VERBS
What is a verb?
Verbs are words that show
an action:
Mr. Fromwiller hopped, skipped, and ran
down the street.

a state of being:

His name is Austin. He has 3 brothers.
An occurrence/happening:


Snow glistened on the tree tops.
The blackout occurred after midnight.
Verbs
 You CAN NOT have a complete sentence
without a verb.
 Every sentence must have subject and a
predicate (or verb):
 Example:
 Will ran.
 Subject- Will
 Predicate (verb) - Ran
 She ate.
 Subject Predicate (verb) Sarah drove.
 Subject Predicate (verb)-
Action Verbs
 An action verb names an action OR something
that is happening in the sentence. It may contain
more that one word.
 Example:
 Mrs. Miller has visited South Africa.
 An action verb is often followed by a noun that
receives the action of the verb. This noun is call
the direct object.
 What is the direct object in the sentence
above? ______________________
The words below are action
verbs:
cough
ride
ate
asleep
sang
ran
Insert the word “to” in front of the verb
to test if it is an action. If it shows action
using “to” then it is an action verb.
ActionVerbs
 Circle the action verbs in the following
paragraph:
 Sports experts write about the football
player Jim Thorpe even today. Thorpe
blocked like a tank. He tackled like a
tornado. In every game Thorpe attacked
his opponents with all his might. He caught
the ball skillfully and charged ahead
fearlessly. Experts still remember and honor
Thorpe’s greatness.
Action Verbs
 How did we do?
Check your work.
 Sports experts write about the football
player Jim Thorpe even today. Thorpe
blocked like a tank. He tackled like a
tornado. In every game Thorpe attacked
his opponents with all his might. He caught
the ball skillfully and charged ahead
fearlessly. Experts still remember and honor
Thorpe’s greatness.
Transitive Verbs
 Not all action verbs take direct objects.
 Transitive verbs have direct objects.
 Direct objects receive the action of a verb. It answers
the question whom? or what? after an action verb.
Action Verb
what?
Direct Object
The cross country team runs the race.
Intransitive Verbs
 If an action verb does not have a direct
object then the verb is intransitive.
Action Verb
Mr. Burns sings well.
In the above sentence , well does not answer
the question whom? or what?. Therefore the
verb is intransitive.
Intransitive or transitive?
Which sentence uses the action verb read
as intransitive? Which sentence uses read
as transitive?
 Mrs. O’Toole read a book about science.
 Mrs. O’Toole read in a great hurry.
Intransitive or Transitive?
 Mrs. O’Toole read a book about science.
 TRANSITIVE
 Read what
 a book
 Mrs. O’Toole read in a great hurry.
 Intransitive
 Does not answer what? Or whom?
 No Direct object.
DAY 1 Activity
 Using newspaper articles from The
Chagrin Valley Times, look for sentence
examples that contain an action verb
and a direct object. Highlight the action
verb and underline the direct object. Cut
out the sentence and glue to
construction paper. Find 5 sentences in
class and complete 5 for homework.
Indirect Objects
 A direct object answers the question
whom? Or what?
 An indirect object is a noun or pronoun
that answers the question to whom? Or
for whom? the action was done.
subj.
action verb
direct obj.
Mrs. Cingcade brought donuts.
subj.
action verb
indirect obj direct obj.
Mrs. Miller brought me donuts.
Indirect Objects
 Indirect Objects appear only in sentences
that have a direct object.
CLUES to help you find indirect objects
 The indirect object always comes before the
direct object
 If you add the word for or to in front of the
indirect object, the sentence still makes sense.
 Example:
 Sarah brought her friends cupcakes.
 Sarah brought cupcakes for her friends.
subject
action verb
indirect object
direct object
Mrs. Horn showed the class her new glasses.
Mrs. Horn showed her new glasses to whom?
Mr. Miller gave Mr. Malloy
a pizza.
Mr. Miller gave a pizza to whom?
It’s important to remember:
 You can never have an indirect object
without a direct object
BUT……
 You CAN have a direct object without
and indirect object
Activity Day 2
We will complete page 10
together. Homework will be
worksheet page 11.
Linking Verbs and Predicate Words
 A linking verb connects or links
the
subject of a sentence with a noun or
adjective in the predicate.
 Mr. Okeafer is a teacher.
