1
3DS_Document_2015
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PCBC training
Version 6.8.3
June, 2019
Daniel Villa
Director
Caving Business Unit
Agenda
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 Introduction
 Gems project creation
 Block model preparation
 Advanced profile settings
 Input and output sheets in Excel
 PCBC Modeling
 Setup PCBC workspace
 Block Caving Model
 Selection options
 Slice file construction
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Agenda (PCBC)
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 Mixing Model
 Introduction about Mixing algorithm
 Pre-vertical Mixing
 Sequence definition
 Toppling
 Production rate curves definition
 Sequential mixing
 Draw point Status
 Template mixing
 Development rates
 Best Height of Draw
 Production Target
 Economic parameters
 Calculate economic value
 Buckets
 Transfer data from Excel to PCBC
 Edit and display Bucket
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 Production Schedule
 Draw Method
 Reports from Production schedule
 Playback
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General Setup
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Create a New Project
File → New → Project
5
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Create a New Project…
6
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Preliminary definition
1. Grade Elements
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Format  Other Profiles  Grade Names
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Preliminary definition
2.
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Rock Code
Format  Other Profiles  Rock Codes
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Create workspaces for PCBC
Workspace  Create or Modify a workspace
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Editing a workspace
10
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Working with Block Model
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Create new block model workspace
12
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Block Model Geometry
13
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Open a block model
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Save changes in the block model
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Create new attributes in the block model
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Import data
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 Using block model tools
 Using simple tool from PCBC
 Importing BLK files (Gems format)
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Importing block model from Ascii file
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Import block model information
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Import data using simple tool from PCBC
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 This is a quick option to import data into the block model even when the file is
bigger than 2Gb
1.
Create an advanced profile
2.
Use the simple tool
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Create advance profile to import block model data
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1.
Generate advanced profile IBM
2.
Scan the asci file
3.
Change inputs in Excel and the
Adv. Profile
4.
Import data
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Scan the asci file
22
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Scan the asci file (2)
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Create block model variables using Excel
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1.
Define variables to add in Excel
2.
Import these new variables in the block model
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Import these new variables in the block model
 Turn off the option to SCAN_ONLY
25
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Import report
 It took 3min to
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import 11.28M
lines
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Block Model Statistics
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Create sections and planview
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Selecting sections
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Display Block Model information
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Display blocks
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Select blocks
32
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Moving between sections
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Block utility tools
 Display info windows
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 View block data
 Block properties
Display- Values and Outlines
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rockcode
grade
Grade values as block outline
Rockcodes and grades
with black outline grid
35
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Block model mapping
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Economic value calculation
Benefit ($/ton) = Revenue – Cost
Revenue = Grade * Metal Price * Met. Recovery
Cost= Operating Cost + Processing Cost
For example Cu:
Revenue = Grade (%)*Metal Price ($/lb)*Met. Recovery (%)*Unit factor= $/ton
Revenue Factor
Revenue = Grade (%)* Revenue Factor = $/ton
For mutli elements:
Revenue = Revenue(Cu) + Revenue(Au) + Revenue (Ag)
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Economic value calculation example
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 Example: To Cooper grade, the metallurgic recovery is 85%, the price is 2.0 $/lb
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 The revenue factor is: 2204.6 lb/t*2.0$/lb* 85/100*%/100=39.68$/%
 The total cost is Mining + Processing cost
 The Benefit Value is the revenue minus cost
Cu grade
Cu Price
Cu Recovery
Revenue
1.00 %
2.00 $/lb
90.00 %
39.68 $/t
Operating Cost
Processing Cost
Cost
5.00 $/t
15.00 $/t
20.00 $/t
Benefit
19.68 $/t
Cut off grade
0.50 %
Block Model script
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Block\ Edit\ Simple Manipulation
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Cu grade
Cu Price
Cu Recovery
Revenue
1.84 %
2.00 $/lb
90.00 %
73.18 $/t
Operating Cost
Processing Cost
Cost
5.00 $/t
15.00 $/t
20.00 $/t
Benefit
53.175 $/t
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Block Model script – Example#2
Block\ Edit\ Simple Manipulation
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Block Model script – Example#3
Block\ Edit\ Simple Manipulation
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Advanced Profile
42
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Working with Triangulation
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Import information from Autocad
44
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Import information from Autocad (2)
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Create a surface from polylines or points
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PCBC setup
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Basic principles of scheduling in a Block caving
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 The first challenge is to identify where is the
best location for the extraction level:
 Damage in the surface due to subsidence
 One level or Multi-level mine
 Level of investment
 Production target
 Inclined vs Flat layout
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Create new advanced profiles
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Useful BC advanced profiles
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Block model attributes
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Creating template for block model attribute
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 You need an empty sheet created before to use this option!!!
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Advance Profile: Grade names
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 This is a key step in the slice file
creation, since if you change the
grade element list you MUST create
the slice file again.
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Advance Profile: Economic profile
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Price
Cu
Au
Recovery Adj. Factor Rev. factor ($/t)
2.00
85%
22.046
37.478
1,000
75%
0.031
23.328
Advance Profile: Setup
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
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


