PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW Website: nursebossstore.com nursebossstore.com nursebossstore ww.pinterest.com/nursebossstore nursebossessentials Meet the Dr. Nurse Vicky Hey there Future Nurse! I'm Dr. Nurse Vicky, and I've teamed up with other PhD-prepared dr. Nurse Vicky nurses to create study guides you can rely on. Ready to level up your grades? Dive into our awesome nursing resources! 🚀 CLICK HERE SHOP OUR NURSING ESSENTIALS All Nursing Classes Individually shop our nursing study guide. This includes Pharmacology, MedSurg, Fundamentals, Lab Values, Mother Baby, Pediatrics, and Mental Health CLICK HERE SHOP THE BUNDLE Save more when you get a bundle! 600+ pages of the most important nursing school topics! CLICK HERE MOA Nursing Considerations Indications Contraindications Patient Education SIde/Adverse Effects nursebossstore.com Blood pressure Antihypertensive medication a ce-inhibitors Suffix/Prefix Suffix/Prefix Suffix- pril (Example- enalapril) Suffix- lol (Example- atenolol) Mechanism of Action Mechanism of Action MOA: prevent conversion of MOA: blockers block the effect angiotensin I to angiotensin II of epinephrine at the receptor Side Effects A- Angioedema C-Cough (dry cough E- Electrolyte (Elevated K) Nursing Actions 1. Monitor SE sites. Selective BB: affects only the beta1 adrenergic sites (heart) Nonselective BB: (lungs and heart) acts on both beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic sites 3. Monitor BP + Pulse ngiotensin II receptor blockers Suffix/Prefix Suffix- dipine, amil, zem (Example- Amlodipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem) Suffix/Prefix -semide -thiazide Example+ furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide Mechanism of Action Mechanism of Action MOA: Calcium channel blockers MOA: Promote diuresis 2. Monitor K+ level a d iuretics b eta blockers ca channel blockers prevent calcium ions movement Lowers BP: Na and fluid loss across myocardial cell membrane. This causes relaxation of smooth muscle. Relaxation of smooth muscles Selective Beta Blockers Non Selective Beta Blockers Suffix/Prefix Suffix- sartan (Example- Losartan) Mechanism of Action ARBs prevent aldosterone release and peripheral vasoconstriction by selectively blocking angiotensin II receptors. Side Effects Side Effects Bradycardia 1. Orthostatic Hypotension Hypotension 2. Bradycardia, Dizziness Mask symptoms-hypoglycemia Nursing Actions 1. Contraindicated among asthmatic pts. 2. Monitor BP, P, Glucose Nursing Actions 1. Monitor BP, P 2. Patient education to change Side Effects 1. Electrolyte Imbalance 2. Hypotension Nursing Actions 1. Monitor EKGs 2. Monitor Electrolyte levels 3. Monitor BP + P position slowly nursebossstore.com GERD/PEPTIC ULCER Gastrointesinal medications p roton pump inhibitors H istamine H2 Antagonist A NTACID medication Suffix/Prefix Suffix- zole (Example- Omeprazole) Mechanism of Action MOA: Proton pump inhibitors suppress the secretion of HCL in the stomach by inhibiting hydrogenpotassium adenosine triphosphate enzyme (the enzyme that generates HCL). OMEPRAZOLE Side Effects Suffix/Prefix Suffix- -dine-tidine (Example-Ranitidine) Mechanism of Action MOA: Histamine (H2) receptor Suffix/Prefix 1. Aluminium compounds 2. Magnesium compounds 3. Calcium compound 4. Sodium bicarbonate Mechanism of Action antagonist blocks the action of MOA: Antacid are alkaline histamine, which produces HCL compounds that neutralizes acids secretion. and prevents the conversion of This action promotes ulcer healing. pepsinogen to pepsin in the RANATIDINE stomach. Aluminum hydroxide Side Effects Side Effects 1. Abdominal Pain 1. Dizziness 2. Nausea 2. Drowsiness hydroxide retains water 3. Vomiting 3. Headaches which may cause diarrhea Nursing Actions 1. Administer drug before meals Nursing Actions 1. Monitor IV doses carefully 2. Cimetidine and antacid 2. Educate patient to should be administered 1 not crush or chew to 2 hours apart (antacid 3. Schedule drug to avoid interactions nursebossstore.com can decrease the absorption of cimetidine) 1. Diarrhea: magnesium 2. Constipation: aluminium compound Nursing Actions 1. Administer antacid apart from any other oral medications to ensure adequate absorption of the other medications (1 to 2 hours apart) PAIN Analgesics/Antipyretic/NSAIDS/Opioids o pioids n saids Suffix/Prefix Suffix- -ONE -DONE Mechanism of Action a cetaminophen a spirin Suffix/Prefix Suffix/Prefix Suffix- profen Medication- Aspirin Mechanism of Action Mechanism of Action MOA: Centrally acting opioid MOA: NSAIDs have anti- analgesics act as agonist by inflammatory, analgesic and stimulating specific opioid antipyretic properties. NSAIDs receptors in the CNS that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis results