W2
Learning Area
Quarter
English
4th
Grade Level
Date
10
I. LESSON TITLE
Technical Terms Used in Research
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
Distinguish technical terms used in research.
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT
Research Technical Terms
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Introduction (Time Frame: 50 minutes)
What is Research?
Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and
interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic
disciplines.
Research is conducted to evaluate the validity of a hypothesis or an interpretive framework; to assemble a body of substantive
knowledge and findings for sharing them in appropriate manners; and to generate questions for further inquiries.
As a Grade 10 student, you are expected to create a basic research. But before planning and coming up with the different parts of
your study, it is just appropriate to be familiar with some of the used terms in research writing. Although some terms you will meet while
researching are not listed below, these jargons are likewise the common and useful ones to know and learn beforehand. Through this, you
will become ready once you finally use them as you investigate for some problems or issues of your interest.
TERM
abstract
Applied Research
Basic Research
Conceptual Definition
concepts
constitutive definition
Control group
Correlational study
data
Delimitations
Dependent variable
Descriptive study
experiment
Experimental Group
External validity
extraneous
heterogeneous
homogeneous
Independent variable
hypothesis
Inductive Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
Internal validity
Introduction
Limitations
Measures of central
tendency
mean
median
Methodology
mode
Null Hypothesis
Operational definition
Participant
DEFINITION
A brief overview of a research study
Conducted to generate knowledge that influences or improves practice
Research that tests theories
A variable, such as anxiety, may be defined as a feeling of uneasiness
The building blocks of theories
The basic, dictionary meaning
In experiments, the one that does not get the treatment
A type of research design that depicts a relationship between variables, but not necessarily one
of cause -effect
Information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation.
It addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope.
The concept that the researcher is most interested in understanding
Research design that describes “what is” e.g. a survey
A research design used to find “cause-effect” relationships the “effect of…on…”
The one that gets the treatment
How generalizable the results are as it concerns other populations and locations
Variables that may influence or contaminate the data
Groups under study are very different or varied.
Groups that are very similar
The concept being studied that usually indicates the influence or cause; the one that the
researcher is manipulating
A statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between variables
The basis for the qualitative research approach
Depends on premises and is the basis for the quantitative research approach
The extent to which a study measures what it is supposed to measure (accuracy within a study)
Establishes the scope, context and significance of the research to be conducted.
identify potential weaknesses of the study.
Averages e.g. the mean)
The arithmetic average
The middle where half the scores fall above, half below, eliminates the influence of outliers
Systematic approach to the conduct of a process. It includes steps of procedure, application of
techniques, systems of analysis, and the modes of inquiry employed by a discipline.
The score that occurs the most
The proposition, to be tested statistically, that the experimental intervention has "no effect,"
meaning that the treatment and control groups will not differ as a result of the intervention.
Investigators usually hope that the data will demonstrate some effect from the intervention, thus
allowing the investigator to reject the null hypothesis.
How a term is used in a study
Also called respondents, their characteristics and responses are the object of study in research
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
TERM
DEFINITION
Principle investigator
The person who oversees a research
population
the target group under investigation. The population is the entire set under consideration.
Samples are drawn from populations
Purpose of the study
specific research aims and objectives for the research.
random
By chance
Qualitative Research
Trying to verify or generate descriptive theory that is grounded in the data gleaned from the
investigation (naturalistic).
Quantitative Research
Answer a specific research question by showing statistical evidence that the data may be
addressed in a particular way (experimental).
Questionnaire
Structured sets of questions on specified subjects that are used to gather information.
Random sample
Everybody has the same chance of being assigned to any group.
Research
A systematic, objective way to generate facts
Research design
The method for finding out what the researcher wants to know, experiment, and correlate…
Research Methodology The method of research design (paradigm as well as statistics and analysis) as well as the
approximate timeline for completion of the study.
Relationship
The bond or connection between two variables
sample
A smaller group that represents population of interest
Significance of the
It is written as part of the introduction section of a thesis. It provides details to the reader on
Study
how the study will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it.
Standard deviation
A measure of spread; the average deviation of a group of scores from the mean
Statement of the
Part of the introduction which enumerates the research questions which the study sought to
problem
answer.
Statistical Analysis
Application of statistical processes and theory to the compilation, presentation, discussion, and
interpretation of numerical data.
Statistical significance
An important finding that did not likely happen by chance
Statistics
Mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to analyze data; it must match with
research designs
T-score
A standard score on the normal curve where the mean is assigned “50” deviations of “10”.
Allows more simple interpretation of student achievement
subject
The people who are being studied
T-test
A parametric statistical tool that compares differences between the means of two groups:
assumptions for use include normal distribution and at least interval data
theory
An generalization that presents a representation about relationships among phenomena
validity
Accuracy, the extent to which a test or study measures what it is supposed to measure
variable
A quality of interest or concepts that can be manipulated, observed or studied
D. Development (Time Frame: 45 minutes)
Activity 1: What is Research?
Direction: Determine further the meaning and function of research by reading the paragraphs below. In doing so, arrange
the jumbled letters of some terms to understand research even better.
When researchers are interested in examining a problem using a scientific approach, it is said that they are doing a
(1.) S A R R E E C H. The people who are being studied are called (2.) B U J E C T S. The person who oversees the research is
called the (3.) P R I N C E L I P investigator. The building blocks of theories are called (4.) C E P C O N T S.
