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1.
Manifest Destiny
the belief (theory) that it was the right of the
United States to occupy all of America from Sea
to Shining Sea!
2.
Turner's Frontier Thesis
The Census of 1890 announced the official end
of the American Frontier (Frederick Jackson
Turner)
3.
The Civil War
this war between the states (CSA v. USA)
promoted the growth of industrialism in the
late 1800s (steel, railroads, communication,
weapons, mass production of pre-made goods)
4.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
railroad baron, a true symbol of the "Gilded
Age," known as the Commodore. A college in
Tennessee bears his name.
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5.
Andrew Carnegie
owned U.S. Steel and used Vertical integration
to monopolize the steel industry. Gave millions
to build libraries and schools.
6.
George Westinghouse
developed the air-braking system and alternating current - this allowed power to be sent over
long distances.
7.
George Pullman
the sleeping car made him a very wealthy man.
1894 Strike resulted in the death of 34 people.
8.
Alexander Graham Bell
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he invented the telephone and was a pioneer in
communication not only for the hearing, but for
the deaf and hearing impaired as well.
9.
Thomas Edison
the light bulb is his most famous invention, he
also invented the phonograph, and the first motion pictures.
10. John D. Rockefeller
owner of Standard Oil, he used Horizontal Integration to control the oil business
11. Gustavus Swift and Philip developed the food processing industry (meat
Armour
packing)
12. Social Darwinism-survival the belief that the strongest societies will surof the fittest
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lies and trusts. If a business is meant to survive
- it will. Laissez - Faire: government should keep
out of business limit regulations.
13. Whiskey Ring
distillers conspired with political parties to cheat
the U.S. Govt. out of millions of dollars of tax
revenue. Citizens would demand reform within
the government. Money was going to political
parties instead of where it should go.
14. Tammany Hall
political machine that controlled politics in NYC
in the late 1800s. Controlled by Boss William
Marcy Tweed who was exposed by the political
cartoons of Thomas Nast in Harpers Weekly.
Nast is the father of the symbols of political
parties, the modern image of Santa Claus.
15. Joseph Glidden
he invented barbed wire and brought an end to
the open range.
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16. Christopher Sholes
he invented the typewriter.
17. Milton Hershey
he made milk chocolate available to the world.
A Pennsylvania city bears his name.
18. Samuel F.B. Morse
he invented the telegraph.
19. J.P. Morgan
he was a wealthy banker - purchased Carnegie
Steel and created U.S. Steel.
20. Pendleton Civil Service
Act
attempt to stop patronage and political scandal,
required government employees to pass a Civil
Service Exam
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21. Interstate Commerce Act the first government attempt to regulate business. (1887) required railroads to charge fair
rates and to publish those shipping rates.
22. Populism
political movement for the common people. The
government should own the railroads. Bimetallism, workers should have an 8 hour workday
and better benefits. William Jennings Bryan Cross of Gold Speech
23. Gilded Age.
phrase coined by Mark Twain, describes time
period between 1865-1900, extravagant wealth
(top 5% held 86% of the nations wealth) terrible
poverty existed underneath the surface
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24. Dawes Act
an attempt by the US Government to Americanize the Native Americans. Divided reservations
into small family sized plots of land.
25. Immigration
people came to America to escape harsh conditions in their own countries. (Gold Rush, Religious Freedom, Jobs, Land)
26. Old Immigrants
protestants, lighter skin, lighter hair, lighter
eyes, came to America from Western Europe (Great Britain, Germany) in search of religious
freedom.
27. New Immigrants
immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe,
they did not speak English - primarily Catholic.
Came for opportunity - jobs, land.
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28. Nativism
feelings of hostility for immigrants. It favored
people or products that were American.
29. Jane Addams
created the Hull House to help the inner-city
poor. Provided health care, and education to
those in need.
30. Jacob Riis
photographer who showed the harsh conditions
in America's big cities during the Gilded Age.
Published a book titled How the Other Half
Lives.
31.
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Imperialism (Hawaii, Alas- We should spread the American culture to the
ka, Puerto Rico, Guam,
less fortunate. It would provide more jobs, supPhilippines
ply raw materials, and provide much needed
navy bases. It would also open up new markets
for businesses - a strong sense of nationalism.)
