3 Combining sentences 1 By using - “Ing” Seeing an elephant he climbed a tree. Closing the door they went out. Jumping into the river, he saved the child. Paying the money , they removed the goods. Failing twice, he became disappointed. ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... 2 By using to + verb (infinitive) to express purpose I went to the bank to withdraw some money. We would like to join this camp to improve our English knowledge. I put on my glasses to read the newspaper. She is going out to get some fresh air. Chamara went to the airport to see his brother off. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... 3 By using in order to+verb (infinitive) to express purpose I went to the bank in order to withdraw some money. I am going to the library in order to find a book. I must stop at the super market in order to buy some fruits. I went to the hospital in order to see the doctor. He deliberately crossed the road in order not to speak to me. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... 4 By using but to express contrast We played well but lost the match. I’ m very hungry but can’t eat anything. We invited that person, but he didn’t come to the party. We had the map but it was not clear. You can speak in English but you don’t try. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... 01 Akalanka Dharamakeerthi; BA. in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura 5 By using and to express addition I ‘ll go and have a bath. Go home and meet your parents. He came here and scolded me. I got up early and had a cup of tea. She had breakfast and left home at 7.30. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 6 By using both........and... Jayalalitha was both an actress and a politician. Amaradewa was both a singer and a musician. Both Amaradewa and kemadasa were good musicians. My father is both a teacher and a social worker. I can speak both Sinhala and Tamil well. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 7 By using not only.......... but also.... Jayalalitha was not only an actress but also a politician. My father is not only a teacher but also a social worker. Not only Amaradewa but also kemadasa was a good musician. I can speak not only Sinhala but also Tamil. Amaradewa was not only a singer but also a musician. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 8 By using as well as Jayalalitha was an actress as well as a politician. My father is a teacher as well as a social worker. I can speak Sinhala as well as Tamil. I was supported by my relatives as well as my friends . You as well as your father helped me a lot. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 02 Akalanka Dharamakeerthi; BA. in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura 9 By using either.......or... We can prepare either noodles or milk rice for breakfast. Either you or your brother can join this programme. He will speak either English or Tamil. She will either do A/L again or find a job. I’ll either call you or come to meet you. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................ ......................... ...................................................................................................................... 10 By using neither......nor... Neither the USA nor the UK helps us to develop our country. Neither Mr. Pasad nor Mr. Suneth will come to teach you today. Neither India nor Sri Lanka can win the world cup next year. He can play neither cricket nor football. I eat neither meat nor fish. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 11 By using otherwise You must try hard, otherwise you can’t learn English. You must be careful, otherwise you will burn your finger. Gayan wants a higher salary, otherwise he is going to resign. I caught hold of her hand otherwise she would have slipped and fallen. You will have to get more exercises otherwise you will get fat. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 12 By using as to express manner As I know, it’s Kasun’s birthday today. I failed my driving test as we expected. They taught us English as we expected. You must spend money as you earn. Tell me everything as you know. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... 03 Akalanka Dharamakeerthi; BA. in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura 13 By using so/therefore to express result I don’t have enough money so I’m not going on the trip. It’s raining therefore we can’t go out. She is very clever, so she’ll be able to solve this problem. Lunch is ready, therefore we can stop the class now. I’m very tired so I hope to go to bed early. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... 14 By using so....that/such..... that to express result He is so clever that he could pass the exam with thee ‘A’ s. This is such a good English camp that almost all the students can speak a little English. You are such a foolish person that almost all the friends cheat you. She is such a good student that she gets up early and studies well. My mother was such a courageous woman that she worked very hard to feed us. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... Notes 04 Akalanka Dharamakeerthi; BA. in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
