LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ® Epilepsy Volume 19 Number 3 June 2013 CONTRIBUTORS Gregory D. Cascino, MD, FAAN, Guest Editor Whitney MacMillan Jr Professor of Neurosciences, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; Chair, Division of Epilepsy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota *Dr Cascino serves as an associate editor for Neurology. †Dr Cascino reports no disclosure. Erik K. St. Louis, MD, FAAN, Guest Editor Head, Section of Sleep Neurology; Consultant, Departments of Neurology and Medicine; Associate Professor of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota *Dr St. Louis serves as a member of the Adverse Events Adjudication Committee of Inspire, Inc; and receives research support from the Mayo Clinic Foundation Center for Translational Science Activities and the NIH. †Dr St. Louis reports no disclosure. Selim R. Benbadis, MD Professor of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Director, Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida *Dr Benbadis is a member of the speakers bureau and serves as a consultant for Cyberonics, Inc, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and UCB; serves as an editor for Medscape-WebMD, LLC; and receives research support from Lundbeck, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and UCB. †Dr Benbadis reports no disclosure. Anne T. Berg, PhD Research Professor, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois *Dr Berg has served as a speaker for BIAL; serves on an Advisory Panel for Eisai Co, Ltd; serves on the editorial boards of Neurology and Epilepsy & Behavior; and receives grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Foundation. †Dr Berg reports no disclosure. *Relationship Disclosure †Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19(3) www.ContinuumJournal.com Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ® CONTRIBUTORS continued Jeffrey Buchhalter, MD, PhD, FAAN Professor of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary; Director, Comprehensive Children’s Epilepsy Centre, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada *Dr Buchhalter has served as a speaker for Eisai Co, Ltd, and Lundbeck. †Dr Buchhalter reports no disclosure. Fernando Cendes, MD, PhD Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil *Dr Cendes is a member of the editorial boards of Neurology, Epilepsy Research, Epilepsia, Epilepsy & Behavior, Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria, and Frontiers in Neurology; receives research support from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq) Brazil; and is chair of the Diagnostic Methods Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy. †Dr Cendes reports no disclosure. Mackenzie C. Cervenka, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland *Dr Cervenka receives a grant from Nutricia. †Dr Cervenka reports no disclosure. Christopher M. DeGiorgio, MD, FAAN Professor of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Vice President, Neurology, NeuroSigma Inc, Los Angeles, California *Dr DeGiorgio has stock options in and is an officer of NeuroSigma, Inc; is an inventor on patents licensed by the University of California, Los Angeles, to NeuroSigma, Inc; and receives grants from the NIH for trigeminal nerve stimulation. †Dr DeGiorgio discusses the unlabeled use of deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation, and the investigational use of trigeminal nerve stimulation, for the treatment of epilepsy. *Relationship Disclosure †Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure www.ContinuumJournal.com Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. June 2013 LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ® CONTRIBUTORS continued Jacqueline A. French, MD, FAAN Professor of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York *Dr French has received research support from Cyberonics, Eisai Co, Ltd, Entra Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc, Lundbeck, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Neusentis, NeuroTherapeutics Pharma Inc, NeuroVista Corporation, Ono Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Pfizer Inc, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, SK Life Science Inc, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd, UCB, Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc, Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc, and Vertex. †Dr French discusses the unlabeled use of zonisamide and levetiracetam as initial monotherapy for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Nicolas Gaspard, MD, PhD Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut *Dr Gaspard has received research support from the Belgian American Educational Foundation, Inc; the Belgian Neurological Society; the Epilepsy Foundation; and the Fulbright Commission for Education Exchange Between the United States, Belgium and Luxembourg. †Dr Gaspard discusses the unlabeled use of electroconvulsive therapy, etomidate, felbamate, gabapentin, hypothermia, intravenous immunoglobulins, ketamine, ketogenic diet, lacosamide, levetiracetam, lidocaine, plasma exchange, pregabalin, steroids, topiramate, valproate, and vigabatrin for the treatment of status epilepticus. Deana M. Gazzola, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Neurology; Medical Director, Adult Inpatient Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York *†Dr Gazzola reports no disclosures. Tracy A. Glauser, MD Director, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center; Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio *Dr Glauser serves as a consultant or speaker for Eisai Co, Ltd, GeneDx, Lundbeck, Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc, UCB, and Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc. Dr Glauser receives royalty payments for a patent license from AssureRx Health, Inc, has received personal compensation for medical record reviews, and receives multiple grants from the NIH. †Dr Glauser discusses the unlabeled use of epilepsy medications and epilepsy treatment options, all of which are limited to certain age ranges including infants and/or children. *Relationship Disclosure †Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19(3) www.ContinuumJournal.com Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ® CONTRIBUTORS continued Shahin Hakimian, MA, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Washington Regional Epilepsy Center at Harborview, Seattle, Washington *Dr Hakimian has served as a consultant for OptumRx, Inc, and receives grants from the NIH. †Dr Hakimian reports no disclosure. Lawrence J. Hirsch, MD, FAAN Professor of Neurology; Chief, Division of Epilepsy/EEG; Medical Director, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center; Codirector of Critical Care EEG, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut *Dr Hirsch serves as a consultant for GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, and Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc, and receives research support from Lundbeck, UCB, and Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc. †Dr Hirsch discusses