32. Spanish American War
(1898) Explosion of the USS Maine in Havana
Harbor, Battle of San Juan Hill - Teddy Roosevelt, the Philippines, Cuba, Yellow Fever, US
support of Imperialism.
33. Prohibition (18th Amend- illegal to manufacture, distribute, or possess
ment)
any type of alcoholic beverage (distilled spirits).
The Noble Experiment. Opened the door for
organized crime (Al Capone), bootleggers and
smuggling.
34. Panama Canal
President Teddy Roosevelt helped Panama
gain independence from Columbia (created a
revolution). The United States completed the
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job that France was unable to finish. This feat
greatly increased the power of the Navy by
linking the Atlantic and the Pacific. The distance
of travel (New York to San Francisco) was shortened by several thousand miles. The United
States would now control shipping in the Western Hemisphere.
35. Yellow Journalism
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
published sensational stories and used this
form of journalism to promote the Spanish-American War.
36. Interventionist (Hawks)
idea that the United States should get involved
in world affairs
37. Isolationist (Doves)
idea that the United States should avoid involvement in world affairs. The quote from
George Washington inspired this belief, "avoid
foreign entanglements.
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38. Suffrage Movement
(19th Amendment) Women gained the right to
vote with the passage in 1920. The Perfect 36,
at the time of passage, the number of states
was 48. 3/4ths of the states had to pass a
proposed amendment before it would be added
to the Constitution. Tennessee became the 36th
state to ratify the 19th Amendment.
39. Muckrakers
phrase coined by Teddy Roosevelt. Reporters
who discovered corruption within industry and
government organizations. Laws were created
and changed because of their work.
40. Ida Tarbell
reporter who exposed illegal actions committed
by the Standard Oil Company.
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41. Upton Sinclair
vegetarian activist who exposed the horrific
conditions in the meat packing plants of Chicago. His book, The Jungle, aimed to hit America
in the heart, but hit in the stomach instead. This
book led to the passage of the Meat Inspection
Act of 1906 and brought awareness to unsafe
practices.
42. Causes of the Great War
(ANIMAL)
Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism,
Anarchy, Leadership.
43. Charles Lindbergh
pilot who was the first to fly solo nonstop from
NYC to Paris. His plane, the Spirit of St. Louis,
now resides in the Smithsonian institute. The
flight took 33 and 1D2 hours! He became a folk
hero to America.
44. television
this became a centerpiece of the home in the
1920s. Shows like The Lone Ranger, The Shadow, Little Orphan Annie aired on this device.
President FDR used this as a means of communicating with the American public in what
became known as fireside chats.
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45. Causes / Reasons for the overspeculation in the stock market, crop failGreat Depression
ures, drought, too much credit - buying on time,
unemployment, bank failures, tariff barriers, uneven distribution of wealth - middle class very
small
46. Hoovervilles
shantytowns made from scrap material, wood,
metal, etc. Homeless people lived in these during the depression.
47. Hoover Flags
pockets turned inside out to protest the poor
economy.
48. Hoover Blankets
newspapers used to cover up with due to the
poor economy.
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49. The Bonus Army
veterans of the Great War (WW I) who marched
on Washington D.C. to demand the bonus
promised to them in 1945. In 1932 US troops
attacked this group and drove them out of the
capital.
50. Migration to California
many people traveled this famous highway to
California during the Great Depression. Many
were from Arkansas and Oklahoma. The spirit
of this group was captured in the classic book
The Grapes of Wrath. California was called
"The big rock candy mountain or the land of milk
and honey." The people were looking for hope.
(Okies and Arkies)
51. Dust Bowl
poor farming practices and a severe drought
led to horrible dust storms and left much of the
Southern Great Plains in despair.
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52. New Deal
(1933 - 1936) FDR's plan to end the Great Depression. 3 major goals were what FDR called
his 3 R's - Relief, Recovery and Reform. Many
were put back to work, but the Depression was
ended when America entered WW II.
53. Social Security
created by President Roosevelt's Second New
Deal. Provided a pension plan for retired citizens and those who were disabled.
54. WPA
this agency employed more people than any
other. Workers built roads, bridges, schools,
work progress administra- post offices and numerous other public buildtion
ings.