in analgesia, euphoria, Suffix/Prefix Medication-Acetaminophen Mechanism of Action MOA: Salicylates inhibit MOA: Acetaminophen inhibits synthesis of prostaglandin. prostaglandin synthesis (limited Salicylates have anti- to CNS and not periphery) inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. Pain and sedation. Aspirin suppresses platelet Pain Pain aggregation by inhibiting Inflammation synthesis of thromboxane A2 (causes platelet aggregation) Pain Side Effects 1. Respiratory depression Fever 2. Constipation Nursing Actions 1. Monitor respiratory status medication and notify HCP if there is Antiplatelets Side Effects Side Effects Fever Nephrotoxic 2. Monitor VS (BP, P, RR, SPO2)- Hold Fever Inflammation Side Effects Nursing Actions 1. Bleeding 1. When used bradycardia, chronically, it can be hypotension, nephrotoxic. respiratory depression 3. Antidote: nalaxone nursebossstore.com 1. Hepatoxic Nursing Actions 1. Monitor liver enzymes 2. Antidote of Nursing Actions 1. Monitor for bleeding 2. Contraindicated among children acetaminophen: acetylcysteine Pharmacology Review cardiovascular system Website: nursebossstore.com medication class prefix/suffix Mechanism of action side effects Beta Blockers -olol -lol lowers bp Ca Channel Blocker -pine -amil -zem lowers bp Bronchospasm Hypotension Bradycardia Hypoglycemia Orthostatic hypotension Dizziness Bradycardia Angioedema Cough Increase K Hypotension Ace Inhibitor -pril Diuretics -semide -thiazide -ACTONE Thrombolytics Statins -ase -teplase -statins Blocks the effect of epinephrine at receptor site Prevent Ca movement across myocardial cell membrane lowers bp Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. lowers bp + edema Promote diuresis Lowers BP: Na and fluid loss lower LDL levels Inhibiting enzyme converting HMG-CoA reductase Contraindicated among asthmatic pts. Monitor BP, P, Glucose Monitor BP, P Patient education to change position slowly Monitor SE Monitor K+ level Monitor BP + Pulse Electrolyte Imbalance Hypotension Monitor EKGs Monitor Electrolyte levels Monitor BP + P Bleeding Monitor for signs of bleeding Monitor coagulation studies Myopathy Muscle weakness Contraindicated among patients with liver disease dissolve clots Activates plasminogen that forms plasmin. nursing considerations gastrointestinal medication class prefix/suffix Mechanism of action Proton pump -zole inhibitor H2 receptor antagonist -dine -tidine reduce stomach acid Suppress the secretion of HCL promotes ulcer healing Blocks the action of histamine nursebossstore.com side effects nursing considerations Abdominal Pain Nausea, Vomiting Administer drug before meals Educate patient to not crush or chew Dizziness Drowsiness Headaches Antacid can decrease the absorption of cimetidine Gastrointestinal Medications Suppress nausea + vomiting by acting on the brain's control center to stop the nerve impulse. proton pump inhibitors Inhibits the acid producing pump from working in the stomach. Antiemetics: Laxatives: Laxatives promote bowel elimination . h2-blocker: Blocks the Antidiarrheal: action of Slows down peristalsis Decreases flow of fluid into bowels histamine, which produces Antacids: HCL Neutralizes secretion. stomach acids Anticholinergics: nursebossstore.com Antiflatulents an antifoaming agent to help with gas symptoms. (antispasmodics) help relieve symptoms of intestinal spasms in irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacology Review nursebossstore.com analgesics/antipyretic/NSAIDS/opioids medication class prefix/suffix Opioids NSAIDs Aspirin Acetaminophen -ONE -DONE -profen aspirin -aceta minophen side effects nursing considerations Respiratory depression Constipation Monitor respiratory status Antidote: nalaxone Nephrotoxic When used chronically, it can be nephrotoxic. Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandin + antiplatelet Bleeding Monitor for bleeding Contraindicated among children Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Hepatoxic Antidote acetylcysteine Mechanism of action pain relief Suppresses pain impulses. pain, inflammation, fever NSAIDs inhibits prostaglandin synthesis pain, inflammation, fever pain and fever antibiotics/antivirals medication class prefix/suffix Mechanism of action bacterial infection Sulfonamides sulfFluoro quinolones Penicillin Inhibit folic acid synthesis bacterial infection -FLOXACIN -cillin Interfere with DNA gryase needed by the bacteria bacterial infection Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis bacterial infection Cephalosporin CEPH-,CEF inhibit bacterial wall synthesis Website: nursebossstore.com side effects GI upset Photosensitivi ty Crystalluria nursing considerations Encourage fluid intake Use of sunscreen GI upset Photosensitivit y Risk: tendonitis