АНГЛИЙСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА:
ПРОСТО И ПОНЯТНО
А. А. ИОНИНА
А. С. СААКЯН
АНГЛИЙСКАЯ
ГРАММАТИКА
XXI ВЕКА
УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЙ
ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ КУРС
С КЛЮЧАМИ
К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ
4-Е ИЗДАНИЕ
Рекомендовано Московским государственным
лингвистическим университетом в качестве учебного
пособия для студентов по специальности 035700.62
«Лингвистика» (бакалавриат)
2019
ÓÄÊ
УДК 811.111(075.8)
811.1 1 1(075.8)
ББК 81.2Àíãë-9
81.2Англ-9
ÁÁÊ
И75
È75
È75
И'75
Èîíèíà,
Ионина, Àííà
Анна Àëüáåðòîâíà.
Альбертовна.
Àíãëèéñêàÿ
Английская ãðàììàòèêà
грамматика XXI
ХХІ âåêà
века :: óíèâåðñàëüíûé
универсальный ýôôåêòèâíûé
эффективный êóðñ
курс
ñс êëþ÷àìè
ключами ê
к óïðàæíåíèÿì
упражнениям /
/ À.À.
А.А. Èîíèíà,
Ионина, À.Ñ.
А.С. Ñààêÿí.
Саакян. —
_ 4-å
4-е èçäàíèå.
издание. —
_
Ìîñêâà
Москва :: Ýêñìî,
Эксмо, 2019.
2019. —
_ 496
496 ñ.
с. —
_ (Àíãëèéñêàÿ
(Английская ãðàììàòèêà:
грамматика: ïðîñòî
просто è
и ïîíÿòíî).
понятно).
ІЅВЪТ 978-5-04-097214-2
978-5-04-097214-2
ISBN
Ïîñîáèå
Пособие ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî
предназначено äëÿ
для æåëàþùèõ
желающих îñâîèòü
освоить êóðñ
курс áàçîâîé
базовой àíãëèéñêîé
английской ãðàììàòèêè
грамматики è
и ðàçîразоáðàòüñÿ
браться âî
во âñåõ
всех åå
ее ñëîæíîñòÿõ.
сложностях. Ïðîäóìàííûé
Продуманный êóðñ
курс îáó÷åíèÿ
обучения âêëþ÷àåò
включает â
в ñåáÿ
себя ýôôåêòèâíîå
эффективное èçизучение è
и òðåíèðîâêó
тренировку ãðàììàòè÷åñêîãî
грамматического ìàòåðèàëà,
материала, à
а òàêæå
также îñâîåíèå
освоение ñîâðåìåííîé
современной ëåêñèêè.
лексики. ÏîПоó÷åíèå
ñëåäîâàòåëüíàÿ
следовательная ïðîãðàììà
программа êóðñà,
курса, åìêèå
емкие îáúÿñíåíèÿ,
объяснения, íàãëÿäíûå
наглядные ïðèìåðû,
примеры, ñõåìû
схемы è
и òàáëèöû
таблицы äëÿ
для
лучшего çàïîìèíàíèÿ
запоминания ïðîéäåííîãî
пройденного ïîìîãóò
помогут ëåãêî
легко óñâîèòü
усвоить è
и ñèñòåìàòèçèðîâàòü
систематизировать ìàòåðèàë.
материал. ÌíîæåМножеëó÷øåãî
ñòâî
ство óïðàæíåíèé
упражнений —
_ îò
от ðàçíîîáðàçíûõ
разнообразных òåñòîâûõ
тестовых çàäàíèé
заданий äî
до ïåðåâîäîâ
переводов —
_ íàïðàâëåíî
направлено íà
на òðåíèðîâтренировку è
и ïðèìåíåíèå
применение ïîëó÷åííûõ
полученных çíàíèé
знаний íà
на ïðàêòèêå.
практике. Âñå
Все çàäàíèÿ
задания ïîñòðîåíû
построены íà
на ñîâðåìåííîé
современной ëåêñèêå.
лексике.
êó
Ïîñîáèå
Пособие ñòàíåò
станет ïîëåçíûì
полезным äîïîëíåíèåì
дополнением ê
к ëþáîìó
любому ó÷åáíèêó,
учебнику, ïîìîæåò
поможет áûñòðî
быстро è
и ýôôåêòèâíî
эффективно ïîäподготовиться ê
к ýêçàìåíó,
экзамену, ïîâòîðèòü
повторить ãðàììàòè÷åñêèé
грамматический ìàòåðèàë
материал ïåðåä
перед çàðóáåæíîé
зарубежной êîìàíäèðîâêîé
командировкой èëè
или
ãîòîâèòüñÿ
ñòàæèðîâêîé.
стажировкой. Îíî
Оно ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî
предназначено äëÿ
для âñåõ,
всех, êòî
кто èçó÷àåò
изучает ÿçûê
язык ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî,
самостоятельно, ñ
с ïðåïîäàâàòåëåì,
преподавателем, íà
на
ÿçûêîâûõ
языковых êóðñàõ
курсах èëè
или â
в ó÷åáíîì
учебном çàâåäåíèè.
заведении.
ÓÄÊ
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ÁÁÊ
ББК 81.2Àíãë-9
81.2Англ-9
ISBN
ІЅВЫ 978-5-04-097214-2
978-5-04-097214-2
©
© Èîíèíà
Ионина À.À.,
А.А., Ñààêÿí
Саакян À.Ñ.,
А.С., 2018
2018
© Îôîðìëåíèå.
Оформление. ÎÎÎ
ООО «Èçäàòåëüñòâî
«Издательство
«Ýêñìî»,
«Эксмо», 2019
2019
Ñîäåðæàíèå
Ïðåäèñëîâèå . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Unit 1. Ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (Pronouns) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Unit 2. Ãëàãîë tî be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Unit 3. It is — There is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Unit 4. Èìÿ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå (The Noun) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Unit 5. ×èñëî èìåíè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî (Number) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Unit 6. Òèïû âîïðîñîâ ñ ãëàãîëîì to be . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Unit 7. Íåîïðåäåë¸ííûé àðòèêëü (The Indefinite Article) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Unit 8. Íåîïðåäåë¸ííûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (Indefinite Pronouns)
some, any, no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Unit 9. Íåîïðåäåë¸ííûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ a lot of, many, much . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Unit 10. Îïðåäåë¸ííûé àðòèêëü (The Definite Article) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Unit 11. Have/Have got (èìåòü ÷òî-òî, îáëàäàòü ÷åì-òî) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Unit 12. Ïàäåæ èìåíè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî (Ñase) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Unit 13. Ðîä èìåíè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî (Gender) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Unit 14. Ïðîñòîå íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ (Present Simple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Unit 15. Ïîâåëèòåëüíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ (Imperative Sentences) . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Unit 16. Íàñòîÿùåå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ
(Present Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Unit 17. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Unit 18. Ïðîñòîå ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ (Past Simple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Unit 19. Ïðîøåäøåå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ
(Past Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Unit 20. Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû can, may . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Unit 21. Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû must, be to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Unit 22. Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû have to, should, ought to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Unit 23. Ìîäàëüíûé ãëàãîë need (to) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Unit 24. good — well, bad — badly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Unit 25. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Unit 26. Ïðîñòîå áóäóùåå âðåìÿ (Future Simple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3
Содержание
Unit 27. Áóäóùåå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ
(Future Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 28. Ïðèäàòî÷íûå âðåìåíè è óñëîâèÿ If — When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 29. tî be exciting — to be excited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 30. Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ 1 (Present Perfect 1) . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 31. Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ 2 (Present Perfect 2) . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 32. Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ 3 (Present Perfect 3) . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 33. have done — did . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 34. Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ
(Present Perfect Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 35. Èìÿ ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå (The Adjective) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 36. Äâîéíûå ñòåïåíè ñðàâíåíèÿ ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 37. Àðòèêëè ñ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèìè íàçâàíèÿìè.
Ìèðîâàÿ ãåîãðàôèÿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 38. Àðòèêëè ñ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèìè íàçâàíèÿìè.
Ãîðîäñêàÿ ãåîãðàôèÿ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 39. Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü (Reported Speech) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 40. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 41. Àðòèêëè â íàçâàíèÿõ íåêîòîðûõ ñòðàí, íàöèîíàëüíîñòåé,
æèòåëåé ñòðàíû è ÿçûêîâ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 42. Ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ (Past Perfect) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 43. Ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ
(Past Perfect Progressive/Continuous) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 44. Ñîãëàñîâàíèå âðåì¸í . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 45. Íåñîãëàñîâàíèå âðåì¸í . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 46. Ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã (The Passive Voice) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 47. Ñâîäíàÿ òàáëèöà ôîðì ñòðàäàòåëüíîãî çàëîãà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 48. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 49. Ïðîáëåìíûå ãëàãîëû (Problem Verbs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 50. ×èñëèòåëüíîå (The Numeral) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 51. (the) other, (the) others, another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 52. do — make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 53. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè, îáîçíà÷àþùèìè ÷àñòè ñóòîê
è âðåìåíà ãîäà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 54. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè, îáîçíà÷àþùèìè
ïðè¸ìû ïèùè (meals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 55. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè school, bed, town... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 56. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè âî ôðàçàõ ñ ïðåäëîãàìè
in, with, like, as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 57. Àðòèêëè âî ôðàçàõ ñ ïðåäëîãîì of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 58. Àðòèêëè âî ôðàçàõ on foot, at home, by chance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
141
145
151
155
160
163
166
169
173
180
185
190
198
205
213
217
224
227
232
236
241
245
252
256
261
265
268
272
276
279
282
285
Содержание
Unit 59. 1. Àðòèêëè ñ óíèêàëüíûìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Îáîáùàþùåå (ðîäîâîå) çíà÷åíèå àðòèêëåé; èçîáðåòåíèÿ,
æàíðû, òåðìèíû . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 60. Àðòèêëè ñ ëè÷íûìè èìåíàìè (èìåíà è ôàìèëèè ëþäåé) . . . . . . .
Unit 61. Àðòèêëè ñ íàçâàíèÿìè áîëåçíåé . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 62. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè â ôóíêöèè ïðèëîæåíèÿ
è ïðåäèêàòèâà (÷àñòè ñîñòàâíîãî èìåííîãî ñêàçóåìîãî) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 63. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì fruit / fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 64. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 65. Âîçâðàòíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ (myself, yourself...) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 66. Ñîñëàãàòåëüíîå íàêëîíåíèå (The Subjunctive Mood,
The Conditional Mood) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 67. I wish... (Âûðàæåíèå íåðåàëüíûõ ïîæåëàíèé) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 68. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 69. Èíôèíèòèâ (The Infinitive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 70. Ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå ( The Complex Object) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 71. Ãåðóíäèé (The Gerund) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 72. Èíôèíèòèâ è ãåðóíäèé (The Infinitive and the Gerund) . . . . . . .
Unit 73. Ïðè÷àñòèå I, II (Participle I, II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 74. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Revision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 75. Ïðåäëîãè (Prepositions). Ïðåäëîãè, âûðàæàþùèå
ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 76. Ïðåäëîãè above/below, over/under; between/among. . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 77. Ïðåäëîãè, âûðàæàþùèå âðåìåííûå îòíîøåíèÿ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 78. be on/in time, arrive in/at, at, in the end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 79. Ïîâòîðåíèå (Ïðåäëîãè). Revision Prepositions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit 80. Ïðîâåðüòå ñåáÿ (Tests) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Êëþ÷è . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ïðèëîæåíèå 1. Ïðàâèëüíûå ãëàãîëû, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå
îðôîãðàôè÷åñêèå òðóäíîñòè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ïðèëîæåíèå 2. Ïîëíûé ñïèñîê íåïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
288
289
293
296
300
303
307
314
318
324
330
338
344
349
354
359
365
371
375
378
382
385
392
399
478
480
Ïðåäèñëîâèå
Ïðåäëàãàåìîå âàøåìó âíèìàíèþ ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå «Àíãëèéñêàÿ ãðàììàòèêà XXI âåêà» ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèé êóðñ ãðàììàòèêè àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé
äëÿ ñòàðøåêëàññíèêîâ, æåëàþùèõ ïîâòîðèòü, çàêðåïèòü è ðàñøèðèòü òå áàçîâûå çíàíèÿ â àíãëèéñêîé ãðàììàòèêå, êîòîðûå
îíè ïîëó÷èëè â ñðåäíåé øêîëå. Îíî ìîæåò áûòü óñïåøíî èñïîëüçîâàíî ñòóäåíòàìè, îáó÷àþùèìèñÿ ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ ïîäãîòîâêè «Ëèíãâèñòèêà» (áàêàëàâðèàò), à òàêæå øèðîêèì êðóãîì
ëèö, èçó÷àþùèõ àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî. Áîëüøóþ
ïîìîùü êíèãà ìîæåò îêàçàòü ó÷èòåëÿì ñðåäíèõ øêîë, ãèìíàçèé, ðàçëè÷íûõ ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíûõ êóðñîâ. Ïðèíöèï ïîñòðîåíèÿ
ó÷åáíèêà äåëàåò åãî ìàêñèìàëüíî óäîáíûì â ó÷åáíîì ïðîöåññå,
òàê êàê íàëè÷èå òåîðåòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà â äîñòóïíîé ôîðìå è îáøèðíîãî ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà ïîçâîëÿåò ñäåëàòü
ïðîöåññ îáó÷åíèÿ ÿçûêó îäíîâðåìåííî èíòåðåñíûì è ýôôåêòèâíûì. Íå áóäó÷è óâÿçàííûì íè ñ îäíèì ó÷åáíèêîì, äàííîå
ïîñîáèå ìîæåò ãèáêî ñî÷åòàòüñÿ ñ ëþáûì áàçèñíûì êóðñîì àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà.
Ïîñîáèå ñîñòîèò èç 80 óðîêîâ, âêëþ÷àþùèõ òåîðåòè÷åñêèé
ìàòåðèàë è óïðàæíåíèÿ ðàçíîîáðàçíîãî õàðàêòåðà. Áîëüøîå ÷èñëî êîììóíèêàòèâíî îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ çàäàíèé äà¸ò âîçìîæíîñòü
âûâåñòè â ðå÷ü ïîëó÷åííûå çíàíèÿ è íàâûêè. Ïîñîáèåì ìîæíî
ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êàê ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèì êóðñîì, òàê êàê ìåòîäè÷åñêè
îíî ïîñòðîåíî ïî ïðèíöèïó îò ïðîñòîãî ê ñëîæíîìó è îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïîâòîðÿåìîñòü ïðîéäåííîãî ìàòåðèàëà. Îäíàêî ïðè æåëàíèè èì ìîæíî ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ âûáîðî÷íî äëÿ ñíÿòèÿ òåõ èëè èíûõ
òðóäíîñòåé. Ïîñëå ïðîõîæäåíèÿ îïðåäåë¸ííûõ ãðàììàòè÷åñêèõ
6
Предисловие
òåì äà¸òñÿ óðîê íà ïîâòîðåíèå, êîòîðûé ó÷èòåëü ìîæåò äàâàòü
â âèäå òåñòîâ.  ïîñîáèè îòðàæåíû èçìåíåíèÿ è òåíäåíöèè â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ïîñëåäíèõ äåñÿòèëåòèé. Ëåêñè÷åñêèé ìàòåðèàë
óïðàæíåíèé è òåêñòîâ èìååò ñîâðåìåííîå çâó÷àíèå. Îí îñíîâàí
íà ðåàëèÿõ íàøåé æèçíè, ôèëüìàõ, êíèãàõ, ïîïóëÿðíûõ ó ìîëîä¸æè.  ïîñîáèè äàíû îòâåòû íà ïðåîáëàäàþùåå áîëüøèíñòâî
óïðàæíåíèé. Çàäàíèÿ, êîòîðûå íåîáõîäèìî âûïîëíèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ äàííûìè îáðàçöàìè, îòâåòîâ íå ñîäåðæàò, òàê êàê èõ
âûïîëíåíèå íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò òðóäíîñòåé. Íàëè÷èå òåîðèè, ïîÿñíåíèé è êëþ÷åé ïîçâîëèò ó÷àùèìñÿ ýôôåêòèâíî îñóùåñòâèòü
ñàìîêîíòðîëü è ñàìîêîððåêöèþ ïîëó÷åííûõ çíàíèé.
Íàäååìñÿ, ÷òî ðàáîòà ïî äàííîìó ïîñîáèþ áóäåò äëÿ âàñ ïîëåçíîé è ïðèÿòíîé!
Àâòîðû
Uni
Unit
U
n
nit
ni
iitt 1
Ìåñòîèìåíèÿ
Pronouns
Ëè÷íûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ
Personal Pronouns
Единственное число
Множественное число
I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
1-е лицо
2-е лицо
3-е лицо
8
Именительный падеж
The Nominative Case
Объектный падеж
The Objective Case
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
Местоимения
Продолжение табл.
Именительный падеж
The Nominative Case
Объектный падеж
The Objective Case
Give the disc to me.
Listen to her.
We know him.
They often meet them.
I have a new disc.
She sings well.
He works every day.
They have a lot of friends.
Ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ
Possessive Pronouns
Притяжательные местоимения
Личные
местоимения
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
I have a bike.
They built a house.
She has a friend.
It is a big city.
He wrote a text.
Совмещенная форма
Местоимение +
существительное
Абсолютная форма
Местоимение
без существительного
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
mine
yours
his
hers
—
ours
theirs
It’s my bike.
It is their house.
Tim is her friend.
Its history is interesting.
His mark was good.
The bike is mine.
This house isn’t theirs.
Tim is a friend of hers.
—
The best test was his.
9
UNIT 1
1.1. Употребите необходимые по смыслу личные местоимения.
A. 1. ................. do my work well. 2. ................. seldom water your
flowers. 3. ...................... likes his job. 4. ...................... checks her e-mail
regularly. 5. ...................... know our duties. 6. Do ...................... cook your
own meals? 7. ................... often visit their relatives. 8. Do ......................
call your parents every day? 9. ...................... washes his car every
week. 10. Is ................... sorry for her friends? 11. I like English, but
I find ...................... difficult.
B. 1. I love ................... family. 2. You love .................. friends. 3. He
loves ................. girl. 4. She cares for .................... boyfriend. 5. We must
look after ...................... children. 6. They are worried about ..................
future. 7. You can leave .................. things here. 8. It’s a very old
theatre. .................. history is very interesting. 9. I read this book,
but I don’t remember .................. author. 10. It’s a good dictionary,
but .................. price is very high. 11. Mind ................... own business!
1.2. Употребите необходимые по смыслу личные местоимения.
1. Mrs. Grant is our teacher. ...................... is very competent. 2. Denis
has a new bike. ...................... is cool. ...................... is happy. 3. Fred and I
are cousins. ...................... are good friends. 4. The pupils are in class
now. ...................... are taking a test. 5. My name is Victor. ......................
am your new manager. 6. I came to Moscow at five o’clock. My
friends met ...................... at the station. 7. He loves you. Do you
love ...................... ? 8. My Granny likes to come to our place. She
spends ...................... weekends with ...................... . 9. Nobody knows
these people. Do you know ...................... ? 10. Children should obey
...................... parents. Did you obey ...................... parents? 11. I am a
good pupil. ...................... marks are excellent. 12. Martin hopes that
...................... life will be happy. 13. Nina spends ...................... holidays
in the South. 14. Would you like ...................... to help you?......................
am ready to do ...................... . 15. — Where is ...................... travel card,
Miss? — I’ve lost ...................... .
1.3. Употребите необходимые по смыслу личные местоимения.
1. Íå wanted her to go to a movie with ................................ . 2. Sveta
loves ............................ dog. ...................... name is Rex. 3. The secret is
10
Местоимения
between you and ...................... . 4. His boss considered ......................
the best worker. 5. They are nice people. I like ............................. .
6. He ate an apple. ............................ was tasty. 7. I wonder whose
file ............................. is? 8. I would like you to give ...................... phone
number. 9. ...................... is five o’clock now. 10. Whose fax is
...................... ? 11. When you see Susan, give ...................... my best
regards. 12. The cat ate ...................... food happily. 13. That’s
............................ e-mail. I have to read .................................. . 14. Your bag is
beautiful. Is ...................... new? 15. I must hurry. ............................... friend
is waiting for ............................... . 16. They may be late. Don’t wait for
...................... . 17. Let ...................... go to the cinema, shall ...................... ?
18. She invited us to ...................... party. ...................... were happy about
it. 19. They called ...................... yesterday. I talked to ...................... with
pleasure. 20. I lost ........................... keys. I hope I left .......................... at
the office.
Личные
Именительный
падеж
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Притяжательные
Объектный
падеж
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
Совмещенная
форма
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
Абсолютная
форма
mine
yours
his
hers
—
ours
yours
theirs
They told them (their friends) that their house was not theirs. It was
their grandfather’s.
He asked him (Max) to take his car, because his was out of order.
11
UNIT 1
Óêàçàòåëüíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ
Demonstrative Pronouns
Ед.
число
this (этот, эта, это)
this week, this year, this file,
this method, this child
that (тот, та, то)
that week, that year, that file,
that method, that child
Мн.
число
these (эти)
these weeks, these years, these
files, these methods, these
children
those (те)
those weeks, those years, those
files, those methods, those
children
Обозначают то, что ближе
к говорящему во времени
и пространстве
Обозначают то, что дальше
от говорящего во времени
и пространстве
This is our new building.
This way please.
I’m sorry to trouble you. — That’s all right.
Are you Mr. Grant? — Yes, that’s right.
Hello, this is Olga. Is this Julia? (в телефонных разговорах)
one of these days («на днях» в отношении будущего)
the other day («на днях» в отношении прошлого)
1.4. Употребите нужную форму притяжательных местоимений.
1. This computer belongs to me. It’s ...................... . 2. Is this umbrella
_____, Helen? — Yes, it’s ...................... umbrella. 3. Excuse me. Is
this my file or ...................... ? — It’s ...................... . 4. You check my test
and I’ll check ...................... . 5. The cat washed itself with ......................
paws. 6. She is a cousin of ...................... . Our mothers are sisters.
7. He is a friend of ......................, Peter, isn’t he? 8. He asked ......................
a difficult question. I couldn’t answer ...................... . 9. She invited
12
Местоимения
us to ...................... party. ...................... thanked ...................... . 10. They
called ...................... yesterday. He called ...................... back at once.
11. The teacher told Boris that the best paper was ...................... .
12. You scratch ...................... back, and I’ll scratch ...................... (ïîñëîâèöà). 13. Helen is clever. That bright idea was ......................
. 14. This coffee is very good. I like ...................... smell. 15. They
showed ...................... credit cards, but we couldn’t find ...................... .
1.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ìîé êîìïüþòåð íå â ïîðÿäêå. Ìîæíî ÿ ïîðàáîòàþ íà òâî¸ì? 2. Ýòî èõ îøèáêà, íå íàøà. 3. Îí îäèí èç ìîèõ äðóçåé.
4. Ýòè äåíüãè âàøè. 5. Ìû äàëè èì íàø íîìåð òåëåôîíà,
à îíè äàëè íàì ñâîé. 6. Åãî ìàøèíà íàïðîòèâ îôèñà, à ãäå
æå ìîÿ? 7. Ó íåãî íå áûëî ñîòîâîãî òåëåôîíà, è îíà äàëà åìó
ñâîé. 8. Ýòî òâîÿ ïðîáëåìà, íå íàøà. 9. — Èçâèíè, ÿ âçÿëà
òâîþ ðó÷êó âìåñòî ñâîåé. — Âñ¸ â ïîðÿäêå. 10. Îíà ðàññêàçàëà ìíå ñâîþ èñòîðèþ, à ÿ åé ñâîþ. 11. Ñåé÷àñ ìû îòêðîåì
íàøè ïîäàðêè, à çàòåì âçãëÿíåì íà âàøè. 12. Ýòîò êñåðîêñ
âàø èëè åãî? 13. Èõ äîì áîëüøå, ÷åì íàø. 14. Åãî ãîëîñ ñèëüíåå, ÷åì å¸. 15. Ýòî òâîÿ ãîëîâíàÿ áîëü, íå ìîÿ. 16. Ðóêà ðóêó
ìîåò.
1.6. Вставьте в пропуски указательные местоимения.
1. ...................... were happy days! 2. Who is ...................... over there?
3. ...................... shoes are too small for me. 4. ...................... is my
neighbour, Tanya. 5. Do you like ...................... idea? 6. ......................
was so long ago. 7. Do you like ...................... photo? 8. You are so
kind. ...................... why I like you. 9. Give me ...................... book from
the shelf. 10. Who are ...................... people over there? 11. — Did
you hear ...................... noise last night? — ...................... was the rain.
12. Who told you ...................... story? 13. I am so tired of ......................
life! 14. ...................... was a wonderful party, thanks. 15. Why did
you choose ...................... magazines? 16. ...................... are my textbooks. 17. ...................... events changed her life. 18. ...................... news
is great. 19. ...................... is very serious. 20. ...................... was your
mistake.
13
UNIT 1
1.7. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ýòî òâîé äèñê, à ãäå æå ìîé? 2. Òâîÿ èäåÿ õîðîøàÿ, íî åãî
ëó÷øå. 3. Ýòî ìîè äðóçüÿ. 4. Ýòî áûëè åãî ïîñëåäíèå ñëîâà.
5. Ìíå íðàâÿòñÿ ýòè òóôëè. 6. Ýòè ëþäè èç Àíãëèè, à òå ëþäè
èç Ôðàíöèè. 7. Ýòîò âîïðîñ òðóäíûé, íî äóìàþ, ÷òî îòâå÷ó íà
íåãî. 8. Ýòî áûëè ñ÷àñòëèâûå âðåìåíà! 9. — Ýòî áûëà áîëüøàÿ
îøèáêà. — Äà, ýòî âåðíî. 10. Ýòî íîâûå âèäåîôèëüìû. Ïîñìîòðè èõ. 11. Ýòà ìàøèíà íå â ïîðÿäêå. 12. Ýòî ñëó÷èëîñü ìíîãî
ëåò íàçàä. 13. — Ïðèâåò, ýòî Ñâåòà? (ïî òåëåôîíó) — Íåò, ýòî
å¸ ñåñòðà Íàäÿ. 14. Íà ýòîé íåäåëå ÿ ïîéäó â òåàòð. 15. Ýòî
áûëî óìíîå ðåøåíèå. 16. Ýòè ðàññêàçû î÷åíü èíòåðåñíûå.
17. ß íèêîãäà íå çàáóäó òîò äåíü! 18. Ýòîò ãîðîä òàêîé êðàñèâûé! 19. Ïîñìîòðè íà âîí òå êàðòèíû. 20. Áûòü èëè íå áûòü —
âîò â ÷¸ì âîïðîñ. 21. Äàâàé âñòðåòèìñÿ íà äíÿõ. 22. ß ïîçâîíþ
òåáå íà äíÿõ. 23. ß ÷àñòî ïîñåùàþ Ëîíäîí. ß ëþáëþ ýòîò ãîðîä. 24. — Ãäå âûõîä? — Ñþäà, ïîæàëóéñòà. 25. Ýòî ëåòî áûëî
äîæäëèâûì. 26. Òå íîìåðà áûëè çàáëîêèðîâàíû. 27. Ýòè öèôðû íåâåðíû. 28. Ýòî âàøè äåíüãè. 29. Ýòî áûë î÷åíü ðèñêîâàííûé áèçíåñ. 30. Ýòî áûëè íàøè ëó÷øèå äåíüêè.
1.8 Прочитайте диалог и прокомментируйте выделенные слова.
AT THE OFFICE
George: Whose flowers are these?
Fred: They are mine. They are for my wife. It’s our tenth
anniversary today.
G.: Ours is in July, on the 25th of July, to be precise.
F.: So I’ve got these flowers for her. Does yours have flowers, too?
G.: Oh, yes. Mine always has flowers. They are always “With
Love, From Me To You”.
F.: That’s very romantic. Does your wife have chocolates, too?
G.: Oh, yes, she always has milk chocolates on her anniversary.
She has a passion for them.
F.: It’s amazing, isn’t it? Mine has milk chocolates too, and they
always have sweet centres.
G.: Extraordinary! Women are funny creatures.
F.: Theirs is a strange existence. On one day of the year they
are romantic and for the rest of the year…
G.: Well, Happy Anniversary, Fred!
F.: Thank you, George, you are very kind.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 2
Ãëàãîë tî be
«áûòü», íàõîäèòüñÿ,
ñóùåñòâîâàòü, èìåòüñÿ
My name is Denis.
I am twenty.
My parents are teachers.
I’m Russian.
My hobby is travelling.
We are happy.
You are right.
He is smart.
Число
Ед.
число
Мн.
число
Утвердительная форма
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
am
is
are
(I’m)
(he’s)
(she’s)
(it’s)
I’m young. I am a student.
He is rich. He’s a businessman.
She’s my friend. She is very sweet.
It’s summer. It’s warm and sunny.
(we’re)
(you’re)
(they’re)
We’re your neighbours.
You’re our new programmers.
They’re tourists from Australia.
15
UNIT 2
В русском языке глагол-связка быть,
иметься, находиться опускается.
Я (есть) учитель.
Он (есть) занят.
Мы (находимся) здесь.
Это (есть) хорошо.
В английском языке глагол-связка
be никогда не опускается!
I’m a teacher.
Не is busy.
We are here.
It is good.
Вопросительная форма
Am
Is
Are
I ... ?
he ... ?
she ... ?
it ... ?
Am I right or am I wrong?
Is he in London now?
Is she your cousin?
Is it really important?
we ... ?
you ... ?
they... ?
Are we no longer friends?
Are you good partners?
Are they good lawyers?
Отрицательная форма
I
he
she
it
we
you
they
am not
is not
are not
(I’m not)
(he isn’t)
(she isn’t)
(it isn’t)
I’m not right.
He isn’t in London now.
She isn’t my cousin.
It isn’t really important.
(we aren’t)
(you aren’t)
(they aren’t)
We aren’t friends any longer.
You aren’t good partners.
They aren’t good lawyers.
to be in (быть дома, в офисе и т.д.)
to be in order (быть исправным,
работать)
16
to be out/away (отсутствовать, не быть
дома, в офисе и т.д.)
to be out of order (сломаться,
не работать)
Глагол tо be
to be eager (очень чего-то хотеть)
to be over (закончиться)
to be sorry (сожалеть о чём-то)
to be on duty (дежурить)
to be fond of (увлекаться чем-то)
to be sure (быть уверенным)
to be hungry (thirsty, hot, cold, lucky,
miserable, smart, cool, ...)
to be out of service (быть вне зоны
обслуживания, о телефоне)
2.1. Употребите правильную форму глагола to be.
1. Who ...................... you? What ...................... your name? Where
...................... you from? How old ...................... you? 2. I ...................... Maria.
I ...................... a Muscovite. I ...................... twenty. I ...................... a student. 3. — Where ...................... your parents? — They ...................... at
work now. My father ................... a doctor, and my mother ..................
a nurse. 4. This ...................... my friend, Nikita. He ...................... an actor. All his friends .................. actors too. 5. — I ...................... happy. My
life .................. great. .................. you happy? ................... everything all
right? — Yes, thank you, I ................... fine. There .................... no problems. 6. There ...................... two birds in the cage. 7. There ......................
a big bright star in the sky. 8. He ...................... a photographer.
9. ................... they your classmates? 10. There .................... many channels on our television. 11. There ...................... two computers in the
office, but there ...................... only one printer. 12. — It .................... Olga’s file. — Yes, that .................... right. 13. Denis .................... my workmate. 14. I ................... sorry, very sorry. 15. — .................. you from
this office? — Yes, I ................... . 16. The facts ................... clear. 17. —
You .................. always on my mind! — Oh, ................... I? 18. This telephone number ...................... out of service. Call back later.
2.2.
Употребите вопросительную и отрицательную формы следующих
предложений.
1. I am a teacher1. 2. My brother is an artist. 3. She is a
programmer. 4. He is a reporter. 5. We are managers. 6. I am
1
 âîïðîñèòåëüíûõ ïðåäëîæåíèÿõ ëîãè÷íî ìåíÿòü 1-å ëèöî (åä. è ìí. ÷èñëà) íà 2-å ëèöî:
I am here. — Are you here? — I am not here.
I am free. — Are you free? — I am not free.
We are busy. — Are you busy? — We aren’t busy.
We are cold. — Are you cold? — We aren’t cold.
17
UNIT 2
eager to see the world. 7. Life is hectic1. 8. The shops are closed
today. 9. Kate is at home now. 10. I am a bus driver. 11. My
keys are lost. 12. My children are very well. 13. Our students
are very good. 14. My job is well-paid. 15. The traffic is heavy
today. 16. They are Japanese. 17. Boris is in Spain. 18. English
is difficult. 19. Chinese is easy. 20. Computers are very useful.
21. Robert is a friendly boy. 22. My friends are always helpful.
2.3. Заполните пропуски правильной формой глагола to be.
1. My name ...................... Tanya. My family name ...................... Serova. It
...................... the fifth of May. I ...................... eighteen today. It ......................
a special day for me. My parents and my friends ...................... all in
our house. They ...................... eager to congratulate me. We ......................
very happy. 2. Moscow ...................... a modern city. There ......................
many sights in it. I ...................... a Muscovite and I ...................... in love
with my city. 3. It ...................... a good dictionary. Good dictionaries
...................... expensive, but as I ...................... a great book lover, my
wish ...................... to buy it. 4. Mr. Hunt ...................... out, but his wife
and children ...................... in. And I ...................... their babysitter.
5. My house ...................... comfortable. The rooms ...................... big
and bright. I ...................... happy to live in it. 6. I ...................... sure
that it ...................... a great show. Many fine actors and actresses
...................... in it. 7. It ...................... winter. It ...................... cold and snowy.
The days ...................... short, and the nights ...................... long. There
...................... practically no sun. I ...................... always miserable in this
season. 8. — I ...................... glad that you ...................... at home. Supper
...................... ready, I hope it ...................... tasty. — I ...................... sure that
it ......................, you ...................... a wonderful cook. And we ......................
very hungry and thirsty.
2.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола to be.
1. — ...................... I late? — No, you ...................... just in time, but the
boss ...................... not here yet. 2. — ...................... you cold? — Yes,
it ...................... frosty today. 3. — ...................... I right? — I ......................
afraid that you ...................... not. 4. He ...................... a cool guy. He
1
18
hectic — áóðíàÿ, íàïðÿæ¸ííàÿ.
Глагол tо be
...................... a computer genius. 5. My friends ...................... good fellows.
6. Everybody ...................... here. It ...................... time to start the class.
7. Whose books ...................... these? 8. ...................... I or ...................... you the
manager here? 9. ...................... you a chocaholic? — No, I ......................
not. 10. ...................... he your brother? — Yes, that ...................... true.
11. ...................... your life interesting? How ...................... things? How
...................... business? 12. ...................... anybody at home? — No, they
...................... out. 13. What ...................... the matter? What ......................
wrong? 14. Who ...................... those people?...................... they your
friends? 15. ...................... it warm or ...................... it cold today? — It
...................... hot outside. 16. Where ...................... my watch? 17. Where
...................... my jeans? 18. Who ...................... these people? 19. What
...................... the score? 20. — How ...................... your children? —
Thank you, they ...................... very well.
2.5. Составьте пары прилагательных по образцу:
strong-weak, right-left, intelligent-stupid
Good, black, wonderful, high, right, short, cold, expensive,
warm, heavy, rich, difficult, wet, poor, happy, upset, full, big,
busy, old, early, free, young, late, small, empty, glad, sad, dry,
easy, light, false, cheap, cool, long, bad, low, awful, white, hot,
wrong, old, new.
2.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Ýòî õîðîøî. — À ÿ äóìàþ, ÷òî ýòî ïëîõî. 2. Ïîãîäà ïðåêðàñíàÿ, à â÷åðà îíà áûëà óæàñíàÿ. Áûëî ñûðî è õîëîäíî.
3. Ïðàâà ÿ èëè æå íå ïðàâà? 4. Îí áûë áåäåí, à ñåé÷àñ î÷åíü
áîãàò. 5. — Øåô ñâîáîäåí? — Íåò, îí çàíÿò. 6. ß ðàäà, íåò, ÿ
ñ÷àñòëèâà âñòðåòèòüñÿ ñ âàìè. 7. Ýòî ë¸ãêèé òåñò, à ÿ ëþáëþ
òðóäíûå òåñòû. 8. Ýòà ìàøèíà ñòàðàÿ. ß õî÷ó êóïèòü íîâóþ.
9. — Îòâåò ïðàâèëüíûé? — Íåò, îí íåâåðíûé. 10. — Ýòî äîðîãîé ñëîâàðü? — Íåò, îí äåø¸âûé. 11. Îí íå ñòàðûé, îí âñ¸
åù¸ ìîëîä. 12. Ÿ ïàëüòî áåëîå, à øëÿïà ÷¸ðíàÿ. 13. Îí êðóòîé ïàðåíü. 14. Ýòî äëèííàÿ è ãðóñòíàÿ èñòîðèÿ. 15. — ß îïîçäàë? — Íåò, åù¸ î÷åíü ðàíî. 16. Ìû óâåðåíû, ÷òî îíè óæå
çäåñü. 17. Ïîäðîñòêè óâëåêàþòñÿ (ëþáÿò) ýòó ïîïóëÿðíóþ
19
UNIT 2
ãðóïïó. 18. Íàì æàëü ïðîùàòüñÿ. 19. Ëåêöèÿ îêîí÷åíà. 20. Ìíå
òàê õî÷åòñÿ ñêàçàòü âàì ÷òî-òî èíòåðåñíîå.
2.7. Употребите правильную форму глагола to be.
1. Apples ...................... useful. 2. My brother ...................... a pessimist,
and I ...................... an optimist. 3. She ...................... a girl of my dreams.
4. The boss ...................... out at the moment. 5. It ...................... an important meeting. 6. These ...................... very good schools. 7. I ......................
rather shy, but my friends ...................... very brave. 8. It ...................... a
fine day today. 9. They ...................... our relatives. 10. She ...................... a
young woman. 11. These ...................... fast trains. 12. It ...................... an
interesting fact. 13. They ...................... famous detectives. 14. Your
English ...................... not bad. 15. It ...................... a modern building.
16. He ...................... not well today. 17. They ...................... not at home
now. 18. It ...................... a clever step. 19. We ...................... from London.
20. ...................... I right? — Yes, you ...................... right as usual.
2.8. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïðèâåò, êàê òû? Òû â ïîðÿäêå? Êàê æèçíü? ß ñ÷àñòëèâ
(ðàä) âàñ âèäåòü. 2. Ñåãîäíÿ ïîíåäåëüíèê. Ýòî âñåãäà òðóäíûé
äåíü. ß î÷åíü çàíÿòà. 3. — Èçâèíè, ÿ íåïðàâ, à òû ïðàâà. —
ß ñ÷àñòëèâà ñëûøàòü ýòî. 4. Ýòî âåðíî. Ýòè ôàêòû ðåàëüíû.
5. — Îí äîìà? — Íåò, åãî íåò. 6. Ñåé÷àñ 10 ÷àñîâ. ß â îôèñå. ß ìåíåäæåð. 7. Ìîÿ ãðóïïà î÷åíü áîëüøàÿ. 8. Îíà òðóäîãîëèê. 9. Ìíå æàëü, íî ýòî î÷åíü òðóäíûé âîïðîñ. 10. Îíè ìèëûå ëþäè. 11. Îí ïðåêðàñíûé ó÷èòåëü. 12. Ìîé ñûí ëåíèâûé,
íî õîðîøèé ìàëü÷èê. 13. Îíà õîðîøàÿ ñòóäåíòêà. 14. Îí ïðåñòóïíèê. 15. Òû àíãåë, òû ÷óäî. 16. Ýòî âîåííàÿ òàéíà. 17. ̸ä
î÷åíü ïîëåçåí. 18. Ìû ãîòîâû, à Êàòÿ åù¸ íåò. 19. ×àé ãîðÿ÷èé.
20. Ìû çäåñü è ìû î÷åíü ðàäû âèäåòü âàñ. 21. — ß èç Ìîñêâû,
à âû îòêóäà? — Ìû èç Ëîíäîíà. 22. — Ìîÿ ñîáàêà ìîé ëó÷øèé äðóã. — Äà, ñîáàêè âåðíûå äðóçüÿ. 23. — Ìîé êîìïüþòåð íå â ïîðÿäêå. Ìîæíî ÿ ïîðàáîòàþ íà òâî¸ì? — Ìíå æàëü,
íî îí òîæå íå ðàáîòàåò. 24. — Óðîê îêîí÷åí? — Íåò, åù¸ íå
îêîí÷åí. 25. — Âû ïåññèìèñò èëè îïòèìèñò? — ß îïòèìèñò.
26. Ýòîò íîìåð òåëåôîíà íàõîäèòñÿ âíå çîíû îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.
Ïîçâîíèòå ïîçæå.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 3
It is — There is
It употребляется в безличных предложениях для обозначения:
1) времени
What time is it?
It’s 12 o’clock.
It’s late (early, noon, night).
It’s lunchtime. It’s dinnertime.
It’s time to start the class.
2) дней, месяцев,
времен года
What day is it? — It’s Monday.
It’s November. It’s autumn.
3) расстояния
It’s far from here to the park.
It’s a long way.
— How far is it to the metro station?
— It isn’t far.
4) природных явлений
It’s fine weather today.
It’s a foggy day today.
It snows in Russia in winter.
It rains a lot in autumn.
It looks like rain (snow).
(Похоже, будет дождь/снег).
5) состояний (nice, easy,
hard, good, necessary,
difficult, interesting, cool,
exciting, wonderful, thrilling,
awful, terrible, important)
It’s nice to be young.
It’s easy to be polite.
It was good to visit you.
It’s cool to be a bodyguard.
It was awful to lose the game.
It’s interesting to travel.
21
UNIT 3
What time is it? What day is it?
How far is it to...? — It’s not far from here.
It looks like rain (snow). — Похоже, будет дождь (снег).
It’s a small world. — Мир тесен.
It’s up to you to decide. — Тебе решать.
There употребляется когда необходимо передать наличие кого-то или чегото в определённом месте или же в определённый момент времени.
There is a file on the desk.
There were a lot of people in the streets.
There was a strong wind yesterday.
There is a good comedy on TV today.
There are clouds in the sky.
It’s cloudy today.
There is a lot of snow in winter.
It snows a lot in winter.
There are many rains in October.
It’s rainy in October.
В начале сказок и историй часто употребляются:
Once there lived... Once upon a time there was...
Once upon a time there lived a princess called Fiona.
Once there was a king who was very cruel.
3.1. Прочитайте пословицы и поговорки и дайте их русские эквиваленты.
1. It’s never too late. 2. Where there’s much talk, there’s little
work. 3. There is no rose without a thorn. 4. There’s nothing
new under the moon. 5. It’s never late to learn. 6. There is no
smoke without fire. 7. There is a black sheep in every flock.
22
It is — There is
8. There is no fool like an old fool. 9. There is no medicine like
hope. 10. There is no place like home. 11. This is a small world.
12. Where there is a will, there is a way. 13. There is no place
like home when you’re not feeling well.
3.2. Вставьте в пропуски it или there.
1. ............................ is a bike parking near the metro station. .........................
is a safe place. 2. .............................. is a fax today. ............................ is
for you. 3. ........................... is a Xerox ['zǹNjrǣks] in the laboratory.
.............................. is very useful. 4. ............................ isn’t a printer to this
computer. ...................... isn’t good. 5. ............................ is always a tiny
ray of hope. ...................... is better to be optimistic. 6. ...................... is no
ink in the cartridge. Is ...................... an old one? — Yes, ...................... is.
7. ...................... are some fish and an octopus on the screen saver.
...................... is a very pleasant picture. 8. ...................... was so much rain
last summer. ...................... was really like ...................... is in England,
but ...................... was very hot there. 9. ...................... is no money left
on my account. ...................... is very, very sad. 10. ...................... is so
much information in the Internet. .............................. is really a world
of knowledge. 11. Once upon a time ................................ lived a very
kind doctor. ................................ is a famous children’s story. 12. Once
...................... was a brave captain. ...................... is a story about Captain
Cook. 13. ...................... is a fine day today! ...................... are many dog
walkers in the park. 14. ...................... is up to you to decide this
question.
3.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Çèìà. Äåêàáðü. Î÷åíü õîëîäíî. Êðóãîì ìíîãî ñíåãà. 2. Âåñíà. Àïðåëü. Òåïëî è ñîëíå÷íî. Ýòî ÷óäåñíîå âðåìÿ ãîäà. 3. Ñåãîäíÿ ñóááîòà. Ýòî ìîé ñâîáîäíûé äåíü. 4. Ïàñìóðíî, ïîõîæå,
áóäåò äîæäü. 5. — Êàêîé ñåãîäíÿ äåíü? — Ýòî ïÿòíèöà. Ìîé
ëþáèìûé äåíü. 6. — Êîòîðûé ÷àñ? — 12 ÷àñîâ. Ïîðà ëàí÷åâàòü. 7. — Áîþñü, ÷òî ÿ îïàçäûâàþ. — Òû íèêîãäà íå îïàçäûâàåøü. 8. — Äàëåêî ëè îòñþäà äî ïàðêà? — Íå î÷åíü äàëåêî. 9. — Êàêîå ñåãîäíÿ ÷èñëî? Êòî îòñóòñòâóåò? — Ñåãîäíÿ 5 Ìàðòà. Âñå çäåñü. 10. — Êòî ñåãîäíÿ äåæóðíûé? — ß äå23
UNIT 3
æóðíàÿ ñåãîäíÿ. Ìû ãîòîâû ê óðîêó. — Äà, ïîðà íà÷èíàòü
óðîê. 11. — Âðåìÿ äëÿ âòîðîãî çàâòðàêà. — Äà, óæå 12 ÷àñîâ.
Õî÷åòñÿ ïèòü. 12. Ýòî òðóäíûé âîïðîñ. Íåîáõîäèìî ðåøèòü
åãî. 13. Ìèð òåñåí. Â íåì òàê ìíîãî ëþäåé, êîòîðûå çíàþò
äðóã äðóãà. 14.  Ëîíäîíå âñåãäà ìíîãî òóðèñòîâ.  àíãëèéñêîé ñòîëèöå ñòîëüêî äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòåé. 15. Òåáå ñîîáùåíèå íà äèñïëåå. Îíî ñðî÷íîå.
3.4. Вставьте в пропуски it или there.
1. ...................... is autumn. ...................... is getting cold. ...................... usually
gets dark very early. 2. ...................... were many people on the bus.
...................... was a peak hour. 3. — ...................... is no wind today. —
Yes, ...................... isn’t windy. 4. ...................... are twelve months in the
year, ......................... is a fact. 5. ...................... is a long way from here
to the airport. But ......................... is a taxi at the stop. 6. ...........................
was a fine day. ...................................... were a lot of people in the park.
7. ............................. is something I’d like to tell you. ............................ is
very important. 8. ............................... is a new book. ................................ are
many interesting facts in it. 9. ...................... isn’t a difficult task.
...................... are many ways to do it. 10. We can’t take any pictures. ...................... isn’t a film in the camera. ............................. is such
a pity! 11. ............................ is warm in the room. .................................... is a
fireplace here. 12. ................................... was a lot of snow last winter.
................................. was a cold winter. 13. — Is ...................... snowing? —
No, ...................... is raining hard. ...................... are dark clouds in the
sky. 14. ...................... is a supermarket down the street. ...................... is a
five minute walk from here. ...................... is close to the bus station.
15. — Who is that man? — ...................... is Mr. Smith, our director.
16. — ...................... is a question I’d like to ask you. — Is ......................
difficult? 17. ...................... is a good question, and I’ll try to answer
it. Sometimes ............................. are questions that you can’t answer.
18. ...................... is about ten o’clock. ...................... is little time left before the lecture starts. 19. ...................... is an island in the ocean.
...................... is a small island, but ...................... are many hotels there.
20. — What’s this? — ............................. is a secret file. ...................... is
very important information in it.
24
It is — There is
3.5. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения.
1. — ×òî íàõîäèòñÿ â ýòîì êðàñèâîì çäàíèè? — Ýòî ïåäàãîãè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò. Ýòî íîâûé óíèâåðñèòåò. — À ÿ ðåøèë,
÷òî ýòî áàíê. — Íåò, åñòü íåñêîëüêî áàíêîâ íà ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîé ñòîðîíå óëèöû. — Ýòî òèõàÿ è êðàñèâàÿ óëî÷êà ñòàðîé
Ìîñêâû. Ìíå çäåñü íðàâèòñÿ. 2. Ðÿäîì ñ ìåòðî åñòü áîëüøîé
òîðãîâûé öåíòð «Àòðèóì». Ýòî íåäàëåêî îò íàøåãî óíèâåðñèòåòà.  í¸ì ìíîãî ðàçëè÷íûõ ìàëåíüêèõ ìàãàçèíîâ. Íåêîòîðûå äîðîãèå, íåêîòîðûå íåò. Åñòü õîðîøèå ìàãàçèíû äëÿ ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé. Ïðèÿòíî çàéòè â íåãî, ïîõîäèòü ïî ìàãàçèíàì
è âûïèòü ÷àøêó ÷àÿ â êàôå. 3. Íà ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîé ñòîðîíå
ýòîé óëèöû åñòü êíèæíûé ìàãàçèí. Åãî ëåãêî íàéòè. Íà í¸ì
âèñèò âûâåñêà. Ýòî íîâûé ìàãàçèí. Îí äîñòàòî÷íî áîëüøîé.
 í¸ì ìíîãî ðàçëè÷íûõ êíèã è ó÷åáíèêîâ. Êîãäà âû èä¸òå
òóäà, âàæíî çíàòü, ÷òî âû õîòèòå êóïèòü. Òàì åñòü ïðîäàâöû,
êîòîðûå ïîìîãàþò íàéòè êíèãè. Ïðèÿòíî íàéòè òàì ÷òî-òî íîâîå è èíòåðåñíîå. 4. ×òî íàõîäèòñÿ â âàøåì õîëîäèëüíèêå? —
Î, ýòî áîëüøîé õîëîäèëüíèê.  í¸ì äâå êàìåðû è â í¸ì ìíîãî ðàçëè÷íûõ ïðîäóêòîâ. Åñòü ñûð, ìàñëî, ìîëîêî, äæåì, ñîê.
 ìîðîçèëêå åñòü ìÿñî, ðûáà, ìîðîæåíîå.  í¸ì òàêæå åñòü
ôðóêòû è îâîùè.
3.6. Вставьте в пропуски it или there.
1. ...................... is the middle of December now. ...................... are ten days
left before Christmas. 2. ...................... is not any money in the safe,
sir, ...................... is empty. ...................... was someone here. 3. ...................... is
hot all the year round on Bali, that’s why ...................... are always a
lot of tourists there. 4. ...................... is so much work to do. ......................
is necessary to start today. 5. ...................... is a very expensive hotel,
but ...................... are not any vacant rooms in it. 6. ...................... was no
news yesterday. ...................... was Sunday. ...................... is usually our
day-off. 7. ...................... is nobody in, ...................... is still very early.
But ...................... are two guards at the entrance. 8. ...................... is your
duty to look after the children. ...................... are so many dangers
around. 9. Look! ...................... is a star in the sky. ...................... is the
North Star. ...................... is big and bright. 10. Once upon a time
25
UNIT 3
...................... lived an old man near the blue sea. 11. ...................... was a
fish in the net. ...................... was not an ordinary fish, ...................... was
a golden fish. 12. ...................... was a misprint in text five. ......................
was a bad mistake. 13. ...................... was night, ...................... was
two o’clock in the morning, ...................... were no people around.
14. ...................... is a good magazine. ...................... is so much useful
information in it. 15. ...................... is so pleasant to stay at home.
...................... are no classes today. 16. ...................... is a tray on the table
for you. ...................... is lunchtime. 17. ...................... was such a boring
film! ...................... weren’t many people in the cinema. 18. ......................
was a strange object in the sky. I was sure that ...................... was a
flying saucer. 19. ...................... is common knowledge that ......................
is no place like home. 20. ...................... was just an accident. ......................
were too many cars on the road.
3.7. А. Употребите it или there.
1. — How many colours are ...................... in the rainbow? —
...................... is a fact that ...................... are seven colours in it.
2. ...................... is some juice in the bottle. ...................... is orange juice.
3. ...................... is a note for you on the desk. ...................... is from
David. 4. ...................... is a karaoke club in this street. ...................... is
very popular. 5. ...................... is such a pity that ...................... is only one
birthday in the year! 6. ...................... is a garden behind the house
but ...................... is very small. 7. ...................... is a new university.
...................... are fifteen faculties in it. 8. ...................... is a big bookshop.
...................... are many good books in it. 9. ...................... was a surprise
in the box. ...................... was a beautiful watch. 10. ...................... was a
flower in the vase. ...................... was a tulip. 11. ...................... is a cheese
festival in Hungary every year. ...................... is a wonderful holiday.
12. ...................... is thirty miles to our country house. ...................... is
to the South. 13. — How far is ...................... to the cafe? — Well,
...................... is one near the supermarket. ...................... is small but
...................... is a big choice of cakes there. — Thanks, ...................... is
very kind of you to help me. 14. How many letters are ......................
in this word?...................... is a long word. 15. ...................... is no news
from home. ...................... makes me unhappy.
26
It is — There is
В. Опишите, что вы храните:
à) â ÿùèêå ïèñüìåííîãî ñòîëà;
á) â ñåéôå;
â) â êàðìàíàõ, ñóìêå, êîøåëüêå
3.8. A. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Â íàøåì âîêàáóëÿðå òàê ìíîãî âîëøåáíûõ ñëîâ — «ñïàñèáî», «èçâèíèòå», «ìíå æàëü». Ïîëüçóéòåñü èìè! 2. Îêîëî ìåòðî
åñòü áîëüøîé âîêçàë. Ýòî Êóðñêèé âîêçàë. 3. Æèëà-áûëà äåâî÷êà. Ÿ çâàëè Àëèñà. 4. Ýòî ìàëåíüêîå êàôå, íî â í¸ì âñåãäà åñòü âêóñíûå ïèðîæêè. 5. Æèë äà áûë îäèí êîðîëü. Çâàëñÿ
îí Ëóè Âòîðîé. 6. Åñòü âîïðîñ, êîòîðûé ÿ õî÷ó çàäàòü âàì, íî
îí ëè÷íûé. 7. Íà íåáå ðàäóãà. Îíà î÷åíü êðàñèâàÿ.  íåé ñåìü
öâåòîâ. 8. — Ñêîëüêî äíåé â äåêàáðå? — Ýòî ïîñëåäíèé ìåñÿö
ãîäà.  í¸ì òðèäöàòü îäèí äåíü. 9. Êàæäûé ãîä âî Ôðàíöèè è
Èòàëèè ïðîõîäèò ôåñòèâàëü øîêîëàäà (a chocolate festival).
Ýòî èíòåðåñíûé ïðàçäíèê. 10. Íà ìî¸ì ñòîëå íîâûé êîìïüþòåð. Ýòî íîóòáóê. 11. Âî Ôëîðèäå åñòü ìîðñêîé ëàãåðü. Ýòî
ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé ëàãåðü. 12. Ñåãîäíÿ ïàñìóðíî. Ïîõîæå, áóäåò
äîæäü. 13. Äëÿ âàñ åñòü ýëåêòðîííîå ïèñüìî. Îíî î÷åíü âàæíîå. 14. Àíãëèÿ — ýòî îñòðîâ. Íà í¸ì ìíîãî áîëüøèõ è ìàëåíüêèõ ãîðîäîâ. 15. Ìèð òåñåí.  í¸ì òàê ìíîãî ëþäåé, êîòîðûå çíàþò äðóã äðóãà.
В. Коммуникативное задание.
Ðàññêàæèòå î ñâî¸ì ðàéîíå, óëèöå, äîìå, êâàðòèðå. Èñïîëüçóéòå êîíñòðóêöèè there is (are)/was (were)/will be, it is/
was/will be.
3.9. Употребите it’s или its.
1. I like Moscow. I like ...................... streets and squares. 2. ......................
a new magazine. ...................... price isn’t high. 3. What a beautiful
book! ...................... cover is so bright. 4. ...................... a big company.
...................... main office is in New York. 5. The baby elephant called
...................... mother. 6. ...................... a long way from here to there.
7. ...................... not too bad. 8. The cat was playing with ......................
27
UNIT 3
tail. 9. Well, I don’t know. ...................... up to you. 10. ......................
snowing out there. 11. ...................... Tuesday today. 12. — We like
the place. ...................... so beautiful. What’s ...................... name? —
...................... Kuskovo. 13. ...................... me! Open the door! 14. ......................
a great painting. ...................... very expensive, ...................... price is a
secret. 15. He liked London for ...................... style. 16. ...................... very
important. 17. The baby lay in ...................... carrycot. 18. The group
had ...................... last exam yesterday. 19. ...................... a complete
waste of time. 20. Eat more fruit. ...................... good for you.
21. Well, ...................... so good to be here with you. 22. ......................
such a surprise for me! 23. ...................... a new word. I don’t know
...................... meaning. 24. Every city has ...................... own face. 25. I'm
going to buy this sweater. I like .......................................... colour.
3.10 Прочитайте и переведите следующие стихи.
Once there lived a young man,
Named Paul,
Who was going to a fancy ball,
He thought he would risk it
And go as a biscuit.
But a big dog ate him up in the hall.
There was a crooked man,
And he walked a crooked mile,
He found a crooked sixpence
Against a crooked stile;
He bought a crooked cat,
Which caught a crooked mouse.
And they all live together
In a little crooked house.
There is a fireman with an hour glass.
And in his pocket is a portrait of the queen.
He likes to keep his fire engine clean.
It’s a clean machine.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 4
Èìÿ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå
The Noun
Нарицательные
Common
Конкретные
(материальные,
относящиеся
к какому-то классу...)
Concrete
a book
a disk
a computer
children
friends
cities
wood
iron
water
jam
paper
oil
Собственные
Proper
Абстрактные Собирательные
Abstract
Collective
Личные Географические
Personal
Geographic
success
news
progress
advice
freedom
love
friendship
democracy
Peter
Nikitin
Mary
Brown
Kate
the
Stones
police
people
clothes
glasses
team
jeans
company
Mass Media
Moscow
Russia
London
England
Italy
Rome
Исчисляемые
Неисчисляемые
ед. ч. — мн. ч.
ед. ч.
an idea — ideas
a fish — fish
a child — children
an apple — apples
a printer — printers
Material
milk
sugar
glass
bread
iron
Abstract
news
weather
money
information
knowledge
29
UNIT 4
Продолжение табл.
Исчисляемые
Неисчисляемые
Употребляются с:
is/are
has/have
many, a lot of
(a) few, several
a/the
some
is
has
much, a lot of
(a) little
the
some
4.1. Распределите следующие слова в две колонки: исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные.
An orange, a person, an album, butter, cakes, juice, children,
chalk, a fish1, wood, a sheep, a ship, iron, love, a piece, a mouse,
a deer, books, a toy, petrol, gold, silver, meat, a key, time,
progress, cream, paper, a paper, yogurt, money, gas, chairs, a
case, a star, water, fruit1.
4.2. Дайте множественное число следующих существительных.
a toy ............................................................
a cry ............................................................
a dictionary ...........................................
a boy ...........................................................
a story .......................................................
a country .................................................
a person ....................................................
a match ....................................................
a potato ....................................................
an orange ................................................
a shelf ........................................................
a leaf ...........................................................
a chief ........................................................
a wife .........................................................
a roof ..........................................................
1
30
Ñì. Unit 63.
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
fish ..........................................................
sheep .....................................................
ship .........................................................
deer ........................................................
man ........................................................
child .......................................................
woman .................................................
tooth ......................................................
foot .........................................................
handkerchief .................................
cliff .........................................................
key ..........................................................
half .........................................................
city ..........................................................
boss .........................................................
Имя существительное
4.3. Употребите is или are.
1. Big money ...................... hard to hide. 2. There ...................... big fish
in this river. 3. Clothes ...................... very important to her. 4. It
...................... front-page news. 5. The traffic ...................... bumper to
bumper today. 6. His hair ...................... getting thin, though he is
only thirty. 7. There ...................... a hair on your plate. 8. Your earrings ...................... so beautiful! 9. This news ...................... hard to believe. 10. The fish in this river ...................... dying. 11. The scissors ...................... on the table. 12. These sunglasses ...................... so
cool! 13. The pyjamas ...................... made of cotton. 14. The luggage
...................... too heavy. 15. The advice ...................... timely. 16. The
headphones ...................... in the laboratory. 17. Fruit ...................... very
useful. 18. Your jeans ...................... fashionable. 19. ...................... the police here? 20. Mass Media ...................... the Press, Radio and Television. 21. There ...................... a few hairs on your jacket. 22. My
furniture ...................... made of wood. 23. ...................... there any fish
in the Neva? 24. ...................... there any fish on the menu? 25. Her
clothes ...................... very expensive.
4.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïîëèöèÿ óæå â çäàíèè. 2. Äâà ïîëèöåéñêèõ îñìàòðèâàþò
ãàðàæ. 3. Ìîè äðóçüÿ — õîðîøèå ëþäè. 4. Ìûøè ëþáÿò ñûð.
5.  äîìå åñòü ìûøè? 6. Âñå ìîè äåíüãè ïîòðà÷åíû. 7. Åñòü
êàêèå-ëèáî äåíüãè íà ìî¸ì ñ÷¸òå? 8.  ýòîì áàíêîìàòå âîîáùå íåò äåíåã. 9. Äæèíñû âñåãäà â ìîäå. 10. Òàêàÿ îäåæäà
ñåé÷àñ íå â ìîäå. 11. Òàêèå ñîâåòû íå äëÿ ìåíÿ. 12. Ýòî ñåêðåòíûå ñâåäåíèÿ. Íèêòî íå äîëæåí çíàòü èõ. 13. Ñåãîäíÿ
ïðåêðàñíàÿ ïîãîäà. 14. Åãî çíàíèÿ — ýòî ðåçóëüòàò óïîðíîé
ðàáîòû. 15. Îáðàçîâàíèå — ñàìîå ëó÷øåå êàïèòàëîâëîæåíèå.
16. Ãäå ìîè ñîëíå÷íûå î÷êè? Ãäå ÿ èõ îñòàâèëà? 17. Íîæíèöû îñòðûå? 18. Æèçíü åñòü æèçíü. 19. Ëþáîâü òâîðèò ÷óäåñà.
20. Îòñóòñòâèå íîâîñòåé — óæå õîðîøàÿ íîâîñòü. 21. Îí ïîëó÷èë ïåðâîêëàññíîå îáðàçîâàíèå â Îêñôîðäñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå. 22. Ìû ïîêà íè÷åãî íå ìîæåì ñäåëàòü, ÷òîáû êîíòðîëèðîâàòü ïîãîäó. 23. Äåíüãè î÷åíü âàæíû, îñîáåííî êîãäà èõ ó
âàñ íåò. 24. Èíôîðìàöèÿ ïðàâèò ìèðîì.
Uni
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 5
×èñëî èìåíè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî
Number
Способ
образования
1. -s
-es
a) -s
-sh
-ch
-x
-es
b) -у -ies
(после согласной)
32
Примеры
Примечания
a book — books
a desk — desks
a path — paths
[s]
a car — cars
a computer — computers
[z]
a bus — buses
a bush — bushes
a watch — watches
a box — boxes
а также:
a potato — potatoes
a tomato — tomatoes
a hero — heroes
[iz]
a cry — cries
a party — parties
a story — stories
a country — countries
a dictionary — dictionaries
Ho: -ay
-ey -ys
-oy
boys, toys, days, plays,
monkeys, joys, keys
Ho:
photos, pianos,
discos, radios, zoos,
videos, cuckoos
Число имени существительного
Продолжение табл.
Способ
образования
Примеры
с) -f/-fe -ves
a shelf — shelves
a half — halves
a life — lives
a knife — knives
a wolf — wolves
a leaf — leaves
an elf — elves
a calf — calves
2. Чередование
корневой
гласной
a man — men
a woman — women
a child — children
a foot — feet
a goose — geese
a louse — lice
a mouse — mice
a tooth — teeth
3. Совпадающие
формы
единственного и
множественного
числа
a deer — two deer
a fish — three fish
a sheep — four sheep
a swine — many swine
4. Составные
существительные
a grown-up — grown-ups
an office-block — office-blocks
a merry-go-round — merrygo-rounds
a forget-me-not — forget-menots
Названия национальностей
на -ese, -ss
a Swiss — ten Swiss
a Chinese — many Chinese
a Japanese — five Japanese
a Portuguese — a lot of
Portuguese
Примечания
Ho:
roofs,
chiefs,
cuffs,
cliffs,
handkerchiefs,
scarfs (scarves)
an ox — oxen
a fish — fishes
(различные виды
рыб)
употребляется
очень редко
mothers-in-law
passers-by
women-drivers
menservants
33
UNIT 5
5.1. Образуйте множественное число существительных, сделав все необходимые изменения по образцу:
This is a toy. — These are toys.
That is a ship. — Those are ships.
It is a child. — They are children.
1. It’s a long story. 2. This is a key. 3. That’s a new shop. 4. It’s a
fly. 5. It’s a big country. 6. He is a chief. 7. It’s a black cat. 8. That
is a clever dog. 9. It’s an orange. 10. He is a nice boy. 11. It’s a
yellow leaf. 12. She is a good wife. 13. It’s a bad tooth. 14. It’s
a strange fish. 15. It’s a beautiful deer. 16. That’s a new potato.
17. This is a red roof. 18. It’s my file. 19. She is a wonderful
child. 20. It’s a white sheep.
5.2. Дайте множественное число следующих существительных:
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
tomato ....................................................
hero ....................................................
photo ....................................................
party ....................................................
life ....................................................
wolf ....................................................
goose ....................................................
mouse ....................................................
Swiss ....................................................
Chinese ....................................................
fireman ....................................................
forget-me-not .....................................
library ....................................................
family ....................................................
mother-in law ........................................
a book ......................................................
a day .........................................................
a play ........................................................
a lottery ..................................................
a euro .......................................................
a monkey ...............................................
a passer-by ..........................................
an American .......................................
a German ..............................................
a battery ................................................
a fisherman .........................................
a swine ....................................................
a Japanese ............................................
an ox .........................................................
a video ....................................................
5.3. Образуйте множественное число существительных, сделав все необходимые изменения.
1. She is a lady. 2. Íå is a gentleman. 3. Íå is an honest partner. 4. She is a good translator. 5. He is an accountant. 6. It is a
mouse. 7. It’s a butterfly. 8. He is a fisherman. 9. She is a Swiss.
10. It’s a swine. 11. It’s an ox. 12. That is a wild goose. 13. There
is a sheep in the field. 14. There is a ship in the sea. 15. There is
34
Число имени существительного
a mouse in the kitchen. 16. There is a Vietnamese in our group.
17. He is a passer-by. 18. It’s a forget-me-not. 19. It’s a good
dictionary. 20. He is an Englishman. 21. I’m a teenager. 22. This
is a good offer. 23. I am an expert on business. 24. That man is a
German. 25. This woman is a Chinese.
5.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ìîèìè ó÷èòåëÿìè â øêîëå áûëè â îñíîâíîì æåíùèíû.
2.  íàøåì ãîðîäå åñòü ìíîãî õîðîøèõ ìàãàçèíîâ äëÿ ìóæ÷èí. 3. Äåòè — öâåòû æèçíè. 4. Ðàáîòà — ëó÷øåå ëåêàðñòâî.
5. Ìíîãèå ëþäè ñåé÷àñ äåðæàò ìûøåé, êðûñ, çìåé, ïîðîñÿò
â êà÷åñòâå äîìàøíèõ æèâîòíûõ. 6. Îëåíè î÷åíü êðàñèâûå
æèâîòíûå. 7. Ãóñè ñïàñëè Äðåâíèé Ðèì ìíîãî âåêîâ íàçàä.
8. Â ýòîé ðåêå åñòü ìíîãî ðûáû. 9. Ðûáà âêóñíàÿ? Îíà òåáå
íðàâèòñÿ? 10. Òâîè ÷àñû ñïåøàò. 11. — Ãäå ìîè ÷àñû? — Îíè
íà ñòîëå. 12. Îâöû äàþò íàì øåðñòü. 13. Çóáû ýòîé àêòðèñû î÷åíü áåëûå. 14. Ìîè íîãè óñòàëè. Äàâàé ñÿäåì. 15. Äàíòèñòû ëå÷àò íàøè çóáû. 16.  ïîäâàëå äîìà åñòü ìûøè. 17. Âû
ìîæåòå óâèäåòü íåñêîëüêî áûêîâ â ïîëå. 18. Ìóæ÷èíû áîëåå
÷óâñòâèòåëüíû (sensitive), ÷åì æåíùèíû.
5.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ìíå íóæíî ïîìåíÿòü áàòàðåéêó â ÷àñàõ. Îíè íå ðàáîòàþò.
2. Ýòè íàñòåííûå ÷àñû âñåãäà îòñòàþò. 3. Äâà âîëêà çàáðàëèñü íî÷üþ â äåðåâíþ è óáèëè òð¸õ îâåö. 4. Íà ýòîì îçåðå
åñòü äèêèå ãóñè. 5. Ñâèíüè — óìíûå æèâîòíûå. 6.  ýòîì ïàðêå åñòü íåñêîëüêî êàðóñåëåé. 7. Ìíå î÷åíü íðàâÿòñÿ ôèàëêè.
8. Ìîæíî ìíå âçãëÿíóòü íà ýòè ôîòîãðàôèè? 9. Íóæíî êóïèòü
êàðòîôåëü è ïîìèäîðû. 10. Íåêîòîðûå æåíùèíû òîæå èãðàþò
â ôóòáîë. 11. Ðîäèòåëè äîëæíû íå òîëüêî êîðìèòü è îäåâàòü
ñâîèõ äåòåé, îíè äîëæíû ðàçãîâàðèâàòü ñ íèìè. 12.  ìî¸ì
êîìïüþòåðå åñòü âñÿ íåîáõîäèìàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ ïî ýòîìó âîïðîñó. 13. Âàøè ñîâåòû ïðåêðàñíû, è ÿ èì ïîñëåäóþ. 14. Êèòàéöû èçîáðåëè ïîðîõ (gunpowder), ÷åðíèëà, áóìàãó è ìíîãî
äðóãèõ ïîëåçíûõ âåùåé. 15. ßïîíöû è âüåòíàìöû åäÿò ìíîãî
ðèñà è ðûáû. 16. Øâåéöàðöû ãîâîðÿò íà íåìåöêîì, ôðàíöóçñêîì, èòàëüÿíñêîì ÿçûêàõ.
Unit
U
nit
n it 6
Òèïû âîïðîñîâ ñ ãëàãîëîì tî be
1. Общий
(General)
Yes/No questions
— Am I right? — Yes, you are. (No, you
aren’t.)
— Is that your CD? — Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.)
— Are they here? — Yes, they are. (No, they
aren’t.)
2. Специальный
(Special)
Who, Whose, What, When, How,
How many, How much, Why,
Where, Which, What kind of...
Who is it? Who are they? Whose book is it?
What is that? What is there...?
When is your birthday? How is life?
How far is...? How old is your son?
Why is it so? Where are the keys?
Where is the car?
Which is your file? What kind of film is it?
3. Выборочный
(Alternative)
«или... или»
Am I right or am I wrong?
Is it your CD or is it mine?
Are they in or are they out?
4. Разделительный
(Disjunctive, Tag-question)
«не так ли?», «ведь...?», «не
правда ли?»
It’s late, isn’t it?
They are busy, aren’t they?
There is a piano in the hall, isn’t there?
These are good books, aren’t they?
English is difficult, isn’t it?
I am your boss, aren’t I?
I am right, aren’t I?
36
English isn’t difficult, is it?
I am not your boss, am I?
I am not right, am I?
Типы вопросов с глаголом tо be
Everybody is here, aren’t they?
Nobody is angry, are they?
— Who is he? — He is Peter Brown. (личность человека)
— What is he? — He is a doctor. (профессия человека)
6.1.
Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. It’s five o’clock now. 2. They are bad boys. 3. This film is
a thriller. 4. It’s a good job. 5. They are nice people. 6. I am a
workaholic. 7. There are seven students in this group. 8. My
mother is forty years old. 9. It is far from here to the metro
station. 10. I am late. 11. She is a shopaholic. 12. We are fond
of music. 13. They are eager to meet you. 14. They are friends.
15. Many people now are gameaholics.
6.2. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.
1. There are two computers in the office. 2. This is a new printer.
3. It is three miles to the shop. 4. There is a mistake in the text.
5. They are famous detectives. 6. It’s Mary’s book. 7. It’s Sunday
today. 8. He is in Paris now. 9. Mr. Parker is my teacher. 10. He
is a lawyer. 11. This is an important question. 12. They are
artists. 13. Marina is a secretary. 14. Henry is twenty years old.
15. This is a colour printer.
6.3. Поставьте выборочные (альтернативные) вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. She is thirty. 2. It’s warm today. 3. It’s late. 4. I am cold.
5. They are free now. 6. He is a manager. 7. It’s a good idea.
8. There are three computers in the office. 9. It’s a nice day
today. 10. They are football fans. 11. She is in London at the
37
UNIT 6
moment. 12. They are good children. 13. It’s eleven o’clock now.
14. There are two mistakes in the text. 15. They are usually at
home on Sunday.
6.4. Поставьте разделительные вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. That’s our university. 2. These are our students. 3. He isn’t
happy. 4. We are not rich. 5. She is never late. 6. He is very
poor. 7. Latin is a dead language. 8. Chinese isn’t an easy language. 9. His family isn’t big. 10. They are not friendly people.
11. There is much traffic on the road today. 12. We are free
now. 13. I am your friend. 14. I am not your sponsor. 15. They
are very busy at the moment. 16. There is useful information on
this site. 17. The scissors aren’t on the table. 18. You are not a
teenager any more.
6.5.
Выберите из правой колонки правильный вариант разделительного
вопроса.