GRADE_LIST. Pointer to the grade
economic profile
ECONOMIC_LIST. Pointer to the
economic advanced profile. (Note
nothing to do with the old economic
profile editor)
CAVE_DENSITY. This is the default caving
density to be used for Multi-lift work and
Template Mixing.
RANGE_NEAR. This is for range to
neighbor draw points. Used in Template
Mixing and some other applications.
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Setup of block cave area initial (empty)
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Setup of block cave area empty (2)
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Working with PCBC
Components of PCBC
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 Layout generation tools
 Mixing models
 Sophisticated mixing models
(Laubscher to Cellular automaton)
 Best Height of Draw
 Detailed footprint definition
 Mineable reserve (diluted)
 Production scheduling
 Tons, grades per period for life of mine
 Multi-lift project
 Display and constraint by level
 Schedule Optimization
 Quadratic Programming for tonnage and grade constraint
 NPV Optimization
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Block Cave Modeling
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 Block model preparation
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 Block cave area
 Draw point location- Draw point spacing
 Draw column geometry
 Slice file construction
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Fragmentation in the drawpoint
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The Question of Layout, Fragmentation and Flow
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A. Moss Geotechical symposium
Jun07
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40% Draw
Note dilution entry into column
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Note dilution entry at drawpoint
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40% Draw
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Independent Draw Observed
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Terminology
64
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Secondary fragmentation curve example
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Block Fractions
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Material shared
between draw
points
20%
100%
75%
Block Model data
Coarse Material
Fine Material
Shared Material
between neighbour
draw point
Unique Material
(Can only come out of
this draw point)
$$
Draw point
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Unique Material
not shared with
other draw points
Ore or Dilution:
Grades, density and
Dollar value
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Computing Block Fractions
Fractions, discreet of block
model
Fractions inside
Draw Point
3/25=12%
Ultimate fractions calculations
1/25=4%
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13/25=52%
8/25=32%
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Transference Block to Slice file
0.2
0.6
1.2
0.8
Fraction process
from above run
12% 52%
4% 32%
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Block Model Copper Grade
Transfer Block to
Slice file
12%*0.2+52%*0.6+
4%*1.2+32%*0.8
=0.64
=
0.64
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Block model utilities
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Block model utilities
 Summary reports:
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 Grade
 Rock type
 Folder
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Report by grade
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Report by grade (2)
73
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Report by XYZ
74
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Create draw point layout
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Design Criteria
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Important Design Criteria for Extraction
Level layout:
• Drift Spacing [a]
• Drawpoint Spacing / distance across
minor apex [b]
• Distance across major apex [c]
• Trough Length [d]
• Break-away Length [e]
• Tunnel Width [f]
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Layout generation
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Create layout Draw Points
1. Create a clipping polygon
2. Define a advanced profile
3. Use to create the layout
PCBC  Draw Points  Layout generation tool
Offset
Brow
Minor
Major
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Malla de Extracción 15 x 20 m (Teniente)
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DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE
MALLAS DE EXTRACCION,
BATEAS RECOLECTORAS Y
PILAR
CORONA PARA METODO
PANEL CAVING EN ROCA
PRIMARIA, MINA EL TENIENTE
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Create layout draw point
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Create layout draw point (Excel report)
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Excel Map
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Create layout draw point (workspace)
82
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View draw point data
83
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Lines created for the BC layouts
 layout.asc
84
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Lines created for the BC layouts
 layout.asc
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Create solids using layout lines
86
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Exporting Draw Points to Excel
87
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Importing Draw Points from Excel
88
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Create slice File
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Slice File creation
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LAYOUT DESIGN
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Gravity flow experiments (Marano, 1980)
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LAYOUT DESIGN
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Rockmass Class
ff/m
Rock size (m)
5
50-7
0.01-0.3
4
20-1.5
0.1-2
3
5-0.4
0.4-5
2
1.5-0.2
1.5-9
Isolate draw diameter
Loading width
5m
4m
3m
2m
9m
8.5m
8m
6.5m
6m
11.5m
11m
10.5m
10m
13m
12.5m
