Virtualizing
Cisco Unified
Communications
Nutanix Best Practices
Version 1.1
•
June 2016 •
BP-2006
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
Copyright
Copyright 2016 Nutanix, Inc.
Nutanix, Inc.
1740 Technology Drive, Suite 150
San Jose, CA 95110
All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual
property laws.
Nutanix is a trademark of Nutanix, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other
marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Copyright | 2
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
Contents
1. Executive Summary................................................................................ 5
2. Introduction..............................................................................................6
2.1. Audience........................................................................................................................ 6
2.2. Purpose..........................................................................................................................6
3. Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform Overview.......................................7
3.1. Nutanix Acropolis Overview...........................................................................................7
3.2. Distributed Storage Fabric.............................................................................................8
3.3. App Mobility Fabric........................................................................................................8
3.4. AHV................................................................................................................................8
3.5. Nutanix Acropolis Architecture...................................................................................... 8
4. Cisco Unified Communications Overview.......................................... 12
4.1. Call Control: Cisco Unified Communications Manager................................................14
4.2. Voice Messaging: Cisco Unity Connection..................................................................15
4.3. Instant Messaging and Presence: CUCM IM and Presence....................................... 16
4.4. E911 Location Services: Cisco Emergency Responder.............................................. 17
4.5. License Management: Prime License Manager.......................................................... 19
5. Delivering High Performance and Highly Available Cisco UC.......... 21
6. Designing and Architecting Cisco UC on Nutanix............................. 23
6.1. Cisco Collaboration Sizing Tool.................................................................................. 23
7. Sample Deployments of Cisco UC on Nutanix...................................25
7.1. 1,000 User Deployment...............................................................................................25
7.2. 1,000 User Deployment VM Placement...................................................................... 26
7.3. 30,000 User Deployment.............................................................................................27
7.4. 30,000 User Deployment VM Placement.................................................................... 30
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8. Nutanix Best Practices for Cisco Unified Communications.............. 32
8.1. Nutanix Platform Guidance..........................................................................................32
8.2. Virtualization and Compute Configuration................................................................... 33
8.3. Storage Configuration..................................................................................................34
8.4. Networking................................................................................................................... 35
8.5. High Availability........................................................................................................... 36
8.6. Backup and Disaster Recovery................................................................................... 37
8.7. UC Application Installation...........................................................................................37
8.8. Cisco UC Virtualization Requirements........................................................................ 37
9. Conclusion............................................................................................. 40
Appendix......................................................................................................................... 41
Best Practices Checklist..................................................................................................... 41
References.......................................................................................................................... 42
Meet the Author.................................................................................................................. 43
About Nutanix......................................................................................................................43
List of Figures................................................................................................................44
List of Tables................................................................................................................. 45
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Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
1. Executive Summary
Nutanix delivers a highly resilient converged compute and storage platform that brings the
benefits of web-scale infrastructure to organizations of all sizes. Designed for supporting
virtualized environments including VMware vSphere, Microsoft Hyper-V, and AHV, Nutanix is the
ideal infrastructure for running all types of virtual workloads, including real-time technologies such
as Cisco Unified Communications (UC).
UC administrators can easily provision the full Unified Communications suite on Nutanix,
providing call control, voice messaging, E911, and Cisco Jabber with minimal datacenter
footprint.
Nutanix provides the functionality business and IT administrators need to deliver fast
performance, easy scalability, simple management, fast provisioning, and high availability for
Cisco UC environments, including:
• Convergence of compute and storage into a single appliance.
• A highly distributed software architecture that eliminates the bottlenecks and complexities
found in traditional SAN and NAS storage platforms when scaling to a large number of Cisco
UC workloads.
• Data and I/O localization. Recently accessed VM data is stored locally on flash for fast access.
• The Nutanix web-scale converged infrastructure provides full support for VAAI, allowing you to
leverage all the latest advances from VMware and taking your solution to the next level.
• Nondisruptive scaling. Autodiscovery and simple addition of new nodes to the Nutanix cluster
enables a cost-effective pay-as-you-grow model.
• Reduced storage requirements due to capacity-optimization technologies, such as
compression and deduplication.
• Data protection with Nutanix replication, VMCaliber snapshots, and disaster recovery that can
be managed transparently in the Nutanix Prism web interface or API.
• No-downtime, one-click upgrades of the Acropolis Operating System (AOS) storage software,
firmware, and hypervisor of choice.
This document shows the Nutanix recommended configuration for successfully implementing
Cisco Unified Communications on Nutanix. The document also provides sizing guidance and
scalability options.
1. Executive Summary | 5
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2. Introduction
2.1. Audience
This best practice guide is intended for Nutanix and Cisco Unified Communications
administrators and solutions architects who are responsible for planning, designing, and
deploying UC infrastructures in either on-premises or “UC-as-a-Service” environments running on
the Nutanix platform.
Some portions of this document reference tools and websites that are necessary for the
successful deployment of Cisco UC but that are only available to Cisco partners. As such, we
assume a Cisco partner’s involvement in UC design and deployment.
2.2. Purpose
This best practice guide acts as a reference when making design decisions for a Cisco Unified
Communications deployment on the Nutanix infrastructure. The primary focus is on core Cisco
Unified Communications applications.
This document contains:
• An overview of the Nutanix platform and the benefits of using web-scale infrastructure for
Unified Communications.
• An overview of the core Cisco Unified Communications components.
• Sizing and placement guidelines for deploying UC VMs on Nutanix.
• Best practices for Nutanix configuration for UC environments.
Table 1: Document Version History
Version Number
Published
Notes
1.0
January 2015
Original publication.
1.1
June 2016
Updated platform overview,
processor specifications, and
formatting.
2. Introduction | 6
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3. Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform Overview
3.1. Nutanix Acropolis Overview
Nutanix delivers a hyperconverged infrastructure solution purpose-built for virtualization and
cloud environments. This solution brings the performance and economic benefits of web-scale
architecture to the enterprise through the Nutanix enterprise cloud platform, which is composed
of two product families—Nutanix Acropolis and Nutanix Prism.
