Codes and Standards Overview
for Power Plant Design
3 April 2024
Kajal K. Mukherjee
Engineering Technical
Director
July 14, 2008
Agenda
4/3/2024

General Discussion

Specification Writing

Equipment Standards

Material Standards

Fire Standards

Safety Standards

Piping and Valve Standards

Sound Standards

Sources
General Discussion

Why do we use codes and standards?
 Safety
 Establish Design Margins and Safety Factors
 Incorporate Industry Trends
 Expertise
 Common Terminology
 Limit Liability
 Consistency in Design
 Minimizes engineering time
 Standardized Calculation Methods
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3 April 2024
General Discussion

What is the difference between a code and a standard?
 A standard is a document that has been adopted by a
group of manufacturers, users, and specifying
engineers for the benefit of themselves and the public.
(for example: The Hydraulic Institute Standards)
 A code is a document or industry standard that has
been invoked by a governing body as law. (for
example: The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code)
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3 April 2024
Specification Writing

Proper use of Codes and Standards
 Codes and Standards should be listed in alphabetical order
in the codes and standards section. Any laws, such as
OSHA should be listed first.
 Issue dates are not normally listed for each code and
standard, but the latest version available at the time of
contract award is normally accepted by both parties. Some
codes require a specific date based on the version in use
by the governing body for the plant site.
 The engineer is responsible for verifying each code or
standard against latest information. Codes and standards
change designations and titles often.
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3 April 2024
Specification Writing

Proper use of codes and standards (cont.)
 All codes and standards listed in the codes and standards
section must be invoked as to the extent of their use within the
body of the specification. Codes and standards not invoked
within the body have no legal binding on the Contractor.
 The engineer should be familiar with the codes and standards
they are specifying. Many codes require user specified input into
the specification.
 Do not quote directly from any codes or standards in the body of
a specification. It is not necessary if the code has been properly
invoked. The code may change which causes a conflict to arise.
 Do not invoke knowingly conflicting standards. API 610 and
ASME B73.1 for end suction pumps as an example. This only
creates confusion.
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3 April 2024
Standards Development
7

Most standards are developed by experienced engineers
in a given industry who serve terms on standards
committees. Normally sponsored by member companies
or done on a volunteer basis.

Many standards committees meet on a semi-annual
basis to discuss industry trends, technical developments,
problems, accidents, etc…, and assess any needed
changes to present standards with respect to public
safety, cost, etc…
3 April 2024
Equipment Standards
4/3/2024

Boiler

Steam Turbine

Condenser

Cooling Towers

Feedwater Heaters

Pumps

Tanks
Boiler Standards
4/3/2024

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I

ASME PTC 4.1, Steam Generating Units

ASME PTC 19.10, Flue and Exhaust Gas Analysis

NBBI Recommendations for the Design and
Construction of Boiler Blowoff Systems

API 534, Heat Recovery Steam Generators
Steam Turbine Standards
4/3/2024

ASME TDP-1, Turbine Water Induction Standard

ASME PTC 6, Steam Turbines
Condenser Standards

4/3/2024
Heat Exchange Institute (HEI) Standards for
Condensers

HEI Standards for Steam Surface
Condensers

HEI Standards for Steam Jet Ejectors

HEI Method and Procedure for the
Determination of Dissolved Oxygen
Condenser Standards

4/3/2024
ASME Performance Test Codes

PTC 12.2, ASME Performance Test Code
on Steam Condensing Apparatus

PTC 9 Displacement Compressors, Vacuum
Pumps and Blowers

PTC 24, Ejectors
Condenser Standards

4/3/2024
EPRI CS-2251, Recommended Guidelines for the
Admission of High Energy Fluids to Steam Surface
Condensers
Cooling Towers

ASME PTC-23 - Atmospheric Water Cooling
Equipment.

Cooling Technology Institute (CTI)

4/3/2024
ATC-105 - Acceptance Test Code for
Water Cooling Towers.

STD-201 - Certification Standard.

STD-103 - Redwood Lumber Specification

STD-114 - Douglas Fir Lumber
Specification.

STD-111 - Gear Speed Reducers.
Cooling Towers (continued)

4/3/2024
Cooling Tower Institute (CTI)

WMS-112 - Pressure Preservative
Treatment of Lumber.

STD-119 - Timber Connection Specification

ATC-107R - Characteristic Curve for use
with ATC 105

ATC-128 - Code for Measurement of Sound
from Water Cooling Towers

STD-131 - Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic
Panels for Applications on Industrial Water
Cooling Towers
Cooling Towers (continued)

4/3/2024
Cooling Tower Institute (CTI)

STD-134 - Plywood for Use in Cooling
Towers.

STD-136 - PVC Materials Used for Film Fill,
Splash Fill, Louvers, and Drift Eliminators.

STD-137 - Fiberglass Pultruded Structural
Products for use in Cooling Towers.
Cooling Towers (continued)

4/3/2024
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

214 - Standard on Water Cooling Towers.

70 - National Electric Code

255 - Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials.