12m
Rockmass strength (MRMR)
Geological structures
Join spacing
Induced stress
Maximum/Mininmum spacing of Drawzones
Loading width
5m
4m
3m
2m
Area of influence(m2)
10-5m
9-4m
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For example
RMR=66
FF/M=2.2
Loading Width=4m
15-8m
13-7m
12-6m
180
20-11m
18-10m
16-9m
290
Layout=20m x 17m
340 m2
24-14m
22-13m
21-12m
380
Maximum height of column
Height
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Draw Cone Geometry
Radius of the extraction column as function
of the height of extraction
Radius of the extraction column in
undercut level, the diameters must have
overlap here
Radius
93
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Draw Cone Geometry
94
95
Vertical
cone
Inclined cone
Height
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Inclined Cone
Cone angle
or inclination
Overall angle=
Cone angle +
Cone flair
Radius
Draw Cone Geometry
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Inside material can POTENTIALLY report to a draw point and be mined
96
Outside material cannot be mined
User defined
geometry
OK OK
NOT OK
(Section view)
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Draw Cone Geometry - Definition
Draw cone geometry
•Depends on height
•Depends on fragmentation
•Depends on friction angle
Vertical
Hc
Hc/2
hc/
2
Heigh
0
15
250
500
2
1.5
grados
grados
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500
250
Radiust (1.5 Deg) Radiust (2.0 Deg)
2.5
2.5
5.5
5.5
8.2
6.2
8.2
6.2
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Example of Extraction and Undercut level
98
21.6m
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Plot circle for give radius for selected dpts
99
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Draw Cone Geometry – Example
100
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Slice file Example
103
Creating slice file in 1 step
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1.
104
2.
Create an Advanced Profile
Run “Build” option
PCBC- Project- Advanced Profile
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Creating a Slice File
105
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Creating a Nomix Slice File
106
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View Slice file data
107
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Export information to Excel (selected dpts)
108
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Block model vs Slice file (Nomix)
109
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Material mixing
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Different forms of material movement
118
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
O
T
Legend
I
Caved
Solid
F
Mixing horizon
V
E F
H
R
C
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Different forms of material movement
BEFORE
Vertical
Mixing
Legend
119
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
AFTER
Vertical
Mixing
CAVED
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
120
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
CAVED
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
121
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
CAVED
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
122
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
CAVED
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
123
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
SOLID
Mixing
Horizon
CAVED
MATERIAL
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
124
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
CAVED
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
125
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
CAVED
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
126
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
CAVED
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
127
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
SOLID
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
128
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
CAVED
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
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Different forms of material movement
Legend
129
V
Vertical mix
H
Horizontal
I
Inclined
T
Toppling
R
Rilling
O
Open pit failure
F
Fines migration
C
Chimneying
F
Frozen
E
Erosion
CAVED
MATERIAL
Mixing
Horizon
Material mixing
PCBC Pre mix
vs
Laubscher mix
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Different mixing methods for different applications
130
Method
Ease of
use
Linear?
No mixing
Easy
Yes
Slice File/
Block
model
Slice File
Pre-Vertical mixing
Easy
Yes
Slice File
Laubscher mixing
Easy
Yes
Slice File
Sequential mixing
Harder
No
Slice File
Template Mixing
Harder
No
REBOP™ interface
Harder
No
Cellular automaton
(CA3D)
Harder
No
Slice File/
Block
Model
Block
Model
Block
Model
Comment
No mixing base case
(In-situ)
PCBC “Default”
(includes preerosion)
Uses Laubscher
tables
Older method,
includes toppling
Most flexible option
available
Not yet generally
available
Multiple flow and
domain control
Interface to
REBOP TM
Cellular
Automaton
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Pre-Vertical mixing
 Set advanced profile
131
 Run pre-vertical mixing
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Dynamic visualization of data in Excel & PCBC
132
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Comparing Nomix vs Vmix
133
Cu grade
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
-
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Pre vertical mixing
134
© Copyright Gemcom Software International Inc. 2000
Uniform movement
assumed here
Mixing Horizon
Non-uniform movement
occurs here
composed by a vertical and
a horizontal movement
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Mixing Model in PCBC
135
136
% of Dilution
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100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Height of Draw
490
470
450
430
410
390
370
350
ORIGINAL ORE
330
310
290
270
MH=200
2 Cycles
MH=200
1 Cycle
MH=150
250
230
210
190
170
150
130
110
90
70
50
30
10
Example dilution curves
ORIGINAL DILUTION
MH=50
MH=75
MH=100
Denis Laubscher’s Theory
Fracture Frequency
