SIGNAL
TRANSDUCTION
PATHWAYS
WHAT ARE THEY
FOR?
• Regulate protein synthesis by
turning on/off genes in the
nucleus.
• Regulate activity of
cytoplasmic proteins.
• Enhances and amplifies
signals through
phosphorilation cascades.
HOW DOES IT
WORK?
• Signal reception: ligandreceptor binding.
• Transduction: to amplify
signals through
phosphorilation.
• Response: specific cellular
response to that signal.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SIGNALS ACT DIFFERENT
CELL
GROWTH
SIGNALING
however,
MUTATIONS CAN AFFECT THE EFFICIENCY OF PATHWAYS
REGULATION MECHANISMS
(FEEDBACK)
Positive Feedback: It amplifies
responses and processes. It
activates in response to a stimulus.
Negative Feedback: it restores a
process while it is disrupted.
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE FEEDBACK?
CELL CYCLE
CHECKPOINTS
CELL CYCLE REGULATION
Scientific skills
G1 CHECKPOINT
CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS
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