the unlabeled use of electroconvulsive therapy, etomidate, felbamate, gabapentin, hypothermia, intravenous immunoglobulins, ketamine, ketogenic diet, lacosamide, levetiracetam, lidocaine, plasma exchange, pregabalin, steroids, topiramate, valproate, and vigabatrin for the treatment of status epilepticus. Eric H. Kossoff, MD Associate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics; Medical Director, Ketogenic Diet Center; Director, Pediatric Neurology Residency Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland *Dr Kossoff has served as a consultant for Atkins Nutritionals, Eisai Co, Ltd, and Nutricia, and receives research support from Nutricia. †Dr Kossoff reports no disclosure. Scott E. Krahl, PhD Deputy Associate Chief of Staff, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Professor of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California *Dr Krahl has two pending patents owned by the University of California, Los Angeles, and the US Department of Veterans Affairs, licensed to NeuroSigma, Inc. Dr Krahl receives research support from Medtronic, Inc, and travel and research support from Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, a nonprofit corporation affiliated with the US Department of Veterans Affairs. †Dr Krahl discusses the unlabeled use of deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation, and the investigational use of trigeminal nerve stimulation, for the treatment of epilepsy. *Relationship Disclosure †Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure www.ContinuumJournal.com Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. June 2013 LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ® CONTRIBUTORS continued Tobias Loddenkemper, MD Associate Professor of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts *Dr Loddenkemper serves on the American Board of Clinical Neurophysiology, the Council of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, and the Laboratory Accreditation Board for Long Term (Epilepsy and ICU) Monitoring (ABRET). Dr Loddenkemper serves as associate editor for Seizure—European Journal of Epilepsy and received investigator-initiated research support from Eisai and Lundbeck. Dr Loddenkemper receives research and funding support from the American Epilepsy Society, the Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology/Department of Defense, Children’s Hospital Boston, CURE: Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy, Epilepsy Foundation of America, Epilepsy Therapy Project, Harvard Medical School, the NIH, and Translational Research Project. †Dr Loddenkemper discusses the unlabeled use of epilepsy medications and epilepsy treatment options, all of which are limited to certain age ranges including infants and/or children. Rama K. Maganti, MD Professor of Neurology; Director, Epilepsy Program; Director, Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin *Dr Maganti serves on the speakers bureaus of GlaxoSmithKline and UCB and served as a consultant for Lundbeck. †Dr Maganti reports no disclosure. Kimford J. Meador, MD, FAAN Professor of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia *Dr Meador has served as a consultant for the Epilepsy Study Consortium, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc, Medtronic, Inc, NeuroPace, Inc, UCB, Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Inc, and Vivus, Inc; and has received travel support for a lecture from Sanofi-Aventis. Dr Meador serves on the editorial boards of Epilepsy & Behavior and Neurology and receives research grants from Cyberonics, Inc, Eisai Co, Ltd, Epilepsy Foundation of America, GlaxoSmithKline, Marinus Pharmaceuticals, Myriad Genetics, the NIH, NeuroPace, Inc, Pfizer Inc, SAM Technology, and UCB. †Dr Meador reports no disclosure. John W. Miller, MD, PhD Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Director, University of Washington Regional Epilepsy Center at Harborview, Seattle, Washington *Dr Miller receives research support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the NIH, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and UCB. †Dr Miller reports no disclosure. *Relationship Disclosure †Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19(3) www.ContinuumJournal.com Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ® CONTRIBUTORS continued John J. Millichap, MD Instructor of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Pediatric Epileptologist, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois *Dr Millichap serves as a section editor for Neurology and receives funding from CURE: Citizens United for Research in Epilepsy and the Thrasher Research Fund. †Dr Millichap reports no disclosure. Donald M. Olson, MD Associate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California *Dr Olson has served as an expert witness consultant for litigation involving pediatric neurology issues. †Dr Olson reports no disclosure. Page B. Pennell, MD Associate Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Director of Research, Division of Epilepsy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts *Dr Pennell reports no disclosure. †Dr Pennell discusses the unlabeled use of progesterone lozenges for the treatment of catamenial epilepsy. Leslie A. Rudzinski, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Director of EEG, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia *Dr Rudzinski receives a research grant from Baxter. †Dr Rudzinski reports no disclosure. Paul Rutecki, MD Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Chief of Neurology, Williams Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin *Dr Rutecki holds stock valued at more than $10,000 in Cyberonics, Inc; receives research support for a clinical trial from NeuroPace, Inc; and receives a grant support from the Epilepsy Foundation of America. †Dr Rutecki reports no disclosure. *Relationship Disclosure †Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure www.ContinuumJournal.com Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. June 2013 LIFELONG LEARNING IN NEUROLOGY ® CONTRIBUTORS continued L. James Willmore, MD, FAAN, FANA Professor of Neurology and Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri *Dr Willmore holds stock greater than 5% of the company or greater than $10,000 in value in Pfizer Inc. †Dr Willmore reports no disclosure. Courtney J. Wusthoff, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California *Dr Wusthoff has served as a litigation consultant for cases in the United Kingdom. †Dr Wusthoff reports no disclosure. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTION WRITERS Ronnie Bergen, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Staff Neurologist, Southern Arizona VA Healthcare System, Tucson, Arizona *†Dr Bergen reports no disclosures. Adam Kelly, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center; Chief of Neurology, Highland Hospital, Rochester, New York *†Dr Kelly reports no disclosures. *Relationship Disclosure †Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2013;19(3) www.ContinuumJournal.com Copyright © American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.