55. TVA
created by the New Deal to help with flood
control, provide jobs, and cheap hydro electric
Tennessee Valley Authori- power to a seven state area.
ty
56.
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FDIC
created by the New Deal to establish confidence in the nation's banks. The government
Federal Deposit Insurance would provide insurance for up to $5,000
Corporation
57. CCC
Civilian Conservation
Corps
young men from 18 to 25 were employed
to build parks, playgrounds, clear trails, build
dams, and plant trees. The site where Powell
High School sits was a camp for this agency
during the Great Depression.
also known as Roosevelt's
"tree army"
58. Rosie The Riveter
she became the symbol of the working woman
during World War II. Women were welders, machinists, fabricators, etc...
59. Fair Labor Standards Act this (1935) act gave workers the right to join labor unions. A minimum wage was established,
and the maximum hours that one could work.
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60. Bank Holiday
in an attempt to restore trust in the nation's
banks, FDR closed all banks for 4 days. Only
those banks that were solvent were allowed to
reopen. The closures of the banks coupled with
the creation of the FDIC were attempts to stop
runs on the banks.
61. Germany, Italy, and Japan The Axis powers during World War II. (remember they wanted to dance a JIG on the map of
the world!)
62. Great Britain, the Soviet Allied powers during World War II. (remember
Union, the United States, RUG) and France.
France
63. Manhattan Project
the secret project to build an atomic weapon.
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64. Hiroshima
Nagasaki
the two Japanese cities were destroyed on August 6, 1945 and August 9, 1945 by atomic bombs. The use of these weapons brought
about the surrender of Japan.
65. WWII
this brought women into the workforce, America
saw daycare for the first time ever, many people
moved to urban areas in search of employment,
African-Americans found work in factories.
66. GI Bill
One of the greatest pieces of legislation in
American history, this gave veterans the opportunity to go to school, get job training and
guaranteed home loans. It also provided loans
to those starting a business.
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67. Holocaust
The Final Solution - 6 million European Jews
and 5 million others would die in Concentration
Camps. (Genocide)
68. Executive Order 9066
(Japanese Internment
Camps)
per FDR this Executive Order would place more
than 100,000 Japanese Americans into Internment camps. Korematsu v. the United States
(1944) the Supreme Court agreed with FDR
that American citizens should be protected
from possible uprising. Finally, under President
Reagan in the 80s the government would apologize and make payments to survivors.
69. December 7, 1941
"Day of Infamy" December 7, 1941. Over 1,100
men died aboard the USS Arizona.
Pearl Harbor
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70. Battle of Midway
the turning point of the war in the Pacific, from
this point forward the Japanese would be on the
defensive.
71. North Africa 1943
Operation Torch - 1943, General Patton would
lead the Americans to victory and eventually
attack what Churchill called the "soft underbelly
of Europe."
72. D-Day June 6, 1944
Operation Overlord - June 6, 1944 the greatest
amphibious invasion in history to that point - A
second front designed to liberate Europe would
be opened.
73. VE Day
May 8, 1945 end of WWII in Europe
74. VJ Day
August 14, 1945 would become known as...
(the formal surrender of Japan would actually
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take place aboard the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945.
75. Containment
the United States policy designed to keep Communism from spreading after WW II.
76. domino theory
belief that if one nation fell to Communism, so
would those around it.
77. Communism
Karl Marx was the father of this type of government - ideally, it would create a classless
society.
78. Dixiecrats (Strom Thurmond)
Southern Democrats who opposed desegregation (Brown v. Board of Education 1954). Strom
Thurmond ran for President in 1948 as a mem21 / 54
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ber of this political party. Ironically, the symbol
of the party was the Statue of Liberty!
79. Korean War (The Forgotten War)"
(1950 - 1953) arguably the most brutal war
America has ever been involved in - temperatures in excess of - 40æ F. 54,000 Americans
would lose their lives in what became known
as "The Forgotten War." The USSR and China
would aid North Korea. At the conclusion of
fighting the country would remain divided at the
38th Parallel. The war has never officially ended. America still has troops there today. President Truman called this war "A Police Action.