Attributes of this solution include:
• Storage and compute resources hyperconverged on x86 servers.
• System intelligence located in software.
• Data, metadata, and operations fully distributed across entire cluster of x86 servers.
• Self-healing to tolerate and adjust to component failures.
• API-based automation and rich analytics.
Nutanix Acropolis can be broken down into three foundational components: the Distributed
Storage Fabric (DSF), the App Mobility Fabric (AMF), and AHV. Prism provides one-click
infrastructure management for virtual environments running on Acropolis. Acropolis is hypervisor
agnostic, supporting two third-party hypervisors—ESXi and Hyper-V—in addition to the native
Nutanix hypervisor, AHV.
Figure 1: Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform
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3.2. Distributed Storage Fabric
The Distributed Storage Fabric (DSF) delivers enterprise data storage as an on-demand
service by employing a highly distributed software architecture. Nutanix eliminates the need for
traditional SAN and NAS solutions while delivering a rich set of VM-centric software-defined
services. Specifically, the DSF handles the data path of such features as snapshots, clones, high
availability, disaster recovery, deduplication, compression, and erasure coding.
The DSF operates via an interconnected network of Controller VMs (CVMs) that form a Nutanix
cluster, and every node in the cluster has access to data from shared SSD, HDD, and cloud
resources. The hypervisors and the DSF communicate using the industry-standard NFS, iSCSI,
and SMB3 protocols.
3.3. App Mobility Fabric
The App Mobility Fabric (AMF) is the Nutanix virtualization solution that allows apps to move
across hypervisors. When virtual machines can move between hypervisors (for example,
between VMware ESXi and AHV), administrators can host production and dev/test environments
concurrently on different hypervisors and shift workloads between them as needed. AMF is
implemented via a distributed, scale-out service that runs inside the CVM on every node within a
Nutanix cluster.
3.4. AHV
Nutanix ships with a hardened, enterprise-ready hypervisor based on proven open source
technology. AHV is managed with the Prism interface, a robust REST API, and an interactive
command-line interface called aCLI (Acropolis CLI). These tools combine to eliminate the
management complexity typically associated with open source environments and allow out-ofthe-box virtualization on Nutanix—all without the licensing fees associated with other hypervisors.
3.5. Nutanix Acropolis Architecture
Acropolis does not rely on traditional SAN or NAS storage or expensive storage network
interconnects. It combines highly dense storage and server compute (CPU and RAM) into a
single platform building block. Each building block is based on industry-standard Intel processor
technology and delivers a unified, scale-out, shared-nothing architecture with no single points of
failure.
The Nutanix solution has no LUNs to manage, no RAID groups to configure, and no complicated
storage multipathing to set up. All storage management is VM-centric, and the DSF optimizes I/O
at the VM virtual disk level. There is one shared pool of storage that includes flash-based SSDs
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for high performance and low-latency HDDs for affordable capacity. The file system automatically
tiers data across different types of storage devices using intelligent data placement algorithms.
These algorithms make sure that the most frequently used data is available in memory or in flash
for the fastest possible performance.
Figure 2: Information Life Cycle Management
With the DSF, a CVM writes data to local flash memory for fast acknowledgment; the CVM also
handles read operations locally for reduced latency and fast data delivery.
The figure below shows an overview of the Nutanix architecture, including the hypervisor of your
choice (AHV, ESXi, or Hyper-V), user VMs, the Nutanix storage CVM, and its local disk devices.
Each CVM connects directly to the local storage controller and its associated disks. Using local
storage controllers on each host localizes access to data through the DSF, thereby reducing
storage I/O latency. The DSF replicates writes synchronously to at least one other Nutanix node
in the system, distributing data throughout the cluster for resiliency and availability. Replication
factor 2 (RF2) creates two identical data copies in the cluster, and replication factor 3 (RF3)
creates three identical data copies. Having a local storage controller on each node ensures that
storage performance as well as storage capacity increase linearly with node addition.
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Figure 3: Overview of the Nutanix Architecture
Local storage for each Nutanix node in the architecture appears to the hypervisor as one large
pool of shared storage. This allows the DSF to support all key virtualization features. Data
localization maintains performance and quality of service (QoS) on each host, minimizing the
effect noisy VMs have on their neighbors’ performance. This functionality allows for large,
mixed-workload clusters that are more efficient and more resilient to failure when compared to
traditional architectures with standalone, shared, and dual-controller storage arrays.
When VMs move from one hypervisor to another, such as during live migration and high
availability, the now local CVM serves a newly migrated VM’s data. When reading old data
(stored on the now remote CVM) the local CVM forwards the I/O request to the remote CVM. All
write I/O occurs locally. The DSF detects that I/O is occurring from a different node and migrates
the data to the local node in the background, allowing for all read I/O to now be served locally.
The data only migrates when there have been enough reads and writes from the remote node to
minimize network utilization.
The next figure shows how data follows the VM as it moves between hypervisor nodes.
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Figure 4: Data Locality and Live Migration
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4. Cisco Unified Communications Overview
The Cisco Unified Communications (UC) suite provides collaboration tools that enable effective
team communication regardless of device or location. These tools allow users to communicate
in different forms, including voice, video, text, and even file sharing and screen sharing across
PC, Mac, Android, and iPhone. Virtualization is now the primary method of deploying UC
server applications supporting UC client interactions, replacing many physical servers that were
required in the past.
The Cisco Unified Communications suite consists of the following core virtual server application
components:
• Call control: Cisco Unified Communications Manager.
• Voice messaging: Cisco Unity Connection.
• Instant messaging and presence: Cisco Unified Communications Manager IM and Presence.
• E911 location services: Cisco Emergency Responder.
• License management: Cisco Prime License Manager.
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Figure 5: Cisco UC Overview
The figure above shows the basic components of a UC deployment. This overview highlights
virtual applications central to providing service to end users and clients. We’ve included required
physical items such as the Cisco IOS voice gateway, laptops for Jabber clients, and IP phones
to illustrate how the virtual server infrastructure fits into the overall UC system. Each UC virtual
server application is implemented using a number of VMs.
