M3 Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 1 (i) Describe and explain the effects of cholera bacteria on the gut. (ii) Suggest one treatment for cholera. [4] [1] [5 marks] Question 2a What term is used to describe ‘disease-causing organisms’? Page 2 of 9 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers [1 mark] Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 2b Fig. 1 shows some virus particles that cause the transmissible disease, influenza. Fig. 1 Suggest how the virus particles that cause influenza are transmitted from one person to another. [2 marks] Question 2c Describe the defences of the body which prevent or fight infection. [3 marks] Question 2d Explain why antibiotics are not successful in treating influenza. Page 3 of 9 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers [2 marks] Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 3a Eating food contaminated by bacteria can cause illness. This type of illness is called food poisoning. Fig. 1 shows the number of cases of food poisoning per 100 000 people in the population in one country. Fig. 1 (i) State the year with the highest number of cases of food poisoning in Fig. 1. [1] Page 4 of 9 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources (ii) (iii) State the number of cases of food poisoning per 100 000 people in the population in the year 1996 in Fig. 1. Describe the trend in the number of cases of food poisoning between 2003 and 2011 in Fig. 1. [1] [3] [5 marks] Question 3b Food poisoning is caused by different types of bacteria. A common type of bacterium that causes food poisoning is Campylobacter jejuni. State the genus of this species. [1 mark] Question 3c Food poisoning can result in vomiting and diarrhoea. Outline the treatment of diarrhoea. [1 mark] Page 5 of 9 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 3d The body has several defence mechanisms against bacteria. Table 1 shows three types of defence mechanism. The word list gives examples of these defence mechanisms. In Table 1 write the examples under the correct type of defence. Use each word once only. antibodies mucus nasal hairs phagocytosis skin stomach acid Table 1 cellular chemical mechanical [3 marks] Question 4a Extended only White blood cells form part of the immune system in the human body which provides protection against infection by pathogens. Outline the possible responses of these white blood cells to an infection by pathogens. [2 marks] Page 6 of 9 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 4b Extended only Being vaccinated is another way to gain protection against infection by pathogens. Describe how vaccines provide protection against infection by pathogens. [4 marks] Question 4c Extended only The measles vaccine will not give a child immunity against the influenza virus. Explain the reason for this. [2 marks] Question 4d Extended only The flu is an example of a disease against which we typically don't build immunity; this is the main reason why we need to get vaccinated against flu regularly. Explain why it is difficult to develop immunity against certain pathogens, such as the influenza virus. [2 marks] Page 7 of 9 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 5a Breastfeeding is an example of passive immunity which provides the baby with short-term protection against pathogens. Explain why passive immunity only provides short-term protection against pathogens. [2 marks] Question 5b Extended only Not all babies are breastfed. Suggest one way in which these babies may gain immunity against pathogens. [1 mark] Question 5c Extended only An American TV crew visited a remote tribe in the Brazilian rainforest to make a documentary. Two weeks after the crew's visit, six members of the tribe died of influenza and many more were seriously ill. The members of the TV crew did not show symptoms of influenza during their visit, but members of the remote tribe died from the disease. Suggest an explanation for this. [3 marks] Page 8 of 9 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers Head to www.savemyexams.com for more awesome resources Question 3b Malaria is spread by the female Anopheles mosquito when they break through the skin of an uninfected person during a blood meal. Explain how the skin acts as a mechanical barrier against disease. [2 marks] Question 3c Extended only Once the mechanical barrier formed by the skin is broken, the malaria pathogen enters the blood. Outline the defence mechanism that will come into effect once a pathogen enters the blood. [4 marks] Question 3d Extended only Compare active and passive immunity with each other. [4 marks] Page 9 of 10 © 2015-2024 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