An abstract generalization that presents a systematic representation about relationships among phenomena is called
a (5.) H E R O Y T. The concepts that are studied are called (6.) B A R I A L E V. The concept that is being studied that usually
that usually indicates the influence or cause is called the (7.) D E N T I N P E E N D variable. The concept that the researcher is
most interested in understanding is called the (8.) T E E N N P E D D variable. Variables that may influence or contaminate the
data are called (9.) E O U T S X A E R N variables. If the group that is being studied is very different or varied, the group is said to
be (10.) G E N E S H E R O T E O U while groups that are very similar are called (11.) H O O M N E E G O U S groups. When
studying variables, definitions must be clarified. A variable such as anxiety may be defined as a feeling of uneasiness; this is
called a (12.) C E P T A L C U O N definition. To measure anxiety, the State-Traite Anxiety Scale might be used.
A (13.) S Y S I T H E P H O is a statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between
variables. There are two major categories for research designs. One design, the (14.) Q U A I N T V A I E T T approach uses data
that has numerical representation or values. The second design, (15.) Q U A I L V E A T T I, uses narrative data. (16.) D E D U C E
V I T reasoning is the basis for quantitative approach. The bond or connection between two variables is called a (17.) O R I E N
T A L H I P S. Research that is conducted to generate knowledge that influences or improves practice is called (18.) D E A L I P P
research. Research that tests theories is known as (19.) A S C I B research.
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Activity 2: What’s the Term?
Direction: Distinguish the research terms being asked in each item.
_______________________
1. The people who are being studied in a research
_______________________
2. Accuracy, the extent to which a test or study measures what it is supposed to measure
_______________________
3. Everybody has the same chance of being assigned to any group.
_______________________
4. A measure of spread; the average deviation of a group of scores from the mean
_______________________
5. Mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to analyze data
_______________________
6. An important finding that did not likely happen by chance
_______________________
7. The method for finding out what the researcher wants to know, experiment, or correlate.
_______________________
8. A quality of interest that can be manipulated, observed or studied
_______________________
9. A smaller group that represents population of interest
__________________________ 10. Uses data that has numerical representation or values
E. Engagement (Time Frame: 55 minutes)
Activity 3: Puzzling Study
Direction: Answer the crossword puzzle below by determining the research terms through the clues given on the right.
Activity 4: Mystery Word Challenge
Direction: Answer the following items. Using a specific letter from each answer, unlock the mystery word.
_________________
1. It is a tentative explanation based on theory to predict a causal relationship between variables. (Take
the last letter of your answer and put it in the last box.)
_________________
2. This is the application of statistical processes and theory to the compilation, presentation, discussion,
and interpretation of numerical data. (Take the second letter of your answer and put it in the seventh
box.)
_________________
3. This refers to a part of research which identifies the potential weaknesses of a study. (Take the sixth
letter of your answer and put it in the sixth box.)
_________________
4. It tells the reader what you hope to accomplish regarding the problem by carrying out your study.
(Take the third letter of your answer and put it in the fifth box.)
_________________
5. It involves specific techniques that are adopted in research process to collect, assemble and
evaluate data. It defines those tools, as well as the approximate timeline for completion of the study.
(Take the tenth letter of your answer and put it in the fourth box.)
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
__________________
6. This is the target group of the research. (Take the tenth letter and put it in the third box.)
__________________
7. It is another term for participants. (Take the fifth letter and put it in the second box.)
__________________
8. It is a systematic investigation and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and
reach new conclusions. (Take the seventh letter of your answer and put it in the first box.)
The Mystery Word is…
A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 45 minutes)
Activity 5: Signify the Terms
Directions: In relation to the lesson and
activities on research terms, explain their
importance to making research by interpreting
the image on the left.
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 35 minutes)
(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)
Activity 6: MATCHING TERMS
Directions: Match the definitions in Column A to its appropriate research terms in Column B.
COLUMN A
1. It addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope.
2. Structured sets of questions on specified subjects that are used to gather info.
3. The arithmetic average
4. The basic, dictionary meaning
5. A brief, overview of a research study
6. Refers to how a word is used in a study
7. In experiments, the one that does not get the treatment
8. Information; can be number or words
9. The one that gets the treatment
10. Research design that describes ”what is”
11. A research design used to find “ cause-effect” relationships
12. The variable the researcher is manipulating
VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: 10 minutes)
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
COLUMN B
ABSTRACT
DELIMITATION
CONTROL GROUP
QUESTIONNAIRE
DATA
CONSTITUTIVE DEFINITION
DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
EXPERIMENT
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
MEAN
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column for
Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
¶ - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
ü - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this task.
Learning Task
Number 1
Number 2
LP
Learning Task
Number 3
Number 4
LP
Learning Task
Number 5
Number 6
LP
y
VII. REFERENCES
Prepared by:
For lesson and activities:
Department of Education. 2020. English 10: Quarter 4 - Module 9: Understanding Research
Jargon (Technical Terms in Research). pp. 12-13, 19-20.
Palomar, Lito, Ma. Victoria Velasco, and Mariecris Hontiveros. 2016. Interactive English 10.
Philippines: Jemma, Inc. pp. 339-343.
Illustrations: www.canva.com
Lucinda A. Jurilla
Alfonso V. Mabuting
Checked by:
Maria Madel C. Rubia
Luzviminda Cynthia Richelle F. Quintero
Regicelle D. Cabaysa