Additional UC components, such as Cisco Unified Contact Center for call center and help desk
agents, Video Communications Server for telepresence, and WebEx, can be virtualized following
similar methods, but we do not discuss them directly in this guide.
4. Cisco Unified Communications Overview | 13
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4.1. Call Control: Cisco Unified Communications Manager
Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) is the central component of UC deployments
responsible for routing all calls and acting as the registration server for IP endpoints. Multiple
CUCM servers are deployed in a cluster to provide fault tolerance and scale.
A typical CUCM cluster can contain up to eight call processing servers and can be spread
across multiple geographic locations. In some cases this cluster can grow to contain up to 16 call
processing servers. A single CUCM cluster can support a maximum of 40,000 IP endpoints. To
scale beyond 40,000 endpoints, administrators can deploy multiple clusters to satisfy both scale
and redundancy requirements.
Figure 6: Geographically Distributed CUCM Cluster
The figure above shows a geographically distributed cluster, with servers residing in New York
and Boston forming a single CUCM cluster. This distributed CUCM cluster provides call control
service to phones in New York, New Jersey, and Boston.
CUCM, like many Cisco UC applications, is deployed using an Open Virtualization Archive (OVA)
template and can be configured with different CPU, RAM, and disk sizes, as needed. The OVA
file can be imported into vSphere and contains the definition of all attributes required to create
the VM. CUCM servers that make up a cluster vary in size, depending on the number of phones
they support. The user selects the server size in the VMware OVA deployment dropdown during
vSphere import. Consult the Cisco DocWiki for a breakdown of the available CUCM OVA options.
4. Cisco Unified Communications Overview | 14
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Performance of the CUCM server is heavily focused on CPU and RAM, as all call processing is
performed in memory. During normal operation, storage is only utilized for writing out logs and
call records.
4.2. Voice Messaging: Cisco Unity Connection
The Cisco Unity Connection (CUC) application provides voice message and message waiting
indicator (MWI) services, as well as basic auto attendant and IVR services. You can enable
additional functionality to sync voice mailboxes to Microsoft Exchange inboxes. CUC servers are
deployed in active/active pairs to form a cluster supporting up to 20,000 voice mailboxes. Multiple
pairs (or clusters) can be joined via digital networking to scale up to 100,000 voice mailboxes.
Figure 7: CUC Voicemail Clusters
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In the figure above, an active/active CUC cluster in New York provides voicemail service to all
phones in New York and New Jersey. A separate active/active CUC cluster provides service to
phones in Boston.
CUC is heavily focused on processing power to perform voice transcoding and speech
recognition. In addition, there are large storage requirements to read and write voice messages
in real-time on both servers in a pair. More information about the CUC OVA sizes can be found in
the Cisco DocWiki.
4.3. Instant Messaging and Presence: CUCM IM and Presence
Instant Messaging and Presence (IM&P) provides service to Cisco Jabber endpoints on PC,
Mac, Android, or iPhone. Chat messages and Jabber presence status are routed to Cisco Jabber
clients through the IM&P server using the SIP and XMPP protocols. The on-hook status of
phones is routed through CUCM to the IM&P server for use by the Jabber client contact list.
IM&P servers are deployed in pairs that form a subcluster for high availability and load balancing.
Up to three IM&P subclusters (six servers) can be deployed with each CUCM cluster. A
subcluster can support up to 15,000 users—up to 45,000 in a single cluster when using the
largest possible OVA. Details about the IM&P OVA sizes can be found in the Cisco DocWiki.
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Figure 8: IM&P Subclusters
The figure above depicts a single CUCM cluster with two IM&P subclusters. The New York
subcluster provides service to Jabber clients in New York and New Jersey, while the Boston
subcluster is dedicated to Boston clients.
The IM&P server primarily utilizes CPU and RAM for real-time routing of instant messaging.
Storage utilization during normal operation focuses on writing logs.
4.4. E911 Location Services: Cisco Emergency Responder
Cisco Emergency Responder (CER) is responsible for sending physical location data to the
public-safety answering point (PSAP) when users place an emergency call. Local laws require
Emergency Responder to provide E911 location services when IP endpoints make emergency
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calls. UC endpoints can exist on laptops, desktops, IP phones, and wireless handsets. As
devices move from one location to another, the CER server is responsible for tracking the current
location. During an emergency call the system invokes the CER server to send the calling
device's current location to the PSAP operator.
Two CER servers form a CER Server Group for high availability; multiple Server Groups form
a CER Cluster. Information on the UC application OVA sizes for Emergency Responder can be
found in the Cisco DocWiki.
Figure 9: CER Server Group
The figure above shows a sample CER Server Group split between New York and Boston. The
CER Publisher server provides service to all phones, and the Subscriber only takes over if the
Publisher is offline.
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Figure 10: E911 Call Example
The figure above shows an example of an E911 call made from New York Phone C. CER
identifies the location of the call and passes this information to the PSAP operator.
CER primarily uses CPU and RAM to perform call routing and location lookups in real-time,
as well as scheduled phone location discovery. Storage utilization consists of emergency call
logging and system log files.
4.5. License Management: Prime License Manager
Prime License Manager (PLM) provides a central point of control for uploading and managing
licenses for Cisco UC components. Each customer license domain requires only one PLM node.
A single PLM can manage and distribute licenses for multiple Cisco UC clusters. The resources
required for the PLM server are minimal.
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Table 2: UC Cluster Sizes
Product
Cisco UC Cluster Size
Resource Usage Profile
CUCM
VMs per cluster: 1–16
Heavy CPU and RAM use
Users per cluster: 1–40,000
Light storage use
Maximum clusters: unlimited
IM&P
VMs per IM&P subcluster: 1–2
Heavy CPU and RAM use
Subclusters per CUCM cluster: 1–3
Light storage use
Users per subcluster: 1–15,000
Users per cluster: 45,000
Maximum clusters: unlimited (1 per CUCM
cluster)
CUC
VMs per cluster: 1–2
Heavy CPU and RAM use
Users per cluster: 1–20,000
Large sized storage with medium use
Maximum clusters: 10
CER
VMs per cluster: 1–2
Heavy CPU and RAM use
Users per cluster: 1–40,000
Light storage use
Maximum clusters: 10
PLM
1 PLM VM per license domain
Light CPU, RAM, and storage use
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5. Delivering High Performance and Highly
Available Cisco UC
When using a virtualized Unified Communications infrastructure, selecting the optimal compute
and storage architecture is critical for providing exceptional end user experience.
