Unit Objectives
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1. Identify major leaders and terms of the Industrial Revolution
and evaluate their effects on the IR
2. Identify and explain the basic principles of capitalism and how
capitalism effects the lives of people who live within the system
3. Identify and explain the pull factors for immigrants coming
into the US and analyze the experience of these immigrants once
they began living in the US.
4. Explain and assess the working conditions and life of everyday
workers of this era. Assess the need of labor unions and their
goals once formed
Cycle 2 Homework
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Read Chapter 13, pg 436-457
Note taking chart: pg. 436
Define: entrepreneur, laissez faire, mass production,
trust, sweatshop, collective bargaining
Read chapter 14, pg. 464-478
Note taking chart: pg. 472
Define: nativism, urbanization
Effects of Reconstruction
Union Restored
 AA gain citizenship and voting rights
 Racial inequality, KKK
 Southern economy rebuilt
 New sharecropping system
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2nd Industrial Revolution and
The Age of Immigration
New Capitalism
Take out your shop assignments…
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Discuss with a small group around you:
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How could the Reconstruction Era start an
Industrial Revolution?
What is Economics?
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“The science that deals with the production,
distribution, and consumption of goods and
services, or the material welfare of
humankind”
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Basically…
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The “how to” of satisfying a society’s unlimited
wants and needs
Capitalism
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Free market
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Supply and Demand
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Little gov’t
interference
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Goal is to make
money
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The system is not
individual dependent
Based on consumer
choices
Educational and job
choice
Do
you believe
Capitalism is fair?
Explain?
Fighting to Profit
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Develop of Corporations
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Shared ownership of a business
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Allowed investors to put money into a business to
allow it to expand
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Corporations grow to enormous sizes and begin
making large sums of money
Fighting for Profit
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Decreasing cost of production + paying workers the
lowest possible = Higher Profit
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Monopoly
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Gaining complete control of product or service
Vertical and Horizontal Integration
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Gaining control of or creating a large company with all of
business needs (transport., supplies, machinery)
Social Darwinism
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Theory by Charles Darwin
(Scientist/Philosopher)
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“Survival of the Fittest”
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How can Darwin’s theory be applied to American
lives and business?
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Adaption
Analyze and Explain the following…
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The best way to help the poor is to “place
within reach the ladders upon which the
aspiring can rise”
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“A man who dies rich, dies in disgrace”
Andrew Carnegie
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“Gospel of Wealth” (1889)
– The role of big business
within society
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College
Scholarships
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Sold Carnegie Steel for
$500 Million
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Schools/Education
Institutions
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Gave over $350 Million to
charity before and after he
died
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Libraries in every
state (execpt AK
and DE
Today’s Carnegies
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Bill Gates (Microsoft)
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$29 Billion to charities,
libraries, education,
health care
Warren Buffet
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Over $30 Billion
Production of the 2nd IR
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Complete the chart to identify key inventors,
inventions, and their effects on society
Ch15-1
2nd Industrial Rev.
Industrial Innovations
Transportation
Communication
What Was Produced
Who Were The Producers
Effects on Society
Industrial Innovations
Transportation
Communication
Government Fights Back
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Gov’t wants to reduce stranglehold on
companies for price competition
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
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Made trusts and monopolies illegal
Very weak and did not work
The Working Class
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Factory owners seek to
maximize profits
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Lower production cost
Lower wages for workers
Immigrants were
popular choice to hire
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No English
Far from home
In need of money
The Working Class
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Owners clock break times
Fines for breaking rules
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12+ Hour work days
6-7 Day work weeks
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Class gap is widening (Huh?)
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The New Working Class
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Low wages mean family needs to get jobs
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Increase in women in workforce
1 in 5 children between 10-16 no longer go to
school so they can work
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No child labor laws!!
Immigration Research
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Old and New Immigrants?
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Importance of religion among immigrants?
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Jobs available to immigrants?
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Mistreatment?
How can we protect workers in the
workplace?
Introduction of Labor Unions
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Workers begin to try to collectively bargain
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Negotiate as a group for higher wages and better
working conditions
People belonging to unions were generally
black balled or fired from jobs because of the
problems unions cause for employers
Effects of 2nd IR and New Working Class
Tell Me About It
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List 2 or more major characteristics of
Capitalism.
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Explain why monopolies are bad for YOU the
consumer.
Tell me about it…
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In which of the three areas that you
researched do you feel made the biggest
advancements? Explain yourself by giving
specific examples.
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Explain the role of “rich” people in the
following quote
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The best way to help the poor is to “place within
reach the ladders upon which the aspiring can
rise”
Oh yeah? Tell me about it…
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Explain the characteristics of the new
working class in the US during the Industrial
Revolution.
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Describe the working conditions during this
time and the need for labor unions.