Rating
Fracture Frequency
Rating
Curves derived by Laubscher
Draw Tons
0
50
450
100
200
137
Height of
Interaction
Zone (HIZ)
280
150
Draw Control
Factor
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Draw Point Spacing
Mixing Horizon
Std dev. of
tons drawn
Swell Factor
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HIZ Estimation
138
ff/m
(Courtesy Dennis Laubscher)
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Template mixing
Arc structure
Depleting dpt
139
Base Frozen and Erosion
Frozen material
Isolated
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Template mixing
Depleting dpt
140
Arc structure
Arc structure
Depleting dpt
Template mixing advanced profile
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 Vertical mixing
141
 Horizontal mixing
 Toppling
 Rilling
 Base frozen and erosion
 Fine migration
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Caveback shapes
142
2002
2004
2006
2010
2012
2014
2008
2016
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Calculate height from a surface
143
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Results in Excel and bucket workspace
144
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Displaying results
145
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Running production schedule with TM
146
1.
Use nomix slice file
2.
Define Advance profile
3.
Add TEMPLATE_MIX keyword at
Input sheet
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Using restart option in Template mixing
147
1.
Run schedule as normal up to desired
period
2.
Save slice file with new name
3.
Place new slice file on Input sheet
4.
Ensure all previous and future periods are
on table sheet
5.
Run schedule
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Cellular automaton (CA3D)
148
•
Sequential
•
Multi-Level
•
Vertical and Horizontal mixing
•
Sub-blocks is available
•
Physical inputs
o Swell factor per rock type
o Differences in the flow for
fine and coarse material
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Cellular automata
149
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CA3D examples
150
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Difference between good and bad draw control
Good draw control= even drawn
151
Bad draw control= uneven drawn
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Good draw control= even drawn (video)
152
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Bad draw control= uneven drawn (video)
153
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CA3D and Rilling
154
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Rilling – CA3D movie
155
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Rilling and material release – CA3D movie
156
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Best Height of Draw
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Best Height of Draw Procedure
158
1.
Create the economic profile
2.
Setup the economic profile in the Block Cave area property
3.
Setup the information in the Advanced Profile
4.
Update dollar value (if it is necessary)
5.
Run the BHOD tools
6.
Display the information
7.
Define HOD maximum and minimum and Run again
8.
Save results in Excel and Bucket
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Advanced Profile
PCBC-Project-Advanced Profile
159
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Run Best Height of draw (BHOD) tools
160
Economic Height
Economic
Tonnage
Economic Average
Grades
BHOD.XLS
Mining Reserves
161
5
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
140
155
170
185
200
215
230
245
260
275
290
305
320
335
350
365
380
395
410
425
440
455
470
485
500
515
530
545
560
Tons
426
9,116
12,324
12,522
12,873
13,118
13,184
13,449
13,383
13,443
13,643
13,747
13,607
13,784
13,528
13,075
12,869
13,130
13,822
14,210
14,115
14,155
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,290
11,335
11,365
11,365
11,365
$val ($/ton)
CUEQ
(3.17)
0.42
(1.76)
0.52
(0.23)
0.63
0.87
0.70
1.57
0.76
1.84
0.77
1.75
0.77
1.40
0.74
0.92
0.71
0.43
0.67
0.04
0.65
(0.20)
0.63
(0.25)
0.63
(0.11)
0.63
0.17
0.66
0.57
0.68
1.03
0.72
1.50
0.75
1.92
0.78
2.25
0.80
2.40
0.81
2.29
0.81
1.86
0.78
1.37
0.74
0.84
0.70
0.30
0.66
(0.21)
0.63
(0.69)
0.59
(1.15)
0.56
(1.59)
0.53
(2.01)
0.50
(2.42)
0.47
(2.70)
0.45
(4.06)
0.35
(4.95)
0.29
(5.79)
0.23
(6.42)
0.18
(6.76)
0.16
$val ($)
Acum $val ($)
(1,354)
(1,354)
(16,062)
(17,416)
(2,844)
(20,261)
10,848
(9,413)
20,214
10,801
24,184
34,986
23,039
58,025
18,875
76,900
12,331
89,231
5,809
95,040
505
95,545
(2,765)
92,780
(3,367)
89,412
(1,537)
87,875
2,363
90,238
7,495
97,732
13,293
111,025
19,694
130,719
26,592
157,311
32,002
189,313
33,866
223,179
32,409
255,588
21,019
276,607
15,496
292,102
9,471
301,573
3,427
305,000
(2,368)
302,632
(7,838)
294,794
(13,022)
281,772
(17,975)
263,796
(22,726)
241,071
(27,270)
213,801
(30,484)
183,317
(45,816)
137,500
(56,155)
81,345
(65,851)
15,495
(73,011)
(57,516)
(76,829)
(134,345)
350
300
250
Acum $val (1000x$)
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Height
200
150
100
50
(50)
-
100
200
300
(100)
(150)
HOD (m)
BHOD
Break Even, cumulative profit =0
Max(cumulative profit)=BHOD
Break Even
400
500
600
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Best HOD : Define Mining Reserves
162
Best HOD profile if
no limiting HOD
is used
Limiting HOD profile
set to 300m in this case
Material too high to
consider as ore due to large
underlying dilution zone
Best HOD profile
when limiting HOD
is used
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Mining Reserves
163
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
-
8
14
18
Num dpts
1,924
902
512
Tot_Dol (M$)
3,205.34
2,020.85
1,322.64
Tonnage (Mt)
525.99
274.75
157.70
Analysis size layout
Mining Reserves (2)
Revenues to $2.0
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Revenues for $3.0
Footprint sensitivity to price
300
250
Draw points
150
Total tons
Net Revenue
100
50
0
$3.00
Revenues for $1.5
164
200
$2.00
$1.50
$1.00
Revenues for $1.0
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Update dollar value
165
To update the dollar value in slice use:
 PCBC-Slice File-Slice File Utilities-Update Totals and dollar value
To save the information updated use:
