Name __________________________________________ Date ________________________________ Period _________
STUDY GUIDE: ECOLOGY
Matching:
a. Biosphere
c. species
e. biome
g. population
b. Community
d. ecosystem
f. ecology
__f___ 1. Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment
__a___2. All life within the hydrosphere, geosphere (lithosphere), and atmosphere
__c___3. Arctic foxes that breed and produce offspring
__g___4. All the Crape Myrtle trees in the front of the school
__b___5. All the Crape Myrtle trees, grasshoppers, hawks, mice and ants living around the school
__d___6. All the Crape Myrtle trees, grasshoppers, hawks, mice and ants living around the school interacting with the
soil, water, sunlight and air
__e___7. All the Rainforests of the world
8. Draw a food chain or web listing animals. Then, place one of the following terms under each organism. Note: some
terms may be used more than once on the same organism, but there must be enough organisms to represent all of
the words below!
Sun→leaves→worms→birds→snakes→posum→human→fungi
9. In the food chain/web above, what organism would have the MOST energy? Which would have the LEAST?
The sun has the most energy in the food web.
10. For each situation below, underline the abiotic factor(s) and highlight the biotic factor(s)
a. Elephant drinking water from a pond
c. A wasp stinging a human
b. Bushes thriving in fertile soil
d. Wind blowing the leaves off of a tree
Define:
11.
Biodiversity
variety of life in habitat
12.
Trophic Level
levels in food chain
13.
Niche
specialized selection of population
14.
Habitat
place in nature that a group of organisms live
15. Using the below energy pyramid as a guide, assume that the autotroph (1) in your pyramid contains 3, 500, 000 kJ of
energy, how much energy would trophic level 5 have? 350 kJ
16. The statements below have parenthesis with choices. For each, circle the correct term:
a. In nature energy is (released, recycled) and matter is (released, recycled)
b. In any ecosystem the 1st trophic level has the (least, most) energy and the (least, most) biomass
c. A lion lives in a den; this is his (habitat, niche). This particular lion is in charge of hunting for the pride; this is
his (habitat, niche)
17. Choose of for each of the following scenarios: (a) mutualism
(b) commensalism
(c) parasitism
__a___i. Lichen is the name for an organism that is the result of a fungus and algae living closely with one another. The algae provides oxygen and
food for the fungus. The fungus provides nutrients and CO2 for the algae.
__b___ii. Cattle Egrets are birds that forage in fields among cattle or other livestock. As cattle, horses, and other livestock graze on the field, they
cause movements that stir up various insects. As the insects are stirred up, the Cattle egrets following the livestock catch and feed upon
them. The egrets benefit from this relationship because the livestock have helped them find their meals, while the livestock are typically
unaffected by it.
__c___iii. A fungus that grows on the skin uses the nutrients of the skin cells which eventually destroys the skin tissue.
__a___iv. A bacterium named Rhizobium lives on the roots of bean plants and provided them with a constant source of usable nitrogen. The plants
cannot use the nitrogen gas in the air, but the bacteria convert it into nitrate, which the plant readily uses. The plants, in turn, provide the
underground bacteria with a constant supply of energy from the products of photosynthesis.
Biogeochemical cycles
18. Match the diagram to its title. Then use the
diagrams to answer the questions that follow:
__c___H2O Cycle
__b___ Nitrogen Cycle
__d___ Carbon Cycle
__a___ Phosphorus Cycle
__b___ i. Nitrogen gets into living things through nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere by bacteria. Nitrogen is
important for living things because it _____.
a. is part of DNA and amino acids b. makes up cell membranes
c. makes up bones
__a___ii. Water vapor moving into the atmosphere from plants.
a. transpiration b. precipitation c. condensation d. photolysis
__b___ iii. Carbon enters the abiotic parts of the ecosystem to the biotic parts through _____.
a. photosynthesis b. cell respiration c. burning of fossil fuels d. evaporation
__a___iv. Phosphorous is important for living things because it _____.
a. is part of DNA and cell membranes
b. makes up sugars
c. is used to dissolve substances
20. Succession: Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow:
i. Which type of succession is shown in the diagram above? __secondary_____________________
ii. How do you know? already soil present
iii. What does the term climax community mean? Is it seen in the diagram
the far right, most the environment can hold
21. Biomes: Fill in the chart below…be detailed & thorough! You can use this on your test!
Biome
Climate
Plant
(list some and describe how they have
adapted to the environment)
Desert
Grassland
(Chaparral
& Steppe)
Animals
(list some and describe how they have
adapted to the environment)
arid
cactus(cool water system)
big eared mouse(cool its blood through
its big ears)
camel(moving cactus)
dry
tall grass(bendy and flexible for wind)
Rabbit(hide in grass)
evergreen(make nutrients in cold
seasons)
caribu(blend in with environment)
harsh climate,
Tiaga
cold
(coniferous)
Temperate
Forest
Tropical
Rain Forest
cool temperate
most plants(mild winters)
Human(comfortable climate accessible
prey)
hot, humd, wet
tree(tall with large canopies for sunlight)
sloths(hang in trees)
COLD
only small shrubs ( bloom in summer)
Fox(white fur in winter)
Tundra
22. Name the biome in which Georgia belongs? ___deciduous _________________________________________
23. Choose 3 animal adaptations (including at least one behavior) and describe how each allows the animal to live
withstand stressful environmental conditions.
i.sloth(take a crap once a week to avoid predators and stay in the trees)
ii.bears(sleep for half the year)
iii.tortoise(pee all its water to move faster to avoid predator)