1. It’s a difficult question,
2. German isn’t a global language,
3. Cats are wonderful pets,
4. He isn’t aggressive,
5. Everybody is happy,
6. I am a lucky person,
7. There is a lot of light in the house,
8. There aren’t any chances to win,
9. I am right,
10. Pigs are not nice pets,
11. We are partners,
12. I am not a dreamer,
13. Her clothes are new,
14. I am not right,
15. Nobody is late for my class,
a.
b.
ñ.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
1.
m.
n.
o.
are they?
aren’t I?
isn’t there?
is it?
are they?
are there?
aren’t I?
is he?
aren’t we?
am I?
isn’t it?
aren’t they?
aren’t they?
aren’t they?
am I?
6.6. Поставьте разделительные вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. There are many stars in the sky. 2. He is a star in showbiz. 3. Something is wrong. 4. She is never happy. 5. It’s fine
38
Типы вопросов с глаголом tо be
weather today. 6. It isn’t my day today. 7. There is a fax for
her. 8. There aren’t any messages for us. 9. Money is important.
10. Mice aren’t nice. 11. There is a lot of snow in the streets.
12. These are not your papers. 13. It’s late. 14. These are good
examples. 15. These are not correct data. 16. She isn’t old. 17. He
isn’t young. 18. I am on duty today. 19. They are not friends.
20. You are not a chocaholic.
6.7. Переведите следующие предложения.
1 . — Êòî ýòîò ïàðåíü? — Ýòî Äèìà. Îí ìîé äðóã. 2. — ×åì îí
çàíèìàåòñÿ? (Êòî îí?) — Îí ñòóäåíò. 3. — Êòî ýòè ëþäè? —
Îíè íàøè ñîñåäè. — ×åì îíè çàíèìàþòñÿ? (Êòî îíè?) — Îíè
ñëóæàùèå. 4. — ×üÿ ýòî ïàïêà? — Îíà ìîÿ. 5. — Êàêîãî ðîäà
ýòà ðàáîòà? — Îíà íåïëîõàÿ. 6. — Ñêîëüêî ëåò òâîåé æåíå?
Ñêîëüêî ëåò òâîèì äåòÿì? — Âû âåäü íå èíñïåêòîð, íå ïðàâäà ëè? 7. Â Àíãëèè ìíîãî õîðîøèõ òðàäèöèé, íå òàê ëè? 8. —
×òî ýòî çà ôèëüì? — Ýòî êîìåäèÿ. 9. — Êîòîðûé èç ýòèõ
äèñêîâ òâîé? — Îíè âñå ìîè. 10. — Êàê âû? Êàê æèçíü? Êàê
ðîäèòåëè? — Âñ¸ ïðåêðàñíî, ñïàñèáî. 11. — Ïî÷åìó òû òàêàÿ ïå÷àëüíàÿ?  ÷¸ì äåëî? — ß ïðîñòî ãîëîäíà è õî÷ó ñïàòü.
12. — Êîãäà òâîé äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ? — Ýòî ñåêðåò. 13. — ß ïðàâ
èëè íå ïðàâ? — Ýòî òðóäíî ñêàçàòü. 14. — Ãäå ó÷åíèêè? Ãäå
ó÷èòåëü? — Îíè â çàëå. Òàì êîíöåðò. 15. Ýòî íå î÷åíü-òî õîðîøàÿ èäåÿ, íå ïðàâäà ëè? 16. — Ïî÷åìó âû çäåñü? — ß íîâûé ñåêðåòàðü. Êàêèå ìîè îáÿçàííîñòè? 17. — ×òî îí çà ÷åëîâåê? — Îí ÷åñòíûé ÷åëîâåê è ïîìåøàí íà ðàáîòå. 18. Òû
âåäü íå ñåðäèøüñÿ íà íàñ, íå òàê ëè? 19. — Îí âåäü íå ãàíãñòåð, íå ïðàâäà ëè? — Íó êîíå÷íî æå íåò. 20. — Òû — êíèãîëþá? — Äà, è ÿ âåëèêèé ïóòåøåñòâåííèê. 21. Íó ïî÷åìó
ýòî âñåãäà òàê? Ìíå òàê íå âåç¸ò. 22. Êòî ãîâîðèò, ÷òî æèçíü
ñêó÷íà? Òîëüêî íå ÿ! Åñòü èíòåðåñíûå ëþäè, ïðåêðàñíûå êíèãè, ÷óäåñíûå ñòðàíû è ãîðîäà â íàøåì ìèðå.
Unit
U
Uni
n
nit
it 7
Íåîïðåäåë¸ííûé àðòèêëü
The Indefinite Article
Îñíîâíûå ñëó÷àè óïîòðåáëåíèÿ
íåîïðåäåë¸ííîãî àðòèêëÿ one > a (an)
Употребляется только с исчисляемыми существительными
в единственном числе для:
1) выражения значения единичности;
2) классификации лица или предмета (имеет значение «любой», «всякий»)
Употребляется
с существительными
Примеры
1. В роли:
а) подлежащего; имеет значение
«любой, каждый, всякий»
б) подлежащего в предложениях
с оборотом there is/was/will be, ...
A doctor should be competent.
A student must be diligent.
A computer is an electronic machine.
A cat has a very independent nature.
There is an e-mail for you.
There was a star in the sky.
There will be a party tomorrow.
2. В роли прямого дополнения
I have a dog. She has a cat.
He bought a printer. We got a fax.
You made a mistake.
3. В роли именной части
составного именного сказуемого
(предикатива)
I’m a student.
He is a programmer.
She is an accountant.
It’s a new show.
It’s a good idea.
40
Неопределённый артикль
Продолжение табл.
Употребляется
с существительными
4. В ряде устойчивых
словосочетаний, выражающих
однократные действия
Примеры
То be a success, to be a hit, to have
a rest, to have a good time, to have
a toothache, to give a look, to make
a mistake, to take a seat, to give smb.
a lift, to go for a walk, to catch a cold.
The show was a success.
He gave us a lift to the office.
We had a good time at the party.
Ho: We had fun.
5. При наличии у существительного
описательного определения
Сравните:
It was night. — It was a dark night.
It’s morning. — It’s a sunny morning.
We had dinner. — We had a big
dinner.
6. В восклицательных предложениях
после what, such
What a fine day!
What a good film!
It’s such a big city!
She is such a good girl!
Запомните фразы:
What a surprise!
(Какой сюрприз/неожиданность!)
What a shame!
(Какая досада/обида/жалость!)
What a shock! (Какой удар/шок!)
What a waste! (Какая пустая трата
денег, времени и т.д.)
Но:
What good news! What fine weather!
Во всех перечисленных случаях во множественном числе употребление
неопределённого артикля невозможно.
Doctors should be competent.
There are e-mails for you.
41
UNIT 7
We got faxes.
He makes mistakes.
What fine days!
They are such good girls!
Cats can stare for hours without blinking.
7.1. Употребите артикль a или an.
1. ..............................................
2. ..............................................
3. ..............................................
4. ..............................................
5. ..............................................
6. ..............................................
7. ..............................................
8. ..............................................
9. ..............................................
10. ...........................................
11. ...........................................
12. ...........................................
13. ...........................................
14. ...........................................
15. ...........................................
album
artist
orange
hour
idea
event
opera
officer
airport
angel
actor
elephant
school
e-mail
fax
.......................................... new album
.......................................... poor artist
.......................................... big orange
.......................................... long hour
.......................................... bright idea
.......................................... sad event
.......................................... famous opera
.......................................... brave officer
.......................................... new airport
.......................................... kind angel
.......................................... young actor
.......................................... baby elephant
.......................................... old school
.......................................... long e-mail
.......................................... urgent fax
7.2. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. ...................... fortnight consists of fourteen days. 2. ......................
student must have ...................... good memory. 3. ...................... children
are fond of ...................... games. 4. ...................... friend in need is
...................... friend indeed. 5. ...................... secretary must be wellorganized. 6. ...................... vegetarians don’t eat meat. 7. ......................
busker is ...................... street musician. 8. ...................... dictionary gives
us ...................... reliable information. 9. ...................... friend is ......................
person who understands you. 10. ...................... teachers give us
...................... knowledge. 11. ...................... hour in the morning is worth
two in the evening. 12. ...................... piano is ...................... musical
instrument. 13. ...................... week passed, then ...................... month.
No news came. 14. ...................... politician must be ...................... good
speaker. 15. ...................... Xerox is ...................... photocopying machine.
42
Неопределённый артикль
16. ...................... dentist is ...................... doctor who looks after our teeth.
17. ...................... chauffeur is ...................... person who drives ......................
car. 18. ...................... flowers need a lot of care. 19. ...................... chip
is ...................... very small piece of silicon inside a computer.
20. ...................... million words is stored on these chips.
7.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ×àøêà êîôå è áóòåðáðîä — ìîé îáû÷íûé çàâòðàê. 2. Ïîäîæäèòå ìèíóòêó, ïîæàëóéñòà. 3. Íèêîãäà íå òåðÿéòå íè ñåêóíäû. 4. Ãîä — äîëãèé ñðîê. 5. ß âåðíóñü ÷åðåç ÷àñ. 6. Ñúåäàéòå
ÿáëîêî â äåíü, è ó âàñ íå áóäåò ïðîáëåì. 7. Ìíå íóæåí ñîòîâûé òåëåôîí. 8. Ïðîø¸ë ìåñÿö, çàòåì ãîä. 9. Îí âûïèâàåò
ñòàêàí àïåëüñèíîâîãî ñîêà êàæäîå óòðî. 10. Äàâàé âñòðåòèìñÿ
÷åðåç íåäåëþ. 11. — Òåáå êóïèòü ìîðîæåíîå? — Íåò, ÿ õî÷ó
áàíàí. 12. Ýòà ðó÷êà ñòîèò äîëëàð. 13. Îí êóïèë áëîê ñèãàðåò.
14. Íå çàáóäü êóïèòü òþáèê çóáíîé ïàñòû, áàòîí õëåáà è áàíî÷êó äæåìà. 15. Ó íåãî õîðîøåå ÷óâñòâî þìîðà. 16. — Õîòèòå
êóñî÷åê ìîëî÷íîãî øîêîëàäà? — Íåò, â÷åðà ÿ êóïèëà ïëèòêó
÷¸ðíîãî øîêîëàäà. 17. Ïîëîæè ëîæêó ñîëè â ñóï. 18. Ìíå íóæíà ìûøêà äëÿ êîìïüþòåðà. 19. Ó íå¸ áîãàòûé ÿçûê (âîêàáóëÿð). 20. Ó íàøèõ ñòóäåíòîâ õîðîøèå, ñîâðåìåííûå ñëîâàðè.
7.4. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. There is ...................... fitness centre near my house. 2. There was
...................... mistake in the text. It was ...................... spelling mistake.
3. There are ...................... grammar rules on this page. 4. There is
...................... good news for you today. 5. There will be ......................
important information in the e-mail, I’m sure. 6. There was
...................... surprise in her eyes. 7. There will be ...................... surprise
for you on your birthday. 8. There are ...................... beautiful
flowers in her small garden. 9. Is there ...................... lift in the
house? 10. There is ...................... money in the purse. 11. There was
...................... good advice in my parents’ letter. 12. There is ......................
reason for everything. 13. There was ...................... unknown object
in the sky last night. 14. There was ...................... loud knock on the
door. 15. Once upon a time there lived ...................... seven gnomes
43
UNIT 7
and ...................... princess. 16. He is ...................... figure skater. He is
...................... gold medalist. 17. ...................... dog is the only thing on
earth that loves you more than you love yourself.
7.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Â ìóçûêå ñåìü íîò. 2. Â ìîñêîâñêîì ìåòðî ìíîãî íîâûõ ëèíèé è ñòàíöèé. 3. Íà ñëåäóþùåé íåäåëå áóäåò ÊÂÍ. 4. Â áóòûëêå åñòü îëèâêîâîå ìàñëî. 5. Â âèòðèíå ìàãàçèíà åñòü
÷óäåñíîå ïàëüòî. 6. Íà íàøåì òåëåâèäåíèè ìíîãî ñåðèàëîâ.
7.  ìåòðî ìíîãî ðàçëè÷íûõ ïëàêàòîâ. 8. Èç ëþáîé ñèòóàöèè
åñòü âûõîä. 9. Íà ýòîé óëèöå âñåãäà ìíîãî ïðîèñøåñòâèé, òàê
êàê íà íåé îæèâë¸ííîå äâèæåíèå òðàíñïîðòà. 10. Íà ñòîëå
åñòü ÷èñòàÿ áóìàãà. 11. Íà ýòîé ïëîùàäè åñòü êàðàîêå-êëóá.
12. Â ýòîé ãðóïïå åñòü äâà ÿïîíöà, îäèí êèòàåö, òðè ðóññêèõ è
äâà àìåðèêàíöà. 13. Íàä ñòîëîì íà÷àëüíèêà âèñÿò (åñòü) áîëüøèå ÷àñû. 14.  õîëîäèëüíèêå åñòü àïåëüñèíîâûé ñîê. È ïèðîæíûå òîæå. 15. Íà ýòîì ñàéòå ìíîãî ïîëåçíîé èíôîðìàöèè.
16.  ìî¸ì êîìïüþòåðå åñòü çàùèòíàÿ çàñòàâêà (a screen saver). 17. Òåáå (åñòü) ïîñëàíèå íà ìîáèëüíîì òåëåôîíå. 18.  ýòîì
áàíêå åñòü ñèãíàëèçàöèÿ. 19. Â ìèðå ìíîãî íåðàçãàäàííûõ
òàéí. 20. Â ýòîì ñëîâàðå ìíîãî íîâûõ ñëîâ. 21. Â ýòîì åñòü
çåðíî èñòèíû. 22. Â ìèíóòå øåñòüäåñÿò ñåêóíä. 23. Íà çåìëå
ìíîãî ðåê, ìîðåé è îêåàíîâ.
7.6.
Опишите помещение современного офиса. Используйте следующие
слова и выражения:
office equipment, desks, chairs, computers, a Xerox, a fax,
printers, an e-mail, a clock, a cactus, files, a mouse, a mat, a
calendar, a telephone, a coffee machine, a map of the world, a bin
7.7. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. Íå got ...................... e-mail an hour ago. 2. — Would you like
...................... cup of tea? — No, just ...................... glass of mineral water. 3. I got ...................... Christmas cards from England last week.
4. I need ...................... new washing machine, and I want ......................
good one. 5. Our students gave ...................... wonderful concert on
44
Неопределённый артикль
Saturday. 6. He has ...................... big fast car. 7. She wants to become ...................... dancer. 8. We have ...................... new students in our
group. 9. My cousin has ...................... private house. 10. We bought
...................... two computers and ...................... Xerox for our department. 11. He didn’t say ...................... word. 12. Marina is wearing
...................... new shoes and ...................... new cap today. 13. You should
eat ...................... apple or ...................... grapefruit every day. 14. He
is reading ...................... interesting book now. 15. Bob is looking
for ...................... job. 16. Let’s meet in ...................... hour. 17. I’d like
...................... ice-cream, please. 18. She hasn’t got ...................... pet, but
she would like to have ...................... cat or ...................... dog. 19. We
booked ...................... tickets for the plane. 20. I need ...................... computer, and I want ...................... modern one.
7.8. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. My boss is ...................... good man. 2. She is ...................... famous
stylist. 3. Richard is ...................... yogi. Yoga helps to relax. 4. This
is ...................... new cartridge. 5. This man is ...................... imagemaker,
...................... promoter. 6. My father is ...................... excellent doctor.
7. My sister is ...................... speech therapist. 8. These children are
...................... my cousins. 9. Valentin is ...................... designer. 10. Tom
is ...................... Hollywood superstar. 11. These are ...................... very
pleasant moments. 12. It is ...................... heavy weather today.
13. It was ...................... sunny day yesterday. 14. Ann and Kate are
...................... nice girls. 15. — My workmates are ...................... hardworking people. — Are they ...................... workaholics? — I don’t
think so. 16. These are ...................... new magazines. 17. Harry
Potter was ...................... wizard. 18. It was ...................... boring job.
19. Monday morning is ...................... hectic time for me. 20. It is
...................... autumnal day. It looks like rain. You should wear
...................... sensible shoes. 21. It’s ....................................... tiring work.
7.9. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Àíãëèéñêèé î÷åíü êðàñèâûé ÿçûê. È î÷åíü áîãàòûé ÿçûê.
2. Â Èíòåðíåòå òàê ìíîãî ñàéòîâ è òàê ìíîãî èíôîðìàöèè.
3. «7 äíåé» — î÷åíü ïîïóëÿðíûé æóðíàë. 4. Âëàäèìèð î÷åíü
óìíûé ïàðåíü. Îí ïðîãðàììèñò. 5. Ýòî áûëî áîëüøèì ñþð45
UNIT 7
ïðèçîì äëÿ âñåõ. 6. Ýòî íåâåðíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ. 7. «Øðåê» —
ìóëüòèïëèêàöèîííûé ôèëüì. 8. Ìîè äâîþðîäíûå áðàòüÿ
î÷åíü ìèëûå äåòêè. 9. — Âû òåàòðàë? — Äà. 10. Ó÷èòåëü äîëæåí áûòü òâîð÷åñêîé ëè÷íîñòüþ. 11. — Âû ñ÷àñòëèâûé ÷åëîâåê? — Íàäåþñü, ÷òî äà. 12. Ó ìåíÿ î÷åíü õîðîøèé ó÷èòåëü
àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà. 13. Ýòî õîðîøèé âîïðîñ. ß ëþáëþ îòâå÷àòü íà óìíûå âîïðîñû. 14. Àíãëè÷àíå áîëüøèå ëþáèòåëè ÷àÿ
(tea-lovers). Îíè îñîáåííî ëþáÿò ÷àé ñ ìîëîêîì. 15. Ýòî áûëà
íå ïðîñòàÿ ðûáêà, ýòî áûëà çîëîòàÿ ðûáêà. 16. — Âû òðóäîãîëèê? — ß òàê íå äóìàþ. 17. Îí ïîïóëÿðíûé ïåâåö. Ó íåãî åñòü
çîëîòîé äèñê. 18.  êàæäîé ñåìüå åñòü ñåêðåò. 19. Îí ÷ëåí íàøåãî êëóáà. 20. Ýòà êíèãà — áåñòñåëëåð. 21. Åñòü ìíîãî ñïîñîáîâ, êàê ïðèãîòîâèòü ðûáó. 22. — Íà Ìàðñå åñòü æèçíü? —
Íåò, íî ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî òàì åñòü âîäà. — Ýòî íå âîäà, à ë¸ä.
7.10. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. What ...................... original idea! 2. What ...................... timely advice!
3. What ...................... breaking news! 4. Is this ...................... reliable information? 5. What ...................... sweet yogurt! 6. What ......................
smart dress! 7. What ...................... beautiful gloves! 8. What ......................
big surprise! 9. What ...................... fine shoes! 10. What ......................
cold wine! 11. What ...................... fine weather we are having today! 12. What ...................... wonderful day it is! 13. What ......................
big money! 14. What ...................... hectic life! 15. What ......................
beautiful white teeth she has! 16. What ...................... expensive furniture! 17. What ...................... challenging task! 18. What ......................
shame! My car is gone. 19. What ...................... tasteless things to do!
20. What ...................... smart man!
7.11. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Êàêàÿ ïóñòàÿ òðàòà âðåìåíè è äåíåã! 2. ×òî çà ñóìàñøåäøàÿ (hectic) æèçíü! 3. Êàêàÿ óæàñíàÿ ïîãîäà! Êàêîé óæàñíûé äåíü! 4. Êàêèå ëþáîïûòíûå ëþäè! 5. Êàêàÿ ïðåêðàñíàÿ
ðàáîòà! 6. Êàêîå âàæíîå äåëî! 7. Êàêîé õîðîøèé ñëó÷àé (âîçìîæíîñòü)! 8. Êàêèå òðóäîëþáèâûå ñòóäåíòû. 9. Êàêèå êðóòûå ïàðíè! 10. Êàêèå ÷óäåñíûå ñëîâà! 11. Êàêèå ó òåáÿ äëèííûå íîãè! 12. Êàêèå ó ýòîé àêòðèñû áåëûå çóáû! 13. Êàêèå íå46
Неопределённый артикль
îæèäàííûå äåíüãè! 14. Êàêèå ó íå¸ êðàñèâûå äåòè! 15. Êàêàÿ
ñëàâíàÿ êîøå÷êà! 16. Êàêîé çàõâàòûâàþùèé ôèëüì! 17. Êàêèå êðàñèâûå âîëîñû! 18. Êàêîé ñîë¸íûé îãóðåö! 19. Êàêîé ñîë¸íûé ñóï! 20. Êàêîé âêóñíûé òîðò! 21. Àâòîáóñ îïàçäûâàåò.
Êàêàÿ äîñàäà!
7.12. Измените предложения согласно образцу.
The lm is so long. — It·s such a long lm.
The advice is so good. — It·s such good advice.
1. The book is so boring. 2. The tea is too hot. 3. The boy is so
clever. 4. The children are so noisy. 5. The weather is so frosty!
6. The test is so long. 7. The furniture is so expensive. 8. The
coffee is so sweet! 9. The answer was so good. 10. The day is so
hot! 11. The cake is so tasty. 12. The dictionaries are so expensive. 13. The information is so important. 14. The day was so
lucky for me.
7.13. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ýòî òàêàÿ áëåñòÿùàÿ ìûñëü. Òû òàêîé óìíûé. 2. Ýòî òàêîé
áîëüøîé ãîðîä. 3. Ìû òàê ñ÷àñòëèâû. Ìû òàêèå ñ÷àñòëèâûå
ëþäè. 4. Ýòî òàêîé õîðîøèé øàíñ. Òû òàêàÿ âåçó÷àÿ. 5. Ìóçûêà òàêàÿ ãðîìêàÿ. ß íå ëþáëþ ãðîìêóþ ìóçûêó. 6. Ïëàòüå òàêîå êðàñèâîå! Ìíå íðàâÿòñÿ òàêèå ïëàòüÿ. 7. — Ïîãîäà ñåãîäíÿ òàêàÿ ò¸ïëàÿ. — Äà, ñåãîäíÿ òàêîé ïðåêðàñíûé äåíü. 8. Ýòî
òàêîé ñþðïðèç! Ýòî òàê ïðèÿòíî! 9. Ýòî òàêèå ÷óäåñíûå íîâîñòè. ß òàê ðàäà. 10. Ýòî áûë òàêîé øîê! 11. Ýòî òàêèå âàæíûå
ñâåäåíèÿ. È îíè òàêèå ñâîåâðåìåííûå!
7.14.
Объясните разницу между следующими парами слов и составьте
предложения с ними.
1. glass — a glass; 2. paper — a paper; 3. wood — a wood;
4. iron — an iron; 5. coffee — a coffee; 6. cloth — a cloth;
7. rubber — a rubber; 8. fish — a fish; 9. language —
a language; 10. tin — a tin; 11. study — a study; 12. light —
a light; 13. duck — a duck; 14. gold — a gold; 15. play — a play;
16. thought — a thought.
47
UNIT 7
7.15. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Êóïè áàòîí õëåáà, ïîæàëóéñòà. 2. Ïîëîæè â ÷àé êóñî÷åê
ëèìîíà. 3. Ïîëèöèÿ àðåñòîâàëà áàíäó ãðàáèòåëåé. 4. Íà ñòîëå åñòü êóâøèí ñîêà. 5. Êóïè áàíî÷êó äæåìà. 6. ß âñåãäà êëàäó êóáèê ëüäà â ñîê. 7. Ìíå íóæåí òþáèê çóáíîé ïàñòû. 8. Ýòî
áûë õîðîøèé ñîâåò. 9. Îí âçÿë áîëüøóþ ñóììó äåíåã â áàíêå. 10. Êàæäûé ìåñÿö îí ïîêóïàåò áëîê ñèãàðåò. 11. Ýòà ïëèòêà øîêîëàäà ñòîèò ïÿòüäåñÿò ðóáëåé. 12. Ìîæíî ìíå êóñî÷åê ñûðà? 13. Ðàçäàëñÿ êðèê óæàñà. 14. Ýòîò ïðåäìåò ìåáåëè î÷åíü äîðîãîé. 15. Ýòî èíòåðåñíàÿ íîâîñòü. 16.  ýòîì åñòü
çåðíî ïðàâäû (äîëÿ èñòèíû).
7.16.
Найдите средства выражения единичности неисчисляемых существительных по образцу.
a loaf of bread, Ȅ piece of advice
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
a piece
a block
a bar
a gang
a cry
a grain
a slice
an item
a word
an article
a tube
a tin
a jar
a sum
a cube
of
a.
b.
ñ.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
toothpaste
furniture
advice
news
cigarettes
lemon
money
chocolate
robbers
ice
horror
truth
juice
jam
cheese
7.17. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ßçûê — ýòî ñðåäñòâî êîììóíèêàöèè. 2. Ëàòûíü — ì¸ðòâûé
ÿçûê. 3. Ýòî íåáëàãîäàðíàÿ (thankless) ðàáîòà. 4. Åãî êàðìàííûå äåíüãè íå î÷åíü âåëèêè. 5. ß æèâó â ìíîãîêâàðòèðíîì
äîìå. 6. Åñëè âû ïðîñòóæåíû, òî ïåéòå ãîðÿ÷èé ÷àé ñ ëîìòèêîì ëèìîíà è ëîæêîé ì¸äà.
Unit
U
n it 8
nit
Íåîïðåäåë¸ííûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ
Indefinite Pronouns
Some, something,
somebody (someone)
Any, anything, anybody
(anyone)
No, nothing, nobody
(no one)
Утвердительные
предложения
Вопросительные
предложения
Отрицательные
предложения
There are some good
dictionaries in our
shops.
Are there any good
dictionaries in our
shops?
There aren’t any good
dictionaries in our shops.
= There are no good
dictionaries in our shops,
(более категорично)
He brought some news.
Did he bring any news?
He didn’t bring any
news. = He brought no
news.
There is something new
for me in this article.
Is there anything new
for you in this article?
There isn’t anything
new for me in this article.
= There is nothing new
for me in this article.
Someone knows his
address.
Does anyone know his
address?
Nobody knows his
address.
49
UNIT 8
Продолжение табл.
Some, something,
somebody (someone)
Any, anything, anybody
(anyone)
No, nothing, nobody
(no one)
Утвердительные
предложения
Вопросительные
предложения
Отрицательные
предложения
Some употребляется
в вопросительных
предложениях, когда
вы предлагаете или
просите что-то.
Would you like some
juice? Will you have
some more salad? Can I
have some tea, please?
Could you lend me
some money?
Запомните:
Any в утвердительных
предложениях имеет
значение «любой»,
«всякий», «всё, что
угодно».
Any child likes toys. We
are interested in any
information. I can give
you anything you need.
If anyone calls, tell me
about it.
— Is anything the
matter?
— Nothing is the
matter.
No news is good news.
8.1. Заполните пропуски словами some, any, no.
1. We’ve got ...................... questions. Everything is clear. 2. It’s autumn. There aren’t ...................... flowers in my garden. 3. She works
in her garden in ...................... weather. 4. Would you like ......................
mineral water? 5. I’ve just made ...................... coffee. Do you want
...................... ? 6. Are there ...................... problems in business? — No,
there aren’t ...................... . 7. — Do you make ...................... spelling mistakes? — Yes, I make ...................... . 8. Could you give us ......................
matches? We haven’t got ...................... . 9. There is ...................... marmalade left. I have to buy a jar or two. 10. There is ......................
petrol in the tank, but not much. I’m going to buy ......................
more. 11. There are ...................... changes in my life. They are very
important. 12. There are ...................... mistakes in the dictation. It’s
excellent! 13. — Can you lend me ...................... money? — I’m sorry,
but I haven’t got ...................... money with me today. 14. There are
...................... flowers in this shop, but there aren’t ...................... roses.
15. He left his children without ...................... money. 16. There isn’t
...................... progress in your study. 17. We need ...................... chalk.
There isn’t — on the desk.
50
Неопределённые местоимения
8.2.
Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. There are some letters to answer. 2. There is nothing new
under the moon. 3. Something is wrong with my computer.
4. There is some money in the safe. 5. There are some good
things in our life. 6. There is somebody in the flat. 7. There
are some biscuits in the tin. 8. There is some olive oil in the
bottle. 9. There are some doubts about it. 10. There is something
interesting on the display. 11. I would like to read something
interesting.
8.3.
Заполните пропуски словами somebody, something, anybody, anything,
nobody, nothing.
1. ............................ got into our dacha again! 2. .............................. worries
him. 3. ............................ will stop me! .......................... must be done. 4. We
saw ............................. at the door. 5. Does ............................ know his name?
6. Is ...................... in? 7. It’s dark here. I can’t see ...................... . 8. He
was silent. He had ...................... to say. 9. There was ......................... in
the box. It was empty. 10. — Did you say .......................... ? — No, I
didn’t say .......................... . 11. My life is dull. ...................... ever happens.
12. If you need ........................., just tell me. 13. I am hungry. I want
...................... to eat. 14. I’m not thirsty. I don’t want ...................... to
drink. 15. — There is ........................ in my eye. — No, there is
...................... in it.
8.4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
EVERYBODY, SOMEBODY, ANYBODY AND NOBODY
This is the story about four people named Everybody, Somebody,
Anybody and Nobody. There was an important job to be done
and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody
could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry
about that because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought
Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody
wouldn’t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody
when Nobody did what Anybody could have done.
51
UNIT 8
8.5. Измените предложения согласно образцу.
It·s ȓȒ problem at all. — It isn·t any problem at all.
I·ve got no enemies. — I haven·t got any enemies.
We want no more tea. — We don·t want any more tea.
1. I have no brother or sister. 2. He’s got no time for sport
now. 3. There’s no bread left. 4. We have no apples. 5. There’s
no news. 6. She has no reason to live. 7. We have no plans for
tomorrow. 8. She’s no fool, I’m sure. 9. There’s no jam in the
jar. 10. We need no food today. 11. Being very poor, he got no
education. 12. I am no expert on electronics. 13. He’s got no
faxes today. 14. There are no magazines on the coffee table.
15. It makes no sense.
8.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Íè÷òî è íèêòî íå îñòàíîâèò ìåíÿ. 2. Ó òåáÿ ÷òî-òî íà óìå (on
your mind). ×òî ýòî? 3. Íè÷òî íå íîâî ïîä ëóíîé. 4. Êòî-íèáóäü
ìîæåò ìíå ïîìî÷ü? 5. —  õîëîäèëüíèêå åñòü êàêàÿ-íèáóäü
åäà? — Êîå-÷òî åñòü. 6. — Â âàøåé ãðóïïå åñòü èíîñòðàíöû? — Íåò, èõ íåò. 7. — Õîòèòå àïåëüñèíîâîãî ñîêà? — Äà,
íåìíîãî âûïüþ. 8. — Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ íåêîòîðàÿ ïîïóëÿðíàÿ ìóçûêà. — À ìíå íðàâèòñÿ ëþáàÿ ïîïóëÿðíàÿ ìóçûêà. 9. — Åñòü
êàêèå-íèáóäü âîïðîñû? — Íåò, âîïðîñîâ íåò, íî åñòü íåêîòîðûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. 10. Ìîæíî ìíå íåìíîãî ÷àÿ? Ïèòü õî÷åòñÿ.
11. Íåò íèêàêèõ øàíñîâ, ÷òî íàøà ôóòáîëüíàÿ êîìàíäà âûèãðàåò. 12. Â êîøåëüêå íåò äåíåã. Îí ïóñò. 13. Íà óëèöàõ íåò
ëþäåé. Íî÷ü, è âñå äîìà. 14. ß ãóëÿþ ñî ñâîåé ñîáàêîé â ëþáóþ ïîãîäó. 15. ß õî÷ó êîå-÷òî ñêàçàòü òåáå, íå÷òî î÷åíü âàæíîå. 16. — Åñòü êàêèå-íèáóäü íîâîñòè? — Íåò, íîâîñòåé íåò.
17. Ëþáîé ÷åëîâåê õî÷åò áûòü ñ÷àñòëèâûì è çäîðîâûì. 18. Íà
àâòîîòâåò÷èêå íåò íèêàêèõ ñîîáùåíèé äëÿ òåáÿ. 19.  íàøåì
ñàäó åñòü íåñêîëüêî ôðóêòîâûõ äåðåâüåâ. 20.  ̸ðòâîì ìîðå
íåò íèêàêîé ðûáû. 21. Ñ íèì ÷òî-òî íå òàê. Åãî íè÷åãî íå èíòåðåñóåò. Îí íèêîãî íå õî÷åò âèäåòü. — Äà, ÷òî-òî åãî áåñïîêîèò. 22. Åñëè ÿ òåáå ïîíàäîáëþñü, çâîíè â ëþáîå âðåìÿ.
23. ß âèæó, ÷òî ó òåáÿ ÷òî-òî íà óìå. ×òî ýòî? 24. Ëþáîé ïðîõîæèé ñêàæåò âàì, êàê äîéòè òóäà. 25. Â ïîãîäå íåò íèêàêèõ
èçìåíåíèé.
Unit
U
n iitt 9
nit
Íåîïðåäåë¸ííûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ
Исчисляемые
существительные
a lot of, many
1. Утвердительные
предложения
a lot of
Но:
so, too, very +
many, much
2. Вопросительные
предложения
many, much
Неисчисляемые
существительные
a lot of, much
There are a lot of
interesting things in our
life.
Students have a lot of
exams.
There are so many books
to read!
You have too many
mistakes in your paper.
We discussed very
many questions
yesterday.
There is a lot of work
to do.
We have a lot of snow this
year.
There is so much work
to do.
This child has too much
energy!
They got very much
information last week.
Are there many
interesting things in your
life?
Do students have many
exams?
Are there so many books
to read?
Is there much work to do?
Do you have much snow
this year?
Did they get very much
information last week?
53
UNIT 9
Продолжение табл.
3. Отрицательные
предложения
many, much
Исчисляемые
существительные
a lot of, many
Неисчисляемые
существительные
a lot of, much
There aren’t many
interesting things in our
life.
Students don’t have many
exams.
There aren’t so many
books to read.
There isn’t much work to
do.
We don’t have much snow
this year.
They didn’t get very much
information last week.
Исчисляемые существительные
Неисчисляемые существительные
a few (= some, several)
«несколько» (+)
a little (= some)
«немного» (+)
Не made a few mistakes in his
speech.
Tell us a few words about your trip.
I’ve got a little free time now. I can speak
to you.
There is a little money left. We can go
shopping.
few (not many)
«мало» ( — )
little (not much)
«мало» ( — )
He made few mistakes in his paper.
Few people know about it.
I’ve got little free time now. I can’t speak
to you.
There is little money left. We can’t go
shopping.
(a) few, (a) little не употребляются в отрицательных предложениях; not many,
not much используются в этих типах предложений:
Не didn’t make many mistakes in his paper.
Not many people know about it.
54
I don’t have much free time now.
There isn’t much snow in the forest.
Неопределённые местоимения
9.1. Употребите many или much.
1. There are always ...................... people in the metro. 2. There is
...................... work to do today. 3. How ...................... time is it now?
4. How ...................... years ago did you meet? 5. There are ......................
things which I don’t understand. 6. There is ...................... food in
my fridge but there isn’t ...................... money in the purse. 7. How
...................... times have I told you not to use so ...................... make-up?
8. There aren’t ...................... students in this group. 9. She usually
puts too ...................... sugar in her tea. 10. I think I put too ......................
butter and too ...................... raisins in the cake. It’s very rich. 11. He
buys ...................... cigarettes and spends ...................... money on them.
12. We have ...................... cheese, but not ...................... bread. 13. How
...................... classes do we have today? 14. How ...................... petrol
do you need? 15. Our teacher gives us ...................... homework.
16. You shouldn’t eat as ...................... potatoes, as ...................... butter,
as ...................... snack foods as before because you’re getting fat.
17. There are too ...................... unfriendly people, too ...................... fast
cars and too ...................... noise in this city. 18. He made ......................
mistakes in the test as he didn’t have ...................... time to prepare
for it. 19. There is ...................... light and ...................... air in this hall
as there are ...................... windows in it. 20. Mr. Parker doesn’t like
his new secretary. He thinks she drinks too ...................... coffee,
makes too ...................... telephone calls to her friends, and doesn’t
pay ...................... attention to her duties.
9.2. Дайте вопросительную и отрицательную формы следующих предложений согласно образцу.
I have a lot of English books. — Do you have many English books? —
I don·t have many English books.
There is a lot of information at this website. — Is there much
information at this website? — There isn·t much information at this
website.
1. Our people read a lot of detective novels. 2. He has a lot
of great ideas. 3. Students usually buy a lot of textbooks.
4. Women always have a lot of things to do about the house.
5. There is a lot of money in this oil business. 6. There are a lot
of supermarkets in Moscow. 7. We have a lot of duties in life.
55
UNIT 9
8. There is a lot of fruit on the table. 9. There are a lot of fish
in the ocean. 10. She buys a lot of clothes. 11. They have a lot of
chances to win the match. 12. Teenagers spend a lot of money
on discs. 13. There is a lot of interesting news in today’s paper.
14. There are a lot of apples this year. 15. We have a lot of rain
this summer. 16. Mr. Rich has got a lot of money. 17. This agent
always brings a lot of important information. 18. There are a lot
of secret data in this file. 19. There are a lot of viruses in the
Internet. 20. The sun gives us a lot of energy.
9.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Â ìèðå åñòü ìíîãî ïðåêðàñíûõ ñòðàí è ãîðîäîâ. 2. — Ñêîëüêî ðàç â ãîäó òû îòäûõàåøü? — Äâàæäû: çèìîé è ëåòîì.
3. — Â âàøåé êâàðòèðå ìíîãî ìåáåëè? — Äà, â íåé ìíîãî ìåáåëè. 4. Ìîÿ ñåìüÿ òðàòèò ìíîãî äåíåã íà êíèãè è ôðóêòû. 5. Íà
ìî¸ì äíå ðîæäåíèÿ áóäåò ìíîãî íàðîäó. 6. — Ñêîëüêî áóìàãè
â ìåñÿö óõîäèò (go on...) íà êñåðîêñ? — Î÷åíü ìíîãî. 7. Íå òàê
ìíîãî ëþäåé, êîòîðûì ÿ ìîãó äîâåðÿòü. 8. Ó íàñ íå òàê ìíîãî
äåíåã, à íóæíî êóïèòü òàê ìíîãî âåùåé. 9.  áàíî÷êå íå î÷åíüòî ìíîãî ì¸äà. 10. — Òû ïü¸øü ìíîãî êîôå? — Íåò, íåìíîãî,
íî ÿ ïüþ ìíîãî çåë¸íîãî ÷àÿ. 11. Ó ìîåãî äðóãà ìíîãî âèäåîêàññåò. 12. Íà ýòîé äîðîãå âñåãäà ìíîãî ïðîáîê. 13. Ó ìåíÿ
íèêîãäà íå áûâàåò ìíîãî ñâîáîäíîãî âðåìåíè. 14. Ñêîëüêî ëóêîâèö è ñêîëüêî ñîëè òû êëàä¸øü â ñóï? 15.  ñåãîäíÿøíåé
ãàçåòå ìàëî èíòåðåñíûõ íîâîñòåé.
9.4. Употребите few, a few, little, a little.
1. There is ...................... information in this file, so let’s take
the next one. 2. In faxes one should use as ...................... words
as possible. 3. ...................... people called you when you were
out. 4. I need ...................... soap and shampoo. 5. She packed
...................... things into her travelling bag. 6. He bought ......................
newspapers to read on the train. 7. We are going to send
...................... presents to our relatives. 8. There is ...................... sense in
what he is saying. 9. There is ...................... of chocolate cake on the
plate. 10. I had a cup of tea with ...................... crackers. 11. Let’s
56
Неопределённые местоимения
buy ...................... Swiss cheese, I like it. 12. You’ve made ......................
mistakes in the test, I’m sorry to say. 13. There is ......................
petrol in the tank, we must stop and buy some. 14. The book
cost me very ...................... money. It was cheap. 15. We know too
...................... about it. 16. Even now there is ...................... we can do to
control the weather. 17. I’m going to have a rest for ......................
days. 18. — Do you speak French? — Just ...................... . 19. I eat
very ...................... meat, I prefer fish. 20. I have been to England
...................... times. 21. — ...................... time is left, we must hurry. —
Wait ......................, I’ll take my bag.
9.5. А. Употребите much, many, (a) little, (a) few.
MY FAVOURITE VEGETABLE SOUP
Ann. Here’s how I make my favourite vegetable soup. You start
with butter.
Olga. How ...................... ?
Ann. Just ......................
Olga. And then?
Ann. Then you slice ...................... onions and cook them in butter.
Olga. How ...................... onions?
Ann. As ....................... as you like.
Olga. And how ...................... butter?
Ann. As ...................... as you like.
Olga. And then?
Ann. Then you add ...................... water.
Olga. How ...................... ?
Ann. Not too ...................... Just ...................... cups.
Olga. And after that?
Ann. You add ...................... potatoes, ...................... tomato paste,
...................... carrots, ...................... cabbage and ...................... beans.
Olga. How ...................... time do you cook the soup?
Ann. Not too long. Just ...................... hours.
Olga. Thanks for the recipe. I’ll try it soon.
Ann. You are welcome.
В. Расскажите, как вы готовите чай.
57
UNIT 9
9.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Â õîëîäèëüíèêå ìàëî åäû. Íóæíî ïîéòè è êóïèòü íåìíîãî.
Ìîæíî êóïèòü íåìíîãî êîëáàñû, ñûðà, íåñêîëüêî áóëî÷åê è
ÿáëîê. 2. Òû ìàëî ðàáîòàåøü. Åñëè òû ÷óòü-÷óòü ïîðàáîòàåøü,
òî âñ¸ áóäåò õîðîøî. 3. Ìàëûøêà ìàëî ñïèò. Ñïîé åé íåñêîëüêî ïåñåíîê, è òîãäà îíà ïîñïèò íåìíîãî. 4. Îí îáåùàåò äàòü
íàì íåìíîãî äåíåã, íî ìû çíàåì, ÷òî ó íåãî ìàëî äåíåã. Òàê
÷òî ìû âåðí¸ì èõ åìó ÷åðåç íåñêîëüêî äíåé. 5.  ýòîì ãîäó
ìàëî ñíåãà, íî â ëåñó åñòü íåìíîãî ñíåãà. 6. ß âñåãäà äîáàâëÿþ
íåìíîãî ìîëîêà â êîôå è î÷åíü ìàëî ñàõàðà. 7.  ýòîì ôàéëå
ìàëî èíôîðìàöèè, à âîò â ýòîì åñòü íåìíîãî. 8. — Õî÷åøü
íåìíîãî ïèâà? — Íåò, ñïàñèáî. ß îáû÷íî íå ïüþ ïèâà, íî ñ
òîáîé ìîãó âûïèòü íåìíîãî. 9. — Ýòî ë¸ãêèé âîïðîñ. Ïîäóìàé
íåìíîãî. — Äà, íî ó ìåíÿ òàê ìàëî âðåìåíè, ïðîñòî íåñêîëüêî
ìèíóò. 10. —  äîìå åñòü ìàñëî? — Ñîâñåì íåìíîãî, íà íåñêîëüêî áóòåðáðîäîâ. 11. Ìû óåçæàåì ÷åðåç íåñêîëüêî äíåé.
Ó íàñ ìàëî âðåìåíè. 12. Ìàëî êòî çíàåò ýòîò ðåäêèé ÿçûê.
13. Äàâàé ïîãîâîðèì íåìíîãî ïîñëå òîãî, êàê ÿ ïðîñìîòðþ íåñêîëüêî áóìàã. 14.  ýòîé ñåìüå ìàëî ñ÷àñòüÿ. 15. Êàæäûé ÷åëîâåê õî÷åò íåìíîãî ñ÷àñòüÿ. 16. Åñòü íåñêîëüêî êàíàëîâ íà
òåëåâèäåíèè, êîòîðûå ÿ èíîãäà ñìîòðþ.
9.7. Прочитайте пословицы и поговорки и найдите их русские эквиваленты.
1. Many hands make light work. 2. The more you have, the
more you want. 3. Too many cooks spoil the broth. 4. Every little
helps. 5. Few clients, less money. 6. Little by little and bit by
bit. 7. You win a few, you lose a few. 8. More haste, less speed.
9. The more I know people, the more they puzzle me. 10. The
more I study, the more I know. The more I know, the more
I forget. The more I forget, the less I know. So why study?
11. The more I know people, the more I like dogs. 12. Books and
friends should be few but good. 13. Less is more. 14. Of two evils
choose the less. 15. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
Uni
Unit
U
n
nit
ni
iitt 1
10
0
Îïðåäåë¸ííûé àðòèêëü
The Definite Article
Употребляется со всеми типами существительных (исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми) как в единственном, так и во множественном числе.
Употребляется, если:
Примеры
1) ситуация или контекст
показывает, что речь идёт
об определённом лице или
предмете
The day is fine.
The film was exciting. (ситуация)
We have a new secretary.
The girl is smart. (контекст)
Запомните:
Определённый артикль во
множественном числе сохраняется.
The days are fine.
The films were exciting.
2) слово упоминалось ранее
He has a new car, the car is red.
They bought a dog, the dog is white.
3) у существительного
есть ограничивающее
(лимитирующее)
определение, выраженное:
а) словами: only, main, central,
same, right/wrong, left/right, next,
last, final;
But: next week (year, ...)
It’s the only way out.
Who can give me the right answer?
Keep to the right side of the road.
The next stop is ours.
The best things in life are never free.
59
UNIT 10
Продолжение табл.
Употребляется, если:
Примеры
b) порядковыми
числительными:
first, second, third, etc;
Не was the first man who helped us.
Read the second text.
He lives on the third floor.
c) прилагательными
в превосходной степени:
best, worst, longest, latest,
most important...
This is the best book I’ve ever read.
It’s the most important thing for me.
It was the worst moment in my life.
4) существительное
употребляется в роли
обстоятельства места: in (on)
the street, at the theatre, at the
office, at the library, on the balcony,
in the garden, on the train, in the
sky, in the picture...
We like to walk in the garden.
There are some people at the door.
Let’s meet at the library.
I read a book on the train.
There are dark clouds in the sky.
Неопределённый артикль
возможен также в своём
классифицирующем значении
«один из», «какой-то»
Matilda lived in a small English town.
He was born in a small village.
“We all live in a yellow submarine.”
10.1.
Прочитайте, переведите и выучите следующие употребительные
фразы.
1. — What’s the matter? — Nothing is the matter.
2. — What’s wrong? What’s up? — Everything is fine.
3. — What’s the weather like today? — It’s fine.
4. — What’s the date today? — It’s the third of June.
5. — What day is it today? — It’s Friday.
6. — What’s the problem? — There is no problem.
7. — Where is the remote control? — It’s on the desk.
8. — Where are the keys? — The keys are in your hand.
9. — Look at the picture! What can you see in it?
10. — Look at the sky. It looks like rain.
11. — What is the latest news? — It’s good news.
60
Определённый артикль
10.2. Измените предложения согласно образцу.
A student works hard. — Students work hard.
The man is an aviator. — The men are aviators.
1. The car is out of order. 2. The woman is our teacher. 3. A cat
is a cute animal. 4. The house is big. 5. The dictionary is mine.
6. The film is a hit. 7. The kid is a wizard. 8. A child needs love
and care. 9. The market is open today. 10. The clock is slow.
11. The mouse is hungry. 12. The dog is in the yard. 13. There
is a provision market on this street. 14. The watch is fast.
15. A computer is an electronic machine.
10.3. Употребите необходимый артикль.
1. — What’s ...................... weather like today? — ...................... weather
is dry and sunny. 2. ...................... day is rainy. ...................... sky is grey.
3. ...................... test was easy and ...................... result was good. 4. — Did
you enjoy ...................... film? — No, it was ...................... boring film. 5. —
Where are ...................... sweets? — On ...................... coffee table. 6. —
What do you think of ...................... new manager? — Well, I don’t
like ...................... fellow. 7. ...................... shoes are hand-made, that’s why
...................... price is so high. 8. Who is ...................... man in ......................
photo? 9. How much did you pay for ...................... discs? 10. ......................
question surprised me. 11. Look through ...................... magazine. It’s
interesting. 12. I’m going to water ...................... flowers and wash
...................... dishes. 13. Hurry up! ...................... lecture starts in ......................
few minutes. 14. — When are ...................... guests coming? — They
are already here. 15. — What’s wrong with ...................... printer? —
We must change ...................... cartridge. 16. ...................... answerphone
is switched off. 17. What’s ...................... latest fashion? 18. Look at
...................... screen. ...................... information on it is new. 19. — Where
are ...................... files? Did ...................... secretary take them? — No, it
was ...................... manager. 20. — What’s ...................... matter? — There
is ...................... problem, sir.
10.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Çàêðîéòå, ïîæàëóéñòà, äâåðü. Õîëîäíî. 2. — Ãäå ñòóäåíòû? — Îíè â ñòîëîâîé. Ñåé÷àñ âðåìÿ ëàí÷à. 3. Õîëîäèëüíèê
61
UNIT 10
íå ðàáîòàåò. ×òî íàì äåëàòü ñ ïðîäóêòàìè? 4. Ïîñòàâü öâåòû â
âîäó. 5. Òåáå íðàâèòñÿ êîìíàòà? Îíà òâîÿ. 6. Ñîáàêà âî äâîðå.
7.  ÷¸ì äåëî? Ïî÷åìó ñåêðåòàðøà òàê ðàññòðîåíà? 8. — Êàêàÿ ñåãîäíÿ ïîãîäà? — Ïîãîäà ñåãîäíÿ õîëîäíàÿ. 9. — ×àé
ñëèøêîì ãîðÿ÷èé. — Äîáàâü íåìíîãî ìîëîêà. — À ãäå ìîëîêî? — Ìîëîêî â õîëîäèëüíèêå. 10. ×àñû íà õîëîäèëüíèêå. Êîòîðûé ñåé÷àñ ÷àñ? 11. Ïóëüò óïðàâëåíèÿ íà òåëåâèçîðå.
12. Äæèíñû íåïëîõèå. Îíè ìíå íðàâÿòñÿ. 13. Êñåðîêñ íàõîäèòñÿ â ñîñåäíåé êîìíàòå. 14. Ñòîëîâàÿ îòêðûâàåòñÿ â 10 ÷àñîâ
óòðà. 15. —  ÷¸ì äåëî?  ÷¸ì ïðîáëåìà? — Ïðîáëåìà â òîì,
÷òî ìû ãîëîäíû. 16. — Äåíüãè â ñåéôå, à ãäå æå êëþ÷è îò ñåéôà? — Ýòî áîëüøîé ñåêðåò.
10.5. Употребите необходимый артикль.
1. Here is ...................... magazine. You can keep it for ......................
week. 2. — What is ...................... name of ...................... girl who is
over there? — Yes, she is ...................... nice girl but I don’t know
her. 3. — How was ...................... show? — Well, ...................... audience
liked it. 4. I like ...................... song. It will be ...................... hit. 5. Turn
on ...................... radio, please. Let’s listen to ...................... latest news.
6. Pass me ...................... sugar. I like ...................... sweet tea. 7. Look at
...................... screen. ...................... man on it is my schoolmate. 8. How
much is ...................... new cassette? Is it ...................... expensive film?
9. May I have ...................... look at ...................... test? 10. — When will
...................... lecture be over? — In ...................... hour. 11. ......................
soup is tasty. You are ...................... wonderful cook! 12. ......................
teacher will tell us ...................... results of ...................... test ......................
next week. 13. We are ...................... friends. We are of ......................
same age. 14. They all got ...................... good marks at .........................
final exam. 15. ...................... whole story is ...................... myth.
10.6. Употребите необходимый артикль.
1. We have ...................... dacha. ...................... house is small, but ......................
garden is rather big. 2. These are ...................... beautiful flowers. Let
us put them in ...................... vase which you gave me on Christmas.
3. What ...................... beautiful hat! Is ...................... hat yours? 4. —
There are ...................... pancakes on the plate. Would you like
62
Определённый артикль
...................... pancake? — Thank you. I like ...................... pancakes.
5. — How are you going to spend ...................... holiday? — I’ll go
to ...................... country for ...................... week. 6. ...................... situation
is serious. We must make ...................... decision. 7. ...................... best
things in life are never free. 8. She has ...................... strong accent.
9. It was ...................... remarkable friendship. They were ......................
great men. 10. This writer is ...................... wonderful storyteller.
He writes ...................... historical novels. 11. I live in ...................... new
region. ...................... new regions are usually far from ......................
centre of ...................... city.
10.7. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Âàì íðàâèòñÿ íîâîå çäàíèå íàøåãî óíèâåðñèòåòà? — Äà,
ýòî î÷åíü êðàñèâîå çäàíèå, íî êîìíàòû ñëèøêîì ìàëû. 2. Ïîêàæè ìíå íîâûé êîñòþì. Êàêîãî îí öâåòà? 3. Ìàëü÷èê ïîõîæ íà îòöà. 4. Âèêòîð è Êîñòÿ ðîâåñíèêè. 5. — Ó ìåíÿ íîâûé äðóã. — Êàê çîâóò òâîåãî ïàðíÿ? 6. Ó íàñ íîâûé ó÷èòåëü. Ó÷èòåëü çíàþùèé è ñòðîãèé. 7. Ñúåøü áëèí÷èê, êîòîðûé
íà áëþäå÷êå. 8. Ñâåäåíèÿ, êîòîðûå ìû ïîëó÷èëè â÷åðà, î÷åíü
âàæíûå. 9. Äîì î÷åíü ñòàðûé. Åìó ñòî ëåò. 10. Æèëè-áûëè îäíàæäû êîðîëü è êîðîëåâà. Ó íèõ áûëà äî÷ü. Èìÿ äî÷åðè áûëî
Ôèîíà. 11. Ñàëàò âêóñíûé, íî ÿ äîáàâèëà áû â íåãî íåìíîãî
ÿáëîêà. 12. ß íå ëþáëþ ðûáó, íî ðûáà, êîòîðóþ îíà ïðèãîòîâèëà, ïðîñòî îáúåäåíüå. 13. Âîäà â ýòîì îçåðå ÷èñòàÿ, è â í¸ì
åñòü ðûáà. 14. — Êòî àâòîð ýòîãî ðîìàíà? — Ýòî Àãàòà Êðèñòè. 15. Äåòè óæå â ïîñòåëè. Äîìà òèõî.
10.8. Употребите необходимый артикль.
1. This morning I bought ...................... newspaper and ......................
magazine. ...................... newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know
where I put ...................... magazine. 2. I saw ...................... accident this
morning. ...................... car crashed into ...................... tree. ......................
driver of ...................... car wasn’t hurt but ...................... car was
badly damaged. 3. There are two cars parked outside:......................
blue and ...................... red one. ...................... blue one belongs to my
neighbours; I don’t know who ...................... owner of ...................... red
one is. 4. My friends live in ...................... old house in ...................... small
63
UNIT 10
village. There is ...................... beautiful garden behind ......................
house. I would like to have such ...................... garden. 5. a) This
house is very nice. Has it got ...................... garden? b) It’s ......................
beautiful day. Let’s sit in ...................... garden. c) I like living in this
house but it’s a pity that ...................... garden is too small. 6. a) Can
you recommend ...................... good restaurant? b) We had dinner
in ...................... very nice restaurant. c) We had dinner in ......................
most expensive restaurant in town. 7. a) She has ......................
French name but in fact she’s English, not French. b) What’s
...................... name of ...................... man we met yesterday? c) We
stayed at ...................... very nice hotel. I can’t remember ......................
name now. 8. a) There isn’t ...................... airport near where I live.
...................... nearest airport is 70 miles away. b) Our plane was
delayed. We had to wait at ...................... airport for ...................... hour.
c) Excuse me, please. Can you tell me how to get to ......................
airport? 9. a) — Are you going away ...................... next week? —
No, ...................... week after next. b) I’m going away for ......................
week in September. c) George has ...................... part-time job. He
works three mornings ...................... week. 10. a) It is ...................... very
good news. You always bring ...................... good news. b)......................
news is fantastic. I can’t believe ...................... word of it.
10.9. Употребите необходимый артикль.
1. What was ...................... first word, which you said? 2. This is
...................... fax that I got this morning. 3. Do you often go to
...................... centre of ...................... city? 4. Here is ...................... code to
...................... computer. 5. My parents are ...................... main people in
my life. 6. We live in ...................... same street. 7. He took ......................
second place in that game. 8. We’ll get off at ...................... next
stop, which is also ...................... last stop. 9. He is ...................... man
I told you about. 10. What’s ...................... name of ...................... man
who discovered America? 11. ...................... concert was ......................
great success. 12. You’ll find the index on ...................... last page.
13. This is ...................... best hotel in ...................... town. 14. My flat is
on ...................... third floor. And my brother’s is on ...................... fifth
floor. 15. ...................... exercise is on ...................... next page. Do it for
...................... next week. ...................... next class will be on Monday.
Uni
Unit
U
nit
n
ni
iitt 1
11
1
Have / Have got
(èìåòü ÷òî-òî, îáëàäàòü ÷åì-òî)
Утвердительная форма
I, you, we, they
he, she, it
have...
has...
Вопросительная форма
Do you have...?
Does she have?
Отрицательная форма
I don’t have...
She doesn’t have...
I have a lot of discs. — Do you have many discs? — I don’t have many discs.
He has a lot of work to do. — Does he have much work to do? — He doesn’t
have much work to do.
Утвердительная форма
I, you, we, they
he, she, it
have got...
has got...
Вопросительная форма
Have you got...?
Has she got...?
Отрицательная форма
I haven’t got...
She hasn’t got...
I have got a big family. — Have you got a big family? — I haven’t got a big
family.
She has got a new office. — Has she got a new office? — She hasn’t got a new
office.
1
Br = British English; Am = American English.
65
UNIT 11
Have употребляется в ряде устойчивых сочетаний, выражающих деятельность или однократное действие:
to have breakfast (lunch, brunch, dinner, tea, supper),
to have a snack (a talk, a bath, a seat, a walk),
to have a good time (a rest, a journey, a holiday),
to have a look (a smoke, a date, an appointment).
Утвердительная
форма
Вопросительная
форма
Отрицательная
форма
I have dinner at four
o’clock.
We always have a good
time in summer.
Do you have dinner at
four o’clock?
Do you always have a
good time in summer?
I don’t have dinner at four
o’clock.
We don’t always have a
good time in summer.
11.1. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. I have a good job. 2. They have a daughter. 3. He has a
business of his own. 4. This family has a small hotel. 5. She
has two brothers. 6. I have some doubts about it. 7. She has
a good reputation. 8. I have much work to do. 9. We have a
good office. 10. He has a big library. 11. She has an excellent
memory. 12. She has a good sense of humour. 13. Ben has a dog.
14. Many children have pets. 15. She has many duties. 16. He
has an understanding heart.
11.2. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. They have got a country house. 2. I have got a big family.
3. He has got a fast car. 4. We usually have dinner at home.
5. She always has a rest after dinner. 6. We usually have cold
weather in winter. 7. He has a cold shower in the morning.
8. They’ve got important information. 9. She has breakfast
with her children. 10. People often have a snack at McDonald’s.
11. He has a date every Saturday. 12. I have a toothache today.
66
Have / Have got
13. We have lunch at the office. 14. She’s got interesting ideas.
15. He’s got many relatives in Moscow.
11.3. Употребите have или have got. В некоторых случаях возможны оба варианта.
1. I usually ...................... breakfast at home, but I ...................... dinner at
the office. 2. I ...................... a problem with my car. 3. We ......................
some time right now. Let’s ...................... a talk. 4. He ...................... two
small children. 5. She ...................... a high temperature. She ......................
a cold. 6. I ...................... a new swimming pool. So I ...................... a swim
every day. 7. I’d like to ...................... a look at that picture. 8. He
...................... long hair. 9. I’m going to ...................... a shower. 10. Every
Sunday he ...................... a walk in the park. 11. They ...................... big
families. 12. We usually ...................... a good time at our parties.
13. He’d like to ...................... a look at the e-mail. 14. He ......................
a huge house. It ...................... ten bedrooms. 15. My family ......................
a small flat.
11.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ó íå¸ ãîëóáûå ãëàçà è ÷¸ðíûå âîëîñû. Ó íå¸ î÷åíü êðàñèâîå
ëèöî. 2. Ó íåãî åñòü ÷óâñòâî þìîðà? 3. Ó íåãî ìíîãî äåë (ðàáîòû). Ó íåãî òðóäíàÿ ðàáîòà. 4. ß îòäûõàþ äâà ðàçà â ãîäó.
À êàê ÷àñòî âû îòäûõàåòå? 5. — Ó âàñ åñòü ìàøèíà? — Äà,
ó ìåíÿ íîâàÿ ìàøèíà. 6. — Ïîðà ñäåëàòü ïåðåðûâ è ïåðåêóñèòü. — Õîðîøàÿ ìûñëü. 7. Âîäà ñåãîäíÿ ò¸ïëàÿ. Äàâàé èñêóïàåìñÿ. 8. Õîëîäíî. Äàâàé âûïüåì ãîðÿ÷åãî ÷àÿ. 9. — Ó âàñ
åñòü âîïðîñû? — Ó íàñ íåò âîïðîñîâ. Âñ¸ ÿñíî. 10. Ó íåãî ìíîãî äðóçåé. 11. — Ó âàñ ìíîãî ðîäñòâåííèêîâ? — Íåò, ó ìåíÿ
íå ìíîãî ðîäñòâåííèêîâ. 12. — Ãäå âû îáû÷íî îáåäàåòå? —
ß îáåäàþ äîìà. 13. — Ó íåãî åñòü àëèáè. — Ó íåãî äåéñòâèòåëüíî åñòü àëèáè? — Äà. 14. Ó íàñ âñåãäà åñòü ôðóêòû íà
ñòîëå. 15. Ó íå¸ õîðîøàÿ ðåïóòàöèÿ. 16. — Ó âàñ åñòü ýëåêòðîííàÿ ïî÷òà? — Äà, åñòü.
Uni
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Ïàäåæ èìåíè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî
Case
Притяжательный падеж
Possessive Case
Общий падеж
Common Case
-’s, -’
Mary, Peter, a doctor, a teacher, a file,
novels, a child, engineers, people,
students, the Belovs
Mary’s life, Peter’s car, a doctor’s office,
a teacher’s pen, Boris’s file, Dickens’s
novels*, children’s toys, engineers’
plans, people’s lives, students’ hostel,
the Belovs’ house
* Åñëè ñëîâî çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ íà [s], òî â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ ’s: St. James’s park, Dickens’s novels, Columbus’s ship, Mr. Fox’s car.
Ïðèòÿæàòåëüíûé ïàäåæ
The Possessive Case
Основные значения: принадлежность, обладание чем-то, описание
(с одушевлёнными именами существительными)
Единственное число
’s
a boy’s toy, a girl’s dress,
an actress’s life, a woman’s
magazine, Burns’s poems
68
Множественное число
-’
boys’ toys, girls’ dresses,
actresses’ lives, lawyers’
duties, the Romanovs’
family tree
-’s
children’s shop,
men’s hobbies,
women’s magazines,
sheep’s wool, deer’s
horns
Падеж имени существительного
Продолжение табл.
Неодушевлённые существительные, как правило, передают значение
принадлежности при помощи сочетания of + существительное
the roof of the house
the end of the story
the cover of the book
the back of the chair
the cap of a pen
the leg of a table
1. Слова moon, sun, Earth,
world, country, river, ocean,
city, town, company
the moon’s surface, the sun’s rays, the Earth’s
population, the world’s history, the river’s bank,
the city’s museums, the company’s future
2. Названия стран, городов,
месяцев, дней недели
England’s traditions, Moscow’s streets, July’s heat,
Tuesday’s meeting, London’s double-deckers
3. Меры времени
и расстояния
a moment’s silence, two miles’ drive, an hour’s
sleep, a fortnight’s holiday, a day’s wait
4. Указание места
(магазина, офиса, дома,
клиники, салона и т.д.)
The chemist’s (shop), the dentist’s (office),
the baker’s (shop), my mother’s (house), the
doctor’s (clinic), the hairdresser’s (salon), the
dressmaker’s (shop), McDonald’s (restaurant)
We went for a two-mile walk. — It was two miles’ drive.
Примечание:
В посвящениях притяжательный падеж не употребляется:
the Pushkin Monument, the Kennedy Center, the State Tretyakov Gallery
12.1. Замените фразы с предлогом of на существительные в притяжательном падеже.
1. The advice of my parents. 2. The games of her sons. 3. The
marks of her children. 4. A fax from Felix. 5. A novel by Akunin.
6. The life of students. 7. A school for boys. 8. A magazine for
69
UNIT 12
women. 9. A club for men. 10. The climate of England. 11. The
surface of the moon. 12. The history of the world. 13. A holiday
for two weeks. 14. The news of today. 15. The problems of the
country.
12.2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, используя слова из правой колонки.
Where do you go if you want to
1. get fast food?
2. buy some vegetables?
3. have your eyes examined?
4. get your hair cut?
5. have some clothes cleaned?
6. buy cakes and chocolate?
7. buy a lot of small
different things?
8. have your teeth examined?
9.
10.
11.
12.
buy some medicine?
buy some meat?
buy some flowers?
get some information
about travelling?
13. have your watch repaired?
14. have your pet examined?
15. have advice about your
health?
a.
b.
ñ.
d.
the florist’s
the greengrocer’s
the travelling agent’s
the chemist’s
(drugstore)
e. the watchmaker’s
f. the doctor’s
g. the confectioner’s
h. the hairdresser’s
(the barber’s)
i. the butcher’s
j. the supermarket
k. McDonald’s
l. the vet’s
m. the optician’s
n. the dentist’s
o. the (dry) cleaner’s
12.3. Дайте форму притяжательного падежа, используя -’s, -s’, -’
1. We met at Mr. Harris house. 2. I need Bess phone number.
3. My sister husband is a broker. 4. We’ll have a children party
next week. 5. I’ll spend the weekend at my friends house. 6. They
need a month time to finish the project. 7. This is a women
shop. 8. She works in a girls school. 9. Columbus discovery of
America was a historic event. 10. Do you remember Pythagoras
Theorem? 11. “Alice Adventures in Wonderland” was written
70
Падеж имени существительного
by Lewis Carroll. 12. From the radio came Elvis voice. 13. My
brother is now reading “Gulliver Travels”. 14. It’s teenagers
style. 15. I work at Mr. Phillips office. 16. My grandparents
house is very old.
12.4. В следующих предложениях замените предложные фразы существительными в притяжательном падеже там, где это возможно.
1. The cover of this dictionary is glossy. 2. This video cassette
belongs to Liz. 3. We heard the sound of the plane. 4. Our
students study the History of the English language. 5. The roof
of the house was red. 6. The dresses of the girls were very
pretty. 7. The future of a girl depends on her character and good
luck. 8. The prices of the houses go up and up. 9. I borrowed a
mobile phone from Denis. 10. My seat was at the end of the hall.
11. This theatre is in the centre of the city. 12. He knows much
about the history of Russia. 13. We need some bread. Let’s go
to the shop of a baker. 14. A rest for an hour will do you good.
15. The news we got yesterday was unbelievable.
12.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îíà ïîëîæèëà ïàïêó íà ñòîë íà÷àëüíèêà (áîññà). 2.  ñåãîäíÿøíèõ ãàçåòàõ íåò íè÷åãî èíòåðåñíîãî. 3. Ñåãîäíÿ äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ Áîðèñà. 4. Âñå óñòàëè, äàâàéòå ñäåëàåì äåñÿòèìèíóòíûé ïåðåðûâ. 5. Ñîâåòû ìîèõ äðóçåé íå âñåãäà ïîëåçíû. 6. Ãäå
êëþ÷è îò ìàøèíû? 7. Çàâòðà ÿ ïîéäó â ïàðèêìàõåðñêóþ è â
õèì÷èñòêó. 8. Ìíå ïîíðàâèëàñü èäåÿ Òîìàñà. 9.  êîíöå óðîêà
ó÷èòåëü îòâå÷àåò íà âîïðîñû ó÷åíèêîâ. 10. Áóäóùåå ìîèõ äåòåé áåñïîêîèò ìåíÿ. 11. Ìíå íðàâÿòñÿ ðîìàíû ×àðëüçà Äèêêåíñà. 12. Èìÿ ìîåé ìëàäøåé ñåñòðû Âåðà. 13. Äîêëàäû òåõ
ñòóäåíòîâ îòëè÷íûå. 14.  ýòîì ìàãàçèíå åñòü ìóæñêèå ðóáàøêè. 15. Ìíîãèå äåòñêèå èãðóøêè ñäåëàíû â Êèòàå. 16. Êàê
çâàëè òîãî ïàðíÿ? 17. Öåíà áåíçèíà âàæíà äëÿ âîäèòåëåé.
18. — Ìíå íðàâÿòñÿ ïåñíè Ðîááè Óèëüÿìñà. — À ìíå ïåñíè
Ýíðèêå Èãëåñèàñà. 19. Óâëå÷åíèå Ïðèíöà ×àðëüçà — ëîøàäè.
20. Ôåðìà Ìèñòåðà Õàððèñà âåëèêîëåïíà. 21. Êëèìàò çåìëè
ïîñòîÿííî ìåíÿåòñÿ. 22. Ñîëíå÷íûå ëó÷è äàþò íàì æèçíü.
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Ðîä èìåíè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîãî
Gender
Средства выражения
рода
1. Лексическим
значением слова
2. Личными
местоимениями
Мужской род
Masculine
man
boy
father
husband
bachelor
brother
lord
nephew
son
cock
he
god
waiter
poet
prince
widower
4. Составными
существительными
a he-cousin
a he-goat
a man-driver
a man-servant
a boyfriend
a policeman
a businessman
72
woman
girl
mother
wife
spinster
sister
lady
niece
daughter
hen
she
3. Суффиксами -ess,
-ine (-ina), -er, -ette
5. Обусловленные
традицией:
страны, средства
передвижения
Женский род
Feminine
lion
hero
tzar
tiger
bachelor
goddess
waitress
poetess
princess
widow
lioness
heroine
tzarina
tigress
bachelorette
a she-cousin
a she-goat
a woman-driver
a maid-servant
a girlfriend
a policewoman
a businesswoman
England is proud of her
poets.
What a fine yacht!
She is very fast.
Род имени существительного
Продолжение табл.
Средства выражения
рода
Мужской род
Masculine
(самолёты, суда,
автомобили) - she
Женский род
Feminine
This jet is supersonic.
She will beat all the
records.
She is a great car!
1. Слова типа a chairman, a postman, a policeman, a fireman, a congressman считаются в настоящее время «политически некорректными», так как игнорируют
вторую половину человечества — женщин.
Говорите: a chairperson, a mail-carrier, a police officer, a firefighter, a member of
Congress и т.д.
2. В английском языке к среднему роду it относятся названия неодушевлённых
предметов.
a book, a house, a star, life, a river, snow, metal
13.1.
Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Объясните употребление выделенных слов.
1. Britain is not a great country now and she knows it. 2. She
was a good ship. 3. England is proud of her poets. 4. Look at
the moon! She is so beautiful! 5. I like my new speed-boat. She
moves so fast through the water. 6. “I’ll get her car fixed up for
her,” he said. “I’ll come and collect it — her — later”. 7. Japan
has problems of her own. 8. She is a fine car, she is fast and
beautiful.
13.2. Объясните, какой род выражают следующие существительные:
A tourist, a doll, a client, a cousin, a doctor, a mermaid, a friend,
a parent, a neighbour, a student, a stranger, a witch, a teacher,
a wizard, a clown, a fairy, an amazon, a sailor, an angel,
a passer-by, a ballerina, a ballet-dancer, a widow, a pirate.
73
UNIT 13
13.3. Назовите существительные, обозначающие противоположный пол.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a
a
a
a
a
man
brother
husband
father
nephew
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
a
a
a
a
a
son
king
girl
nun
lady
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
a bride
Mrs.
a lass
a widow
an uncle
13.4. Определите, насколько вы политкорректны и какие из приведённых
ниже слов вы употребили бы.
Mrs. — Ms.
Asian — Oriental
a chairman — a chairperson
a fireman — a firefighter
a Negro — an Afro-American
a stewardess — a flight attendant
a mailman — a mail carrier
mankind — humanity
a policeman — a police officer
a Red Indian — a Native American
a congressman — a member of Congress
a pensioner — a senior citizen
13.5.
Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на политкорректность.
1. (Ëþäè) ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî æåíùèíû ñ Âåíåðû, à ìóæ÷èíû ñ Ìàðñà. 2. Îíà íàñòîÿùàÿ ãåðîèíÿ. 3. Ïðèíöåññà Ôèîíà æäàëà ñâîåãî ïðèíöà. 4. Ãàððè Ïîòòåð áûë âîëøåáíèêîì. 5. Âîëøåáíèöà ïîìîãëà Çîëóøêå ïîåõàòü íà áàë. 6. Ëüâèöà ãíàëàñü çà ëîøàäüþ. 7. Ïîæàðíûå ÷àñòî ðèñêóþò ñâîåé æèçíüþ. 8. Áîðòïðîâîäíèöà ïðåäëîæèëà âñåì íàïèòêè. 9. Îí êîðåííîé æèòåëü Àìåðèêè. 10. Ïðåäñåäàòåëü ñîáðàíèÿ îáúÿâèë ïåðåðûâ.
11. Ìóæ ìîåé ñåñòðû — àôðî-àìåðèêàíåö. 12. Íàø ïî÷òàëüîí
âñåãäà ïðèõîäèò â 7 ÷àñîâ óòðà. 13.  Ìîñêâå ñåé÷àñ ìíîãî
æåíùèí-âîäèòåëåé. 14. Æåíà Áèëëà — ÷ëåí Êîíãðåññà. 15. Îí
áûë êîðîëü, à îíà — êîðîëåâà. 16. Æåíèõ ïîöåëîâàë íåâåñòó.