The Nutanix enterprise cloud platform is a hyperconverged solution that combines storage and
compute resources into a single, integrated appliance. It provides the manageability benefits of
centralized storage while delivering high performance by keeping data local to server resources.
IT managers can now deliver Unified Communications services with enterprise storage features
without the cost and complexity of SAN and NAS systems.
The Nutanix architecture is purpose-built for virtualization and supports popular technologies
such as live VM migration, high availability (HA), distributed resource scheduling (DRS), and
fault tolerance. Nutanix makes it simple to deploy and scale Cisco Unified Communications
clusters that support complex collaboration feature sets. The scalability of the Nutanix cluster can
accommodate UC clusters of any size. Entirely new UC components can be added easily to an
existing Nutanix cluster without redesigning the underlying storage and compute infrastructure. In
short, a UC deployment on Nutanix is flexible and scalable.
With the Acropolis Distributed Storage Fabric (DSF), data is written to local flash memory for
fast acknowledgment, while read operations are handled locally for reduced latency and fast
delivery of UC data. Data is strategically written to other Nutanix nodes to provide automatic fault
tolerance in case of hardware failure. In addition, the DSF includes advanced compression and
deduplication technology to optimize storage utilization and capacity savings.
The Nutanix solution is also hypervisor agnostic, allowing customers to use the hypervisor of
their choice, including Microsoft Hyper-V, VMware ESXi, or AHV. Cisco Unified Communications
is supported exclusively on VMware ESXi, so this document tailors all hypervisor-specific details
to VMware. Nutanix is certified in the VMware hardware compatibility list, as well as the VMware
Storage hardware compatibility list (HCL). These certifications allow administrators to rest easy
knowing the platform is designed for interoperability with VMware features and is fully supported
by both Nutanix and VMware.
Nutanix delivers a highly available, easy-to-manage, fault-tolerant platform for Cisco Unified
Communications applications. The fault tolerance and self-healing of the underlying DSF
infrastructure allow critical UC services to be provided to end users without interruption.
Moreover, Nutanix ease of installation and setup cuts down UC deployment times by slashing
the interval needed to configure storage infrastructure. The Nutanix Prism Management interface
simplifies infrastructure management by providing a transparent and user-friendly view of the
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entire Nutanix cluster. VM-centric to the core, Nutanix is the ideal compute and storage platform
for highly critical Cisco Unified Communications VMs.
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6. Designing and Architecting Cisco UC on Nutanix
Unified Communications deployments are sized based on the user counts and device counts for
each UC application. A simple example would be a 1,000 employee organization in which each
user has one physical phone, one voice mailbox, and one Jabber client for Instant Messaging &
Presence. In this instance, sizing input would be as follows:
• CUCM: 2,000 Devices, 2,000 Lines
The combination of 1,000 physical phones and 1,000 Jabber devices results in 2,000 devices
that require call control service from the Communications Manager. It's important to identify
the expected "busy hour call attempts" per phone to size appropriately. A phone that places
two calls and receives one call during the busiest hour of the day has a BHCA of three, for
example. Administrators can use historical phone usage reports to take the total call volume
in the busiest hour and then divide by the number of users. Having real data is vital, as
BHCA can vary widely between users and groups. Increased BHCA results in larger VM
requirements or lower user-to-VM density.
• IM&P: 1,000 Jabber Clients
Each Cisco Jabber client connects to the IM & Presence server for XMPP messaging and
presence information. IM&P sizing is determined by user count and the average size of the
contact list—in this case, 1,000 users, assuming standard contact list sizes.
• Cisco Unity Connection: 1,000 Voice Mailboxes
1,000 mailboxes are required to provide a voice mailbox for every user. Additional features,
such as interactive IVRs or shared mailboxes, would increase the mailbox count.
• Cisco Emergency Responder: 2,000 Tracked Devices
Cisco Emergency Responder can track all physical phones via SNMP switch port discovery.
Cisco Jabber clients are tracked via IP subnet or by user-provided locations.
6.1. Cisco Collaboration Sizing Tool
Working with a Cisco partner, input the user count information into the Cisco Collaboration Sizing
Tool. Additional details specific to UC features, such as computer telephony integration (CTI),
shared lines, and other features, may be gathered to calculate size more accurately. The output
of the Cisco Collaboration Sizing Tool determined the number and type of VMs recommended for
the deployment. For this example, we use a 1:1 call processing redundancy model, meaning that
each call processing server has a backup server capable of supporting full phone capacity during
failure.
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General guidelines for Cisco UC Sizing can be found in the Solution Reference Design Guide for
Collaboration. For a more exact calculation that takes into account expected call volume, use the
Cisco Collaboration Sizing Tool available to Cisco partners.
Each UC application is listed with the number of VMs required and the OVA template size.
For convenience, the table lists the actual size of the OVA in vCPUs, RAM, and storage. This
information may change in future versions of Cisco UC products. To find the exact specifications
for each product and each OVA size, refer to the DocWiki Virtualization page.
The OVAs delivered by Cisco for the purposes of Unified Communications are fixed and cannot
be modified, or UC application installation may fail. The purpose of the OVA is to ensure the best
possible end user experience by enforcing rules regarding resource reservation, disk sizes, and
oversubscription (these rules can be found in the Cisco Virtualization Sizing Guidelines page). An
added benefit is that the OVA greatly simplifies creating VMs for Cisco UC.
The following section shows two sample layouts of Unified Communications design on Nutanix:
one for 1,000 users and the other for 30,000.
