TEMPLES 1.Magandang hapon, ano ang maipag lilingkod ko sainyo? 2.Oh gusto mo magkaroon ng kaalaman tungkol sa mga temples? 3.Ang mga temples ay a. not for meeting and recital of common prayers, and public rituals, sila ay sanctuaries na tanging king at the priest ang nakakapasok beyond hypostyle hall. b. Sila rin ay isang uri ng royal oratory reared by the king in token of his own piety and in order to purchase the favour of the gods. referred to Lockyer's theories as to the orientation of temples with regard to the particular stars. TEMPLE OF KHONS ( located at eastern bank of Nile) - Ay isang example ng ordinary type of plan built by RAMSES III way back on 1150BC. - 33 ft. in breadth, 104 ft. in length, 60 ft. in height and is now a ruins. 1. Sa harap nya ay may mga obelisks and sphinxes. Obelisk: Another unique feature of the Temple of Khonsu is an obelisk, a solid, non-occupiable piece of stone that creates a connection from the heavens to the earth. The obelisk is unique to the Temple of Khonsu, compared to other Egyptian projects. 2. Entrance gives access to large open sky "hypaethral" outer courtyard 3. Sunod a obelisk at sphinx ay ang dalawang Pylons: ito ang nagsisilbing entrance sa Temple of Khons, composed of two tall trapezoidal elements with an open entry in the center. This vertical element at the entry sequence masks the scale and contents of the temple beyond the pylon and creates a sense of drama and suspense. 4. Hypostyle Hall: Beyond the pylon, the next space is the hypostyle hall, a hall full of columns. At the Temple of Khonsu, the first hypostyle hall is both interior and exterior with a voided space in the middle open to the sky. The hypostyle hall is a symbol of Egyptian structural limitations. The tension of the beams above the columns was a challenge; therefore, the columns were spaced close together with minimal intercolumniation to resolve this issue. 5. Capital: One major structural innovation reducing the number of columns is the capital, the opening at the top of a column. The opening of the column at the top increases surface area and allows more weight to be transferred by each individual column. 6. Building Materials: The temple’s construction involved the use of various types of stone. While most of the temple is constructed from sandstone, the interior of the barque shrine is made of granite. Some of the sandstone blocks were repurposed from earlier structures, including temples on Luxor’s west bank. THEBES the site of which occupied a large area on the east and west banks of the Nile, was the capital of Egypt during the New Empire (Dynasties XVII.-XX.). The eastern bank had an important group of Temples at Karnac, including the Great Temple of Ammon, and the Temple of Khons (twentieth dynasty). At Luxor, also on the eastern bank, was another Temple of Ammon (eighteenth and nineteenth dynasties). On the western bank lay the Necropolis or Tombs of the Kings and Queens, and a large number of mortuary temples, which included those of Der-el-bahri, the Ramesseum, and Medinet Habou. GREAT TEMPLE OF AMMON, KARNAC 1. Siya ang Grandest 2. Meron syang area of 1,200 feet by 360 feet, and originally was connected with the Temple of Luxor by an avenue of sphinxes. 3. It has six pylons added in successive generantions, a great court measuring 338 feet by 275 feet, the great hypostyle hall, and other halls, courts and/ a sanctuary. 4. Hypostyle hall measures 338 feet by 170 /feet na may 134 columns 16 rows 5. central avenues are about 80 feet in height have columns 69 feet high and 11 3/5 feet in diameter, lotus blossom type, ganyan sya katas to receive light from the clerestory 6. The side avenues are about 46 feet high and have columns 42 feet 6 inches in height and 9 feet in diameter, the Capitals being of the lotus bud type, on which the clerestory light would fall 7. The Great Temple of Amun at Karnak was built over a period of more than 2,000 years by various pharaohs The site was first developed during the Middle Kingdom (2055–1650 B.C.E.)2. a. Thutmose I erected an enclosure wall and two pylons at the western end, with a small pillared hall in between. Two obelisks were added in front of the outer pylon. The temple was significantly expanded during the New Kingdom (c. 1560-1085 B.C.E.)4. This period saw the construction of numerous structures, including the monumental processional avenue. b. The female pharaoh Hatshepsut dedicated the tallest obelisk in Egypt, which stood at Karnak. Queen Hatshepsut wanted to honor the god Amun-Re, the chief deity of Karnak. The obelisk symbolized her devotion and power. It was carved from a single piece of red granite, a feat in itself. The obelisk originally stood right here, within the Karnak Temple complex. It was a magnificent sight, towering over the sacred grounds. Unfortunately, an ancient earthquake caused it to collapse. Imagine the ground shaking, and this massive monument tumbling down! It fell onto the debris near the Udjat hall, which was built by Hatshepsut’s father, King Thutmose I. c. Thutmose III added to the temple, including the Festival Temple, which had columns that represented tent poles. The impression pro duced on the spectator by the forest of columns is most awe inspiring, and the eye is led from the smaller columns of the side avenues, which gradually vanish into semi-darkness, giving an idea of unlimited size, to the larger columns of the central avenues lighted by the clerestory, which is formed in the differ ence of height between the central and side avenues, a form of lighting more fully developed in the Gothic period. The walls of the hall, the column shafts, and the architraves are covered with incised inscriptions, still retaining their original colored decora tions relating to the gods and personages concerned in the erection of the structure. TEMPLE OF SETHOS I., ABYDOS 1. Ay isang ordinary type of plan na ipinatayo noong (B.C. 1366-1333) ni Sethos I, at (B.C. 13331300) ni Rameses II. 2. Kagaya ng other temples it has pylons, a first and second fore-court and two hypostyle halls. Pero ang Difference nya is it has 7 sanctuaries dedicated to 6 deities and deified king. Divided into 7 parts with separate gateway and portal 3. 7 sanctuaries was dedicated to Osiris and other deities of Abydos 4. built primarily of limestone, with the occasional use of sandstone in different areas throughout the structure THE GREAT TEMPLE OF ABU-SIMBEL 1. ang temple na ito ay ipinatayo ni Rameses II. noong (B.C. 1333-1300). Isa ito sa pinaka nakakamangha likha ng Egyptian architecture dahil ito ay inexcavate lamang sa isang buong bato. 2. Meron syang fore-court, at the back of which is the imposing facade, 119 feet wide and over 100 feet high, formed as a pylon, and having four seated colossi of Rameses II., each over 65 feet in height. 3. ang entrance nito ay papunta sa isang vestibule, na may ceiling na supported by eight pillars, the walls having vividly colored reliefs. 4. Eight smaller chambers, probably used to store the temple utensils and furniture ay nakadikit dito sa vestibule na ito, 5. Sa likod ay isang maliit na hypostyle hall, 36 feet by 25 feet, having four pillars 6. Sa likod nito ay isang long narrow chamber out of which are three apartments, the centre and largest one being the sanctuary, with an altar and four seated figures of the deities worshipped.