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Ïðîñòîå íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ
Present Simple
Образуется при помощи инфинитива глагола без частицы to1.
Утвердительная форма
I, we
you
they
he
she
it
speak
speaks
You speak three
languages.
He drives his car well.
It rains a lot in
summer.
Вопросительная форма
Do
I, we
you
they
Does
he
she
it
speak ...?
I, we
you
they
speak ...?
he
she
it
Do you speak three
languages?
Does he drive his car well?
Does it rain much in
summer?
Случаи употребления
1. Регулярно повторяющиеся
действия в настоящем времени,
факты, пословицы, общеизвестные
истины.
1
Отрицательная форма
do not (don’t)
does not
(doesn’t)
I do not (don’t) speak
three languages.
He does not (doesn’t)
drive his car well.
It does not (doesn’t)
rain much in summer.
Примеры
I go to school every day.
Moscow is the capital of Russia.
Tastes differ. Time flies.
Teachers educate people.
All is well that ends well.
Ïîëíûé ñïèñîê ãëàãîëîâ ñìîòðè íà ñ. 402.
75
UNIT 14
Продолжение табл.
Случаи употребления
Примеры
2. С глаголами умственной
и чувственной деятельности, а также
с глаголами обладания:
see, hear, believe, know, understand,
like, realize, own, possess, belong, prefer,
mean.
I see and hear you well.
We understand everything and we
believe you.
She realizes that she knows very
little.
He owns this house, it belongs to
him.
I like your offer.
It means a lot to me.
3. Будущее действие в соответствии с
расписанием.
My bus starts in five minutes.
The plane arrives at 7 o’clock.
The show begins at half past seven.
4. С глаголами to forget, to hear,
to be told (в значении «знать»,
«не помнить»)
I hear he is in Paris now.
(Я знаю, что он в Париже.)
I forget her telephone number.
(Я не помню её номер телефона.)
Наиболее часто употребляемые обстоятельства времени:
always, ever, never, as a rule, every day (week, month, year), now and then,
generally, seldom, occasionally, usually, regularly, rarely, sometimes, from time
to time.
What do you (does he) do (for a living)? = What’s your job (profession)?
When, Where, How (often), How much/many, What kind of ...?
Не lives here. — Who lives here?
They know it. — Who knows it?
76
Простое настоящее время
14.1. Объясните употребление простого настоящего времени в следующих
предложениях.
1. I watch TV every day. 2. After rain comes fair weather. 3. We
all make mistakes. 4. The earth moves around the sun. 5. Our
children start school at the age of four. 6. I understand you.
7. She sees and hears well. 8. Many people use metro in Moscow.
9. My bus leaves at six o’clock in the morning. 10. We usually
have lunch at 12 o’clock. 11. He is in London now. 12. There are
many holidays in the year. 13. This train arrives at midnight.
14. This linguist speaks fifteen languages. 15. I often forget people’s names. 16. It takes 25 minutes to get to the airport from
here. 17. Travelling broadens your mind.
14.2. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. Good weather makes me happy. 2. Irene helps her mother.
3. I take my dog out for a run every morning. 4. She prefers tea
to coffee. 5. Students spend a lot of money on books. 6. It takes a
long time to become clever. 7. The Chinese like spaghetti. 8. Old
people like to wear T-shirts and jeans. 9. He goes on business
trips every month. 10. It rains a lot in autumn. 11. It seldom
snows in the south of England. 12. It takes me half an hour to
get to my work. 13. She waters the flowers in her garden twice
a week. 14. Children enjoy playing computer games. 15. I meet
my classmates every year. 16. We agree with you. 17. I love
Paris in the spring. 18. I am angry with you.
14.3.
Употребите необходимый вспомогательный глагол (do, does, be в
нужной форме) в следующих вопросах и ответах.
1. — ...................... you want to join us? — No, we ...................... busy.
2. — ...................... your clock show the right time? — No, it
...................... . It ...................... fast. 3. How long ...................... it usually take
you to get home? — It ...................... take me long. 4. What ......................
this word mean? ...................... anyone know it? 5. ...................... your
parents know about it? — My mother _____, but my father
...................... . 6. — ...................... you like living in Moscow? — No, I
......................, life ...................... hectic here. 7. — ...................... it ever snow
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UNIT 14
in California? — No, it ......................, it ...................... always hot there.
8. — ...................... pupils make many spelling mistakes? — Yes,
they ......................, English spelling ...................... killing. 9. — ......................
anyone help you with housework? — Yes, my daughter ......................
it when she ...................... at home. 10. — ...................... your son like
animals? — Yes, he ...................... . He ...................... a vet (veterinarian).
11. — ...................... your children go to school? — My son ......................,
but my daughter ...................... only four years old. 12. — ......................
it usually take you long to look through the e-mail? — No, it
......................, it ...................... the secretary’s duty. 13. — ...................... it
ever snow in the Sahara? — No, it _____, it ...................... a desert.
14. — How well ...................... he run his firm? — He ...................... a
good businessman. 15. — ...................... you agree with me? — No, I
...................... . I ...................... still angry with you.
14.4.
Дополните следующие предложения глаголами в отрицательной
форме согласно образцу:
I like apples, but I don·t like oranges.
She speaks French, but she doesn·t speak it well.
1. He does business, but he ...................... it successfully. 2. Tom’s
parents give him pocket money, but they ...................... him much.
3. That shop sells office equipment, but it ...................... computers.
4. We know Sharon, but we ...................... her parents. 5. I feel sad,
but I ...................... unhappy. 6. He makes grammar mistakes, but
he ...................... spelling mistakes. 7. He earns a lot of money, but
he ...................... millions. 8. She speaks English, but she ......................
any other foreign language. 9. He works hard, but he ......................
on weekends. 10. This hotel attracts a lot of tourists, but it
...................... them in winter. 11. It takes me two hours to get to my
country house, but it ...................... me so long to get to my work.
12. He knows all about computers, but he ...................... anything
about real life. 13. She likes the book, but she ...................... the film.
14. I like dogs, but I ...................... cats. 15. She loves him, but she
...................... his friends. 16. He has a car, but he ...................... a garage.
17. She’s got a dishwasher, but she ...................... a breadmaker.
18. Teenagers like mostly pop music, but they ...................... classical
music. 19. He wears caps, but he ...................... hats. 20. Most people
like summer, but they ...................... winter.
78
Простое настоящее время
14.5. Дополните слова фразами из правой колонки.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
An artist
Doctors
A tailor
Microchips
Dictionaries
A businessman
A Xerox
Information
a.
b.
ñ
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Programmers
A baker
A writer
Cash dispensers
A babysitter
A showman
Mobile phones
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
are used to make computers.
explain the meanings of words.
makes photocopies.
rules the world.
write computer programmes.
makes and sells bread.
writes stories and novels.
give customers money from
their banks.
looks after little children.
arranges shows.
contact us with many people.
does business.
paints pictures.
makes men’s clothes.
treat people.
14.6. А. Употребите правильную форму глаголов в скобках.
Robert is a very ordinary boy. He (live) with his mother and
father in a perfectly ordinary house in an ordinary street which
(be) opposite the park. Every morning his father (put) on his
hat, (pick) up his umbrella from the hall, and (go) off to work.
His mother (put) on an apron, (get) out the vacuum cleaner and
(do) the housework. And Robert (put) on his suit, (pick) up his
lunchbox and (go) off to school.
In the afternoon when he (get) home, his mother (open) the
door and (say): “Hello, dear. Did you have a nice day?” Then
they (have) tea and sometimes (go) shopping together and later,
when his father (come) back from work, they all (have) supper
and (talk) a bit, and then Robert (go) to bed. Robert (like) his
life exactly the way it (be).
But one day when he returns home from school, his father
(open) the door and (say): “You (be) home early today, Robert.”
“I (be) always on time, Dad,” (say) Robert. “You (be) the one
that (be) early.”
79
UNIT 14
“Today (be) a very important day,” (explain) his father. “It’s
day one. Our life (be) very boring. From today things (be)
going to be different. I have an idea. It (be) an absolutely
original idea. We (be) going to move out of our house and (live)
in a treehouse in the park close to nature.” “But there (be)
not a treehouse in the park,” (cry) Robert. “So we shall build
one,” (answer) George. Robert (feel) very, very unhappy, as he
not (want) to leave his comfortable house, his Lego, his model
planes, some books and his Action Man. But his parents (be)
happy with the new prospect and (not want) to listen to their
son who (think) that his Dad and Mom (be) just two crazy
people.
В. Опишите обычный день своей мамы (папы, друга, подруги).
14.7. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Òàðàñ — ïðîãðàììèñò. Îí ïèøåò êîìïüþòåðíûå ïðîãðàììû. 2. — Òâîé áðàò ìíîãî ðàáîòàåò? — Äà, ó íåãî áîëüøàÿ
ñåìüÿ. 3. — ß íå îïîçäàë, íå òàê ëè? — Íåò, âû âñåãäà ïðèõîäèòå âîâðåìÿ. 4. Íà ñåâåðå Àíãëèè ÷àñòî èä¸ò ñíåã. 5. Ìîé àâòîáóñ îáû÷íî îòïðàâëÿåòñÿ â 9 ÷àñîâ óòðà. 6. Îí äåëàåò ìíîãî
îøèáîê, ïîòîìó ÷òî íå ëþáèò äóìàòü. 7. Ñòóäåíòû ñäàþò ýêçàìåíû äâà ðàçà â ãîäó. 8. Ìîÿ ìàìà ëþáèò ôðóêòû è îâîùè,
íî îíà íå âåãåòàðèàíêà. 9. ß ñîñòàâëÿþ ýëåêòðîííûå ïèñüìà, à
Àëåêñàíäð îòïðàâëÿåò èõ. 10. — Êàêîãî ðîäà ôèëüìû âû ëþáèòå ñìîòðåòü? — Ìíå íðàâÿòñÿ õîðîøèå ôèëüìû. 11. — Òû
ëãóí! — Íåò, ÿ ÷åñòíûé ÷åëîâåê, ÿ âñåãäà ãîâîðþ ïðàâäó.
12. Ïîñìîòðè íà íåáî. Ïîõîæå, áóäåò äîæäü. 13. Òû âåäü âñåãäà îáåäàåøü äîìà, íå ïðàâäà ëè? 14. Ìàìà Ìàêñèìà ìíîãî
ðàáîòàåò, ïîýòîìó îí ñàì óáèðàåò ñâîþ êîìíàòó. 15. Åãî áèçíåñ ïðèíîñèò åìó áîëüøèå äåíüãè è ìàññó ïðîáëåì. 16. Ñîëíöå âñòà¸ò íà âîñòîêå, à ñàäèòñÿ íà çàïàäå. 17. Ìîé îïòèìèçì
ïîìîãàåò ìíå â æèçíè. 18. — Ñêîëüêî âàì îáû÷íî òðåáóåòñÿ
âðåìåíè, ÷òîáû ïðèãîòîâèòü êîôå? — Ýòî çàíèìàåò ó ìåíÿ
5 ìèíóò. 19. Íàøà ó÷èòåëüíèöà çàäà¸ò íàì ñëèøêîì ìíîãî
äîìàøíèõ çàäàíèé. 20. — ×åì âû çàíèìàåòåñü? — ß ó÷èòåëü,
ó÷ó äåòåé.
80
Простое настоящее время
14.8. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.
1. Íå knows everything about computers. 2. I usually get up
at seven o’clock. 3. She lives in the centre of Moscow. 4. Children like fast food. 5. Igor wants to become a showman. 6. Many
people play tennis. 7. He drives an expensive car. 8. I have a
cold shower every morning. 9. Most people get to their work by
metro. 10. They work in a bank. 11. They work hard. 12. I often
have fish for dinner. 13. My father drives a car. 14. She sings
well. 15. I do it to help her. 16. It takes us an hour to write a
test. 17. He wants a good job. 18. She speaks English fluently.
14.9. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Íèêòî íå çíàåò, ÷åì îí çàíèìàåòñÿ. 2. Îí ëþáèò å¸, íî îíà
åìó íå âåðèò. 3. Äåâî÷êè îáû÷íî íå ëþáÿò ìàòåìàòèêó. 4. Ìîé
äðóã ìíîãî êóðèò è íå õî÷åò áðîñèòü êóðåíèå (give up smoking). 5. Îíà îáû÷íî ïàðêóåò ìàøèíó âî äâîðå. 6. — Ñêîëüêî
ñòîèò ýòîò öâåòîê? — Îí ñòîèò ñòî ðóáëåé. 7. Ýòè äåòè äåëàþò çàìå÷àòåëüíûå èãðóøêè. 8. — Âû îòêóäà? — Ìû èç Èñïàíèè. 9. — ×åì òû çàðàáàòûâàåøü íà æèçíü? — Ðàáîòàþ â
êíèæíîì ìàãàçèíå. 10. —  êàêîå âðåìÿ îáû÷íî ïðèõîäèò ïî÷òà? — Îíà ïðèõîäèò â 7 ÷àñîâ óòðà. 11. — Ïî÷åìó îíà âñåãäà ïîçäíî ïðèõîäèò äîìîé? — Îíà ïîñåùàåò êëóáû è çàòåì
ñïèò äî îáåäà. — À ÷òî îá ýòîì äóìàþò å¸ ðîäèòåëè? 12. Îí
íèêîãäà íå æàëóåòñÿ. Îí ãîâîðèò, ÷òî êîãäà îí æàëóåòñÿ, òî
íèêòî åãî íå ñëóøàåò. 13. — ×òî òû äóìàåøü î íàøåì íîâîì
äèðåêòîðå? Îí òåáå íðàâèòñÿ? — Íå çíàþ, òðóäíî ñêàçàòü.
14. — Íàñêîëüêî õîðîøî âû çíàåòå ýòè ìåñòà? — Ìû çíàåì
èõ íå î÷åíü õîðîøî. 15. Ìóæ÷èíû îáû÷íî ëþáÿò ÷èòàòü ãàçåòû, íî ìîé îòåö íå ëþáèò. 16. Íàø ïîåçä óõîäèò â ïÿòü ÷àñîâ
äíÿ. 17. Ñåðèàë íà÷èíàåòñÿ â 5 ÷àñîâ. Ìîÿ áàáóøêà ñìîòðèò
åãî ñ áîëüøèì èíòåðåñîì. 18. Êàê òîëüêî îíà âõîäèò â êâàðòèðó, îíà âêëþ÷àåò òåëåâèçîð. Îíà ãîâîðèò, ÷òî íå ìîæåò æèòü
áåç íåãî, òàê êàê îí äåëàåò å¸ ñ÷àñòëèâîé. 19. Êîíå÷íî, ó ìåíÿ
åñòü ñåêðåòû. Ó êàæäîãî åñòü íåñêîëüêî ñåêðåòîâ. 20. Äåíèñ
âñåãäà ðàññêàçûâàåò ìíå íîâîñòè, è ÿ ëþáëþ ñëóøàòü èõ.
Unit
U
nit
n it
it 1
15
5
Ïîâåëèòåëüíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ
Imperative sentences
Повелительные предложения выражают приказания, предупреждения,
просьбы и пожелания. Они образуются при помощи инфинитива (неопределённой формы глагола) без частицы to. Подлежащее you подразумевается, но не употребляется.
Be happy! Take it easy! Smile!
Say “cheese”! Relax! Stay cool!
Freeze! Dismiss! Look at the slides!
Enter the PIN code.
Вспомогательный глагол do используется в отрицательных повелительных
предложениях для выражения запрещения.
82
Утвердительные предложения
Отрицательные предложения
Sit down! Stand up!
Open your mouth!
Close your eyes!
Buy expensive things!
Do it again!
Don’t sit down! Don’t stand up!
Don’t open your mouth!
Don’t close your eyes!
Don’t buy expensive things!
Never ever do it again!
Never say “never”!
Повелительные предложения
let + инфинитив (без to) используется для 1-го и 3-го лица.
Утвердительные предложения
Отрицательные предложения
Let me do it.
Let him buy it.
Let’s stay here.
Let them go to the park.
Don’t let me do it.
Don’t let him buy it.
Let’s not stay here.
Don’t let them go to the park.
Разделительные вопросы:
Stay here, will (would) you?
Help me to do it, will (would) you?
Don’t be late, will you?
Don’t answer back, will you?
Глагол do используется для выражения более вежливой просьбы.
Do sit down! Do believe me! Do trust me! Do help me!
Cheer up! — Выше нос!
Let me see; let me think. — Дайте мне подумать.
Mind your own business! — Занимайся своими делами! (Не вмешивайся!)
15.1. Отреагируйте на следующие ситуации.
1. Your child told you a lie.
2. Your boyfriend is always late.
3. Your boss is shouting at you.
4. They are angry with you.
5. Your brother is always using your mobile.
6. Your friend borrows money and never gives it back.
7. Your pupils don’t answer your questions.
8. Your child opened the door to strangers.
9. You invite somebody to have tea with you.
10. Your children are too noisy today.
83
UNIT 15
11. Your friend has decided to leave her husband.
12. You and your friends want to see a new show.
15.2. Прочитайте, переведите и определите, где вы можете увидеть и услышать следующие объявления.
1. Push. Pull. 2. Please Don’t Feed The Animals. 3. Fasten Seat
Belts. 4. Do Not Lean Out Of The Window. 5. Please stand on
the right. 6. Beware of the dog. 7. No Smoking. 8. Queue This
Side. 9. Slow down. 10. No Parking. 11. Do Not Walk On The
Grass. 12. Passengers Must Not Cross The Line. 13. Mind the
doors! 14. Keep Britain Tidy! 15. Choose the language. Enter the
PIN code. 16. Wait, your transaction is processed. 17. The number you have dialed is blocked. Call back later. 18. Don’t mobile
when mobile!
15.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. He âîëíóéòåñü! Áóäüòå ñ÷àñòëèâû! 2. Îòíîñèòåñü ê ýòîìó
ëåã÷å. 3. Íàñëàæäàéòåñü æèçíüþ. 4. Íèêîãäà íå ãîâîðè «íèêîãäà»! 5. Íå îáðàùàé âíèìàíèÿ íà òàêèå âåùè. 6. Íå ãîðÿ÷èñü! (ñîõðàíÿé ñïîêîéñòâèå). 7. Ïðîâàëèâàé! Íèêîãäà áîëüøå çäåñü íå ïîÿâëÿéñÿ. 8. Íå êëàäèòå äåíüãè â áàíê! Òðàòüòå èõ! Íî íå òðàòüòå ñëèøêîì ìíîãî! 9. Äàâàéòå áóäåì äðóçüÿìè. Äàâàéòå áóäåì (îñòàíåìñÿ) âìåñòå äî êîíöà. 10. Ïóñòü
èãðàåò ìóçûêà, äàâàéòå õîðîøî ïîâåñåëèìñÿ. 11. Ïîñåòèòå
íàø ñàéò â Èíòåðíåòå. 12. Çàíèìàéñÿ ñîáñòâåííûìè äåëàìè!
13. Íèêîãäà íå ñïîðü ñî ìíîé. Íèêîãäà íå ïðåðåêàéñÿ ñî ìíîé
(to answer back). 14. Íèêîãäà íå îòêëàäûâàé (put off till...) íà
çàâòðà òî, ÷òî ìîæíî ñäåëàòü ïîñëåçàâòðà. 15. Ïîòèøå, ïîòèøå, ñáàâü ñêîðîñòü. 16. Çàìðè! Âîëüíî! 17. Ïîçâîëüòå åìó ñäåëàòü òàê, êàê îí õî÷åò. 18. Ðàññëàáüòåñü, õîðîøî? 19. Íå îòêðûâàé äâåðü íåçíàêîìûì ëþäÿì, ëàäíî? 20. — Íå ïîëüçóéòåñü ìîáèëüíûìè òåëåôîíàìè, êîãäà âû çà ðóë¸ì. Ýòî îïàñíî. — Äà çíàþ ÿ ýòî. 21. Âûáåðèòå ÿçûê è ââåäèòå PIN-êîä.
22. Äîáðî ïîæàëîâàòü â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèþ!
Unit
U
n
nit
it 1
16
6
Íàñòîÿùåå ïðîäîëæåííîå
âðåìÿ
Present Progressive
(Continuous)
Утвердительная
форма
Вопросительная
форма
I
am (I’m)
He
She
It
is
We
You
They
(we’re)
we
We
are not (aren’t)
are (you’re) reading Are you reading? You reading
(they’re)
they
They
(he’s)
(she’s)
(it’s)
I’m reading a book.
He is sleeping.
They are talking.
reading Am I
Отрицательная
форма
reading Is
he
she
it
reading? I
am not (I’m not)
reading
He
reading? She
It
is not (isn’t)
reading
Are you reading
a book?
Is he sleeping?
Are they talking?
I’m not reading
a book.
He isn’t sleeping.
They aren’t talking.
85
UNIT 16
Случаи употребления
Примеры
1. Действие, происходящее
сейчас, в данный момент.
We are watching a new film now.
It is still raining outside.
They are still working.
I’m coming, wait for me.
2. Действие, происходящее
в течение определённого
периода времени в настоящем.
This team is playing very well this year.
I am studying at college now.
He is writing a new book at present.
3. Эмоционально окрашенные
действия, выражающие
раздражение, неудовольствие.
He is always losing his keys!
They are constantly talking about their
problems!
Why are you chewing all the time?
4. Заранее запланированное
действие в ближайшем будущем
(с глаголами движения: move,
come, go, leave, arrive, return, start),
to be going to («собираться чтото сделать»).
We are leaving tomorrow.
They are coming back next Sunday.
My granny is arriving next week.
We are moving to a new flat soon.
I'm going to open a website.
Обстоятельства времени:
now, right now, at present, at the moment, always, constantly, still,
soon, next.
1. Следующие глаголы не употребляются в продолженных временах, так как
выражают факты: believe, understand, realize, matter, know, contain, intend, cost, remember, own, possess, belong, prefer, deserve, depend, resemble, look like.
I believe you and you know it. He owns this wonderful house.
She possesses a good sense of humour. Now we realize how risky it was.
2. Глаголы to go on, to keep, to remain, to continue, to last не употребляются в продолженных временах, так как уже лексически выражают процесс.
The film lasts two hours. They kept talking.
The children continued to play. He remained silent.
86
Настоящее продолженное время
3. Глаголы stand, lie, run, flow, lead, hang не употребляются в продолженных временах с неодушевлёнными предметами, так как выражают факт, а не процесс и равняются глаголу to be.
The house stands (is) on the hill. A thick fog hung (was) in the air.
The path led to the lake. The whole city lay before us.
16.1.
Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Объясните употребление настоящего продолженного времени.
A. 1. — Where are the boys? — They are playing football in
the yard. 2. Be quiet! The child is sleeping. 3. At the moment
he is making a report. 4. She is writing a new novel at present.
5. They are living in Florida now. 6. We are discussing our plans
right now. 7. I am learning to drive a car now. 8. Our football
team is playing badly this season. 9. What perfume are you
wearing today? 10. — Is it still raining? — No, it’s snowing.
A cold wind is blowing.
B. 1. We are going home in half an hour. 2. My parents are
returning from Sochi next Saturday. I’m going to meet them.
3. — When is the concert starting? — Very soon. 4. My family
is moving to the country tomorrow. 5. They are giving a party
next weekend.
C. 1. — Why are you always smiling? Are you very happy? —
Yes, I am. 2. Some kids are watching too many cartoons. 3. Brian
is playing computer games all round the clock. 4. This cat is
constantly miawing and scratching me! 5. You are spending too
much money! You should be careful with it. 6. Some people
are chewing gum nonstop. 7. He is driving his car so carelessly!
8. Why am I always forgetting people’s names? Am I getting
old? 9. You are driving me crazy (nuts)! 10. She is talking on her
mobile for hours!
16.2. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. Switch on the light. It (get) dark. 2. Put on a warm coat.
It (snow) outside. 3. Look out of the window. Some students
(hurry) to their first lecture. 4. It’s a fine day today. The sun
(shine), the wind not (blow). 5. We (have) dinner right now. I’ll
87
UNIT 16
call you back later. 6. I (wear) my best suit and shoes today.
I (go) to an interview. 7. He (look for) this file but he can’t find
it. 8. — What you (look) at? — I (look) at my old photographs.
9. It’s 10 o’clock but the child still (sleep). 10. I (learn) Arabic,
and I find it very interesting. 11. They are at a karaoke club now.
They (sing) there. 12. Look how many people (walk) in the park.
They (enjoy) the fresh air and exercise. 13. What group you
(teach) this year? 14. — How you (feel) today? — Thank you,
doctor. I (feel) much better. 15. — You still (look) for a job? —
Yes, I am. 16. — What you (think) about? — I (think) about
you. 17. — Why you (sit) here and (do) nothing? — I (relax).
18. — You (kid)? — No, I’m absolutely serious. 19. — How you
(get on)? — Thank you, I (do) fine.
16.3. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.
1. She is talking about her new job. 2. He is sending a message
to his boss. 3. The students are preparing for the session. 4. My
parents are visiting their friends today. 5. She is complaining
about her children. 6. I’m calling my boyfriend. 7. He is shouting
at his secretary. 8. We are waiting for the bus. 9. They are talking
about their plans. 10. She is quarrelling with her friend. 11. We
are discussing the latest show. 12. He is singing about love. 13. My
friend is learning to drive a car. 14. He is serving in the Army
now. 15. My children are resting in the Crimea at present.
16.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Êîðîëåâñêèé äâîðåö ñòîÿë â ïàðêå. 2. Ïîëèöåéñêèé ñòîÿë
íà ïåðåêð¸ñòêå è ðåãóëèðîâàë äâèæåíèå. 3. Ðó÷åé ïðîòåêàåò
÷åðåç äåðåâíþ. 4. Ïî÷åìó ýòî íà êóõíå òå÷¸ò âîäà? Çàêðîé
êðàí, ïîæàëóéñòà. 5. Ïåðåä íàìè ëåæàëà ïðåêðàñíàÿ äîëèíà. 6. Äåòè ëåæàëè íà ïîëó è ñìîòðåëè ìóëüòèêè. 7. Äîðîãà
âåëà ê øêîëå. 8. Ñóñàíèí â¸ë ïîëÿêîâ ÷åðåç ëåñ, âñ¸ äàëüøå
è äàëüøå îò Ìîñêâû. 9. Ÿ áóäóùåå íàõîäèòñÿ â òâîèõ ðóêàõ.
10. Äâåðü ñòîÿëà îòêðûòîé. 11. Îí ñòîÿë ó îêíà, êîãäà ÿ âîøëà
â êîìíàòó. 12. Íàä Òåìçîé âèñåë ãóñòîé òóìàí. 13. Ìû âåøàëè
êàðòèíó, êîãäà îí ïðèø¸ë. 14. Ýòîò êîëîäåö ïåðåñûõàåò ëåòîì
(run dry). 15. Êóäà ýòî âû áåæèòå?
88
Настоящее продолженное время
16.5. А. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
It’s Friday evening. Denis (walk) in the centre of Moscow to the
metro station. He (meet) his friend Igor, who (go) in the same
direction.
Denis — Hallo, Igor. Where you (hurry) to?
Igor — I (go) to my uncle’s place. I (go) there once a month to
take the money which my father (send) me.
D. — Why your father not (send) it to you?
I. — He not (want) to send it by post, as my father and my
uncle’s son (work) together in the country, so my father always
(give) him some money for me.
D. — Shall we take a bus? I (see) that you (limp)1.
I. — I usually (go) by bus. But today I not (have) any money
left.
D. — Oh, usually I not (use) public transport very much. My
mother (say) that I (get) too fat, so I (try) to take more exercise.
And by the way, why you (wear) shoes that not (fit)?
I. — They (be) new. And the left one (rub) a lot, that’s why I
(limp).
D. — You can’t walk like that. Let’s take the bus. It usually
(come) at about this time.
I. — It (come) now, look. But I not (have) any money.
D. — Well, not (worry)! I can lend you some. Come on, not
(argue). The driver (wait) for us.
В. Подойдите к окну и опишите то, что происходит на улице.
16.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — ×òî çäåñü ïðîèñõîäèò? Ïî÷åìó âû âñå ñìå¸òåñü? — Àíäðåé ðàññêàçûâàåò íàì ðàçíûå èñòîðèè. 2. Ïîãîäà ñòàíîâèòñÿ
âñ¸ òåïëåå, äíè ñòàíîâÿòñÿ äëèííåå, íî÷è êîðî÷å. Ïðèáëèæàåòñÿ âåñíà. 3. Âåñíîé ìû îáû÷íî ïåðåâîäèì íàøè ÷àñû íà ÷àñ
íàçàä, à îñåíüþ ìû ñòàâèì èõ íà ÷àñ âïåð¸ä. 4. Áàáóøêà âÿæåò ìíå ò¸ïëûé ñâèòåð. Îíà î÷åíü õîðîøî âÿæåò è ïîëó÷àåò
1
to limp — õðîìàòü.
89
UNIT 16
îò ýòîãî óäîâîëüñòâèå. 5. — ×òî âû, äåòè, äåëàåòå íà óëèöå?
Âåäü óæå íî÷ü. — Ìû èùåì ñâîþ ñîáà÷êó. 6. Ìàìà ñìîòðèò íîâûé áðàçèëüñêèé ñåðèàë, à ÿ ÷èòàþ ñâîé ó÷åáíèê, ÿ íå ëþáëþ
ñåðèàëû. 7.  äàííîå âðåìÿ ÿ ïèøó äèïëîìíóþ ðàáîòó. ß ìíîãî ðàáîòàþ íàä íåé. 8. Ìû âñòðå÷àåìñÿ çàâòðà âå÷åðîì è èä¸ì
â êàôå. 9. — Õî÷åøü ïèðîæíîå? — Íåò, ñïàñèáî, ÿ ïîïðàâëÿþñü, òàê ÷òî ñòàðàþñü õóäåòü. 10. — Âçãëÿíè! Èä¸ò ñíåã. —
Ðàäèî ãîâîðèò, ÷òî â Àíãëèè ñåãîäíÿ èä¸ò äîæäü. 11. — Ïîðà
èäòè ñïàòü, à òû âñ¸ åù¸ ñèäèøü çà êîìïüþòåðîì! — Íå âîëíóéñÿ, ÿ çàêàí÷èâàþ ýòîò ôàéë. 12. — Ãäå Ìàøà? — Îíà
â ñàäó. Îíà ïîëèâàåò öâåòû. 13. — ×òî òû èùåøü çäåñü? —
ß èùó ñâîþ ïåð÷àòêó. — Âå÷íî òû èõ òåðÿåøü! Íóæíî ñðàçó ïîêóïàòü äâå ïàðû. 14. Ìîÿ æèçíü ñòàíîâèòñÿ âñ¸ áîëåå
èíòåðåñíîé. Ïðîèñõîäèò òàê ìíîãî âñåãî. 15. — Îïÿòü òû åøü
÷èïñû! Òû ÷òî, òàê èõ ëþáèøü? — Äà, î÷åíü. 16. — ß âèæó,
÷òî âû ïîíèìàåòå ìåíÿ. — Äà, ÿ âàì âåðþ.
16.7. Прочитайте текст и расскажите, чем вы, ваши родители, друзья занимаетесь в данный момент.
LEMON TREE
(extract from the song by Fools Garden)
I’m sitting here in the boring room
It’s just another rainy afternoon
I’m wasting my time
I got nothing to do
I’m hanging around
I’m waiting for you
But nothing ever happens and I wonder
I’m driving around in my car
I’m driving too fast
I’m driving too far
I’d like to change my point of view
I feel so lonely
I’m waiting for you
But nothing ever happens and I wonder
90
Настоящее продолженное время
I wonder how
I wonder why
Yesterday you told me ’bout blue blue sky
And all that I can see is just a yellow lemon tree.
16.8. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îí âåëèêèé ïóòåøåñòâåííèê. Êàê ðàç ñåé÷àñ îí ïóòåøåñòâóåò ïî Âîñòîêó. 2. ß íå ïîíèìàþ, ÷òî òû ãîâîðèøü. Ãîâîðè ìåäëåííî, ïîæàëóéñòà. 3. Îí ñ÷èòàåò, ÷òî îíà ÷óäåñíàÿ äåâóøêà.
Îí ïîñòîÿííî äóìàåò î íåé. 4. Ìîÿ ìàìà ÷àñòî ïå÷¸ò ïèðîãè.
Ñåãîäíÿ îíà äåëàåò òîðò, ïîòîìó ÷òî âå÷åðîì ïðèåçæàþò íàøè
äðóçüÿ. 5. ß âíèìàòåëüíî âàñ ñëóøàþ. ×òî âû ïëàíèðóåòå äåëàòü? 6. — Ãäå äåòè? — Îíè â ãîñòèíîé. — Îïÿòü ñìîòðÿò
ìóëüòèêè? — Íåò, îíè èãðàþò â êàêóþ-òî èãðó. 7. Èä¸ò ñèëüíûé äîæäü, õîòÿ â äåêàáðå äîæäü íèêîãäà íå èä¸ò. 8. — Êòî
ýòè ëþäè è ÷òî îíè çäåñü äåëàþò? — Íèêòî íå çíàåò ýòîãî.
9. — Êàêàÿ ñåãîäíÿ ïîãîäà? — Ìîðîçíî, è ÿðêî ñâåòèò ñîëíöå.
10. Ïðèáëèæàåòñÿ Íîâûé ãîä. Ëþäè ãîòîâÿòñÿ ê íåìó è ïîêóïàþò ïîäàðêè. 11. Ýòîé çèìîé ÷àñòî èä¸ò ñíåã. Âîò è ñåé÷àñ èä¸ò ñíåã. 12. — Êîãî òû æäåøü? — Æäó ïîäðóãó. Óæå
7 ÷àñîâ. Áîþñü, ÷òî îíà îïàçäûâàåò. 13. Ñåé÷àñ ÿ ñèæó çà ñòîëîì â ñâî¸ì îôèñå. Ìîé ìåíåäæåð ðàáîòàåò íà êîìïüþòåðå.
Ñåêðåòàðøà ïðîñìàòðèâàåò ýëåêòðîííóþ ïî÷òó. 14. Ìû ñëóøàåì êîíöåðò ñåé÷àñ. Ìíîãèå èçâåñòíûå ïåâöû ïðèíèìàþò â
í¸ì ó÷àñòèå. 15.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ îí ðàáîòàåò â êíèæíîì
ìàãàçèíå. 16. Îí óëè÷íûé ìóçûêàíò1. Îí ïî¸ò â Ëîíäîíñêîì
ìåòðî. 17. — Êàêóþ êíèãó òû ÷èòàåøü? — Íîâûé äåòåêòèâ.
Îí î÷åíü èíòåðåñíûé. À òû ëþáèøü äåòåêòèâíûå ðîìàíû? —
Èíîãäà äà. 18. Ïî÷åìó òû âñåãäà êðèòèêóåøü ëþäåé? Ýòî ïëîõî. 19. Íå ìîãó ïîâåðèòü, ÷òî â äàííûé ìîìåíò ìû èäåì ïî
óëèöàì Ëîíäîíà è íàñëàæäàåìñÿ âñåìè çíàìåíèòûìè ìåñòàìè. 20. Îí ïîäóìûâàåò î òîì, ÷òîáû êóïèòü íîâóþ ìàøèíó,
è ïîýòîìó ðàáîòàåò ñ óòðà äî íî÷è, ÷òîáû çàðàáîòàòü äåíüãè.
1
à busker ['bțskNj] — óëè÷íûé ìóçûêàíò.
Unit
U
n
nit
it 1
17
7
Ïîâòîðåíèå
Revision
17.1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. Does the sun rise in the east or in the west? 2. Do many
people know English? 3. Is our climate getting warmer or colder?
4. Do dogs or cats help people to find drugs and bombs? 5. Who
writes articles for newspapers and magazines? 6. Do bees make
honey or jam? 7. Who sells bread? 8. Who treats animals? 9. Do
engineers or programmers write computer programs? 10. Who
serves food in a restaurant? 11. Is life getting easier or more
difficult? 12. Who directs the traffic? 13. Does water boil at
100° or 150° Centigrade? 14. Are we getting younger or older?
15. Are the prices going up or down?
17.2. Дополните следующие предложения фразами из правой колонки.
1. An alcoholic is a person who
2. Workaholics are people who
3. A chocaholic is a person
who
4. A shopaholic is a person
who
5. A clothesaholic is a person
who
6. Milkaholics are people who
92
a. lies on the sofa, watches
TV and does nothing else.
b. guards rich and important
people.
ñ. is mad about new clothes.
d. likes to keep everything
clean.
e. have a very poor memory.
f. keeps financial books.
Повторение
7. A cleanaholic is a person
who
8. Forgetaholics are people
who
9. A bookaphobic
is a person who
10. Xenophobes are
people who
11. An accountant
is a person who
12. A bodyguard is a person
who
13. A couch [kautȒ] potato is
a person who
g. are afraid of foreigners.
h. hates reading books.
i. like milk products very
much.
j. drinks heavily.
k. loves chocolate very much
(has a sweet tooth).
l. work all round the clock.
m. is fond of shopping.
17.3. Употребите необходимый артикль.
1. Barbara is ...................... teacher. She has ...................... stressful job.
2. ...................... box is made of ...................... silver. 3. It’s ...................... very
important news. Where did you get ...................... news? 4. I’d like
...................... sandwich or ...................... toast with ...................... cup of ......................
black coffee. 5. There was ...................... accident in ...................... centre
of ...................... city ...................... week ago. 6. ...................... butter is made
from ...................... milk. 7. If ...................... figures are correct, you’ll have
...................... chance to win ...................... car in ...................... lottery. 8. They
have two children, ...................... boy and ...................... girl. ...................... boy
is seven years old and ...................... girl is three. 9. Close ......................
door, please. I may catch ...................... cold. 10. ...................... new cars are
very expensive. I bought ...................... old one. 11. There are ......................
apples and ...................... oranges on ...................... kitchen table. There is
also ...................... vase with ...................... flowers on it. 12. — Have you
bought ...................... present for ...................... coming holiday? — Yes, I
did it ...................... week ago. And I’ve got ...................... surprise for you
too. 13. ...................... vegetarian is ...................... person who doesn’t eat
...................... meat. 14. What ...................... miserable weather it is today!
I hate such ......................... weather. 15. — Where are ...................... keys
to the car? — I saw them ...................... minute ago on ...................... desk.
16. — ...................... computer is out of order and I’ve lost ......................
mouse again! — It was on ...................... mat, wasn’t it? 17. — What’s
93
UNIT 17
...................... matter with you? — I’ve got ...................... headache. — You
should go for ...................... walk in ...................... park. And take ......................
dog out for ...................... run, will you?
17.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. — My brother (build) a house in the country. — He (be) a
builder? — No, he just (like) to do something with his hands.
And then he not (do) it alone. Two or three people (help)
him. 2. — What you (do) this Saturday? You (be) free? —
Unfortunately, I (work) this Saturday, though I usually not
(work) on this day. And you? What you (do) this weekend? —
Fortunately, I not (work), I (rest). 3. — You (be) serious or you
(kid)? — I (try) to tell you that you (behave) like a fool. 4. —
Exams (come) soon and we (work) like maniacs. — But usually
you not (work) so hard, as far as I know. 5. — What you (look)
for in this site? — Our teacher (say) that there (be) everything
you need in the Internet. And I (write) my graduation project
at present. I (be going) to use as much material as possible in
it. 6. — Your English (get) better or worse? — I (think) that
it (improve). And I even (think) of studying it with a native
speaker. — Yes, I (see) that you seriously (think) about your
future career.
17.5. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. It’s Monday morning and my students (drive) me nuts1.
I (stand) in the room in the International Language School in
London. The motto of this school (be) “English in Two Years
Without Any Tears”. My students are mostly from East Asia —
Japan, China, Hong Kong. Now I (watch) them closely. Zeng
(sleep) at the back of the class. Imran (stare) at the text message
on his mobile phone. Astrid and Vanessa (chatter). Witold (cry)
and Yumi (try) to comfort him. Only Gen (look) at me. He (wait)
for something to happen. Suddenly Zeng (start) snoring. I clear
my throat. “Right, who’s got that homework for me?” I ask
them. But I can see that they (be) not ready with it. Usually I
1
94
to drive somebody nuts — ñâîäèòü êîãî-òî ñ óìà.
Повторение
not (be) angry with them, but today it all (make) me wonder
what I (do) here. And also what they (do) here. “Witold, why you
(cry)? What (be) wrong with you?” Yumi (explain), “He (miss)
his family.” I look at them all seriously. “I (be) your teacher and
you (be) my students. You should respect me. That (mean) no
talks in class. It (mean) you come here to study English, but not
to waste your time. You (understand) me?”
17.6. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. His teeth ...................... Colgate white
a. is
b. are
ñ. looks
2. The police ...................... now hunting the driver of the car.
a. are
b. is
ñ. was
3. It was ...................... joyful news.
a. —
b. the
ñ. à
4. You never have lunch at home, ...................... you?
a. don’t
b. do
ñ. have
5. ...................... is little information in this file.
a. there
b. it
ñ. this
6. Let’s talk about it, ...................... we?
a. will
b. do
ñ. shall
7. They are such ...................... nice people.
a. a
b. —
ñ. the
8. What ...................... nasty weather!
a. —
b. the
ñ. à
9. Where ...................... your clothes usually made?
a. is
b. was
c. are
10. This money isn’t ...................... .
a. mine
b. my
ñ. her
11. What’s ...................... score?
a. a
b. —
ñ. the
12. I am late, ...................... I?
a. am
b. aren’t
ñ. don’t
13. Who ...................... that man? — We do.
a. knows
b. know
ñ. is knowing
14. The child is hungry. It ...................... loudly.
a. cries
b. cry
ñ. is crying
95
UNIT 17
15. There wasn’t ...................... on the street.
a. anybody
b. some people ñ. nobody
16. No news ...................... good news.
a. is
b. are
ñ. were
17. Your advice ...................... me a lot, thank you.
a. help
b. helps
ñ. are helping
17.7. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
My mum is a dinner lady at a local school. It’s not the Princess
Diana Comprehensive School where I (teach) now. Her school
is very tough. “The girls are as bad as the boys these days,”
my mum often (complain). “Worse.” But she (refuse) to give
up what she (call) “my little job” even when my father began
to get serious money for his book. My mum (love) her school.
She really (do). She (like) to have a laugh with the women she
(work) with in the kitchen. She (like) getting out of the house
and driving to the school. But what my mum (like) best about
her job are the children. I say children, although of course
many of them are big bad boys and girls. That’s how I (see)
them. My mum (think) that there’s no such thing as a bad child.
“My kids,” she (call) the children whom she (feed), even though
she has seen the worst of them. She not (let) her kids shout
when they (queue) for their burgers and chips. She not (allow)
bad language in the school canteen. She not even (let) them
(fight) with each other. People say that once my mother even
put down her laddle with which she gave them porridge, went
to the playground and stopped a fight. I (tell) her over and over
again that she may get seriously hurt. She not (listen) to me.
Tough, and very stubborn my mum is!
17.8. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Êàêîé ñþðïðèç! Êàêàÿ ïðèÿòíàÿ íîâîñòü! — Äà, íîâîñòü
÷óäåñíàÿ. 2. Ïîëèöèÿ çäåñü. Ïîëèöåéñêèå îñìàòðèâàþò äîì.
3.  ýòîé êíèãå ìíîãî ïîëåçíûõ ñîâåòîâ. Îíè ìîãóò ïîìî÷ü
âàì. 4. Ýòî òàêàÿ òðóäíàÿ ðàáîòà! Íèêòî íå çíàåò, êàê å¸ âûïîëíèòü. 5. Ó ñòàðîãî Ìàêäîíàëäà åñòü ìàëåíüêàÿ ôåðìà. Íà
íåé îí äåðæèò äåñÿòü îâåö, âîñåìü ãóñåé, êîðîâó, êîçó è äâóõ
96
Повторение
ñâèíåé. 6. Ðûáêè ãîëîäíûå. Äàâàé ïîêîðìèì èõ. 7. Êàêàÿ ñîëíå÷íàÿ ñåãîäíÿ ïîãîäà! Óæå âåñíà. 8. — Ó òåáÿ åñòü ñ ñîáîé äåíüãè? — Íåò, ÿ ïîëîæèë èõ â áàíê. 9.  ìî¸ì àêâàðèóìå1 âñåãî ÷åòûðå ðûáêè. ß ñîáèðàþñü êóïèòü åù¸ òðè ðûáêè.
10. — Ôðóêòû î÷åíü ïîëåçíû.  íèõ ìíîãî âèòàìèíîâ. — Äà,
íî îíè î÷åíü äîðîãèå. 11. — Êàêèå ïîñëåäíèå íîâîñòè? — Ñåãîäíÿ âîñêðåñåíüå, òàê ÷òî íîâîñòåé íåò. — Íó ÷òî æå, îòñóòñòâèå íîâîñòåé ýòî óæå õîðîøàÿ íîâîñòü. 12. — Ãäå òâîÿ
îäåæäà? — Îíà â øêàôó. 13. Ñâåäåíèÿ î÷åíü âàæíûå. Ìû
êàê ðàç ïðîñìàòðèâàåì èõ ñåé÷àñ. 14. Ìîÿ êîøêà î÷åíü ëþáèò ðûáó. Êàæäûé äåíü îíà ñúåäàåò ïî òðè ðûáêè, íî î÷åíü
ìàëåíüêèå. 15. Ýòè íîâîñòè ìåíÿ íå èíòåðåñóþò. ß óæå çíàþ
èõ. 16. — Ãäå äåíüãè? Íèãäå íå ìîãó íàéòè èõ. — ß èõ ïîòðàòèë, íî ÿ èõ òåáå ñêîðî âåðíó. 17. Ýòî áîëüøîå îçåðî. Â
í¸ì ìíîãî ðûáû. 18. Íà íàøèõ ðûíêàõ ñåé÷àñ ìíîãî ðàçíîé
ðûáû. 19. — Ïî÷åìó òâîè âîëîñû ìîêðûå? — Îíè íå ìîêðûå.
Îíè áëåñòÿò, ïîòîìó ÷òî ìîé øàìïóíü î÷åíü õîðîøèé. 20. Èçâèíè, íî ó òåáÿ âîëîñ íà ïèäæàêå. Ïîçâîëü ìíå ñìàõíóòü åãî
(to brush off).
17.9. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
It’s six o’clock in the morning. Everybody still (sleep). Alice
(yawn) as she (go) down the stairs. The two dogs (jump) all over
her and (run) to the front door, wagging their tails furiously.
She (pull) her coat over her pyjamas, (slip) her feet into her
boots and (put) on her hat. She then (clip) the leads on the dogs
and (go) outside. It (be) a beautiful morning. The frost (glitter)
on the grass. Alice (push) open the gate and (lead) the dogs into
the field. She (bend) down and (unclip) their leads. They (race)
round in circles. Their tongues (hang) out of their mouths with
joy. She (love) being in the open air. She (cross) her arms to
keep the cold, and (follow) the dogs. Twenty minutes later she
(be) about to die of the cold weather. She (call) the dogs, (clip)
the leads back on and (lead) them back into the house. She
(want) to warm up and have some hot coffee.
1
a fish-tank — àêâàðèóì.
97
UNIT 17
17.10. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïî÷åìó òû íå ñëóøàåøü ìåíÿ? Î ÷¸ì òû äóìàåøü? 2. — ×òî
òû äóìàåøü î í¸ì? — Îí âñåì íðàâèòñÿ, õîòÿ ìû íå î÷åíüòî õîðîøî çíàåì åãî. 3. — ×òî òû ñåé÷àñ ÷èòàåøü? — Íè÷åãî íå ÷èòàþ, ãîòîâëþñü ê êîíòðîëüíûì ðàáîòàì. Âïåðåäè
ñåññèÿ. 4. — Î ÷¸ì âû ãîâîðèòå? — Ìû îáñóæäàåì ïîñëåäíèå
íîâîñòè. — È êàêîâû æå ïîñëåäíèå íîâîñòè? — Îíè ïðîñòî
ôàíòàñòè÷íû. Çàâòðà ìû ëåòèì â Ëîíäîí è äà¸ì òàì òðè êîíöåðòà. 5. Ýòî î÷åíü õîðîøàÿ êóêëà. Îíà õîäèò, ïëà÷åò, ñìå¸òñÿ, îòêðûâàåò è çàêðûâàåò ãëàçà. Êàê ðàç ñåé÷àñ îíà ãîâîðèò
«Ìà-ìà». 6. ×àéíèê êèïèò, òîñò ãîðèò, äåòè ïëà÷óò, à òû âñ¸
åù¸ ñïèøü! 7. — Òû âñ¸ åù¸ ñåðäèøüñÿ íà ìåíÿ? — Íåò, íå
ñåðæóñü. ß ïûòàþñü íàó÷èòü òåáÿ õîðîøèì ìàíåðàì. 8. — ×òî
ýòî òû ãîòîâèøü? Òû ðûáó æàðèøü? — Òàê, ìîé ðóêè è ñàäèñü çà ñòîë. Ïîðà óæèíàòü. 9. Òàíÿ íå èä¸ò ñåãîäíÿ ñ íàìè â
êèíî. Îíà ñèäèò ñ ðåá¸íêîì (to babysit). Îíà çàðàáàòûâàåò íåìíîãî äåíåã òàêèì îáðàçîì. Ñîñåäè ÷àñòî ïðîñÿò å¸ ïîñèäåòü ñ
èõ äåòüìè. 10. Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ïîñòîÿííî ìåíÿåòñÿ. Ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ íîâûå ñëîâà, ñòàðûå ñëîâà óõîäÿò èç ÿçûêà.
17.11. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
At 5.30 in the morning the radio screams and Monica (open)
her eyes and (throw) the covers off. She (put) on a T-shirt,
trackpants and sneakers, (pick) up her gym bag and (hurry)
to her club. Her daily routine seldom (change). She (go) to her
locker, (hang) her clothes, and (do) her stretches. She (know)
some people in the club, but she not (like) to chat with them.
She (take) her exercise very seriously. She (have) breakfast on
the way to work. It (be) always the same thing every day: a
cup of coffee and a dry roll. She not (have) time to sit and enjoy
it. She (try) to visit her gym five times a week and when she
(be) home early and (have) nothing to do, she (go) to the gym
a second time in the evening. And of course there is work. The
more she (work), the better she (feel), the less she (think) about
her personal life.
Unit
U
n it 1
nit
18
8
Ïðîñòîå ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ
Past Simple
Утвердительная
форма
Ед. ч.
I
He
She
It
Мн. ч.
We
You
They
Примеры
употребления
was
were
He was right.
You were on
time.
Утвердительная
форма
We
They
He
She
It
enjoyed
had
did
went
rained
Вопросительная
форма
Was
I ...?
he ...?
she ...?
it ...?
I
He
She
It
was not
(wasn’t)
Were
we ...?
you ...?
they ...?
We
You
They
were not
(weren’t)
Was he right?
Were you on
time?
He was not (wasn’t)
right.
You were not
(weren’t) on time.
Вопросительная
форма
Did
you
they
he
she
it
Отрицательная
форма
enjoy?
have?
do?
go?
rain?
Отрицательная
форма
We
They
He
She
It
did not
(didn’t)
enjoy
have
do
go
rain
99
UNIT 18
Случаи употребления
1. Действия, события, факты
в прошлом, не связанные
с настоящим моментом.
He left yesterday.
We met last year.
I saw the film long ago.
It snowed last night.
2. Последовательность действий
при описании событий в прошлом;
обычные, повторяющиеся действия
в прошлом.
I came home, opened the door and
switched on the TV-set.
He called us every week.
3. Действие, которое длилось
некоторое время и было закончено
в прошлом. Важен факт, но не
процесс.
Yesterday I walked in the park for two
hours.
He studied hard for six years to become
a doctor.
How long did you live in London?
Сравните:
I was walking in the park at two o’clock
yesterday.
He was studying from six till ten
(all day long) yesterday.
Обстоятельства времени:
ago, last week (month, year), the other day (на днях), yesterday, the day before
yesterday, in those times.
used to/would употребляются для выражения регулярных действий и состояний в прошлом, которые больше не существуют.
Сравните в русском языке «бывало, имел обыкновение что-то делать».
We used to walk to school, but now we go by metro.
(Did you use to...?)
When I was little, my mother would tell me a bedtime story.
(Would your mother tell...?)
100
Простое прошедшее время
18.1. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. I was born in April. 2. We were at the theatre on Sunday.
3. He was a Hollywood star. 4. I was late for the bus. 5. You
were angry at my words. 6. She was a great actress. 7. I was
happy. 8. He was very busy last week. 9. I was very poor at that
time. 10. They were good students. 11. I was on duty on that
day. 12. We were on holiday in August. 13. I was eager to make
a career. 14. She was in great shock. 15. I was in love with that
girl. 16. He used to be my best friend at school. 17. This building
used to be a factory.
18.2. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. Miss Honey taught me to read and to write. 2. We went to
a karaoke club on Saturday. 3. We sang a lot of songs. 4. They
had great fun at the party. 5. He did his work very well. 6. She
heard some noise behind the door. 7. I read this book in my
childhood. 8. It started raining in the morning. 9. We had dinner
at Maxim’s. 10. It snowed a lot last winter. 11. The children
ran to the river. 12. Martin wrote a program for the computer.
13. Susan said goodbye and left the room. 14. That dictionary
cost me a fortune. 15. I saw it with my own eyes. 16. My
mother used to end her story on a happy note. 17. He used to
work very long hours. 18. The old man would come to us every
Sunday and we would talk and talk and talk. 19. When I was
a kid, I used to love table tennis. 20. She used to love going to
parties.
18.3. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.
1. The incident happened the other day. 2. They were at the
disco last night. 3. Columbus discovered America in 1492. 4. He
sent us a fax two hours ago. 5. Yesterday I prepared for the test
for three hours. 6. She made a lot of mistakes in the dictation.
7. Last week she flew to Japan. 8. My Granny told me a lot of
interesting stories from her life. 9. Mike bought a new com101
UNIT 18
puter. 10. He did his job professionally. 11. They came five days
ago. 12. It took us a lot of time to find them. 13. I was born in
Moscow. 14. She said that she was sorry. 15. The weather was
windy last week.
18.4.
Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках и перескажите
шутку.
NO MONEY
A man came into the bar, (sit) down, (call) the barman and
(say) to him, “Give me a drink before the trouble (start).” The
barman (be) busy with other people, so he not (say) anything,
but (give) the man a whisky, and the man (drink) it quickly.
Then he (put) his glass down, and (cry) to the barman again,
“Give me another one before you (have) problems.” The barman
(have) no time to say anything, so he (bring) the man his drink
and (go) away. The man (smile) happily, and some time later
he (tell) the barman that he (want) another drink. This time
the owner of the bar (think) that it was too much and (ask) the
man, “What trouble you (talk) about?” The man (reply) that the
trouble was that he not (have) any money.
18.5.
Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках и перескажите
шутку.
A SMALL FISH
It was evening. A man (cross) a narrow bridge when he (see) a
fisherman on the bank of the deep river under him, so he (stop)
and (watch) him quietly. After a few minutes, the fisherman
(pull) his line out. There (be) a big, fat fish at the end of it.
The fisherman (take) it off the hook and (throw) it back into
the water. Then he (put) his hook and line into the water again.
After a few more minutes he (catch) another big fish. Again he
(let) it (go) into the river. Then the third time he (manage) to
catch another fish. It was very small. He (take) it and (begin)
to collect his things to go home. The man on the bridge (can)
102
Простое прошедшее время
not (hide) his surprise, so he (speak) to the fisherman. He (say)
“Why you (throw) those beautiful big fish back into the water,
and keep only that small one?”
The fisherman (look) up and (reply), “I (have) a small fryingpan.”
18.6. Дополните следующие предложения.
1. She was invited to the party, ...................... ? 2. Your daughter
went to this school, ...................... ? 3. You didn’t forget to call your
mother, ...................... ? 4. Mr. Grant sent us an e-mail, ...................... ?
5. You didn’t pass the interview, ...................... ? 6. They lost the
match, ...................... ? 7. He didn’t do it, ...................... ? 8. They weren’t
happy, ...................... ? 9. She had to do it, ...................... ? 10. She didn’t
tell you about it, ...................... ? 11. Your boss didn’t like your project, ...................... ? 12. The lecture began half an hour ago, ...................... ?
13. They weren’t friends, ...................... ? 14. He was a good teacher,
...................... ? 15. That wasn’t your fault, ...................... ? 16. He used to
smoke a lot, ...................... ? 17. It used to be a club, .............................. ?
18.7.
Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках и перескажите
шутку.
LAZY TIM
It was summer. Two friends (camp) together on the bank of a
river. Their names (be) Jim and Tim. Tim (be) a very lazy boy.
On the first evening of their holiday, Jim (say) to Tim, “Here
(be) some money. Go and buy some meat.” “I (be) too tired,”
(answer) Tim. “You go.” So Jim (go) and (buy) the meat.
When he (come) back, he (tell) Tim that he (must) (cook) it. But
Tim (explain), “No, I (be) not good at cooking. You must (do)
it.” So Jim (fry) the meat. Then Jim (cut) the bread as Tom
not (want) to do it. After that he (offer) his friend (bring) some
water. This time Tim (reply), “My clothes (be) clean, I not (be
going) to do it.” So Jim (bring) the water. At last the meat (be)
ready and Jim (invite) Tim to eat it. “Well, I can (do) that,”
(agree) Tim. “I not (like) to say “no” all the time.”
103
UNIT 18
18.8. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
A VISIT TO ST. PETERSBURG
Last weekend we (travel) to St. Petersburg. We (get) on a fast
train at 3 o’clock. On the train my friend and I (talk) a little, (read) some magazines and then (sleep) for about an hour.
The train (stop) only twice. It (take) us five hours to get to the
North capital. At about nine o’clock we (come) to our hotel. The
next day we (go) on a bus excursion about the city. Fortunately,
the weather (be) fine. We (start) from the Nevsky Prospect and
(drive) along it to the Neva. Our guide (know) a lot of interesting facts, stories and jokes which she (tell) us with great pleasure. The driver (stop) the bus from time to time, and we (go)
out to admire the wonderful churches, palaces, museums and
the famous bridges.
We (learn) a lot of interesting things about the city and its people. The bus (bring) us back to the Nevsky Prospect at about
four o’clock in the afternoon. It (be) time for dinner. We (be)
hungry and thirsty. We (enter) one of the many cafes, (find)
a table and (sit) down. We (choose) from the menu what we
(want). The dinner not (cost) us much. It was in fact twice as
cheap as in Moscow. There (be) a lot of people around us. They
(talk), (laugh), (drink) coffee. They (speak) different languages:
English, Italian, German, Finnish. After dinner we (do) some
shopping. We (buy) a few souvenirs and (go) to the hotel. We
(be) tired but very happy.
18.9. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Ãäå è êîãäà âû ðîäèëèñü? — ß ðîäèëñÿ äâàäöàòü ëåò
íàçàä â Ìîñêâå. 2. — Ãäå è êîãäà ýòî ñëó÷èëîñü? — Ýòî ïðîèçîøëî ãîä íàçàä â Àëüïàõ. 3. — Ó íåãî íîâàÿ ìàøèíà. Êîãäà îí å¸ êóïèë è ñêîëüêî îíà ñòîèò? — ß íå ñïðàøèâàë åãî
îá ýòîì. 4. Ìû ïëûëè âíèç ïî Âîëãå. Áûëà ÷óäåñíàÿ ïîãîäà.
5. — Êîãäà òû áûëà â òåàòðå â ïîñëåäíèé ðàç? — ß áûëà òàì
ìåñÿö íàçàä. 6. — ×òî ïðîèçîøëî â÷åðà? Ïî÷åìó âû íå ïðèøëè? — Èçâèíèòå, ìû áûëè î÷åíü çàíÿòû. Ìû âàì çâîíèëè, íî
ëèíèÿ áûëà çàíÿòà. 7. — Ãäå òû áûë â÷åðà âå÷åðîì? ß çâîíèë
104
Простое прошедшее время
òåáå. — ß ãóëÿë ñ ñîáàêîé. 8. Ìîé êîìïüþòåð áûë íå â ïîðÿäêå, è ÿ íå ñìîã íàáðàòü òåêñò. 9. Ïîåçä ïðèáûë âîâðåìÿ, è
ìû íå îïîçäàëè íà êîíöåðò. 10. — ×òî çàñòàâèëî òåáÿ ñêàçàòü
ýòî? — ß ïðîñòî íå ìîã ñêàçàòü íåïðàâäó. 11. Îí ïðîæèë â
Ìîñêâå äåñÿòü ëåò, à çàòåì ïåðååõàë çà ãîðîä. 12. Ìîÿ ñåñòðà
äåñÿòü ëåò ó÷èëàñü â øêîëå, çàòåì ïÿòü ëåò â óíèâåðñèòåòå.
Ñåé÷àñ îíà ðàáîòàåò þðèñòîì. 13. — Ñêîëüêî âðåìåíè òåáå ïîòðåáîâàëîñü, ÷òîáû íàéòè ýòè ñâåäåíèÿ? — Ìíå ïîíàäîáèëîñü
íåñêîëüêî ÷àñîâ. 14. — Ñêîëüêî ðàç îíà ïûòàëàñü ïîñòóïèòü
â òåàòðàëüíûé èíñòèòóò? — Òðè ðàçà, ñåé÷àñ îíà èçâåñòíàÿ
àêòðèñà. 15. — ×òî òåáå ïîìîãëî âûáðàòüñÿ èç ýòîé ñèòóàöèè? — Ìíå ïðîñòî ïîâåçëî. 16. — ×òî òû ñäåëàëà, ÷òîáû ïîìî÷ü èì? — ß ñäåëàëà âñ¸, ÷òî ìîãëà. 17. — Êòî ñêàçàë ýòî? —
ß ñêàçàë. 18. Ïðîñòèòå, ÷òî âû ñêàçàëè? ß âàñ íå ðàññëûøàë.
18.10. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Êòî áûëè ýòè ëþäè? ×òî îíè õîòåëè? — Îíè õîòåëè
óâèäåòü òåáÿ, íî òåáÿ íå áûëî. 2. — Êòî íàïèñàë ýòîò ðîìàí? — Ìíå æàëü, íî ÿ íå ïîìíþ. 3. Íà äíÿõ ÿ ïîïàë â äîðîæíîå ïðîèñøåñòâèå, íî âñ¸ îáîøëîñü, íèêòî íå ïîñòðàäàë.
4. Îí äîëãî ãîòîâèëñÿ ê èíòåðâüþ è ïðåêðàñíî ïðîø¸ë åãî. 5.
ß èìåëà îáûêíîâåíèå áåãàòü ïî óòðàì â ïàðêå, íî â ïðîøëîì
ãîäó áðîñèëà ýòî. 6. — Êàê òåáå óäàëîñü (manage) ïîëó÷èòü
òàêóþ õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó? Êòî ïðåäëîæèë å¸ òåáå? — Èì ïîíðàâèëèñü ìîè ðåêîìåíäàöèè. 7. ß, áûâàëî, ðàññêàçûâàëà åé
âñå ñâîè ñåêðåòû, à îíà òàê ìåíÿ ïîäâåëà (let somebody down).
8. — Êòî ïîñîâåòîâàë òåáå ýòó íÿíþ? Ãäå òû å¸ íàøëà? —
Ìîè ðîäñòâåííèêè ïîðåêîìåíäîâàëè å¸ ìíå, è îíè áûëè ïðàâû, ïîòîìó ÷òî îíà èìåííî (exactly) òî, ÷òî ìíå íóæíî. 9. ×òî
ïðîèçîøëî ñ ïðèíòåðîì â÷åðà? ß íå ìîã ñäåëàòü êîïèè. 10. —
 êàêîé ðåñòîðàí âû õîäèëè íà äíÿõ? — Ýòî áûë êèòàéñêèé
ðåñòîðàí â öåíòðå ãîðîäà. — Òåáå ïîíðàâèëîñü? — Íå î÷åíü.
11. — Êàêîé îí áûë â äåòñòâå? — Î÷åíü àêòèâíûé ìàëü÷èê, è
âñåãäà çàäàâàë ìàññó âîïðîñîâ. Ìû íå âñåãäà ìîãëè îòâåòèòü
íà íèõ. 12. — Ó òåáÿ áûëà ïðèâû÷êà íîñèòü âåùè ñòàðøåé ñåñòðû? — Äà, èíîãäà îíà ìíå ðàçðåøàëà äåëàòü ýòî, íî èíîãäà
ÿ å¸ ïðîñòî íå ñïðàøèâàëà îá ýòîì.
Unit
U
nit
n it
it 1
19
9
Ïðîøåäøåå ïðîäîëæåííîå
âðåìÿ
Past Progressive
(Continuous)
Утвердительная
форма
I
He
She
It
We
You
They
was
Was
reading
were
reading Were
I was reading
a new magazine.
He was working
in a bank.
They were talking
about sport.
106
Вопросительная
форма
Отрицательная
форма
I
he
she
it
I
reading? He
She
It
you
we
they
We
reading? You
They
Were you reading a new
magazine?
Was he working in a
bank?
Were they talking about
sport?
was not
(wasn’t)
reading
were not
(weren’t)
reading
I wasn’t reading a new
magazine.
He wasn’t working in a bank.
They weren’t talking
about sport.
Прошедшее продолженное время
Случаи употребления
1. Действие, происходившее
в определённый момент
в прошлом.
You were still sleeping when I left.
She was having tea at five o’clock
yesterday.
2. Действие, происходившее
в определённый период
времени в прошлом.
This time last year I was resting
in the South.
She said she was writing a new
novel.
3. Эмоционально окрашенные
действия (обычно негативного
характера).
He was constantly talking about football!
They were always telling me about their
problems!
The boys were fighting all the time!
4. Два одновременных
действия в прошлом.
While I was cooking supper, Kate
was having a shower.
My father never talked while he
was driving.
Обстоятельства времени:
at the moment, at 5 o’clock, at the particular time, while..., still, constantly,
all the time.
Past Simple употребляется для выражения действий, происходивших в прошлом в течение какого-то периода времени. Past Progressive выражает
действия, происходившие в определённый момент (или период времени)
в прошлом.
I studied German for three years.
I was studying German at that period.
She lived in Paris for a long time.
She was living in Paris when they met.
107
UNIT 19
19.1. А. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. His mobile rang when he (drive) to the office. 2. It was the
31st of December. Everybody (prepare) for the New Year.
3. I met Nelly last weekend while I (shop) at Ikea. 4. When
she entered the flat, her children (watch) 101 Dalmatians on
video. 5. When we went out, it (snow) heavily. 6. At this time
yesterday I (celebrate) my birthday. 7. It was already noon but
the children still (sleep). 8. It was a fine spring day. The sun
(shine), a light wind (blow), happy people (walk) in the streets.
9. We had a very pleasant evening at home. The clock (tick),
the fire (burn), we (talk) and (have) tea. 10. They (rest) in Miami when a storm started. 11. When I entered, the doctor (key)
the name of the next patient into his computer. 12. At seven
o’clock she (wait) for him where they usually met. 13. Now he
(look) forward to seeing Sharon again. 14. I (read) the magazine while you (sleep). 15. At that period of time he (work) for
a big international company. 16. On the way to the bathroom I
noticed that the answerphone light (flash): Denis. He (wait) for
me at the club. 17. I looked at the guests. Everyone (shout) and
no one (listen).
В. Расскажите, как вы и ваша семья (друзья) провели последние выходные.
19.2. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
THE NEW YEAR IN LONDON
On the 31st of December at 11.30 p.m. Bianca and I went to
Trafalgar Square to see the New Year in. There (be) crowds
of people around us. Merry Santa Clauses (give) small presents
to everybody. When Big Ben (strike) twelve, I (find) that I
(kiss) some people and some strangers (kiss) me. I (try) to get
to Bianca, but she (stand) in a group of foreigners and I (can)
not (get) to her at once. But finally, at 12.03 a.m. on the first
of January, we (meet) and (kiss). In the morning we (go) to
Tower Bridge. I not (like) it very much, but Bianca (think) that
the design (be) wonderful and I practically (have to) drag her
108
Прошедшее продолженное время
away. In the evening we (take) our umbrellas as a fine rain
(fall) and (leave) the house. We (be going) for a walk in Soho.
Soho is a district in London that never (sleep). The restaurants
(be full). Happy people (eat), (drink), (laugh). They (celebrate)
the New Year. We (choose) a Japanese restaurant famous for
its food. The owner (stand) near the entrance. He (smile) nonstop to his regular customers. We (sit) at a table ready to have
a great time.
19.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Êîãäà ìû áûëè ñòóäåíòàìè, ìû âñåãäà ïîìîãàëè äðóã äðóãó.
2. Êîãäà ÿ çàãëÿíóë íà êóõíþ, ìîÿ ñåñòðà ïîìîãàëà ìàìå ãîòîâèòü îáåä. 3. Îí ñëóøàë ïîñëåäíèå íîâîñòè. Îíè áûëè èíòåðåñíûìè. 4. Ìû âûøëè èç ìåòðî. ظë ñèëüíûé äîæäü. 5. Áûë
ÿíâàðü. Â óíèâåðñèòåòå áûëî ìíîãî ñòóäåíòîâ. Îíè ñäàâàëè
ýêçàìåíû. 6. Ìû íå ìîãëè ïîíÿòü, ÷òî îíà ãîâîðèëà, òàê êàê
îíà ãîâîðèëà î÷åíü áûñòðî. 7. Îí âå÷íî ÷òî-òî æåâàë. Ýòî ìåíÿ
î÷åíü ðàçäðàæàëî. 8. — Òû õîäèë ê âðà÷ó? ×òî îí ñêàçàë? —
Êàê îáû÷íî, îí äàë ìíå ìíîãî ñîâåòîâ, è ìíå ïðèä¸òñÿ òåïåðü
èì ñëåäîâàòü. 9. Îíè ïðîæèëè â Ðèãå äâàäöàòü ëåò, à çàòåì
ïåðååõàëè â Ìîñêâó. 10.  âîñêðåñåíüå ìû äâà ÷àñà ãóëÿëè â
ïàðêå. Êîãäà ìû ãóëÿëè, ìû óâèäåëè íåñêîëüêèõ áåëîê. 11. —
Ñêîëüêî âðåìåíè òû ãîòîâèëñÿ ê êîíòðîëüíîé ðàáîòå â÷åðà? — ß çàíèìàëñÿ òðè ÷àñà. Òû ïîçâîíèë ìíå êàê ðàç òîãäà,
êîãäà ÿ ó÷èë ôîðìû ãëàãîëîâ. 12. — ß ïîäîæäàë òåáÿ è óø¸ë.
Ïî÷åìó òû íå ïðèåõàëà? — ß ñòîÿëà â àâòîìîáèëüíîé ïðîáêå. 13. Ìû âîøëè â êàðàîêå-êëóá. Âñå ïåëè è òàíöåâàëè. Ìû
ïðîáûëè òàì íåñêîëüêî ÷àñîâ. 14. Ôèëüì äëèëñÿ äâà ÷àñà. Âî
âðåìÿ ôèëüìà íåêîòîðûå ëþäè âõîäèëè è âûõîäèëè; êòî-òî åë
ïîïêîðí, êòî-òî ñïàë. 15. ß äåñÿòü ëåò ó÷èëñÿ â øêîëå, ïÿòü
ëåò ó÷èëñÿ â óíèâåðñèòåòå, à ñåé÷àñ ÿ ïîëó÷àþ âòîðîå âûñøåå îáðàçîâàíèå. Íàäåþñü, ÷òî ÿ ñóìåþ ýòî ñäåëàòü. 16. Ìû
ïîëó÷èëè ýòó ýñýìýñêó íà äíÿõ è ñðàçó æå îòïðàâèëè ôàêñ.
Ó Âàñ â ýòî âðåìÿ áûëè ïåðåãîâîðû. 17. Îí ïÿòü ëåò ó÷èëñÿ â
Ëîíäîíå è ïðåêðàñíî çíàåò ýòîò ãîðîä. 18. Ìîé áðàò è ÿ èìåëè
îáûêíîâåíèå ìíîãî äðàòüñÿ, íî çàòåì ìû âûðîñëè, è ñåé÷àñ
ìû áîëüøèå äðóçüÿ.
Unit
U
n iitt 2
nit
20
0
Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû
Can, May
Формы
Can
настоящее время
Значения
Could
прошедшее время
Could
сослагательное наклонение
Примеры
1) способность
(физическая, умственная),
навыки, умения
I can run fast.
She can drive well.
He could read when he was four.
These children can use computers well.
2) просьба, разрешение,
запрещение
— Can I use your telephone? — Of course you
can. (No, you can’t.)
— Could you help me? — Of course I can.
(I’m afraid I can’t.)
3) объективная
возможность
(или ее отсутствие)
We’ll be able to do it next month.
You can always have a quick snack at McDonald’s.
You can’t cross the street here.
4) сомнение,
Can it be true? (Неужели это правда?)
неуверенность, недоверие It can’t be true. (He может быть, что это
(сравн. в русском: неужели,
правда.)
не может быть)
5) упрёк (ты мог бы...)
110
You could be more polite. (Ты мог бы быть
повежливее.)
She could have called us. (Она могла бы
и позвонить нам, но не сделала этого.)
Модальные глаголы
1. Модальный глагол + инфинитив без to (за исключением be to, have to,
ought to).
Модальные глаголы не являются полнозначными глаголами и не могут употребляться в роли сказуемого в предложении. Модальные глаголы выражают
различные оттенки значений и являются в предложении частью составного
модального сказуемого.
2. To be able to употребляется в прошедшем, настоящем и будущем времени
в значении «быть в состоянии сделать что-либо».
Не is (was, will be) able to solve all his problems.
3. В прошедшем времени вместо глагола could часто употребляется глагол
manage (удалось...).
It was difficult but we managed to do it.
Формы
May
настоящее время
Значения
Might
прошедшее время
Might
сослагательное
наклонение
Примеры
1) объективная
возможность
One day all your dreams may come true.
We may go to China next year.