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7. Sample Deployments of Cisco UC on Nutanix
7.1. 1,000 User Deployment
Arranging Cisco UC applications on the nodes in a Nutanix system can be accomplished in
two steps. First, establish the number, type, and size of the VMs required for the solution using
the Cisco Collaboration Sizing Tool, described above. This tool’s output provides the VMs
per application, vCPU, RAM, storage requirements, and the number of supported users per
application OVA. Note that the number of VMs is driven by both performance and redundancy
requirements. As a result, the OVA size may not correspond exactly to the number of supported
users.
The table below contains sample output for 1,000 users.
Table 3: 1,000 User Sizing Tool Output
UC Product
Product OVA
CUCM
2,500 Users
IM&P
1,000 Users
CUC
1,000 Users
CER
1,000 Users
PLM
Per VM
Total
# of
VMs
vCPUs
RAM (GB)
Storage
(GB)
vCPUs
RAM (GB)
Storage
(GB)
2
1
4
80
2
8
160
2
1
2
80
2
4
160
2
2
4
160
4
8
320
2
1
4
80
2
8
160
1
1
4
50
1
4
50
11
32
850
Total
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Using the sizing information in the table above, we can lay out the VMs on individual nodes in the
Nutanix system.
We've selected the 16-core Nutanix 3350 as a deployment example. This model allows ample
room for the UC applications, using an N+1 hypervisor strategy in case of Nutanix node
hardware failure. We only show three nodes below, but generally recommend four nodes in any
configuration for higher availability. The fourth node also allows more non-UC workloads to be
deployed in the configuration.
Hardware Components Required and Rack Units: 1,000 Users
This example uses just four rack units (RU), including all compute, storage, and networking
infrastructure.
Table 4: 1,000 User Hardware Requirements
Component
Quantity
Rack Units
Nutanix system
1
2
10 Gb top-of-rack switches
2
2
Total rack units
4
Nutanix Controller VM Configuration: 1,000 Users
The Nutanix Controller VM (CVM) uses a default configuration with eight allocated vCPUs, four of
which are reserved, and 16 GB RAM.
VM Placement for Application-Level Availability: 1,000 Users
VMs are placed on different Nutanix nodes to separate critical redundant services, such as the
primary and secondary Communications Manager. Cisco UC does not support VMware DRS, so
administrators must perform and maintain VM placement manually.
7.2. 1,000 User Deployment VM Placement
The following diagram shows the 1:1 vCPU to physical core mapping Cisco requires, as well
as the staggered VM placement. The Nutanix platform is capable of running the 1,000 user
UC workload with ample room for N+1 redundancy. Utilize the spare capacity to run other VM
workloads.
Although Cisco requires that UC VM vCPUs not be oversubscribed, the Nutanix CVM only
reserves four vCPUs out of the eight provisioned. Depending on the system load, it may be
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possible to use the four unreserved vCPUs for non-Cisco UC workloads. When access to the
DSF is not IOPS intensive, you can use these spare CPU cores. All free, unused resources are
shaded.
Figure 11: 1,000 User VM Placement with Cores Reserved and VMs Not Pinned
7.3. 30,000 User Deployment
Planning and design for a larger number of users on Nutanix follows the same process as the
small UC deployment. Provide the user count, BHCA, and applications required as input to the
Cisco Collaboration Sizing Tool. A 30,000-user deployment would yield output similar to that in
the following table.
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Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
Table 5: 30,000 User Sizing Tool Output
UC Product
Per VM
Total
# of
VMs
vCPUs
RAM (GB)
Storage
(GB)
vCPUs
RAM (GB)
Storage
(GB)
11
2
6
110
22
66
1,210
4
4
8
2x 80
16
32
640
4
8
8
2x 300
32
32
2,400
30,000
Users
2
2
6
2x 80
4
12
320
PLM
1
1
4
50
1
4
50
75
146
4,620
Product OVA
CUCM
7,500 Users
IM&P
15,000
Users
CUC
20,000
Users
CER
Total
In this example we have chosen two blocks, containing seven 24-core nodes for maximum VM
density. Other hardware models and core densities are available. N+1 hardware redundancy is
achieved with an additional node to tolerate hardware failure. Critical UC application roles are
separated manually between Nutanix nodes as required.
Hardware Components Required and Rack Units: 30,000 Users
This example uses just six rack units (RU), including all compute, storage, and networking
infrastructure.
Table 6: 30,000 User Hardware Requirements
Component
Quantity
Rack Units
Nutanix system
2
4
7. Sample Deployments of Cisco UC on Nutanix | 28
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
Component
10 Gb top-of-rack switches
Quantity
Rack Units
2
2
Total rack units
6
Nutanix Controller VM Configuration: 30,000 Users
The Nutanix Controller VM (CVM) uses a default configuration with eight allocated vCPUs, four of
which are reserved, and 16 GB RAM.
VM Placement for Application-Level Availability: 30,000 Users
VMs are placed on different Nutanix nodes to separate critical redundant services, such as the
primary and secondary Communications Manager. Cisco UC does not support VMware DRS, so
administrators must perform and maintain VM placement manually.
Note that this Nutanix cluster can be started with a minimum of three Nutanix nodes, with
additional nodes added as UC components are scaled up over time.
7. Sample Deployments of Cisco UC on Nutanix | 29
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
7.4. 30,000 User Deployment VM Placement
Figure 12: 30,000 User VM Placement: Block 1
7. Sample Deployments of Cisco UC on Nutanix | 30
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
Figure 13: 30,000 User VM Placement: Block 2
7. Sample Deployments of Cisco UC on Nutanix | 31
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
8. Nutanix Best Practices for Cisco Unified
Communications
The following sections discuss Nutanix best practices for a Cisco Unified Communications
deployment. Nutanix and Cisco UC best practices are summarized in the Best Practices
Checklist included in the Appendix.