780 - Lightning Protection Code
Feedwater Heaters/Heat Exchangers
4/3/2024

Heat Exchange Institute (HEI) Standards for
Feedwater Heaters

Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association
(TEMA)

ASME Boiler and Vessel Code Section VIII,
Division 1

ASME PTC 12.3, Deaerators

ASME PTC 12.1, Closed Feedwater Heaters
Pumps
4/3/2024

ASME B73.1, "Specification for Horizontal End
Suction Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Process."

API 610, "Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery
Services."

Hydraulic Institute Standards for Centrifugal,
Rotary, and Reciprocating Pumps.

ASME PTC 8.2, Centrifugal Pumps
Tanks and Pressure Vessels

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section
VIII, Division 1

American Petroleum Institute (API):



4/3/2024
API 620, Design and Construction of
Large, Welded Low Pressure Storage
Tanks
API 650, Welded Steel Tanks for Oil
Storage
API 2000, Venting Atmospheric and Low
Pressure Storage Tanks.
Tanks and Pressure Vessels

American Water Work Association (AWWA):

AWWA D100, “Welded Steel Tanks for
Water Storage.”
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):

NFPA 22, “Water Tanks for Private Fire
Protection.”

4/3/2024
Material Standards

4/3/2024
American Standards for Testing of Materials
(ASTM)

Over 11,000 ASTM Standards, 15 Volumes

“A” Designations, Iron and Steel Products

“B” Designations, Non Ferrous Alloys

“C” Designations, Construction

“D” Designations, Petroleum Products,
Lubricants, Paint, Textiles, Plastics
Fire Standards

4/3/2024
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA 850, Recommended Practice for Fire
Protection for Electric Generating Plants and
High Voltage Direct Current Converter
Stations, 2000 Edition

NFPA 85C, Prevention of Furnace
Explosions/ Implosions in Multiple Burner
Boilers
Safety Standards
4/3/2024

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), Code
of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1910

ASTM C1055, “Standard Guide for Heated System
Surface Conditions That Produce Contact Burn
Injuries

International Safety Equipment Association (ISEA)
Z358.1, Emergency Eyewash and Shower
Equipment
Piping Standards

ASME Piping Standards

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASMEB&PVC):



4/3/2024
Section I, “Power Boilers.”
Section V, “Nondestructive
Examination.”
Section IX, “Welding and Brazing
Qualifications.”

B1.20.1, “Pipe Threads, General Purpose
(Inch).”

B16.5, “Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings.”
Piping Standards

4/3/2024
ASME Piping Standards (Formerly ANSI)

B16.9, “Factory Made Wrought Steel
Buttwelding Fittings.”

B16.11, “Forged Steel Fittings, SocketWelding and Threaded.”

B16.25, “Buttwelding Ends.”

B18.2.2, “Square and Hex Nuts (Inch
Series).”

B31.1, “Power Piping.”
Piping Standards


ASME Piping Standards

B36.10M, “Welded and Seamless Wrought
Steel Pipe.

B36.19M, Stainless Steel Pipe.

ASME B31.3, Chemical and Refinery Piping

ASME B31.8, Fuel Gas Piping
Pipe Fabrication Institute (PFI)

4/3/2024
ES 3, “Fabricating Tolerances.”
Piping Standards

4/3/2024
American Water Works Association (AWWA)

C 151, “Ductile Iron Pipe Centrifugally
Cast for Water and Other Liquids.”

C 200, “Steel Water Pipe 6 Inch and
Larger.”

C 207, “Steel Pipe Flanges for
Waterworks Service - Sizes 4 in. through
144 in.”
Piping Standards

Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS)

4/3/2024
SP-25, “Standard Marking System for
Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions.”
Valve Standards


4/3/2024
ASME Valve Standards

B16.10, “Face-to-Face and End-to-End
Dimensions of Valves”

B16.34, “Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and
Welding End.”
Manufacturers Standardization Society of
the Valve and Fittings Industry (MSS):

SP-25, “Standard Marking System for
Valves, Fittings, Flanges, and Unions.”

SP-45, "Bypass and Drain Connections
Standard."
Valve Standards

4/3/2024
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve
and Fittings Industry (MSS):

SP-53, "Quality Standard for Steel Castings
for Valves, Flanges, and Fittings and other
Piping Components, Magnetic Particle
Examination Method."

SP-54, "Quality Standard for Steel Castings
for Valves, Flanges, and Fittings, and Other
Piping Components, Radiographic
Examination
Valve Standards

4/3/2024
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve
and Fittings Industry (MSS):

SP-61, “Pressure Testing of Steel Valves.”

SP-67, “Butterfly Valves.”

SP-68, “High Pressure - Offset Disk Butterfly
Valves”

SP-84, "Valves, Socket Welding and
Threaded Ends."
Sources
4/3/2024

IHS

Multiple Standards Organization Website
www.nssn.org

American Society for Testing OF Materials
www.astm.org

Code of Federal Regulations
www.access.gpo.gov

Occupational Safety and Health Association Title 29
(www.osha.gov)
THE END
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3 April 2024