2) формальная
просьба, разрешение,
пожелание, запрещение
— May I leave early today? — Yes, you may.
— May I use your printer? — No, you may not
(mustn’t).
— May you be happy!
3) предположение
It may be true, but we are not sure. (Это может
быть и правда, но мы не уверены.)
4) упрёк, совет
(употребляется только
с might)
You might wait for me! There is a lot of time.
(Ты мог бы и подождать меня. Ещё много
времени.) Не might have warned us about it.
Now it’s too late. (Он мог бы и предупредить нас
об этом. Сейчас уже слишком поздно.)
111
UNIT 20
20.1. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What languages can you speak? 2. Can you read English books
in the original? 3. Can you do some housework, what exactly?
4. When will you be able to visit your relatives? 5. What dishes
can you cook? 6. Could you read and count when you were four
years old? 7. Can any of your friends ride a horse? 8. Can all
your friends use the Internet? 9. Can we cross the street when
the light is red? 10. Could you swim when you were a child?
11. Were you able to pass all your exams successfully? 12. Did
your parents manage to become your best friends? 13. Could
you play any musical instrument when you were younger?
14. Will you be able to give up smoking one day? 15. What can
you never do in this life? Now say what things you can do!
20.2. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. A lot of kids can work on computers now. 2. They can always
ask us for help. 3. She can sing professionally. 4. You can believe
me. 5. He can trust his partners. 6. She will be able to leave
the hospital soon. 7. We could always get tickets to the Bolshoi
Theatre when we were students. 8. My Granny is able to look
after herself. 9. I can give you a lift to the supermarket. 10. My
family will be able to move to the country in a few years. 11. My
parents can always give me good advice. 12. He was able to
explain everything to the police. 13. The detective will be able
to find the criminal. 14. He could play football very well when
he was a teenager. 15. She can be here at exactly eight o’clock.
16. The manager could pay the workers.
20.3. Выразите удивление и недоверие согласно образцу.
It·s ǶȒm Cruise. — Can it be ǶȒm Cruise?
— It can·t be Tom Cruise. He is in Hollywood now.
1. It’s very late. 2. This TV-set is so expensive! 3. This meeting
is very important. 4. She is a model. 5. He knows five languages.
6. Mr. Grant is our chief. 7. He is a bodyguard. 8. Tom is Bess’s
boyfriend. 9. This is my new car. 10. The Queen is in Scotland
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Модальные глаголы
now. 11. It’s our last lecture this term. 12. This is my present to you. 13. Hugh Grant is a filmstar. 14. It’s frosty outside.
15. There is an e-mail for you today. 16. He is a great liar.
20.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. He ìîãëè áû âû çàêðûòü äâåðü è îòêðûòü îêíî? Ñïàñèáî.
2. Îíà óìååò âîäèòü ìàøèíó è åé ýòî î÷åíü íðàâèòñÿ. 3. Ìû íå
ìîæåì èçìåíèòü ñèòóàöèþ, íî ìû ìîæåì ïîñòàðàòüñÿ íàéòè
èç íå¸ âûõîä. 4. Êòî ìîæåò îòâåòèòü íà ýòîò âîïðîñ? ß âèæó,
÷òî Ïåòðîâ ìîæåò. 5. — ß íå ìîãó îòêðûòü ýòîò ôàéë. ×òî-òî
íå â ïîðÿäêå ñ êîìïüþòåðîì. — Íåóæåëè ýòî òàê? Ýòîãî íå
ìîæåò áûòü! Ïîë÷àñà íàçàä îí áûë â ïîðÿäêå. 6. Íåëüçÿ êóïèòü çäîðîâüå è ñ÷àñòüå. 7. ß íå ïåðåíîøó òàêèå âåùè. 8. Íå
ìîãëè áû âû îáúÿñíèòü, ÷òî âû çäåñü äåëàåòå è ÷òî âàì íóæíî? 9. — Òû ñîáèðàåøüñÿ ïîìåíÿòü ìàøèíó? — Íåò, ÿ ñìîãó
ñäåëàòü ýòî ÷åðåç ãîä èëè äâà. 10. — Ìû íå ìîæåì ïîìåíÿòü
âàì ýòè äåíüãè. Îíè ôàëüøèâûå. — Íåóæåëè ýòî òàê? Äà ýòîãî ïðîñòî íå ìîæåò áûòü! ß ïîëó÷èë èõ â áàíêå. 11. Íåëüçÿ
òàê ðàçãîâàðèâàòü ñ ðîäèòåëÿìè. Òû ìîã áû áûòü âåæëèâåå!
12. Îíà àêòðèñà. Îíà óìååò ïåòü, òàíöåâàòü, èñïîëíÿòü ëþáûå
ðîëè. 13. Ìîé áðàò ðàíüøå õîðîøî èãðàë â øàõìàòû, à ñåé÷àñ
îí íå ìîæåò äàæå âñïîìíèòü õîäû (moves). 14. Îí îáåùàåò, ÷òî
ñóìååò íàéòè àëèáè. È òîãäà àäâîêàò ñóìååò îñâîáîäèòü åãî.
15. — Íå ìîãó ïîâåðèòü âî âñþ ýòó ÷åïóõó! À òû ìîæåøü? —
ß ìîã áû ïîâåðèòü â ýòî, íî ÿ íå íàñòîëüêî ãëóï. 16. Íå ìîã áû
òû âûêëþ÷èòü (turn off) ñâîé ìîáèëüíûé òåëåôîí? — Êîíå÷íî.
20.5. Измените следующие предложения, используя may или might согласно образцу.
Perhaps my wish will come true. — My wish may come true.
1. Perhaps it will rain today. 2. Maybe, she is at work now. 3. It’s
possible that I’ll invite them to my party. 4. Perhaps she’s unwell
this morning. 5. Maybe it’s true. 6. It looks like snow today. 7. It’s
possible I’ll play tennis on Sunday. 8. It’s probable that they will
get married. 9. Evidently she knows the truth. 10. Maybe she
doesn’t like me. 11. It’s possible that I’ll go to Italy in the sum113
UNIT 20
mer. 12. Perhaps you are right. 13. It’s possible he will not call
us. 14. It’s probable he’ll find a job for you. 15. Maybe the train
will be late. 16. It’s possible that he is still asleep.
20.6. Прочитайте и выучите новогоднее поздравление.
A HAPPY NEW YEAR TO YOU
May the New Year bring your way
Nice, unexpected things each day –
New joys, new dreams, new plans to make.
Worthwhile things to undertake...
And may it bring you piece of mind.
Success — the real and lasting kind.
The gift of health, the joy of friends
And happiness that never ends!
20.7. Заполните пропуски глаголами can или may в нужной форме.
1. You ...................... not stop time. 2. This job ...................... become very
difficult for you. 3. ...................... you bring me a glass of water?
4. Who ...................... tell me what the matter is? 5. The radio said
it ...................... snow today. 6. Don’t throw away these notes. We
...................... need them later. 7. I ...................... not believe it! 8. This
team ...................... win the match but I’m not sure. 9. He ......................
do it when he comes. But he ...................... not arrive on time. 10. We
...................... go to the restaurant when the babysitter comes.
But she ...................... not come on time. 11. You ...................... read
this letter, it’s not personal. 12. What ...................... I do for you?
13. You ...................... trust us, and who knows, you ...................... need
us one day. 14. You ...................... never say what ...................... happen
next. 15. A fool ...................... ask more questions than a wise man
...................... answer.
20.8. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Ìîæíî ìíå âîéòè? — Êîíå÷íî, ìîæíî. 2. Âîçüìè çîíòèê.
Ìîæåò ïîéòè äîæäü. 3. Îíà ìîæåò óçíàòü ïðàâäó, à ÿ ýòîãî íå
114
Модальные глаголы
õî÷ó. 4. Çäåñü íåëüçÿ êóðèòü! 5. Ïîçâîíèòå åìó. Îí, âîçìîæíî,
âñòðåòèòñÿ ñ âàìè. 6. Ìîæíî íàì èäòè äîìîé? 7. Ïîçâîíèòå
Áîðèñó. Îí ìîã áû ïîìî÷ü. 8. Îíà, âîçìîæíî, íå ïðèåäåò âîâðåìÿ. 9. Íå äåëàé ýòîãî! Ýòî ìîæåò áûòü îïàñíî. 10. — Ìîæíî
çäåñü êóðèòü? — Íåò, íåëüçÿ. 11. — ×òî òû äåëàåøü ñåãîäíÿ
âå÷åðîì? — Íå çíàþ, ìîæåò, ïîéäó â êèíî. 12. — Ìîæíî ìíå
ïîãîâîðèòü ñ äèðåêòîðîì? — Áîþñü, ÷òî íåò. Îí î÷åíü çàíÿò.
13. Äà ñîïóòñòâóåò âàì óñïåõ! 14. Ïóñòü Íîâûé ãîä ïðèíåñ¸ò
âàì ìíîãî ñ÷àñòüÿ! 15. Ïîéìàé ìåíÿ, åñëè ñìîæåøü!
20.9. Заполните пропуски глаголами can, may, be able to в нужной форме.
1. ...................... you tell me the time, please? 2. I’m sorry, there’s
nothing I ...................... do about it. 3. I’m sure he ...................... do it
in future. 4. You ...................... get back to your childhood. 5. Next
summer we ...................... visit you. 6. When I was young, I ......................
run very fast. 7. Meeting new people ...................... be very exciting.
8. That ...................... be true! It’s absolutely impossible. 9. I am not
sure, but you ...................... be right. 10. It was so noisy that we
...................... hear anything. 11. He said it ...................... be wise to call
the police. 12. The patient is recovering. Soon he ...................... go
home. 13. ...................... you smell the gas? 14. It ...................... rain soon,
but who knows? If it rains, we ...................... do some housework.
15. He knew he ...................... always turn to his father for help.
16. The child was sure that nobody ...................... help him. 17. The
weatherman said it ...................... snow by the end of the week.
18. ...................... I trouble you for a minute? 19. He hoped that
he ...................... run away from prison. 20 Nobody ...................... tell
me what to do. I ...................... seem silly, but I am not! 21. This
machine ...................... perform two million calculations per second.
22. ...................... we go home now? – No, you ...................... . 23. ......................
this be true? 24. — you have a very happy life! 25. He ......................
be fat, but he ...................... still run fast. 26. — Why hasn’t he
come? — He ...................... have missed the train.
Unit
U
n iitt 2
nit
21
1
Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû
Must, Be to
Формы
must
Present Simple
We must send the fax
now.
Must we do it now?
Значения
had to
Past Simple
We had to send the fax yesterday.
We had to do it then.
Примеры
1) необходимость,
обязанность, долг
I must come to the office at 10 o’clock.
Must Ben stay at home today? — Yes, he must.
2) запрещение
(в отрицательных
предложениях)
You mustn’t talk that way. (Нельзя так
разговаривать.)
You mustn’t speak Russian in class.
(Вы не должны говорить по-русски на занятии.)
Must we work on Saturday? — No, you needn’t.
(Должны мы работать в субботу? — Нет, не надо.)
3) уверенное
предположение
It must be true. (Это, должно быть, правда.)
It must be a mistake. (Это, должно быть, ошибка.)
116
Модальные глаголы
Формы
am/is/are to
Present Simple
was/were to
Past Simple
shall/ will have to
Future Simple
I am to meet the
delegation.
He is to make a report.
I was to meet the
delegation.
He was to make a report.
They are to arrive
tomorrow.
They were to arrive
yesterday.
I’ll have to meet the
delegation.
He will have to make a
report.
They will have to arrive
next week.
Значения
Примеры
1) долг,
обязанность
(по
предварительной
договорённости)
The driver is to meet us at 5 o’clock. (Водитель должен
(обязан) встретить нас в 5 часов.)
The director was to sign the contract. (Директор должен
был подписать контракт.)
The director was to have signed the contract. (Директор
должен был подписать контракт *.)
2) приказ,
запрещение,
вопрос о том,
что делать
дальше
You are to report to the teacher. (Вы должны отчитаться
перед учителем.)
You are not to come here! (Вы не должны сюда
приходить.)
What am I to do? Am I to leave? (Что я должен делать?
Мне уйти?)
3) нечто
неизбежное,
предрешённое
судьбой
It was to happen. (Этому суждено было случиться.)
They were to part soon. (Им суждено было скоро
расстаться.)
* Перфектный инфинитив показывает, что действие было запланировано, но
не было выполнено.
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UNIT 21
Не was to do it.
(Он должен был сделать это по договорённости, и неизвестно, сделал он это
или нет.)
Не was to have done it.
(Он должен был сделать это по договорённости, но определённо не сделал
этого.)
21.1.
Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения.
1. Your family and your children must always come first. 2. You
must learn to forgive people. 3. Now I must call and thank
them for their Christmas cards. 4. You mustn’t worry about us.
5. It mustn’t be forgotten that we all make mistakes. 6. Schools
must teach children what is right and what is wrong. 7. You
must come and see our new kitchen. 8. He must be Patrick,
our new manager. 9. — Must I work on Saturday? — No, you
needn’t. 10. She must be very, very tired. 11. Come here at five
o’clock. It’s a must! 12. I must always keep my back straight,
my head high. 13. — What am I to do? Must I start working
right now? — No, you needn’t. 14. We were to meet at the cafe.
15. He was to have spoken at the meeting, but he suddenly
fell ill. 16. She was to become his wife. 17. — Who is to do the
shopping today? — I am. 18. You are to report to the Dean. It’s
a must. 19. You must never give up your home — it’s all that
we have.
21.2.
А. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ß äîëæåí ìíîãî ðàáîòàòü. Ó ìåíÿ ñåìüÿ. 2. Ìû äîëæíû
ñîáëþäàòü ïðàâèëà. 3. — Äîëæíû ëè ìû îòïðàâèòü ôàêñ ñåãîäíÿ? — Íåò, íåîáÿçàòåëüíî. 4. Îíè äîãîâîðèëèñü âñòðåòèòüñÿ ïåðåä ñîáðàíèåì. 5. Ýòî, äîëæíî áûòü, î÷åíü âàæíûé âîïðîñ. 6. ×òî ìíå äåëàòü? ×òî ÿ äîëæíà ñêàçàòü èì? 7. Ýòîìó
ñóæäåíî áûëî ñëó÷èòüñÿ. 8. Òû äîëæåí ïîíÿòü, ÷òî ýòî î÷åíü
îïàñíî. 9. Îí, äîëæíî áûòü, î÷åíü ñèëüíûé. Îí æå òåëîõðàíèòåëü. 10. Ìû ïàðòí¸ðû, è ìû äîëæíû ïîìîãàòü è äîâåðÿòü
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Модальные глаголы
äðóã äðóãó. 11. Òû âûãëÿäèøü áîëüíûì. Òû ïðîñòî äîëæåí
ïîéòè ê âðà÷ó. 12. — Ìû äîëæíû ñåé÷àñ îïëàòèòü áèëåòû? —
Íåò, íåîáÿçàòåëüíî. Ìîæíî ñäåëàòü ýòî çàâòðà. 13. Âû ïðîñòî äîëæíû óâèäåòü Èòàëèþ! 14. Òû íèêîìó íå äîëæåí ãîâîðèòü îá ýòîì. 15. Îí î÷åíü áîãàò. Îí, äîëæíî áûòü, áèçíåñìåí.
16. Ó íàñ ìàëî âðåìåíè. Íàì íóæíî ïîòîðîïèòüñÿ. 17. Òû íå
äîëæåí òðàòèòü òàê ìíîãî äåíåã! 18. — Äîëæåí ëè ÿ ñëåäîâàòü âàøèì óêàçàíèÿì, èíñïåêòîð? — Äà, äîëæíû. 19. Âû,
äîëæíî áûòü, çàáûëè î ñâî¸ì îáåùàíèè. 20. Øîó äîëæíî ïðîäîëæàòüñÿ! 21. Âû íå äîëæíû ñèäåòü çà êîìïüþòåðîì áîëåå
ñîðîêà ìèíóò.
В. Расскажите о десяти вещах, которые Вы должны делать, и о десяти вещах, которые Вы не должны делать.
21.3 Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на значение выделенных слов.
1. — I couldn’t get in touch with you. — My mobile battery
must have run flat. 2. You can get this job, but you must
certainly be an expert on computers. 3. Who is to do the talking
today? 4. The past can’t be helped! It’s the future we can help.
5. At work today, the manager told me that I must stop having
too many coffee breaks. 6. It was just meant to be so. It was
to happen. 7. The players look upset. They must have lost the
game. 8. I thought she was my love forever, but it was never
to be. 9. — What am I to tell the police? — You must tell
the truth. 10. How was I to know that she was my destiny?
11. It must have been love. 12. What can’t be cured must be
endured. 13. Can you keep a secret? — Of course, I can. 14. It
was a current list of “must-haves”. 15. You can’t stop the
human progress! 16. This bag is a must-have in this season.
17. To break the rules you must first know them. 18. What
must be, must be.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 2
22
2
Ìîäàëüíûå ãëàãîëû
Have to, Should, Ought to
Формы
have (has) to
Present Simple
had to
Past Simple
shall (will) have to
Future Simple
I have to go shopping
every weekend.
She has to walk to her
school every morning.
I had to spend a lot of
money on shopping last
weekend. She had to walk
to her school yesterday.
I shall have to do some
shopping on Friday.
She will have to walk to
her school tomorrow.
Значения
Вынужденная
необходимость,
обязанность, в силу
определённых
обстоятельств
Примеры
Now I have to go home. (Мне нужно идти домой.)
In England you have to drive on the left. (B Англии
нужно ездить по левой стороне.)
We don’t have to go to work on Saturdays and
Sundays. (Нам не приходится ходить на работу по
субботам и воскресеньям.)
Did you have to get up early today? (Вам сегодня
рано пришлось встать?)
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы модального глагола have to образуются с помощью вспомогательных глаголов: do /does, did, shall/will.
Do you have to go shopping every weekend? — I don’t have to do it every
weekend.
120
Модальные глаголы
Did she have to go to her school yesterday? — She didn’t have to go to school.
Will they have to do it? — They won’t have to do it.
Формы
Should + инфинитив (без to)
ought + инфинитив (с to)
You should help him.
He shouldn’t be so shy.
You ought to do your best.
He oughtn’t to smoke so much.
Значения
Примеры
1) совет, моральная обязанность
перед собой или другими людьми
(should в этом значении сильнее, чем
ought to)
You should be friendly to people.
They ought to take up some sport.
2) упрёк, совет, рекомендация,
сомнение
He ought to help his parents. Why
should I do it?
Mary should have bought that book. It’s very good.
Мэри следовало купить эту книгу (но она этого не сделала).
Mary shouldn’t have bought that book. It’s too expensive.
Мэри не следовало покупать эту книгу (но она её купила).
22.1. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. Íå sometimes has to go away on business. 2. We all have to
do some things which aren’t very pleasant. 3. The soldier had
to obey the officer’s order. 4. He should be kind. 5. She ought
to pay more attention to her appearance. 6. Students have to
read a lot. 7. The agent had to leave the country immediately.
8. I have to get up very early on Sunday to catch the plane.
9. You should have told her about your problems. 10. He ought
to marry this girl. 11. She really ought to keep to a diet. 12. He
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UNIT 22
has to work day and night to make a good career. 13. I had to
pay the taxes. 14. He will have to agree to our plans. 15. We had
to queue for hours. 16. We all have to compromise in life.
22.2.
Заполните пропуски правильной формой глаголов have to, should,
ought to.
1. The bus was late so we ...................... wait for half and hour. 2. The
doctor says that you ...................... give up smoking as soon as possible.
3. The car was out of order so we ..................... take a taxi. 4. He
..................... tell a lie to save the situation. 5. You ..................... think twice
about it. 6. I’m afraid you ..................... take the exam again. 7. You
.................... use such rude words! 8. She ..................... be more friendly.
9. He ..................... have two jobs to keep his family. 10. You ......................
consult your doctor about it. 11. You ...................... be more careful
with your money. 12. You ...................... write two tests next week.
13. This lawyer usually ...................... study a lot of cases. 14. My
brother ...................... work hard before he entered the University.
15. — Why ...................... I believe you? — You ...................... to do it.
22.3. A. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Âàì ïðèõîäèòñÿ ìíîãî çàíèìàòüñÿ, ÷òîáû õîðîøî ñäàâàòü
ýêçàìåíû? 2. — Òåáå ïðèøëîñü âûñòóïèòü íà ñîáðàíèè? —
Íåò. 3. Âàì íå ñëåäóåò îïàçäûâàòü íà ëåêöèè. 4. Åé ñëåäóåò
ïðèñëóøàòüñÿ ê ñîâåòàì ñâîèõ ðîäèòåëåé. 5. Åìó íå ñëåäîâàëî ñëóøàòü èõ ñîâåòîâ. 6. Òåáå ñëåäóåò ÷àùå óëûáàòüñÿ. 7. Åé
ïðèøëîñü ñîëãàòü. Åé íå ñëåäîâàëî ýòîãî äåëàòü. 8. Èçâèíèòå,
ìíå íåîáõîäèìî ïîçâîíèòü äðóãó. 9. — Ïî÷åìó òåáå ïðèøëîñü
òàê ðàíî ïîêèíóòü âå÷åð? — Ìíå ïðèøëîñü âåðíóòüñÿ â îôèñ.
10. ×òî-òî áûëî íå â ïîðÿäêå ñ ìàøèíîé, è íàì ïðèøëîñü âûçâàòü òàêñè. 11. Ñêîëüêî ðàç â íåäåëþ òåáå ïðèõîäèòñÿ äåëàòü
ïîêóïêè (to shop)? 12. Âàì ñëåäóåò èçâèíèòüñÿ. 13. — ß ñåáÿ
íåâàæíî ÷óâñòâóþ. — Òåáå íå ñëåäîâàëî òàê ìíîãî åñòü!
14. Îíà âûãëÿäèò óñòàëîé. Åé ñëåäóåò îòäîõíóòü íåñêîëüêî
äíåé. 15. Óæå ïîçäíî. Äåòÿì ñëåäóåò èäòè ñïàòü.
В. Расскажите о десяти вещах, которые вам приходится делать, и о десяти
вещах, которые вам не приходится делать.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 2
23
3
Ìîäàëüíûé ãëàãîë
Need to
Need to
Needed to
Shall/will
need to
I need to go there
I needed to go
there
I’ll need to go
there
Вопросит. форма
Do you need to
go there?
Did you need to
go there?
Will you need to
go there?
Отриц. форма
I don’t need to
go there.
I didn’t need to
go there.
I won’t need to
go there.
Утв. форма
Только в настоящем времени в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях возможны следующие формы (Br. E.):
— Need I go there? — You needn’t go there.
— Need we help you? — You needn’t help us.
Значения
Примеры
1) Необходимость сделать что-то,
Не needs to do it now.
отсутствие необходимости что-то сделать. Does he need to do it now?
(Сходно по значению с must и have to.)
He doesn’t need to do it now.
123
UNIT 23
Продолжение табл.
Значения
Примеры
Сравните формы прошедшего времени:
did not need to go
needn’t have gone
She didn’t need to go shopping.
(Она не ходила за покупками, так как в этом
нет необходимости.)
She needn’t have gone
shopping.
(Она ходила за покупками,
но ни к чему было это
делать.)
Глагол need может употребляться как полнозначный глагол (= want).
I need a new bag. — Do you need a new bag? — I don’t need a new bag.
23.1. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. I need a new umbrella. 2. We need to hurry. 3. They need our
help. 4. He needed this information badly. 5. She needs to get up
early tomorrow. 6. We needed to see you. 7. He needs a laptop.
8. Your children need to live in the country. 9. They need fresh
air. 10. We need to see you. 11. I need to finish the work tonight.
12. The boy needs attention and care. 13. She needs to tell you
something important. 14. Everybody needs an ideal.
23.2. Употребите глаголы must, need, have to в необходимой форме.
1. You ...................... take a taxi. I can give you a lift. 2. We’ve got
a lot of time. We ...................... hurry. 3. Yesterday I ...................... to go
to work. It was Sunday. 4. We are friends. You ...................... be so
official with me. 5. You ...................... worry. All is going to be fine.
6. The chief is in the meeting now, so you ...................... disturb him.
7. You ...................... know all the traffic rules. 8. There ...................... be
a misunderstanding. You ...................... explain everything. 9. If you
go to Britain, you ...................... have a visa. If you go to Turkey,
124
Модальный глагол
you ...................... have a visa. 10. You ...................... open the door to
strangers. 11. She was unwell but still she ...................... go to work.
12. ...................... I say more? 13. We ...................... a short rest. 14. You
...................... stroke the dog. It may bite you. 15. She is on pension
so she ...................... work any more.
23.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Ìíå íóæíû âåðíûå äðóçüÿ. — À êîìó îíè íå íóæíû?
2. Îí íóæäàëñÿ â áîëüøîé ñóììå äåíåã, è íàì ïðèøëîñü ïîìî÷ü åìó. 3. Âàì íè ê ÷åìó ðàññêàçûâàòü âñå äåòàëè. Ìû ñóìååì âñ¸ ïîíÿòü. 4. Íè ê ÷åìó íàì áûëî áðàòü òàêñè. Âîêçàë
íåäàëåêî îòñþäà. 5. Òåáå â ñàìîì äåëå íóæíà ýòà êàññåòà?
Òåáå íå íóæíî ïîêóïàòü å¸. ß ìîãó äàòü òåáå ñâîþ. 6. Íå
íóæíî áûëî òåáå õîäèòü ê âðà÷ó. Òåáå ïðîñòî íóæåí îòäûõ.
7. Îïÿòü èä¸ò äîæäü. Íè ê ÷åìó áûëî ìûòü îêíà. 8. Ó íàñ íå
áûëî íåîáõîäèìîñòè çâîíèòü èì. Îíè ñàìè ïðèøëè ïîâèäàòü
íàñ. 9. — Íàì íóæíî îñòàòüñÿ çäåñü? — Íåò, âû ìîæåòå èäòè.
10. Íè ê ÷åìó âîëíîâàòüñÿ. Âñ¸ áóäåò õîðîøî, òû äîëæåí âåðèòü ìíå. 11. Õîëîäèëüíèê áûë ïîëîí. Òàê ÷òî íàì íå íóæíî
áûëî ïîêóïàòü ïðîäóêòû. 12. Çðÿ òû îáìàíóë íàñ. Ìû çíàåì
ïðàâäó. 13. — Ìíå íåîáõîäèìî çíàòü àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê. — Îí
òåáå â ñàìîì äåëå íóæåí? — Äà, î÷åíü. 14. — Òåáå íåîáõîäèìî íîñèòü î÷êè. — Äà, äàâíî ñëåäîâàëî êóïèòü èõ. 15. — Íóæíî ëè ïðèãëàñèòü âñåõ äðóçåé íà ìîé äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ? — Íåò,
íåîáÿçàòåëüíî. Ìîæåøü ïðèãëàñèòü ñàìûõ áëèçêèõ. 16. Òåáå
íóæíî ïåðåçàðÿäèòü (to recharge) áàòàðåéêó. 17. Ìíå íåîáõîäèìî íà ýòîé íåäåëå îïëàòèòü òåëåôîííûé ñ÷¸ò (bill).
23.4. Прочитайте, переведите и запомните следующее.
I Can
I Did is a word of achievement,
I Won’t is a word of retreat,
I Can’t is a word of defeat,
Ought is a word of duty,
Try is a word of each hour,
Will is a word of beauty,
Can is a word of power.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 2
24
4
good — well, bad — badly
Именное (Nominal)
Выражает факты, состояния, качества,
характеристики
Глагольное (Verbal)
Выражает действия
Many people study English now.
They are resting at the seaside now.
I’ve been working for this firm for
ten years.
We are students. We are happy.
He feels sad. It’s getting cold.
They seemed upset.
She looks great today.
Запомните:
Именное сказуемое определяется
прилагательным:
We are good students.
He is a quick runner.
She is a slow thinker.
Глагольное сказуемое
определяется наречием:
We study well.
He runs quickly.
She thinks slowly.
Именное сказуемое состоит из глагола-связки и именной части.
Основные глаголы-связки
Link verbs
1) бытия: be, look, feel, taste, smell,
sound
126
She is (looks, feels) upset.
The cake tastes and smells
wonderful.
good — well, bad — badly
Продолжение табл.
Основные глаголы-связки
Link verbs
2) изменения, перемены: get, grow,
become, turn, prove
3) сохранения качества: remain, keep
4) кажимости: seem, appear
Our climate is getting (becoming,
growing) warmer.
My life remains very interesting.
He seems (appears) tired.
Именная часть составного именного сказуемого может быть выражена: существительным, прилагательным, числительным, герундием,
причастием II.
He is an architect.
He is very creative.
She is forty.
My hobby is travelling.
He was very much surprised.
1. Слова hard и fast могут употребляться как наречие и как прилагательное.
She is a hard worker. — She works hard.
He is a fast driver. — He drives fast.
2. hardly = едва, очень мало
We hardly know each other. (Мы едва знакомы.)
There is hardly any money in my purse. (В моём кошельке практически нет
денег.)
24.1. Употребите good или well.
1. Your knowledge is very ...................... . You study ......................
2. What are your friends like? Are they ...................... ? 3. How are
your parents? Are they ...................... ? 4. Your exam results are
really ...................... . You did ...................... . 5. I slept ...................... last night.
I had a ...................... dream. 6. They are ...................... people, but they
are not very ...................... . 7. Our business brings ...................... money.
It is going very ...................... at the moment. 8. Did you have a
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UNIT 24
...................... holiday? Was the weather ...................... ? 9. My husband
has a ...................... job and he tries to do it ...................... . 10. She is a
...................... actress. She acts very ...................... . 11. He is a ......................
footballer. He plays ...................... . 12. They earn ...................... money.
They manage their firm ...................... . 13. This is a ...................... car.
She runs ...................... on gas. 14. The pie tastes ...................... . You
cooked it ...................... . 15. — Are you getting on ...................... with
your partners? — Yes, they are quite ...................... people.
24.2. Перефразируйте предложения согласно образцу.
My boss is a hard worker. — My boss works hard.
It was a fast decision. — They decided it fast.
That was a clever answer. — They answered cleverly.
1. Your French is good. 2. He is a quick thinker. 3. Brian is a
slow eater. 4. I am a careful listener. 5. She is a good driver.
6. Ali is a fast runner. 7. The match was very good. 8. She is
a wonderful dancer. 9. He has a perfect voice. 10. My answer
at the exam was good. 11. The children were quiet. 12. The
agent gave a positive answer. 13. They are bad boys. 14. His
smile was pleasant. 15. There was a heavy snowfall outside.
16. Computers brought great changes to our life. 17. It’s an
easy task for me.
24.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îí ñåðü¸çíûé ÷åëîâåê. Îí âñ¸ äåëàåò ñåðü¸çíî. 2. Ðåá¸íîê
ïëîõî ñåáÿ ÷óâñòâóåò è ïëîõî ñåáÿ âåä¸ò. 3. Îíà ìíîãî ðàáîòàåò. Îíà åäâà ëè (ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå) îòäûõàåò. 4. Ýòî ñêîðûé ïîåçä. Îí áûñòðî äîñòàâèò íàñ â Ìîñêâó. 5. Ýòî ÿñíî. Òåïåðü ÿ
ÿñíî (÷¸òêî) âñ¸ ïîíèìàþ. 6. Ýòî îáùåèçâåñòíàÿ èñòèíà. 7. Îí
âñåìèðíî èçâåñòåí. 8. ß ÷óâñòâóþ ñåáÿ áåñïîìîùíîé â òàêèõ ñèòóàöèÿõ. 9. Îíà áåñïîìîùíî óëûáàëàñü. 10. Ìû ïðèìåì
ñðî÷íûå ìåðû. Ìû îòâåòèì âàì áåçîòëàãàòåëüíî. 11. — Êàê
òû ñåáÿ ÷óâñòâóåøü? — Ñïàñèáî, î÷åíü õîðîøî. Íî ìîÿ áàáóøêà ïëîõî ÷óâñòâóåò ñåáÿ. 12. — ×àñòî áûâàþò íåîæèäàííûå ïåðåìåíû â ïîãîäå. — Äà, îíà ÷àñòî íåîæèäàííî ìåíÿåòñÿ. 13. — Öâåòû ïàõíóò ÷óäåñíî. — Äà, è âûãëÿäÿò ÷óäåñíî.
14. Òâîè ñëîâà çâó÷àò çäîðîâî! 15. Îí êðóòîé ïàðåíü! Îí êà128
good — well, bad — badly
æåòñÿ ñ÷àñòëèâûì. 16. Ïî÷åìó òû òàê õîëîäíî ðàçãîâàðèâàåøü ñ íàìè? 17. — Ìû çàì¸ðçëè. — À íàì æàðêî. 18. Ìû àáñîëþòíî ðàçíûå ëþäè. 19. Ñåé÷àñ îí âåä¸ò ñåáÿ ñîâåðøåííî
ïî-äðóãîìó. 20. — Íå ãîâîðè ïëîõî î äðóãèõ ëþäÿõ. Òû âåäü
íåïëîõîé ÷åëîâåê. — Ñïàñèáî.
24.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ñîê êèñëûé íà âêóñ. 2. Ýòî çâó÷èò çäîðîâî. 3. Ïîñòàðàéñÿ îñòàâàòüñÿ õëàäíîêðîâíûì. 4. Åãî ñëîâà çâó÷àëè ñòðàííî.
5. Ñàëàò îñòðûé (spicy) íà âêóñ. 6. Ýòî áûëè òÿæ¸ëûå âðåìåíà. 7. Ýòè ÿãîäû òàê õîðîøî ïàõíóò. 8. Íå âîëíóéòåñü, ðåá¸íîê õîðîøî ÷óâñòâóåò ñåáÿ. 9. Îíè ñîõðàíÿëè ìîë÷àíèå.
10. Îíè ìîë÷à ïîêèíóëè äîì. 11. Ïîãîäà îñòà¸òñÿ õîëîäíîé.
12. Òû çäîðîâî âûãëÿäèøü ñåãîäíÿ. 13. Ÿ àíãëèéñêèé î÷åíü
ïëîõîé. 14. Òû ïëîõî ñäåëàë ýòó ðàáîòó. 15. Îíà âûãëÿäèò
óæàñíî. 16. ß óæàñíî áëàãîäàðíà âàì. 17. Îáåä õîðîøî ïàõíåò.
18. Ðîçû òàê õîðîøî ïàõíóò! 19. Ïèâî ãîðüêîå íà âêóñ. 20. Ðåá¸íîê ãîðüêî ïëàêàë.
24.5. Дополните предложения словами из правой колонки.
1. This question remains
2. The music sounded too
3. The detective stood
4. His words sounded
5. The strawberries smelled
6. The show was
7. He helps people and feels
8. No problem, I can do it
9. He was so weak, he could
10. This matter isn’t so
11. To succeed you have to
12. Are you feeling
13. This perfume smells too
14. The apple-pie tasted
15. The girl smiled
a. entertaining.
b. good about it.
ñ. easily.
d. hardly walk.
e. easy.
f. well today?
g. sweet.
h. delicious.
i. sweetly at us.
j. motionless.
k. open.
l. loud.
m. true.
n. wonderful.
o. work hard.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 2
25
5
Ïîâòîðåíèå
Revision
25.1. Употребите необходимый артикль.
1. Mr. Fox is ................................. mobile-phone magnate. 2. He is
............................ professor of linguistics at Oxford. 3. Simon Hope
has .............................. biggest vocabulary in London, if not in
.............................. country. 4. Will you take ......................... dog out for
........................... run? 5. There appeared ............................. helicopter in
............................. sky. 6. Let’s have ......................... cappuccino at this
cafe. 7. There are ...................... big bright stars in ............................ sky.
8. She quickly hit .............................. stop button on .............................
video remote. 9. I’ve got ............................. job as .......................... TV
presenter. 10. If you don’t run into ...................... kitchen and
have .......................... look at ............................. dinner, it will get burnt.
11. There is ............................. pay phone in ............................ coffee shop.
12. ............................. young man is ...................... rock musician. 13. l am
.............................. journalist from ...................... financial magazine.
14. There is ............................ airbag in my new car. 15. I bought you
............................. new cell phone. 16. There is ................................ peephole
in ............................. front door. 17. She was ............................ right person
at ............................... right time. 18. ...................... news isn’t just good. It
is ............................. fantastic news! 19. He pushed ............................... tape
into ............................. VCR. 20. She has ............................. full-time job.
21. He is ............................. computer programmer for ..............................
big international company. 22. Paul is .............................. fitness
instructor at ............................. local club.
130
Повторение
25.2. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. Íå (e-mail) us every week. 2. Chocolate always (make)
me feel better. It (give) me energy. 3. Now she (work) as a
travelling agent and she (like) what she (do). 4. I often go to
McDonald’s. I (love) it. 5. He (do) everything she (ask) him
for. 6. Who (know) what (lie) around the corner? 7. New York
is a city that not (sleep). — Yes, it never (sleep). 8. My mobile (ring). The display (say): number withheld1. 9. I remember that he (can) (read) like a computer when he (be) six.
10. The weather forecast (say) that it (be) going to rain. And
what (be) the weather for next week? 11. — Why you (be) so
sad? — Life not (make) us happy. 12. This tape (last) ninety
minutes. 13. Money (slip) through his fingers. 14. I (phone)
you to ask how you (be). 15. — Anyone (sit) here? — No, it
(be) vacant. 16. — Why you always (wear) such high-heeled
shoes? — I (try) to look taller.
25.3. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. I ...................... ride a bicycle. I always fall off.
a. may not
b. can’t
ñ. don’t have to
2. You look sick, you ...................... see a doctor.
a. should
b. can
ñ. may
3. ...................... you pass me the ketchup?
a. may
b. must
ñ. could
4. Students ...................... take exams twice a year.
a. can
b. must
ñ. may
5. Sorry, I ...................... come yesterday.
a. didn’t have to b. couldn’t
ñ. might not
6. You ...................... move with the times.
a. must
b. may
ñ. could
7. I ...................... get you out of my mind.
a. may not
b. am not to
ñ. can’t
8. He was very busy but still he ...................... visit us.
a. managed
b. had to
ñ. was to
1
number withheld — íîìåð íå îïðåäåë¸í.
131
UNIT 25
9. ...................... you give me your mobile phone number?
a. might
b. may
ñ. could
10. In future you ...................... be more punctual.
a. may
b. can
ñ. ought to
11. You ...................... face the truth immediately and leave.
a. can
b. are to
ñ. must
12. If he saves enough money, he ...................... buy a car next year.
a. will be able to b. can
ñ. should
13. We ...................... test the printer before buying it.
a. might
b. have to
ñ. must
14. I ...................... smoke in the house. My parents are against it.
a. needn’t
b. ought not to ñ. can’t
15. The cake was so rich that we ...................... eat it.
a. couldn’t
b. shouldn’t
ñ. might not
25.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. Last Christmas I (give) you my heart. 2. Where (be) you
when it (happen)? 3. You (have) nice teachers when you (be)
at school? 4. When you actually (arrive)? 5. Who (tell) you
that? 6. Where I (leave) my umbrella? 7. You (see) him at the
theatre? 8. We (swap1) our mobile numbers and (drive) off.
9. I (buy) an electronic organizer yesterday and (spend) all
night typing my personal data into it. 10. There (be) a time
when I (love) to cook. 11. When he (come) back home late in
the evening, there (be) eight messages on the answering machine from Steve. 12. They (be) brainy children. They (know)
so many things! And now they (be) famous people. 13. It not
(matter) now. It (be) all right with me. 14. Inflation (go up) at
the moment.
25.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Âìåñòå ìû ìîæåì ýòî ñäåëàòü. Íî ìû äîëæíû êàê ñëåäóåò
ïîðàáîòàòü. 2. ß íå ìîãó æäàòü. ß äîëæåí òîðîïèòüñÿ. Ìíå
ïðèõîäèòñÿ áûòü ïóíêòóàëüíûì. 3. Âàøè äåòè äîëæíû åñòü
1
132
to swap — îáìåíÿòüñÿ ÷åì-òî.
Повторение
ìíîãî ôðóêòîâ. Âàì ñëåäóåò îáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå íà èõ äèåòó.
4. — Âàì ïðèõîäèòñÿ ðàíî âñòàâàòü ïî óòðàì? — Äà. Çàíÿòèÿ íà÷èíàþòñÿ â 9 ÷àñîâ, è ÿ íå ìîãó îïàçäûâàòü. 5. Âû
äîëæíû áûòü áîëåå âåæëèâû. Âàì íåëüçÿ òàê ðàçãîâàðèâàòü!
6. — Ìû äîëæíû íà÷àòü ñîáðàíèå â 12 ÷àñîâ. Òû ñìîæåøü
ñêàçàòü ïàðó ñëîâ? — Ñìîãó. 7. — Ìîæíî íàì ïîñìîòðåòü
åù¸ îäèí ôèëüì? — Íåò, íåëüçÿ! Óæå 10 ÷àñîâ âå÷åðà. —
Íåóæåëè óæå òàê ïîçäíî? Ïîâåðèòü ýòîìó íå ìîãó. 8. — Òåáå
ñëåäóåò ïîäóìàòü î ñâî¸ì áóäóùåì. — Òåáå íå íóæíî âîëíîâàòüñÿ îáî ìíå. 9. Íå ñåðäèñü. Íî òû áû ìîã ñäåëàòü ýòî äëÿ
ìåíÿ ñåé÷àñ. 10. — Ãäå äåòè? — Îíè, äîëæíî áûòü, åù¸ â
øêîëå. — Äà, íî òû âñåãäà äîëæåí çíàòü, ãäå îíè. 11. Áîþñü,
÷òî ÿ íè÷åãî íå ìîãó ñäåëàòü äëÿ âàñ. Âàì ïðèä¸òñÿ ïîïðîñèòü êîãî-òî åù¸. 12. Òû äîëæíà áûòü áîëåå ýêîíîìíîé! Òû
íå ìîæåøü ïîçâîëèòü ñåáå òàêèå äîðîãèå âåùè! 13. Ñïðîñè
Íèêèòó. Îí ìîæåò çíàòü òåëåôîí Äåíèñà. 14. Òàê, äîãîâàðèâàåìñÿ âñòðåòèòüñÿ ïîñëå ëåêöèè. Òàê íóæíî è âñ¸ òóò!
15. — Òåáå íóæåí ñîòîâûé òåëåôîí, íå òàê ëè? — Íåò, íå
íóæåí.
25.6. Объясните разницу (иногда стилистическую) в значениях следующих
модальных глаголов. Опишите ситуации, в которых они могут употребляться.
1. — Can you do this for me?
— Could you do something for me?
2. — You mustn’t go out.
— You don’t have to go out.
3. — I may come round to see you later.
— I might come round to see you later.
4. — The train should be here by now.
— The train should be here any minute now.
5. — You must wait here until you are called.
— You are to wait here until you are called.
6. — I can’t leave the house at the moment.
— I am not allowed to leave the house at the moment.
7. — You can do it now (it is all right with me).
— You can do it now (you don’t need any more lessons).
133
UNIT 25
8. — You must let the boss see the fax.
— You will have to let the boss see the fax.
9. — You needn’t write out all the new words.
— You don’t need to write out all the new words.
25.7. Дополните следующие предложения.
1. She can cook well, ............................. ? 2. You can’t buy happiness,
.............................. ? 3. We need to be friends, ............................... ? 4. They
need new information, ...................................... ? 5. You needn’t think
about it, ............................. ? 6. She needed a lot of time to write
this book, ..................................... ? 7. He had to get a second job,
................................ ? 8. You must keep it secret, .............................. ? 9. Let’s
do it, ........................ ? 10. Let’s not discuss it now, ............................... ?
11. We should do something about it, ............................... ? 12. John
must speak to the boss, ...................... ? 13. You ought to call
your parents more often, ......................... ? 14. He may come soon,
...................... ? 15. You could be more friendly, .............................. ?
16. We need to think about it, ...................... ? 17. You will be
able to help us, ................................ ? 18. We need to pass the test,
................................. ? 19. She never had to work, ............................... ?
20. They won’t have to wait long, ............................ ?
25.8.
Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках. Перескажите
текст.
HOWARD HUGHES — THE GREAT AVIATOR
Howard Hughes (be) born in Houston, Texas. He (go) to school
in 1912 and (leave) it in 1924. At that time his father (die) and
Howard (become) director of his father’s oil company. He (be)
very rich as his father had left him about a million dollars which
in those times was a great fortune. He (be) very interested in
film industry so he (decide) (go) to Hollywood. A year later he
(make) his first film. In 1933 he (begin) to work as an airline
pilot. In 1935 he (build) a plane and (break) the world airspeed record as he (fly) at 352 kilometres per hour. President
Roosevelt (give) him a special aviation award. Three years later
134
Повторение
he (set) a new world record. During the war he (design) and
(manufacture) war planes. After the war he (found) a new
company T.W.A. (Trans World Airlines). In 1947 he (crash) a
new war plane but fortunately he not (die). After he (get) out of
hospital, he again (fly) a new passenger plane. In 1966 he (go) to
Las Vegas. He (buy) a lot of casinos, clubs and hotels. He (lead)
a puritan life. He not (smoke), (drink) or (gamble). Hughes (die)
in 1976. He (leave) two billion dollars.
25.9. Переведите следующие предложения.
1.  æóðíàëå íå áûëî íè÷åãî èíòåðåñíîãî. ß ïðîñòî ñìîòðåëà
íà êàðòèíêè. 2. — Ýòîò òåêñò íóæíî íàáðàòü ñåé÷àñ? — Íåò,
â ýòîì íåò íåîáõîäèìîñòè, ìîæåòå ñäåëàòü ýòî çàâòðà. 3. Âñå
çíàþò, ÷òî íà Ëóíå åñòü ïÿòíà (spots). Âû ìîæåòå óâèäåòü èõ
â õîðîøóþ ïîãîäó. 4. Îí íå ìîã çàáûòü ýòó äåâóøêó. Îí ïîñòîÿííî äóìàë î íåé. 5. — Âû õîòèòå ñòàòü ìèëëèîíåðîì? Òîãäà
âàì ñëåäóåò ïðèíÿòü ó÷àñòèå â ýòîé ïåðåäà÷å. — Áîþñü, ÷òî ÿ
íå ñóìåþ îòâåòèòü íà âñå âîïðîñû. 6. Îí íèêîãäà íå ÷èòàë íèêàêèõ êíèã. Îí ïîñòîÿííî èãðàë â êîìïüþòåðíûå èãðû. 7. Âû
íå äîëæíû ïåðåõîäèòü óëèöó, êîãäà ñâåò êðàñíûé. 8. — Êòî
çíàåò, ÷òî ìîæåò ñëó÷èòüñÿ çàâòðà? — Òåáå ñëåäóåò áûòü áîëåå óâåðåííûì â ñâî¸ì áóäóùåì. Òîëüêî òîãäà òû ñóìååøü
ñäåëàòü õîðîøóþ êàðüåðó. 9.  ïðîøëîì ãîäó îí ïîòåðÿë ðàáîòó. Îí íå ñìîã íàéòè äðóãóþ â ñâî¸ì ìàëåíüêîì ãîðîäêå è
îòïðàâèëñÿ â Ëîíäîí. 10. Âû ìîæåòå âçÿòü ýòîò ñëîâàðü. Îí
ìíå áîëüøå íå íóæåí. 11. Ëåðå íå íóæíî ðàíî âñòàâàòü, òàê
êàê îíà æèâ¸ò íàïðîòèâ óíèâåðñèòåòà. 12. Êîãäà íà÷àëüíèê
âîø¸ë â îôèñ, ñåêðåòàðøà áîëòàëà ïî òåëåôîíó, ìåíåäæåð
ïèë êîôå, äåâóøêè ïðîñìàòðèâàëè ãëÿíöåâûå (glossy) æóðíàëû. 13. — Äîëæåí ëè ÿ îòïðàâèòü ôàêñ ïðÿìî ñåé÷àñ? — Íåò,
íåîáÿçàòåëüíî. Âû ìîæåòå ñäåëàòü ýòî ÷åðåç ÷àñ. 14. — Âûíóæäåí ïðèçíàòüñÿ, ÷òî íå ñìîãó ïðèíÿòü ó÷àñòèÿ â êîíôåðåíöèè, õîòÿ è áûëà òàêàÿ äîãîâîð¸ííîñòü. — Íå ñòîèò âîëíîâàòüñÿ ïî ýòîìó ïîâîäó. ß ìîãó ñäåëàòü ýòî. 15. — Ýòî, äîëæíî áûòü, ïðàâäà. — Íåóæåëè ýòî ïðàâäà? Íå ìîæåò áûòü, ÷òî
ýòî ïðàâäà.
135
UNIT 25
25.10.
Прочитайте следующие пословицы и поговорки и найдите их русские эквиваленты.
1. Appearances can be deceptive. 2. Show must go on. 3. You
must sleep on it. 4. You can’t see the wood for the trees. 5. One
can’t have too much of a good thing. 6. One Englishman can
beat three Frenchmen. 7. You never know what you can do
until you try. 8. He who falls today may rise tomorrow. 9. Who
says A must say B. 10. What everybody says must be true.
11. You can’t put new wine in old bottles. 12. What can’t be
cured must be endured. 13. Children should be seen and not
heard. 14. A liar ought to have a good memory. 15. Life is like a
box of chocolates. You never know what you may get.
25.11 Прочитайте следующую шутку и перескажите её.
I WON’T LET YOU IN!
There is a prison in Iceland which allows its prisoners to go out
without any guards to work every day. They have to work on
the farms near the prison during the day, and must come back
to have their evening meal and to sleep every evening. Before
they are allowed to go out like this, they have to promise to
come back every evening. If they do not promise this, they are
not let out. One night one of the prisoners was invited to have a
meal and drink with the family of the farmer he was working
for, so he came back to the prison late. He had to knock at the
gate several times before the guard came to let him in.
The guard did not like being disturbed at this time, so he said
to the prisoner angrily, “If you come back so late again, I won’t
let you in!” “What can’t be cured must be endured”, answered
the prisoner.
Unit
U
n
nit
it 2
26
6
Ïðîñòîå áóäóùåå âðåìÿ
Future Simple
+
I
We
You
He
She
It
They
shall/
will
(‘ll)
will
(‘ll)
?
be
here
Shаll
phone
you
be
here
Will
phone
you
I’ll visit you soon.
She will help us.
They will discuss it
soon.
I
we
you
he
she
it
they
–
be
here?
phone
you?
be
here?
phone
you?
Shall I visit you soon?
Will she help us?
Will they discuss it
soon?
I
We
shall
not
(shan’t)
will not
(won’t)
You
He
She
It
They
will not
(won’t)
be
here
phone
you
be
here
phone
you
I shan’t (won’t) visit you
soon.
She won’t help us.
They won’t discuss it
soon.
137
UNIT 26
Случаи употребления
1. Единичные и повторяющиеся
действия в будущем.
2. Предложение помощи
(в вопросительных предложениях).
Примеры
We shall meet at five o’clock
tomorrow.
My students will have tests every
month.
It will be cold tomorrow.
Shall I help you?
What shall we do next?
Обстоятельства времени:
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, one of these days («на днях»), next week
(month, year), in the near future, soon, as soon as possible, some day, in an hour
(a week, ...)
Let’s talk about your problems, shall we?
Don’t be late, will you?
Be on time, will you?
26.1. Дополните следующие вопросы, используя Shall we...? и данные ниже
вопросительные слова согласно образцу.
where, when, what, how, how much, how long, whom
What shall we tell them?
1. ...................... do tomorrow?
2. ...................... go tomorrow evening?
3. ...................... buy Susan for her birthday?
4. ...................... go on holiday? To Paris?
5. ...................... go? In August or in May?
6. ...................... travel? By car or by train?
7. ...................... do at the weekend?
8. ...................... go on Sunday? To a museum?
9. ...................... invite to dinner on Saturday? All our friends?
10. ...................... stay in Paris? For a week?
11. ...................... have to pay for the trip?
138
Простое будущее время
26.2. Заполните пропуски глаголами shall (not) (shan’t) или will (not) (won’t).
1. ...................... Jack pass the test? — I’m afraid he ...................... . He
doesn’t work hard enough. 2. ...................... there be many people
at the party? — No, there ...................... . 3. ...................... it snow
tomorrow? — I hope it ...................... 4. — Let’s stay at home today,
...................... we? — And what ...................... we do? 5. — Who ......................
meet you at the airport? — Nobody ...................... . 6. It’s raining. Take
your umbrella or you ...................... catch a cold. 7. ...................... I do the
washing up, Mum? — No, I ...................... do it. 8. ...................... you be at
home tomorrow? — No, we ...................... . We are having a party.
9. ...................... I sign all these papers? — No, the manager ......................
do it. 10. I have eaten two big round pizzas. I hope I ......................
fall ill. 11. Next year at this time I ...................... be in Florida. 12. I’m
afraid you ...................... catch your train. It’s too late. — So, what
...................... I do? 13. I expect the traffic ...................... be heavy on
Monday morning. 14. Stay cool, ...................... you? 15. Don’t ask me
too many questions, ...................... you? 16. ...................... I help you with
cooking?...................... it be all right with you? 17. What ......................
the weather be like next week? 18. We haven’t got any money.
So we ...................... go on holiday this summer. We ...................... stay in
our dacha. — ...................... you visit us? — Thank you, I ...................... .
26.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Ìíå ïîçâîíèòü òåáå çàâòðà? — Çàâòðà âîñêðåñåíüå.
ß áóäó ñïàòü äî 12 ÷àñîâ äíÿ. Ïîçâîíè ìíå ïîñëå 12 ÷àñîâ, õîðîøî? 2. — Ãäå ñîñòîèòñÿ ôåñòèâàëü? — Îí áóäåò, êàê îáû÷íî, â Âåíåöèè. Ïîåäåì òóäà? 3. — ×òî ó íàñ ñåãîäíÿ áóäåò
íà óæèí? — Äàâàé çàêàæåì ïèööó, õîðîøî? 4. — Íà ýòîì
êîíöåðòå áóäåò ìíîãî íàðîäó? — Íó ÷òî æå, ïîïûòàåìñÿ äîñòàòü áèëåòû? 5. — Ñêîëüêî ëåò áóäåò âàøåìó ñûíó â ýòîì
ãîäó? — Åìó áóäåò øåñòü ëåò. — Îí ïîéäåò â øêîëó îñåíüþ? — Äà, ïîéäåò. 6. — Âîçìîæíî ëè áóäåò ïîëó÷èòü ýòè
ñâåäåíèÿ? — Ìû ñäåëàåì âñå âîçìîæíîå. 7. — Ãäå òû áóäåøü
âñòðå÷àòü Íîâûé ãîä? — Êàê âñåãäà, ÿ áóäó äîìà ñî ñâîåé ñåìüåé. 8. Ïðîñòè ìåíÿ, õîðîøî? 9. Íèêòî íå çíàåò, ÷òî ñëó÷èòñÿ â áóäóùåì. 10. Îí íàäååòñÿ, ÷òî îíà ñîãëàñèòñÿ ñòàòü åãî
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UNIT 26
æåíîé. 11. Íå ãîâîðè èì íè÷åãî. Ýòî áóäåò ñþðïðèç. 12. ×åðåç
ãîä ìîé ñûí çàêîí÷èò óíèâåðñèòåò, à äî÷ü çàêîí÷èò øêîëó.
13. — ß íèêîãäà íå îáìàíó òåáÿ. — À ÿ íèêîãäà òåáå áîëüøå
íå ïîâåðþ. 14. Áóäü îñòîðîæåí. Íå ãîíè ìàøèíó. — Íå âîëíóéñÿ, ÿ áóäó îñòîðîæåí. 15. Ìíå ïðèãîòîâèòü òåáå ÷àøå÷êó
÷àÿ? Òû áóäåøü çåëåíûé èëè ÷åðíûé ÷àé? 16. — Íó è ÷òî òû
íà ýòî ñêàæåøü? — Íè÷åãî íå ñêàæó. ß ïðîìîë÷ó. 17. — Äàâàé âñòðåòèìñÿ íà äíÿõ â öåíòðå. — Õîðîøî, ÿ ïðèäó. Ãäå
ìíå æäàòü òåáÿ? 18. Â áëèæàéøåì áóäóùåì íèêàêèõ ïåðåìåí
íå îæèäàåòñÿ. 19. — Ìíå ïîäîæäàòü òåáÿ? — Äà, ÿ áóäó ãîòîâ
÷åðåç ìèíóòó. 20. — Êîãäà ìû âíîâü óâèäèì âàñ? — Ìû äàäèì âàì çíàòü.
26.4 Заполните пропуски глаголами shall (not) или will (not).
1. We can’t find anyone who ...................... take the job. 2. Switch off
your mobiles, ...................... you? 3. Don’t call me after ten, ......................
you? 4. Stop it or I ...................... get angry in a moment. 5. I — never
betray you! 6. ...................... you do me a favour? — What ......................
I do? 7. ...................... you marry me? If you refuse me, I ......................
commit hara-kiri. 8. The Internet has changed our life and we
...................... be able to live without it any more. 9. Time ......................
show who is right. 10. You’ve got a problem?! ...................... we
speak about it? 11. Don’t worry, ...................... you? Any bank
...................... give you credit in no time. 12. They ...................... now
discuss the results of their Websearch. 13. ...................... I speak to
the boss or ...................... you do it? 14. There ...................... never be
another you. You are a miracle!
Unit
U
n it 2
nit
27
7
Áóäóùåå ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ
Future Progressive (Continuous)
+
I
We
You
He
She
It
They
?
shall/
be
will (‘ll) doing
will
(‘ll)
be
doing
Shall
Will
Случаи употребления
1. Действие в процессе в
определенный момент в
будущем.
I
we
you
he
she
it
they
–
be
doing?
I
We
be
doing
You
He
She
It
They
shall not be
(shan’t) doing
will not
(won’t)
will not
(won’t)
be
doing
Примеры
At this time next week I’ll be flying to
London.
In a week we’ll be celebrating Mike’s
birthday.
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UNIT 27
Продолжение табл.
2. Действие, которое
говорящий предвидит
в будущем.
Способ
I must go now or my mother will be
worrying.
She is sure he will be telling her about his
love again.
Случаи употребления
Примеры
1. to be going to +
инфинитив
Запланированное
действие в ближайшем
будущем.
She is going to tell him the
truth.
They are going to buy a
computer.
2. Настоящее
продолженное
время (Present
Progressive)
Запланированное
действие в ближайшем
будущем (с глаголами
движения to come,
to leave, to start, to arrive,
to fly)
I am leaving for Sochi today.
He is coming to dinner on
Saturday.
They are arriving at five
o’clock.
3. Простое
настоящее время
(Present Simple)
Запланированное
действие
в соответствии
с расписанием,
графиком,
программой.
The bus starts at 6.30.
The lecture begins in five
minutes.
4. Модальный
глагол to be to
+ инфинитив
глагола
Действие,
которое должно
быть выполнено
в ближайшее время
по договоренности.
We are to meet after lunch.
What am I to do now?
Who is to do the talking
today?
142
Будущее продолженное время
27.1.
Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст. Найдите в нем средства
выражения будущности.
During our dinner at the restaurant Fiona told us: “I’m sorry it’s
such a short trip for us. But David has to get back to England.
We’ll be leaving on Tuesday, so it’ll be less than a week. We’re
staying here until Monday night and we’re flying out in the
morning. You see, I’ve bought a house in Yorkshire and I’m in
the process of furnishing it.” “Are you moving from London?”
Jake asked. “You’re not selling your beautiful house, are you?”
“Oh, no, not at all. It’s too special for me. But I will be living in
Yorkshire in the summer, when the weather is always better.
I am buying a business there too.”
“Oh, Fiona, you are full of surprises. What kind of business?”
Tony asked.
“A restaurant and a bar,” she said. “When David retires, he’ll
be running it with me. Until then, his son Noel will be working
with me. He’s a great cook. So, you must all come and enjoy his
food one day.”
“Thank you, Fiona, we are sure you’re going to have a great
success.”
27.2.
Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What will you be doing at exactly this time tomorrow? 2. Will
you be working this Saturday? 3. Will your friend be watching
the football match tonight? 4. Will you be meeting your friends
in the evening? 5. Will your mother be shopping on Saturday
morning? 6. Will you be waiting for him while he is in the
Army? Will you be thinking about him? 7. What will you be
wearing for the party? 8. Will you be still working at 7 o’clock?
9. What will you be discussing at tomorrow’s seminar? 10. Will
your mother be as usual watching her favourite serial from
seven till eight o’clock?
27.3.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. He óõîäèòå, ñêîðî áóäåì ïèòü ÷àé. 2. Íå ìîãó ïîâåðèòü,
÷òî çàâòðà ìû áóäåì õîäèòü ïî óëèöàì Ëîíäîíà. 3. Çàâòðà
143
UNIT 27
ìû ïîñåòèì Ïàðëàìåíò. ×ëåíû Ïàðëàìåíòà áóäóò îáñóæäàòü ïîñëåäíèå ñîáûòèÿ â ìèðå. 4. Ïîëîæè ó÷åáíèêè â ïîðòôåëü ñåãîäíÿ âå÷åðîì, à òî çàâòðà óòðîì òû îïÿòü áóäåøü
íîñèòüñÿ ïî äîìó. 5. — Ñîíÿ óñòðàèâàåò çàâòðà âå÷åðèíêó,
òû èäåøü? — Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íåò. Çàâòðà ÿ áóäó ñäàâàòü ýêçàìåí. 6. — Çà÷åì òû âçÿëà çîíòèê Ëèçû? Îíà æå áóäåò èñêàòü
åãî çàâòðà. 7. ß ìîãó ëåãêî îïèñàòü òåáå, ÷òî ìîÿ ñåìüÿ áóäåò
äåëàòü â êàíóí Íîâîãî ãîäà: ìàìà áóäåò íàêðûâàòü íà ñòîë,
ïàïà áóäåò ãîòîâèòü èíäåéêó ñ ÿáëîêàìè, à äåòè áóäóò óêðàøàòü åëêó. 8. Íå çâîíè ìíå îò 8 äî 10 ÷àñîâ. ß áóäó ðàáîòàòü
â Èíòåðíåòå. 9. Çàâòðà ìû áóäåì î÷åíü çàíÿòû. Ìû áóäåì ãîòîâèòüñÿ ê êîíöåðòó. 10. — ×òî òû áóäåøü äåëàòü â ýòî âðåìÿ
çàâòðà? — Áóäó ðàññëàáëÿòüñÿ, òî åñòü îòäûõàòü. 11. — ×òî
òû ñîáèðàåøüñÿ íàäåòü íà âå÷åð? — Íà ìíå áóäåò (to wear)
êðàñíîå ïëàòüå. 12. Äàâàé ïîéäåì íà ëåêöèþ ïðîôåññîðà Õèããèíñà. Îí áóäåò ðàññêàçûâàòü î ïîñëåäíèõ òåíäåíöèÿõ â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå. 13. Íå âîëíóéñÿ, ÿ òåáÿ íå çàáóäó. ß áóäó
äóìàòü î òåáå äí¸ì è íî÷üþ. ß âñåãäà áóäó âñïîìèíàòü òâîþ
óëûáêó. 14. Çàâòðà â ýòî âðåìÿ, ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê, âû áóäåòå îòâå÷àòü íà íàøè âîïðîñû. 15. Âñþ ñëåäóþùóþ íåäåëþ ÿ
áóäó ãîòîâèòüñÿ ê ýêçàìåíàì.
27.4 Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Объясните средства выражения будущности в них.
Summer will soon be drawing to an end; it always disappears
very quickly after July Fourth weekend. Then Thanksgiving
will be upon us before I can blink, with Christmas not far
behind.
This year we are going to spend Christmas in England. We will
be staying with Diana at her house in the Yourkshire dales.
Andrew and I are really looking forward to it, and the children
are excited. They are hoping it will snow so that they can go
sledging with their father. He’s promised to take them on the
runs he favored when he was a child; and he is planning to
teach them to skate, providing Diana’s pond has frozen solid.
Unit
U
n i t 28
nit
28
Ïðèäàòî÷íûå âðåìåíè è óñëîâèÿ
If — When
В английском языке в придаточных предложениях условия и времени после союзов if, unless, in case, on condition that, when, till, until, as soon as, before, after вместо будущего времени употребляется простое настоящее время (Present Simple).
Тип
предложения
Придаточное
предложение
1. Реального
условия
If I get this job,
I’ll be happy
Если я получу эту
работу, я буду
счастлив(а).
If he calls,
we’ll discuss the
plan.
Если он позвонит, мы
обсудим этот план.
If they come,
we’ll have a party.
Если они придут,
то мы устроим
вечеринку.
When I see her,
I’ll ask her about it.
Когда я увижу её, то
спрошу её об этом.
As soon as the
lecture is over,
we’ll go home.
Как только лекция
закончится, мы
пойдём домой.
After the rain
stops,
the children will
go for a walk
После того как дождь
закончится, дети
пойдут гулять.
2. Времени
Главное
предложение
Перевод
145
UNIT 28
В дополнительных придаточных предложениях после союзов if, whether,
when употребляется будущее время (Future Simple).
I’d like to know if it will rain or snow tomorrow.
We don’t know when the chief will come.
28.1. Составьте предложения, используя приведённые ниже фразы.
DzȅȔȄȋȉȚ: If you sit at the computer too long, you will get very tired.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
don’t switch off the TV-set,
get up very early,
eat too many sweets,
don’t take this medicine,
doesn’t save his money,
forgets his promise,
don’t put the milk in
the fridge,
don’t work hard,
drinks some more beer,
don’t invite Mary,
moves to London,
rains today,
don’t listen in class,
14. take an umbrella,
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
get hurt
have bad teeth
not pass your exam
not go for a walk
work in the City
turn sour
not understand
homework
h. see the sunrise
i. do it myself
j. definitely fall ill
k be able to rent a house
l. remind him about it
m. have problems with
the police
n. not work in the garden
28.2. Дополните следующие предложения.
1. Unless you hurry, ...................... . 2. I’ll tell him something
interesting when ...................... . 3. We are going to visit them after
...................... . 4. As soon as it stops raining, ...................... . 5. If he is not
punctual, ...................... . 6. We’ll visit the Russian Museum when
...................... . 7. My life will be easier after ...................... . 8. Dinner will
be ready before ...................... . 9. As soon as he gets to the airport,
...................... . 10. The director will e-mail you after ...................... .
11. Let’s wait till ...................... . 12. We’ll stay here until ...................... .
146
Придаточные времени и условия
13. Give them our address if ...................... . 14. He’ll have to work
in the Internet if ................... . 15. We’ll listen to you after ................. .
16. I’ll give you my phone number in case ...................... . 17. If Tom
comes, ...................... . 18. She’ll stay at home in case ...................... .
19. You’ll get tired unless ...................... .
28.3. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. If everything (go) well, we (meet) soon. 2. I don’t know where
I (have) a rest next summer. 3. If she (want) it, she (get) it.
4. We (try) to get the money before the bank (close). 5. If she
(keep) to a diet, she (feel) very well. 6. I not (speak) to him
unless he (apologize). 7. If it not (rain) on the weekend, we
(paint) the bench in the garden. 8. We (have) to leave the place
before the sun (rise). 9. We (know) his new address as soon as
he (e-mail) us. 10. I (stay) with you till the doctor (come). 11. If
the film (finish) late, the child not (able) to fall asleep. 12. In
case the plan not (work), we (think) of something else. 13. If
the price (go) down, I (buy) a new computer. 14. We (try) to
run away before the police (come). 15. If she (learn) the truth,
she (be) very unhappy. 16. If the ecological situation (improve),
people (feel) much better. 17. I (have) to tell my parents the
truth before my teacher (call) them. 18. If there (be) a lot of
snow in the forest, we (go) skiing. 19. As soon as he (get) the
contracts, he (fax) them to you. 20. She (start) a new life after
she (graduate) from University.
28.4. Перефразируйте и дополните предложения согласно образцу.
It looks like rain. — If it rains, I won·t have to water the owers in
the garden.
1. People will have a ten-day holiday after the New Year.
2. I hope my friend will have some free time on Sunday.
3. Maybe Marina won’t come to class tomorrow. 4. I’m sure
you’ll be hungry after the excursion. 5. Maybe she’ll marry this
fellow. 6. Perhaps she will call a good doctor. 7. Kostya Dzu
will win the match. 8. It looks like snow. 9. Everybody is going
to leave the city in the summertime. 10. Maybe one day he’ll
become a serious person. 11. He hopes that one day he’ll have
147
UNIT 28
enough money. 12. Maybe we’ll be lucky with this new business.
13. Perhaps, the police will find his car. 14. Maybe she’ll come to
the concert. 15. Probably Mr. Parker will join the club.
28.5. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. If Sam (give) up smoking and drinking, he (feel) a different
man. 2. Let us (buy) some more food in case guests (arrive). 3. If
this detective (work) for us, he (help) us a lot, I’m sure. 4. If
television (show) more cultural programmes, it (be) very useful
for all of us. 5. She (send) us an SMS in case she (be) late. 6. If
there (be) some messages for you, I (call) you. 7. If there (be)
a concert on Red Square, we (go) there. 8. If he (be) out, we
(have to) wait for him. 9. As soon as the metro (open), there
(be) crowds of people in it. 10. When my English friend (arrive)
in Moscow, we first (go) to Red Square. 11. If my money not
(come) tomorrow, I not (be able) to go shopping with you. 12. As
soon as summer (come), he (go) on an expedition to the Urals.
13. I (take) a dictionary from the library in case there (be)
unknown words in the text. 14. You (have) to stay here until
your lawyer (come). 15. After the agent (get) the secret data, he
(leave) the country immediately.
28.6. Дополните следующие предложения
1. It’s interesting if ... . 2. I have no idea whether ... . 3. We
greatly doubt if ... . 4. He wonders whether ... . 5. We would like
to know when ... . 6. Tell me if ... . 7. Can anyone tell me when ...?
8. Do you know if ...? 9. He can’t remember when ... . 10. He has
no idea if ... . 11. Tell us if ... . 12. Does anyone know when ... ?
13. He wants to find out if ... . 14. Ask her if ... . 15. I am not sure
when ... . 16. We don’t know whether ... . 17. I can’t say whether
... . 18. She wonders if ... .
28.7. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ß óâåðåíà, ÷òî âû ïîéì¸òå ïðîáëåìó, êàê òîëüêî îíà âàì
âñ¸ ðàññêàæåò. 2. Åñëè ïîõîëîäàåò, ÿ ïîñòàâëþ ìàøèíó â ãàðàæ. 3. Åñëè ïîåçä ïðèä¸ò âîâðåìÿ, ìû áóäåì äîìà â 7 ÷àñîâ
148
Придаточные времени и условия
âå÷åðà. 4. Åñëè îí ïîëó÷èò ôàêñ ñåãîäíÿ, òî óæå çàâòðà ñìîæåò ïðèëåòåòü ñþäà. 5. Åñëè ïîéä¸ò ñíåã, òî ñòàíåò òåïëåå.
6. Çàñòàâü åãî ðàññêàçàòü òåáå ïðàâäó. Åñëè îí íå ñäåëàåò
ýòîãî ñåé÷àñ, òî áóäåò âñåãäà ëãàòü. 7. — Èíòåðåñíî, êîãäà æå
ìû âñòðåòèìñÿ? — Ìû âñòðåòèìñÿ, êàê òîëüêî îí ñäàñò âñå
ýêçàìåíû. 8. ß åù¸ íå çíàþ, êîãäà îñâîáîæóñü. Íî åñëè áóäåò
íå î÷åíü ïîçäíî, òî ÿ íàâåùó âàñ. 9. Åñëè îí âûèãðàåò ïðèç,
òî ñóìååò êóïèòü ìíîãî âåùåé, â êîòîðûõ îí î÷åíü íóæäàåòñÿ.
10. Äàâàé ïîáåæèì äîìîé ïðåæäå, ÷åì ïîéä¸ò äîæäü. 11. Åñëè
îíà íàïèøåò íîâûé ðîìàí, òî îí òî÷íî ñòàíåò áåñòñåëëåðîì.
12. Íèêòî íå çíàåò, êîãäà ýòî ïðîèçîéä¸ò. 13. Îí íàäååòñÿ, ÷òî
êîãäà îíè óçíàþò ïðàâäó, òî ïðîñòÿò åãî. 14. Åñëè îíà ïîñòàðàåòñÿ, òî ñóìååò ïðîéòè èíòåðâüþ. 15. Îí ïðèä¸ò íà âå÷åð,
â ñëó÷àå åñëè òû ëè÷íî åãî ïðèãëàñèøü. 16. Îíà íå ïðèä¸ò
íà âå÷åð, â ñëó÷àå åñëè òû ëè÷íî íå ïðèãëàñèøü å¸. 17. Åñëè
êòî-íèáóäü ïîçâîíèò, ÿ îñòàâëþ òåáå çàïèñêó. 18. Íèêòî íå
çíàåò, áóäåò ëè ëåòî æàðêèì èëè õîëîäíûì. 19. Ìû îáñóäèì
ýòîò âîïðîñ, êàê òîëüêî âñå ïðèäóò. 20. Åñëè îí íå áóäåò òîðîïèòüñÿ, òî íå áóäåò äåëàòü òàê ìíîãî îøèáîê. 21. Åñëè íîâîñòè
áóäóò âàæíûìè, òî ÿ îòïðàâëþ òåáå ôàêñ. 22. Åñëè òâîé äðóã
ïðèìåò ó÷àñòèå â ïåðåäà÷å «Êòî õî÷åò ñòàòü ìèëëèîíåðîì?»,
òî îí òî÷íî (definitely) âûèãðàåò áîëüøóþ ñóììó äåíåã. Îí
òàêîé óìíûé ïàðåíü.
28.8. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках и перескажите рассказ.