8.1. Nutanix Platform Guidance
Nutanix has a wide range of node types, all of which vary in compute, storage capacity, and
performance to suit almost any virtual workload. All Nutanix models meet the full processor
requirements specified by Cisco UC. Therefore, any node type is a candidate for running Cisco
UC. The exact model selected depends on both the disk space required by the combined UC
applications, as well as the number of vCPUs required. The results from the Cisco Collaboration
Sizing Tool and the specified OVA sizes drive this decision. Consult your Nutanix Systems
Engineer to find the Nutanix node that’s the right fit for your enterprise.
The NX-3460-G4 block shown in the figure below is an example of a typical configuration. The
block has four nodes (A–D), and each node has the following specifications:
• 2x Intel Ivy Bridge E5-2680v3, 24 cores, 2.5 GHz
• Up to 512 GB RAM
• 2x SSDs (480 GB–1.6 TB option)
• 4x 1 TB SATA HDDs (2 TB option)
• 2x 10 Gb SFP+ network interfaces (2 or 4 port add-on available)
• 2x 1 Gb network interfaces
• 1x out-of-band management interface (IPMI)
• 4 nodes per 2RU form factor (shown)
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Figure 14: Nutanix System: Block of Four Nodes
The NX-3000 can be mixed with other node types to form a single Nutanix cluster and thereby
maximize performance and operational efficiency. This allows users to add and balance storage
and compute capacity in a Nutanix cluster to suit their particular needs.
8.2. Virtualization and Compute Configuration
Host and VM Sizing (vCPUs, RAM, Storage)
Each UC VM is deployed using an OVA file downloaded from Cisco. These OVA files specify the
CPU, RAM, and storage requirements of the UC application.
Ensure that a 1:1 vCPU to physical core mapping is maintained for all Cisco UC VMs on the
Nutanix cluster. Hyperthreading (HT) should be enabled, but CPU mapping should be done
based on physical, and not logical, cores. Settings for HT sharing are not specified in the Cisco
documentation, so this should be left at the default setting. CPU reservations are created as the
OVA requires.
RAM is allocated and reserved during OVA deployment. No additional configuration is required.
The OVA template also dictates each UC application’s storage requirements, creating the correct
number of disks at the appropriate size for each VM during deployment.
VMware Feature Support
Each Cisco UC application supports specific VMware features, such as DRS, HA, Site Recovery
Manager (SRM), or Snapshots. Consult the Cisco DocWiki for complete and up-to-date
8. Nutanix Best Practices for Cisco Unified Communications | 33
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information on supported VMware features with Cisco Unified Communications, as Cisco
constantly updates this list. Not all Cisco UC applications support the same VMware features.
8.3. Storage Configuration
A Nutanix cluster is created at each physical site. Cluster size ranges from at least three to,
theoretically, an unlimited number. However, when using VMware, we recommend a 32-node
maximum; this number aligns with VMware vSphere’s maximum cluster size of 32 ESXi hosts,
while also maintaining a manageable fault domain. Additional nodes and clusters can be
supported at each site as necessary.
Advanced Nutanix features such as compression and deduplication can provide greatly
improved storage capacity for workloads with shared, or easily compressible, data. Cisco Unified
Communications VMs are unlikely to see these gains due to the nature of the data, so we do
not recommend compression and deduplication in this context. These features can be enabled,
however, if other workloads require them.
Table 7: Nutanix Cluster and Storage Recommendations
Cluster Size
3–32 nodes per cluster, one or more clusters per site
Storage Pool
Single storage pool with all SSD and HDD devices
Container
Single container with redundancy factor of 2
Used to host UC virtual disk files (VMDKs)
Compression
Not recommended for UC, but allowed
Deduplication
Not recommended for UC, but allowed
VM Placement
Stagger critical UC functions on multiple nodes to provide
resiliency and spread workload
Mixed Workloads
Additional workloads can be virtualized on the nodes to maximize
CPU and RAM utilization efficiency
Most UC applications support coresidency with non-UC VMs.
Follow Cisco Coresidency Guidelines
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8.4. Networking
Designed for true linear scaling, Nutanix recommends a leaf-spine network architecture. A leafspine architecture consists of two network tiers: an L2 leaf and an L3 spine based on 10 GbE or
40 GbE and nonblocking switches. This architecture maintains consistent performance without
any throughput reduction due to a static maximum of three hops from any node in the network.
The figure below shows a scale-out leaf-spine network architecture design. This architecture
provides 20 Gb active throughput from each node to its L2 leaf, and scalable 80 Gb active
throughput from each leaf to spine switch, providing scale from one Nutanix block to thousands
without any impact to available bandwidth.
Each node’s 10 GbE NIC is attached to a separate top-of-rack switch; the type of vSphere
switch determines the load balancing and NIC teaming option. Nutanix recommends using
“Route based on originating virtual port” with the vSphere Standard Switch and “Route based on
physical NIC Load” with the vSphere Distributed Switch. No advanced switching configuration
such as Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP), Cisco EtherChannel, or HP teaming is
required for the Nutanix node.
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Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
Figure 15: Nutanix Leaf-Spine Network Architecture
Additional Nutanix networking best practices for VMware vSphere can be found in the Tech Note
VMware vSphere Networking on Nutanix.
Nutanix recommends always using the 10 Gbps network interfaces for the Nutanix Controller
VM, hypervisor, and guest VM network connectivity. However, the 1 Gbps network infrastructure
is supported for a maximum of eight Nutanix nodes and can be used if no 10 Gbps network
infrastructure is available.
8.5. High Availability
Cisco Unified Communications is designed for high availability at the application level. Every
customer design includes additional VMs for fault tolerance and load balancing. Automatic
VMware tools such as DRS and fault tolerance are not recommended for use with Cisco Unified
Communications. Recovery from hardware failure should be handled instantaneously by
8. Nutanix Best Practices for Cisco Unified Communications | 36
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
geographic or local redundancy. Administrators can perform manual recovery to start failed VMs
on new hardware if necessary.
The DSF provides the ability to survive disk failure without impact to running VMs, as all data is
written redundantly to peer nodes. Complete node failure would only interrupt service to VMs
running on that node. VMs can be restarted on another node, or VMs can be restarted when the
Nutanix node is running again.