80. Gulf of Tonkin
this resolution was passed by Congress giving
President Lyndon Johnson authority to escalate U.S. involvement in Vietnam after the USS
Maddox and USS Turner Joy were said to have
been fired on by North Vietnamese gun boats.
81. Vietnam War
58,000 Americans would lose their lives in
the first TV war. The United States wanted to
prevent communism from spreading to South
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Vietnam. Although America inflicted extremely
heavy casualties on the enemy, public opinion turned against the war. More bombs were
dropped here than on Germany, Japan, and
Korea combined.
82. Fidel Castro
Communist leader of Cuba who led a successful revolution in 1959. He declared Cuba would
become a Communist state. (90 miles from
Florida)
83. Germany
after WW II, this country was divided into West
& East. The West would be democratic and the
east would be communist. The city of Berlin
would also be divided.
84. Marshall Plan
The plan to rebuild Europe after WW II to avoid
the spread of communism. The U.S. spent billions in war torn countries. Secretary of State
George Marshall felt that stronger countries
could avoid falling to communism
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85. Truman Doctrine
A United States plan to help Greece and Turkey
avoid falling to communism. Within this doctrine, President Truman said America would aid
any free people (country) fighting against communism.
86. Berlin Wall
The Soviet Union built a concrete wall around
the Eastern communist controlled section of
Berlin. The wall became the ultimate symbol
of the Cold War. The purpose of the wall was
to keep people from escaping to the Western
(free) sector of Berlin.
87. Berlin Airlift
United States C-54 cargo planes transported
needed supplies into the city of Berlin after Stalin ordered the roadways and waterways into the
city sealed off. (food, fuel, medicine, etc.)
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88. NATO
Military alliance formed by the United States
and allies to provide security in the event of an
attack by the USSR.
89. Warsaw Pact
Military alliance formed by the USSR with other
communist countries from Eastern Europe.
90. Bay of Pigs
Cuban exiles in the United States were trained
by the CIA to overthrow Fidel Castro and
his communist regime. President Kennedy's
biggest failure - at the last moment JFK called
back the air support and the mission failed. It
was an embarrassment for the US.
91. Cuban Missile Crisis
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Brinkmanship - (I called it nuclear chicken!)
(1962) U2 spy planes took photographs of Soviet nuclear missiles being placed in Cuba. JFK
authorized a naval blockade around Cuba and
demanded the missiles be dismantled and removed. The USSR pledged to remove the missiles - the United States removed missiles from
Turkey and promised not to invade Cuba.
92. McCarthyism
Senator Joseph McCarthy (1950s) fear of Communism - he used fear to gain political power. His tactics destroyed many lives. President
Truman announces a plan to investigate Federal Employees for connections to communism.
Senator John F. Kennedy challenged McCarthy
and his tactics.
93. space race
the first artificial satellite was launched by the
USSR on October 4, 1957. As a result the
United States began to emphasize science and
math in education. NASA was formed.
94. Mercury
The plan to put a man into space (United
States). John Glenn became the first American
to orbit the earth.
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95. Apollo
The bold project to put a man on the moon proposed by JFK. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
became the first men to walk on the moon. "One
small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."
96. Levitt
he became the father of the suburbs when
he transformed a New Jersey potato farm
into the largest neighborhood in the United
States. Used mass production techniques to
build houses. (Levittown)
97. baby boom
period of time after WW II until the early 1960s,
millions of babies were born in the United
States.
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98. Rock N Roll
name for the popular form of music that teens
were listening to in the 1950s.
99. Elvis Presley
"the King of Rock n' Roll" appeared on the
Ed Sullivan show in 1955. He recorded at
Sun Records. Honorably served in the Army
when he was drafted. Home in a former church
(Graceland) located in Memphis, Tennessee.
100. counter culture
"Tune in, Turn on, Drop Out," was a common phrase of this movement. Beatniks, Hippies, Flowerchildren. Became popular during
the Vietnam War. Huge party at Woodstock, NY
in the Summer of 1969.
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101. Plessy vs Ferguson
(1896) Supreme Court decision that created the "separate but equal" doctrine. As a
result many states across the South had
"Jim Crow Laws." Separate water fountains,
restrooms, entrances, segregated seating at
movie theatres, etc. Most importantly, segregated schools.