HIGH HOPES
A young village girl who lives in the East is going one day to the
nearest town. She (carry) a jug of milk on her head. She (walk)
and (think) “When I (come) to town, I (find) a market and (sell)
the milk there. I not (think) that I (get) much money for it but
if it (be) enough, I (buy) a dozen eggs. I (have) twelve chickens
out of those eggs. When the chickens (grow up), I (take) them
to the market. After I (sell) them, I (go) to a shop and (buy) a
beautiful new dress for myself. I (look) wonderful in it. After
I (put on) this beautiful dress, I (walk) along the main street of
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the village. When people (see) me, they (stop) and (say): “What a
beautiful girl she (be) and what a wonderful dress she (wear)!”
But when I (hear) it, I not (say) anything, I just (give a shake)
of my head.” And here she (give) a shake of her head and down
(come) the milk, the eggs, the chickens and the wonderful new
dress!
28.9. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Êàê òîëüêî âñå ïðèäóò, ìû áóäåì îáåäàòü. Íî ìû íå çíàåì
òî÷íî, êîãäà âåðíóòñÿ ðîäèòåëè. 2. Ñïðîñè å¸, ïðèä¸ò ëè îíà
íà âå÷åð. Åñëè îíà ñîãëàñèòñÿ, âñå áóäóò ðàäû. 3. Îí ïðèøë¸ò
ôàêñ, êàê òîëüêî ïðèáóäåò â Ðèì. Îí íå çíàåò, ïðîáóäåò ëè
îí òàì äåíü èëè íåäåëþ. 4. Åñëè ïðîäþñåð ïîëó÷èò äåíüãè, òî
îí ñäåëàåò ïðåêðàñíûé ôèëüì. Íî íèêòî íå çíàåò, êîãäà îí
èõ ïîëó÷èò. 5. Èíòåðåñíî, áóäåò ëè çàâòðà äîæäü? Åñëè åãî
íå áóäåò, òî ìû ïîåäåì çà ãîðîä. 6. Ðîäèòåëè Ìàêñà íå áóäóò
äàâàòü åìó êàðìàííûõ äåíåã äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà îí íå èñïðàâèò ñâîè äâîéêè. Îí ñîìíåâàåòñÿ, ñóìååò ëè îí ýòî ñäåëàòü.
7. Ñïðîñè å¸, ñîãëàñèòñÿ ëè îíà ïîìî÷ü íàì. Åñëè îíà ñäåëàåò ýòî, òî ó íàñ íå áóäåò ïðîáëåì. 8. Åñëè êîðàáëü äîñòèãíåò
ýòîé ïëàíåòû, òî ó÷¸íûå ïîëó÷àò ìíîãî èíòåðåñíûõ ñâåäåíèé.
Èíòåðåñíî, ñêîðî ëè ýòî ïðîèçîéä¸ò? 9. — Åñëè ÿ âûïüþ ýòîò
êîôå, òî íå ñìîãó çàñíóòü ñåãîäíÿ. — Õîòåëîñü áû óçíàòü,
êîãäà æå òû ïåðåñòàíåøü ïèòü êîôå ïî âå÷åðàì? 10. ß ñäåëàþ ýòî ïîçæå, åñëè ó ìåíÿ áóäåò âðåìÿ. Íî ÿ íå çíàþ, êîãäà
îíî ó ìåíÿ ïîÿâèòñÿ. 11. Íèêòî íå äîëæåí óõîäèòü, ïîêà íå
âåðí¸òñÿ óïðàâëÿþùèé, îäíàêî íèêòî íå çíàåò, êîãäà îí ïðèä¸ò. 12. Åñëè ìû íå ïîëó÷èì ôàêñ ñåãîäíÿ, òî çàâòðà ïðèä¸òñÿ
ëåòåòü â Ëîíäîí. — Èíòåðåñíî, ñóìååì ëè ìû êóïèòü áèëåòû?
28.10. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. Hurry up! Your father not (wait) for you if you not (be) ready
in five minutes. 2. If he (get) the car in time from the service
station, he (collect) the children from school. 3. If the battery
(run) low, I not (be able) to call you. 4. If Andrew (switch) on his
answering machine, he (read) our message. 5. We not (know) if
she (get) the job. When the interview (be) over, she (email) us.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 2
29
9
tî be exciting — to be excited
Употребительные выражения с глаголом be и причастием II (3-я форма глагола):
1. be amused
16. be hurt
2. be bored (with)
17. be interested in
3. be broken
18. be mistaken
4. be closed
19. be made of (from)
5. be challenged
20. be married (to)
6. be crowded (with)
21. be gone
7. be devoted (to)
22. be pleased (with)
8. be disappointed (in, with)
23. be prepared (for)
9. be divorced (from)
24. be satisfied (with)
10. be drowned
25. be scared (of )
11. be engaged (to)
26. be surprised
12. be excited (about)
27. be spoiled
13. be exhausted (from)
28. be terrified (of )
14. be finished (with)
29. be tired (of )
15. be frightened (of )
30. be worried (about)
Все эти выражения передают факты или состояния человека. Прилагательное даёт характеристику чего-то или кого-то. Причастие II выражает состояние кого-то или чего-то.
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My job is interesting. — I’m really interested.
This moment is so exciting. — We’re so excited.
The party is boring. — Many people are bored.
It was a challenging1 match. — He was challenged to beat the boxer.
Сравните также:
be made of
to consist of (состоять из чегото, материал присутствует
в предмете)
The carpet is made of wool.
The dress is made of silk.
29.1.
be made from (out of)
(сделано из ..., но конечный продукт
другой)
Butter is made from (out of) milk.
Glass is made from (out of) sand.
Выберите правильное слово.
1. The clowns were very ...................... . The children were ......................
by the show. (amusing/amused).
2. The people in front of me were ...................... and fell asleep. The
film was ...................... . (boring/bored).
3. Everyone was ...................... as the situation was ...................... . (shocking/shocked).
4. It was a ...................... task. The agent was ...................... to do it. (challenging/challenged).
5. Helen is ...................... in many things. She is an ...................... person.
(interesting/interested).
6. It was a very ................... match. All the fans were very ................... .
(exciting/excited).
7. Housework can be very ...................... I am often very ...................... .
(tiring/tired).
8. It was quite ...................... that they got married. But I wasn’t
...................... . (surprising/surprised).
1
a challenging task — çàäàíèå, òðåáóþùåå îò âàñ ìàêñèìóìà óñèëèé, ñèëû
âîëè; ïðîâåðÿþùåå, ñïîñîáíû âû âûïîëíèòü åãî èëè íåò.
152
tо be exciting — to be excited
9. I was .................. with the concert. — Yes, it was rather ................... .
(disappointing/disappointed).
10. He is very ...................... He’s going to have an ...................... day. (exciting/excited).
11. At the end of the day we were ...................... . It was a long and
...................... day. (tiring/tired).
12. Many people are ...................... in the Internet today. Working in
the Net is ...................... for me. (interesting/interested).
13. This weather is so .................. , many people are really .................... .
(depressing/depressed).
14. The man gave us a ...................... look. We were ...................... to
fight. (challenging/challenged).
15. Many people were ...................... in the storm. A ...................... man
catches at a straw. (drowning/drowned).
29.2.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ß íå ëþáëþ ôèëüìû óæàñîâ. Ìíå âñåãäà ñòðàøíî. 2. Ýòî
áûë èçíóðÿþùèé äåíü. Ìû î÷åíü óñòàëè. 3. Îíà âñåãäà âûãëÿäèò îáåñïîêîåííîé. 4. — Òû óäîâëåòâîð¸í ñâîåé ðàáîòîé? — È äà è íåò. 5. Ìîé ñûí èíòåðåñóåòñÿ êîìïüþòåðàìè. 6. — Îíè æåíàòû? — Íåò, îíè ïðîñòî ïîìîëâëåíû. 7. Íîâîñòü áûëà øîêèðóþùåé. 8. Ìîÿ ìàøèíà ïðîïàëà. ß â øîêå.
9. Ìíå òàê ïðèÿòíî âèäåòü âàñ. 10. Ðåá¸íîê íàïóãàí ýòîé ñîáàêîé. 11. Îí íå áûë ïîäãîòîâëåí ê ýòîìó ýêçàìåíó. 12. Ìíå íàñêó÷èëà ýòà æèçíü.  íåé íåò íè÷åãî âîëíóþùåãî. 13. Ìû çàáëóäèëèñü â ëåñó â÷åðà. 14. Îíà ïîêèíóëà ìåíÿ, è ìî¸ ñåðäöå
ðàçáèòî. 15. Âû îøèáàåòåñü, ýòî íå òàê. 16. Îíà áûëà ïðåäàíà
ñâîåé ñåìüå. 17. Ýòîò ÷åëîâåê óòîíóë äâà ãîäà íàçàä. 18. Óòîïàþùèé çà ñîëîìèíêó õâàòàåòñÿ.
29.3.
Употребите of или from (out of).
1. My sweater is made ...................... wool. 2. These shoes are made
...................... leather. 3. Olive oil is made ...................... olives. 4. Sugar
is made .................... beet. 5. This furniture is made .................... wood.
6. You can get petroleum .................... coal. 7. Chocolate is made
................... coffee, milk, butter and sugar. 8. — What is your jacket
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UNIT 29
made .................... ? — It’s made .................... leather. 9. This cottage
is made .................... brick. 10. — Is your scarf made .................... pure
wool? — No, it’s acrylic. 11. My spoons are made ...................... silver.
12. This medicine is made ...................... snake poison. 13. Yogurt is
made .................... sour cream and different fruits. 14. Oil is made
................... sunflowers. 15. Coffee is made .................... coffee beans.
16. Orange juice is made ...................... oranges. 17. Marmalade is
made ...................... oranges. 18. — What are your earrings made
................... ? — They are made ...................... silver. 19. These blankets are
made ...................... wool. 20. Our office equipment is made ......................
plastic. 21. Sugar on Cuba is made ...................... sugar cane. 22. These
plates and glasses are made ...................... paper. 23. Cornflakes are
made ...................... corn or oats and different fruits and nuts.
29.4.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ñòåêëî äåëàþò èç ïåñêà. 2. Áåíçèí ïîëó÷àþò èç íåôòè.
3. Êîâ¸ð ñäåëàí èç øåðñòè. 4. — Èç ÷åãî ñäåëàíî ýòî êîëüöî? — Èç áåëîãî çîëîòà. 5. Ïîÿñ ñäåëàí èç òêàíè è áóñ (beads).
Îí î÷åíü êðàñèâûé. 6. Ñûð, ìàñëî, ñìåòàíó äåëàþò èç ìîëîêà.
7. Áëóçêà î÷åíü äîðîãàÿ, îíà ñäåëàíà èç ÷èñòîãî ø¸ëêà. 8. Áóìàãó äåëàþò èç äåðåâà. 9. Ìóêó äåëàþò èç çåðíà. 10. Õëîïüÿ
äåëàþò èç ïøåíèöû èëè êóêóðóçû. 11. Ëó÷øèå âèíà äåëàþò
èç âèíîãðàäà. 12. Ýòîò êðåì ñäåëàí (ñîñòîèò) èç ðàçëè÷íûõ
ôðóêòîâ. 13. Çèìíèå âåùè ñëåäóåò äåëàòü èç øåðñòè. 14. Âèñêè — ýòî ñèëüíûé àëêîãîëüíûé íàïèòîê, êîòîðûé äåëàþò èç
çåðíà (corn). 15. Øêàòóëêà ñäåëàíà èç äåðåâà. 16. Øëÿïêà ñäåëàíà èç ñîëîìêè. 17. Ôóòëÿð ñäåëàí èç ïëàñòìàññû. 18. Ñêîâîðîäà ñäåëàíà èç ÷óãóíà (cast iron). 19. Áðþêè ñøèòû èç õëîïêà.
20. Ïàëüòî ñäåëàíî èç êàøåìèðà (cashmere). 21. Êîðàáëè äåëàþò èç æåëåçà. 22. Îôèñíîå îáîðóäîâàíèå îáû÷íî äåëàþò èç
ïëàñòèêà. 23. Ýòî ïëàòüå ñäåëàíî èç êàøåìèðà. 24. Ïî óòðàì
ìåòðî îáû÷íî ïåðåïîëíåíî. 25. ß áåñïîêîþñü î áóäóùåì ìîèõ
äåòåé. 26. Ýòà øóáà ñäåëàíà èç ëèñû. 27. Ìû áûëè óäèâëåíû
òåì, ÷òî áàíê çàêðûò. 28. ß óñòàëà, ÿ èçìó÷åíà, ÿ îáèæåíà.
29. Ñ ìîåé ïðåæíåé æèçíüþ ïîêîí÷åíî. Ìîÿ íîâàÿ æèçíü íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ ïîíåäåëüíèêà. 30. Îíà ðàçî÷àðîâàëàñü â í¸ì, è èõ
ðàçâåëè â ïðîøëîì ãîäó.
Unit
U
n
nit
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30
0
Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ 1
Present Perfect 1
Утвердительная
форма
Вопросительная
форма
I
I
arrived
we
have
We
been
Have
you
You (‘ve)
gone
they
They
He
She
It
has
(‘s)
arrived
Has
been
gone
We’ve just arrived at
the station.
They’ve been here
for a month.
He’s done the task.
he
she
it
Отрицательная
форма
arrived?
been?
gone?
I
We
You
They
have not
(haven’t)
arrived
been
gone
arrived?
been?
gone?
He
She
It
has not
(hasn’t)
arrived
been
gone
Have you just arrived
at the station?
Have you been here
for a month?
Has he already done
the task?
We haven’t arrived at the
station yet.
They haven’t been here for
a month.
He hasn’t done the task yet.
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UNIT 30
Случаи употребления
Примеры
1. Законченное действие, связанное
с настоящим моментом.
I’ve bought a new dictionary.
We’ve just done the work.
2. Действие, выражающее
предшествующий опыт, результат
(положительный или отрицательный).
I have always liked music.
Have you ever been to England?
He has never heard about it.
3. Действие, которое началось
в прошлом, длилось в течение какогото времени и всё ещё продолжается.
С глаголами, не имеющими формы
Continuous: be, have, see, hear, know,
understand, realize, like, hate, love, believe,
own, possess. Употребляется с предлогами
for (для обозначения периода времени)
и since (для обозначения момента,
с которого началось действие).
I have had this dog for two years.
They have been friends all their
lives.
We have known each other since
we met in 2004.
He has been here for three hours.
They have owned this cottage
since they built it.
Обстоятельства времени:
ever, never, just, already, before, always, not... yet, lately, recently, so far, up till now,
for (in) a long time.
already — употребляется в утвердительных и вопросительных предложениях.
I have already done it. I have done it already.
Has he already come? Has he come already?
yet — употребляется в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях, как
правило, в конце предложения.
Have you done it yet (already)?
He hasn’t done it yet. She hasn’t come yet.
30.1. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. Íå has bought a new bike. 2. I’ve sent a letter to my friend.
3. She has made a very bad mistake. 4. The children have gone
to bed. 5. I have seen a mouse in the kitchen. 6. We’ve met our
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Настоящее совершенное время 1
business partners. 7. I’ve lost my student identity card. 8. They
have cleaned their rooms. 9. The tourists have visited the National Gallery. 10. The teacher has checked our tests. 11. Harry has broken his car. 12. I’ve forgotten his phone number.
13. They have left for Rome. 14. Mary has seen this film. 15. We
have read this detective story. 16. He has taken my credit card.
30.2. Употребите already или yet. В некоторых случаях возможны оба варианта.
1. Has your new office furniture arrived ...................... ? 2. I haven’t
met our new secretary ...................... . 3. Have you ...................... finished
breakfast? 4. They haven’t got married ......................, but they have
...................... signed the contract. 5. The film festival hasn’t begun
...................... , but we have bought the tickets ...................... . 6. It has
...................... stopped raining. 7. Has it stopped snowing ...................... ?
8. — I have ...................... paid all my bills. — And I haven’t done
it ...................... . 9. — Have you seen the new movie ...................... ? __
Yes, we have ...................... seen it. 10. Has Michael left for work
...................... ? 11. — I’m half an hour late ...................... — Don’t worry.
The meeting hasn’t started ...................... . 12. — I’ve ...................... had
coffee, thank you. — But you haven’t tasted my apple pie
...................... . 13. So, have you ...................... got those faxes? — Yes,
but we haven’t answered them ...................... 14. — Have you heard
the latest news ...................... ? — Yes, Dick has ...................... told me
about it. 15. — Has she spoken to you ...................... ? — Yes, we’ve
...................... discussed everything.
30.3. A. These are the things which Jessica and Robert have to do before they
leave for their holiday. Write what they have already done and what they
haven’t done yet.
Jessica
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pack suitcase. + ..................................................................................................................
Make bed. + ...........................................................................................................................
Switch off lights. + .........................................................................................................
Water plants. — .................................................................................................................
Have a shower. — ...........................................................................................................
Take the cat to the neighbour. + .......................................................................
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UNIT 30
Robert
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pack suitcase. — ...............................................................................................................
Cancel visits. + ...................................................................................................................
Turn off computer. — ..................................................................................................
Close windows. — ............................................................................................................
Tidy the room. — .............................................................................................................
Wash hair. + .........................................................................................................................
В. Расскажите о делах, которые Вы должны сделать и которые:
à) Âû óæå ñäåëàëè;
á) åù¸ íå ñäåëàëè, íî ñîáèðàåòåñü ñäåëàòü (óòî÷íèòå, êîãäà
èìåííî).
30.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. Jack (pass) the interview and he’s very happy. 2. I’m afraid
the manager not (come) yet. 3. Thank you for everything that
you (do) for us. 4. I already (study) the telexes from Paris and
I (write) the answers. 5. I’m afraid he (forget) that you are
waiting for him. 6. You (have) dinner yet? 7. I not (see) my boss
this week. He (fall ill). 8. They just (call) and (invite) us to lunch.
9. — Where is Mr. Green? — He (go) to the bank. 10. My little
cousin already (learn) to read. 11. No news (come) yet from our
office in London. 12. Someone (eat) all the cakes and I not even
(taste) one! 13. Remember that your children already (grow up).
14. This Hollywood star (live) a long and interesting life. 15. I not
(look through) my favourite magazine yet. 16. My mother
(throw away) the yogurt. It’s too old. 17. I (cut) my finger badly.
It hurts. 18. She already (make) different sandwiches for lunch.
They are on the plates. 19. She (be) very lonely lately. 20. We
not (meet) recently. We (be) very busy lately.
30.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Âû óæå êóïèëè ïîäàðêè ê Ðîæäåñòâó? — Äà, ÿ êóïèëà
âñ¸, ÷òî íóæíî. 2. Ëåòîì ÿ ñîáèðàþñü ïðî÷èòàòü âñå êíèãè, êîòîðûå ïîêà åù¸ íå ïðî÷èòàëà. 3. Ìîÿ ëþáèìàÿ êîøêà òîëüêî ÷òî ðàçáèëà ìîþ ëþáèìóþ ÷àøêó. 4. — Òû ïîëèëà öâå158
Настоящее совершенное время 1
òû? — Íåò åù¸. 5. — Îí ñòàë äðóãèì ÷åëîâåêîì! — Äà, îí
î÷åíü èçìåíèëñÿ! Îí îòðàñòèë áîðîäó. 6. Îíà ïðîæèëà òðóäíóþ, íî èíòåðåñíóþ æèçíü. 7. — Òû ïîìåíÿëà íîìåð òåëåôîíà? — Íåò, ÿ òîëüêî ÷òî ïåðååõàëà íà íîâóþ êâàðòèðó. 8. Ñåãîäíÿ ìû âûó÷èëè äåñÿòü ôðàíöóçñêèõ ñëîâ. 9. — Îíà âûêëþ÷èëà óòþã? — Îíà îïÿòü çàáûëà ýòî ñäåëàòü! 10. Âîò ìîÿ
òåòðàäü. ß èñïðàâèë âñå ñâîè îøèáêè. 11. Îí òîëüêî ÷òî çàêîí÷èë ðàáîòó, âûêëþ÷èë êîìïüþòåð è ñîáèðàåòñÿ èäòè äîìîé. 12. — Îí óæå âûìûë ìàøèíó? — Äà, îí î÷åíü ëþáèò
ñâîþ ìàøèíó è äåëàåò ýòî êàæäûé äåíü. 13. — Âîçüìè çîíòèê, èä¸ò äîæäü. — ß óæå ïîëîæèëà åãî â ñóìêó. 14. — Ïîñìîòðè, ñíåã ïîêðûë âñ¸ âîêðóã. — Äà, íàêîíåö-òî íàñòóïèëà çèìà. 15. — Âû ñäàëè ýêçàìåí? — Âñå ñòóäåíòû ñäàëè, à
Íèíà — íåò. Ìû âîîáùå íå âèäåëè å¸ â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ.
30.6. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. — You (see) the latest video game? — No. I not (see) it yet. I
am not a gameaholic. 2. Sorry, I think I (lose) the file. You (see)
it? — No, I not (see) it. 3. My computer (crash). May I use yours?
4. You’re late. The plane already (take off). 5. Hurrah! We (win)
the match! We’re the champions now. 6. Your taxi just (arrive).
7. I’m afraid Fiona isn’t here. She (leave) the office. 8. — Hi,
John. I not (see) you for ages! — Hi, Ted. I’m sorry that I not
(be) in touch with you recently. I really (be) very busy all this
time. 9. — You (finish) the report yet? — No, I (write) only half
of it. 10. — You (speak) to your parents today? — I just (call)
them. 11. — They (reply) to your email? — Yes, we just (get)
a fax from them. 12. You (see) my mobile? I’m sure I (leave) it
here. 13. They say that this bank (collapse) and many people
(lose) their savings. 14. At last I (do) what I always (want) to
do. 15. Look! It (stop) raining and the sun (come out). 16. Since
October the dollar (fall) by 10 percent against the other main
currencies. 17. — You (change) your mind to go to Italy? — No,
I already (buy) tickets. 18. — Your son (leave) school? — No, he
not (pass) his exams yet.
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Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ 2
Present Perfect 2
31.1. Составьте вопросы, используя следующие слова, согласно образцу и
дайте на них полный ответ.
You, play, football? — Have you ever played football? — I have never
played football.
1. Your friend, invite, his/her house? 2. You, be, the North Pole?
3. She, use, the Internet? 4. You, lose, keys? 5. You, be late,
for the plane? 6. Your son, have, pets? 7. You, write, poems?
8. You, play, music group? 9. You, eat, snakes (frogs, snails, ...)?
10. Your parents, give, good pocket money? 11. You, meet, a
famous person? 12. You, have, a dog or a cat? 13. You, travel,
without a ticket, on public transport? 14. You, win, money, in a
lottery? 15. You, find, some money, on the street? 16. You, see,
a flying saucer? 17. You, ride, a camel or an elephant? 18. Your
father, take you, to a football match? 19. Your mother, grow,
roses? 20. You, be, in the jungle?
31.2. Составьте предложения, используя always и never, согласно образцу.
I, like, him. — I have always liked him. (Dzȑ Ȑȑȉ ȆȕȉȇȈȄ ȑȔȄȆȌȏȕȣ).
She has never liked him. (Dzȑ ȉȍ ȑȌȎȒȇȈȄ ȑȉ ȑȔȄȆȌȏȕȣ).
1. Íå, want, be, an astronaut. 2. She, like, English. 3. Women,
be interested in fashion. 4. You, want to live in your own flat.
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5. My brother, try, to become famous. 6. This actor, be popular.
7. I, never, love, chocolate. 8. That doctor, have, a lot of patients.
9. Winters, be cold, in Russia. 10. The climate, be changeable,
in England. 11. I, want, to teach people. 12. My mother, like, to
cook pizza. 13. My friends and I, dream of Africa. 14. My sister,
like, bright colours. 15. My cat, not catch, mice. 16. I, be interested, in computers. 17. My brother, be, a football fan. 18. I, not
like, noisy parties.
31.3. Употребите gone или been, согласно образцу:
You can·t see her now. She·s gone out. (ǩȤ ȋȈȉȕȠ ȑȉȖ. DzȑȄ ȗȜȏȄ).
She is here. She·s just been to the café. (DzȑȄ ȋȈȉȕȠ. DzȑȄ ȖȒȏȠȎȒ țȖȒ
ȅȟȏȄ Ȇ ȎȄȘȉ).
1. My parents have just come back. They have ...................... to
Italy. 2. The chief is here now. He has ...................... at a conference.
3. — Isn’t Kate here? — No, she has ...................... home already.
4. — Where have you ...................... ? — I have ...................... to the
library. 5. You won’t be able to speak to the Minister. He has
...................... to the Parliament. 6. — Have you ever ...................... to
Brazil? — No, never, but my friends have just ...................... there.
7. I know London well. I have ...................... there many times.
8. There is a new shop on our street, but I haven’t ......................
there yet. 9. Where has the manager ...................... ? I’m waiting
for him. 10. — How long has this client ...................... here? — But
he has already ...................... away. 11. My friends aren’t in Moscow
at the moment. They have ...................... to the country. 12. I’m
happy to see you. I know that you have ...................... away. 13. This
detective doesn’t live here any longer. He has ...................... away.
14. Sorry that I kept you waiting. I have ...................... to the bank.
15. Susan has ...................... to a party, call her tomorrow.
31.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — ß áûë â Àíãëèè äâà ðàçà. À âû òàì áûëè êîãäà-íèáóäü? — ß òîëüêî ÷òî áûë íà Áðèòàíñêèõ îñòðîâàõ. 2. — Òû
âñåãäà áûë òàêîé ðàññåÿííûé? — Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, äà. 3. — Äåòè,
âû ñíÿëè îáóâü? — ß ñíÿë, à Ìàøà — íåò. Îíà îïÿòü çàáûëà ïðî ýòî. 4. Îí íèêîãäà â æèçíè íå ìûë ïîñóäó. Îí âî161
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îáùå âñþ æèçíü áûë ëåíèâûé. 5. — Ïî÷åìó îí íå ïîçâîíèë
ìíå? — Îí òîëüêî ÷òî óëåòåë â Øòàòû. 6. — Âû êîãäà-íèáóäü âèäåëè îëåíåé â ëåñó? — ß íå âèäåë, à ìîé îòåö âèäåë
ïðîøëûì ëåòîì. 7. — Âû ñëûøàëè ïîñëåäíèå íîâîñòè? Îíè
èíòåðåñíûå? — Íåò, ÿ èõ åù¸ íå ñëûøàë. 8. Ïðèøëà îñåíü.
Ìíå íèêîãäà íå íðàâèëîñü ýòî âðåìÿ ãîäà. 9. Îí åù¸ íå ïðèáûë. Áîþñü, ÷òî ÷òî-òî ñëó÷èëîñü. Îí íèêîãäà â ñâîåé æèçíè
íå îïàçäûâàë. 10. Òåïåðü ÿ ïîíèìàþ, êàê ñèëüíî ÿ ïî âàì ñîñêó÷èëñÿ. Ãäå âû áûëè âñ¸ ýòî âðåìÿ? 11. — Âû êîãäà-íèáóäü
îòäûõàëè çà ãðàíèöåé? — Íåò, âåäü ÿ ñòóäåíò, íî ÿ âñåãäà
õîòåë óâèäåòü ìèð. 12. Åìó íèêîãäà íå íðàâèëàñü ÿïîíñêàÿ
åäà. Îí å¸ òåðïåòü íå ìîæåò. 13. — Êòî çíàåò àäðåñ Áîðèñà? — Íèêòî íå çíàåò, îí òîëüêî ÷òî ïåðååõàë íà íîâóþ êâàðòèðó, è ÿ íå âèäåë åãî â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ. Äàâàéòå ïîçâîíèì
åãî ìàìå. 14. — Ýòî ìîé ñûí. — ß òàê äàâíî åãî íå âèäåë. Ãäå
îí áûë âñ¸ ýòî âðåìÿ? — Îí áûë â Àìåðèêå. 15. Æèçíü òàê
ñèëüíî èçìåíèëàñü! Êîìïüþòåðû, ñîòîâûå òåëåôîíû, Èíòåðíåò ñòàëè ÷àñòüþ íàøåé æèçíè.
31.5. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. You ever (speak) in front of a large audience? 2. I never (be)
in Africa, but my friend just (come) back from there. 3. They
(be) partners for many years but they never (trust) each other.
4. You ever (ride) a motorbike? 5. Let’s talk, we never (discuss)
such matters seriously. 6. We never (meet) better people than
you are! You are the best! 7. You ever (travel) in the mountains?
8. I never (grow) roses in my garden. 9. — You (try) this pie?
I (cook) it myself! — I never (taste) anything more delicious.
10. We are a team. We never (let down) one another. 11. I (learn)
a lot in the last months. 12. — Just listen! She (fall in love)! —
Who with? 13. — You ever (rest) on Cyprus? — Yes, I (be)
on this island three times. 14. — Where Jane (go)? I need her
badly. 15. She (be married) four times and now she’s getting
married again. 16. I know London well. I (be) there many times.
17. — You (buy) a new iPhone? — Yes, but I not (use) it yet.
18. The hall is empty. I wonder where all the people (go)? —
They (go) out to meet the quests.
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Present Perfect 3
32.1. Распределите следующие слова и фразы в соответствующие две колонки.
last Sunday; yesterday; a fortnight; September; Saturday night;
a few days; I was 20; ages; a few hours; three years; 2003;
last month; ever; a week; lunchtime; a long time; Christmas;
10 years; 12:30; a few minutes
We have been here
Example
for
a few days
....................................................
....................................................
since
2003
....................................................
....................................................
32.2. Употребите for или since.
1. Mrs. Honey has been a teacher ...................... thirteen years.
2. My father has had this car ...................... half a year. 3. We have
known each other ...................... 2004. 4. I haven’t heard from her
...................... a long time. 5. They haven’t had news from home
...................... May. 6. The astronauts have been in space ......................
a year already. 7. She has had a toothache ...................... morning.
8. Mr. and Mrs. Parker have been married ...................... ten years.
9. The tourists have been in Russia ...................... a week. 10. He has
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loved her ...................... he first saw her. 11. She has been interested
in Art ...................... she visited Paris. 12. Dick has been able to
count and read ...................... he was three years old. 13. He hasn’t
been anywhere ...................... he got into hospital. 14. I have known
her ...................... my babyhood. 15. He has been in this business
...................... he came back from the Army. 16. He has owned this
firm ...................... ten years.
32.3. Составьте вопросы, используя How long...? Ответьте на них, используя
for или since.
1. know your best friend? (two years). 2. have a computer?
(last year). 3. play the guitar? (a few years). 4. live in this city?
(childhood). 5. be interested in girls/boys? (fourteen years)
6. be a reporter? (graduate from University). 7. be in love?
(first meet). 8. have problems with your children? (become
teenagers). 9. own this dacha? (1970). 10. there be mice in the
shop? (autumn). 11. want to be a doctor? (a long time). 12. be
interested in computer technology? (last year). 13. wear glasses?
(six years). 14. be angry with each other? (a week). 15. be in this
country? (last Monday). 16. have a boyfriend? (several months).
17. there be a karaoke club here? (last winter).
32.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. Íå (be) unwell since he (catch) a bad cold. 2. We not (meet)
since she (emigrate) 3. Mr. Stone (be) with the company since
1995. 4. I not (have) a rest since I (begin) working on this project. 5. We (know) each other since we (be) kids. 6. I not (be) in
London for a long time. 7. My friends (own) this house since
they (move) to the country. 8. She (make) good progress since
she (begin) to work. 9. We (be) in the library since ten o’clock
but we not (find) the necessary books yet. 10. Life (change)
greatly for her since she (get) married. 11. We not (hear) from
them since they (fly) to New York. 12. — You (be) friends since
you (enter) the University? — No, we (be) friends since we (be)
at school. 13. I (have) a room of my own since we (get) a bigger
flat two years ago. 14. Life (become) more difficult since this
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war (start). 15. The little girl (be) very happy since she (get)
that doll. 16. You (be) kind and helpful to us ever since you
(come) to live in our little town.
32.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ß â óíèâåðñèòåòå ñ óòðà, ó íàñ áûëî äâà çàíÿòèÿ, îäèí ñåìèíàð, íî ëåêöèè ïîêà íå áûëî. 2. Îíè ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïàðòí¸ðàìè ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê (îíè) îñíîâàëè ýòó ôèðìó. 3. Ïðîøëî ìíîãî ëåò ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê ìû âñòðåòèëèñü. 4. ß óæå íåñêîëüêî ëåò
íå áûë íà ׸ðíîì ìîðå. 5. Êàíèêóëû òîëüêî ÷òî çàêîí÷èëèñü,
è ÿ ïîíèìàþ, êàê ñèëüíî ñîñêó÷èëàñü ïî ñòóäåí÷åñêîé æèçíè. 6. Ìàøèíà íå â ïîðÿäêå ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê òû áðàë å¸ íà ïðîøëîé íåäåëå. ×òî òû ñäåëàë ñ íåé? 7. Ëþäè â ïîëå ñ òåõ ïîð,
êàê âñòàëî ñîëíöå. 8. Ó ìåíÿ ýòè ÷àñû óæå äåñÿòü ëåò, è îíè
íè ðàçó íå îñòàíîâèëèñü. 9. ß ìíîãî ðàç ÷èòàëà ýòó êíèãó
è ñîáèðàþñü ïðî÷èòàòü å¸ åù¸ ðàç. Îíà ìíå î÷åíü íðàâèòñÿ.
10. Îí ñòàë î÷åíü àãðåññèâíûì ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê ïîòåðÿë ðàáîòó. 11. ß íè÷åãî ñ óòðà íå åë, îäíàêî âûïèë äâå ÷àøêè êîôå.
12. — Òû ñúåë ÿáëîêè, êîòîðûå áðàë ñ ñîáîé â øêîëó? — Äà,
ÿ èõ ñúåë âî âðåìÿ ïåðåðûâà. 13. Åñëè âû âûìûëè ðóêè, äåòè,
ñàäèòåñü çà ñòîë. Áóäåì ïèòü ÷àé. 14. Íèêòî íå âèäåë ìîé ìîáèëüíûé òåëåôîí? Âåäü îí áûë íà ñòîëå ìèíóòó íàçàä. 15. —
ß íàøëà ïàïêó, êîòîðàÿ òåáå íóæíà. — Ãäå òû íàøëà å¸? —
Îíà áûëà â ÿùèêå ñòîëà. 16. Âàø àíãëèéñêèé çàìåòíî óëó÷øèëñÿ (to improve) ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê ÿ ñëûøàë âàñ â ÿíâàðå.
17. Îíè íèãäå íå áûëè ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê ó íèõ ïîÿâèëñÿ ðåá¸íîê.
18. Öåíû î÷åíü âûðîñëè çà ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ. 19. Ïîêà ÷òî ÿ íå
î÷åíü-òî ìíîãî ñäåëàë, ÷òîáû ïîìî÷ü òåáå. 20. Ýòî êíèãè, êîòîðûå ó ìåíÿ óæå ëåò äâàäöàòü. 21. Íè÷åãî ïîäîáíîãî ñî ìíîé
ðàíüøå íå ñëó÷àëîñü. 22. Çäåñü î÷åíü äàâíî íå áûëî äîæäÿ.
23. Ñ òåõ ïîð êàê ÿ ñëîìàë ðóêó, ÿ óæå íå â ñîñòîÿíèè èãðàòü
â òåííèñ. 24. Ó ìåíÿ íèêîãäà íå áûëî ïðîáëåì ñ ìîèìè äåòüìè
è íàäåþñü, ÷òî èõ íå áóäåò. 25. Âû ïîêà íå îáúÿñíèëè íàì, çà÷åì ïðèøëè ñþäà è ÷òî âàì íóæíî.
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Present Perfect
Past Simple
Выражает законченное действие,
связанное с настоящим моментом.
Употребляется со следующими
словами: just, already, recently,
lately, still, yet, never, ever, so far,
until, up till now.
Выражает законченные действия или
события в прошлом.
Употребляется со следующими
словами: ago, just now, yesterday,
last..., the day before yesterday, the
other day (на днях).
Сравните:
She has just called me.
I have already done it.
We have met a few times.
It has just happened.
She called me just now.
I did it yesterday.
We met last year.
It happened long ago.
1. В вопросах, начинающихся с when, употребляется только Past Simple.
When did you do it? When did it happen?
2. В специальных вопросах, начинающихся с Where, How, Who, What, Why,
What ... for, возможны оба времени:
Why have you done it? — Why did you do it?
3. Co словами today, this week (month, year, ...) возможны оба времени.
Сравните:
Did you read the paper this morning?
(Сейчас уже не утро, важен факт.)
Have you read the paper this morning?
(Сейчас ещё утро, важен результат.)
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33.1. Употребите глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect или Past Simple.
1. — When you (be) at the theatre last? — I (go) there two
weeks ago. 2. — You ever (be) at the Bolshoi Theatre? — No, I
not (be) there yet. 3. The Chinese (invent) many useful things.
4. Just listen to him! He again (invent) another story. 5. My boss
just (offer) me another job. 6. I can’t find my new disc. I’m
afraid I (lose) it. 7. I was very much upset when I (lose) my new
mobile phone. 8. They (get married) in Las Vegas. 9. They are
very happy. They just (get married). 10. She (go) out an hour
ago and not (come) back yet. 11. He not (be) at work yesterday.
He (be) unwell. 12. He not (come) to work today. He (be) unwell
lately. 13. I (speak) to him the other day. 14. I not (speak) to him
today. 15. It (happen) many years ago. 16. Nothing (change) in
my life recently. 17. My secretary (call) me just now. 18. You not
(make) any progress so far. 19. Life (be) kind to me up till now.
20. Life (be) hard for him when he was a child.
33.2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. When and where were you born? 2. When did you move
to Moscow (or to the area where you live now)? 3. When did
you begin to walk and to speak? 4. When did you go to school?
Who was your first teacher? 5. When did you first fall in love?
6. When did you first see the sea? Where was it? 7. When did you
start learning English? 8. When did you enter the University?
9. When was the last time you went to the circus? 10. When
was your last visit to the theatre? 11. When did you last go
shopping? 12. When was the last time you went to a party?
13. When did you last talk frankly to your parents? 14. When
did you last have a holiday?
33.3. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. She is an intelligent girl, but she not (read) a book since she
(leave) school. 2. I (buy) an electronic organizer today, and I just
(type) my personal data into it. 3. Her solo album already (sell)
a million copies. She is happy. 4. This doctor’s methods (show)
good results recently. 5. So much (happen) since I last (see) you.
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6. — You ever (be) in Norway? — Yes, I (go) there on business
last year. 7. — You (miss) a lecture recently? — I (miss) one a
week ago. 8. Success not (spoil) her. She simply (become) more
sure of herself. 9. I (have) a video for some years but I not
(manage) to learn the instructions. 10. We not (have fun) for
a long time. We (have) our last party a month ago. 11. — How
long Lucy (have) problems with her back? — It first (start) last
year. 12. We (be engaged) since we (leave) high school. 13. —
You always (have) a dog? — I (have) it for the last six years.
14. — Guess what I (decide) to do! — I can’t guess. What? —
I (decide) to start my own business. — When you (decide) to do
it? — I (think) about it just now. 15. It not (rain) here for a very
long time. 16. Yesterday all your troubles (seem) so far away.
Today the thieves (take) your car away!
33.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — ×òî âû ñêàçàëè? — ß íè÷åãî íå ãîâîðèë. 2. — Ïî÷åìó
òû ñäåëàë ýòî? — ß íå ìîãó ñêàçàòü òåáå. 3. — Êàê ýòî ñëó÷èëîñü? — ß íè÷åãî íå ïîìíþ. 4. — Êòî ïðèãëàñèë òåáÿ íà
âå÷åð? — Îäèí èç ìîèõ äðóçåé. 5. Ãäå âû âïåðâûå âñòðåòèëèñü? 6. — Êòî ïîäàðèë òåáå ýòè ÷óäåñíûå öâåòû? — Ìîé
äðóã. 7. ×òî ïðîèçîøëî â÷åðà âå÷åðîì? 8. Ïî÷åìó âû íå áûëè
íà ðàáîòå â ïðîøëóþ ïÿòíèöó? 9. Êàêóþ èç ýòèõ äâóõ òåì òû
âûáðàë íàêîíåö? 10. Äëÿ ÷åãî òû íà÷àë ýòîò ðàçãîâîð? 11. Ïî÷åìó òû íå ïîçâîíèëà ìíå â÷åðà? ß äîëãî æäàë. 12. Êòî ðàçáèë îêíî? Êòî ýòî ñäåëàë? 13. Íà ýòîé íåäåëå ÿ íå âñòðå÷àëñÿ
ñî ñâîèìè äðóçüÿìè. 14.  ýòîì ìåñÿöå ÿ íå êóïèëà ñåáå íè÷åãî íîâîãî. 15.  ýòîì ãîäó ïðîèçîøëî ìíîãî ñîáûòèé. 16. ß òàê
äàâíî íå ÷èòàë íè÷åãî èíòåðåñíîãî! 17. ß äàâíî ÷èòàëà ýòîò
ðîìàí, ÿ äàæå íå ïîìíþ àâòîðà. 18. Ìû çäåñü óæå î÷åíü äàâíî. Ïîðà åõàòü äîìîé. 19. Ìû áûëè â Ñî÷è ìíîãî ëåò íàçàä.
Ñ òåõ ïîð ãîðîä î÷åíü èçìåíèëñÿ. 20. Ìû âñòðåòèëèñü äàâíî
è ñ òåõ ïîð äðóæèì. Íî ìû óæå äàâíî íå âèäåëèñü, ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëãîäà. Âñå òàê çàíÿòû. 21. — Êóäà òû ïîëîæèëà ìîé
ïàñïîðò? — ß åãî íå âèäåë. 22. — Êóäà òû õîäèë? — ß áûë â
ñòîëîâîé. 23. Êóäà îíà óøëà? Îíà ìíå î÷åíü íóæíà.
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Íàñòîÿùåå ñîâåðøåííîå
ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ
Present Perfect Progressive
(Continuous)
Утвердительная
форма
I
We
You
They
He
She
It
Вопросительная
форма
I
been
we
been
have (’ve)
Have
living
you living ...?
they
has (’s)
been
Has
living
I’ve been living in
Moscow for twenty years.
He has been working
since nine o’clock.
he
she
it
been
living ...?
Have you been living
in Moscow for twenty
years?
Has he been working
since nine o’clock?
Отрицательная
форма
I
We
You
They
have not been
(haven’t) living
He
She
It
has not
(hasn’t)
been
living
I haven’t been living
in Moscow for twenty
years.
He hasn’t been working
since nine o’clock.
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UNIT 34
Случаи употребления
Примеры
1. Действие, которое началось в
прошлом, длилось в течение какогото времени и всё ещё продолжается.
(Переводится на русский язык глаголами
несовершенного вида в настоящем
времени.)
I’ve been learning to drive a car
for a month. (учусь)
How long has he been studying
Chinese? (изучает)
Have you been waiting for me for
a long time? (ждешь)
2. Действие, которое началось в
прошлом, продолжалось какойто период времени, только что
закончилось и результат этого действия
очевиден. (Переводится на русский
язык глаголами несовершенного вида
в прошедшем времени.)
— Why are your boots so dirty?
— I’ve been playing football.
(играл)
He looks tired, he has been
running fast. (бежал)
34.1. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. It has been raining for a week already. 2. Clients have been
waiting for the manager since morning. 3. The baby has been
crying for an hour already. 4. I’ve been living next door to Alice
for five years. 5. She has been waiting for this moment all her
life. 6. He has been drinking again! 7. They’ve been discussing
the plan for hours. 8. Students have been smoking in this room.
9. The detective has been watching the house for the last few
days. 10. The young people have been dating for half a year
already. 11. The secretary has been checking the e-mail since
she came to the office. 12. She has been speaking on the phone
all the morning. 13. The boys have been fighting again! 14. The
sun has been shining all day long today.
34.2.
Ответьте на следующие вопросы. Используйте слова-подсказки согласно образцу.
— How long have you been waiting? (two hours)
— I have been waiting for two hours.
1. How long has the phone been ringing? (ten minutes) 2. How
long have we been driving? (six hours) 3. How long has she been
170
Настоящее совершенное продолженное время
looking forward to this chance? (all her life) 4. How long have
your parents been living on Baker Street? (1980) 5. How long
have they been building the ring-road? (several years) 6. How
long has it been snowing? (last night) 7. How long have you
been having problems with your teeth? (school) 8. How long
has your friend been resting in the South? (...) 9. How long have
people been queuing outside the theatre? (six o’clock) 10. How
long have you been feeling bad? (yesterday morning) 11. How
long has your friend been listening to this loud music? (all day
long) 12. How long has Vladimir been working at this office?
(two years)
34.3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. How long have you been living in this city? 2. How long have
you been a student and how long have you been studying in
this group? 3. Have you been studying English for a long time?
4. How long have you been writing this test? 5. How many
days have you been staying in this hotel? 6. How long have you
been sorting out the mail today? 7. How long have you been
babysitting? 8. Have you been doing this work for a long time?
9. How long have you been smoking? 10. How long have you
been wearing these boots? 11. How long have you been working
on the computer? 12. What has your mother just been cooking?
34.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. — You (be) partners? — Yes, we (found) this company ten
years ago and since then we (work) together. 2. I (think) about
it all day long today and I just (make) a decision. 3. — You
ever (do) such work? — Yes, I (do) it since I left the college.
4. I’m afraid you not (be able) to drive the car. You (drink)!
5. — Where I (leave) my mobile phone?! — But you just (speak)
on it. 6. — How long he (have) this computer? — He (buy) it
two years ago. 7. — Where is Olga? — She (fall ill). She (catch
a cold) two days ago and now she (feel) really bad. 8. — The
information (come) just now. It (be) very important. We (wait)
for it since yesterday. 9. — You (hungry)? — No, I just (have)
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UNIT 34
lunch. 10. He (be) very busy lately. In fact, he (work) all round
the clock in the last two months. 11. At last I (find) the site I
(look) for since morning! 12. You (work) in the garden too long
today. Let’s go into the house and have a nice cup of tea. And
I (bring) some tasty cakes for you. 13. — You (live) a happy
life? — I think so, as all my life I (do) only what I wanted.
14. He (try) to start his bike for half an hour already but so far
he not (manage) to do it. 15. — Why you (open) the window
while I was out? — I (want) to air the room. 16. — Why you
(open) the window? I’m cold. Will you close it?
34.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îíè îáñóæäàþò ýòîò âîïðîñ î÷åíü äàâíî, íî ïîêà íè÷åãî
íå ðåøèëè. 2. Ìû íå âñòðå÷àëèñü ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê îí óåõàë â
Ëîíäîí. Íî âñ¸ ýòî âðåìÿ ìû ïåðåïèñûâàåìñÿ. 3. — Ïî÷åìó
òâîè âîëîñû ìîêðûå? — ß ïëàâàëà. 4. Ãäå ìîè î÷êè? Ãäå ÿ
èõ îïÿòü îñòàâèëà? Íó ïî÷åìó ÿ èõ âñ¸ âðåìÿ òåðÿþ? 5. Ïîëèöèÿ ñëåäèò çà íèì âîò óæå íåñêîëüêî äíåé è ñîáèðàåòñÿ
àðåñòîâàòü åãî. 6. — ß çäåñü óæå ïîë÷àñà. À òû ãäå áûë? —
ß áûë â ëàáîðàòîðèè. 7. Ó íåãî ìàëåíüêèé áèçíåñ. Îí ó íåãî
óæå íåñêîëüêî ëåò. 8. — Òû ïðî÷èòàë èíñòðóêöèþ ê òåëåôîíó? — Äà, ÿ ñäåëàë ýòî ìèíóòó íàçàä. 9. Ìû òîëüêî ÷òî
áûëè â çîîìàãàçèíå (petshop) è íàêóïèëè ìíîãî åäû íàøåé
ñîáàêå. 10. — Ïîñìîòðè! Êîðîáêà ïóñòàÿ. Êòî-òî ñúåë âñå êîíôåòû! — Ýòî òî÷íî Ëèçà. Îíà âñåãäà áûëà ëþáèòåëüíèöåé
øîêîëàäà. — À ÿ íè îäíîé êîíôåòêè íå ïîïðîáîâàëà. 11. Îíà
ðàññòðîåíà. Îíà òîëüêî ÷òî áûëà â áàíêå, íî å¸ äåíüãè åù¸ íå
ïðèøëè. 12. — Ïðîñòè ìåíÿ! — Óæå ïðîñòèëà è âñ¸ çàáûëà.
13. — Òû æó¸øü âñ¸ òî âðåìÿ, ÷òî ìû ñ òîáîé ðàçãîâàðèâàåì. Òû íå ñëûøàë, ÷òî ýòî âðåäíî (ïëîõî)? — Äà, ýòî ïëîõàÿ
ïðèâû÷êà. 14. — Âû ñëûøàëè ïîñëåäíèå íîâîñòè? — Íó à êòî
æå èõ íå ñëûøàë? Âñå óæå çíàþò èõ. 15. — Òû êîãäà-íèáóäü
ïûòàëàñü áðîñèòü (give up) êóðèòü? — ß ìíîãî ðàç ïûòàëàñü
ñäåëàòü ýòî, íî ïîêà ìíå íå óäàëîñü ñäåëàòü ýòî. 16. — È êàê
äàâíî âñ¸ ýòî ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ? — Ýòî âñ¸ íà÷àëîñü â ïðîøëîì
ãîäó.
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Èìÿ ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå
The Adjective
Форма
Степень
сравнения Положительная
Positive
Сравнительная
Comparative
Превосходная
Superative
Синтетическая
(одно- и двусложные
прилагательные)
-er, -est
nice
hot
long
happy
nicer
hotter
longer
happier
nicest
hottest
longest
happiest
Аналитическая
(многосложные
прилагательные)
more, most
interesting
beautiful
comfortable
serious
more interesting
more beautiful
more comfortable
more serious
most interesting
most beautiful
most comfortable
most serious
Примечание. Прилагательные angry, clever, common, cruel, friendly,
gentle, handsome, narrow, pleasant, polite, quiet, simple могут иметь как синтетические, так и аналитические формы степеней сравнения.
simpler
simplest
more simple
most simple
handsomer
handsomest
more handsome
most handsome
simple
handsome
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UNIT 35
1. Перед существительным, определяемым прилагательным в превосходной
степени, как правило, употребляется определённый артикль.
She is the tallest girl in our class.
He is the most serious boy in my group.
2. Следующие прилагательные не имеют степеней сравнения, так как выражают абсолютную степень качества:
woollen, golden, wooden, American, Russian, Italian, weekly, daily, middle, dead, pregnant, left, right, empty, perfect, square, round, medical, full,
unique
3. При сравнении двух лиц или предметов употребляется сравнительная
степень. Сравните:
Of the two books this one is more interesting.
Dick is the taller of the two brothers.
Положительная
степень
Сравнительная
степень
Превосходная
степень
good
bad
little
much
many
better
worse
less
best
worst
least
more
most
It’s a good day today.
The weather is better
today.
He makes less progress
in his study than his
friend.
They have more time
in summer than in winter.
It’s the best day in the
whole summer.
He has made the least
progress in the group.
He makes little progress
in his study.
Children have much
free time in summer.
174
Most of his time is spent
on working.
Имя прилагательное
Употребительные выражения:
— to change for the worse (for the better) — меняться к худшему (к лучшему);
— to do one’s best — сделать всё возможное;
— to be of the same age — быть одного возраста.
35.1. Дайте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных.
Able, bright, cool, cold, dark, careful, clever, big, early, bad,
high, hot, funny, famous, important, serious, pretty, busy, wise,
comfortable, interesting, difficult, small, happy, polite, delicious,
tasty, cheap, expensive, weird.
35.2. Напишите слова с противоположным значением.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
old ......................................................
full .....................................................
sour ...................................................
short .................................................
right .................................................
left .....................................................
poor ...................................................
noisy .................................................
narrow ...........................................
long ...................................................
low .....................................................
heavy ...............................................
first ...................................................
fat .......................................................
fast ....................................................
dry .....................................................
dangerous ....................................
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
beautiful ............................................
many ....................................................
hard .......................................................
much ....................................................
little .......................................................
bad .........................................................
cheap ....................................................
simple ..................................................
early ......................................................
sad ..........................................................
stupid ...................................................
modern ...............................................
private ................................................
weak .....................................................
sick .........................................................
kind .......................................................
easy .......................................................
35.3. Употребите правильную форму слов в скобках.
1. Today people seldom write letters. It’s (easy) to phone. 2. — Do
you feel (good) now than yesterday? — No, I am feeling much
(bad). 3. France is (big) than England. 4. She’s (beautiful) girl he
175
UNIT 35
has ever met. 5. My flat isn’t big. I’d like to have a (big) one. 6. It
was (cold) yesterday than it is today. 7. Our climate is getting
(warm) and (warm). 8. It was (bad) mistake I’ve ever made in
my life. 9. Who is (important) person in your life? 10. She is
(clever) than her sister. 11. This actor looks much (young) in life
than on TV. 12. Let’s move to the sitting-room. It’s (light) there.
13. He is (smart) man in the world and she is (kind) woman
of all. 14. What is (good) film you’ve ever seen? 15. You’ll live
(long) if you eat (little). 16. This computer is (expensive) than
that one. 17. The English language is (easy) than the German
language. 18. My life now is (interesting) than it used to be.
19. Cats are (easy) to keep than dogs. 20. It was (difficult) exam
I had ever taken. 21. People live much (long) nowadays than
they used to.
35.4. Дайте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных.
Angry, fast, shy, simple, accurate, neat, sweet, aggressive,
resilient, exciting, charming, tough, tidy, sour, common, thrilling,
boring, loyal, lazy, tolerant, talkative, careless, attractive,
competent, cute.
35.5. Дополните следующие предложения.
1. The sooner ... . 2. The more you work, ... . 3. The harder you
study, ... . 4. The longer I stay here, ... . 5. The more serious you
are, ... . 6. The faster the car, ... . 7. The warmer the weather,
... . 8. The longer the night, ... . 9. The busier he is, ... . 10. The
younger you are, ... . 11. The older you are, ... . 12. The bigger the
house, ... . 13. The more money you earn, ... . 14. The heavier the
traffic, ... . 15. The more you learn, ... .
35.6. Дополните следующие предложения необходимыми по смыслу словами из правой колонки.
1.
2.
3.
4.
176
It’s as easy as
I am as free today as
She was as happy as
He was as busy as
a.
b.
ñ.
d.
a bee
a rest
snow
the world
Имя прилагательное
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
A change is as good as
It was as black as
She was as white as
He is as slow as
It’s as old as
She is as pretty as
He is as drunk as
This man is as brave as
It’s as safe as
He is as obstinate as
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
a calendar picture
a lord
the wind
a soldier (a lion)
the Bank of England
ABC; 1, 2, 3
a donkey
a child
night
a tortoise
35.7. Употребите as или than.
1. The test isn’t ...................... difficult ...................... it seems. 2. He
doesn’t earn ...................... much money ...................... she does. 3. She
earns more ...................... he does. 4. He is more lucky ...................... I am.
5. I’ve known them longer ...................... you. 6. Moscow is bigger
...................... St. Petersburg. 7. She doesn’t know English ......................
well ...................... he does. 8. This site is more interesting ......................
that one. 9. Better late ...................... never. 10. I don’t know business
...................... well ...................... they do. 11. You eat more ...................... is
necessary for you. 12. The weather is worse today ...................... it
was yesterday. 13. The film isn’t ...................... good ...................... the
book. 14. We don’t travel ...................... often ...................... our friends.
15. My life is more interesting now ...................... it was some years
ago. 16. People in Japan live longer ...................... anywhere else in
the world.
35.8. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Íîâûé ãîä — ñàìûé çàìå÷àòåëüíûé ïðàçäíèê â ãîäó.
2. Êíèãà — ñàìûé õîðîøèé ïîäàðîê. 3. ×åì ñêîðåå òû ïîêèíåøü ñòðàíó, òåì ëó÷øå. 4. Ýòî ñàìûé âîñõèòèòåëüíûé ïèðîã, êîòîðûé ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî åë. 5. ×åì áîëüøå ÿ äóìàþ îá ýòîì,
òåì ìåíüøå ïîíèìàþ ýòî. 6. Íåò íè÷åãî ëó÷øå, ÷åì ÷àøå÷êà ãîðÿ÷åãî øîêîëàäà. 7. Ïîñòàðàéòåñü ñäåëàòü ñâîé äîêëàä
êàê ìîæíî êîðî÷å. 8. Äëÿ íåãî íåò íè÷åãî âàæíåå, ÷åì åãî êàðüåðà. 9. Èç äâóõ áðàòüåâ Ãåíðè áîëåå óìíûé. 10. Ì¸ä — ñà177
UNIT 35
ìûé ñëàäêèé ïðîäóêò. 11. Êàêîå èç ýòèõ äâóõ ëåêàðñòâ áîëåå ýôôåêòèâíî? 12. ×åì áîëüøå ëþäåé ïðèä¸ò íà âå÷åð, òåì
ëó÷øå. 13. ×åì ìåíüøå òû áóäåøü çíàòü, òåì ëó÷øå. 14. Îí
íå òàêîé óìíûé, êàê òû äóìàåøü. 15. Ðóññêèé ÿçûê ãîðàçäî òðóäíåå, ÷åì àíãëèéñêèé. 16. Íàøà íîâàÿ ìàøèíà ãîðàçäî áîëüøå è äîðîæå, ÷åì ñòàðàÿ. 17. Ýòî ñàìîå ìåíüøåå, ÷òî ÿ
ìîãó ñäåëàòü äëÿ âàñ. 18. Ýòî áûë ñàìûé ïëîõîé äåíü â ìîåé
æèçíè. 19. Ìîÿ ïîäðóãà ÷àñòî îáúÿñíÿåò ìíå ãðàììàòè÷åñêèå
ïðàâèëà, òàê êàê ÿ çíàþ ãðàììàòèêó ãîðàçäî õóæå, ÷åì îíà.
Ýòî ìî¸ ñàìîå ñëàáîå ìåñòî.
35.9.
Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Объясните употребление степеней сравнения прилагательных.
1. Universities try to select the most able pupils. 2. Matilda was
the brightest pupil in her class. 3. You know that everything
looks better in the morning. So you must sleep on it. 4. The
weatherman says that the weather is again changing for the
worse. 5. She is talking into the smallest mobile phone. 6. He
looked like the handsomest man she’d ever seen in her life.
7. It’s the weirdest thing I’ve ever heard. 8. I think that the less
they know the less they have to worry about. 9. The sooner you
forget it the better. 10. This is the oldest untruth in the book of
Lies. 11. They had a late lunch with cheese, delicate blinis with
the finest caviar. 12. The child behaved in the most impossible
way. 13. I’m happier now than I’ve ever been in my life. 14. It’s
more difficult to find a good job now than it was twenty years
ago. 15. You are the cleverest man in Oxford and the laziest. If
you’re not careful, you’ll end up in Parliament. 16. The grass is
always greener on the other side of the road. («Ó äðóãèõ âñåãäà
âñ¸ ëó÷øå».) 17. The more I know people, the more I like dogs,
(àíãëèéñêàÿ ïîñëîâèöà).
35.10. Обсудите следующие темы.
1. Your best friend. 2. Your proudest achievement. 3. Your
greatest regret and disappointment. 4. Your strongest belief.
5. Your most important decision. 6. Your biggest inspiration.
7. Your most memorable dream. 8. The most important lesson
178
Имя прилагательное
life has taught you. 9. The best year of your life. 10. The person you admire most. 11. The thing that interests you most in
people. 12. The last time you fell in love. 13. The three most important people in your life. 14. The most courageous act you’ve
ever made. 15. The three most important principles which you
follow.
35.11. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ôàêñ — ñàìîå ýôôåêòèâíîå ñðåäñòâî îáùåíèÿ. 2. Íàø ãîðîä ñòàíîâèòñÿ âñ¸ áîëåå êðàñèâûì. 3. Ñèòóàöèÿ ñåé÷àñ ãîðàçäî õóæå, ÷åì ÿ äóìàë. 4. Âàòèêàí — ñàìîå ìàëåíüêîå ãîñóäàðñòâî â Åâðîïå. 5. — Êîãäà ìû âñòðåòèìñÿ? — ×åì ñêîðåå,
òåì ëó÷øå. 6. Ýâåðåñò — ñàìàÿ âûñîêàÿ âåðøèíà ìèðà. 7. Îí
óñèëåííî òðåíèðóåòñÿ. Îí õî÷åò áûòü ñàìûì ñèëüíûì ìàëü÷èêîì â ñâîåé êîìàíäå. 8. Òû îøèáàåøüñÿ. È ÷åì ñêîðåå òû
ïîéì¸øü ýòî, òåì ëó÷øå äëÿ òåáÿ. 9. Îí ñàìûé ëåíèâûé ïàðåíü, êîòîðîãî ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî âñòðå÷àëà. 10. Âòîðàÿ êíèãà ãîðàçäî èíòåðåñíåå, ÷åì ïåðâàÿ. 11. Ìîé äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ — ñàìûé ëó÷øèé äëÿ ìåíÿ äåíü â ãîäó. 12. — Ïîãîäà ìåíÿåòñÿ ê
ëó÷øåìó èëè ê õóäøåìó? — ß íå ñëûøàëà ïðîãíîçà ïîãîäû
íà ñåãîäíÿ. 13. Ðàçëè÷íûå øîó ñòàíîâÿòñÿ âñ¸ áîëåå ïîïóëÿðíûìè íà òåëåâèäåíèè. 14. Ðîáåðò òàêîé æå óìíûé, êàê è åãî
îòåö. 15. Ýòî ñàìûé î÷àðîâàòåëüíûé (cute) ìàëûø, êîòîðîãî
ÿ êîãäà-ëèáî âèäåëà. 16. Ìåòðî — ñàìûé óäîáíûé òðàíñïîðò
â áîëüøèõ ãîðîäàõ. 17. Èç äâóõ áðàòüåâ Ñåðãåé áîëåå ñåðü¸çíûé. 18. Îí ñàìûé ñïîñîáíûé èç ìîèõ ñòóäåíòîâ. 19. Àâñòðàëèÿ — ñàìûé ìàëåíüêèé êîíòèíåíò, íî ýòî ñàìûé áîëüøîé
îñòðîâ â ìèðå. 20. Õîòÿ Âåðîíèêå ñòîëüêî æå ëåò, ñêîëüêî è
âñåì íàì, îíà ñàìàÿ òàëàíòëèâàÿ èç íàñ. 21. Ñëîâàðü — ñàìûé
íàäåæíûé (reliable) èñòî÷íèê èíôîðìàöèè. 22. Ìîé ìëàäøèé
áðàò ãîâîðèò, ÷òî ñäåëàåò âñå âîçìîæíîå, ÷òîáû ïîëó÷èòü ñàìûå âûñîêèå îöåíêè. Íî îí òàêæå ñ÷èòàåò, ÷òî ÷åì áîëüøå
ìû ó÷èìñÿ, òåì áîëüøå ìû çíàåì, è ÷åì áîëüøå ìû çíàåì,
òåì áîëüøå çàáûâàåì. À ÷åì áîëüøå ìû çàáûâàåì, òåì ìåíüøå çíàåì. «Çà÷åì æå ó÷èòüñÿ?», ãîâîðèò îí.
Unit
U
n
nit
it 3
36
6
Äâîéíûå ñòåïåíè ñðàâíåíèÿ
ïðèëàãàòåëüíûõ
later
(более поздний)
the latest
(самый новый,
свежий, последний
по времени
появления)
the latter
(последний
из двух
перечисленных)
the former
(первый из двух
перечисленных)
last
(прошлый
во времени)
the last
(последний
по порядку)
Let’s go by a later train.
I usually watch the latest news.
I met Max and Henry in the street, the former (первый) said “Hello”, but the
latter (последний) didn’t recognize me.
I am the last, but not the least.
Last year we went to the Crimea.
Read the last sentence, please.
She will always have the last word.
180
Двойные степени сравнения прилагательных
nearest
(ближайший в значении
расстояния в прямом
и переносном смысле)
nearer
(более
близкий)
next (следующий
по времени)
the next (следующий
по порядку)
Let’s sit nearer to the stage.
What are your nearest plans?
He lives nearest to the school.
I’ll see Ann next week.
The next stop is ours.
older
(старше
no возрасту)
oldest
(самый старший
по возрасту)
elder
(старший —
родственные
отношения)
eldest
(самый старший
по положению)
Mary is much older than Peter.
He is the oldest of the five children.
Boris is my elder brother.
He is the eldest at our office.
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UNIT 36
farther
(более дальний)
farthest
(самый дальний)
further
(дальнейший,
последующий)
furthest
(самый дальний)
Обе формы могут обозначать расстояние:
Не went farther (further) into the wood.
They sat at the farthest (furthest) table.
Ho в значении «последующие»:
We are waiting for further instructions.
There was no further comment.
36.1. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой прилагательных.
I. Late.
1. What is ...................... news? 2. On Saturdays I get up ......................
than on week-days. 3. Wear pink. It’s ...................... fashion. 4. She
is dying to tell me ...................... gossip. 5. Let’s talk about it a
bit ......................, shall we? 6. I have two nieces: Kate and Rose
...................... is a student, ...................... is a schoolgirl. 7. Scientists use
...................... technologies to clone people. 8. He is always ......................
to learn ...................... news. 9. We use ...................... methods in language
learning. 10. She got married ...................... month. 11. When was
...................... time you bought something new for yourself? — It
was ...................... week.
II. Near.
1. My house is ...................... to the metro station than my mother’s.
2. There is no one ...................... to me than you, my dear. 3. The
...................... to the equator, the hotter it is. 4. What are your
...................... plans? 5. ...................... stop is ours. 6. ...................... week you’ll
get your money. 7. You’ll find the exercise on ...................... page.
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Двойные степени сравнения прилагательных
8. They are going to the Alps ...................... month. 9. ...................... bistro
is just round the corner. 10. Come ...................... to me, I can’t hear
you well. 11. ...................... lecture will be on the History of the
English language.
III. Old.
1. — Is your husband as ...................... as you are? — No, he is
five years ...................... than me. 2. Of the four children Masha is
...................... . 3. John’s ...................... brother is a chemist. 4. Brian is
...................... at our office, though he is the youngest man here.
5. The ...................... she gets, the more difficult she is. 6. My
...................... sister is very close to me. 7. What are ...................... books
in the world?
IV. Far.
1. How ...................... is the Earth from the Sun? 2. He lives ......................
from the metro station than all his classmates. 3. We found the
boy in ...................... corner of the garden. 4. You’ll see, she’ll go
very ...................... in life. 5. The private detective went ......................
into the case. 6. It’s not enough. We need ...................... calculations.
7. At concerts I prefer to sit ...................... from the stage, as the
music is usually too loud. 8. ...................... instructions will be given
tomorrow. 9. ...................... we went into the forest, the more lost we
got. 10. ...................... and ...................... went the scouts trying to find
the way. 11. This time, my dear, you’ve gone too ...................... . You
should apologize to avoid ...................... trouble.
36.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Òû îáìàíóëà ìåíÿ íà ïðîøëîé íåäåëå. È ýòî ïîñëåäíèé
ðàç, êîãäà ÿ âåðþ òåáå. Òàê ÷òî â ñëåäóþùèé ðàç äóìàé, ÷òî
òû ãîâîðèøü. 2. Ýòî ïîñëåäíÿÿ îñòàíîâêà. Àâòîáóñ äàëüøå íå
ïîéä¸ò. 3. Íà ñëåäóþùåé íåäåëå ó íàñ áóäåò íîâîå ðàñïèñàíèå. 4. Ëó÷øå ïîçäíî, ÷åì íèêîãäà. 5. Ïî÷åìó ó òåáÿ êîëüöà â
íîñó? Ýòî ÷òî, ïîñëåäíÿÿ ìîäà? 6. — Ñåãîäíÿ ïîñëåäíèé äåíü
ñåññèè. Ïðîøëàÿ íåäåëÿ áûëà î÷åíü òÿæ¸ëîé. — Íó íè÷åãî, çàòî áóäåì îòäûõàòü íà ñëåäóþùåé íåäåëå. 7. — Êòî èç
âàñ ñòàðøå — òû èëè Êðèñòèíà? — Îíà íà äâà ãîäà ñòàðøå ìåíÿ. 8. Íå óõîäè äàëåêî îò äîìà, ýòî íåáåçîïàñíî. È íå
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UNIT 36
ïðèõîäè ïîçæå 10 ÷àñîâ. 9. — ×åì çàíèìàåòñÿ òâîé ñòàðøèé
áðàò? — Îí þðèñò, îí ðàáîòàåò â êîìïàíèè. 10. Ýòî áûëî ïîñëåäíåå ïèñüìî, êîòîðîå îíè ïîëó÷èëè îò íåãî. 11. Ïîñëåäíèå
ñîáûòèÿ íàñ íå ðàäóþò. 12. Ýòî ïîñëåäíèé ðàç, ÷òî ÿ ïðåäóïðåæäàþ âàñ. 13. ß íå äóìàþ, ÷òî îí çàéä¸ò òàê äàëåêî.
14. — Âû ñõîäèòå íà ñëåäóþùåé îñòàíîâêå? — Íåò, ÿ ñõîæó
íà ïîñëåäíåé îñòàíîâêå. 15. ×åì äàëüøå âû æèâ¸òå îò öåíòðà ãîðîäà, òåì ëó÷øå âîçäóõ. 16. ×åì áîëüøå ìû ó÷èìñÿ,
òåì áîëüøå ìû çíàåì. ×åì áîëüøå ìû çíàåì, òåì áîëüøå çàáûâàåì. ×åì áîëüøå ìû çàáûâàåì, òåì ìåíüøå çíàåì. Çà÷åì
æå òîãäà ó÷èòüñÿ? 17.  ýòîì àëüáîìå ñîáðàíû âñå ïîñëåäíèå
õèòû. 18.  ïðîøëîå Ðîæäåñòâî òû ïîäàðèëà ìíå ñâîþ ëþáîâü.  ñëåäóþùåå Ðîæäåñòâî ìû ïîæåíèìñÿ. 19. — Êòî îòâå÷àåò ñëåäóþùèì? — ß ïîñëåäíèé (ïî ïîðÿäêó), íî íå ñàìûé
ïîñëåäíèé ÷åëîâåê. 20. Îíè èãðàþò â øàõìàòû óæå íåñêîëüêî
÷àñîâ. Ñëåäóþùèé õîä äåëàåò Ãàððè. 21. Òåáå ëó÷øå ïîñëóøàòü å¸. Âñ¸ ðàâíî ïîñëåäíåå ñëîâî áóäåò çà íåé.
36.3
Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой прилагательных old,
late, near, far.
1. ...................... month she finished ...................... chapter of the new
detective novel. 2. The paper was full of ...................... war news
from Syria. 3. As ...................... as I know, they’ll get married
...................... year. 4. — See you ...................... alligator! For a while,
crocodile! 5. The designer demonstrated ...................... fashions from
Paris. 6. This story is as ...................... as the hills. 7. ...................... woman
in America is 110 years old. 8. How ...................... have you got with
the work? 9. Napoleon spent ...................... years of his life in exile.
10. Simon is studying history and law and hopes to specialize in
...................... . 11. ...................... game will be ...................... one of the season.
12. Then, when he asked me for money, it was ...................... straw.
13. I used to have to wear my ...................... brother’s ......................
clothes. 14. Do you need any ...................... instructions? 15. Better
...................... than never. 16. ...................... ten years of the XX century
were the years of the Internet.
Unit
U
n it 3
nit
37
7
Àðòèêëè ñ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèìè
íàçâàíèÿìè
Ìèðîâàÿ ãåîãðàôèÿ
World Geography
Названия
the
—
1. Части света,
континенты,
страны,
регионы,
города, деревни
Если в названии государства есть
нарицательное существительное:
the Russian Federation, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland, the United
States of America, the Irish
Republic; the Czech Republic
Europe, Asia,
Australia, North
(South) America,
Africa
а также названия стран во мн. ч.:
the Netherlands, the Philippines,
the United Arab Emirates;
Russia, Ukraine,
Italy, England, Latin
America, SouthEast Asia, Northern
Africa, Southern
France
названия следующих регионов,
областей, городов:
the Antarctic, the Arctic (Circle), the
Crimea, the Caucasus, the Far East,
the Riviera, the Midlands, the Lake
District, the Middle East, the Ruhr,
the Tyrol, the Hague [heǹg] (Гаага)
Moscow, St.
Petersburg, Rome,
London, Dubrovo,
Peredelkino
185
UNIT 37
Продолжение табл.
Названия
the
—
2. Океаны,
моря, проливы,
каналы, реки,
озёра, заливы,
водопады,
полуострова
the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific
Ocean, the Indian Ocean,
the White Sea, the Black Sea,
the Mediterranean Sea, the
English Channel, the Gulf Stream,
the Panama Canal, the Volga,
the Mississippi, the Thames
(the River Thames), the Baikal,
the Seliger, the Swallow Falls,
(the) Niagara Falls
Ho: Lake Baikal,
Lake Seliger
Но: названия
заливов и
полуостровов
употребляются
без артикля:
Hudson Bay,
Kamchatka,
Сравните: Kola —
the Kola Peninsula
Scandinavia —
the Scandinavian
Peninsula
3. Горные
цепи, группы
островов
the Urals, the Alps, the Rocky
Mountains (the Rockies), the
Himalayas, the Andes, the Canaries,
the British Isles, the Kurilas, the West
Indies, the Philippines
Но: названия
горных вершин
и отдельных
островов:
Elbrus, Everest,
Vesuvius,
Poklonnaya Gora,
Cuba, Cyprus, Haiti,
Easter Island
Запомните:
Bermuda or
the Bermuda
Triangle
4. Пустыни
the Gobi, the Sahara Desert, the
Kara-Kum, the Kalahari
37.1. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. ...................... Europe extends from ...................... British Isles in the
west towards ...................... Urals in the east, 2. ...................... Australia
is the smallest continent but it is the largest island in the
186
Артикли с географическими названиями
world. 3. ...................... Russian Federation is the official name
of ...................... Russia. 4. ...................... USA is the official name of
...................... America. 5. ...................... Canada is in ...................... North
America. 6. ...................... Kenya is in ...................... Africa. 7. ......................
