Name: Kathryna Yzabella C. Pabillaran Course and Section: GE 7 - STS - E Activity; Trace the case! Answer: Precolonial Period In precolonial times, native (to) Filipino (communities of people) showed a deep understanding of their natural surrounding conditions and developed fancy (or smart) systems of knowledge and technology. Communities started/work at farm-related, fishing, trade, and (making things in a high-quality way), employing ways of doing things suited to their (many different kinds of people or things) communities. Native (to) communities (showed/shown or proved) advanced farming-based practices, including terraced farming, crop-watering/rinsing with water systems, and crops (getting involved with different types of things). Fancy/custom-made skills, such as weaving, pottery making, and (science of working with metals) grew/showed/waved, producing detailed interesting (old) objects and tools. (driving or flying a vehicle somewhere/figuring out how to get somewhere) and sea-related skills enabled trade and cultural exchange with close-by (communities of people), shown/proven true by the very old sea-related trade routes connecting Southeast Asia. Colonial Period: The (The act of reaching a destination) of Spanish (people who first lived in a new place) in the 16th century brought very deep/extreme changes to the Philippines, including the introduction of Western science and technology. Spanish missionaries established schools, churches, and institutions that spread knowledge and (related to Europe) knowledge and practices. However, (a stronger country controlling and taking advantage of a weaker one) also disrupted the native (to) systems and fully used (for profit) valuable things from nature for colonial interests. Spanish (filling a place with people or other living things) introduced Western scientific ideas and methods, including (the study of outer spaces), mapmaking, and medicine. (the creation of/the beginning of the existence of) Universities and religious schools helped the spread of reading and writing ability and education, although with a focus on Christian ideas/beliefs. Colonial policies preferred/liked useful thing/valuable supply extraction, forced labor, and cultural blending, leading to the (process of making something much less important) of native (to) knowledge systems and practices. American Period: The American colonial period (1898-1946) saw further modernization and Westernization in the Philippines. American management put into use (basic equipment needed for a business or society to operate) projects, public health attempts (to begin something new), and educational good changes aimed at "kind blending in" and social engineering. American influence brought (times of moving ahead or up) to public health, (keeping things clean and disease-free), and education. American colonial policies place importance on public health and (keeping things clean and disease-free), leading to the construction of hospitals, (keeping things clean and disease-free) facilities, and public health (series of actions to reach goals) to combat illnesses such as disease (that causes diarrhea) and (dangerous disease). Good educational changes expanded access to formal education, leading to (the creation of or the beginning of) public schools and job-related training programs. American investments (basic equipment needed for a business or society to operate), such as roads, bridges, and ports, helped the money-based development and (growth of cities with more people) but also strengthened or added support to colonial power structures. After-Independence Period Following independence in 1946, the Philippines began a path of nation-building and development. The after-independence time in history was fast (when a country built factories and manufactured lots of things), (growth of cities with more people), and (related to computers and science) (times of moving ahead or up). Government policies focused on money-based growth, import substitution, and industrial development, leading to the (act of something getting bigger, wider, etc.) of manufacturing and service parts/areas. (when a country builds factories and manufactures many things) efforts helped/encouraged (related to computers and science) (times of moving ahead or up) in key parts/areas such as farm-related, manufacturing, and (related to sending and receiving phone calls, texts, etc.), adding/giving to money-based growth and employment generation. Clever inventions in transportation, communication, and energy (basic equipment needed for a business or society to operate) helped connectivity and the ability to move around, changing cities and (away from cities) (wide views of nature scenes/wide areas of beautiful land). Government investments in science and technology (basic equipment needed for a business or society to operate), research and development, worker development (helped increase/showed in a good way), invention of new things, and knowledge creation. Present history Currently, the Philippines faces a new set of challenges and opportunities in science and technology. Fast (when many countries communicate and talk with each other), digitalization, and climate change require (related to a plan to reach a goal) responses and new and interesting solutions. There is a need for forward-thinking policies that harness the (possible power or ability within/possibility of) science and technology for (able to last/help the planet) development, (including everything) growth, and (equal treatment and respect for everyone). Policies that I want for the government to put into use in the future 1. Investment in Research and Development (R&D): The government should prioritize the money available for R&D attempts (to begin something new) across different parts/areas, including farm-related, healthcare, renewable energy, and disaster toughness. Encouraging working together/team efforts between the world of college, industry, and government can stimulate the invention of new things and technology move (from one place to another). 2. Promotion of STEM Education: Strengthening STEM education from first (or most important) to third/(related to three) levels is extremely important to help grow a skilled (all workers in a company or country) prepared with critical thinking, problem-solving, and (related to computers and science) reading and writing ability. Investing in teacher training, school-related development, and education (basic equipment needed for a business or society to operate) can improve the quality of STEM education and (help) develop a culture of invention of new things. 3. Support for Startups and Invention of New Things Community: Creating enabling (surrounding conditions) for startups and small-business starting can spur the invention of new things and money-based growth. The government can provide (rewards or reasons for doing something), grants, and incubation programs to support the growth of small business starters in developing and generating money from new and interesting solutions. 4. Digital (basic equipment needed for a business or society to operate) and Connectivity: Bridging the digital divide and expanding access to digital (basic equipment needed for a business or society to operate) is extremely important for (helping increase/show in a good way) digital, including in something and money-based development. Policies should focus on improving Internet connectivity, expanding broadband coverage, and (helping increase/show in a good way) digital reading and writing ability programs, especially in (away from cities) and underserved areas. 5. (Related to surrounding conditions or the health of the Earth) (the ability to keep something around, or keep something going): Hugging/supporting (able to last/help the planet) technologies and practices are extremely important for dealing with (related to surrounding conditions or the health of the Earth) challenges such as climate change, pollution, and valuable things from nature using everything up (completely). The government should put into use policies that (help increase/show in a good way) renewable energy, (able to last/help the planet) farming, waste management, and (protecting something from harm) of (lots of different living things existing together). 6. (Honest and right) Authority and control of Technology: As (times of moving ahead or up) in (not made by nature/fake) intelligence, (science that uses living things to improve the Earth), and computer security speed up, there is a need for (honest and right) authority and control (solid basic structures on which bigger things can be built) to secure/make sure of responsible and fair use of technology. Policies should address (honest and right) (things to carefully think about), data privacy concerns, and potential (related to social pressure, how people act toward each other, etc.) hits/effects of newly-visible technologies.