 PCBC-Slice File- Slice File Utilities-Current to Save
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Run Best Height of draw
166
During this process the program
show the draw point with different
color, it means cyan color the
draw point has a positive
economic value, light red the draw
point has a negative economic
value.
After run BHOD appears in the
screen a surface in 3D, it show
the height result for each draw
point.
Additionally appear a windows with
the summary of the BHOD result
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Define layout size
168
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Best HOD : Define Mining Reserves
169
Best HOD profile if
no limiting HOD
is used
Limiting HOD profile
set to 300m in this case
Material too high to
consider as ore due to large
underlying dilution zone
Best HOD profile
when limiting HOD
is used
Vertical Mining Rate & Discount Rate
Undisc BHOD = H at Slice N
Total Disc. Column Value is
𝑁
𝑉𝐶 = ෍
1
H
𝑖 is a slice of the column
𝑉𝑖 is the value of slice 𝑖
𝑟 is the discount rate
𝐻𝑖 is the height of slice 𝑖
𝑉𝑀𝑅 is the vert. mining rate
Using DEV_COST sets BHOD to 0 in each column where 𝑉𝑐 < DEV_COST
170
𝑉𝑖
𝐻𝑖
𝑉𝑀𝑅
𝑖=1 1 + 𝑟
N
…
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Calculates discounted value after a BHOD has calculated for the draw column (i.e BHOD doesn’t change)
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Display options
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Displaying dynamic bucket value
172
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Displaying dynamic bucket value
173
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Best HOD with Haircut
174
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Draw Point neigghbour utility
175
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Best HOD with Haircut
176
 BHOD
 BHOD with Haircut
177
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Best HOD with Haircut 50m
178
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Best HOD
179
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Best HOD with Haircut 20m
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Multi-field display
180
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Select draw points tool
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Select and modify data for drawpoints
182
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Edit selected draw points
183
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Select and modify data for drawpoints
184
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Select draw point by define selection
185
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Buckets
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Buckets Database
Workspace – Create or Modify Workspace
187
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Buckets information
188
Numeric Bucket
• Tonnage
• Sequence
• Hod
• % of extraction
String Bucket
Bucket List
• Status
• PRC
• Production Block
•Type
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Import Buckets from Excel
189
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Import Buckets from Excel (2)
190
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Store data in bucket workspace
191
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Display bucket in 2D
192
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Display bucket in 2D (2)
193
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Display bucket in 3D
194
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Examples to display Information in 2D and 3D
195
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Working with MAP in Excel
196
197
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Working with MAP in Excel (2)
198
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Bucket menu
199
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Make TIN from HOD
200
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Make TIN from HOD (2)
201
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Production Schedule
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Basic principles of Production Schedule
$
Draw column
Production rate Curve
Sequence
PLAN PRODUCCION - PND 2004
DIVISION EL TENIENTE
350 000
300 000
250 000
200 000
150 000
100 000
50 000
203
Draw Strategy
ST8
NP
RAJO
QUEB
SCENARIO
RESULTS
NNM
PEX
52
49
46
43
40
37
34
31
28
25
22
19
16
13
10
07
04
0
Production Scheduling
Opening Sequence
Production Targets
Days/period
Method
TONS
New
1
Yr1
365
COMBO
48
2
Yr2
365
COMBO
3
Yr3
365
COMBO
4
Yr4
365
COMBO
5
Yr5
365
COMBO
6
Yr6
365
COMBO
7
Yr7
365
COMBO
8
Yr8
365
COMBO
1,460,000
2,190,000
2,920,000
3,650,000
4,380,000
4,380,000
4,380,000
4,380,000
4,380,000
4,380,000
4,380,000
4,380,000
4,380,000
4,380,000
54,020,000
365
COMBO
365
COMBO
Yr11
365
COMBO
12
Yr12
365
COMBO
Yr13
365
COMBO
Yr14
365
COMBO
END
Run Inputs
TONSLOAD1
TONSLOAD2
TONSLOAD3
!SEQUENCE
DPT_SEQ
48
48
48
48
48
10
cero
TOPO
MINBT
2
Input
298
Draw Function
Tons
Prodtons.xls
Remaining Reserves
Feasible Area
Draw Rate
Closed
Production Rate
Active
New
Draw function
0 .7
S e c o n d a ry ro c k
Draw Rate (t/m2_day)
3DS.COM © Dassault Systèmes | Confidential Information | 4/6/2020 | ref.: 3DS_Document_2015
Yr9
Yr10
11
14
0 .6
Table
0 .5
P rim a ry ro c k
0 .4
0 .3
Production Schedule
0 .2
0 .1
0
0%
12%
30%
50%
80%
100%
% Draw
PRC_INPUT
204
9
10
13
DPT_INPUT
(Table)
Period
Step
500%
Schedule
Bhod
Dpts
Psinfo
Idle
Planned
Draw Point Sequence
Number
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Production rate curves (PRC)
205
The Production rate curves (PRC) can be define for each draw point or by group, in the draw
point database this ítem is in PRC field
The PRC curve is defined in XY_CURVES, like to percentage of extraction v/s Production rate
(ton/ m2-day)
PCBC - Project- XY Curves
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Production rate guide (Dr. Laubscher 2000)
206
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Production rate curves (PRC)
Example
207
Percent
Draw
0%
12%
24%
36%
100%
PCBC
T/m2/day
0.21
0.34
0.48
0.55
0.55
Density
T/m3
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
Rate