102. Brown vs Board of Educa- (1954) Supreme Court decision overturned
tion
Plessy v. Ferguson. Supreme Court ruled that
all public schools should be desegregated with
all deliberate speed. "Separate can never be
equal."
103. Miranda v. Arizona
(1966) Supreme Court decision - a suspect
must be made aware of his or her rights when
arrested. "You have the right to remain silent,
anything you say can and will be used against
you in a court of law..."
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104. Gideon v. Wainwright
(1963) Supreme Court decision - ruled that
every defendant in a criminal case must be
provided an attorney if they cannot afford it.
105. Roe v. Wade
(1973) Supreme Court decision that gave
women the right to choose.
106. Engel v. Vitale
(1962) Supreme Court decision that made
prayer led by school officials illegal.
107. Little Rock 9
(1957) Central High School in Little Rock,
Arkansas. Nine African-American students became the first to attend. Ernest Green was the
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first to graduate. The 101st Airborne had to be
sent in to escort the students to class.
108. James Meredith
(1962) he became the 1st African-American to
attend Ole Miss. Air Force veteran.
109. Rosa Parks
the Montgomery Bus Boycott began in 1955
after she refused to give up her seat. Dr. Martin
Luther King, Jr. became the leader of the boycott.
110. Civil Rights Act of 1964
(1964) This act ended legal segregation in all
aspects of society. Senator Albert Gore, Sr.
pushed for Civil Rights (Tennessee Senator
who refused to sign the Southern Manifesto)
111. Voting Rights Act of 1965 the federal government was given the power to
force local officials to allow African-Americans
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the right to vote. (literacy tests, poll taxes and
grandfather clauses were made illegal)
112. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr
leader of the Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC) believed in non-violent civil
disobedience. Most famous speech, "I have a
dream." James Earl Ray assassinated him in
1968 in Memphis, Tennessee.
113. Malcolm X
He wrote a book -- By Any Means Necessary
"You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has
his freedom." Black Muslim leader who was
assassinated by members of his own group.
Believed differently than Dr. King believed in
physical violence if necessary. (Nation of Islam)
114. Stokely Carmichael
Civil Rights leader who coined the phrase
"Black Power." Leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and later the
Black Panthers.
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115. Betty Friedan.
She wrote, "The Feminine Mystique." Feminist
leader who believed women could make it in a
man's world
116. Richard Nixon
Began a period of Detente in the Cold War.1st
President to travel to China, 1st to travel to
Russia, only President to resign from office.
117. Woodward & Bernstein
Washington Post reporters who broke the Watergate story and brought down President
Nixon.
118. Sam Ervin
Texas Senator who headed up the Senate
Committee investigating Watergate.
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119. plumbers
Group working for President Nixon to fix "leaks"
coming out of the White House.
120. Ronald Reagan
The Great Communicator (1981-1989) He led
America to victory in the Cold War, oversaw
the largest non-war military buildup in history.
Believed in trickle down economics, tax breaks
to business - economic growth. He reduced
the size of government through Deregulation Reaganomics. John Hinckley attempted to assassinate him in 1981.
121. Sam Walton
founded Wal-Mart and Sam's Club. Bought
in extremely large quantities and sold at low
prices. (Discount Stores
122. Dell
largest manufacturer of computers.
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123. Lee Iacocca
father of the Ford Mustang and the Chrysler
Minivan! CEO of Chrysler. Saved Chrysler from
collapse. He paid back the money Chrysler borrowed from the government. "If you can find a
better car, buy it."
124. Donald Trump
multi-millionaire who made his fortune in the
real-estate business. Tried to copyright the
phrase, "You're Fired!" Started the USFL a football league that played in the Spring. He fought
the NCAA so that Jrs. Could come out of school
to play professional football.
125. Bill Gates
father of Microsoft, the wealthiest man in America.
126. Steve Jobs
computer industry giant who started Apple
Computers, Macintosh, I-Phone, etc.
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127. Ray Kroc
the father of McDonalds. He purchased the
rights from the McDonald brothers and spread
the restaurant world wide.
128. Interstate Highway Act
President Eisenhower brought this idea from
Germany to the United States, originally it was
designed for military purposes - quick evacuation of the cities in the event of a nuclear attack.