8.6. Backup and Disaster Recovery
Although Nutanix protection domains could be used for disaster recovery, the recommended
best practice is to plan for disaster recovery at the Cisco UC application level with redundant
sites and redundant UC VMs at those sites. The immediate failover should be handled at the
application level within seconds to ensure zero interruption and downtime for UC endpoints. In
case of hardware failure, the UC applications can be restarted manually on another Nutanix node
if required to restore service.
Backup and restore of a Cisco UC application is only supported through UC application-specific
backup mechanisms. Cisco does not support any third-party backup mechanisms at this time.
Loss of VM data is prevented by the DSF's synchronous replication on write technology, which
defaults to a replication factor of two.
8.7. UC Application Installation
Most Cisco UC applications are installed in a two-part process. First, the VM is created from
the downloaded Cisco OVA file. Second, installation starts by mounting an ISO in the DVD
drive of the newly created VM, and booting the VM. Location of this installation ISO is critical to
installation performance.
The UC installation ISO should be copied to the same Nutanix container as the UC application
being installed to take advantage of data locality and shadow clones. This is especially important
if multiple UC applications are being installed at the same time from the same ISO image. In the
VMware vSphere Client select "Datastore ISO File" when connecting the DVD drive to the UC
VM.
8.8. Cisco UC Virtualization Requirements
Cisco specifies detailed requirements that must be met before a third party hardware or
storage solution can be used to deploy Cisco Unified Communications. Nutanix complies with
all requirements detailed on the Cisco DocWiki site. Because Cisco frequently updates the
DocWiki site, this list is subject to change. The following list highlights the key areas of Nutanix
compliance with Cisco UC requirements.
8. Nutanix Best Practices for Cisco Unified Communications | 37
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
CPU Oversubscription
CPU oversubscription is not allowed when implementing virtualized Cisco UC. Plan for a 1:1
mapping of vCPUs to physical cores and deploy UC VMs using the Cisco supplied OVA. CPU
reservations are created when the OVA is deployed. Hyperthreading should be enabled, but
mapping of vCPUs must be performed based on the number of physical cores.
Full Performance CPU Architecture
UC-approved CPUs are specified by Cisco per CPU architecture and speed. Only approved
processors on this list are supported for UC applications. All Nutanix models meet the “Full
Performance” criteria.
To find a full list of all Nutanix node specifications visit the Nutanix.com site and navigate to
Hardware Platforms. Since processor models are upgraded frequently it is imperative to check
the list of CPU architectures and speeds supported by Cisco, and compare that to the different
models used in Nutanix nodes.
Memory Oversubscription
Memory must be assigned on a dedicated basis to Cisco UC VMs and cannot be oversubscribed.
This is easy to ensure on Nutanix by deploying the Cisco provided OVA and planning VM layout
accordingly. Memory reservation is performed when the OVA is deployed.
Disk Oversubscription
Thin provisioning can be used as long as disk space is available when a VM requires it. By
design, Unified Communications servers eventually use all available disk space for logging and
other functions. The Cisco recommended best practice is to use thick provisioning lazy zeroed to
ensure smooth operation of critical UC VMs. This precaution is taken to avoid running out of disk
space when a critical UC application requires it. Thin provisioning is an acceptable method when
UC VMs are guaranteed to never run out of disk space during operation.
NAS and NFS Latency
NFS is a supported mechanism for storage as long as guest average latency (GAVG), a
combination of disk and kernel latency, is less than 24 ms as reported in esxtop GAVG. More
information about vSphere storage performance troubleshooting can be found in the VMware
vSphere blog. Most importantly, any storage technology is supported as long as the capacity,
performance, and latency requirements of the individual UC applications are met.
Storage Performance (IOPS)
Each Cisco UC application has an IOPS profile that can be found on the Cisco DocWiki site.
Consult the OVA details for each UC application listed above. These performance numbers can
be used to get a general idea of the load a UC application would place on the storage system.
8. Nutanix Best Practices for Cisco Unified Communications | 38
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
Use these numbers as a guideline for placing UC applications on Nutanix nodes to balance
the workload over multiple Nutanix nodes. In general, most Cisco UC applications are not disk
intensive.
Note: CPU core requirements primarily drive UC VM placement, rather than storage
or memory requirements.
VMware HCL and VMware Storage HCL
Cisco UC can be deployed on any third-party hardware and storage as long as the product meets
all of the above requirements and is on the VMware Hardware Compatibility List (HCL). Nutanix
hardware is certified by VMware and is on the VMware HCL and VMware Storage HCL.
8. Nutanix Best Practices for Cisco Unified Communications | 39
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
9. Conclusion
Cisco Unified Communications can be successfully deployed on the Nutanix platform, delivering
high availability and true linear scalability. The Nutanix platform eliminates traditional SAN and
NAS complexity while providing a highly resilient storage and compute infrastructure with a small
datacenter footprint and full Cisco UC support.
Cisco's adoption of virtualization for Unified Communications provides an amazing opportunity
for UC administrators. The synergy between virtualized UC and Nutanix, an infrastructure
platform purpose-built for virtualization, can be leveraged to build the best enterprise-class
communications tools with the lowest administrative overhead.
Nutanix is the optimal compute and storage platform for critical real-time UC applications,
allowing Unified Communications cluster scaling as needed during a deployment, instead of
building the entire infrastructure up front for only a small number of users. This flexibility makes
Nutanix a perfect fit for on-premise, private-cloud, or “UC-as-a-Service” deployment models
where the ability to scale over time is crucial.
For Nutanix or UC on Nutanix questions please use our Nutanix Next online community:
next.nutanix.com.
9. Conclusion | 40
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
Appendix
Best Practices Checklist
1. General Suggestions
a. Perform a current and future state analysis to identify UC cluster sizes and future growth.
b. Spend time up front to architect a solution that meets both current and future needs. Use
Nutanix scalability to grow as needed.
c. Design to deliver consistent performance and reliability, as UC workloads need real-time
highly available performance.