Use of sunscreen GI upset: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abd pain History of med allergy Assess culture and sensitivity report GI upset Nephrotoxicity Superinfections History of med allergy Monitor for IV site thrombopheblitis Pharmacology Review antibiotics/antivirals medication class prefix/suffix Mechanism of action bacterial infection Tetracycline Aminoglycoside Antiviral -cycline Inhibits protein synthesis -inability for bacterial growth bacterial infection -mycin -vir Inhibit bacteria protein synthesis. treat viral infections Inhibiting different stages of viral replication. neurological medication class prefix/suffix Barbiturates -arbital Benzodiazepines -pam, -lam side effects nursing considerations GI upset/distrub ance Do not administer tetracycline to children under 8 Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Monitor renal and hepatic function Edu pt to report tinnitus GI upset/disturba nce Monitor renal function tests Ensure good hydration Website: nursebossstore.com Mechanism of action side effects nursing considerations anti-seizure Sedation, drowsiness Respiratory depression Sedation, drowsiness Respiratory depression Phenobarbital: 10-40 mcg/mL Monitor: liver and renal function test Antidote: flumazenil Pt education: Caution when performing activities that requires alertness Stimulates the inhibitory neurotransmitter system (GABA) in the brain. anti-seizure Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of GABA nursebossstore.com -PINE Cephalosporin CEF-, CEPH- -OPRAZOLE PPIs: -CILLIN Penicillin -FLOXACIN Quinolones: Macrolides -MYCIN -TIDINE H2 Receptor Antagonists GI -PROFEN NSAIDS SULFONAMIDES SULF- -VIR Antiviral ANTIVIRAL OPIOIDS -DONE PAIN -THIAZIDE Thiazide Diuretics @nursebossessentials ACE INHIBITORS LOOP DIURETICS -SEMIDE -PRIL ANTIBIOTICS Xantine -PHYLLINE @nursebossessentials statinS -STATIN ARBS -SARTAN RESP CC BLOCKERS CARDIO beta blockers -LOL CARDIOVASCULAR suffixes and prefixes nursebossstore.com antidote name: FLUMAZENIL name: BENZODIAZEPINES name: PROTAMINE antidote antidote name: ATROPINE antidote name: DIGOXIN medication name: INSULIN medication name: DIGIBIND antidote name: GLUCAGON antidote name: name: ACETAMINOPHEN ACETYLCYSTEINE medication antidote name: VIT K name: CHOLINERGICS medication name: NALAXONE antidote medication name: HEPARIN medication name: WAFARIN medication name: OPIOIDS medication medication and antidote nursebossstore.com pharmacology summary ANTICOLINERGICs: ANTICOLINERGICs: DIGOXIN: Metformin: Website: nursebossstore.com Patient won’t be able to spit, pee, poop, or see. (Dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision) DIGOXIN: Patient is at risk for toxicity when the patient is hypokalemic. Metformin: Do NOT administer metformin to a patient having a contrast dye. Metformin can cause acute renal failure. Beta Blockers: Beta Blockers: Non-selective Beta Blocker is contraindicated among asthmatic patients Antihypertensive: Antihypertensive:Educate patient about orthostatic hypotension. tPA: tPA: Monitor patient for signs of bleeding. pharmacology summary Insulin: Insulin: Statins: Tetracycline: Website: nursebossstore.com (RN), Draw up regular before drawing up NPH. Statins: Grapefruit is contraindicated among statins Tetracycline: Do not administer tetracycline at bed time as it may cause gastric reflux when the patient lies down. Antibiotics: Antibiotics: ASPIRIN: Dairy products should not be consumed when on Antibiotics ASPIRIN: Do NOT give Aspirin to children due to Reye Syndrome Lithium: Lithium: Do NOT make sudden changes to the salt in patient diet. It increases the risk for Lithium toxicity pharmacology summary MORPHINE: MORPHINE: NSAIDs: Dilantin: Website: nursebossstore.com Monitor respiratory status (may cause respiratory depression) NSAIDs: Contraindicated among patients with GI ulcers Dilantin: May cause gum hyperplasia. Rifampin: Rifampin: MAOIs: POTASSIUM: diuretics Turns urination orange. MAOIs: Do not give food with tyramine as it may cause hypertensive crisis. POTASSIUM: Never give potassium in IV push. diuretics Loop diuretics, watch for hypokalemia. K sparing diuretic, monitor for hyperkalemia. SHOP OUR NURSING ESSENTIALS All Nursing Classes Individually shop our nursing study guide. This includes Pharmacology, MedSurg, Fundamentals, Lab Values, Mother Baby, Pediatrics, and Mental Health CLICK HERE SHOP THE BUNDLE Save more when you get a bundle! 600+ pages of the most important nursing school topics! CLICK HERE Meet the Dr. Nurse Vicky Hey there Future Nurse! I'm Dr. Nurse Vicky, and I've teamed up with other PhD-prepared dr. Nurse Vicky nurses to create study guides you can rely on. Ready to level up your grades? Dive into our awesome nursing resources! 🚀 CLICK HERE