This act transformed America.
129. Jeff Bezos
founded the largest online book seller in the
world. Amazon.com
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130. African-American leader
Booker T. Washington
founded the Tuskeegee Institute an all black
farming college. He believed that African-Americans would gain economic equality before they
would gain social equality. He was the first
African-American to dine at the White House
(Invited by Teddy Roosevelt)
131. W.E.B. DuBois
founded the NAACP (National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People) believed
that African-Americans should fight for equality
and demand respect.
132. Marcus Garvey
African-American who founded the "Back to
Africa" movement.
133. Langston Hughes
(Harlem Renaissance) African-American author who wrote Not Without Laughter and The
Weary Blues.
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134. Trusts
a combination of large companies form an alliance to squeeze out competition. The companies used money to influence members of the
US Senate. This led to the passage of the 16th
Amendment (Direct election of Senators)
135. Indian Reorganization Act new laws established a new form of govof 1934
ernment within Indian reservations. Individual
tribes were now able to govern themselves.
Native Americans could leave the reservation
and still retain identity.
136. SEATO (Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization)
formed in 1954. Provided to less fortunate
countries in the area and promised military support if needed. An effort to stop Communism
from spreading in Southeast Asia.
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137. Operation Desert Storm
Saddam Hussein (Iraq) invaded the oil rich
country of Kuwait. President Bush (41) organized a US led coalition to drive Iraq out of
Kuwait by military force. Started January 16,
1991.
138. George H. W. Bush
President with one of the most impressive resumes in American history, (8 yrs. VP, Director of the CIA, RNC Chair, WW II Navy pilot,
etc, etc..). Elected President in 1988 - defeated
Michael Dukakis. Saw victory in Desert Shield
/ Storm, and the end of the Cold War. Had the
resume, but didn't have the charisma. Lost the
Presidency to Bill Clinton in 1992 election. The
92 election pitted him against Clinton (D) and
Perot (I). Clinton benefited from the 3 way race
winning the Presidency with only 43% of the
vote.
139. Bill Clinton
won the Presidential election in both 1992 and
1996 but did not reach the 50% mark in either
election. Ross Perot helped him win in 1992
by taking votes from George H. W. Bush. In
1996 he won in yet another 3 way race against
Perot (I) and Dole (R). Benefited from a period
of great economic growth. His time in office
was rocked by 2 scandals - Whitewater and
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Monica Lewinsky. Became the 2nd President to
be impeached.
140. George W. Bush
elected President in one of the closest elections
in history (2000). He defeated Al Gore (D) in the
Electoral College, but lost the popular vote. The
state of Florida played a critical role in deciding
the outcome. The Supreme Court decision in
Bush v. Gore brought the 36 day fight for Florida's 25 Electoral votes to an end. He won the
Electoral College 271 to 266.
141. Sept 11
this day saw the loss of more than 3,000 American lives, the destruction of the World Trade
Center, and damage to the Pentagon. The heroic action of passengers aboard flight 93 saved
the US Capitol possible destruction.
142. Al Qaeda
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Terrorist group responsible for the horrific
events of September 11, 2001 - led by Osama
Bin Laden.
143. Operation Iraqi Freedom
name of the military operation in Iraq. Saddam
Hussein was overthrown, yet the weapons of
mass destruction were never found.
144. Afghanistan
this country has been a safe haven for terrorists
like Bin Laden. The Taliban government sponsored terrorist training camps and suppressed
the people of this country. In response to September 11, 2001, President Bush (43) ordered
the invasion of this country.
145. Barack Obama
1st African-American to be elected President, he defeated Sen. John McCain in 2008.
"Yes We Can." "Change We Can Believe In."
Pledged to have the most transparent administration in American history and to reform health
care.