Atakama is a desert in ...................... South America. 8. ......................
Mississippi is a famous river. 9. ...................... Luxemburg is a
small country in ...................... Europe between ...................... France,
...................... Belgium and ...................... Germany. 10. ......................
Turkey is situated on two continents:_____ Asia and ......................
Europe. 11. ...................... Monaco is a small country on ......................
Mediterranean Sea. 12. ...................... Bermuda Triangle is a
mysterious place. 13. ...................... Gulf Stream is a warm current.
14. The highest peak in ...................... North America is ......................
Mount McKinley. 15. ...................... Cuba is an island. 16. There are
many wild animals in ...................... Rocky Mountains. 17. ......................
Mexico, ...................... New York, ...................... Tokyo and ......................
Moscow are the biggest and the most populated cities in the
world. 18. ...................... Crimea and ...................... Caucasus are popular
resorts. 19. Many centuries ago ...................... Vesuvius destroyed
...................... Pompeii.
37.2. Какие из данных ниже географических имён употребляются с определённым артиклем? (См. также Unit 38.)
A. 1. Everest 2. Jenisei 3. Bermuda 4. Elbrus 5. Hudson Bay
6. Laptev Sea 7. Urals 8. Kalahari 9. Volga 10. Carpathians
11. Indian Ocean 12. Madeira 13. Etna 14. English Channel
15. Palm Beach 16. Arctic Circle 17. Olympus 18. New Forest
19. South Pole 20. Bridge of Sighs 21. Jutland Peninsula
22. Suez Canal 23. Swallow Falls 24. Sicily 25. London Bridge
26. Kara-Kum 27. Lake Chad 28. Amur 29. Malay Archipelago
30. Aleutian Islands
B. 1. United Arab Emirates 2. Ukraine 3. Far East 4. Brussels
5. Netherlands 6. Booker Prize 7. Hague 8. Philippines 9. Art
Theatre 10. Northern Europe 11. St. James’s Park 12. Peacock
Inn 13. Baker Street 14. Russian Museum 15. Salisbury Cathedral
16. Wailing Wall 17. Middle East 18. Southern Africa 19. Roman
Empire 20. Miami Airport 21. Nobel Prize 22. Republic of
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UNIT 37
Ireland 23. Athens 24. Winter Palace 25. Republican Party
26. Eiffel Tower 27. National Association of Teachers 28. Alaska
29. Village of Sosnovka 30. Central Asia.
37.3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. How many continents are there in the world? 2. What
continent do you live in? 3. What is the smallest continent?
And what is the biggest one? 4. What is the highest point on
the Earth and where is it? 5. Name the biggest ocean and the
biggest sea on our planet. 6. What is the longest river on the
globe? 7. There is a famous city, which is in danger of going
under the water. What is it and where is it situated? 8. What
river does Paris stand on? 9. What is the most popular place in
Moscow? 10. What is the longest street in St. Petersburg? 11. Do
you know the name of the town where Shakespeare was born?
What river does it stand on? 12. What is the difference between
a channel and a canal? Name the most famous ones. 13. Name
the smallest country in the world with the population of just
about 800 people. 14. What are the oldest books in the history
of mankind? 15. What are your favourite places in your city,
country or in the world?
37.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Åñëè âû ïîåäåòå â Åãèïåò, òî óâèäèòå Íèë è çíàìåíèòûå
ïèðàìèäû. 2. Êðàñíîå ìîðå äåéñòâèòåëüíî êðàñíîå? 3. Êðûì,
Êàâêàç, Äàëüíèé Âîñòîê óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ñ
îïðåäåë¸ííûì àðòèêëåì. 4. Ñèöèëèÿ, Ìàëüòà, Êèïð, Êàïðè —
çíàìåíèòûå îñòðîâà. 5. Ïàíàìñêèé êàíàë ñîåäèíÿåò äâà îêåàíà: Òèõèé è Àòëàíòè÷åñêèé. 6. Àìåðèêà ñîñòîèò èç òð¸õ ÷àñòåé: Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêè, Öåíòðàëüíîé Àìåðèêè è Þæíîé
Àìåðèêè. 7. Â ìèðå åñòü íåñêîëüêî ìîðåé, íàçâàíèÿ êîòîðûõ
îáîçíà÷àþò öâåòà: Ƹëòîå ìîðå, Êðàñíîå ìîðå, Áåëîå ìîðå è
׸ðíîå ìîðå. 8. Êèòàé — äðåâíÿÿ ñòðàíà íà Âîñòîêå. 9. Ãààãà íàõîäèòñÿ â Íèäåðëàíäàõ. 10. Íàïîëåîí ðîäèëñÿ íà Êîðñèêå, îñòðîâå â Ñðåäèçåìíîì ìîðå. 11. Ìîé îòåö ðîäèëñÿ â
Ñèáèðè, çàòåì ñåìüÿ ïåðååõàëà â Êðûì. 12. Â Ëîíäîíå åñòü
188
Артикли с географическими названиями
ìíîãî êðàñèâûõ ìîñòîâ ÷åðåç Òåìçó. 13. Áàéêàë î÷åíü êðàñèâîå îçåðî. 14. Îçåðî Âèêòîðèÿ è ãîðà Êèëèìàíäæàðî íàõîäÿòñÿ â Àôðèêå. 15. Âëàäèâîñòîê íàõîäèòñÿ íà Äàëüíåì Âîñòîêå. 16. Ñêàíäèíàâèÿ âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ Íîðâåãèþ, Øâåöèþ,
Ôèíëÿíäèþ, Äàíèþ è Èñëàíäèþ. 17. — Àìàçîíêà íàõîäèòñÿ â Þæíîé Àìåðèêå, íå òàê ëè? — Íå ìîãó ñêàçàòü òî÷íî.
Ãåîãðàôèÿ âñåãäà áûëà ìîèì ñàìûì ñëàáûì ìåñòîì (a weak
point). 18. Íàø øåô íå çíàåò, êóäà ïîåõàòü íà êàíèêóëû: íà
Áàãàìû èëè æå â Àëüïû. 19. Ýëüáðóñ — ñàìàÿ âûñîêàÿ ãîðíàÿ
âåðøèíà â Åâðîïå. 20. Ïîäâîäíûé òîííåëü ñîåäèíÿåò Áðèòàíñêèå îñòðîâà ñ Ôðàíöèåé.
37.5 Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. — Hague, a city in — Netherlands, is near — North Sea.
2. — Volga is — longest river in — Europe. It flows from —
Valdai Hills to — Caspian Sea. 3. Are you going to have a
rest on — Mediterranean Sea or in — Alps? — On — Cyprus.
4. Among the sites of Moscow we can name — Red Square, —
Kremlin, — Manezh Square, — Bolshoi Theatre, and many
others. 5. Many people meet at — Pushkin Monument on —
Pushkinskaya Square. 6. — Buckingham Palace, — Trafalgar
Square, — Houses of Parliament, — Tower of London, — Tower
Bridge, — National Gallery are the usual sights in – English
capital. 7. When in London, they used to stay at — Ritz Hotel.
8. We advise you to visit — Russian Museum and — Hermitage
when you visit — North capital. 9. — population of — Russian
Federation is about 150 million people. 10. — Sahara is a great
desert in — North Africa, extending from — Atlantic Ocean
to — Nile.
Unit
U
n
nit
it 3
38
8
Àðòèêëè ñ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèìè
íàçâàíèÿìè
Ãîðîäñêàÿ ãåîãðàôèÿ
City Geography
Названия
the
—
1. Улицы,
площади,
переулки, парки,
леса
(the) High Street, the
Mall, the Strand (улицы
в Лондоне), the Speaker’s
Corner, the Nevsky Prospect,
the Latin Quarter
Tverskaya Street,
Regent Street, Fifth
Avenue, Charing Cross
Road, Park Lane, Red
Square, Manezh Square,
Trafalgar Square,
Gorky Park, Hyde Park,
Sherwood Forest
2. Театры,
концертные залы,
музеи, галереи
кинотеатры, отели
дворцы,
рестораны, кафе,
бары
the Bolshoi Theatre, the Art
Theatre, the Chaikovsky
Hall, the Opera House, the
Hermitage, the National
Gallery, the Russian Museum,
the Louvre
Covent Garden, Grand
Opera
Ho: Buckingham
Palace, Maxim’s,
Vadim’s
the Pushkinsky, the Kodak,
the Odeon, the Ritz, the Continental, (the) President Hotel
the Winter Palace, the Taj
Mahal, the Savoy, the Three
Oaks, the Big Bite, the Talk of
the Town
190
Артикли с географическими названиями
Продолжение табл.
Названия
the
—
3. Известные
произведения
искусства,
уникальные
книги, здания,
башни
the Great Pyramid, the Mona
Liza, the Sistine Chapel, the
Moonlight Sonata, the Bible,
the Koran, the Acropolis, the
Colosseum, the Kremlin, the
White House, the Eiffel Tower
4. Аэропорты,
станции, мосты,
зоопарки,
памятники
the Brooklyn Bridge,
the Golden Gate Bridge,
the Bridge of Sighs (in Venice),
the Pushkin Monument,
the Nelson Column
Heathrow (Airport),
Vnukovo (Airport),
Victoria Station,
Taganskaya Station,
Tower Bridge, Waterloo
Bridge, Krymsky
Bridge, London Zoo,
Moscow Zoo
5. Школы,
колледжи,
университеты
Запомните:
the Sorbonne
Richmond Grammar
School, Carnegie
College, Oxford
University, Moscow
University
Сравните:
London University — the University of London (офиц.
название), Chicago University — the University of Chicago
6. Церкви,
приходы, соборы
Trinity Church,
St. Paul’s Cathedral,
St. Basil’s Cathedral,
Westminster Abbey
7. Корабли,
паромы, яхты,
известные поезда
the Magnolia, the Victoria,
(the) Titanic, the Beautiful
Dreamer, the Orient Express
8. Политические и
государственные
учреждения, организации, партии,
исторические
события
the Senate, the State Duma,
Ho: Parliament,
the Cabinet, the Supreme Court, Congress, Whitehall
the Government, the British
Council, the Pentagon, the
Democratic Party, the Second
World War, the Gulf War
191
UNIT 38
Продолжение табл.
Названия
the
—
9. Газеты
(английские
и американские),
журналы,
периодические
издания
the Times, the Observer, the
Financial Times, the Sun, the
Star, the Spectator, the New
Yorker, the American Scientist
С названиями
российских
газет артикль не
употребляется:
Moscow News,
Arguments and Facts,
Economist, Computer
Weekly, Newsweek,
Playboy
10. Спортивные
события
the Olympic Games, the
World Cup, the World
Championship
Ho: Wimbledon
(теннис)
11. Музыкальные
группы
the Beatles, the Rolling
Stones, the Spice Girls
(если сущ. во мн. ч.)
Ho: Queen, Abba,
Gorky Park, A-Ha
38.1. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. ...................... Bolshoi and ...................... Maly theatres are the oldest in
...................... Moscow. 2. It’s impossible to see ...................... Hermitage
in one day. 3. ...................... Tate Gallery in ...................... London was
founded by Sir Henry Tate. 4. When he comes to ......................
London, he always stays at ...................... Ritz. 5. The usual sights
of ...................... British capital are: ...................... Houses of Parliament,
...................... Big Ben, ...................... Tower Bridge, ...................... Tower,
...................... Madam Tussaud’s, ...................... Trafalgar Square.
6. There are always a lot of people on ...................... Manezh Square.
7. Sometimes we dine at the bar “...................... Big Bite”. 8. ......................
Winter Palace faces ...................... Neva. 9. We saw ...................... Mona
Liza when we went to ...................... Louvre in ...................... Paris.
10. ...................... Democratic Party won the elections in ......................
USA. 11. She went to ...................... Richmond Grammar School.
12. ...................... Oxford University is the oldest in ...................... UK.
13. All doctors give ...................... Hippocratic Oath. 14. ......................
Buckingham Palace is the official residence of ...................... Queen
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Артикли с географическими названиями
of ...................... England. 15. ...................... Olympic Games first started
in ...................... Greece. 16. She works for ...................... Cosmopolitan
17. He used to read ...................... Observer, but now he prefers
...................... Times.
38.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ó Áðèòàíñêèõ îñòðîâîâ äîëãàÿ è èíòåðåñíàÿ èñòîðèÿ.
2. Ìû âñåãäà ñìîòðèì ïîñëåäíèå ôèëüìû â «Êîäàêå». 3. Îí
íà êàíèêóëû åçäèë â Èòàëèþ, è åìó î÷åíü ïîíðàâèëàñü òàì
åäà. Íî êàê òîëüêî îí âåðíóëñÿ â Àíãëèþ, îí ñðàçó æå îòïðàâèëñÿ â ÌàêÄîíàëäñ. 4. — Êîãäà òû â ïîñëåäíèé ðàç
áûëà â Òðåòüÿêîâñêîé ãàëåðåå? — Íå ìîãó âñïîìíèòü, íî íà
ïðîøëîé íåäåëå ÿ áûëà â Ìóçåå èçîáðàçèòåëüíûõ èñêóññòâ.
5. Â Ñåðåáðÿíîì áîðó ìíîãî ñòàðèííûõ äà÷. 6. Íà áåðåãó
Ìîñêâà-ðåêè ñòðîèòñÿ ìíîãî ýëèòíûõ äîìîâ. 7. Ìíå î÷åíü
íðàâèòñÿ «Ëóííàÿ ñîíàòà» Áåòõîâåíà. 8. Èíîãäà ÿ âñòðå÷àþñü ñ äðóçüÿìè â êîôåéíå íà Ëåíèíñêîì ïðîñïåêòå. 9. Ëåòîì
ìû ïîåäåì îòäûõàòü â Êðûì èëè æå íà Êàâêàç. 10. Ìíîãèå
çíàìåíèòûå ëþäè áåãàþò ïî óòðàì â Öåíòðàëüíîì ïàðêå â
Íüþ-Éîðêå. 11. Ýéôåëåâà áàøíÿ — ñèìâîë Ïàðèæà. 12. ÁèãÁåí — ýòî íå áàøíÿ, ýòî ÷àñû. 13. À ÷òî èä¸ò íà ýòîé íåäåëå â «Ïóøêèíñêîì»? 14. Íà Òâåðñêîé óëèöå ìíîãî êðàñèâûõ
ìàãàçèíîâ. 15. Ó ýòîãî ðåæèññ¸ðà åñòü âèëëà íà Ôðàíöóçñêîé Ðèâüåðå. 16. Îí ñëîìàë íîãó, êîãäà êàòàëñÿ íà ëûæàõ â
Àëüïàõ.
38.3. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. I like to have a cappuccino in a Coffee House on ......................
Nevsky Prospect. 2. — Have you ever been to ......................
Russian Museum? — Yes, many times. 3. ...................... Danube
flows through ...................... Germany, ...................... Austria, ......................
Hungary, ...................... Romania and ...................... Bulgaria. 4. When
we were in ...................... Vatican, we admired ...................... Sistine
Chapel. 5. We are flying tomorrow from ...................... Heathrow
airport to ...................... London. 6. ...................... Speaker’s Corner is in
...................... Hyde Park in ...................... London. 7. The concert was
193
UNIT 38
given in ...................... Royal Festival Hall. 8. There are three royal
parks in the centre of ...................... London — ...................... St. James’s
Park, ...................... Green Park, ...................... Hyde Park. And there is
a lake in ...................... Hyde Park — ...................... Serpentine. 9. The
usual sights of Moscow are: ...................... Red Square, ......................
Kremlin, ...................... Bolshoi Theatre, ...................... Poklonnaya
Gora, ...................... Tretyakov Picture Gallery. 10. ...................... Beatles
came from ...................... Liverpool. 11. ...................... 7 Days is a very
popular magazine in this country. 12. ...................... Volga flows from
...................... Valdai Hills to ____ Caspian Sea. 13. — Are there any
crocodiles in ...................... Nile? — I hope not. 14. ...................... Pacific is
between ...................... America and ...................... Asia.
38.4. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
EARTHQUAKES
The Earth is not a static planet, it is in constant slow motion.
These movements cause earthquakes, which can strike
anywhere in the world. But the largest zone is ...................... Pacific
Ocean. The seismic belt extends from ...................... Chile to the coast
of ...................... South America, ...................... Central America, ......................
Mexico, and ...................... United States. Earthquakes frequently
happen in ...................... Alaska, and then through ......................
Aleutian Islands to ...................... Japan, ...................... Philippine Islands,
...................... New Guinea and to ...................... New Zealand. Another
seismic belt extends from ...................... Java to ...................... Sumatra in
...................... Indonesia, through ...................... Himalayas, on to ......................
Mediterranean, and out into ...................... Atlantic. Unfortunately,
there isn’t a reliable way of predicting an earthquake in order
to evacuate people in time. Some people believe that animals
are very sensitive to earthquakes. Just a few examples from the
previous earthquakes:
Flocks of birds flew in circles for hours, then suddenly flew
away, just before the start of an earthquake.
A few hours before an earthquake cats run out of every
house.
•
•
194
Артикли с географическими названиями
•
Thousands of fish jumped into the air, landing on beaches
and dying. It’s also said that dogs howl, pandas moan, and rats
and mice leave their holes long before the earthquake.
Scientists are studying all the factors to predict earthquakes in
...................... Japan, ...................... United States and ...................... Russia,
where the risk is very high.
38.5. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. After a tour in ...................... Austrian Alps they stayed for a day
or two on ...................... Lake of ...................... Geneva. 2. ...................... Capetown is in ...................... South Africa. 3. The ancient Egyptians
built ...................... Pyramids. 4. ...................... Museum of Fine Arts is
on ...................... Volkhonka. 5. ...................... New York City is situated
at the mouth of ...................... Hudson River on ...................... East coast
of ...................... USA. 6. ...................... Eton College is a famous public
school for boys in ...................... UK. It is in Eton, a small town which
stands on ...................... River Thames. 7. ...................... White Tower in
...................... London was built between 1078 and 1098. 8. When we
were in Vienna, we went to visit ...................... Sigmund Freud Museum. 9. Who built ...................... St. Basil’s Cathedral? 10. ......................
Lowlands are in the south of ...................... Scotland. ...................... Highlands are in the North. 11. ...................... Big Ben in fact is the name
of the largest bell in this clock, but most people call the clock
...................... Big Ben. 12. ...................... Victoria and Albert Museum in
London is worth visiting. 13. ...................... Antarctic is the region
around ...................... South Pole. 14. ...................... Arctic is the area of
the world around ...................... North Pole, where it is extremely
cold. 15. My students at the International Language School are
mostly from ...................... East Asia, ...................... Japan, ...................... China, ...................... Hong Kong. 16. Once, when I was in ...................... Denmark, I was lucky to watch ...................... Northern Lights. It was an
amazing sight!
38.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Èñòîðèÿ íàøåé öèâèëèçàöèè — ýòî èñòîðèÿ âåëèêèõ ìîðåé è îêåàíîâ: Ñðåäèçåìíîãî è ׸ðíîãî ìîðåé, Àòëàíòè195
UNIT 38
÷åñêîãî è Òèõîãî îêåàíîâ. 2. Óðàëüñêèå ãîðû äåëÿò íàøó
ñòðàíó íà äâå ÷àñòè. 3. Ëåíà, Îáü, Åíèñåé, Àìóð — âåëèêèå ñèáèðñêèå ðåêè. 4.  ïðîøëîì ãîäó â ßïîíèè ïðîèçîøëî çåìëåòðÿñåíèå. 5. Ó ìîåãî äðóãà áèçíåñ â Ñèíãàïóðå,
Ãîíêîíãå, íà Ôèëèïïèíàõ. 6. Ìîñêîâñêèé çîîïàðê íàõîäèòñÿ íà Áàððèêàäíîé óëèöå. 7.  ̸ðòâîì ìîðå íåò æèçíè, òàê êàê âîäà â í¸ì ñëèøêîì ñîë¸íàÿ. 8. Áåðèíãîâ ïðîëèâ ðàçäåëÿåò Àìåðèêó è Àçèþ. 9. Ãîðîä Íüþêàñë ñòîèò
íà ðåêå Òàéí. 10. Îí æóðíàëèñò è ðàáîòàåò â «Àðãóìåíòàõ
è ôàêòàõ». 11. Ðîìàíñêàÿ ñòåíà — îäíà èç äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòåé Ñåâåðíîé Àíãëèè. 12. Îôèöèàëüíàÿ ñòîëèöà Íèäåðëàíäîâ — Àìñòåðäàì. 13. Âàòèêàí ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåçèäåíöèåé Ðèìñêîé êàòîëè÷åñêîé öåðêâè. 14. Ïàìÿòíèê Ïóøêèíó
íàõîäèòñÿ â öåíòðå Ìîñêâû. Îí ñòîèò ïåðåä êèíîòåàòðîì
«Ïóøêèíñêèé». 15. Íà Ïóøêèíñêîé ïëîùàäè åñòü äâà ôîíòàíà. 16. Íèàãàðñêèé âîäîïàä — îäèí èç ñàìûõ áîëüøèõ è
êðàñèâûõ â ìèðå. 17. Îí çàêîí÷èë Ìîñêîâñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò â ïðîøëîì ãîäó. 18. Ýòîò ïîëèòèê ïîëó÷èë Íîáåëåâñêóþ
ïðåìèþ â ïðîøëîì ãîäó. 19. Ïðàãà — ñòîëèöà ×åøñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêè. 20. Î÷åíü ìíîãî öâåòîâ ïðèâîçÿò â Ìîñêâó èç Ýêâàäîðà è Ãîëëàíäèè.
38.7. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо. Перескажите текст.
THE SIGHTS OF LONDON
When you come to ...................... British capital, you’ve just got
to know what to see! For the start there are the parks. From
the top of ...................... Primrose Hill you’ll have a wonderful
view of ...................... London. In ...................... Richmond Park you’ll
see the royal deer. ...................... Holland Park is full of beautiful
sculptures and statues. In ...................... Hyde Park people ride
horses and you can walk by ...................... Serpentine, a lake next
door to ...................... Kensington Gardens. Then there’s ......................
St. James’s Park by ...................... Buckingham Palace, very
beautiful. You certainly shouldn’t miss all the treasures of
...................... British Library. You should also see Prime Minister’s
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Артикли с географическими названиями
question time at ...................... Houses of ...................... Parliament,
the markets at ...................... Brick Lane and ...................... Portobello
Road. The Picassos and Van Goghs at ...................... National
Gallery. You can see how ...................... city looks at night and get
a great view across ...................... Thames to ...................... Tate and
...................... Big Ben.
38.8 Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на употребление артиклей с именами существительными в выделенных фразах.
1. The British flag is called the Union Jack. It is made up
of three crosses: the red cross of St. George of England, the
white cross of St. Andrew of Scotland, and the red cross of St.
Patrick of Ireland, all on a blue background.
2. The white cliffs of Dover are the first thing you see when
approaching south-east England from the sea. They are made
of chalk. On a fine day it is possible to see the coast of France
from the top of the cliffs.
3. Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758-1805) was an English hero.
He lost his right eye and right arm in sea battles against
France. In 1805 he destroyed the French fleet at the battle of
Trafalgar, where he was killed. His famous ship, the Victory,
can be visited at Portsmouth.
4. Big Ben, in fact, is the name of the largest bell in this
clock, but most people call the clock Big Ben. The clock is in
the tower of the Houses of Parliament. Big Ben weights 13
tons, was made in 1858 and was named after Sir Benjamin
Hall. The sound of Big Ben is broadcast daily all over the
world by the BBC.
5. The Lowlands are in the south of Scotland. The Highlands
are in the North. But the Lowlands are not flat. They are
more hilly than most parts of England.
6. Tower Bridge in London is a bridge over the River Thames.
It is near the Tower of London and is the last bridge over the
Thames before the sea. The road opens in the middle to allow
ships to pass.
Unit
U
n it
nit
i t 39
39
Êîñâåííàÿ ðå÷ü
Reported Speech
Тип предложения
Type of Sentences
Прямая речь
Direct Speech
Косвенная речь
Indirect (Reported) Speech
Утвердительное Liz says, “I’m busy.”
Liz says (that) she is busy.
Declarative
He says to us, “I like London.” He tells us (that) he likes
London.
He says (that) he doesn’t
He says, “I don’t know this
know this man.
man.”
Повелительное
Imperative
They say, “Close the door,
please.”
She says to Bob, “Don’t close
the window.”
The teacher orders the
pupils, “Don’t talk!”
They ask me to close the
door.
She tells Bob not to close
the window.
The teacher orders the
pupils not to talk.
Общий вопрос
General Question
The tourist asks me, “Do you
live in Moscow?”
He asks, “Is it raining now?”
The tourist asks me if I live
in Moscow.
He asks if (whether) it is
raining now.
The chief asks if (whether)
everybody is here.
The chief asks, “Is everybody
here?”
Специальный
вопрос
Special Question
198
I ask them, “Where does Sue
live?”
They ask, “What’s the matter?”
We ask them, “When shall we
meet?”
My friend asks, “Who told you
this?”
I ask them where Sue lives.
They ask what the matter is.
We ask them when we
shall meet.
My friend asks who told
me this.
Косвенная речь
Ãëàãîëû, ââîäÿùèå êîñâåííóþ ðå÷ü
add
advise
allow
ask
explain
inform
comment
observe
order
offer
promise
remark
reply
recommend
refuse
say
tell
think
warn
wonder
39.1. Измените следующие предложения по образцу.
The teacher says, “I have good news for you.” —
The teacher says (that) he/she has good news for us.
1. My sister says, “I don’t want to do this work.” 2. The young
man explains, “I’m not enjoying my life in this small town.”
3. Mother says, “I’m already late.” 4. My friends say, “We can
help you.” 5. Linda complains, “I’ve never been to Paris.” 6. The
manager promises, “You’ll get your money on time.” 7. The
secretary remarks, “I sent the fax two days ago.” 8. These
girls say, “We seldom go to McDonald’s as we don’t like junk
food.” 9. The agent warns the man, “You’ll have to leave the
country immediately.” 10. The weatherman says, “The weather
is changing for the better.” 11. The police officer says, “There
is no parking here.” 12. She says, “I want a job that pays well.”
13. He adds, “I haven’t found a good job yet.” 14. She tells us,
“I’ll call you one of these days.” 15. My father always says, “It’s
never late to learn.” 16. He says, “My friend’s mobile phone has
been out of service for two days already.”
39.2. Измените следующие вопросительные предложения по образцу.
DZȉ asks, “Are you happy?” — He asks if (whether) I am happy.
1. The tourists ask, “Shall we visit the Bolshoi Theatre?”
2. A passer-by asks me, “Do you live in Moscow?” 3. The
manager asks the secretary, “Have you already phoned our
clients?” 4. The gardener asks, “Should I cut the grass?” 5. When
I come home in the evening my parents say, “Did you have a
good day?” 6. He asks, “Am I right or wrong?” 7. My boyfriend
asks, “Were you born on the eighth of March?” 8. Everybody
asks, “Can we trust those people?” 9. My Granny asks, “Will
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UNIT 39
you visit me on Sunday?” 10. The students ask the Dean, “Shall
we have a lecture today?” 11. The soldier asks the officer,
“Must I report to the sergeant?” 12. People ask, “Is this a good
film?” 13. We ask him, “Will you come to our party?” 14. These
English tourists ask me, “Are you a Muscovite?” 15. He asks
her, “Are you still working at the supermarket?”
39.3. Измените следующие предложения согласно образцу.
DZȉ asks, “What·s the matter?” — He asks what the matter is.
She asks, “Where do you live?” — She asks where I live.
1. She asks the students, “Who is (the) Dean of your Faculty?”
2. She asks, “How much money is there on my account?” 3. I ask
the old woman, “Who helps you with housework?” 4. The client asks, “Who is the director of the firm?” 5. My father asks
me, “Why did you do that?” 6. The mother asks her daughter,
“Where have you been?” 7. My friends ask me, “Where did you
buy this disc?” 8. The teacher asks Peter, “Why did you break
the window?” 9. The guide asks me, “What languages do you
speak?” 10. My son asks me, “Who invented the telephone?”
11. This pupil asks, “What’s the longest river in the world?”
12. My Mother asks, “Who am I talking to?” 13. Our guests ask,
“How shall we get to the station?” 14. The patient asks, “When
shall I go home?” 15. My workmate asks me, “How long does it
take you to get to the office?” 16. The doctor asks the patient,
“How are you feeling today?” 17. The teacher asks, “Why do
people study languages?”
39.4.
Измените следующие повелительные предложения согласно образцу. Используйте данные в скобках слова.
She says, “Come on time, please.” (ask) — She asks us to come on time.
She says, “Don·t be late!” (warn) — She warns us not to be late.
1. The teacher says, “Read this book.” (advise) 2. He says, “Help
me with my homework.” (beg) 3. The girl says, “You may
kiss me.” (allow) 4. The stewardess says to Jim, “Don’t smoke,
please.” (tell) 5. They say, “Come and sit down.” (invite) 6. The
agent says, “Stay at this hotel.” (recommend) 7. The doctor says,
“Don’t smoke and have a long rest.” (advise) 8. The police of200
Косвенная речь
ficer says, “Don’t park your car here.” (order) 9. My friends say,
“Join our party but don’t drink much.” (offer, warn) 10. My
Mum says, “Don’t spend so much money on cosmetics.” (beg)
11. My Dad says, “Switch off the computer.” (order) 12. The
judge says, “You must pay a fine.” (order) 13. The boss says,
“Don’t forget to send the e-mail.” (remind) 14. The teacher says,
“Don’t chew in class.” (warn) 15. Parents often say to their children, “Don’t open the door to strangers.” (instruct)
39.5. Прочитайте следующие шутки и перескажите их в косвенной речи.
A GREAT PAINTER
A teenager goes from door to door as he is trying to earn money
by doing different jobs. After being turned away nine times, he
is more lucky on the tenth try.
“Yes,” the man says. “I need someone to paint my porch1. You’ll
find two gallons of green paint in the garage, together with
everything else you need.”
“Fine,” the boy says.
“I’ll be working in the attic,” the man says. “Ring the bell when
you finish painting the porch”.
About an hour passes and the man comes to the back door to
answer the bell.
“Have you finished so soon?” he says surprised.
“Yes,” the boy says. “But it looked more like a Ferrari than a
Porshe.”
NO ACTOR
“Sir,” the actor says, “I would like permission to marry your
daughter.”
“Forget it,” the father answers. “Never in my wildest dreams
would I let my daughter marry an actor.”
“Before you make a final decision, sir, would you be willing to
come and see me perform?”
“Sure.”
1
porch [pǣ:tȒ] — êðûëå÷êî.
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So the father and his daughter go to the theatre in which the
young man was appearing. When the play is over, they go
backstage to the young man’s dressing-room.
“Okay,” the father says, “You can marry her. You’re no actor.”
39.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îí ãîâîðèò, ÷òî îíà âñåãäà ñîãëàøàåòñÿ ñ íèì. 2. Íî îí
æàëóåòñÿ, ÷òî íà ñåé ðàç îíà íå ñîãëàñíà ñ íèì. 3. Ìàìà ãîâîðèò, ÷òî îíà ñåðäèòñÿ íà ìåíÿ (to be cross with somebody).
4. Îíà ãîâîðèò, ÷òî íèêîãäà íå ñåðäèòñÿ íà ñâîèõ äåòåé. 5. Îí
ãîâîðèò, ÷òî åìó î÷åíü íóæíû äåíüãè. 6. Ìíîãèå ëþäè ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî èõ óâëå÷åíèå — ýòî ïóòåøåñòâèÿ. 7. Âðà÷ ñïðàøèâàåò ïàöèåíòà, êàê îí ñåáÿ ÷óâñòâóåò ñåãîäíÿ. 8. Ñèíîïòèê ñîîáùàåò, ÷òî çàâòðà áóäåò äîæäü. 9. Ïîëèöåéñêèå ÷àñòî
ïðåäóïðåæäàþò ìåíÿ íå ïåðåõîäèòü óëèöó íà êðàñíûé ñâåò.
10. Ìîé äðóã ïðåäëàãàåò ìíå ñúåçäèòü çà ãîðîä â âîñêðåñåíüå. 11. Ëåêòîð ïîïðîñèë ñòóäåíòîâ íå ðàçãîâàðèâàòü âî
âðåìÿ ëåêöèè. 12. Âðà÷ ñîâåòóåò ìíå íå ëîæèòüñÿ ñïàòü òàê
ïîçäíî. 13. Îí ñïðàøèâàåò, êàê äàâíî ìû â Ëîíäîíå è áûëè
ëè ìû çäåñü ðàíüøå. 14. Íà÷àëüíèê ïðîñèò ñåêðåòàðøó íå
áåñïîêîèòü åãî. 15. Äåòè ñïðàøèâàþò, êîãäà îíè ïîéäóò ãóëÿòü. 16. Ìîëîäîé ÷åëîâåê èíòåðåñóåòñÿ, ïîëó÷èò ëè îí ýòó
ðàáîòó. 17. Èíñïåêòîð õîòåë áû çíàòü, íå çàìåòèëè ëè ñîñåäè
÷òî-òî ñòðàííîå. 18. Îíà ñîîáùàåò íàì, ÷òî â÷åðà ïîòåðÿëà
êëþ÷ îò ñåéôà. Îíà ñïðàøèâàåò, íå âèäåë ëè èõ êòî-íèáóäü.
19. Îí ãîâîðèò, ÷òî ìîáèëüíûé òåëåôîí åãî ïàðòí¸ðà óæå
äâà äíÿ íàõîäèòñÿ âíå çîíû îáñëóæèâàíèÿ.
39.7. Прочитайте и перескажите в косвенной речи следующие истории.
A FLOWER SELLER
Mrs. Williams loves flowers and has a small but a beautiful
garden. In the summer her roses are always the best on the
street. One summer afternoon the bell rings and when she goes
to the front door, she sees a small boy outside. He is about
seven years old, and is holding a big bunch of beautiful roses
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Косвенная речь
in his hand. “I’m selling roses,” he says. “Do you want any?
They are quite cheap. Five pence for a big bunch. They are
fresh. I picked them this afternoon.” “My boy,” Mrs. Williams
answers. “I pick roses whenever I want, and don’t pay anything
for them, because I have lots of them in my garden.” “Oh, no,
you haven’t,” says the small boy. “There aren’t any roses in
your garden — because they are here in my hand!”
A POLITE BOY
Peter is ten years old. One day his friend Paul says to him, “I’m
going to have a birthday party on Saturday. Can you come?”
Peter asks his mother, and she says, “Yes, you can go.” She
phones Paul’s mother to tell her about it. Before Peter goes to
the party on Saturday, his mother instructs him, “Now, Peter,
don’t forget to be polite. Don’t ask for food. Wait until someone
gives it to you.” “All right, Mom,” Peter answers, and he goes
to Paul’s house on his bicycle. There are a lot of children at the
party. They play together for an hour, and then Paul’s mother
gives them some food; but she forgets to give Peter any. He
waits politely for a few minutes, and then he holds his plate
up in the air and says loudly, “Does anyone want a nice clean
plate?”
39.8.
Употребите следующие предложения в косвенной речи, используя
данные фразы.
1. — What’s your name? — I’d like to know ... . 2. — How old are
you? — Could you tell me ... . 3. — Where is he from? — Nobody
knows ... . 4. — What does your mother do? — The neighbour
wants to know ... . 5. — Where do you live? — Would you mind
telling me ... . 6. — What do you enjoy doing? — Could you tell
us ... . 7. — What’s the problem? — I don’t see ... . 8. — How
is she? — We’d like to know ... . 9. — Where is she living
now? — Her friends don’t know ... . 10. — When is she going to
New York? — The chief asks Grace ... . 11. — When will your
vacation start? — My parents want to know ... . 12. — Why
hasn’t she written to us? — I have no idea ... . 13. — What’s
her telephone number? — I don’t know ... . 14. — When did you
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first meet? — I can’t remember ... . 15. — How much does this
mobile phone cost? — I’ve forgotten ... . 16. — Whose watch is
this? — I’ve no idea ... .
39.9. Исправьте ошибки в следующих предложениях.
1. Can anyone tell me what is the matter? 2. Could you tell
me where is the remote control? 3. Nobody understands what
is he speaking about. 4. I don’t remember what is the date of
the meeting. 5. She can never remember when is my birthday.
6. Tell us please who are you? 7. We can’t understand why has
she done it? 8. I have no idea what is the price of such a house.
9. I wonder what does she do for a living. 10. It’s difficult to
understand what is the reason for your refusal. 11. You should
learn how is it done. 12. I can’t tell you how old is she. 13. Do
you know why was she late? 14. Could you tell me where is
the museum here? 15. Do you know what time does she come
home?
39.10. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïîíÿòèÿ íå èìåþ, êîòîðûé ñåé÷àñ ÷àñ. 2. Íèêòî íå çíàåò,
êàêîå ñåãîäíÿ ÷èñëî. 3. Íå ìîãëè áû âû îáúÿñíèòü ìíå, â ÷¸ì
äåëî? 4. ß íå âèæó, â ÷¸ì ïðîáëåìà. 5. Íå ìîãëè áû âû ñêàçàòü ìíå, êàê äîáðàòüñÿ äî âîêçàëà? 6. Íèêòî íå çíàåò, êòî
ýòîò ÷åëîâåê è ÷åì îí çàíèìàåòñÿ. 7. Èíòåðåñíî, êîãäà ó íàñ
áóäåò ñëåäóþùàÿ ëåêöèÿ? 8. Íå ìîãëè áû âû îáúÿñíèòü íàì,
ïî÷åìó âû ñåãîäíÿ îïîçäàëè? 9. Ìíå õîòåëîñü áû çíàòü, êîãäà
áóäåò ãîòîâ ìîé ïàñïîðò. 10. Âû çíàåòå, ãäå áëèæàéøàÿ çàïðàâî÷íàÿ ñòàíöèÿ? 11. Íå ìîãëè áû âû îáúÿñíèòü íàì, ïî÷åìó âû ðåøèëè ñòàòü ó÷èòåëåì? 12. Ìàñòåð íå çíàåò, áóäåò
ëè âàøà ìàøèíà ãîòîâà çàâòðà. 13. Ìû ïîíÿòèÿ íå èìååì, ãäå
òâîè ïàïêè. 14. Íå ìîãó ñêàçàòü òåáå, êîãäà îíà îáû÷íî íà÷èíàåò ðàáîòàòü. 15. ß íå ìîãó îáúÿñíèòü òåáå, ïî÷åìó îí òàê
ðàíî óø¸ë ñ âå÷åðà. 16. Íèêòî íå ìîæåò ïîíÿòü, ÷åãî õî÷åò
ýòîò ðåáåíîê. 17. Äîêòîð ñîâåòóåò åé íå åñòü òàê ìíîãî ïèðîæíûõ. 18. Îíà æàëóåòñÿ, ÷òî íèêòî å¸ íå ïîíèìàåò.
Unit
U
nit
n iitt 4
40
0
Ïîâòîðåíèå
Revision
40.1. Употребите it или there.
1. .................... was a really long queue at the cinema. 2. ....................
was such a shocking programme! 3. .................... is a wonderful,
wonderful life! 4. .................... is only one person I can turn to in my
hour of need. .................... is you. 5. .................... is very nice to be seen
with someone so beautiful! 6. .................... is a fact that education is
the best investment. 7. .................... is a vacant seat in this carriage.
.................... is good luck for me. 8. .................... is a problem to find a good
job because .................... aren’t many. 9. .................... was a nice museum
on this street. .................... is not here any longer. 10. .................... is
twenty miles from here to the airport. 11. .................... is out of
the question, .................... is no one to do this work. 12. ....................
is a car race near our town every spring. .................... are usually
hundreds of people there. ...................... are always different cars in
the race. ...................... is such an exciting sight! 13. Ecologists say
that ...................... won’t be any snow in Moscow in a hundred years.
...................... is unbelievable, but we won’t see it. 14. ...................... is
true that ...................... is no way back for us now. 15. ...................... was
a computer error in the text. ...................... was a wrong number.
40.2. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
THE PIG WITH GREEN SPOTS
There was once ...................... bright pink pig with ...................... green
spots all over his body. He belonged to Old Mrs. Loveday.
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UNIT 40
...................... pig stood on ...................... mantelpiece next to ......................
clock. He was made of ...................... china, and underneath him was
...................... little place to lock and unlock him, because he was
...................... money-box.
One day Lucy went to see old Mrs. Loveday. She knocked at
...................... door, but nobody said “Come in”. She turned ......................
handle and ...................... door opened. Mrs. Loveday was out. She
was in ...................... garden. Lucy looked around ...................... room
with ...................... red geraniums on ...................... windowsill, ......................
little rocking-chair by ...................... fireplace, ...................... small yellow
stool — and, of course, ...................... pig with green spots was on
...................... mantelpiece, as usual. She sat down on ...................... little
yellow stool and looked at ...................... clock. It had stopped. Lucy
thought it would be ...................... good idea to wind it up. She stood
up and took down ...................... clock. She wound it up carefully.
She reached up to ...................... mantelpiece to put it back —
and then ...................... dreadful thing happened. ...................... pig fell
on ...................... floor and smashed into ...................... hundred pieces.
...................... money fell out of ...................... pig too. ...................... silver and
copper coins rolled here and there, under ...................... sofa, over
...................... rug — all over ...................... room. Lucy stood and stared
in horror. What will Mrs. Loveday say? She had had him for
such ...................... long time on her mantelpiece!
...................... girl wanted to run away, but then she felt ashamed
of herself. Mummy always said you must never run away
from problems. At that moment Old Mrs. Loveday came into
...................... room. She looked down at ...................... broken pieces and
all ...................... money on ...................... floor. Lucy waited to be scolded.
But ...................... old woman laughed happily. “So that ugly pig is
broken at last, and I can get ...................... money out of him. You
know, I lost ...................... key ages ago. But I’m glad to see such
...................... ugly creature go, and to get my money. You have
done me ...................... good turn.”1 “Oh, I was so afraid to tell you
...................... truth, Mrs. Loveday!”
“You see, I’m glad of ...................... accident because I badly
wanted some money today. ...................... friend is coming to see
1
206
to do somebody a good turn — îêàçàòü êîìó-òî õîðîøóþ óñëóãó.
Повторение
me, and I want to buy ...................... flour and ...................... currants
and ...................... chocolate to bake ...................... big cake for her. And
you must certainly have ...................... nice big slice to take home
to tea, because you are not ...................... coward, but ......................
brave good girl!”
40.3. Употребите of или from (out of).
1. This knife is made ...................... steel, you know. 2. Today I’m
making soup ...................... wild mushrooms which we gathered in
the forest. 3. This saucepan’s made ...................... copper. Copper
saucepans last a long time. 4. That night in the forest we
made a shelter ...................... branches and leaves. 5. The sink’s
made ...................... steel. 6. The child made a figure of an elephant
...................... clay. 7. This tray is made ...................... silver. 8. Our bodies
are made up ...................... millions of cells. 9. This mattress is made
...................... rubber. 10. These children are making a shelf ......................
cardboard boxes. 11. These curtains are made ...................... nylon.
12. Those chairs are made ...................... leather. 13. This soap is
made ...................... coconut oil and wood ash. 14. This pillowcase
is made ...................... cotton. 15. These sheets are made ......................
linen. 16. Ropes were made ...................... local flax. 17. The boy
made a model car ...................... old boxes and yogurt pots. 18. These
cupboards are made ...................... metal. 19. What’s this carpet made
...................... ? 20. She mixed the batter made ...................... flour, eggs
and water. 21. The jury was mostly made up ...................... women.
40.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. Everyone who (visit) London, (go) to Harrods, which (be) a
famous department store. 2. I (try) to concentrate, so please not
(interrupt) me. 3. — You (know) this man? — I never (see)
him. — But the police (say) that they (see) you together last
Sunday. 4. I (be) at University from 1993 to 1998. 5. They already
(work) here for about five years. 6. When you (leave) the office?
And where you (be) all this time? 7. We last (see) our relatives
on Christmas. 8. We not (see) our friends since Christmas. 9. She
not (see) him since he (get) arrested. 10. They (meet) many years
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ago when they (rest) in the South and they not (see) each other
since that time. 11. My friend has a computer, but he not (have)
a printer. He (plan) to buy it as soon as he (earn) enough money.
But he not (know) when he (earn) it. 12. The police (be) here.
They (come) two hours ago and all this time they (examine)
the house. 13. I wonder what she (cook) for dinner. If she (try),
it (be) something special. 14. He (work) at this project for a
year already and (do) half of it. 15. He says he (do) it when he
(have) a good chance. But he (be) not sure if he ever (have) this
chance. 16. Santa Claus is not a person who (come) through the
chimney. He (come) through a large hole in your pocketbook.
40.5. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. My boss is on holiday. He ......................to Italy.
a. is gone
b. has gone
ñ. has been
2. Andrew says that he’s very ......................in new technologies.
a. interested
b. interesting
ñ. interest
3. — Have you typed the letter yet? — Yes, I ......................it long
ago.
a. has typed
b. have typed
ñ. typed
4. She will stay there till she ......................my message.
a. gets
b. get
ñ. will get
5. My knowledge of English is rather ......................, I’m afraid.
a. poorly
b. poor
ñ. short
6. I only bought this magazine because it seemed ......................to me.
a. interested
b. interest
ñ. interesting
7. All the people ......................the hall. You may switch off the light.
a. have left
b. has left
ñ. had left
8. You look so sad, ...................... ?
a. did you cry
b. were you
ñ. have you been
crying
crying
9. This is a wonderful car. Who ......................to?
a. does it belong
b. belongs it
ñ. has it belonged
10. Wait here till the secretary ......................you.
a. call
b. calls
ñ. will call
11. Where is my mobile? Where ......................it?
a. had I left
b. did I leave
ñ. I have left
208
Повторение
12. I’ll let you know about it if the situation ......................
a. changes
b. will change
ñ. change
13. The last bus left ......................
a. for a few
b. since January ñ. several minutes
minutes
ago
40.6. Перескажите следующие шутки в косвенной речи.
1. Army
Officer: Are you happy now that you are in the Army?
Soldier: Yes, sir.
Officer: What were you before you got into the Army?
Soldier: Much happier.
2. Babysitter
When the father calls home, the six-year-old son answers and
says, “Don’t talk too loudly, Dad, the babysitter is asleep.”
3. Synonym
Teacher: Scotty, what is a synonym?
Scotty: A synonym is a word you use when you can’t spell the
other one.
4. Gray Hair
Mother: Every time you are naughty, I get another gray hair.
Son: Gee, Mom, you must have been a terror when you were
young... just look at Grandma.
5. Scouts
Younger Scout: How can I tell the difference between a mushroom and a toadstool (ìóõîìîð)?
Older Scout: Just eat one before you go to bed. If you wake up
the next morning, it was a mushroom.
40.7. Переведите следующий текст.
Êàêàÿ ïðåêðàñíàÿ ñåãîäíÿ ïîãîäà! Êàêîé ÷óäåñíûé äåíü! Ñåé÷àñ àïðåëü, è íàêîíåö-òî íàñòóïèëà âåñíà. ßðêî ñâåòèò ñîëíöå, ñíåã ðàñòàÿë åù¸ â ìàðòå. Ïòèöû âåðíóëèñü èç ò¸ïëûõ
ñòðàí. Îíè âåñåëî ïîþò è ñòðîÿò ñâîè ãí¸çäà. Ëþäè âûãëÿäÿò
áîëåå ñ÷àñòëèâûìè. Îíè ÷óâñòâóþò ñåáÿ óñòàëûìè ïîñëå äîë209
UNIT 40
ãîé ñíåæíîé çèìû. Â ìàðòå ìû ïåðåâîäèì (to set forward or
back) ñâîè ÷àñû íà îäèí ÷àñ âïåð¸ä. Ëåòíåå âðåìÿ áûëî âïåðâûå ââåäåíî â Àíãëèè â 1908 ãîäó. Äíè ñòàíîâÿòñÿ äëèííåå, à
íî÷è êîðî÷å è ñâåòëåå.  îêòÿáðå ìû îáû÷íî ïåðåâîäèì ñâîè
÷àñû íà îäèí ÷àñ íàçàä. Ýòî ðàäóåò ìíîãèõ ëþäåé, òàê êàê
îíè ñóìåþò ïîñïàòü íà îäèí ÷àñ áîëüøå.
ß ëþáëþ âåñíó è âñåãäà ñ íåòåðïåíèåì æäó å¸ è ëåòíèõ êàíèêóë. Ëåòî — ýòî äåéñòâèòåëüíî ìàëåíüêàÿ æèçíü. Êàê òîëüêî ÿ ñäàì âñå ýêçàìåíû, òî îòïðàâëþñü ïóòåøåñòâîâàòü. Êàê
ãîâîðèòñÿ â àíãëèéñêîé ïîãîâîðêå, «ïóòåøåñòâèÿ ðàñøèðÿþò
íàø êðóãîçîð». Ëåòîì òû ìîæåøü îòêëþ÷èòüñÿ (switch off)
îò ïîâñåäíåâíîé æèçíè, ðàññëàáèòüñÿ, ïîîáùàòüñÿ ñ äðóçüÿìè. ß ïîêà åù¸ íå ðåøèë, ãäå ïðîâåäó ëåòî. Ñåé÷àñ ýòî ñòàëî áîëüøîé ïðîáëåìîé. Ìíå âñåãäà î÷åíü õîòåëîñü ïîâèäàòü
ìèð, èñêóïàòüñÿ â îêåàíå. Îäíàêî ïîñëåäíèå òðàãè÷åñêèå ñîáûòèÿ â çàðóáåæíûõ ñòðàíàõ îñòàíàâëèâàþò ìåíÿ. ß ñ÷èòàþ,
÷òî ëó÷øå è áåçîïàñíåå ñúåçäèòü íà ׸ðíîå ìîðå, â Êðûì
èëè íà Êàâêàç. Ìîè äðóçüÿ óæå êóïèëè áèëåòû â Ñî÷è — ñàìûé ëó÷øèé, êðàñèâûé è êîìôîðòàáåëüíûé êóðîðò íà þãå.
Âîçìîæíî, ÿ ïðèñîåäèíþñü ê íèì, ïîòîìó ÷òî ÿ íèêîãäà íå
áûë â Ñî÷è, à êàæäûé ÷åëîâåê õîòÿ áû îäèí ðàç â æèçíè (at
least once...) äîëæåí ïîñåòèòü ýòîò ÷óäåñíûé ãîðîä.
40.8. Прочитайте следующие шутки и перескажите их в косвенной речи.
ABSENT-MINDED PEOPLE
Three people are on train in England. As they approach what
appears to be Wemberly Station, one of the travellers says, “Is
this Wemberly?”
“No”, replies a second passenger, “it’s Tuesday.”
And the third person remarks, “Oh, I am too, let’s have a drink!”
TAKE IT EASY, NATASHA
Pushing a cart in a supermarket, a man passes a woman whose
cart carries a four-year-old girl. As he walks by, he hears the
mother saying, “Take it easy, Natasha. It won’t be long. We
have only three more items to buy.”
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Повторение
A few minutes later, he passes the same woman in another
section. As the little girl looks at the items on the shelves, the
woman says in a soothing voice, “It’s okay, Natasha. We’ve
almost finished. There is nothing to get upset about, Tasha dear.
We’ll be outside in no time at all.”
When the man reaches the checkout counter, the woman
is paying for her groceries. “Excuse me,” he says. “I’d like to
compliment you on the way you kept your daughter calm while
you did your shopping. I overhead some of the soothing things
you were saying to Natasha here to keep her from getting
upset.”
The woman looks puzzled for a few seconds, then she laughs.
“You’ve got it all wrong,” she says. “My daughter’s name is
Kate. I am Natasha.”
NO CAR
Henry lived in a small town, but then he got a job in a big
city and moved there with his wife and children. It’s Saturday
today in their new home. Henry takes his new red car out of
the garage and is going to wash it. A neighbour comes by. He
stops and looks at Henry’s car and then says, “That’s a nice
car. Is it yours?” “Sometimes,” Henry answers. The neighbour
is surprised. “Sometimes? What do you mean?” “Well,” answers
Henry slowly, “When there is a party in town, it belongs to my
daughter, Jane. When there is a football game somewhere, it
belongs to my son, Joe. When I’ve washed it, and it looks really
nice and clean, it belongs to my wife. And when it needs gas,
it’s mine. But next time when I buy a new car, it will certainly
be only mine.”
40.9. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. «Êîøêè» — ñàìûé ïîïóëÿðíûé ìþçèêë â ìèðå. ß âèäåë
åãî î÷åíü äàâíî íà Áðîäâåå, êîãäà áûë â Íüþ-Éîðêå. 2. Îíà
æàëóåòñÿ, ÷òî î÷åíü äàâíî íå áûëà â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè. Îíà
÷óâñòâóåò, ÷òî å¸ àíãëèéñêèé ñòàíîâèòñÿ âñ¸ õóæå è õóæå.
3. Íàø íà÷àëüíèê îòäûõàåò íà Ñðåäèçåìíîì ìîðå. Ìû çâîíèì åìó ñ óòðà, íî åãî òåëåôîí âñ¸ ýòî âðåìÿ íàõîäèòñÿ âíå
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çîíû îáñëóæèâàíèÿ. 4. Ìîé äðóã î÷åíü ìíîãî ïóòåøåñòâîâàë
â ñâîåé æèçíè, íî îí ãîâîðèò, ÷òî íèêîãäà íå îñòàíàâëèâàëñÿ
â îòåëÿõ òèïà «Ðèö» èëè «Êîíòèíåíòàëü», òàê êàê ýòî ñàìûå
äîðîãèå ãîñòèíèöû. 5. — Ìîÿ ëó÷øàÿ ïîäðóãà ïðèçíàåòñÿ, ÷òî
å¸ ñàìîå áîëüøîå óäîâîëüñòâèå — ýòî äåëàòü ïîêóïêè. — Äà,
îíà âñåãäà áûëà ïîìåøàíà íà ïîêóïêàõ. 6. ×åì êîðî÷å ïàìÿòü,
òåì ëåã÷å æèòü. 7. — Ìíå âñåãäà õîòåëîñü óâèäåòü Ëàòèíñêóþ Àìåðèêó, â îñîáåííîñòè ïîáûâàòü â Áðàçèëèè. — ß äóìàþ, ÷òî òû ïðîñòî íàñìîòðåëàñü áðàçèëüñêèõ ñåðèàëîâ, õîòÿ
ýòî òîæå âñåãäà áûëî ìîåé ìå÷òîé. 8. Ðûáà èùåò ãäå ãëóáæå,
à ÷åëîâåê ãäå ëó÷øå. 9. — Òû îïÿòü åøü øîêîëàä? Ñêîëüêî ïëèòîê òû óæå ñúåëà íà ýòîé íåäåëå? — Òû æå çíàåøü,
ÿ âñåãäà ëþáèëà øîêîëàä. 10. — Ñïåöèàëèñòû ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî
ëó÷øèé øîêîëàä ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ â Øâåéöàðèè. — À ÿ ëþáëþ
ðóññêèé øîêîëàä. 11. Òèøå åäåøü, äàëüøå áóäåøü. 12. Îíà
ãîâîðèò, ÷òî æèâ¸ò â ÑØÀ óæå äâàäöàòü ëåò, íî òàê íèêîãäà
è íå áûëà â Êàëèôîðíèè. 13. Ó÷èòåëü ðåêîìåíäóåò íàì ïðî÷èòàòü ýòó êíèãó êàê ìîæíî áûñòðåå. 14. Âû çàìå÷àëè, ÷òî
ãîðàçäî ëåã÷å ïèñàòü êîðîòêèå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, ÷åì äëèííûå?
Î÷åíü ÷àñòî êîðîòêèå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ëåã÷å ÷èòàòü è ïîíèìàòü.
15. Ïëàòèíà òÿæåëåå, ÷åì çîëîòî. Ýòî ñàìûé òÿæ¸ëûé ìåòàëë.
40.10 Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
AN EXCITING TRIP
I’ve just received … letter from … friend of mine, Tom Brown.
He writes that he is in … Holland now. He has been there for …
year and … half. Tom is … programmer. He is working for … big
company and has already visited … great number of different
places in … Netherlands. At … beginning of his trip he bought
… bicycle and travelled around … Amsterdam, … capital of …
country. He is also going to visit … Hague. From there he will
fly across … Channel to … British Isles. “What … fantastic trip!”
he writes in his letter. “I’ve never had such … exciting trip
before!”
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Àðòèêëè â íàçâàíèÿõ
íåêîòîðûõ ñòðàí, íàöèîíàëüíîñòåé,
æèòåëåé ñòðàíû è ÿçûêîâ
Жители
страны
Название
языка
a Russian
(the) Russians
Russian
(the Russian
language)
British
a Briton
an Englishman
(Englishwoman)
the British
(English
people)
English
(the English
language)
China
Chinese
a Chinese
the Chinese
Chinese
America
American
an American
(the)
Americans
English
Hungary
Hungarian
a Hungarian
the Hungarians Hungarian
Finland
Finnish
a Finn
the Finns
Finnish
Spain
Spanish
a Spaniard
the Spanish
Spanish
Turkey
Turkish
a Turk
the Turks
Turkish
Scotland
Scottish
a Scot,
a Scotsman
(a Scotswoman)
the Scots
Scottish
Название
страны
Прилагательное
Национальность
Russia
Russian
Britain
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Продолжение табл.
Название
страны
Жители
страны
Название
языка
Прилагательное
Национальность
Holland
Dutch
a Dutchman
the Dutch
(a Dutchwoman)
Dutch
Denmark
Danish
a Dane
the Danes
Danish
Egypt
Egyptian
an Egyptian
the Egyptians
Arabic
Iraq
Iraqi
an Iraqi
Iraqis
Arabic
Sweden
Swedish
a Swede
the Swedes
Swedish
Switzerland Swiss
a Swiss
the Swiss
German
French
Italian
Israel
Israeli
an Israeli
the Israelis
Hebrew
Belgium
Belgian
a Belgian
the Belgians
Dutch
French
German
Portugal
Portuguese
a Portuguese
the Portuguese Portuguese
Australia
Australian
an Australian
the Australians
English
the Czech
Republic
Czech
a Czech
the Czechs
Czech
Poland
Polish
a Pole
the Poles
Polish
41.1. Назовите страны, национальности и языки. Хороший словарь может
оказать вам большую помощь в этом.
I. Countries.
1. Olga is Russian. She comes from ... . 2. Fritz is German. He
comes from ... . 3. Olaf is Norwegian. He comes from ... . 4. Istvam is Hungarian. He comes from... . 5. Antigone is Greek. She
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Артикли в названиях некоторых стран, национальностей, жителей страны и языков
comes from ... . 6. Gareth is Swiss. He comes from ... . 7. Erica is
Swedish. She comes from... .
II. Nationalities.
1. Johan is from Holland. He is ... (or He is a ...). 2. Teng is from
China. He is ... (or He is a ...). 3. Ali is from Iraq. He is ... (or He
is an ...). 4. Beatrice is from Switzerland. She is ... (or She is a ...).
5. Abdul is from Sudan. He is ... (or He is a ...). 6. Jean is from
Belgium. He is ... (or He is a ...). 7. Kemal is from Turkey. He is ...
(or He is a ...). 8. Carmen is from Spain. She is ... (or She is a ...).
9. Nils is from Denmark. He is ... (or He is a...).
III. Languages.
1. What language is
in Argentina?
2. What language is
in Brazil?
3. What language is
in Libya?
4. What language is
in Switzerland?
5. What language is
on Cyprus?
spoken
1. Greek and Turkish.
spoken
2. Spanish.
spoken
3. Portuguese.
spoken
4. Arabic.
spoken
5. French, Italian and German.
41.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ßïîíöû î÷åíü òðóäîëþáèâûå ëþäè. 2. Øâåéöàðöû æàëóþòñÿ, ÷òî æèçíü â Øâåéöàðèè î÷åíü ñêó÷íà. 3. Àìåðèêàíöû ìåíåå ôîðìàëüíû, ÷åì åâðîïåéöû. 4. Øîòëàíäöû ëþáÿò ñâîþ ãîðíóþ ñòðàíó. 5. Ãîëëàíäöû æèâóò â Ãîëëàíäèè
è ãîâîðÿò ïî-ãîëëàíäñêè. 6. Òåòðà-Ïàê — øâåäñêàÿ ôèðìà.
Îíà ïðîèçâîäèò óïàêîâêó. 7. Ôðàíöóçû óïîòðåáëÿþò â ïèùó
ìíîãî ìîðåïðîäóêòîâ. 8. Àíãëè÷àíå áîëüøèå ëþáèòåëè ÷àÿ.
9.  ýòîé ãðóïïå ó÷àòñÿ êèòàéöû, âüåòíàìöû, êîðåéöû, þãîñëàâû è ïîëÿêè. 10. Íà êîíôåðåíöèè ïðèñóòñòâîâàëè íåìöû,
øâåäû, äàò÷àíå, èòàëüÿíöû. 11. Èñïàíöû î÷åíü ëþáÿò êîððèäó. 12. Îíà èñïàíêà. Îíà ïðåêðàñíî òàíöóåò. 13. Äàò÷àíå — ýòî ëþäè, æèâóùèå â Äàíèè. 14.  Äàíèè ëþäè ãîâîðÿò íà äàòñêîì, â Ãîëëàíäèè íà ãîëëàíäñêîì, â Íîðâåãèè íà
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íîðâåæñêîì. 15. — Êàê âû íàçûâàåòå ëþäåé, êîòîðûå æèâóò
â Íèäåðëàíäàõ? — Ýòî ãîëëàíäöû. 16. Ãàíñ Õðèñòèàí Àíäåðñåí áûë äàò÷àíèíîì. 17. Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ñòàë ÿçûêîì
ìåæíàöèîíàëüíîãî îáùåíèÿ â XX âåêå. 18. Êèòàéñêèé ÿçûê
î÷åíü òðóäíûé ÿçûê. 19. Ëåãî — ýòî èçâåñòíàÿ äàòñêàÿ êîìïàíèÿ, êîòîðàÿ ïðîèçâîäèò äåòñêèå èãðóøêè. 20. Ïî÷åìó â
àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå âñå ïóòàþò øâåäîâ ñî øâåéöàðöàìè, äàò÷àí ñ ãîëëàíäöàìè? 21. Íåìöû — î÷åíü ïóíêòóàëüíûå ëþäè.
22. Îíà øâåäêà, å¸ ìóæ øâåéöàðåö. 23. Åãèïòÿíå ãîâîðÿò íà
àðàáñêîì ÿçûêå. 24. Áðèòàíöû ÷òóò ñâîè òðàäèöèè.
41.3
Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Прокомментируйте выделенные слова.
1. The English governed the oceans in the 19th century as if
they were their own property. 2. The Red Sea is the saltiest
sea in the world, and its water is used for medical purposes.
3. They are going for a trip to the Emirates. 4. Benelux is
a regional economic association consisting of Belgium, the
Netherlands and Luxembourg. 5. Have you ever been to the
Sahara desert? 6. The people of Brazil are Brazilians and
they speak (the) Portuguese (language). 7. The Greeks built
a wooden horse that the Troyans took into the city. 8. The
Scandinavians are much of merchants: the Swedish produce
all the materials, the Norwegians transport them, and the
Danish sell them. 9. The English have been called a nation
of shopkeepers. 10. Heaven is where the police is British, the
cooks are Italian, the mechanics are German, the lovers are
French, and all is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the
cooks are British, the mechanics are French, the lovers are
Swiss, the police is German and all is organized by the Italians.
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Ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå âðåìÿ
Past Perfect
Утвердительная форма
I
We
You
They
He
She
It
had
arrived
passed
done
gone
written
cost
The police had
arrived before the
robbers escaped.
I had done the work
by nine o’clock.
Вопросительная форма
Had
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
arrived....?
passed...?
done...?
gone...?
written...?
cost...?
Had the police arrived
before the robbers
escaped?
Had you done the work
by nine o’clock?
Отрицательная форма
I
We
You
They
He
She
It
arrived
passed
had not done
(hadn’t) gone
written
cost
The police hadn’t arrived
before the robbers
escaped.
I hadn’t done the work by
nine o’clock.
Случаи употребления
1. Действие, которое произошло
раньше другого действия или
момента в прошлом.
I remembered that I had met him
before.
She had cleaned the flat by five
o’clock.
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Продолжение табл.
Случаи употребления
2. Действие, которое началось
до какого-то момента в прошлом
и всё ещё продолжалось в тот момент.
(С глаголами не имеющими формы
Continuous: see, hear, know, understand,
realize, like, hate, love, believe, own,
possess.)
I knew they hadn’t seen each other
for many years.
They had owned the house for
twenty years already when they
decided to sell it.
He said he had loved her since he
first saw her.
3. Действие, которое уже завершилось
в прошлом, а второе действие всё ещё
находилось в процессе.
She had done the work and was
speaking on the phone.
The rain had stopped and the sun
was shining brightly.
4. В сложноподчинённых
предложениях с придаточными
времени, вводимыми союзами:
scarcely... when, hardly... when,
no sooner... than, («не успел... как»,
«едва... как»)
Scarcely had I entered the flat,
when the telephone rang.
No sooner had we left the house,
than it began raining.
Hardly had the show ended when
all the mobiles started ringing.
42.1. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения.
1. It was the best book I had ever read. 2. We called him last
night but he hadn’t come home yet. 3. I couldn’t understand
what had happened. 4. She was sure she had met him before.
5. The secretary was reading the fax which she had just got.
6. The programmer had done the work by five o’clock. 7. The
police officer asked why they had parked the car on the square.
8. When we came to the supermarket, it had already closed.
9. The rain had stopped and the sun was shining in the blue sky.
10. She was late for the lecture as she had overslept. 11. Hardly
had I turned on the radio, when I heard breaking news. 12. The
students hadn’t finished writing the test yet when the class
was over. 13. He realized that he had lost his passport. 14. She
couldn’t go to England as she hadn’t received a visa. 15. We had
packed our suitcases and were waiting for the taxi.
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Прошедшее совершенное время
42.2. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. She was sorry for the things that she (do). 2. He was afraid
that she already (learn) the truth. 3. Mary looked at the clock
and realized that it (stop). 4. That night she was very beautiful.
She never (be) so lovely before. 5. My friend complained that
she (spend) all her money. 6. Nobody could explain what really
(happen). 7. When he went out of the office, he saw that his
car (disappear). 8. No sooner she (open) the door than the
children ran to meet her. 9. Jack and Amelia were the only
family she ever (have). 10. The agent realized that he (make)
a fatal mistake. 11. The children went for a walk only after
they (do) their homework. 12. Margaret was a wonderful cook.
Her mother (teach) her to do it. 13. He had a big library but
he not (read) most of the books. 14. He explained that he not
(decide) yet what University to enter. 15. There was nobody at
the office. Everybody (go) out for lunch 16. I looked out of the
window and saw that the rain (stop) already.
42.3.
Дополните следующие предложения согласно образцу. Используйте
данные в скобках слова.
— Did your parents gȒ to the country with you last weekend?
(the weekend before)
— No, they didn·t. They had gone there the weekend before.
1. Did your mother take a day off last week? (the week before).
2. Did the children go skiing on Sunday? (the Sunday before)
3. Did Martin eat at a restaurant yesterday evening? (the evening before) 4. Did your pupils see a movie last Saturday night?
(the night before) 5. Did you and your friends have a picnic
last Sunday? (the Sunday before) 6. Did Helen have a birthday
party last night? (the night before) 7. Did they have their last
exam yesterday? (the day before) 8. Did he fly to the Bahamas
last weekend? (the weekend before) 9. Did you go shopping last
Saturday? (the day before) 10. Did your relatives visit you on
Sunday? (the Sunday before) 11. Did your workmates discuss
politics at the office on Friday? (the day before) 12. Did he put
his car in the garage last night? (the night before).
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42.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îí áûë ñ÷àñòëèâ, òàê êàê ïðîø¸ë èíòåðâüþ. 2. Îíà íå ïîëó÷èëà ðàáîòó, ïîòîìó ÷òî íèêîãäà ðàíüøå íå âûïîëíÿëà òàêóþ
ðàáîòó. 3. Îíè îáñóæäàëè ñâåäåíèÿ, êîòîðûå íàøëè â Èíòåðíåòå. 4. Íÿíÿ âîøëà â êîìíàòó è óâèäåëà, ÷òî ðåá¸íîê óæå
çàñíóë. 5. Ñåêðåòàðøà ñîîáùèëà, ÷òî óæå îòïðàâèëà ôàêñ â
Ãààãó. 6. Îí ïîæàëåë, ÷òî êóïèë ýòó ìàøèíó. 7. Êîãäà ìû ïðèåõàëè íà ñòàíöèþ, ïîåçä óæå óø¸ë. 8. ß âûøëà èç äîìà è
âñïîìíèëà, ÷òî íå âûêëþ÷èëà êîìïüþòåð. 9. Ìîÿ ïîäðóãà ïîäàðèëà ìíå ÷óäåñíûå ðîçû è ñîîáùèëà, ÷òî ñàìà âûðàñòèëà
èõ. 10. Êîãäà ìû âîøëè â çàë, êîíöåðò óæå íà÷àëñÿ. 11. Çàäàíèå îêàçàëîñü ëåã÷å, ÷åì ìû äóìàëè. 12. Îíà æàëåëà, ÷òî îòêàçàëàñü îò ïðèãëàøåíèÿ â òåàòð. 13. Æóðíàëèñò ñîîáùèë, ÷òî
òîëüêî ÷òî âåðíóëñÿ èç Êèòàÿ. 14. Ìû î÷åíü óäèâèëèñü, êîãäà
óçíàëè, ÷òî ýòîò ðîìàí ñòàë áåñòñåëëåðîì. 15. Îí áûë ðàññòðîåí. Îí ïîòåðÿë áóìàæíèê. 16. Âñå õîòåëè óçíàòü, êàê äàâíî îí
â ýòîì áèçíåñå. 17. Êâàðòèðà áûëà â ïîðÿäêå. Ìàìà óáðàëà å¸.
18. Êîãäà ïðèåõàëà ïîëèöèÿ, ãðàáèòåëè óæå ñêðûëèñü. 19. Ÿ
âîëîñû áëåñòåëè. Îíà òîëüêî ÷òî èõ âûìûëà. 20. Îíà íå ñóìåëà âûñòóïèòü íà êîíôåðåíöèè, òàê êàê çàáîëåëà.
42.5. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE
It was a hot summer day in Ancient Rome. A philosopher (cross)
the Tiber ['taǹbNj] in a small boat. During the passage he asked
the boatman if he ever (hear) about Philosophy. The boatman
(reply) that he never (hear) about it. The philosopher (answer)
that the boatman (lose) a quarter of his life because it (be) a
very interesting science. A few minutes later the philosopher
again asked the man if he ever (hear) about Astronomy. The
latter answered that he (have) no idea what it was as he never
(study) it. The philosopher (say) that the boatman (lose) a second
quarter of his life. Some time passed and the philosopher asked
the man if he ever (hear) about Algebra. And the boatman
(have) to say that he never (hear) about it. The philosopher
(explain) to the man that he (lose) a third quarter of his life,
220
Прошедшее совершенное время
as it was the most interesting subject he ever (study). Hardly
he (say) that when the boat (run) on a big stone. The boatman
jumped up and asked the philosopher if he ever (learn) to
swim. The philosopher answered sadly that he never (study)
swimming. The boatman explained to his passenger that soon
he (lose) all his life because the boat (sink1).
42.6. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
MY FATHER
The clock said half-past ten. I (close) my books, (go) to bed
and soon (fall) asleep. In the middle of the night I (wake) up
and (see) that my father’s bed (be) empty. I (remember) that
he (promise) (be) at home by eleven at the latest. As he never
(break) his promises before, I (feel) sure that something serious
(happen) to him. It (take) me a few seconds to decide what to
do. I (run) down the steps of the cabin into the night. It was
light as a full moon (shine). To my right (lie) the lonely road
that (lead) to the dangerous wood. A wild and dangerous idea
(come) to my mind. Not long before that my father (teach) me
to drive the car. So I (think) that the quickest way to find my
father was to drive as fast as I (can). Half an hour later I (find)
my father in the forest with a broken leg.
42.7. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
DOC SPENCER
When I came into the room, I (see) Doctor Spencer. He (examine)
my father who still (lie) on the floor with a broken leg. The
doctor (say) he never (see) such a serious case and that he (have
to) call an ambulance. When it (arrive), the ambulance men
(take) my father to hospital. Doc Spencer (tell) me that I (can)
(stay) with his family till my father (come) back home. But I
(prefer) to stay at home and wait for my father. In the morning
the ambulance men (bring) my father back. They (carry) him
1
to sink [sǹńk] — òîíóòü, ïîãðóæàòüñÿ.
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UNIT 42
in and (lay) him on the bed. Soon Doc Spencer (arrive) to take
a look at the patient. “(Not wake) him till evening. He (need) a
good sleep. And when (be) the last time you (have) something
to eat, my dear boy?” he (ask) me. I not (eat) anything since
the night before. The doc (take) out a parcel from his car and
(give) it to me. “My wife (say) that you (enjoy) it. She (be) a
terrific cook! Just try it!” Then he (get) into his car and (drive)
off. In the room I (open) the doctor’s present and (see) the most
delicious cake I ever (taste) in all my life.
42.8. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. It was warm and sunny. Spring (come) at last! 2. It snowed
yesterday just as the weatherman (promise). 3. Nobody lived in
the village. Tsunami (destroy) it. 4. He bought a video camera
yesterday. He (dream) of it for so long. 5. The child felt much
better now. The doctor (give) it some medicine. 6. Her name
was Apple. Her parents (call) her so. 7. They realized that times
(changed). 8. He couldn’t believe that he (achieve) everything,
that he (make) a good career. 9. He (live) in Samara before he
came to St. Petersburg. 10. By the time the children returned
home from school, Mother (cook) dinner. 11. He was upset. He
(lost) his mobile phone again. 12. She couldn’t believe that he
(forget) to congratulate her on her birthday. 13. The composer
sang the song which he (write) many years before. 14. He was
going to tell the detective some facts which he never (tell)
anyone. 15. They were discussing the information they (manage)
to get.