mm/day
76.2
127.0
177.8
203.2
203.2
Rate
inch/day
3.00
5.00
7.00
8.00
8.00
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Production rate curves (PRC) Examples
208
C. Kurniawan and T.B. Setyoko (Massmin 2008)
Sector1
400
350
Production rate (Tpd)
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Calibration of the PRC using actual data
300
250
200
TPD
150
Average
Ave+StanDev
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
Actual HOD (m)
209
200
250
300
Mining sequence
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
It represents the direction for opening draw points, the key drivers are:
 Cavability
 Orebody geometry
 Induced stress
 Grade distribution
 Production requirements
 Primary Fragmentation
 Influence of geological environment
 Rockburst potential and Mud / water inflows
 Massive wedge failures
 Zones of competent and weaker rock
 Influence of and on adjacent operations
210
210
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Cavability - Laubsher’s Method
211
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Mining sequence (cont)
Boart Drill and Blast Schedule
21a
21a
21
21
20a
20
19a
19
18a
18
17a
17
16a
16
15a
15
14a
14
End 1999
Jan 2000
Feb 2000
Mar 2000
Apr 2000
May 2000
Jun 2000
Jul 2000
Aug 2000
Sep 2000
Oct 2000
Nov 2000
Dec 2000
13a
13
12a
12
11a
11
10a
10
9a
9
8a
First Quater 2001
Second Quater 2001
Third Quater 2001
Fourth Quater 2001
First Quater 2002
Second Quater 2002
Third Quater 2002
Fourth Quater 2002
First Quater 2001
Second Quater 2003
Third Quater 2003
8
7a
7
6a
6
5a
5
4a
4
3a
2a
2
1a
2
1a
1
20a
19a
19
18a
18
17a
17
16a
16
15a
15
14a
14
13a
13
12a
12
11a
11
10a
10
9a
9
8a
8
7a
7
6a
6
Palabora (A. Moss Geotechical symposium 2007)
212
3
5a
5
4a
4
3a
3
2a
1
Mining sequence (cont)
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SECTORES NUEVO NIVEL MINA
Año 2014
Año 2024
Año 2034
Año 2015
Año 2023
213
Codelco Teniente NLM
(P.Yañez, Massmin 2004)
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Mining sequence (cont)
214
Undercut
Schedule
Finsch (O. Richter, Massmin 2004)
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Footprint size vs real cases
Palabora:120,000m2
GBC: 700,000m2
Northparkes E26:
50,000m2
Codelco Teniente NNM
2,500,000m2
215
Soccer field:
10,000m2
Panel vs Block Caving
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
216
Relative tonnage (size) for a small block cave and large panel cave:
Panel cave moves horizontally
Block caving moves vertically
Draw point opening is continuous
for a panel cave, but relatively
quick for a block cave
(T.Diering, Massmin 2008)
216
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Create sequence
217
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Create sequence (running)
218
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Display profile for periods
219
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Create sequence (Results)
220
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Create sequence (Results in Excel)
221
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Working with Excel for Production schedule
 Input sheet
222
 Table sheet
 Detail sheet
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PCBC help
223
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List of keyword for Production scheduler
224
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Example spreadsheet TABLE
225
Input Production Scheduler
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•
226
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Status
Sequence
Production rate (PRC)
Development rate
Production Target
Undercut Target
Bucket with historical information (Actual Tonnage)
Bucket with PRC information
Bucket with reserve information
Keyword
Draw Method
INPUT Sheet (basic)
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Tonnage data
227
•
•
•
LOADPAST: Past tone before the first scheduling step
LOAD100%: 100% tons reference for PRC curves
LOADMAX: Maximum limiting tons per draw point (Mining Reserves)
LOADSEQ, to read the draw point development sequence from Bucket List
PRC_XY, to read information from XY_CURVES, for example Production rate
TABLE, to read the production target from TABLE sheet
DEPLETE, to extract tonnage from slice during the production schedule, simulating the depletion of reserve per draw point.
PS_INFO, This option create a Ps_info sheet contains additional results of various variables at the end of a run.
FIX_NEW, This keyword will adjust the number of days for which new draw points are active in their first period
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Draw point Status
228
The status is reading from Draw point database and it is the status before run
production schedule
• Active
• Planned
• Closed
• Design
• Exhausted
• Developed
• Hang up
• Undercut
• Repair
• Not Used
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Production Capacity
Mostly limited
by PRC curve
PRC Limit
Some limited
by Remaining
Draw points in sequence order (old to left, new to right)
229
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Method SMOOTH
Some limited
by PRC curve
Zone where flexibility exists
for draw control
How fast to pull newer
vs older draw points
PRC Limit
Some limited
by Remaining
Draw points in sequence order (old to left, new to right)
230
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Method COMBO
Some limited
by PRC curve
PRC Limit
Draw points in sequence order (old to left, new to right)
231
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Method AUTO
232
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Método EVEN
233
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Draw Function calc example
Target<Capacity
236
TARGET
DPTS
1
2
3
4
5
6
600 tpd
Actual HOD
PRC
Max Cap
AUTO
EVEN
COMBO SMOOTH
250 400 mm/day
243
243
78
78
243
200 400 mm/day
243
243
146
146
146
100 400 mm/day
243
114
194
194
122
50 100 mm/day
61
61
61
40
0 100 mm/day
61
61
61
30
0 100 mm/day
61
61
61
20
911
600
600
600
600
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Draw Function calc example
Target>Capacity
237
TARGET
DPTS
1
2
3
4
5
6
1000 tpd
Actual HOD
PRC
Max Cap
AUTO
EVEN
COMBO SMOOTH
250 400 mm/day