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146. Plessy v Ferguson
Court case that established "separate but
equal" laws
147. Jim Crow laws
"Separate but Equal"/unfair laws
148. Theodore Roosevelt
Great US president who established national
parks and conservation
149. Chinese Exclusion Act
Banned all Chinese immigrants
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150. 18th Amendment
Outlawed alcohol (prohibition)
151. 19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote (suffrage)
152. Henry Ford
Inventor of Model T automobile and mass production/assembly line
153. Great Depression
Causes of_________ were overproduction,
Underconsumption, stock market speculation
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154. Dust Bowl
Caused by over farming in 1930s
155. Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941; Japanese attack on America; reason for US entry into WWII
156. Internment Camps
Where Japanese Americans were placed after
Pearl Harbor attack
157. Lend-Lease Program
US policy to lend weapons to Allied nations
during WWII
158. Reasons US entered WWI
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German unrestricted sub warfare; Zimmerman
note
159. Thomas Edison
America's greatest inventor-light bulb, phonograph, motion picture
160. Ellis Island
Location of immigrant inspection in N.Y.
161. Harlem Renaissance
Flowering of Africa American art/achievement
(Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong, etc)
162. Hoovervilles
Makeshift shacks where those suffering from
the depression lived
163. Assimilation
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process by which minority group gradually
adopts the culture of the majority group
164. Imperialism
the policy of extending a nation's power by gaining territories fro a colonial empire
165. Isolationism
a policy in which a nation avoids entanglements
in foreign wars
166. Ghost Dance
A ritual the Sioux performed to bring back the
buffalo and return the Native American tribes to
their land.
167. Homestead Act
1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone
willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.
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168. Populism
a late 19th century political movement demanding that people have a greater voice in government and seeking to advance the interests of
farmers and laborers
169. bimetallism
the use of both gold and silver as a basis for a
national monetary system
170. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
First federal action against monopolies, it was
signed into law by Harrison and was extensively
used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting.
Intended to prevent the creation of monopolies
by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade, However, it was initially
misused against labor unions
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171. Federal Reserve Act
a 1913 law passed by Wilson that set up a
system of federal banks and gave government
the power to control the money supply
172. Eugene V. Debs
(1855-1926) Leader of the American Railway
Union and supporter of the Pullman strike; he
was the Socialist Party candidate for president
ve times.
173. Pullman Strike
an 1894 railway workers' strike for higher wages
that was broken by federal troops, in which
President Grover Cleveland issued an injunction. weakened the labor movement
174. Progressivism
(1) protect social welfare (2) create economic
reform (3) promote moral improvement (4) fostering efficiency
goals of _______________
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175. initiative
a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers
176. referendum
process by which people vote directly on a bill
177. Imperialism
Desire for military strength. Desires for raw materials/new markets. The U.S needed to expand
it's market due to a surplus of goods. Belief in
cultural superiority.
causes of _________________
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178. Bull Moose Party
Nickname for the new Progressive Party, which
was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912, The party wanted tariff reduction,
women's suffrage, higher corporate regulation
and a child labor ban, a federal compensation
for workers, and several other platforms.
179. W.E.B. Du Bois
African American who believed Blacks should
fight segregation; pushed for higher education
opportunities for Blacks to achieve economic
independence; helped to found the NAACP
180. Pure Food and Drug Act
Halted the sale of contaminated foods and
medicines and called for truth in labeling
181. 16th Amendment
gave congress the power to tax people's incomes
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182. 17th Amendment
Progressive measure that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by the people rather
than by state legislatures
183. 18th Amendment
prohibition- Banned the manufacture, sale, and
transportation of alcohol
184. 19th Amendment
granted women the right to vote in 1920,
women's suffrage
185. NAACP
founded in 1909 to work for racial equality, led
by W.E.B. Debois
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186. suffrage
The right to vote
187. What major change
People depended on the government.
ocurred as a result of the
Depression?
188. bankers during Predepression
They had no money to give to people when they
wanted to withdraw money.
189. Buying stocks on margin the main factor in over speculation and the
(credit)
crash of the stock market in 1929
190. Scopes Trial
Proven guilty and was fined $100, it is still illegal
to teach evolution in schools
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191. Sacco and Vanzetti
They were blamed for robbing a shop, and
they were immigrants and convicted and put to
death.
192. Lusitania
Changed US view on WWI
193. Ida Tarbell
muckraker use her skills as a writer and researcher to try and expose as being ruthlessStandard Oil Trust/Company
194. Native Americans
where affected by the western expansion. Railroad tracks took over their land and killed the
buffalo supply
195. Battle of Wounded Knee
Massacre of Sioux Indians by US soldiers
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