42.9. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ìû ïîíÿëè, ÷òî åãî æèçíü ñèëüíî èçìåíèëàñü. 2. Êîãäà ÿ
âåðíóëàñü äîìîé, ìîè ðîäèòåëè óæå óøëè â òåàòð. 3. Àäâîêàò
áûë äîâîëåí — îí âûèãðàë äåëî. 4. Îí ïîáëàãîäàðèë ñâîèõ
äðóçåé çà âñ¸, ÷òî îíè ñäåëàëè äëÿ íåãî. 5. Íå óñïåëè ìû âûéòè èç äîìà, êàê ïîø¸ë ñèëüíûé äîæäü. 6. Îí áûë óìíûì ïîëèòèêîì. Æèçíü íàó÷èëà åãî ìíîãîìó. 7. Êîãäà îíè âñòðåòèëèñü
ìíîãî ëåò ñïóñòÿ, òî íå ñìîãëè óçíàòü äðóã äðóãà. Îíè î÷åíü
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Прошедшее совершенное время
èçìåíèëèñü. 8. Íå óñïåëà îíà ïðîèçíåñòè íåñêîëüêî ñëîâ, êàê
ìû âñ¸ ïîíÿëè. 9. ß ïîçâîíèëà åìó è óçíàëà, ÷òî îí óæå íåñêîëüêî äíåé áûë áîëåí. 10. Ìû ïðèãîòîâèëè âñ¸ ê òîìó âðåìåíè, êàê ïðèåõàëè ãîñòè. 11. Ëîíäîí îêàçàëñÿ íàìíîãî êðàñèâåå, ÷åì ìû äóìàëè. 12. Êîãäà ìû âåðíóëèñü, òî âñå õîòåëè
çíàòü, ãäå ìû áûëè. 13. Íå óñïåë ÿ âñêî÷èòü â ïîåçä, êàê îí
òðîíóëñÿ. 14. Ñíåã ïåðåñòàë èäòè, è ñèÿëî ñîëíöå. 15. Äåòè ïîòåðÿëè ñîáà÷êó è èñêàëè å¸ â ñàäó. 16. Îí âêëþ÷èë êîìïüþòåð è ïðîñìàòðèâàë ôàéëû. 17. Îí âûãëÿäåë ñ÷àñòëèâûì. Îí
âñòðåòèë äåâóøêó ñâîåé ìå÷òû. 18. Ìàìà ïðèãîòîâèëà îáåä è
÷èòàëà æóðíàë. 19. Îíà ïîêèíóëà ìàãàçèí òîëüêî ëèøü ïîñëå
òîãî, êàê ïîòðàòèëà âñå äåíüãè. 20. Åäâà òîëüêî ñïåêòàêëü çàêîí÷èëñÿ, êàê çàçâîíèëè âñå ìîáèëüíûå òåëåôîíû.
42.10.
Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках. Перескажите
текст.
JOHN CHAPMAN
Many many years ago there (live) a boy in America whose name
(be) John Chapman. The boy (be) very fond of flowers, trees and
woods, and he (know) all about the animals who lived in them.
Once, as he happily (eat) an apple, he (think) how wonderful it
(be), if he (fill) the countryside with apple-trees, which (be) his
favourite ones. So, when the boy (grow) up, he (begin) (plant)
apple-trees wherever he (go). But once, on a bitter winter day,
he (catch) a cold and (fall) ill. Fortunately, some Indians who
(know) John for a long time (save) him.
Then, one day, John Chapman (open) his eyes and (see) the
people who (save) him. After he completely (recover), he (go)
out into the fields where the snow already (melt). For many
years after that he (go) on planting wonderful trees wherever
he (can). He always (sleep) in the open-air, (cook) simple food
and (make) friends with animals, as he (learn) their language
when he (be) a boy. He (be) sure that if man and nature (live) in
harmony, it (make) the world better, much better. The natives
(love) and (respect) John Chapman as the man who all his life
(try) (make) their countryside rich with beautiful trees and
plants.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 4
43
3
Ïðîøåäøåå ñîâåðøåííîå
ïðîäîëæåííîå âðåìÿ
Past Perfect Progressive
(Continuous)
Утвердительная
форма
I
We
You
They
He
She
It
had been
doing
I had been doing this
work for a long time
when I decided to
have a break.
At last he found the
keys he had been
looking for since
morning.
224
Вопросительная
форма
Had
I
we
you
they
he
she
it
been
doing...?
Had you been doing
this work for a long time
when you decided to
have a break?
Had he been looking
for his keys for a long
time before he found
them?
Отрицательная
форма
I
We
You
They
He
She
It
had not (hadn’t)
been doing
I hadn’t been doing this
work for a long time when
I decided to have a break.
He hadn’t been looking
for his keys for a very long
time before he found
them.
Прошедшее совершенное продолженное время
Случаи употребления
1. Действие, которое началось
до определённого момента
(или действия) в прошлом и всё ещё
продолжается.
They had been driving all night
when they saw the lights of the city.
2. Действие, которое началось
до определённого момента
(или действия) в прошлом, только
что закончилось и результат этого
действия очевиден.
It smelt delicious in the kitchen.
My mother had been making jam.
The boys were dirty from head
to foot. They had been playing
football.
43.1. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. Sam couldn’t get up at 9 o’clock this morning. He (work) in
the Internet all night. 2. Denny was very proud of his collection
of coins which he (collect) since his childhood. 3. Fred (wait) for
his girlfriend for an hour already when he got an SMS: she (get)
into a traffic jam. 4. They (discuss) the problem for hours but
still could not come to any decision. 5. They didn’t want to sell
the house which their family (own) for fifty years. 6. We (drive)
for a few hours before we saw a service station. 7. When my
aunt switched on the TV, her favourite serial (be) on for half
an hour already. She was sorry she (miss) half of it. 8. He was
coughing all the time. He (drink) cold beer the day before. 9. We
decided to make a break. We (work) too long. 10. When I entered
the flat, I saw that everything was in a mess. Somebody (search)
the rooms. 11. The boys had black eyes and torn trousers. They
(fight). 12. At last he found the job which he (look for) for so long.
13. She put aside the book she (read). 14. Mrs. Honey was a very
good teacher. She (work) at our school for twenty years. 15. The
old woman rose from the chair on which she (sit). 16. John was a
computer manager. He (work) for that firm since it was founded.
17. He (be) ill for a week already when I called him.
43.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Â÷åðà ÿ çàêîí÷èë ÷èòàòü «Âîéíó è ìèð» Ëüâà Òîëñòîãî.
ß ÷èòàë å¸ äâà ìåñÿöà. 2. Íà óëèöàõ áûëî ìíîãî ñíåãà. Âñþ
225
UNIT 43
íî÷ü ø¸ë ñíåã. 3. Îíè âñòðå÷àëèñü äâà ãîäà, ïðåæäå ÷åì ïîæåíèëèñü. 4. Áðàóíû íå çíàëè, ÷òî â èõ äîìå äàâíî æèëè ïðèâèäåíèÿ. 5. Ìîÿ áàáóøêà ñêàçàëà, ÷òî âñåãäà õîòåëà ñòàòü ïèñàòåëüíèöåé. 6. Ìû çíàëè äðóã äðóãà ìíîãî ëåò, ïðåæäå ÷åì
ðåøèëè íà÷àòü ñâî¸ äåëî. 7. Æóðíàëèñò ñîîáùèë, ÷òî óæå ìåñÿö ðàáîòàåò íàä íîâîé ñòàòü¸é. 8. Êîãäà îòåö ïðèø¸ë äîìîé,
ìû ñ ìàìîé óæå ÷àñ ãîòîâèëè îáåä. 9. ß äîëãî èñêàëà ñâîé
ïàñïîðò, êîãäà ìàìà ñêàçàëà, ÷òî âçÿëà åãî. 10. Ê òîìó ìîìåíòó, êàê ïðåñòóïíèêà ïîéìàëè, ïîëèöèÿ èñêàëà åãî ìíîãî ëåò.
11. Ïèñàòåëü ðàññêàçàë ñâîèì ÷èòàòåëÿì, ÷òî âñþ æèçíü ñîáèðàë ìàòåðèàë äëÿ ýòîé êíèãè. 12. Ìû áûëè â Ëîíäîíå óæå
íåäåëþ, êîãäà ñëó÷àéíî âñòðåòèëèñü íà Òðàôàëüãàðñêîé ïëîùàäè. 13. Îíè ìíîãî ëåò ïåðåïèñûâàëèñü, ïðåæäå ÷åì âñòðåòèëèñü. 14. Êîãäà ÿ âîø¸ë â êîìíàòó, âñå çàìîë÷àëè. ß ïîíÿë, ÷òî îíè ãîâîðèëè îáî ìíå. 15. Îí ïðåäóïðåäèë, ÷òîáû
ìû íå ñàäèëèñü íà ëàâî÷êó â ñàäó. Îí òîëüêî ÷òî êðàñèë å¸.
16. Â äîìå ÷óäåñíî ïàõëî. Ìàìà ñ óòðà ïåêëà ïèðîãè. 17. Îí
ìûë ìàøèíó îêîëî ÷àñà, êîãäà ïîíÿë, ÷òî ýòî íå åãî ìàøèíà.
Îíà áûëà òîãî æå öâåòà.
43.3. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. When we arrived, Kate already (serve) the dinner. 2. The
garden was white, it (snow) heavily during the night. 3. The
boy said that he (smoke) for some years, but he just (decide)
to give it up. 4. They (sail) for a week when they (run) into a
terrible storm. 5. We decided that we (need) a rest as we (drive)
since early morning. 6. Bob was walking a bit unsteadily. It was
evident that he (drink). 7. They (save) money for the whole
year before they decided to go to Sicily, as they never (be)
there before. 8. She was very young. The reporter wondered
how long she (work) as a model. 9. I decided to call my relatives
as we not (speak) to each other for quite a long time. 10. The
agent informed us that nobody (live) in that house for the last
five years. 11. We (live) in Novgorod for a long time when the
war (break out). 12. In the evening we went to visit Barbara as
we not (see) her new baby yet. 13. The boxer was happy — he
(win) the last round! After all, he (train) hard before the match.
Unit
U
n iitt 4
nit
44
4
Ñîãëàñîâàíèå âðåì¸í
Sequence of Tenses
Характер действия
Прямая речь
Косвенная речь
1. Одновременность
а) действие главного
предложения происходит
одновременно с действием
придаточного предложения
(Past Simple, Past Continuous)
Не said, “I work
hard.”
Не said, “I am
working hard.”
He said (that) he
worked hard.
He said (that) he was
working hard.
б) действия, выраженные
с помощью модальных
глаголов
He said, “I can
work hard.”
He said, “I may
work hard.”
He said, “I have to
work hard.”
He said (that) he
could work hard.
He said (that) he
might work hard.
He said (that) he had
to work hard.
2. Предшествование
(два действия в прошлом, одно
из которых произошло раньше
другого) (Past Simple, Past
Perfect)
He said, “I have
worked hard.”
She said, “I worked
hard.”
They said, “We saw
that film.”
He said (that) he had
worked hard.
She said (that) she
had worked hard.
They said (that) they
had seen that film.
227
UNIT 44
Характер действия
3. Будущее действие (Future
in the Past)
(два действия, одно из
которых в прошлом, а второе
направлено на будущее)
Прямая речь
He said, “I will
work hard.”
She promised,
“I will come.”
Косвенная речь
He said (that) he
would work hard.
She promised (that)
she would come.
Изменения в наречиях времени и места
при переводе из прямой речи в косвенную
yesterday the day before, the previous day
today that day, the same day
tomorrow the next day, the following day
the day before yesterday two days before
last week the week before, the previous week
now then, immediately
next week the next week, the following week
these those
this that
here there
ago before
44.1. Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.
1. Alexander said, “I’m looking for a new job.” 2. She said,
“I need help badly.” 3. Rosie said, “I like roses.” 4. The children
said, “We’re watching a new cartoon film.” 5. The old woman
complained, “I haven’t seen my friends for a long time.”
6. The secretary promised, “I will make a photocopy of it
for you.” 7. My friends said, “We can help you.” 8. The chief
said to Susan, “You may take a day-off tomorrow.” 9. The
programmer said, “I’ll do it on my word-processor.” 10. The
accountant said, “I have been doing this work for twenty years
already.” 11. My neighbours said, “Our dog has run away.”
12. My Granny complained, “I’ve been feeling really bad
lately.” 13. My brother explained to me, “I’ve videotaped this
film, so I’ll show it to you tonight.” 14. Harry said, “I’ve been
228
Согласование времён
sitting at my computer for quite a long time, but I haven’t
done much.” 15. The waitress said, “There is a pay-phone in
the coffee shop.”
44.2. Прочитайте и перескажите следующую шутку в косвенной речи в прошедшем времени.
A CLEVER SHOPLIFTER1
The manager of a supermarket overheard a man who was
boasting about how much he had been stealing from the store.
When the man came in the next day, the manager followed him
around. The man bought a lot of things, and stood in a queue
under the sign “Shoplifters shall be prosecuted.” Then he paid
for everything and loaded his cart. After that he rolled the cart
to his car and put the packets into it.
In the weeks that followed the man often came to the shop,
loaded his cart with packets and tins and boxes. Each time he
paid for every single item. Finally, the manager came up to him
and said, “Mister, I’ve been watching you like a hawk2. I’ve
never seen you pocket one thing. You’ve never hidden anything
under your coat. And you’ve paid for every item you’ve bought.
Look, I won’t say a word to anyone. In fact, I’ll give you a
hundred dollars if you tell me what you’re stealing.”
The man smiled and said, “Shopping carts.”
44.3. А. Переведите следующие предложения в косвенную речь.
1. The manager asked, “Have you done such work before?”
2. My mother asked me, “Are you happy?” 3. My grandparents
asked, “Will you visit us on Saturday?” 4. I asked Kate, “Have
you had many interviews before?” 5. She asked me, “Is this
your first interview?” 6. When I saw Christopher, I asked him,
“Did you get that job?” 7. The teenager said, “I have to get up
early in the morning.” 8. The teacher said, “Are you working
hard at your report?” 9. He asked me, “Do you believe in mir1
2
shoplifting — âîðîâñòâî â ìàãàçèíàõ, a shoplifter — âîð â ñóïåðìàðêåòàõ.
a hawk [hǣ:k] — êîðøóí.
229
UNIT 44
acles?” 10. Liz’s boyfriend said, “I love you and I always will.”
11. People asked, “Is it a good film?” 12. When I came home
from the party, my parents asked me, “Did you have a nice
time?” 13. The passer-by asked, “Is this Tverskaya Street?”
14. He asked, “Will you always support me?” 15. The detective
said, “Must I be there too?”
В. Переведите упражнение 39.3 в косвенную речь в прошедшем времени.
44.4. Прочитайте и перескажите следующие шутки в косвенной речи в прошедшем времени.
DIM AND DIMMER
1. Dim and Dimmer are at a shopping centre. They have just
parked their car not far from it. Suddenly Dim cries out,
“I locked the keys in the car! What shall we do now?” “I’m
afraid we’ll have to break one of the windows to get at them,”
Dimmer says. “Don’t even say that,” Dim answers. “Well,”
says Dimmer, “maybe we can get a wire hanger and use that
to unlock the dock.” “That never works, you’d better think
of something else!” Dim explains. To this Dimmer says, “It’s
starting to rain, and the top is down.”
2. A few days later, Dim and Dimmer were going to meet at
one of the department stores. Dimmer waited for Dim for a long
time but he never showed up. Dimmer went home a bit worried.
When they met in the evening, Dimmer asked his friend, “What
happened? Why didn’t you come?” “It was terrible,” Dim said.
“I was on the escalator, coming to meet you, and suddenly, the
escalator stopped running. I stood there for over an hour while
they were fixing it.” “Did you really stand on the escalator for
an hour?” Dimmer asked very much surprised. “Yes,” Dim said.
“What else could I do?” “Dummy!” Dimmer said. “Why didn’t
you sit down?” — “It never crossed my mind”, was the answer.
44.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îí âîøåë â êîìíàòó è ñïðîñèë, â ÷¸ì äåëî. 2. Îíà ïîîáåùàëà, ÷òî âûÿñíèò, ÷òî ïðîèçîøëî â òîò äåíü. 3. Íà èíòåðâüþ
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Согласование времён
åãî ñïðîñèëè, êàêèìè ÿçûêàìè îí âëàäååò. 4. Íèêòî íå ñìîã
ñêàçàòü, êàêàÿ æå ñàìàÿ äëèííàÿ ðåêà â ìèðå. 5. Îíà ïîäíÿëà
òåëåôîííóþ òðóáêó è ñïðîñèëà, ñ êåì îíà ãîâîðèò. 6. Ïðîäàâåö ñêàçàë, ÷òî îí íå ïîìíèò, ñêîëüêî ñòîèò ýòîò ñëîâàðü.
7. Âñåì õîòåëîñü óçíàòü, êòî æå áûëè ýòè ëþäè. 8. Ïðåñòóïíèê íå õîòåë ãîâîðèòü, êàê åãî çîâóò. 9. Ó÷èòåëü ïðåäóïðåäèë
íàñ, ÷òî òåñò áóäåò òðóäíûé. 10. Ãèä ñïðîñèë íàñ, áûëè ëè
ìû â Àíãëèè ðàíüøå. 11. Øåô ïîèíòåðåñîâàëñÿ, êóäà ýòî âñå
óøëè. 12. Îí îáúÿñíèë, ÷òî êîãäà ìû ïîçâîíèëè åìó, îí âñ¸
åù¸ ñïàë, òàê êàê íàêàíóíå î÷åíü ïîçäíî ë¸ã. 13. ß ïîèíòåðåñîâàëàñü, ãäå îíà êóïèëà ýòó øëÿïêó. Íèêîãäà ðàíüøå ÿ íå
âèäåëà òàêîé øëÿïêè ñ ðàçëè÷íûìè ôðóêòàìè. Îíà îòâåòèëà,
÷òî ýòî ïîñëåäíÿÿ ìîäà è ÷òî îíà ïðèîáðåëà å¸ íà äíÿõ â ìàãàçèíå íà Êóçíåöêîì Ìîñòó. 14. Íà÷àëüíèê ïîïðîñèë ñåêðåòàðøó íå îïàçäûâàòü è âîîáùå áûòü áîëåå îðãàíèçîâàííîé.
15. Ìàìà ïîïðîñèëà ìåíÿ íå òðàòèòü òàê ìíîãî äåíåã íà êîñìåòèêó. 16. Îòåö ïîïðîñèë ìåíÿ âûêëþ÷èòü êîìïüþòåð è èäòè
ñïàòü.
44.6. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках и перескажите текст
в косвенной речи.
TWO LEGS IN ONE BOOT
It was late in the afternoon. Inspector Mayhew (have) an hour
left before the end of the working day. He (sit) in his police car
and (watch) the traffic go by. He (do) it for some time already
when he suddenly (sit) up, as he (notice) something strange.
A woman in a red car (drive) slowly along the road and the
inspector clearly (see) a pair of man’s legs sticking out of the
boot of the car! The inspector immediately (start) (chase) the
red car. The woman (ride) round the town. The blue lamp
on the top of the police car (flash), but the driver not (pay)
any attention to it. The inspector finally (get) in front of her
and (make) her (stop). “What’s the matter?” the woman (cry).
“You’ve got a body in the boot!” the inspector (say). There
(come) a loud laugh from the boot. “But I (be) alive,” the voice
said. “I (be) a car mechanic and I (try) to find the cause of a
strange noise in the back of this car.”
Unit
U
nit
n iitt 4
45
5
Íåñîãëàñîâàíèå âðåì¸í
Правила согласования времён
не соблюдаются:
Примеры
1) если речь идёт
об общеизвестной истине
или фактах, остающихся
верными на сегодняшний
день
The teacher told us (that) there are four
seasons in the year.
I learnt at school (that) the sun rises in the East
and sets in the West.
The train was cold as they always are in winter.
2) если указана точная дата
He said (that) he was born in 1980.
She said they first met in 2005.
3) в придаточных времени,
вводимых союзами when
и since (хотя время Past
Perfect возможно)
She said that when she left school, her brother
was already studying at University.
Marina said that she hadn’t met him since they
(had) parted.
4) Past Progressive
(Continuous) не меняется
He said, “When I came to the office,
everybody was working.” — He said that
when he came to the office, everybody was
working.
5) модальные глаголы
must, should, ought to не
меняются
He said, “I must work hard.” — He said he
must work hard.
She said, “I should do it.” — She said she
should do it.
We said, “You ought to have a rest.” — We
said she ought to have a rest.
6) used to — не меняется
He said, “I used to love football.” — He said
he used to love football.
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Несогласование времён
Продолжение табл.
Правила согласования времён
не соблюдаются:
7) если слова говорящего
тут же передаются кому-то
и относятся к настоящему
или будущему времени. Это
так называемое immediate
reporting.
Примеры
He said, “I don’t ever want to see her.” — He
said he doesn’t ever want to see you. So don’t
call him.
The weatherman said, “It’ll rain in the
evening.” — The weatherman said this
morning that it’ll rain in the evening. So don’t
forget to take an umbrella.
45.1.
Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Объясните случаи несогласования времён.
1. The guide told the tourists that Moscow was founded in 1147.
2. My mother used to tell me that old habits never die. 3. Our
Geography teacher told us at the last lesson that there aren’t any
unknown islands left on the Earth. 4. I wrote that I must see him.
5. He said she should be less bossy. 6. She promised yesterday
that she will decide the question today. 7. My workmate said that
he left college in 2004. 8. The chief said that when he came into
the room, the manager was still working. 9. We went to see my
brother’s baby. It was cute as all babies usually are. 10. My uncle
said that he used to smoke like a chimney. 11. My Grandma
used to tell me that there are three things you just can’t do
in life. You can’t beat the phone company, you can’t make a
waiter see you until he is ready to see you and you can’t go back
to your childhood. 12. He always told his children that actions
speak louder than words. 13. He said that the streets have been
too dangerous for young girls to walk around these nights.
45.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1.  äåòñòâå ÿ âûó÷èë, ÷òî äâàæäû äâà — ÷åòûðå. 2. Êîãäà ìû
ïîäúåõàëè ê îòåëþ â öåíòðå Ëîíäîíà, ÿ ïîñòó÷àë â ñòåêëî,
êîòîðîå òðàäèöèîííî îòäåëÿåò âîäèòåëÿ òàêñè îò ïàññàæèðîâ. 3. Ìîé îòåö, áûâàëî, ãîâîðèë ìíå, ÷òî äåíüãè ýòî åù¸
íå âñ¸ â æèçíè, õîòÿ îíè è âàæíû. 4. Îí ñêàçàë, ÷òî êîãäà
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UNIT 45
îí ïðèø¸ë â óíèâåðñèòåò, ñòóäåíòû âñ¸ åù¸ ñäàâàëè ýêçàìåí. À îí ñäàë åãî åù¸ íåäåëåé ðàíüøå. 5. Îí ïîæàëîâàëñÿ,
÷òî äîëæåí ðàáîòàòü è â ñóááîòó, è â âîñêðåñåíüå. 6. Ïèñàòåëü ñêàçàë, ÷òî îí íàïèñàë ñâîþ ïåðâóþ êíèãó, êîãäà åìó
áûëî òðèäöàòü ëåò. 7. Ó÷èòåëü ñêàçàë, ÷òî ìíå ñëåäóåò ÷èòàòü
áîëüøå êíèã. 8. Íå óõîäèòå, Ìàøà ñêàçàëà, ÷òî ñêîðî áóäåì
ïèòü ÷àé. 9. Ìèñòåð Ðè÷ ñêàçàë, ÷òî åãî ôèðìà áûëà îñíîâàíà â 1980 ãîäó. 10. Ó÷èòåëüíèöà îáúÿñíèëà äåòÿì, ÷òî çåìëÿ
êðóãëàÿ è ÷òî îíà âðàùàåòñÿ. 11. Ìîÿ ïîäðóãà îòâåòèëà ìíå,
÷òî íà âêóñ è öâåò òîâàðèùåé íåò è ÷òî ìíå íå ñëåäóåò êðèòèêîâàòü å¸. 12. Ìàòü òåðïåëèâî îáúÿñíèëà äî÷êå, ÷òî â íåäåëå ñåìü äíåé, à â ãîäó äâåíàäöàòü ìåñÿöåâ. 13. Îíà ñêàçàëà,
÷òî êîãäà âåðíóëàñü äîìîé, áàáóøêà âñ¸ åù¸ ñìîòðåëà ñâîè
ëþáèìûå ñåðèàëû. 14. Ðåêëàìà ñîîáùèëà, ÷òî ïåðâàÿ ëèíèÿ
ìåòðî îòêðûëàñü â Ëîíäîíå â 1860 ãîäó. À ÿ íèêîãäà ðàíüøå
íå çíàë ýòîãî. 15. Íàø ó÷èòåëü ìàòåìàòèêè îáúÿñíÿë íàì â
øêîëå, ÷òî 2 + 2 × 21 ðàâíî íå 8, à 6, òàê êàê â ìàòåìàòèêå ìû
ñíà÷àëà óìíîæàåì è äåëèì, à çàòåì ñêëàäûâàåì è âû÷èòàåì.
45.3. Расскажите следующие истории в косвенной речи в прошедшем времени.
1. Dentist: Stop screaming! I haven’t touched your tooth yet.
Are you afraid of dentists as people usually are?
Brian: Oh no, doctor, but you’re standing on my foot.
2. Bill: Why are you looking so unhappy today? Has anything
happened?
Steve: Nothing special has happened so far. It’s just that I don’t
understand today’s world. My son wears earrings. My daughter
has a tattoo. My wife earns twice as much as I do. I think life
has changed dramatically in the 21-st century.
Bill: So, what are you going to do?
Steve: I’m going home to my parents. Back to the old life.
Bill: Well, Steve, you can never go back to your childhood and
you can’t stop time.
1
to multiply ['mțltipla] — óìíîæàòü.
to divide — äåëèòü.
to add — ïðèáàâëÿòü.
to subtract [sǨb'trækt] — âû÷èòàòü.
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Несогласование времён
3. Mother: What kind of person is your new boyfriend? Is he
respectable?
Daughter: Of course he is, Mom. He is a cool businessman, he
doesn’t drink or smoke, has a very nice wife and three wellbehaved children.
45.4. Перескажите следующие шутки в косвенной речи.
THE BIGGEST LIAR IN THE COUNTRY
Many years ago when the rivers were clean and our Earth was
not polluted, Old Joe was sitting on the river bank fishing. The
catch was good, there was nobody around and Old Joe was very
happy. “Nobody will see me fishing here,” he said to himself. He
was about to go home already when suddenly he heard a man’s
voice over his shoulder asking “Have you caught many fish?”
“Only forty trout,” answered Joe. “I guess you don’t know who
I am,” continued the voice. “I am the fishing inspector here, and
you are breaking exactly six laws.” But Joe was not at a loss.
“I guess you don’t know who I am either,” he said. “I am the
biggest liar in this country. I hope you know that all fishermen
are great liars.”
THE UNHAPPY HEADMASTER
Harry came to his mother one morning while she was having
her breakfast, and said to her, “No one at my school likes me,
Mother. The teachers don’t, and the children don’t. Even the
cleaners and the bus drivers hate me.”
“Well, Harry,” his mother answered, “perhaps you aren’t very
nice to them. If a few people don’t like a person, he or she may not
be responsible for that; but if a lot of people don’t, there’s usually
something wrong, and that person really needs to change.”
“I’m too old to change,” Harry said. “I don’t want to go to
school.”
“Don’t be silly, Harry,” his mother said, going towards the
garage to get the car out. “You have to go. You’re quite well,
and you still have a lot of things to learn. And besides that,
don’t forget that you’re headmaster of the school.”
Unit
U
n
nit
it 4
46
6
Ñòðàäàòåëüíûé çàëîã
The Passive Voice
Действительный залог
Страдательный залог
The news surprises me.
The news surprises Nick.
The news surprises us.
I am surprised by the news.
Nick is surprised by the news.
We are surprised by the news.
The news surprised me.
The news surprised us.
I was surprised by the news.
We were surprised by the news.
Tanya has posted the letter.
The letter has been posted by
Tanya.
The letters have been posted by
Tanya.
Tanya has posted the letters.
Olga will post the letter.
The letter will be posted by Olga.
The doctor is examining him now.
He is being examined now (by the
doctor).
When we moved to Moscow, they
were building a new metro line in the
city.
When we moved to Moscow, a new
metro line was being built in the city.
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Страдательный залог
1. В предложениях с глаголами ask, tell, teach, offer, pay, sell, give, lend, show
возможны два варианта пассивной конструкции.
Our firm offered Tim a good job.
Tom was offered a good job by our firm.
A good job was offered to Tom by our firm.
2. Лишь одна пассивная конструкция возможна в предложениях с глаголами
explain, read, dictate, describe, point out, announce, mention, repeat.
The rule was explained to us.
The book was read to me.
The text was dictated to us.
3. Глаголы sell, wash, wear, bake, read употребляются в действительном залоге,
хотя и имеют пассивное значение.
Detective stories sell well. (Детективные рассказы хорошо продаются.)
This cloth washes and wears well. (Эта ткань хорошо стирается и носится.)
46.1. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. English is spoken all over the world. 2. This novel was written
by Charles Dickens. 3. The question is still being discussed.
4. This contract has just been signed. 5. These shoes were made
in Italy. 6. When I came into the room, the last student was being
tested. 7. They were sure that some way out would be found.
8. The school will have been built by the 1-st of September.
9. My car had been serviced by the weekend. 10. This jacket is
made of velvet. 11. America was discovered many centuries ago.
12. Our flat is still being redecorated. 13. This house was built
by Jack. 14. I was offered a new job. 15. The fax will be sent
today. 16. I was given a high mark for the test.
46.2. Употребите пассивный залог в следующих предложениях.
1. They often do it. 2. They are doing it now. 3. They did it
yesterday. 4. They were doing it last week. 5. They have
already done it. 6. They will soon do it. 7. They had done it
earlier. 8. They planted a lot of flowers in the park. 9. He sends
us messages every day. 10. We’ve just discussed your offer.
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UNIT 46
11. People are using computers in all kinds of work. 12. She’ll
change her furniture soon. 13. The committee will announce the
names of the Nobel Prize winners in May. 14. I’m sure that they
are taping our conversation. 15. This news shocked me.
46.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Åãî êîìïüþòåð ïîêà íå ïîäêëþ÷¸í ê Èíòåðíåòó. 2. Äåòÿì
îáû÷íî íå ðàçðåøàþò èãðàòü ñî ñïè÷êàìè. 3. Ìîé ñâèòåð ñäåëàí â Øîòëàíäèè. Îí ñäåëàí èç øåðñòè. 4. Ÿ çàñòàâèëè ñêàçàòü ïðàâäó. 5. Íà èíòåðâüþ åìó çàäàâàëè îáû÷íûå âîïðîñû.
6. Ýòîò ôèëüì ïîêàçûâàëè íà ïðîøëîé íåäåëå. 7. Òâîè ñ÷åòà
âñ¸ åù¸ íå îïëà÷åíû, à èõ íóæíî îïëà÷èâàòü âîâðåìÿ. 8. Âñå
òâîè þáêè ñëåäóåò ïîäêîðîòèòü, è òîãäà òâîé îáëèê èçìåíèòñÿ. 9. — Èç ÷åãî ñäåëàíà ýòà ìåáåëü? — ß äóìàþ, ÷òî îíà
ñäåëàíà èç ñîñíû. 10. Ýòè òóôëè î÷åíü óäîáíûå. Îíè ñäåëàíû
èç êîæè. 11. Åé ïîñîâåòîâàëè ñåñòü íà äèåòó. 12. Êåì áûë ïîäïèñàí ýòîò äîêóìåíò? 13. Âñå ïðèãîòîâëåíèÿ ê ñâàäüáå áûëè
çàêîí÷åíû ê ïÿòíèöå. 14. Êîãäà ìû ïðèåõàëè â Ëîíäîí, Ïîðòðåòíàÿ ãàëåðåÿ êàê ðàç ðåìîíòèðîâàëàñü. 15. Ñòåêëî ëåãêî
áü¸òñÿ. 16. Òàêèå ïðîáëåìû ëåãêî ðåøàþòñÿ. 17. Äåòåêòèâíûå
ðîìàíû õîðîøî ïðîäàþòñÿ. 18. Ñóõèå ëèñòüÿ áûñòðî ãîðÿò.
19. Äåðåâíÿ áûëà ðàçðóøåíà çåìëåòðÿñåíèåì. 20. Ýòà áëóçêà
ïëîõî ñòèðàåòñÿ. ß îáû÷íî êëàäó å¸ â ñòèðàëüíóþ ìàøèíó.
46.4. Употребите пассивный залог в следующих предложениях.
1. A passer-by showed me the way to the metro station. 2. Don’t
worry! This babysitter will look after the kids very well.
3. Everybody listened to the lecture attentively. 4. They sent us
wedding invitations last week. 5. My boss offered me a day-off.
6. The manager gave the secretary a lot of instructions. 7. My
friends recommended me a good decorator. 8. Some children
taught my little son a few bad words. 9. The chief asked
everybody not to be late. 10. The father promised the boy a
new bike. 11. People speak a lot about that event. 12. Somebody
wants you on the phone. 13. He will show some slides during the
lecture. 14. Our garden is in perfect order. We have cleaned the
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Страдательный залог
paths, cut the grass and watered the flowers. 15. They didn’t
mention the event in the news. 16. The teacher pointed out the
mistake to me. 17. People described the robber to the police so
well that they found him very quickly. 18. Now I’ll dictate some
new words to you. 19. The manager explained the office rules
to the staff. 20. My Granny read wonderful tales to me in my
childhood.
46.5. А. Прочитайте текст и выучите его наизусть.
When Packages Don’t Arrive On Time
things can’t get done,
people wait, clients leave,
orders get backed up, jobs get lost,
bosses get angry, people are disappointed,
stores can’t open, factories shut down,
money gets lost, meetings are missed,
conferences are cancelled, businesses can’t open,
blood pressure goes up, people can’t work,
promises are broken, trust is lost,
opportunities are missed, deals aren’t made,
transactions never happen, ideas aren’t shared,
products don’t get made, information is missed
and the person who used the shipping company
that missed it up looks really really really bad.
When packages do arrive on time, the world works just fine.
В. Расскажите, что происходит с вами, если вы не очень пунктуальны.
46.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ìîñêâà áûëà îñíîâàíà Þðèåì Äîëãîðóêèì â 1147 ãîäó.
2. Íîâîñòè áûëè îáúÿâëåíû ïî âñåì êàíàëàì. 3. Ýòè ìàøèíû
ïðîèçâîäÿòñÿ â ßïîíèè. 4. Êñåðîêñ óñòàíîâèëè â óãëó êîìíàòû. 5. Ìàëü÷èêà âîñïèòûâàëè î÷åíü ñòðîãî. 6. Ýòî ñëîâî ñëåäóåò ïèñàòü ñ äâóìÿ «s». 7. Ìíå ïîäàðèëè êðàñèâóþ ïèæàìó.
Îíà ñäåëàíà èç õëîïêà è ñîâåðøåííî íå ìí¸òñÿ. 8.  àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå îäíî è òî æå ñëîâî ÷àñòî ïèøåòñÿ è ïðîèçíîñèòñÿ
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UNIT 46
ïî-ðàçíîìó. 9. Íå ïðèêàñàéñÿ ê ñòåíå, å¸ òîëüêî ÷òî ïîêðàñèëè. 10. Ðåçóëüòàòû òåñòèðîâàíèÿ áóäóò îáúÿâëåíû çàâòðà.
11. Âñå öâåòû íà íàøåé äà÷å ïîñàæåíû ìàìîé. 12. Îøèáêà áûëà ñäåëàíà î÷åíü äàâíî, à èñïðàâëåíà òîëüêî ñåé÷àñ.
13. Âàì ïðèä¸òñÿ ïîäîæäàòü. Âàøåãî äðóãà ñåé÷àñ îñìàòðèâàåò âðà÷. 14. Ñîáàêè èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äëÿ íàõîæäåíèÿ íàðêîòèêîâ è âçðûâ÷àòêè. 15. Î íîâîì ôèëüìå î÷åíü ìíîãî ãîâîðÿò.
16. Íà ýòîò ñëîâàðü ÷àñòî ññûëàþòñÿ. 17. Çà âðà÷îì ïîñëàëè
äâàäöàòü ìèíóò íàçàä. 18. Ýòîò ðîìàí åù¸ íå ïåðåâåëè íà
ðóññêèé ÿçûê. 19. Âàñ êîãäà-íèáóäü îáìàíûâàëè? 20. Êîãäà
òåñò áóäåò íàïèñàí, òî ó÷èòåëü ïðîâåðèò åãî. 21. Íàä íèì ÷àñòî ñìåþòñÿ.
46.7. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Äîì ïîñòðîåí. Ìû ìîæåì âúåçæàòü (move in). — Êîãäà îí áûë çàêîí÷åí? — Íà ïðîøëîé íåäåëå. 2. — Òåëåâèçîð âêëþ÷¸í èëè âûêëþ÷åí? — Åãî òîëüêî ÷òî âûêëþ÷èëè.
3. Ýòà ïåñíÿ áûëà íàïèñàíà ìíîãî ëåò íàçàä, íî îíà âñ¸ åù¸
ïîïóëÿðíà. 4. Â ñëåäóþùåì ìåñÿöå âñåì ñîòðóäíèêàì äàäóò
ïðèáàâêó (a raise) ê çàðïëàòå. 5. Ïðåçèäåíòà òîëüêî ÷òî ïðîèíôîðìèðîâàëè îá ýòèõ ñîáûòèÿõ. 6. Ãäå áûë ñäåëàí ýòîò
ôèëüì? Êåì îí áûë ïîñòàâëåí? 7. Äåòåé íóæíî âñåãäà ïîäáàäðèâàòü (to encourage). 8. Âñå ýòè êíèãè ñëåäóåò ïðî÷åñòü,
à çàòåì îáñóäèòü. 9. Ïàðíÿ çàñòàâèëè äàòü ëîæíûå ïîêàçàíèÿ. Îí íàäåÿëñÿ, ÷òî åãî îñâîáîäÿò, íî ýòîãî íå ïðîèçîøëî.
10. Êîãäà àíàëèç áóäåò ñäåëàí, âàñ ïðîèíôîðìèðóþò î åãî ðåçóëüòàòàõ. 11. Ìàëü÷èêà íàçâàëè Ìàðòèíîì, êàê åãî äåäóøêó.
12. Ìíîãèå äåòàëè â ýòîé ìàøèíå ñäåëàíû èç æåëåçà. 13. Ðåá¸íêà îêðåñòèëè â ïðîøëîå âîñêðåñåíüå. 14. Ýòîò áåñòñåëëåð
ïåðåâåä¸í íà òðèäöàòü ÿçûêîâ. 15. — Âàñ ïðîñÿò ê òåëåôîíó,
äîêòîð. — Ñêàæèòå èì, ÷òî ìåíÿ âûçâàëè ê øåôó. 16. — ×òî
çäåñü ñòðîèòñÿ? — Ýòî äåòñêèé ñàä. 17. Ìîÿ êâàðòèðà áûëà
ïðèâàòèçèðîâàíà äâàäöàòü ëåò íàçàä. 18. Åñëè òû çàðàíåå
ïðåäóïðåæäåí, òî òû âîîðóæåí. 19. ×òî ñäåëàíî, òî ñäåëàíî.
20. Âî âðåìÿ ëåêöèè áûëî ïîêàçàíî ïÿòüäåñÿò ñëàéäîâ.
Unit
U
n it 4
nit
47
7
Ñâîäíàÿ òàáëèöà
ôîðì ñòðàäàòåëüíîãî çàëîãà
Время
Simple
Progressive
Perfect
Present
I
He
We
am
is
are
asked
I
He
We
am
is
are
being
asked
I
He
We
have
has
have
been
asked
Past
I
He
We
was
was
were
asked
I
He
We
was
was
were
being
asked
I
He
We
had
been
asked
I
shall
(will)
will
shall
(will)
shall
(will)
will
shall
(will)
have
been
asked
Future
He
We
Future
in the
Past
I
He
We
•
would
—
—
—
I
be
asked
be
asked
—
—
—
I
He
We
He
We
would
have
been
asked
Формы Perfect Progressive отсутствуют.
241
UNIT 47
Действительный залог
Страдательный залог
I
can do
can be done
by me.
Не
should do
should be done
by him.
You
ought to do
ought to be done by you.
She
must do
it.
must be done
by her.
It
Не
has to do
has to be done
by him.
Tom
is to do
is to be done
by Tom.
They
may do
may be done
by them.
You
might do
might be done
by you.
47.1. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.
1. My flat will be repaired next month. 2. This Hollywood star
is being interviewed now. 3. The first laser was produced in
1960. 4. The fax has just been sent. 5. I was taught to play chess
at the age of four. 6. This novel will be televised next year.
7. The Olympic torch is usually passed from one runner to the
next one. 8. A new Xerox is being installed at the office now.
9. The message has just been received. 10. I was invited to a
party yesterday. 11. This class will be taught by Mr. Lee. 12. The
tourist group will be met at the airport. 13. I was shocked by
the news. 14. These files will be returned tomorrow. 15. This
contract must be signed by the director.
47.2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы согласно образцу.
— Did you type the report? (no, the secretary)
— No, it was typed by the secretary.
1. Is my car ready? (No, service). 2. Did you direct the play?
(No, Mr. Miller). 3. Do they close the shops at 7 o’clock?
242
Сводная таблица форм страдательного залога
(No, 9 o’clock). 4. Did you collect the tests? (No, the headstudent).
5. Are my letters ready? (No, type). 6. Did you plant the roses?
(No, my mother). 7. Is my steak ready? (No, cook). 8. Do they
deliver laundry on Mondays? (No, Tuesdays). 9. Did you dust
the furniture? (No, my Granny). 10. Do they turn off the central
heating in April? (No, May). 11. Did you discover the truth?
(No, my lawyer). 12. Do they collect rubbish on Sundays?
(No, Mondays). 13. Are my shoes ready? (No, still repair).
14. Do you pay the telephone bills every quarter? (No, every
month). 15. Did you decorate the flat? (No, Mr. Huxley).
47.3. Употребите пассивный залог в следующих предложениях.
1. Someone must call the police. 2. We can easily correct this
mistake. 3. They may easily fool you, so be careful. 4. One can’t
learn a foreign language in a few weeks. 5. They have to do it
right now. 6. You can see these pictures in the Russian Museum.
7. We should warn them about the danger. 8. You can hear this
hit everywhere. 9. People must keep dangerous chemicals in a
safe place. 10. You shouldn’t leave the doors unlocked. 11. They
may raise the price of electricity again. 12. You ought to air
the room from time to time. 13. People must protect wildlife.
14. Aluminium [ælș'mǹniǨm] is a valuable metal. You can use it
again and again. As you can recycle this metal, nobody should
throw away aluminium cans. 15. He is a rude boy. His mother
must teach him good manners.
47.4. Найдите правильный ответ, используя необходимый глагол в пассивном залоге.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
“Alice in Wonderland”
The telephone
The first car
The summer time
Penicillin
“Gulliver’s Travels”
The Tower of London
This dictionary
a.
b.
ñ.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Jonathan Swift.
Jeffrey Chaucer.
in London.
Leonardo da Vinci.
in Paris in 1889.
all over the world.
Tolkien.
Murphy.
243
UNIT 47
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
The first metro line
“The Canterbury Tales”
The Eiffel Tower
The English language
The Mona Lisa
“The Lord Of The Rings”
This grammar book
i. Macmillan.
j. in the 11th century.
k. Lewis Carroll.
l. Alexander Bell.
m. in Germany, Porsche.
n. in England.
o. Alexander Fleming.
47.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Çàìîê â ñåéôå áûë ñëîìàí. Ìû ïîíÿëè, ÷òî êòî-òî ïûòàëñÿ
îòêðûòü åãî, íî íå ñìîã. 2. Ýòî áûëî ñäåëàíî çà ìîåé ñïèíîé,
è ïðîñòèòü ýòî íåëüçÿ. 3. Íàñ ïðåäóïðåäèëè, ÷òî íàø ðàçãîâîð çàïèñûâàåòñÿ. 4. Ñïèñîê íåïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ äàí íà
ïîñëåäíåé ñòðàíèöå. 5. Ñàìîå ïîñëåäíåå èçäàíèå ýòîãî ñëîâàðÿ ïðåêðàñíî ïðîäà¸òñÿ. 6. Ãîñòåé ïðèãëàñèëè ñåñòü çà ñòîë,
êîòîðûé áûë ïðåêðàñíî ñåðâèðîâàí. 7. Êåì áûë ïðèãîòîâëåí
ýòîò îáåä? Îí î÷åíü âêóñíûé! 8. Íåêîòîðûå èñòîðè÷åñêèå
äàòû ñëåäóåò ó÷èòü íàèçóñòü. 9. Áîþñü, ÷òî ýòî íå ìîæåò áûòü
ñäåëàíî ñåãîäíÿ. 10. Âñÿ âàæíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ îáû÷íî ïîñûëàåòñÿ ýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òîé. 11. Ñëîâî «ãðàììàòèêà» ïèøåòñÿ â
àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ñ äâóìÿ «ì». 12. Òî÷íûå öèôðû ïîêà ÷òî íå
áûëè îïóáëèêîâàíû. 13. Ãðàáèòåëè ïîíÿëè, ÷òî êîä íà äâåðè
áûë èçìåí¸í. 14. Îíè íàäåÿëèñü, ÷òî áóäóò ïðèãëàøåíû íà
ôåñòèâàëü. 15. Æäèòå. Âàøà îïåðàöèÿ âûïîëíÿåòñÿ. 16. Ýòîò
íîìåð çàáëîêèðîâàí. 17. Ïðàâèëà åñòü ïðàâèëà, è èõ íóæíî
ñîáëþäàòü. 18. Èõ ñëåäóåò ïðåäóïðåäèòü îá ýòîì êàê ìîæíî
ñêîðåå. 19. Êîãäà ýòî ìîæåò áûòü ñäåëàíî? 20. ×òî ñäåëàíî,
òîãî íå âåðí¸øü.
47.6. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. All the bills (pay) on time, fortunately. 2. Everybody (impress)
greatly by his speech. 3. A lot of money (make) in this business.
4. This job can easily (do) within a few days. 5. She (dress)
in black. 6. Don’t worry! Everything (forget) and you (forgive).
7. English (practise) intensively in these courses. 8. All the details
(email) the other day but no faxes (receive) yet.
Unit
U
n
nit
it 4
48
8
Ïîâòîðåíèå
Revision
48.1. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. ...................... Mediterranean is the most popular holiday area in
...................... Europe. 2. ...................... Cairo is the capital of ......................
Egypt. 3. Last summer Astrid was in ...................... West Indies
visiting her friends. 4. My friend won a cruise to ......................
Hawaii. 5. — Where is your office? — On ...................... 42-nd
Street. 6. Mr. Dunhill hopes to sell the product in ......................
United Arab Emirates. 7. ...................... Pacific is between ......................
America and ...................... Asia. 8. ...................... Malta is an island in
...................... Mediterranean Sea. 9. While we were sailing down
...................... Thames, we took pictures of ...................... Tower, ......................
Houses of Parliament and of the wonderful bridges. 10. This
businessman thinks that the most promising market will be
in ...................... Asia and ...................... North Africa. 11. Do you know
where ...................... Andes are? 12. It takes hours to get somewhere
in ...................... America. Its states are the size of countries in
...................... Europe. ...................... Illinois, for example, is nearly twice
as big as ...................... Austria and four times the size of ......................
Switzerland. 13. George Bernard Shaw said that ......................
England and ...................... United States are two countries separated
by the same language. 14. ...................... Ecuador1 has a very good
geographical location. Fronting ...................... Pacific Ocean, it is
1
Ecuador ['ekwNjdǣ:] — Ýêâàäîð.
245
UNIT 48
close to the commercial centres of the world: ...................... United
States, ...................... Canada, ...................... Japan. As it is near ......................
Panama Canal, it’s easy to reach ...................... Atlantic Ocean and
...................... Europe from here.
48.2.
Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках. Перескажите
шутку.
AN ENGLISHMAN IN CANADA
An Englishman decided to go to Canada on Christmas holiday
as he (hear) many good things about this country. He not (like)
to stay at expensive hotels and (choose) a very cheap one which
(be) near a forest. He (get) a big room which was terribly cold.
In the morning he (feel) awful as he (can) not (sleep) the whole
night. He was sure he (catch) a bad cold and (have to) stay in
bed. He (know) then that he (make) a mistake. But he (think)
that if he (have) a good breakfast, he (feel) much better. So he
(go) downstairs to the restaurant. At that moment a man who
(work) in the forest that night, (come) into the room. He was
blue with cold and there (be) icicles1 on his moustache. When
the Englishman (see) him, he (cry) out, “My God! And in what
room you (sleep) last night?”
48.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Îí øâåä èëè øâåéöàðåö? — Êòî-òî ñêàçàë, ÷òî îí äàò÷àíèí. 2. Àíãëè÷àíå î÷åíü ëþáÿò ôóòáîë. 3. Ïåäðî — èñïàíåö è ãîâîðèò îí íà èñïàíñêîì ÿçûêå. 4. Ðóññêèé ÿçûê —
ñèíòåòè÷åñêèé ÿçûê; àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê — àíàëèòè÷åñêèé
ÿçûê. 5. ßçûê — ýòî ñðåäñòâî îáùåíèÿ. 6. Êèòàéñêèé ÿçûê
ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàìûì ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûì2 â ìèðå ÿçûêîì. Âòîðûì
ÿâëÿåòñÿ àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê. 7. ßïîíöû î÷åíü òðóäîëþáèâûå
ëþäè. 8. Áîëüøèíñòâî äàò÷àí õîðîøî ãîâîðèò ïî-àíãëèéñêè,
÷åãî íå ñêàæåøü î ôðàíöóçàõ. 9. Èòàëüÿíöû è ÿïîíöû æè1
2
246
icicles [‘askǨlz] — ñîñóëüêè.
the most widely used language.
Повторение
âóò äîëüøå, ÷åì äðóãèå íàðîäû. 10. Ãîëëàíäöû âûðàùèâàþò âåëèêîëåïíûå òþëüïàíû. 11. Øîòëàíäöû ëþáÿò õîðîøî
îäåâàòüñÿ. 12. Çíàìåíèòûé ñûùèê áûë áåëüãèéöåì. 13. Áðèòàíöû ãîðäÿòñÿ ñâîåé ïîëèöèåé. 14. Ôðàíöóçû ëþáÿò åñòü
ìîðåïðîäóêòû. 15. Îí èòàëüÿíåö è, êàê âñå èòàëüÿíöû, î÷åíü
õîðîøèé ïîâàð.
48.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках и затем перескажите текст.
JOANNE ROWLING
Joanne Rowling ['rǨșlǹń] is a famous English writer who (be)
born in England in 1965. When she (be) five or six years old,
she (use) (tell) stories to her younger sister. Her stories (be)
about heroic deeds which people usually not (do) in real life.
Her favourite subject at school (be) English and later she (get)
interested in languages. After school she (go) to University
and (study) French as she (find) it very interesting. After
graduating from University, she (work) for a few years as a
secretary but she not (like) her job. At the age of twentysix she (move) to Portugal to teach English. She (teach) in
the afternoons and evenings and in the mornings she (write)
her books. Nobody (want) to publish her first two books, as
publishers (say) that they (be) good for nothing. Her books
(be) about a boy who was a wizard1 and (study) at The School
of Witchcraft2.
Then she (decide) to move to Edinburgh, Scotland, as she wanted
to be nearer to her sister. Finally, her first book “Harry Potter
and the Sorcerer’s Stone” (publish) in the UK in 1997. A year
later her second book (publish). In 1999 J. Rowling (become) an
international literary sensation as her books (take) the three
slots in the bestseller list for Children’s Literature. Since then
J. Rowling (write) some more books about Harry Potter and she
(say) that she not (be going to) stop.
1
2
a wizard ['wzǨd] — âîëøåáíèê.
witchcraft ['wtȒkrǠ:ft] — âîëøåáñòâî.
247
UNIT 48
48.5. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Áðèòàíöû ãîâîðÿò, ÷òî åñëè êîøêà ïåðåõîäèò âàì äîðîãó (to cross one’s path), òî ýòî ê óäà÷å. 2.  ýòîì ìàãàçèí÷èêå ïðîäàþò æåíñêóþ îäåæäó. Íà ýòîé íåäåëå ðàñïðîäàþò
ëåòíþþ êîëëåêöèþ. 3. Â÷åðà ø¸ë äîæäü, à ñåãîäíÿ èä¸ò ñíåã.
4. — ß çíàþ, î ÷¸ì òû äóìàåøü. — È î ÷¸ì æå ÿ äóìàþ? —
ß äóìàþ, òû îïÿòü ìå÷òàåøü î áîëüøîé êðóãëîé ïèööå. 5. Îíà
æä¸ò ðåá¸íêà. Ïîëàãàþ, ϸòð çíàåò îá ýòîì. 6. Âå÷íî òû ïóñêàåøü ïûëü â ãëàçà è âûóæèâàåøü êîìïëèìåíòû! 7. Â÷åðà îí ñêàçàë, ÷òî ó íåãî íèêîãäà íå áûëî âðåìåíè íà ðàçâëå÷åíèÿ. 8. Íó ÷òî æå, äîðîãîé ïðîôåññîð, âû ñäåëàëè èç
ìåíÿ ëåäè è âûèãðàëè ñâî¸ ïàðè. 9. Êòî ñúåë ìîé îáåä? Íà òàðåëêàõ íè÷åãî íå îñòàëîñü. 10. Êòî åë ìîé îáåä? Íà òàðåëêàõ
îñòàëîñü ìàëî åäû. 11. Îí ïîèíòåðåñîâàëñÿ, êóäà âñå óøëè.
12. Îí ñïðîñèë, ãäå ìû áûëè âñ¸ ýòî âðåìÿ. 13. Ýòîò âîïðîñ
äàâíî áåñïîêîèò ìåíÿ, è ÿ äàâíî õî÷ó çàäàòü åãî âàì. 14. Ôåðìåð ñîîáùèë íàì, ÷òî âïëîòü äî ýòîãî äíÿ ïîãîäà áûëà õîðîøàÿ. 15. Ýòî íå÷òî îñîáåííîå, âîò óâèäèøü. È ÷åðåç ìèíóòó
òû áóäåøü ìåíÿ áëàãîäàðèòü. 16. ß ïðîáóþ ñóï, ÷òîáû ïîíÿòü,
íå íóæíî ëè äîáàâèòü ñîëè. — Äà íåò, íà âêóñ îí îòëè÷íûé.
17. Âñå íàäåÿëèñü, ÷òî óñïåõ åãî ïîñëåäíåé êíèãè çíà÷èòåëüíî
óëó÷øèò (to improve) åãî íàñòðîåíèå. 18. Îíà îáúÿñíèëà åìó,
÷òî äîñòàòî÷íî äîëãî ïðîæèëà â Àíãëèè, ÷òîáû çíàòü öåíó
äåíüãàì (áûòü îñòîðîæíîé ñ äåíüãàìè).
48.6. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках. Перескажите текст
в косвенной речи.
THE “CLEVER” MONKEY
It was a terribly hot day in the jungle and all the animals (be)
very thirsty. They (can) not (find) any water and (feel) miserable.
They soon (go) to sleep. The only creature who not (fall asleep)
was a little monkey. The monkey (look) for a drop of water for
a long, long time, but all his efforts (be) useless. And now he
(get) very tired. Suddenly he (see) a tall pot under a tree, but
he not (know) if there (be) any water in it. He (understand) that
he (die) if he not (have) some water. The monkey (begin) to
rock the pot very gently and (hear) that some water (splash) in
248
Повторение
it. “I must (make) the water (rise)”, (think) the clever animal. So
he (find) some big stones and (drop) them into the pot one by
one, very gently. The water (rise) high, and the monkey (drink)
it happily. And then he (decide): “When the water (get) too low,
I (drop) some more stones into the pot again, and I (be able) to
drink some water. And now I definitely (survive)”!
Wasn’t that a “clever” monkey?
48.7. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Òåëåôîí áûë èçîáðåò¸í àíãëè÷àíèíîì — Àëåêñàíäðîì Áåëëîì. 2. Ïåðâàÿ ïîñàäêà (landing) íà Ëóíó áûëà ñäåëàíà â 1969
ãîäó àìåðèêàíöàìè. 3. Ýòè ïðîáëåìû áóäóò î÷åíü ñêîðî ðåøåíû. 4. Ìíå íà äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ ïîäàðèëè øâåéöàðñêèå ÷àñû.
5. Íàñ ïîïðîñèëè ïðèåõàòü â âîñåìü ÷àñîâ. 6. Ýòî ñî÷èíåíèå
äîëæíî áûòü ñäàíî â ñëåäóþùèé ïîíåäåëüíèê. 7. Íàì ïðèä¸òñÿ çàíèìàòüñÿ â äðóãîé àóäèòîðèè, òàê êàê çàë ñåé÷àñ êðàñÿò. Åãî íå ðåìîíòèðîâàëè äåñÿòü ëåò. 8. Ñòóäåíòàì îáúÿâèëè,
÷òî ëåêöèÿ ñîñòîèòñÿ ÷åðåç ïîëòîðà ÷àñà. Èì ðàçðåøèëè ñïóñòèòüñÿ â áóôåò è ïåðåêóñèòü. 9. Âå÷åðîì îí âñïîìíèë, ÷òî
çàáûë ïîçâîíèòü ðîäèòåëÿì. Êîãäà îí ïîçâîíèë èì, òî óñëûøàë, ÷òî èõ íîìåð çàáëîêèðîâàí. Îíè íå îïëàòèëè òåëåôîííûå ñ÷åòà. 10. Íå óñïåëà ÿ âêëþ÷èòü òåëåâèçîð, êàê óâèäåëà
íà ýêðàíå ìýðà ãîðîäà, íàø óíèâåðñèòåò è íåêîòîðûõ íàøèõ
ñòóäåíòîâ. Íîâîå çäàíèå óíèâåðñèòåòà áûëî ïîñòðîåíî ê ïåðâîìó ñåíòÿáðÿ. 11. Îíà áûëà ïîïóëÿðíîé ïåâèöåé. Îíà áûëà
â øîó-áèçíåñå óæå äâàäöàòü ëåò. 12. Ýòîò èíöèäåíò áûë óïîìÿíóò â ïîñëåäíèõ íîâîñòÿõ. Ïëîõèå íîâîñòè áûñòðî ðàñïðîñòðàíÿþòñÿ. 13. Ïðåçèäåíò ñêàçàë, ÷òî äàâíî ãîòîâèëñÿ ê ýòîé
âñòðå÷å íà Êàâêàçå. 14. Àãåíò áûë ãîòîâ äåéñòâîâàòü. Òàéíàÿ
îïåðàöèÿ ãîòîâèëàñü åãî ëþäüìè óæå íåñêîëüêî ìåñÿöåâ.
48.8 Используйте правильную форму глагола в скобках. Перескажите рассказ.
A WHALE HUNT
The sea was calm, and the sun (shine) brilliantly on the placid
waveless waters. We (be) on the sea for some weeks and (be)
now in the middle of the South Pacific Ocean. In the distance
249
UNIT 48
a school of porpoises (play) and (splash) about in the sea, and
beneath the glassy water smaller fish (swim) about, occasionally
coming to the surface to pick up any food that (fall) from the
ship. Suddenly a large whale (begin) to spout in the distance,
and immediately all the boats (launch) and the party (start)
in pursuit. As we (come) nearer we (perceive) that we (find) a
school of large whales.
As soon as one of the monsters (appear) — for whales cannot
remain below for a very long time — the men in the boat nearest
to him (hurl) their harpoons which (bury) themselves right in
his flesh, and the whale immediately (dive) down, dragging the
boat along at a great speed. Meanwhile the other boats (come)
nearer and nearer to the scene of the encounter, and we all
(wait) anxiously for his reappearance, fearing lest the ropes not
(be) long enough. The boat (should, be) dragged along at a great
pace, and the water (fill) it — though the whale (show) no signs
of exhaustion — when suddenly he (reappear), and immediately
a number of fresh harpoons (be) hurled at him.
This (excite) the monster so much, that full of fury, he (attack)
the boat, and with one blow of his mighty tail (break) it to
pieces, hurling the men in it high into the air. A strange
scene then (present) itself. Men (struggle) in the water in all
directions — some (swim) towards the other boats, others
(cling) to fragments of the wreck; some of the boats (try) to give
assistance to the drowning men, while others (dart) in pursuit
of the whale which (make off) as fast as he (can).
48.9. Переведите следующий текст.
רÐÍÛÉ ÒÞËÜÏÀÍ
Ìíîãî ëåò íàçàä æèë â Íèäåðëàíäàõ, íà îêðàèíå Ãààãè, íè÷åì íå ïðèìå÷àòåëüíûé (unremarkable) ÷åëîâåê ïî èìåíè
Ãàíñ. Îí áûë ñàïîæíèêîì ïî ïðîôåññèè è ê òîìó æå î÷åíü
õîðîøèì. Ãîëëàíäöû, êàê èçâåñòíî, î÷åíü ëþáÿò öâåòû, îíè â
îñîáåííîñòè ñëàâÿòñÿ ñâîèìè òþëüïàíàìè. È Ãàíñ íå áûë èñêëþ÷åíèåì.  òå÷åíèå ìíîãèõ ëåò îí âûðàùèâàë ðàçëè÷íûå
âèäû òþëüïàíîâ, ïîêà â îäèí ïðåêðàñíûé äåíü íå óâèäåë â
250
Повторение
ñâî¸ì ñàäó íåîáûêíîâåííûé òþëüïàí. Îí áûë ÷¸ðíûé. Íèêòî
ðàíüøå íå âûðàùèâàë ÷¸ðíûå òþëüïàíû, è Ãàíñ î÷åíü ãîðäèëñÿ ñâîèì óäèâèòåëüíûì öâåòêîì. Íîâîñòè, êàê âû çíàåòå, ðàñïðîñòðàíÿþòñÿ î÷åíü áûñòðî. È íîâîñòü îá óíèêàëüíîì
öâåòêå ñòàëà èçâåñòíà ïî âñåé ñòðàíå. Ìíîãèå õîòåëè êóïèòü
ëóêîâèöó ÷¸ðíîãî òþëüïàíà, íî ñàïîæíèê-ñàäîâíèê è ñëóøàòü îá ýòîì íå õîòåë, õîòÿ è î÷åíü íóæäàëñÿ â äåíüãàõ.
Îäíàæäû ïðèåõàëè ê Ãàíñó ëþäè, êîòîðûå ïðåäëîæèëè åìó
ñòîëüêî äåíåã, ñêîëüêî îí íå çàðàáîòàë çà âñþ ñâîþ æèçíü,
õîòÿ îí âñåãäà áûë î÷åíü èñêóñíûì ìàñòåðîì è òðóäîëþáèâûì ÷åëîâåêîì. Ãàíñ äóìàë íåñêîëüêî äíåé è ñêàçàë, ÷òî ïðîäàñò ëóêîâèöó. È íåóäèâèòåëüíî! Âåäü â òîì âðåìÿ, à èìåííî â
1670 ãîäó, íà ýòè äåíüãè ìîæíî áûëî êóïèòü íåñêîëüêî äîìîâ.
Òîëüêî ïîñëå òîãî, êàê îí ïîëó÷èë äåíüãè è ïåðåñ÷èòàë èõ,
îí îòäàë ýòèì ëþäÿì ñâî¸ ñîêðîâèùå. Íå óñïåëè íåçíàêîìöû
ïîëó÷èòü ëóêîâèöó, êàê îíè áðîñèëè å¸ íà çåìëþ è ñòàëè òîïòàòü, ïîêà îò íå¸ íè÷åãî íå îñòàëîñü. «×òî âû äåëàåòå? Âû ÷òî,
ñ óìà ñîøëè? — çàêðè÷àë ïîòðÿñ¸ííûé Ãàíñ. — ß âñþ æèçíü
òðóäèëñÿ, ÷òîáû âûðàñòèòü ýòî ÷óäî, à âû åãî óíè÷òîæèëè!» —
«Ãëóïåö! — îòâåòèëè åìó, — ìû áûëè ãîòîâû çàïëàòèòü òåáå
â äâà ðàçà áîëüøå. Äåëî â òîì, ÷òî ìû òîæå âûðàñòèëè ÷¸ðíûé
òþëüïàí, íî ìû íå õîòèì íèêàêèõ êîíêóðåíòîâ â ýòîé ñòðàíå!» Êîãäà Ãàíñ óñëûøàë, ÷òî îí óïóñòèë øàíñ ïîëó÷èòü â äâà
ðàçà áîëüøå äåíåã, ÷åì òå, ÷òî åìó äàëè, îí ñîø¸ë ñ óìà. Íó,
à ÷¸ðíûå òþëüïàíû ïåðåñòàëè ñî âðåìåíåì áûòü ðåäêîñòüþ.
Íàèáîëåå èçâåñòíûå èõ ñîðòà íàçûâàþòñÿ «Êîðîëåâà íî÷è»,
«×¸ðíàÿ êðàñàâèöà», «×¸ðíàÿ ìàãèÿ», «×¸ðíûé ãåðîé».
Unit
U
n
nit
it 4
49
9
Ïðîáëåìíûå ãëàãîëû
Problem Verbs
Глагол непереходный
Глагол + дополнение
(переходный глагол)
1. * lie — lay — lain — lying
лежать, находиться
You must lie down and rest a little.
She lay for an hour after dinner.
1. lay — laid — laid — laying
положить что-то куда-то
He laid the fax on the desk.
She laid the baby gently down on its
bed.
2. rise — rose — risen — rising
подняться, встать, взойти
The sun rises in the East and sets in
the West.
We rose from the table half hungry.
2. raise — raised — raised — raising
поднять что-то
He raised his hand in greeting.
I won’t raise a finger to help them.
3. sit — sat — sat — sitting
сидеть
Please sit down and relax.
We sat in the last row at the cinema.
3. set — set — set — setting
поставить, установить что-то где-то
She set the vase on the table.
Finally good weather set in.
4. hang — hung — hung — hanging
повесить что-то
Where shall we hang the clock?
We hung the picture over the table.
4. hang — hanged — hanged —
hanging (повесить кого-то за что-то)
What was he hanged for?
They hanged him for murder.
252
Проблемные глаголы
Не путайте следующие глаголы:
1. * to lie — lied — lied — lying
(лгать)
We all lie sometimes.
I saw that she was lying.
to lie — lay — lain — lying
(лежать)
You should lie on your side for an
injection.
The cat was lying on the TV-set.
2. to find — found — found — finding (найти что-то)
She found a good job.
to found — founded — founded — founding (основать что-то)
He founded a new company.
49.1. Выберите правильное слово, употребив его в необходимой форме.
1. lie — lay
1. The officer ordered his soldiers to ...................... on the ground.
2. The boxer ...................... for a few seconds and jumped up again.
3. My Granny likes to ...................... a bit after dinner. 4. The hen
has ...................... a golden egg. 5. She ...................... the basic rules in
the family. 6. He wanted to ...................... the world at her feet.
7. I ...................... the package on the counter and now it’s gone.
8. He ...................... the gun under the tree.
2. rise — raise
1. She ...................... at 6 o’clock every morning and goes jogging.
2. If you want to ask a question, ...................... your hand. 3. The
temperature is ...................... . It will be hot tomorrow. 4. Don’t
...................... your voice at children! 5. She ...................... the lid and
looked at the soup. 6. He ...................... from the chair and ......................
the heavy suitcases easily. 7. These are the people who ......................
me and took care of me. 8. The smoke ...................... to the ceiling.
9. The number of shops in Moscow is ...................... all the time.
10. I am a lawyer and I help firms to ...................... money.
3. sit — set
1. She ...................... back, closed her eyes, and tried to relax. 2. If
you ...................... in the sun too long, you may have serious burns.
3. Wise people advise to ...................... aside some money for a rainy
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UNIT 49
day. 4. After I ...................... the tray down, I returned to the kitchen. 5. The boat will ...................... five people. 6. She ...................... the
coffee-pot on the coffee table. 7. I like to watch how the sun
...................... .
49.2. Выберите правильное слово, употребив его в необходимой форме.
I. find — found
1. I can’t ...................... my watch anywhere. 2. Cortes ...................... Mexico City. 3. When she got home, she ...................... an e-mail from
the office. 4. We easily ...................... our way in the forest. 5. They
...................... this business ten years ago. 6. This Party ...................... by
a well-known politician. 7. The theatre ...................... in 1720. 8. We
...................... a nice little cafe near the theatre. 9. I always try to
...................... time for my friends. 10. Sir Henry Tate ......................
the Tate Gallery. 11. Who ...................... America? 12. Lomonosov
...................... Moscow University in 1755.
II. hung — hanged
1. The jacket ...................... on a rack by the door. 2. The criminal
...................... . 3. He usually ...................... his coat on the hook behind
the door. 4. He tried to ...................... himself. 5. Witches ...................... in
those times. 6. Her long hair ...................... over her face. 7. White
clouds ...................... in the sky. 8. People ...................... for stealing in
medieval times. 9. The map of the world ...................... in this classroom by our Geography teacher. 10. My brother ...................... a lot
of posters in his room when he was a teenager. 11. I promised
that if he didn’t do it, I would ...................... him. Of course I was
joking.
49.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Êíèãà ëåæàëà íà ñòîëå ïÿòü ìèíóò íàçàä. 2. Èíîãäà îí
ïðîñòî ëåæèò íà äèâàíå è ñìîòðèò â ïîòîëîê. 3. Îí ïîäíÿëñÿ èç-çà ñòîëà è âûøåë. 4. Öåíà áåíçèíà ïîñòîÿííî ðàñò¸ò.
5. Öåíû íà æèëü¸ î÷åíü âûðîñëè â ïðîøëîì ãîäó. 6. Îíà çàáûëà, êóäà ïîëîæèëà êëþ÷è. 7. Äèñíåé îñíîâàë ñâîþ êèíîêîìïàíèþ. 8. Ìàìà ïîâåñèëà îäåæäó â øêàô. 9. Ðóæü¸ ëåæàëî íà ïîëêå ïîä áàðîì. 10. Ðàêåòà ïîäíÿëàñü â êîñìîñ. 11. Îí
254
Проблемные глаголы
çàêàçàë ñòàêàí âèíà, ïðîñòî ÷òîáû ïîäíÿòü ñâî¸ íàñòðîåíèå
(spirits). 12. ß ëþáëþ íàáëþäàòü, êàê âñòà¸ò è ñàäèòñÿ ñîëíöå.
13. Îíà âèäåëà, ÷òî îí îïÿòü âð¸ò åé. 14. Êîøêà ëåæàëà íà
ìîåé êðîâàòè è ñïàëà. 15. Êîìíàòà âìåùàåò äâàäöàòü ÷åëîâåê.
16. Âîçäóøíûå øàðèêè ïîäíÿëèñü âûñîêî â íåáî. 17. Ãäå íàì
ïîâåñèòü ÷àñû? 18. Îí áûë ñåðèéíûé óáèéöà, è çà ýòî åãî ïîâåñèëè ìíîãî ëåò íàçàä. 19. Çíàìåíèòàÿ ïåâèöà îñíîâàëà ýòó
ìóçûêàëüíóþ øêîëó. 20. Åñëè òû çíàåøü îòâåò, òî ïîäíèìè
ðóêó. 21. Íàëåâî îò ìåíÿ ëåæàëà äîðîãà â ãîðîä. 22. Íàñåëåíèå
ãîðîäà ïîäíÿëîñü äî äâóõ ìèëëèîíîâ ÷åëîâåê. 23. Ñíåã ëåæàë
òîëñòûì ñëîåì (deep) ïîä äåðåâüÿìè. 24. ß ïîâåñèë òðóáêó.
 îôèñå íèêîãî íå áûëî. 25. Íèêòî íå çàìåòèë, ÷òî êàðòèíà
áûëà ïîâåøåíà ââåðõ íîãàìè.
49.4. Заполните пропуски необходимыми по смыслу словами.
1. A strong wind ...................... and it became colder. 2. He told us a
few jokes just to ...................... our spirits. 3. They found a horseshoe
and ...................... it over the door. 4. Tretyakov ...................... a picture
gallery. 5. Finally, he ...................... the necessary words. 6. He
knocked on the door and ...................... his hand in greeting. 7. She
had two small children to ....................... . 8. Mum is going to ......................
the table for tea. 9. I’m going to ...................... down for a while
before dinner. 10. The sun ...................... in the East and ...................... in
the West. 11. ...................... to table, please. 12. A thick fog ......................
over the Thames. 13. The Scout Association ...................... in 1908 by
Lord Baden-Powell. 14. Cold weather ...................... in at the end of
September. 15. — Who ...................... rules in your family? — My
father does. 16. The mirror ...................... over the chest of drawers.
17. Never ever ...................... your voice at me! 18. The tourists
...................... to the top of the hill. 19. The director ...................... very
important problems. 20. He didn’t tell us the truth, he ......................
again. 21. Every morning soon as the sun ......................, John Smith
...................... a flag over his house. 22. She — ill for two weeks.
23. I — down the pen and shut the book. 24. Shall I — the table
for supper? 25. Her eyes — to meet mine.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 5
50
0
×èñëèòåëüíîå
The Numeral
Количественные (Cardinal)
сколько? (how many?)
Порядковые (Ordinal)
какой? который? (which?)