243
243
250
243
243
200 400 mm/day
243
243
250
243
243
100 400 mm/day
243
243
250
243
243
50 100 mm/day
61
61
84
61
61
0 100 mm/day
61
61
83
61
61
0 100 mm/day
61
61
83
61
61
911
911
1,000
911
911
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Schedule Sheet
240
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SCHEDULE sheet
241
Step : Mining step number
Period : Period name
Days/period : numbers of producting days in the period
Planned : Number of planned draw points (at end of step)
Active : Number of active draw points
Closed : Number of closed draw points
Other : Number of other draw points (Eg Not Used)
New : Number of new draw points in this step
Iterations : Number of iterations used to find tons solution
Current tons : Current tons mined in this period
To date : Total of all tons mined to date
Limit : Total tons allowed to be mined
Active area : Active mining area for this period.
Requested : Tons requested to be mined.
Idle : Number of idle (active) draw points.
Exceeds PRC : Number of draw points where PRC is exceeded (see EVEN)
$Value : Average dollar value per tons of material mined this period
Dil % : Average percentage of dilution for this period
CU : Average grades mined this period.
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PS_INFO
TProg: Tonnage : Progressive mined to date
TPRC: Tonnage used as 100% PRC value
TLimit: Maximum tonnage allowed to be extracted from draw point
TCurrent: Current tonnage extracted during last step
Area: Effective area covered by draw point (based on slice 3 in slice file)
Seq: Development sequence number
Start: Start period number in which draw point becomes active
Stop: Stop period number at which draw point is closed
Status: Draw point status at end of schedule run
PastTons: Tone mined from draw point before beginning of schedule
%Draw: Percent draw for this draw point (= 100.*TProg/TLimit)
PRC: Production rate for draw point during most recent step
PRC Limit: Tonnage limit for last step based on PRC
Demand: Tonnage requested from the draws point (Mainly for internal use)
Remain: Tonnage remaining in draw point before it would become depleted
Dolval: Dollar value of material most recently extracted from draw point.
Days: Number of days of projected life for the draw point based on PRC.
PRC_Curve: Which PRC curve is in use at the end of the run
UCUT_Status: Undercut status at end of run
242
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Keyword DUMP_HOD
243
This keyword will cause the HOD at the end of each period to be dumped to an Excel worksheet "HOD". The HOD worksheet
can then be used to compute HOD related items such as possible cave height or rate of draw etc.
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Keyword DUMP
244
If this keyword is present, then when material is depleted (with the DEPLETE)
keyword, then detailed tonnages, grades, dilution and dollar value information
for each draw point will be dumped to separate Excel spreadsheets.
As this can substantially slow down the production scheduler, it should only be
used for "final" runs where the detailed information may be required for further
processing.
245
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Playback
245
Historical tons
display
Historical tons
display
Height of draw
Info Window for
detailed info
Pie charts of rock
type
“Map” info sent to
Excel
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246
246
Playback with map option example
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Playback
247
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Playback (HOD as Tin)
248
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Displaying full triangulation
249
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Opening Block Caving Task Pane
250
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Playback (HOD as Disks)
251
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Playback (Status)
252
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Playback (Item1 – Cu grade)
253
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Playback (HOD as Tubes all dpts)
254
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Playback (HOD as Tubes only selected dpts)
255
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Creating pictures from Playback
256
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HOD with skirt option
257
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Create Tins from Playback
258
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Run#1
259
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Run#4
260
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Summary of runs
Run#1
Run#2
Run#3
Run#4
Run#5
Run#6
Method
Open. Rate NPV (M$) Dif (M$) Dif (%)
Smooth
120 dpt
2,694
Auto
Smooth
Optim1
2,671 23
-0.8%
Smooth
Optim2
2,701
7
0.3%
Qsmooth
Optim2
2,722
28
1.0%
Qvalue
Optim2
2,797
103
3.8%
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.10
Active area: Run06 vs Run 01 vs Run04
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
-
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132
CU_Run06
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
Active area Run06
261
Cu comparison Run06 vs Run 01 vs Run04
Active area Run01
Active area Run04
CU_Run01
CU_Run04
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Detail keyword
This keyword enable additional control data to
be read from a worksheet called "Detail". This
worksheet contains 5 columns as follows:
 Column 1 Step number
 Column 2 Action to take (TYPE, STATUS
or NEW)
 Column 3 Draw point name or draw point
Type
 Column 4 New draw point type or new
draw point status
 Column 5 Additional value (floating point)
needed for some of the options below
262
Changing PRC with Detail sheet
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 PRC (Change the PRC field for a run)
263
 PRC_TYPE (Change the PRC values
for all draw points of a given TYPE)
 PRC_PB (Change the PRC value for
all draw points of a given Production
Block)
 PRC_DPT (Change PRC rate for
individual draw points)
Details sheet options
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The action column in column 2 can have one of the following controls:
264