2. Nutanix Node and Platform Guidance
a. The NX-3000 platform is a great fit in terms of performance and capacity for all UC
workloads. Pick the platform that best suits all enterprise workloads.
b. All Nutanix nodes currently meet Cisco UC processor specifications and can be used if
other workloads require a specific platform.
c. Mixing node types within a cluster is a viable option for running various workloads.
3. Compute and Memory
a. Download and use the OVA for each Cisco UC Application.
b. Perform 1:1 mapping between vCPUs and physical cores.
c. Perform 1:1 RAM mapping.
d. Follow the Supported VMware Features for Cisco UC DocWiki guide.
4. Storage and Nutanix Clustering
a. Minimum Nutanix cluster size of 3 nodes.
b. Maximum Nutanix cluster size of 32 nodes to limit fault domain and mirror VMware
vSphere cluster maximum size.
c. Each physical site requires a Nutanix cluster.
d. Deploy all HDD and SSD in one storage pool.
e. Deploy a single container with RF=2.
f. Compression and deduplication are not recommended, but are allowed.
g. Stagger critical UC applications to spread load and keep primary and secondary
application components on different hardware.
h. Use free processor space for other non-UC workloads to maximize system efficiency.
5. Networking
a. Use a nonblocking leaf-spine 10 Gbps or 40 Gbps architecture for guaranteed throughput
and low latency.
Appendix | 41
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
b. Attach each Nutanix node to two separate top-of-rack switches.
c. Use “Route based on originating virtual port” with the vSphere Standard Switch.
d. Use “Route based on physical NIC load” with the vSphere Distributed Switch.
e. LACP, Etherchannel, or MLAG are not required to the Nutanix nodes.
f. Refer to the VMware vSphere Networking on Nutanix guide for complete details.
6. High Availability
a. Use Cisco UC application failover and recovery concepts instead of VMware features like
high availability and fault tolerance.
7. Backup and Disaster Recovery
a. Use Cisco UC application-level backup and disaster recovery methods as the primary
backup and DR solution. Full VM copies can be useful, but if you perform a full VM restore,
you may need to rebuild database replication in the application.
b. Acropolis DSF RF2 protects against disk and node failure.
8. UC Application Installation
a. To take advantage of shadow clones, the Cisco UC installation ISO should be copied to
the same Nutanix container (vSphere Datastore) as the target VM before VM installation.
9. Cisco UC Virtualization Requirements
a. Use and refer to the Cisco DocWiki site often as these requirements are constantly
changing.
b. Do not oversubscribe CPU, memory, or disk. Use 1:1 mappings. Thick provisioning lazy
zeroed is recommended but thin provisioning is allowed.
c. Monitor CAVG latency in “esxtop” to ensure NFS command latency is within Cisco
requirements.
d. Use the IOPS measurements for each Cisco UC application in DocWiki to spread
workloads effectively across the Nutanix cluster.
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
CUCM OVA Sizes
CUC OVA Sizes
IM&P OVA Sizes
CER OVA Sizes
All OVA Sizes
Cisco Virtualization Sizing Guidelines
UC Virtualization Storage System Guidelines
Supported VMware Features for Cisco UC
Cisco Coresidency Guidelines
Appendix | 42
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
VMware vSphere Networking on Nutanix
Cisco UC Virtualization Support At a Glance
Cisco UC Approved Processors
Nutanix Technical Solutions
Storage Performance Requirements
vSphere Storage Performance Troubleshooting
Nutanix VMware HCL
Meet the Author
Jason Burns is an NPP-certified Staff Solutions Architect at Nutanix, Inc. and CCIE Collaboration
#20707. He designs, tests, and documents virtual workloads on the Nutanix platform, creating
solutions that solve critical business problems.
Jason has designed and supported Unified Communications infrastructure in the enterprise for
the past decade, deploying UC to connect hundreds of thousands of end-users. Outside of his
day job, he has an unusual passion for certificates, security, and motorcycles.
Follow Jason on Twitter @bbbburns.
About Nutanix
Nutanix makes infrastructure invisible, elevating IT to focus on the applications and services that
power their business. The Nutanix enterprise cloud platform leverages web-scale engineering
and consumer-grade design to natively converge compute, virtualization, and storage into
a resilient, software-defined solution with rich machine intelligence. The result is predictable
performance, cloud-like infrastructure consumption, robust security, and seamless application
mobility for a broad range of enterprise applications. Learn more at www.nutanix.com or follow up
on Twitter @nutanix.
Appendix | 43
Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
List of Figures
Figure 1: Nutanix Enterprise Cloud Platform.....................................................................7
Figure 2: Information Life Cycle Management.................................................................. 9
Figure 3: Overview of the Nutanix Architecture...............................................................10
Figure 4: Data Locality and Live Migration......................................................................11
Figure 5: Cisco UC Overview..........................................................................................13
Figure 6: Geographically Distributed CUCM Cluster....................................................... 14
Figure 7: CUC Voicemail Clusters.................................................................................. 15
Figure 8: IM&P Subclusters.............................................................................................17
Figure 9: CER Server Group...........................................................................................18
Figure 10: E911 Call Example........................................................................................ 19
Figure 11: 1,000 User VM Placement with Cores Reserved and VMs Not Pinned..........27
Figure 12: 30,000 User VM Placement: Block 1............................................................. 30
Figure 13: 30,000 User VM Placement: Block 2............................................................. 31
Figure 14: Nutanix System: Block of Four Nodes........................................................... 33
Figure 15: Nutanix Leaf-Spine Network Architecture...................................................... 36
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Virtualizing Cisco Unified Communications
List of Tables
Table 1: Document Version History.................................................................................. 6
Table 2: UC Cluster Sizes...............................................................................................20
Table 3: 1,000 User Sizing Tool Output..........................................................................25
Table 4: 1,000 User Hardware Requirements.................................................................26
Table 5: 30,000 User Sizing Tool Output........................................................................28
Table 6: 30,000 User Hardware Requirements...............................................................28
Table 7: Nutanix Cluster and Storage Recommendations.............................................. 34
45