T. L. E. COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING 9 Technology and Livelihood Education– Grade 9 Quarter 2 – Module 1: Types of Components and Objects to be Measured First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City Development Team of the Self-Learning Module Writer: Olivia Ann C. Jaud Editors: Maria O. Del Barrio and Jhoanna V. Navata Reviewer: Maria O. Del Barrio, Jhoanna V. Navata, Maricel F. Azcarraga Illustrator: Layout Artist: Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin OIC-Schools Division Superintendent Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Victor M. Javeña EdD Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division Education Program Supervisors Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE) Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP) Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS) Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS) Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports) Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM) Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang) Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP) Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE) Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM) Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Pasig City T. L. E. COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING 9 Quarter 2 Self-Learning Module 1 Types of Components and Objects to be Measured Introductory Message For the Facilitator: Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education – CSS 9 Self-Learning Module on Types of Components and Objects to be Measured! This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this instructional resource. This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the Learner: Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education – CSS 9 Self-Learning Module on Types of Components and Objects to be Measured! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills that you will learn after completing the module. Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at hand. Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and skills that you already know about a previous lesson. Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module. Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform. Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of the lesson. Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson. Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire module. EXPECTATIONS At the end of the learning period, the students should be able to: A. discuss the types of components and objects to be measured; B. identify the name of components and its measurement; and C. appreciate the importance of knowing the components and objects to be measured. PRETEST FILL IN THE BLANKS: Choose your answer inside the box. Write your answer on the space provided. Gigabytes data storage Hertz Megahertz Frames Gigahertz 1. Memory is measured by __________________________. 2. Processor is measured through ____________________. 3. The _____________________ refers to how much disk space one or more storage devices offer. 4. The GHz stands for ________________________. 5. The _____________________ describes how many full images per second the card can show. RECAP 1. How would we know if our files or data are safe and secure? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why do we need to back up our files? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ LESSON Introduction Mensuration refers to the process of measuring the computer components and objects to fully understand the needed requirements and capacity. The results of measurements taken are the calculations that are usually considered in building a computer. Types of Components and Objects to be Measured 1. Memory- Memory is the working storage space of the computer which holds data, processing instructions, and processed data (information) waiting to send in secondary storage. There are two types of memory and they are: a. Random Access Memory (RAM)-is the computer's portion that temporarily stores the computer's running instructions and the data it handles. RAM data is volatile. If the power of the machine is switch off, all data will be erased and become lost. The RAM can carry millions of bytes of data, so the capacity is calculated based on Megabytes (MB) 1,000,000 or 1 million bytes and Gigabytes (GB) 1,000,000,000 or 1 billion bytes. When using a computer the RAM must have: 1. Computer operating system 2. Application software 3. Any information which is processed https://www.dummies.com/education/internet-basics/7-types-of-computer-hardware-you-should-understand/ b. Read Only Memory (ROM) - is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically changed after the manufacture of the memory device. Read-only memory is beneficial for storing software that is rarely changed during the life of the system, also known as firmware. Software applications (like video games) for programmable devices can be distributed as plug-in cartridges containing read-only memory. 2. Data Storage Capacity- refers to how much disk space one or more storage devices provides. It measures the capacity of data on a computer system. The storage capacity is measured in Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (GB) and terabytes (TB). For example, a computer with a 500GB hard drive has a storage capacity of 500gigabites or 5 billion bytes. TYPES OF DATA STORAGE DEVICE 1. Magnetic storage media and devices- stores data in a form of tiny magnetized dots. These dots are formed, read and erased by very tiny electromagnets using magnetic films. The following are the kinds of magnetic storage media and devices: a. Hard drives-have a relatively high storage capacity (up to 1 TB). They can be used for storing large quantities of data. Hard drives are random access device that can be used to store all film types, including large files like videos. Data access are very fast. The data is stored on a rotating metal or glass discs inside a hard drive https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html b. Portable hard drive-also known as external hard drive, is one that is mount in a small case along with some electronics that allows the hard-drive to be accessed using a USB link or similar connection. Portable hard-drives make it possible to transfer large volumes of data from computer to another computer. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html c. Magnetic tape-is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html a. Floppy diskis a detachable, portable, inexpensive, low-capacity (1.44 MB) storage medium. Floppy disks are random-access devices used to transfers small amounts of data between computers or to back-up small files. This device has already been replaced by CDROMs, DVDs, and USB’s memory sticks. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html 2. Optical storage device-is a kind of computer disk drive that reads and writes data from optical disks through laser beaming technology. This kind of drive allows a user to retrieve, modify and delete the content from optical disks such as CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray disks. Optical drives are one the most common computer components. The following are the types of optical storage devices: a. Compact Disc -CD-ROM (Read-Only Memory) discs can hold around 800MB of data. The data cannot be changed (non-volatile), and cannot be accidentally deleted. CD-ROM's are random access devices. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html b. Digital Versatile Disc-Read-Only Memory (DVD-ROM) discs can hold around 4.7GB of data, dual-layer DVD can hold twice as much. DVDROM's are random access devices. They are used for high-quality video storage. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html c. Blu-Ray discs-is a high capacity optical disks that can hold data from 25-50 GB. It is the recent replacement for DVD. Blu-ray discs are random access devices. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html d. High-density DVDs (HD-DVD)-can hold around 15 GB of data. It is also a random access device. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html 3. Solid-state is a storage device that has no moving parts no reels of tape, no spinning discs, and no laser beams. Solid-state storage devices store data using a special memory type known as flash memory. a. Memory sticks or 'thumb-drives'-are non-volatile random- access storage devices. Each of these small devices has flash memory attached to a USB interface. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html b. Memory card- is a kind of storage device that is used for storing media and data files. It provides a permanent and non-volatile medium to store data and files from the attached device. It is commonly used in small, portable devices, such as cameras and phones. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stellarphotorecoverysoftware.com%2Fblo g%2Fkodak-memory-card-error- c. Smart card -is a plastic, credit-card size card with one or more embedded computer chip. Example of this is credit card, door entry cards, satellite TV cards. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html 4. Processor- is also called the CPU or central processing unit which is considered as the computer's 'brain. It is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of a computer system. It gives the device the software instruction. The CPU can be found in the computer's internal circuit board called the motherboard. The speed at which the CPU can execute the instructions is called the clock speed. This is controlled by a clock. With every tick of the clock, the CPU fetches and executes one instruction. The clock speed is measured in cycles per second, and one cycle per second is known as 1 hertz. This means that a CPU with a clock speed of 2 gigahertz (GHz) can carry out two thousand million (or two billion) cycles per second. https://www.igcseict.info/theory/1/comp/index.html?fbclid=IwAR2OUD2Kn1xUYn4ndlCFib_QTjCIgwXJAmMS5lCCEFnyJDwXY0JOpjMvKs 5. Video Card- is also called as graphics cards, video adapters, display cards, graphic adapters and graphic accelerators. It is a computer component that is used to enhance the quality of images showed on a display. It is attached to the motherboard which controls and calculates the appearance of an image on the screen. The video card is an intermediate device that accelerates the video throughput. A graphics card's processor is called a graphics processing unit or GPU. It is similar to a computer's CPU. A GPU, is designed specifically for performing the complex mathematical and geometric calculations that are necessary for graphics rendering. A GPU produces a lot of heat, so it is usually located under a heat sink or a fan. The card’s performance is measured in its frame rate which is calculated in frames per second (FPS). The frame rate shows how many complete images the card can display per second. The human eye can process about 25 frames every second, but fast-action games require a frame rate of at least 60 FPS to provide smooth animation and scrolling. https://rb.gy/rw2kss ACTIVITIES Activity No. 1 Arrange the jumbled letters to identify the types of computer components to be measured. Write your answer on the space provided. 1. DIVEO CRAD =______________________________________________________ 2. TADA ROSTGAE=___________________________________________________ 3. ROPCSEORS=______________________________________________________ 4. MMOEYR=__________________________________________________________ 5. CRENTAL ROPECSSNGI ITUN=______________________________________ Activity No. 2 Let’s apply what we have learned. Identify the name of the components and give its measurement. Write your answer on the space provided below: Components a. Name Measurement 1.______________________ Bytes Memory card 2.___________________ b. c. d. e. Video Card 3.___________________ 4._______________________ Bytes CPU 5.___________________ WRAP-UP As a student, if you are going to buy your personal computer, what computer components and objects will you take into consideration? Why? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ VALUING Explain the saying inside the box. Write your answer on the space provided. The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good. By Samuel Johnson __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ POSTTEST IDENTIFICATION: Identify the following sentence. Write your answer on the space provided before the number. ___________________1. The computer disk drive that uses laser beam technology to read and write data from optical disks. ___________________2. This is volatile; it temporarily stores the computer's running Instructions and the data it handles. ___________________3. A storage device used for storing media and data files. ___________________4. It is a piece of hardware that carries out the instructions of a computer program. ___________________5. It is called as graphics cards, video adapters, display cards, graphic adapters and graphic accelerators. KEY TO CORRECTION ACTIVITY 2 1. Hard disk drive 2. Bytes 3. Frames per Second (FPS) 4. Random Access Memory (RAM) 5. Hertz PRE-TEST 1. Gigabytes 2. Hertz 3. Data storage 4. Gigahertz 5. Frames ACTIVITY 1 1. Video Card 2. Data storage 3. Processor 4. Memory 5.CPU POST TEST 1. Optical storage device 2. Random Access Memory or RAM 3. Memory card 4. Processor 5. Video card ACTIVITY 2 1. Hard disk drive 2. Bytes 3. Frames Per Second (FPS) 4. Random Access Memory (RAM) 5. Hertz References Faithe Wempen. “7 Types of Computer Hardware You Should Understand” <https://www.dummies.com/education/internet-basics/7-types-of-computer-hardware-youshould-understand/>(accessed July 1, 2020) “Perform Mensuration and Calculation” https://www.mustangbols.com/animation 2d/perform (accessed July 1, 2020) Jeff Tyson and Tracy V. Wilson. “How Graphics Cards Work” <https://computer.howstuffworks.com/graphics-card3.htm> (accessed July 1, 2020) “Main Computer Components” <https://www.igcseict.info/theory/1/comp/index.html?fbclid=IwAR2OUD2Kn1xUYn4ndlCFib_QTjCIgwXJAmMS5lCCEFnyJDwXY0JOpjMvKs> (accessed July 31, 2020) “Data Storage Capacity”<https://www.igcseict.info/theory/3/capacity/index.html> (accessed July 31, 2020) “Central Processing Unit (CPU): Parts, Definition & Function” https://study.com/academy/lesson/central-processing-unit-cpu-parts-definitionfunction.html#transcriptHeader (accessed August 4, 2020) “Graphics Card”<https://www.techopedia.com/definition/7465/graphics-card> (accessed August 4, 2020) “The CPU and the Fetch-Execute Cycle” https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zws8d2p/revision/2?fbclid=IwAR06j9jlCxV0G30UkB5 qxZM2kn_L5LYxAwPLQryMhgLszT_CWq1asUffV1Q (accessed August 4, 2020) “What is a Video Card? Function, Definition and Types”<https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-isa-video-card-function-definition-types.html> (accessed August 4, 2020)