NEW Open new draw points for a given TYPE for a given period

OPEN (Change the status of a draw point to Active (usually from a planned state) 

PRC (Change the PRC field for a run)

PRC_TYPE (Change the PRC values for all draw points of a given TYPE)

PRC_PB (Change the PRC value for all draw points of a given Production Block)

PRC_DPT (Change PRC rate for individual draw points)

TYPE (Change TYPE of draw points in a run)

PBLOCK (Change the Production block designation for this production block)

STATUS (Chage the status of a draw point. Usually Active or CLosed)

NEW_TYPE Same as NEW above

NEW_PBLOCK (Open new draw points for a given production block in a given
period)

P_NEW Same as NEW_PBLOCK
MCOST Set a new mining cost for this period and subsequent periods. The new
mining cost is in column 5. At this stage, the program will re-calculate the slice
file revenue factors using this new cost.
REV1. Similar to MCOST above, except that it will change the revenue factor for
the first grade label

REV1. Similar to MCOST above, except that it will change the revenue factor for
the first grade label

UCUT. Similar to STATUS, but applies to Undercut status

ANGLE_OFF. Use with HOD angle (for El Teniente)

ANGLE_ON. Use with HOD angle (for El Teniente)

LOADCAVE. Change cave back bucket at given mining steps

LOADPIT. Write pit mined report to PIT_RPT sheet.

LOADTMIN. Load TMIN values per drawp point for current mining step

TOP_ADJUST. Set upper limit for toppling below which toppling cannot take
place.

WAIT. Pause at this step to allow access to Excel or option to exit program
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PRC change after period#6
265
prodtons.rpt
Production schedule with past tons
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 Use this keyword to load the
266
PAST tonnages from a bucket
workspace. It is assumed that
the buckets that you are
loading have been "registered"
in the Bucket Names
workspace. You will also need
to use (and refer to) the PAST
method in the table sheet.
267
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