LINKING VERB
IS connects Mr. Okeafer (subject) to
teacher(noun in the predicate).
Linking Verbs
Examples:
 Mr. Fender became the assistant
principal.
 Became connects the subject Mr. Fender
to what?
 Predicate Noun: Assistant Principal
 Elijah is eleven years old.
 Is connects the subject Elijah to what?
 Predicate adjective: Eleven
Linking Verbs
 The most common linking verb is the verb to be.
 Other common linking verbs are forms of:
 to become
 to seem
 to appear
 to look
 to feel
 to sound
 to taste
 to smell
 to grow
Linking Verbs
 BE CAREFUL!!!
 Some linking verbs can also be used as action verbs.
 EXAMPLES:
 Mrs. Cingcade grows tired.
 LINKING VERB
 Grows in this sentence shows a state of being
 Mrs. Cingcade grows tomatoes.
 ACTION VERB
 Grows in the second example shows an action or something
happening  to grow.
Linking Verbs and Predicate Words
 A predicate noun is a noun (person,
place, or thing) that follows a linking verb
and tells what the subject is.
 A predicate adjective is an adjective
(describing word) that follows a linking
verb and tells what the subject is like.
Predicate Nouns & Adjectives
 Predicate Noun:
 United States is a country.
 Predicate Adjective:
 United States is scenic.
Linking Verb Song
(To the Tune of London Bridges Falling
Down)
Am, are, is, was, were (and) be
Forms of be
Forms of be
Taste, smell, sound, seem, look, feel, say
Become, grow, appear, remain
Day 3 Activity
 Linking verbs
Present, Past, and Future
Tenses
 A verb changes its form to show tense
and to agree with its subject.
 The tense of a verb tells when the action
takes place.
Present Tense
 The present tense
of a verb names an
action that happens regulary or is
happening at this moment.
 You usually form the present tense by
adding –s to the base form.
 Some may end in –es or –ies
sleeps
splashes
cries
Present Tense Forms
Singular
Plural.
I visit.
We visit.
You visit.
You visit.
He, she, or it visits.
They visit.
Past and Future Tense
 The past tense of a verb names an action
that already happened.
 Form the past tense of most verbs by
adding –ed to the base form of the verb.
 Some may end in –d or -ied
 EXAMPLE:
 The people in the town constructed the
schools.
clapped
played
tried
Past and Future Tense
 The future tense
of a verb names an
action that will take place in the future.
 Form the future tense by adding the
helping verb will or shall to the base form of
the verb.
 EXAMPLE:
 Many 8th graders will go to Washington,
D.C. this year.
Activity Day 4
 Watch Video to review
 Do Activity
Main Verbs and Helping
Verbs
 Verbs have four principal parts.
The chart
below shows the principal parts of the
verb learn
Base Form
Present
Participle
Past Form
Past
Participle
Learn
Learning
Learned
Learned
 The principal parts of a verb can be
combined with helping verbs to form verb
phrases.
Main Verbs and Helping
Verbs
 A helping verb is a verb that helps the main
verb tell about an action or make a statement.
 It helps tell when the action is taking place
 You will only have a helping verb when there is
an action verb in the sentence that it is paired
with in a phrase.
 A verb phrase consists of one or more helping
verbs followed by the main verb (action verb)
Main Verbs and Helping
Verbs
 The most common helping verbs are be and have.
The
helping verb be makes a verb phrase with the present
participle of a main verb.
Be and the Present Participle
Present
Past
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
I am learning.
We are learning.
I was learning,
We were learning.
You are learning.
You are learning.
You were learning.
You were learning.
She is learning.
They are learning
He was learning.
They were learning.
Main Verbs and Helping
Verbs
 The helping verb have
makes a verb phrase with the
past participle of the main verb.
Have and the Past Participle
Present
Past
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
I have learned.
We have learned.
We have learned.
We had learned.
You have learned.
You have learned.
You had learned.
You had learned.
She has learned.
They have learned.
He had learned.
They had learned
Main Verbs and Helping
Verbs
 Day 5 Activity
Present and Past Progressive
Forms
 The present tense of a verb names an
action that occurs regularly. To describe
an action that is continuing, use the
present progressive form of the verb.
 The present progressive form of a verb
tells about an action that is continuing
right now.
Example:
The students are listening to a story.
Present and Past Progressive
Forms
 The present progressive form of a verb
consists of the present participle of the
main verb and the helping verb am, are,
or is.
Present Progressive Form
Singular
Plural
I am singing.
We are singing.
You are singing.
You are singing.
He, she, or it is singing.
They are singing.
Present and Past Progressive
Forms
 The past tense describes an action that was
started and completed in the past. To
describe an action going on some time in the
past, use the past progressive form.
 The past progressive form of a verb names an
action that continued for some time in the
past.
Example:
The girls were singing a Justin Bieber song.
Present and Past Progressive
Forms
 The past progressive
form of a verb
consists of the present participle and the
helping verb was or were.
Past Progressive Form
Singular
Plural
I was singing.
We were singing.
You were singing.
You were singing.
He, she, or it was singing.
They were singing.
Present and Past Progressive
Forms
 Day 6 activity
Perfect Tenses
 The present perfect tense of a verb tells about
something that happened at an indefinite time in
the past.
 It also tells about an action that happened in the
past and is still happening now.
Example:
Matt has collected baseball cards for years.
*In this sentence, Matt began collecting baseball
cards sometime in the past and still collects it.
Perfect Tenses
 The present perfect tense
of a verb
consists of the helping verb have or has
followed by the past participle of the
main verb.
Present Progressive Form
Singular
Plural
I have collected.
We have collected.
You have collected.
You have collected.
He, she, or it has collected.
They have collected.
Perfect Tenses
 The past perfect tense
of a verb names an action
that happened before another action or event in
the past.
Example:
Before her last birthday, Samantha had collected only
movies.
*In this sentence, Samantha started and finished
collecting movies before another event that also
occurred in the past, her last birthday.*
Perfect Tenses
 The past perfect tense of a verb consists of
the helping verb had and the past
participle of the main verb.
Present Progressive Form
Singular
Plural
I had started.
We had started.
You had started.
You had started.
He, she, or it had started.
They had started.
Perfect Tenses
 Day 7 Activity
Irregular Verbs
 Irregular verbs do not form their past and
past participle by adding the ending –ed.
 The irregular verbs are grouped
according to how their past and past
participle are formed.
 See next slide
Irregular Verbs
Pattern
Base Form
Past Form
Past Participle
One vowel
changes to
form the past
and past and
the participle
begin, drink,
ring, shrink,
sing, spring,
swim
began, drank,
rang, shrank or
shrunk, sang,
sprang or sprung,
swam
begun, drunk,
rung, shrunk,
sung, sprung,
swum
The past form
and the past
participle are
the same.
bring, buy
catch, feel
get, keep,
lay, lead,
leave, lend
lose, make
pay, say
seek, sell
sit, sleep
swing, teach
think, win
brought, bought
caught, felt
got, kept
laid, led
left, lent
lost, made,
paid, said
sought, sold
sat, slept
swung, taught
thought, won
brought, bought
caught, felt
got/gotten, kept
laid, led
left, lent
lost, made
paid, said
sought, sold
sat, slept
swung, taught
thought, won
Irregular Verbs
 Day 8 activity
More Irregular Verbs
Pattern
Base Form
Past Form
Past Participle
The base form
and the past
participle are
the same
become
come
run
became
came
ran
become
come
run
The past form
ends in –ew
and the past
participle ends
in -wn
blow
draw
fly
grow
know
throw
blew
drew
flew
grew
knew
threw
blown
drawn
flown
grown
known
thrown
The past
participle ends
in -en
bite, break
choose, drive
eat, fall
give, ride
rise, see
speak, steal
take, write
bit, broke
chose, drove
ate, fell
gave, rode
rose, saw
spoke, stole
took, wrote
bitten/bit, broken
chosen, driven
eaten, fallen
given, ridden
risen, seen
spoken, stolen
taken, written
More Irregular Verbs cont.
Pattern
Base Form
Past Form
Past Participle
The past form
and the past
participle do
not follow any
pattern
be (am, are, is)
do
go
tear
wear
was, were
did
went
tore
wore
been
done
gone
torn
worn
The base
form, past
form, and
past
participle are
all the same
burst
cut
let
put
burst
cut
let
put
burst
cut
let
put
More Irregular Verbs
 Day 9 activity