0
zero
0
zero
1
one
1st
first
2
two
2nd
second
3
three
3rd
third
4
four
4th
fourth
5
five
5th
fifth
6
six
6th
sixth
7
seven
7th
seventh
8
eight
8th
eighth
9
nine
9th
ninth
10
ten
10th
tenth
11
eleven
11th
eleventh
12
twelve
12th
twelfth
13
thirteen
13th
thirteenth
14
fourteen
14th
fourteenth
15
fifteen
15th
fifteenth
256
Числительное
Продолжение табл.
Количественные (Cardinal)
сколько? (how many?)
Порядковые (Ordinal)
какой? который? (which?)
16
sixteen
16th
sixteenth
17
seventeen
17th
seventeenth
18
eighteen
18th
eighteenth
19
nineteen
19th
nineteenth
20
twenty
20th
twentieth
21
twenty-one
21st
twenty-first
22
twenty-two
22nd
twenty-second
23
twenty-three
23rd
twenty-third
30
thirty
30th
thirtieth
40
forty
40th
fortieth
50
fifty
50th
fiftieth
60
sixty
60th
sixtieth
70
seventy
70th
seventieth
80
eighty
80th
eightieth
90
ninety
90th
ninetieth
100
one hundred
100th
hundredth
101
one hundred and one
101st
hundred and first
102
one hundred and two, etc
102nd
hundred and second
200
two hundred
200th
two hundredth
1. Room one (1), но: the first room
Page two (2), но: the second page
Task three (3), но: the third task
File four (4), но: the fourth file
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UNIT 50
Text five (5), но: the fifth text
Number six (6), но: the sixth number
a second, a third (в значении «ещё один»)
Would you like a second cup of tea? It was a first night. (премьера)
Ho: First Avenue, 42-nd Street, Fifth Avenue
2. two hundred students, five million people
3. to be on cloud nine (in seventh cloud) with joy...
(быть на седьмом небе от счастья).
1. nought [nǣ:t]
0.7 = nought point seven (в математике)
2. zero ['zNjrNju]
–15°C = minus fifteen degrees или fifteen degrees below zero (в науке, например для обозначения температуры)
3. о [Njˬ]
705 21 80 = seven о five two one eight о (в телефонных номерах)
4. nil или nothing
2:0 = the score was two nothing или two nil (в спорте для обозначения счета игры)
50.1. Употребите правильную форму числительного в скобках.
1. It’s ... of ... today. 2. It’s (8) o’clock already. 3. There are (7)
students in this group. 4. Read text (4). 5. You have a mistake in
(3) sentence. 6. Do (22) task. 7. You must do (1) exercise orally,
and (2) one in written form. 8. (2) is company, and (3) is a crowd.
9. The information is in file (11). 10. They got a new flat on (68)
Street. 11. It is their (11) anniversary today. 12. (5) years later he
became the manager of the firm. 13. The temperature today is
(20) degrees below (0). 14. She was like (2) mother to me. 15. —
Would you like (2) cup of tea? — No more, thank you. 16. The
score of the match was 4:0. 17. My birthday is on ... of ... .
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Числительное
50.2. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. His office is on ...................... Fifth Avenue, on ...................... fortieth
floor of a skyscraper. 2. The conference will take place on
...................... second floor in ...................... room 204. 3. My boyfriend’s
birthday is on ...................... 8th of March. 4. ...................... exercise sixty
is in ...................... Unit 24. 5. You must give it ...................... second
thought. 6. ...................... year passed, then ...................... second, then
...................... third one, but there was still no news of them. 7. Three
years later they had ...................... second son. 8. The child has a
high temperature, it’s nearly ...................... 40 degrees. 9. You must
certainly have ...................... second try. 10. ...................... 21 century is the
century of new technologies. 11. I was ...................... fourth to answer
at the exam, and accordingly, I got ...................... four. 12. Catherine
...................... Second put a monument to Peter ...................... First in
St. Petersburg. 13. Take ...................... first turning to the right.
14. I am on ...................... cloud nine with happiness. 15. Will you
give me ...................... second chance? 16. Today, in court they are
listening to ...................... case 123. 17. ...................... participle I (one)
is used for building up progressive tenses, ...................... participle
II (two) is used to build up passive forms. 18. They met at
...................... first night at the Maly Theatre. 19. She was ......................
third-year medical student. 20. Your lawyer is on ...................... line
two. He wants to talk to you. 21. She did it without ......................
second thought.
50.3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What’s the date today? And what day is it today? 2. What’s
the temperature outside? 3. What’s the temperature in your
flat (house)? 4. What’s your official address? 5. What’s your
telephone number? 6. Where is your office (school) situated?
7. When did you leave school? 8. When did you become a
student? 9. When did you start to earn your living? 10. What’s
the normal temperature of a healthy person? 11. How many
kilometers are there in the mile? 12. How many years are there
in a millennium? 13. How many planets are there in our Solar
System? 14. What is your lucky number?
259
UNIT 50
50.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ìû íà÷àëè ïèñàòü êîíòðîëüíóþ ðàáîòó â 2 ÷àñà, è íàì ïîíàäîáèëîñü äâà ÷àñà, ÷òîáû íàïèñàòü å¸. 2.  ñòîëåòèè — ñòî
ëåò, à â òûñÿ÷åëåòèè — òûñÿ÷à. 3. — Òâîåìó øåôó ñîðîê
ëåò? — Íåò, åìó ïÿòüäåñÿò. 4. Íàì íóæíà âòîðàÿ ìàøèíà.
Ñåìüÿ óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ, è îäíîé ìàøèíû íåäîñòàòî÷íî. 5. Íàñåëåíèå Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè îêîëî 150 ìèëëèîíîâ ÷åëîâåê. 6. — Êàê íàñ÷¸ò âòîðîé ÷àøå÷êè êîôå? — Íå îòêàæóñü.
7. Ïîñëå ðàáîòû ìû äåëàåì ïîêóïêè â «Ñåäüìîì êîíòèíåíòå». 8. Áîëüíîé íàõîäèòñÿ â ïàëàòå ¹ 6. 9. Øêîëà 1239 íàõîäèòñÿ íà 15-é Ïàðêîâîé óëèöå. 10. Òîì Áðàóí — ïîáåäèòåëü
«Ôîðìóëû-2». 11. Ñåãîäíÿ ýòà êíèãà ÿâëÿåòñÿ áåñòñåëëåðîì
¹ 1 â Àíãëèè. 12. ß íà ñåäüìîì íåáå îò ñ÷àñòüÿ. 13. Ðåéñ
452 îòïðàâëÿåòñÿ â 14:40. 14. — ×òî èä¸ò ïî ñåäüìîìó êàíàëó? — Íå çíàþ, ÿ ñìîòðþ «Ïÿòûé óãîë» ïî ÷åòâ¸ðòîìó êàíàëó. 15. Äàâàé âñòðåòèìñÿ íà ïëàòôîðìå ¹ 8. 16. Ïåðâàÿ
ëþáîâü íå çàáûâàåòñÿ. 17. Îíà îäåâàåòñÿ êàê ïåðâàÿ ëåäè.
18. Ðîáåðò ïîëó÷èë ïåðâîêëàññíîå îáðàçîâàíèå â Îêñôîðäå.
19. Îíè ñòàëè äëÿ ìåíÿ âòîðîé ñåìü¸é. 20. Äâåñòè ñòóäåíòîâ
ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñòèå â êîíôåðåíöèè. 21. Ïÿòüñîò äåòåé ó÷àòñÿ â
ýòîé øêîëå. 22. Ýòîò ôèëüì îáîø¸ëñÿ â ñåìüäåñÿò ìèëëèîíîâ
äîëëàðîâ.
50.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïÿòüñîò ñòóäåíòîâ ó÷àòñÿ íà ýòîì ôàêóëüòåòå. Ñòî äâàäöàòü ñòóäåíòîâ ó÷àòñÿ íà ïåðâîì êóðñå. Ýòî ñàìûé áîëüøîé
êóðñ. 2. Çàäà÷à íîìåð îäèí äëÿ ìåíÿ — ýòî ó÷èòüñÿ. 3. Ìîÿ
ñåñòð¸íêà èäåò â ïåðâûé ðàç â ïåðâûé êëàññ. 4. Ýòà êàðòèíà ñòîèò äâà ìèëëèîíà äîëëàðîâ. 5. Ýòî ïðàâèëî ìîæíî ïðî÷èòàòü íà 36 ñòðàíèöå. 6. Ìàøèíà åõàëà ïî ÷åòâ¸ðòîé ïîëîñå. 7.  òðåòüåé ñòðîêå ñâåðõó åñòü îïå÷àòêà (a misprint).
8. Ôóòáîëüíûé ìàò÷ çàêîí÷èëñÿ ñî ñ÷¸òîì 2:0. 9. Ýòî ïåðâîêëàññíûé îòåëü. Îí òåáå ïîíðàâèòñÿ. 10. Ïåðâûé ìîáèëüíûé
òåëåôîí ïîÿâèëñÿ â Øòàòàõ â øåñòèäåñÿòûå ãîäû. 11. Îíà
ïîëó÷èëà âèäåîêàìåðó íà ñâîé ÷åòûðíàäöàòûé äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ. 12. 31 äåêàáðÿ âñå ëþäè âñòðå÷àþò Íîâûé Ãîä. 13. Ïåðåâåðíèòå ñòðàíèöó è ÷èòàéòå òåêñò ¹ 6.
Uni
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 5
51
1
Other
(лишь как определение
существительного)
Other people (any other man, woman).
Other plans, other books, other countries, in other
words, some other time.
Moscow is bigger than any other city in this
country.
What other countries have you visited?
The other
(выбор лишь из двух
лиц или предметов)
One glove is here, but where is the other?
We have two rooms. One is a bedroom, the other is
a sitting-room.
I have two friends. One is an actor, the other is an
artist.
Others
(употребляется как
существительное, имеет
очень общее значение)
Some people like coffee, others prefer tea.
I don’t care what others (or other people) say.
Some books are worth reading, others are just a
waste of time.
The others
(«другие», «остальные»
из определённой
группы людей или
предметов)
Two of the seven students are here. Where are the
others?
Let’s wait till the others come back.
We got some faxes yesterday. Two are for the chief,
the others are for the manager.
Another
(«любой другой», «ещё
один», как определение
только с исчисляемым
существительным в ед.
числе)
I don’t like this scarf, show me another one.
Would you like another cup of tea?
I have another dog now, the old one ran away.
It happened in another country.
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UNIT 51
1. the other day (на днях) — в отношении прошлого (Past Simple).
We met the other day on the street.
She called me the other day.
one of these days (на днях) — в отношении будущего.
We’ll discuss it one of these days.
I’ll call you one of these days.
2. another + two groups (three years и т.д.) — как мера чего-то.
I’ve got another three books to read.
We’ve got another two weeks to study.
3. устоявшиеся выражения:
on the one hand..., on the other hand... .
(С одной стороны..., с другой стороны... .)
The grass is always greener on the other side of the street (поговорка).
«У других всегда всё лучше». «В чужом кармане калач велик».
One hand washes the other. «Рука руку моет».
51.1. Употребите одно из следующих слов: (any) other, the other, others, the
others, (one) another.
1. There was silence at ............................. end of the phone. 2. What
............................. English books did you read last year? 3. We need
............................. computer. This one is out of date. 4. And now let’s
go and join ............................. 5. I’ve got many ............................. things to
think about. 6. Bees carry pollen from one plant to ............................. .
7. He had a case in one hand, a mobile in ............................. . 8. He
began opening bottles, ............................. after ............................. . 9. Only
two of the class passed the test, ............................. will have to take
it again. 10. Do you know what happened ............................. day?
11. Don’t tire ............................. people with your problems. 12. Let’s
wait until ............................. come back. 13. Some people are optimists,
............................. are pessimists. 14. The boxers went on hitting each
............................. . 15. One man’s meat is ............................. man’s poison.
16. I’ve got ............................. five faxes to send. 17. Alice lay in bed,
the television remote control in one hand, thickly buttered toast
in ............................. . 18. “Money troubles?” said my Dad, coming
into the kitchen. “You know, there are two solutions to money
troubles: Spend less or Make more Money. One or .............................
262
(the) other, (the) others, another
You must decide which.” 19. Remember the golden rule: “Do to
............................. what you would like them to do to you!” 20. The
grass is always greener on ............................. side of the street.
51.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Äàâàéòå îáñóäèì ýòî êàê-íèáóäü â äðóãîé ðàç. 2. Ëþäè
äîëæíû ïîìîãàòü äðóã äðóãó. 3. Çàêðîé îäèí ãëàç, ïîòîì äðóãîé. 4. Ìíå íóæíà äðóãàÿ ñóìêà. Ýòà ñëèøêîì ìàëà. 5. Ó íàñ
äâà áàëêîíà. Îäèí âûõîäèò (to face) íà þã, äðóãîé íà âîñòîê. 6. Íåêîòîðûå ëþäè ëþáÿò ÿðêèå öâåòà, äðóãèì íðàâÿòñÿ
ò¸ìíûå öâåòà. 7. Ìíå âñ¸ ðàâíî (to care), ÷òî ãîâîðÿò äðóãèå.
8. Çäåñü âñåãî ëèøü ïÿòü ÷ëåíîâ êîìàíäû. Ãäå æå îñòàëüíûå?
9. Îí ó÷èòñÿ ëó÷øå, ÷åì ëþáîé äðóãîé ó÷åíèê â íàøåé øêîëå.
10. Ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû, îí íåïëîõîé ïàðåíü, à ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, îí î÷åíü íåâçðîñëûé, õîòÿ åìó óæå äâàäöàòü ëåò. 11. Îíè
ñåëè ïîäàëüøå îò äðóãèõ. 12. Ðóêà ðóêó ìîåò. 13. Ìíå íå íðàâèòñÿ ýòà ïàðà òóôåëü. Ïîêàæèòå ìíå äðóãóþ, ïîæàëóéñòà.
14. Íå ñëåäóåò ðàññêàçûâàòü òàêèå âåùè äðóãèì (ëþäÿì). Ýòî
æå ñëèøêîì ëè÷íîå. 15. Êàêèõ åù¸ ñîâðåìåííûõ ïèñàòåëåé
âû ìîæåòå íàçâàòü?
51.3.
Прочитайте следующий диалог по ролям и затем перескажите его в
косвенной речи в прошедшем времени.
TWO OF EVERYTHING
— Mary, is it true, have you got two houses?
— Oh, yes, Alice. I’ve got one in London and the other in the
country.
— Oh, me got a very small flat. It’s got two rooms, and a
kitchen, and a bathroom.
— Poor you! And I’ve got two television-sets. One upstairs, the
other downstairs.
— Marvellous! Our TV is very small. It’s black and white.
— And I’ve got two cars. They both have stereo systems.
— Oh, my husband’s car is very old. He’s got a Mini.
— And I’ve got two villas. One in Spain, and the other in France.
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UNIT 51
—
—
—
—
—
—
Gosh, that’s wonderful! You are very lucky.
Well, yes, but I’ve also got a little problem.
Pardon, you’ve got a problem?!
Yes, it’s very embarrassing.
What is it?
Well, I’ve also got two husbands.
51.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ìàãàçèí íàõîäèòñÿ íà äðóãîé ñòîðîíå óëèöû. 2. ß íåðâíè÷àë, ïðîôåññîð. Äàéòå ìíå äðóãîé øàíñ. 3. — Íà äíÿõ ìû
ïðèíèìàëè ó÷àñòèå â ôîíåòè÷åñêîì êîíêóðñå. Ïîëîâèíà ñòóäåíòîâ ÷èòàëà ñòèõè, äðóãàÿ ïîëîâèíà ðàññêàçûâàëà ñêàçêè. — À ÷òî òû äåëàëà? — À ÿ ñïåëà ïåñíþ î ôåðìå ñòàðîãî ÌàêÄîíàëüäà. 4. Êàêèå åù¸ íîâîñòè èíòåðåñóþò òåáÿ?
5. Áëèçíåöû òàê ïîõîæè, ÷òî èõ íåâîçìîæíî îòëè÷èòü äðóã îò
äðóãà. 6. Êàêîé æå òû ðàññåÿííûé! Ó òåáÿ â îäíî óõî âõîäèò,
à â äðóãîå âûõîäèò. 7. Íå ãîâîðè íè÷åãî îñòàëüíûì, êîãäà îíè
âåðíóòñÿ. 8. Ëó÷øèé ñïîñîá ïîìî÷ü ñåáå — ýòî ïîìî÷ü äðóãèì.
9. Åñëè òû íå óìååøü ñëóøàòü äðóãèõ ëþäåé, òî òû íèêîãäà
íè÷åìó íå íàó÷èøüñÿ. 10. Ó äðóãèõ âñåãäà âñ¸ ëó÷øå. 11. Ýòî,
òàê ñêàçàòü, îáîðîòíàÿ ñòîðîíà ìåäàëè. 12. Ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû,
ýòî õîðîøèé øàíñ, à ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, êòî çíàåò... 13. Áàáóøêà ïîöåëîâàëà ìåíÿ ñíà÷àëà â îäíó ù¸÷êó, ïîòîì â äðóãóþ.
14. Îí äàë ñûíó (ñëåäóþùèå) ïÿòü äîëëàðîâ, åãî åæåíåäåëüíûå êàðìàííûå äåíüãè. 15. Ïðèä¸òñÿ âûëîæèòü åù¸ 200 äîëëàðîâ çà ðåíòó äîìà. 16. ß äîáðûé ÷åëîâåê, íî åñëè ìåíÿ îáèäÿò, òî ÿ íå ñòàíó ïîäñòàâëÿòü äðóãóþ ù¸êó. 17. — ß óñòàë
ðàáîòàòü íà äðóãèõ! — Åñëè ó òåáÿ åñòü êàêîé-òî äðóãîé âûáîð, òî ïåðåñòàíü äåëàòü ýòî. — Äà, ëåãêî äàâàòü ñîâåòû äðóãèì! 18. Êîãäà åù¸ ìû âñòðåòèìñÿ? 19. ×òî åù¸ ÿ ìîãó ñêàçàòü? 20. Êàêèå åù¸ áëþäà òû óìååøü ãîòîâèòü? 21. Êòî åù¸
ïðèä¸ò íà òâîþ âå÷åðèíêó? 22. Êàêèå åù¸ âîïðîñû âû õîòèòå
çàäàòü? 23. Îí ïåðåìèíàëñÿ (to shift) ñ íîãè íà íîãó.
Uni
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 52
52
Do
Make
I. Выполнение того или иного вида
деятельности вообще.
I. Создавать, производить что-то
(часто своими руками).
— What do you do? (What’s your
job?) — I work in a bookshop.
— What does your friend do? — She is
an economist.
— What does your neighbour do?
— He trains dogs for a living.
This designer makes wonderful
clothes.
I’m making coffee. Have a cup with
me.
Устоявшиеся выражения
1. do some work, homework,
housework, exercises, translation,
tests, an exam, a course
1. make a speech, a report, a mistake,
an appointment, progress, a call,
a date, an attempt
I did the translation without a
dictionary.
Do you do morning exercises?
We all make mistakes.
You’ve made good progress lately.
Let’s make an appointment.
The president made a short speech.
2. do one’s duty, one’s best, business
with..., something for a living, a favour
2. make money, a choice, friends, an
excuse, a will, a promise, a wish, an
experiment, up one’s mind
Everyone must do their duty.
He does business with many firms.
What does she do for a living?
Money makes money.
He makes friends easily.
Close your eyes and make a wish.
I made up my mind to start a new life.
265
UNIT 52
Продолжение табл.
Устоявшиеся выражения
3. do somebody a favour, one’s hair,
to do shopping (washing, cleaning,
cooking)
Will you do me a favour?
Who does your hair?
I usually do my shopping on Friday
evening.
3. make a noise (a mess), a shopping
list, a dress, a tour (journey), bed
Who made all that mess?
He never makes his bed.
If I don’t make a shopping list, I’ll
forget to buy a lot of things.
52.1. Заполните пропуски глаголом do или make в необходимой форме.
1. Íå ...................... money on oil. 2. Paris ...................... an unforgettable impression on me. 3. — Could you ...................... me a favour? — I’ll ...................... my best to help you. 4. Mr. Robinson!
You ...................... an appointment for two o’clock, and now it’s
nearly two. 5. My boss ...................... business with a Swedish
firm. 6. When did the scientists ...................... these experiments?
7. Let’s ...................... an arrangement: you ...................... your business
and I’ll ...................... mine. 8. She ...................... her hair once a month.
9. The agent ...................... an attempt to save the situation. 10. —
What does he ...................... for a living? — He ...................... violins
and guitars. 11. Japan ...................... good cars. 12. I’ll ...................... the
beds after breakfast. 13. Excuse me, I must ...................... a call.
14. Many women in Britain ...................... their washing on Mondays. 15. My Grandfather ...................... a lot of jobs during his life.
16. — Have you ...................... your homework? — Yes, I ......................
it an hour ago. 17. Let’s ...................... a list of things which we
must ...................... today. 18. You should ...................... a decision what
to ...................... next. 19. Why do you ...................... so many mistakes
when you ...................... tests? 20. They ...................... a lot of work together and very soon ...................... good friends. 21. Microchips are
used to ...................... computers. 22. I can ...................... many things:
I can ...................... my own clothes, I can also ...................... delicious
cakes and pies, and I can ...................... you laugh .
266
do — make
52.2.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Ïîçâîíè ìàìå. — ß óæå ñäåëàë ýòî. 2. Ìû âñå äåëàåì îøèáêè, â îñîáåííîñòè êîãäà ìû ìîëîäû. 3. Êàæäîå óòðî
ìàìà ñîñòàâëÿåò ñïèñîê äåë, êîòîðûå ìû äîëæíû ñäåëàòü.
4. — Òàê âêóñíî ïàõíåò â äîìå! ×òî ýòî òû äåëàåøü? — Ïåêó
ÿáëî÷íóþ øàðëîòêó. 5. Êîãäà äåòè ïðèõîäÿò äîìîé èç øêîëû,
îíè íåâåðîÿòíî øóìÿò è óñòðàèâàþò áåñïîðÿäîê. 6. Çàâòðà
ñóááîòà. ß íè÷åãî íå äåëàþ ïî ñóááîòàì. ß îòäûõàþ. 7. Â÷åðà ÿ ïåðåäåëàëà ìíîãî äåë. 8. Íå ëþáëþ äåëàòü äîìàøíþþ
ðàáîòó. Ýòî òàê óòîìèòåëüíî. 9. Ìíîãèå ëþäè ñåé÷àñ äåëàþò
ñâîé õëåá äîìà. 10. — ×åì çàíèìàåòñÿ òâîé ìóæ? — Îí äåëàåò ìåáåëü. 11. — ß ïðîñèëà òåáÿ âûìûòü ïîñóäó. Òû ñäåëàë
ýòî? — Ñåé÷àñ ïðèãîòîâëþ ÷àé, ìû ïîïü¸ì åãî, à çàòåì ñäåëàåì ýòî âìåñòå. Èä¸ò? 12. Çàêðîé ãëàçà è çàãàäàé æåëàíèå.
13. Åñëè äà¸øü îáåùàíèå, òî äåðæè åãî. 14. Îí ñäåëàë ïîïûòêó âñòðåòèòüñÿ ñ íàìè, íî ìû ðåøèëè íå äåëàòü ýòîãî. 15. Îíè
ñîâåðøèëè êðóãîñâåòíîå òóðíå. 16. ß íå ïîìíþ, êòî ñäåëàë
ôèëüì «Òèòàíèê». 17. Îíà ñäåëàëà áîëüøèå óñïåõè â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå, íî âñ¸-òàêè èíîãäà îíà äåëàåò îðôîãðàôè÷åñêèå
îøèáêè. 18. Îí ãîâîðèò, ÷òî ñäåëàåò âñ¸ âîçìîæíîå, ÷òîáû
ñäåëàòü å¸ ñ÷àñòëèâîé. 19. Îíà óìååò äåëàòü î÷åíü êðàñèâûå
èãðóøêè. 20. — ß çàñûïàþ. Ïîéäó ñâàðþ êîôå. — Äàâàé ëó÷øå ÿ ñäåëàþ ýòî. 21. — ß ðåøèë ñòàòü âðà÷îì, ïàïà, êàê ìîé
äåäóøêà. — ß ðàä, ÷òî òû ñäåëàë ýòî, ñûí. 22. — Òû ðåøèë,
â êàêîé èíñòèòóò ïîñòóïàòü? — Íåò, ÿ åù¸ íå ñäåëàë ýòîãî.
52.3. Заполните пропуски глаголами do или make в необходимой форме.
1. Here are your tests, will you please ...................... corrections.
2. ...................... a wish and I’ll ...................... my best to realize it.
3. He ...................... so much money that he doesn’t know what
to ...................... with it. 4. Who is to ...................... the cooking today?
5. Don’t ...................... remarks while I am speaking, please. 6. He
likes to ...................... fun of his friends. 7. I have to ...................... a lot
of housework: to ...................... the ironing, to ...................... the beds.
8. Sooner or later everybody has to ...................... choices. 9. This
actress ...................... many face-lifts. 10. Let’s make up. Let’s
...................... peace. 11. As you — your bed so you must lie in it.
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Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè,
îáîçíà÷àþùèìè ÷àñòè ñóòîê
è âðåìåíà ãîäà
—
абстрактное значение,
обозначает время суток
или время года
It’s morning.
Night fell. Day broke.
It was sunrise.
It was autumn.
It is spring.
a
описательное
определение
It’s a sunny morning.
It was a dark night.
It was a beautiful
sunrise.
It was a golden
autumn.
We had a warm spring.
the
ситуация, контекст,
лимитирующее определение
The morning is sunny.
The night was dark.
The sunrise was beautiful.
We met in the autumn of
1998.
The spring is warm.
1. Если у этих существительных в роли предикатива (именной части составного именного сказуемого) есть описательные определения early, late, broad,
high, то артикль не употребляется.
I run in early morning. It’s broad day. It was high noon.
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Артикли с существительными, обозначающими части суток и времена года
It was late autumn. It’s early spring.
В остальных случаях при наличии этих определений артикль употребляется.
We are going to have an early spring (a late autumn).
2.
В следующих предложных фразах артикль не употребляется:
at night, at dawn, by noon, by midnight, after sunset, before nightfall, all day (long),
all night through, day after day, from morning till night, day and night
В следующих фразах употребляется the:
in the morning, in the daytime, in the afternoon, in the evening, in the night, in
(the) autumn, in (the) winter, in the summertime
53.1.
Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. It was ...................... lovely August evening. 2. ...................... morning
was clear and cold. 3. They met in ...................... early May. 4. It was
...................... dark starry night. 5. It’s too cold for ...................... October.
6. What ...................... glorious day it is! 7. It was ...................... golden
November day. 8. It was ...................... fine, clear day in ......................
middle of ...................... April. 9. ...................... night fell. ...................... bright
stars appeared in the sky. 10. ...................... day broke and we started
on our way. 11. ...................... twilight was gathering. 12. Look at
...................... sunset! It promises ...................... cold weather tomorrow.
13. The peasants used to start working at ...................... dawn. 14. It
was nearly ...................... dusk. 15. My birthday is in ...................... late
autumn. 16. I’ll never forget ...................... day when we first met.
53.2.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Êàêàÿ ÷óäåñíàÿ íî÷ü! Áóäåì ãóëÿòü äî óòðà. 2. Ýòî ïðîèçîøëî ëåòîì ïðîøëîãî ãîäà. 3. Îíè òðóäÿòñÿ äåíü çà äí¸ì êàê
ìóðàâüè. 4. Íî÷ü ïåðåä Ðîæäåñòâîì — ñàìîå ÷óäåñíîå âðåìÿ ãîäà. 5. ß ñëóøàþ íîâîñòè ðàíî óòðîì è â 9 ÷àñîâ âå÷åðà.
6. À.Ñ. Ïóøêèí î÷åíü ëþáèë îñåíü è òåðïåòü íå ìîã ëåòî, ïîòîìó ÷òî ëåòîì æàðêî è ìíîãî ìóõ è êîìàðîâ. 7. ß áóäó äîìà
ê âå÷åðó. 8. ×òîáû óâèäåòü ðàññâåò, íóæíî âñòàòü ðàíî óòðîì.
9. Îí ðàáîòàåò â Èíòåðíåòå ïî íî÷àì, à ïîòîì ñïèò äî îáåäà.
10. Êîãäà â Ðîññèè çèìà, òî â Áðàçèëèè — ëåòî. 11. Æàðêèé
èþëüñêèé äåíü ïîäîø¸ë ê êîíöó. 12. Ïîñëå çàêàòà îáû÷íî ñòàíîâèòñÿ õîëîäíåå. 13. Ìíîãèå ëþäè ïðåäïî÷èòàþò îòäûõàòü â
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ëåòíåå âðåìÿ. 14. Áûëà ïîçäíÿÿ îñåíü. Ïòèöû óëåòåëè â ò¸ïëûå ñòðàíû. 15. ×àñû ïîêàçûâàëè ïîëíî÷ü. 16. Ýòî ñëó÷èëîñü
îäíèì âîñêðåñíûì óòðîì. 17. Äàâàé âñòðåòèìñÿ â âîñêðåñåíüå
óòðîì.
53.3.
Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. You must sleep on it. Everything looks better in ......................
morning. 2. In ...................... autumn many people feel depressed.
3. The weather usually gets much worse in ...................... late autumn. 4. We finished the work by ...................... late afternoon. 5. She
worked from ...................... morning till ...................... night. 6. ......................
evening was windy and chilly. It was ...................... typical November weather. 7. I awoke to ...................... gloomy day. 8. Tender is
...................... night. 9. He called us in ...................... middle of ......................
night. 10. ...................... day of my wedding has come at last!
11. ...................... dawn will break soon. 12. In ...................... late autumn
we lock our cottage till ...................... spring. 13. Early in ......................
morning my dog licks me awake. 14. We had ...................... slushy
winter last year. 15. They arrived at ...................... noon and left in
...................... afternoon. 16. We expect some news by ...................... evening. 17. It was ...................... typical autumnal day.
53.4.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Áûëî óòðî. Áûëî ðàííåå óòðî. Áûëî ò¸ïëîå ëåòíåå óòðî. Îí
ðîäèëñÿ ðàííèì óòðîì. Ìíå òðóäíî âñòàâàòü ðàíî ïî óòðàì.
Óòðî áûëî ïðîõëàäíîå, íî ñîëíå÷íîå. Êàêîå õîðîøåå óòðî!
Ìû äîáåð¸ìñÿ äî ñòàíöèè ê óòðó.
2. Íàñòóïèë äåíü. Ýòî áûë òóìàííûé äåíü, äåíü íàøåãî îòúåçäà. Äåíü áûë äîæäëèâûì. ×òî òû îáû÷íî äåëàåøü â òå÷åíèå
äíÿ? Èíöèäåíò ïðîèçîø¸ë ïàñìóðíûì ñåíòÿáðüñêèì äí¸ì.
3. Áûë ïîëäåíü. Ïîëäåíü — ýòî 12 ÷àñîâ. Äîìîõîçÿéêè ñòàðàþòñÿ ñäåëàòü âñå ïîêóïêè äî ïîëóäíÿ. Ïîñåòèòåëü ïîÿâèëñÿ
ëèøü â ïîëäåíü.
4. Áûëî ïîñëåïîëóäåííîå âðåìÿ. Ìû ëþáèì ïèòü ÷àé ïîñëå
ïîëóäíÿ. Ìàëåíüêèå äåòè îáû÷íî ñïÿò â ïîñëåïîëóäåííîå
âðåìÿ. Ìû ïîñâÿòèëè ïîñëåïîëóäåííîå âðåìÿ ÷òåíèþ.
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Артикли с существительными, обозначающими части суток и времена года
5. Áûë âå÷åð. Áûë ìîðîçíûé êðåùåíñêèé âå÷åð. Âå÷åð áûë
ò¸ïëûé. Áûë ïîçäíèé âå÷åð. Ìíå âñåãäà õî÷åòñÿ ñïàòü ïî âå÷åðàì. Òû ïîéä¸øü íà ïðîãóëêó âå÷åðîì? Ìû çàêîí÷èì âñ¸ ê
âå÷åðó.
6. Íàñòóïèëà íî÷ü. Áûëà íî÷ü. Áûëà òèõàÿ çâ¸çäíàÿ íî÷ü.
ß ëþáëþ ñìîòðåòü íà çâ¸çäû íî÷üþ. Íî÷ü áûëà òèõà. Áóðÿ
ïðîäîëæàëàñü âñþ íî÷ü. Ìû îòïðàâèëèñü òóäà â ñóááîòó âå÷åðîì (ñóááîòíèì âå÷åðîì). Ó ìåíÿ íî÷íîå äåæóðñòâî ñåãîäíÿ.
Åãî îõðàíÿþò äåíü è íî÷ü. ß öåëûé ìåñÿö íå ëîæèëñÿ ñïàòü
ðàíî.
7. Âîñõîä — ýòî âðåìÿ, êîãäà âîñõîäèò ñîëíöå. Ìû ïèëè, ñìåÿëèñü, áîëòàëè äî ðàññâåòà. Ýòî îçíà÷àåò çàðþ (íà÷àëî) íîâîé
ýðû.
8. Âåñíà — ýòî âðåìÿ ãîäà ìåæäó çèìîé è ëåòîì. Âåñíîé ñòàíîâèòñÿ òåïëåå. Îí óåõàë âåñíîé 1996 ãîäà. Ïàðèæ ïðåêðàñåí
âåñíîé. Îñåíü — ýòî ïîðà ñâàäåá. Áûëà ðàííÿÿ âåñíà. Áûëà
ïîçäíÿÿ îñåíü.
53.5. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. I clung to my hopes, ...................... day after ...................... day, ......................
night after ...................... night, ...................... year after ...................... year.
2. I stand and stretch. “I’d better go up there. What I really want
is ...................... long hot bath and ...................... early night.” 3. — Come
for a coffee. — Okay. You can buy me ...................... late lunch.
4. It was ...................... late September and ...................... weather was
turning ugly. 5. ...................... bitter weather set in on November 14,
...................... heavy wet snow was driven by ...................... strong wind.
6. In ...................... morning there was ...................... hard frost sugaring
...................... trees outside and making them look magical. 7. She’s
...................... top businesswoman. She works since ...................... early
morning till ...................... late night. 8. At ...................... noon, ......................
limousine stopped in front of ...................... glass doors. ......................
moment later out gets ...................... man with ...................... blond hair
in ...................... blue overcoat. He’s wearing ...................... dark glasses
and is holding ...................... very expensive-looking briefcase. Wow!
He looks like ...................... million dollars. 9. My sister is going to get
married ...................... second time.
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Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè,
îáîçíà÷àþùèìè ïðè¸ìû ïèùè
(meals)
—
абстрактное значение,
время приема пищи
It was lunchtime.
We had tea on the
terrace.
What shall I cook for
supper?
Dinner is served.
Артикль отсутствует
в предложных
фразах: at dinner,
after supper, before
lunch, at tea.
272
a
описательное определение,
званый прием, вечеринка,
порция
the
ситуация, контекст,
лимитирующее
определение
There is no such thing as a
free lunch.
I usually have a light
supper.
Let’s have an early supper
tonight.
We organized a tea for the
children.
It was an official dinner.
You can get a set-dinner
at this restaurant,
(комплексный обед)
I haven’t got enough
money to pay for a
supper.
The lunch was tasty.
The tea is too hot.
The supper which you
cooked was delicious.
Don’t burn the dinner
again!
Rush to the kitchen
and have a look at the
supper. (имеется в виду
сама еда)
The brunch was
porridge, sandwiches,
fruit, juice.
Артикли с существительными, обозначающими приёмы пищи (meals)
1. to have breakfast (lunch, dinner, ...)
В вопросительной и отрицательной форме употребляется глагол do!
When do you usually have supper? — At 7 o’clock.
Do you always have dinner at home? — No, I don’t.
You have dinner at home, don’t you?
2. — Do you have a sweet tooth? (Ты сладкоежка?) — Yes, I am a chocaholic.
(Я обожаю шоколад.)
54.1.
Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. ...................... dinner is ready, sit to table, please. 2. If you don’t
hurry, you’ll be late for ...................... supper. 3. I always eat ......................
big breakfast. 4. He treated us to ...................... expensive supper at
the Ritz. 5. Today we are going to have ...................... early supper.
6. He usually has whisky and soda before ...................... dinner.
7. ...................... lunch really tastes better out-of-doors. 8. If you put
some more salt in ...................... dinner, it’ll be just fine. 9. He throws
...................... dinner party every week for all his friends. 10. I won’t
eat ...................... dinner. It’s uneatable. 11. The University gave
...................... farewell dinner to the graduates. 12. ...................... brunch
is a late morning meal. It is eaten as the first meal of the day at
about eleven o’clock. 13. Two teas and ...................... coffee, please.
14. She was too busy to make ...................... lunch. 15. Who made
such ...................... good tea? 16. They met at ...................... official lunch.
54.2.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïîñëå óæèíà ìû îáñóæäàåì ïîñëåäíèå íîâîñòè. 2. À ÷òî ó
íàñ ñåãîäíÿ íà îáåä? 3. Ïîñòàâü çàâòðàê íà ïîäíîñ è îòíåñè åãî
â ñïàëüíþ. 4. Íå åøü êîíôåòû ïåðåä îáåäîì! 5. — Òû ñëàäêîåæêà? — Äà, ÿ îáîæàþ øîêîëàä. 6. Óæèí ñîñòîÿë èç ñàëàòà,
æàðåíîé ðûáû è êàðòîôåëÿ. 7. — Ñêîëüêî ìû äîëæíû çàïëàòèòü çà îáåä? — Íå áåñïîêîéñÿ, ÿ çàïëà÷ó. 8. Áèçíåñ-ëàí÷
â ýòîì ðåñòîðàíå ñòîèò äâåñòè ïÿòüäåñÿò ðóáëåé. 9. Âðåìÿ
ëàí÷à. Äàâàé çàãëÿíåì â «¨ëêè-Ïàëêè» íà Òâåðñêîé. 10. Îíè
âñòðåòèëèñü íà îôèöèàëüíîì îáåäå. 11. Ýòî áûë ãðàíäèîçíûé
îáåä. Ìíîãèå çíàìåíèòîñòè áûëè ïðèãëàøåíû íà îáåä. 12. Íå
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çàáûâàéòå ìûòü ðóêè ïåðåä åäîé. 13. Ñêîëüêî ðàç â äåíü âû
åäèòå? 14. Ïîçäíèé çàâòðàê — ýòî íå÷òî ñðåäíåå ìåæäó çàâòðàêîì è ëàí÷åì. 15. Êàêîé ïðåêðàñíûé óæèí! Òû ïðîñòî
çàìå÷àòåëüíûé ïîâàð! 16. ß åù¸ íè÷åãî íå êóïèëà íà îáåä.
Áîþñü, ÷òî ó íàñ ñåãîäíÿ áóäåò ïîçäíèé îáåä. 17. Îí íå çàâòðàêàåò ïî óòðàì, çàòî óñòðàèâàåò ñåáå îñíîâàòåëüíûé âòîðîé çàâòðàê. 18. Ñåãîäíÿ ó íàñ áóäåò ðàííèé óæèí, òàê êàê
íàì íóæíî î÷åíü ðàíî âñòàòü çàâòðà óòðîì.
54.3. Прочитайте следующие пословицы и поговорки и найдите их русские
эквиваленты. Объясните употребление артиклей в них.
1. A foul morning may turn to a fair day. 2. A clean fast (ïîñò)
is better than a dirty breakfast. 3. A nod from a lord is a breakfast for a fool. 4. After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a
mile. 5. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man wealthy,
healthy and wise. 6. An hour in the morning is worth two in the
evening. 7. A misty morning doesn’t mean a cloudy day. 8. Go to
bed with the lamb and rise with the lark. 9. If you laugh before
breakfast, you’ll cry before supper. 10. Hope is a good breakfast,
but a bad supper. 11. He that goes to bed thirsty and hungry
rises healthy. 12. It’s better to go to bed supperless, than rise
in debt. 13. An apple a day keeps a doctor away. 14. An apple a
day keeps wrinkles away. 15. You must sleep on it. Everything
looks better in the morning.
54.4. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
In ...................... evening Mr. Dursley came back to ...................... house.
He was still determined not to tell anything to his wife. Mrs.
Dursley told him at ...................... dinner that she had had ......................
nice normal day and that their little son Dudley had learned
...................... new word “Won’t!” Mr. Dursley tried to act normally.
After ...................... dinner he went into ...................... living-room just in
time to catch ...................... last report on ...................... latest news: “And
finally, bird-watchers have reported that the owls all over the
country have been behaving unusually today. Although owls
normally hunt at ...................... night and are hardly ever seen in
...................... daylight, there have been hundreds of them flying
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Артикли с существительными, обозначающими приёмы пищи (meals)
in every direction since ...................... sunrise. Experts are unable
to explain why the owls have suddenly changed their sleeping
habit.” The newscaster grinned. “Most mysterious. And now,
over to Jim McGuffin with the weather. Are there going to be
any more showers of owls tonight, Jim?” “Well, Ted,” said the
weatherman, “it’s not only the owls that have been acting oddly
today. People from all the corners of ...................... country have
been phoning to tell me that instead of ...................... rain which I
promised yesterday, they’ve had a downpour of shooting stars!
Perhaps people have been celebrating Bonfire night earlier,
but it’s not until ...................... next week, folks! But I can promise
...................... wet night tonight.” ...................... night fell, but Mr. Dursley
was still sitting frozen in his armchair. Shooting stars all over
Britain? Owls flying by ...................... daylight? He was sure it was
all connected with the Potters, his wife’s relatives.
(after “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone” by J. Rowling).
54.5. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
I. It was ...................... clear and ...................... very starry night. He
took ...................... tram from ...................... centre of ...................... town,
then walked. In this country ...................... land and ...................... world
disappeared as ...................... night fell, as if ...................... day had been
...................... illusion and ...................... sky came down. There was
...................... Milky Way to ...................... right of him, and ......................
sharp stars flashed like ...................... lighthouses. Suddenly he saw,
on ...................... sea’s black horizon, ...................... lights of ...................... ship.
II. ...................... evening came, ...................... lamps were lit, and ......................
curtains were drawn. ...................... three of them set before ......................
fire in ...................... long music room, and tried to be cosy and jolly.
But something was wrong with ...................... mood. After dinner
it was even worse. Harriet curled herself up on ...................... sofa
with ...................... cigarette. Simon sat near ...................... window. And
in ...................... silence of ...................... whole house came ...................... loud
bang on ...................... front door.
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Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè
—
абстрактное значение
a/the
конкретное значение (здание, помещение)
to go to school (college, work,
university) = учиться, работать, ...
Does your son go to school?
— He is at college already.
It’s a new school.
The school is a good one.
There is a university in this town.
The university was founded in 1725.
to be in hospital = болеть
My aunt is still in hospital.
There is a hospital in the area.
We have a good laboratory in the hospital.
to go to bed = идти спать
When do you usually go to bed?
I prefer to sleep on a bed, not on a sofa.
Where shall we put the bed?
to go to church = верить в Бога
Every Sunday my Granny goes to
church.
This a historic church.
The church stood on a hill.
to be in prison, to be sent to
prison = отбывать наказание
He is in prison for robbery.
It’s a prison for women.
He went to the prison to visit his friend.
to be in (out of) town (город,
в котором вы находитесь)
Will you be in town next week?
Let’s meet in town, not in the
country (противопоставление
города деревне)
It’s a small town, everybody knows
everybody.
She went to the town where she was
born.
He was born in a provincial town on the
Don.
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Артикли с существительными
55.1.
Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Объясните употребление или отсутствие артиклей с выделенными словами.
1. School starts again in just two weeks. Summer has passed
so quickly! 2. We have so many things to buy for school at
the end of August. 3. This is a specialized school. 4. Now the
school has a computer class. 5. The headmaster lived right next
to the school. 6. There is a stone church in the village. 7. Not
all are saints that go to church. 8. Don’t go to bed right after
supper. 9. If you have a high temperature, you must stay in
bed, or even go to hospital. 10. Prison is not the answer to many
social problems. 11. Every Sunday my Granny goes to church.
12. He went to jail for dangerous driving. 13. There is no place
like home. 14. He is in town now to promote the film. 15. — Is
your brother still at school? — No, he is studying at University.
16. — Well, where shall we put the bed? 17. The hospital has a
good reputation for performing transplant operations.
55.2.
Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. When children go to ...................... school for the first time, they
always feel happy and a bit nervous. 2. The priest goes to
...................... prison regularly to encourage the prisoners. 3. I don’t
like to live in ...................... town. Life in ...................... country suits
me best. 4. East or West, ...................... Home is best. 5. Why are
...................... beds still unmade? 6. If the test is positive, you’ll have
to go to ...................... hospital. 7. This is ...................... prison for women.
8. He first went to ...................... college and then entered ......................
Moscow University. 9. My friend likes to have breakfast in
...................... bed. 10. — Is he still at ...................... work? — No, he went
home ten minutes ago. 11. They caught a bus that was going
to ...................... town. 12. There is a coffee shop opposite ......................
church. 13. This is ...................... small town, everybody knows
everybody. 14. I left ...................... school five years ago. 15. We met
every day after ...................... school. 16. Doctors advise me to sleep
on ...................... hard bed. 17. His parents go to ...................... church
from time to time. 18. There is ...................... military hospital in
...................... town. 19. I don’t like to shop after ...................... work.
20. ...................... school was a very happy time.
277
UNIT 55
55.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ß çàêîí÷èë øêîëó è äâà ãîäà íàçàä ïîñòóïèë â óíèâåðñèòåò. 2. Òàê òðóäíî âûáðàòü øêîëó äëÿ ñâîåãî ðåá¸íêà! 3. Øêîëà, â êîòîðóþ õîäÿò å¸ äåòè, íàõîäèòñÿ íåäàëåêî îò èõ äîìà.
4. — Êàêàÿ êðàñèâàÿ öåðêîâü! — Äà, öåðêîâü áûëà ïîñòðîåíà
â 17 âåêå! 5. Åñëè òû íå ïîòîðîïèøüñÿ, òî îïîçäàåøü â øêîëó (íà çàíÿòèÿ). 6. Ïîçâîíè â áîëüíèöó è óçíàé ðåçóëüòàòû
àíàëèçîâ. 7.  ãîñòÿõ õîðîøî, à äîìà ëó÷øå. 8. Óòðî âå÷åðà
ìóäðåíåå. 9. Ãîðîäîê ñòàíîâèòñÿ áîëüøå, è ëþäÿì íóæíà íîâàÿ öåðêîâü. 10. Öåðêîâü ñòîÿëà íà õîëìå. 11. Îí áûë â òþðüìå â òå÷åíèå äåñÿòè ëåò. 12. Îíà ïîäîøëà ê êðîâàòè è ïîñìîòðåëà íà ñïÿùèõ äåòåé. 13. Êàêàÿ æ¸ñòêàÿ êðîâàòü! ß íå
ìîãó çàñíóòü íà íåé. 14. Îí ó÷èëñÿ â ïåðâîêëàññíîì êîëëåäæå. 15. Îíà ðàáîòàåò â îáùåîáðàçîâàòåëüíîé øêîëå. 16. Äàâàé ïîâåñèì êàðòèíó íàä êðîâàòüþ. 17. Ðåá¸íîê âûðîñ, íóæíî
êóïèòü åìó íîâóþ êðîâàòü. 18. Ïðåñòóïíèêè äîëæíû ñèäåòü â
òþðüìå. 19. Ãðàô Ìîíòå-Êðèñòî ïðîâ¸ë â òþðüìå ìíîãî ëåò.
20. Îí ïðîðûë ïîäçåìíûé õîä ïîä òþðüìîé è ñáåæàë.
55.4. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. They had ...................... early start ...................... next days as ......................
school started at 8 o’clock. 2. ...................... car came to ......................
standstill outside ...................... church. 3. You shouldn’t go to
...................... bed so late! 4. — Is he in ...................... town? — No, he
went to ...................... country yesterday. 5. The man has been in
...................... prison for a long time already. 6. ...................... sounds of
organ music came from ...................... church. 7. Very often, after
...................... work I meet with my friends. 8. — Do you sleep on
...................... bed or on ...................... sofa? — I sleep on ...................... floor.
9. There is ...................... small church not far from ...................... hospital.
10. — Is your aunt still ill? — Yes, she is still in ......................
hospital. 11. After he leaves ...................... school, he plans to go to
...................... University. 12. ...................... home, ...................... sweet home!
13. ...................... home is where ...................... heart is. 14. So much
changes when ...................... children start ...................... school.
Uni
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 5
56
6
Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè
âî ôðàçàõ ñ ïðåäëîãàìè
a
—
с исчисляемыми существительными с неисчисляемыми существительными или
в единственном числе
существительными во множественном числе
in
in a hurry,
m a mess,
in a loud (low) voice,
in a whisper,
in a good (bad) mood
in surprise,
in anger,
in silence
in loud (low) voices,
in wild manners
with with a smile,
with a look,
with a sigh,
with a cry
with joy,
with anger,
with smiles,
with cries
like
like a child,
like a slave,
like a horse,
like a lion,
like a good girl,
like a fool
like water,
like stormy weather,
like children,
like lions,
like good girls,
like fools
as
as busy as a bee,
as happy as a kid (Punch),
as simple as ABC/1,2,3
as poor as a church mouse,
as good as a rest
as hard as iron,
as soft as butter,
as black as night,
as busy as bees,
as happy as kids
279
UNIT 56
56.1. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. They are studying like ............................ maniacs for the coming
exams. 2. She said it with ............................... heavy heart. 3. The
doctor spoke in ................................ understanding tone. 4. The
child is as happy as ............................. Punch. 5. This girl looks
like ...................... Hollywood superstar. 6. There’s no fool like
................................. old fool. 7. The water was like ...................... black oil.
8. The twins were like .............................. two peas. 9. They danced
in ...................... silence. 10. Life is like .............................. circle. 11. The
moon shone like ...................... silver coin in the dark sky. 12. Why
are you speaking in .......................... miserable voice? 13. They look
like ...................... hippies. 14. Her eyes were bright like .............................
diamonds. 15. Life is like ...................... box of chocolates. You
never know what you are going to get. 16. David grinned like
............................ Cheshire cat.
56.2. Прочитайте и прокомментируйте выделенные фразы.
1. The house drew her back like a magnet. 2. They train like
fanatics. 3. The sea was like black oil. 4. There’s no fool like an
old fool. 5. They were like two peas in a pod. 6. The moon shone
in the purple sky, like a coin tossed up and caught mid-game.
7. My wife looks like a complete knockout in this frock. 8. “You
mustn’t be embarrassed,” he murmured in an understanding
tone. 9. They danced in silence, cheek to cheek. 10. Why are
you talking in a whisper? 11. Patsy had always been as solid as
a rock, hardworking, dependable, devoted and loyal. 12. Gosh,
I’m as happy as a pumpkin in a patch to see you! 13. “Your
words are not flattering,” she replied with a dry smile. 14. “I can
never be yours,” she said with pathos, and he accepted the
words with a heavy heart. 15. If you had as little money as
manners, you’d be the poorest of all the people. 16. They were
as different as chalk and cheese.
56.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ó íå¸ áîëüøàÿ ñåìüÿ. Îíà êðóòèòñÿ ñ óòðà äî íî÷è êàê áåëêà â êîëåñå. 2. Îí âåä¸ò ñåáÿ êàê èñòèííûé äæåíòëüìåí. 3. Îíà
âñåãäà ãîâîðèò î÷åíü òèõî. 4. Îíà ìíå êàê âòîðàÿ ìàòü. 5. Îíà
280
Артикли с существительными во фразах с предлогами
õîðîøà êàê êàðòèíêà. 6. — Ïîõîæå, áóäåò äîæäü. — À ÿ äóìàþ, ÷òî ïîéä¸ò ñíåã. 7. Ïî÷åìó âû âåä¸òå ñåáÿ êàê ïîäðîñòêè? 8. «ß î÷åíü òîðîïëþñü», — ñêàçàëà îíà ñî âçäîõîì. 9. ß íå
óäèâë¸í. Ýòà èñòîðèÿ ñòàðà êàê ìèð. 10. Åâãåíèé îäåâàëñÿ êàê
ëîíäîíñêèé äåíäè. 11. Íå âîëíóéñÿ! Ýòî æå ïðîùå ïðîñòîãî.
12. Ýòè äåâî÷êè ïëàâàþò êàê ðûáêè. 13. Äåòè ñèäåëè òèõî, êàê
ìûøêè. Îíè ðàçáèëè ìàìèíó âàçó. 14. Ïðàçäíèê áûë ãðóñòíûé, ïîäîáíî Ðîæäåñòâó áåç ¸ëêè è ïîäàðêîâ. 15. Äåòè áûëè
ïîõîæè íà ìàëåíüêèõ äèêàðåé. 16. Êîìíàòà áûëà â óæàñíîì
áåñïîðÿäêå. 17. Ëó÷øèé îòäûõ — ýòî ïåðåìåíà âèäà äåÿòåëüíîñòè. 18. Îíà ìîãëà ÷èòàòü ñâîåãî ìóæà êàê îòêðûòóþ êíèãó.
19. Îíè ñðàæàëèñü êàê ìîëîäûå ëüâû. 20. ×åñòíî ãîâîðÿ, äëÿ
ìåíÿ ìèð ïîäîáåí ìûëüíîé îïåðå. 21. Ìîé äåäóøêà êóðèò êàê
ïàðîâîç. 22. Ñåãîäíÿ ÿ â î÷åíü õîðîøåì íàñòðîåíèè.
56.4. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. She paid her rent on time like ...................... good tenant. 2. He
beams like ...................... flower blossoming in ...................... sun. 3. He
is ...................... boy in ...................... million. 4. Why are you behaving
like ...................... child? 5. Leave him alone. He is in ...................... bad
mood today. 6. He was as poor as ...................... church mouse, but
she married ...................... guy. 7. Money slips through his fingers
like ...................... water. 8. My mother used to end the story on
...................... happy note. 9. Like ...................... barometer, I can
sense his emotional temperature. I can also read his thoughts.
10. ...................... day stretched out in front of him like ......................
empty road in the desert. 11. I feel as light as ...................... helium
balloon. 12. She was flirting with him and was speaking in
...................... girly voice. 13. You say you have ...................... problem?
But it’s as simple as ...................... ABC. 14. You were as right as
...................... rain. 15. Well, Betty, say “thank you” like ......................
good girl. 16. She spoke in ...................... calm, friendly voice.
Uni
Unit
U
n it 5
nit
57
7
Àðòèêëè âî ôðàçàõ ñ ïðåäëîãîì of
Первое существительное +
of
1. a/the
(единичность, ситуация,
контекст)
+ Второе существительное
—
(вещественное, абстрактное или же
во множественном числе)
a/the cup
a/the bar
a/the pack
of
coffee
chocolate
cigarettes
an/the item
a/the piece
a/the sense
of
news
advice
humour
a/the set
a/the party
a/the group
of
stories
people
students
I’d like a cup of coffee. The cup of coffee you gave me was good.
It’s a set of stories. The set of stories is very interesting.
2. the +
(неотъемлемая часть того
целого, которое выражено
вторым существительным)
282
+ a / the
(«любой», ситуация, контекст)
Артикли во фразах с предлогом of
Продолжение табл.
Первое существительное +
the end (beginning)
the top (foot)
the figure
the face
the middle
of
of
+ Второе существительное
a/the story
a/the hill
a/the model
a/the person
a/the river
Сравните:
The face of a person shows his character. The face of the man was familiar
to me.
The roof of a private house needs regular care. The roof of the house
is red.
57.1. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. ...................... end of ...................... novel should be happy. 2. ......................
end of ...................... novel was very sad. 3. ...................... end of ......................
fable is always instructive. 4. Can you explain ...................... moral
of ...................... fable? 5. ...................... flock of ...................... birds settled
on ...................... roof of ...................... cathedral. 6. You can admire
...................... panorama of ...................... Florence from ...................... top of
...................... hill. 7. The keys are at ...................... bottom of ......................
desk. 8. There was ...................... expression of ...................... surprise
on her face. 9. I used to live in ...................... block of ......................
flats. 10. She was always at ...................... top of ...................... class.
11. Does anyone want ...................... quick cup of ...................... coffee?
12. Put ...................... cube of ...................... ice in the coctail. 13. The
question was on ...................... tip of my tongue. 14. They promise
good weather at ...................... end of ...................... month. 15. She had
...................... great sense of ...................... style. 16. ...................... bar of
...................... chocolate is a good snack. 17. ...................... bar of chocolate
costs fifty roubles. 18. We need ...................... piece of ......................
sensible advice. 19. The detective was trying to get to ......................
heart of ...................... matter. 20. ...................... back of ...................... chair
should be hard to help a child not to stoop.
283
UNIT 57
57.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ó íåãî õîðîøåå ÷óâñòâî þìîðà. 2. Îí ïðåïîäí¸ñ åé áóêåò öâåòîâ. 3. Áóêåò öâåòîâ, êîòîðûé âû ìíå ïîäàðèëè, ïðîñòî ÷óäåñíûé. 4. Ãðóïïà øêîëüíèêîâ ïðèøëà íà ýêñêóðñèþ
â Ðóññêèé ìóçåé. 5. Ãðóïïà øêîëüíèêîâ áûëà äîñòàòî÷íî
áîëüøîé. 6. Äàâàé âûïüåì ïî ÷àøå÷êå êîôå ñ êóñêîì ïèðîãà. 7. Íàì íóæíà êðóãëåíüêàÿ ñóììà äåíåã, ÷òîáû îòðåìîíòèðîâàòü êðûøó ãàðàæà. 8. Äåðåâíÿ ðàñïîëîæåíà ó ïîäíîæèÿ ãîðû. 9. Ó íå¸ ôèãóðà òîï-ìîäåëè. 10. Íà ñåðåäèíå ðåêè
åñòü ìàëåíüêèé îñòðîâîê. 11. Ëèöî æåíùèíû ïîêàçàëîñü ìíå
çíàêîìûì. 12. Ñåðäöå æåíùèíû íåïðåäñêàçóåìî. 13. Ïðèáëèæàåòñÿ êîíåö ñåìåñòðà. 14. ß îïëà÷èâàþ âñå ñ÷åòà â êîíöå
ãîäà. 15. Ìíå íóæíî êóïèòü ïà÷êó ñèãàðåò. 16. Ñûùèê ïûòàåòñÿ äîáðàòüñÿ äî ñóòè äåëà. 17. ß æèâó â ìíîãîýòàæíîì äîìå.
18. Ó íåãî íà ëèöå áûëî âûðàæåíèå óäèâëåíèÿ. 19. Âàñ æä¸ò
ãðóïïà òóðèñòîâ. 20. Îí æèâ¸ò â öåíòðå ãîðîäà. 21. Óñïîêîéñÿ!
Ýòî æå íå êîíåö ñâåòà!
57.3
Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Объясните употребление артиклей в выделенных словосочетаниях.
1. Hilda Roberts is clever enough to be at the top of the
class. 2. The tone of the story is set from the very beginning.
3. Jessica has the face of an angel and the character of a man.
4. Martin is fed up with the life of a bachelor. 5. The influence
of general computerizing cannot be overlooked. 6. These two
countries united for the betterment of Europe. 7. Morning! Does
anyone want a quick cup of coffee? 8. A bar of fruit and nuts
chocolate is a good snack. 9. I bought a piece of furniture which
cost me a fortune. 10. We are right in the middle of Christmas
preparations now, join us! 11. I have never had such a feeling of
complete and utter love as now. 12. The choice of words is very
important in our everyday life. 13. A spot of colour appeared on
her pale face. 14. At the beginning of the talks we were offered
tea and coffee. In the beginning there were strong arguments,
but in the end we came to an agreement. 15. I had the surprise
of my life when I saw this.16. Do you believe that the fortune of
a man can be told by his face?
Unit
U
n
nit
i t 58
it
58
Àðòèêëè âî ôðàçàõ
from
head to foot
time to time
start to finish
beginning to end
hand to mouth
ocean to ocean
by
accident
car, train, air
chance
hand, cash
half
the way
heart
fax, post, e-mail
all means
mistake
name
telephone
on
business
duty
a diet
holiday
fire
foot
one’s mind
deck
sale
good (bad) terms
time*
the telephone
the radio
television
in
advance
bed
court
fact
future
half
love
mind
time*
the end (= finally)
285
UNIT 58
Продолжение табл.
at
home
school
work
hand
first sight
last
a loss
once
present
sea
war/peace
the end (of )
* Различия в употреблении см. Unit 78.
58.1. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные фразы.
1. Day by day the weather is getting better. 2. Day after day
things are improving. 3. We call each other from time to time.
4. Time after time I’ve tried to walk away from you. 5. We’ve
been working side by side for many years. 6. Step by step
we are getting nearer to our goal. 7. He read the fax slowly,
line by line. 8. They walked in the park hand in hand. 9. We
enjoyed the performance from start to finish. 10. She read the
journal from cover to cover. 11. He is a gentleman from head to
toe. 12. During the war the family lived from hand to mouth.
13. The prisoner was tattooed from elbow to wrist. 14. She knew
the rules of business back to front. 15. Traffic stood nose to tail
(bumper to bumper) all the way to the centre. 16. They danced
in silence, cheek to cheek.
58.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíè ÿ âñòðå÷àþñü ñî ñâîèìè îäíîêëàññíèêàìè.
2. Äàìà â êðàñíîì òàíöóåò ñî ìíîé ùåêà ê ùåêå. 3.  òå÷åíèå
ìíîãèõ ëåò ìû ðàáîòàëè áîê î áîê. 4. Ñåìüÿ î÷åíü áåäíà. Îíè
ïåðåáèâàþòñÿ ñ õëåáà íà âîäó (æèâóò âïðîãîëîäü). 5. Äåíü çà
äí¸ì åãî ñîñòîÿíèå óëó÷øàåòñÿ. 6. Ïàðåíü áûë â òàòóèðîâêå
ñ ãîëîâû äî íîã. 7. Îíà ïðî÷èòàëà êíèãó îò êîðêè äî êîðêè çà
äâà äíÿ. 8. Îí ïåðåñêàçàë òåêñò ñëîâî â ñëîâî. 9. Îíà — ëåäè
äî êîí÷èêîâ íîãòåé. 10. Îí âëþáèëñÿ â íå¸ ñ ïåðâîãî âçãëÿäà.
11. Îíà íèêîãäà íå ïðèõîäèò âîâðåìÿ. 12. Íå âîëíóéñÿ. Ìû
286
Артикли во фразах
ïðèä¸ì âîâðåìÿ íà êîíöåðò. 13. Ñåé÷àñ îíà íà îâîùíîé äèåòå.
14. Íàì íóæíî çàêàçàòü áèëåòû çàðàíåå. 15. Âîò è òû íàêîíåö! Â áóäóùåì ïîñòàðàéñÿ ïðèõîäèòü âîâðåìÿ. 16. — Êòî ñåãîäíÿ äåæóðèò? — ß. 17. ß óñëûøàë ýòî ïî ðàäèî. 18. Íå òàê
ìíîãî èíòåðåñíûõ ïðîãðàìì íà òåëåâèäåíèè. 19. Ñåé÷àñ ýòà
êíèãà (åñòü) â ïðîäàæå. 20. Îí ñäåëàë ýòî ïî îøèáêå, ÿ óâåðåíà. 21. Ìû íå äðóçüÿ, íî ìû â õîðîøèõ îòíîøåíèÿõ. 22. Òû
âñåãäà ó ìåíÿ â ìûñëÿõ. 23. Äåðæè ýòî â óìå, õîðîøî?
58.3 Дополните предложения словосочетаниями из правой колонки.
1. I have only one apple. Let's divide
it ... .
2. Do you prefer travelling ... or ...?
3. If they start ..., they will be ... for
the train.
4. I miss you so much! You are
always ... !
5. It was ... that she was saved.
6. This Persian carpet is made ... .
7. Her son, a sailor, is most of the
time ... .
8. I know him ... , but not personally.
9. ... you have come! Where have you
been?
10. — Is this book still ...? — No, it's
out of print.
11. — Are they still ...? — Yes, they
are going to get married soon.
12. My car is out of order again, I'll
have to go ... to the office.
13. We travelled to London first ...,
then... and then ... .
14. ... did his parents try to stop him.
He wouldn't listen to them.
15. Sorry, I've taken your keys ... .
a. in love
b. by mistake
c. in vain
d. by air,
e. by ferry
f. by train
g. on time
h. at once,
i. in time
j. by hand
k. on my mind
l. in half
m. by chance
n. by night or by day
o. at sea
p. on foot
q. by name
r. at last
s. on sale
Unit
U
nit
n it
it 5
59
9
1. Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè,
îáîçíà÷àþùèìè óíèêàëüíûå
ÿâëåíèÿ
Употребление
Существительное
обозначает уникальный
(единственный
в своём роде) предмет
или явление: the sun,
the moon, the earth,
the wind, the sky,
the world, the south,
the north, the west,
the east, the horizon,
the globe, the Cosmos,
the Universe, the equator,
the hemisphere,
the atmosphere, the Milky
Way, the Northern Lights
(cеверное сияние)
the
The wind was strong.
The Sun is a star.
The moon moves
round the Earth.
This is the way of the
world.
The sky was blue.
Ho:
East or West home is
best.
a
При наличии
описательного
определения
употребляется
неопределённый
артикль
This is a small world
(мир тесен).
We live in a big, big
world.
A full moon was
shining.
A strong wind was
blowing.
Названия планет употребляются без артикля: Venus, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter,
Mercury.
Возможные варианты слова «земля»: Earth (планета), the Earth, the earth.
288
2. Обобщающее (родовое) значение артиклей; изобретения, жанры, термины
2. Îáîáùàþùåå (ðîäîâîå) çíà÷åíèå
àðòèêëåé; èçîáðåòåíèÿ, æàíðû,
òåðìèíû
Употребление
the
a
Существительное
употребляется в
обобщающем
родовом
значении и
представляет весь
класс людей,
животных,
изобретения,
термины, жанры.
The rich, the poor, the old,
the young, the unemployed.
Неопределённый
артикль также
возможен
(классификация):
A rose is a wonderful
flower. (любая, всякая
роза)
An elephant is a funny
animal. (любой, всякий
слон)
A parrot is a clever
bird — it can learn
150 words.
The elephant is a strong
animal.
The rose is a symbol of love.
The computer was
constructed in America.
The drama first appeared in
Ancient Greece.
The article is used only with
nouns.
The radio was invented long
before television.
Mass Media — the Media
(средства массовой
информации)
1. Существительные man, woman в родовом значении употребляются без артикля.
Man can do everything. God created man before woman.
Man proposes, God disposes. It was nature tamed by man.
2. Mass Media (the Media) are: the Press, (the) Radio, Television (TV).
59.1. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. ...................... world has changed so much since I was a young
man. 2. I’m ...................... big, big girl in ...................... big, big world.
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3. This is ...................... small world. 4. This is the way of ......................
world. 5. We are from ...................... absolutely different worlds.
6. ...................... moon showed us the way. 7. ...................... young
silver moon appeared in ...................... sky. 8. ...................... Mercury
is the small planet closest to the sun. 9. People in ......................
East live longer than in ...................... West. 10. ...................... strong
wind began blowing. 11. He was on an expedition to ......................
North Pole. 12. There is ...................... good wind for boating today.
13. ...................... sun’s rays pass through ...................... atmosphere
to warm ...................... surface of ...................... Earth. 14. ......................
Galaxy which we live in is called ...................... Milky Way.
15. Through the Internet you can enter ...................... world of
information. 16. ...................... equator is ...................... imaginary line
round ...................... Earth. 17. ...................... horizon is the line at
which ...................... earth (or sea) and ...................... sky seem to meet.
18. ...................... Saturn, ...................... Uranus and ...................... Jupiter
have ring systems. 19. ...................... ground was still wet after the
rain. 20. There are wonders from all over ...................... globe in
this museum. 21. ...................... North Star is a guiding star. 22. —
Have you ever seen ...................... Northern Lights? — I have, in
Murmansk. It was ...................... fantastic sight! 23. Will you take
me to ...................... Milky Way on my holiday? 24. The house has
got ...................... friendly atmosphere. 25. We all hope to live in
...................... better world.
59.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Âñåëåííàÿ áåñêîíå÷íà. 2. Çåìëÿ êðóãëàÿ, è îíà âðàùàåòñÿ.
3. Ñîëíöå íå ïëàíåòà. Ýòî çâåçäà. 4. Ñîëíöå äà¸ò íàì ñâåò,
òåïëî, ýíåðãèþ. Îäíèì ñëîâîì, îíî äà¸ò íàì æèçíü. 5. Êíèãè
ïåðåíîñèëè (transport) Ìàòèëüäó â ÷óäåñíûé ìèð. 6. Âû ìîæåòå óâèäåòü ñåâåðíîå ñèÿíèå ëèøü íà ñåâåðå. 7. Íà çåìëå
åñòü äâà ïîëþñà — Ñåâåðíûé ïîëþñ è Þæíûé ïîëþñ. 8. Êîãäà ìîðÿêè äîñòèãàþò ýêâàòîðà, òî îíè îáÿçàòåëüíî êóïàþòñÿ
â îêåàíå. Ýòî òðàäèöèÿ. 9. Êàêîé õîëîäíûé âåòåð äóåò ñåãîäíÿ! 10. Þðèé Ãàãàðèí áûë ïåðâûì ÷åëîâåêîì, êîòîðûé ïîëåòåë â êîñìîñ. 11.  ãîñòÿõ õîðîøî, à äîìà ëó÷øå. 12.  àòìîñôåðå çåìëè åñòü îçîíîâûå äûðû. 13. Ïîëíàÿ ëóíà ñâåòèëà íà
290
2. Обобщающее (родовое) значение артиклей; изобретения, жанры, термины
íåáå. 14. Íà òîì ñòîèò ìèð. 15. Ìèð òåñåí. Ìíîãèå ëþäè çíàþò
äðóã äðóãà. 16. Îí èçâåñòíàÿ ëè÷íîñòü â êîìïüþòåðíîì ìèðå.
17. Ïîñìîòðè íà ãëîáóñ è íàéäè ãîðîä Êåéïòàóí. Îí â Þæíîì ïîëóøàðèè. 18. Íà Þæíîì ïîëþñå òîæå æèâóò ïèíãâèíû,
íî îíè î÷åíü ìàëåíüêèå è ìèëûå. 19. Ëóíà âðàùàåòñÿ âîêðóã
Çåìëè. 20. Áîæå ìîé, ÷òî çà ìèð!
59.3. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. ...................... cat was domesticated in Ancient Egypt. 2. ......................
rose is considered to be one of the most beautiful flowers.
3. ...................... apple tree and ...................... grape are the oldest fruittrees. 4. ...................... tiger is steadily dying out. 5. I am very
fond of ...................... ballet, but I fall asleep in ...................... opera.
6. ...................... dollar went down against ...................... euro last week.
7. “...................... Periodic Table” belongs to the Russian chemist
Dmitri Mendeleyev. 8. ...................... Media are ...................... Press,
...................... Radio, and ...................... Television. 9. That’s ......................
teacher speaking in you. Don’t be so categoric. 10. The great
destination of ...................... woman is to awaken love. 11. ......................
atom was known to the ancient Greeks. 12. ...................... diamond
is the hardest substance known to ...................... man. 13. ......................
cockroach is considered to be the oldest insect on ...................... Earth.
14. In the eyes of ...................... law it’s illegal. 15. ...................... potato
was brought to Russia from America. 16. ...................... circus makes
people remember their childhood. 17. ...................... violet is a lovely
flower. 18. ...................... sea cow is not a cow at all. 19. ......................
dinosaur ['daǹnǨsǣ:] was a large reptile which lived in prehistoric
times and which is now extinct. 20. Anthropology shows the
development of ...................... man on ...................... Earth. 21. ......................
man makes ...................... house, ...................... woman makes ......................
home. 22. What’s on ...................... telly today? 23. Many people
think that the Internet and e-mail have brought about ......................
end of ...................... book. But practice shows that ...................... book
has survived. 24. ...................... book is always a good gift (present).
25. ...................... cat has always been considered by ...................... man
as an intelligent creature.
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UNIT 59
59.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ëåâ — íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ýìáëåìà Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè. 2. Ìåòðî
âïåðâûå ïîÿâèëîñü â Ëîíäîíå â êîíöå XIX âåêà. 3. Âåëîñèïåä
ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîïóëÿðíûì âèäîì òðàíñïîðòà âî ìíîãèõ ñòðàíàõ.
4. Íèêòî íå çíàåò, ÷òî ïîÿâèëîñü ðàíüøå — êóðèöà èëè ÿéöî.
5. Ïî÷òîâàÿ ìàðêà âïåðâûå ïîÿâèëàñü â Àíãëèè â 1840 ãîäó.
6. Ïàâëèí — îäíà èç ñàìûõ êðàñèâûõ ïòèö. 7. Ó âñåõ íàñåêîìûõ øåñòü íîã, à ó ïàóêà — âîñåìü. 8. Êðóã íå èìååò íè
íà÷àëà, íè êîíöà. 9. Êàëåíäàðü — î÷åíü ïîëåçíîå èçîáðåòåíèå. 10. Ìíå íóæåí êàëåíäàðü íà ñëåäóþùèé ãîä. 11. Êîðîòêà
æèçíü ÷åëîâåêà! 12. Êåíãóðó æèâóò â Àâñòðàëèè. 13. Ãèòàðà ïîÿâèëàñü â Èñïàíèè â XIII âåêå. 14. Àïåëüñèí — ñèìâîë
øòàòà Ôëîðèäà. 15. Ïåðâûé êîìïüþòåð áûë ñîçäàí (construct)
â Ïåíñèëüâàíèè â 1946 ãîäó. 16. Íåçàáóäêà — ìèëûé öâåòîê.
17. Ãîëóáîé êèò — ñàìîå áîëüøîå æèâîòíîå íà çåìëå. 18. Ëåòíåå âðåìÿ áûëî âïåðâûå ââåäåíî â Àíãëèè â 1908 ãîäó. Àíãëè÷àíå ðåøèëè ñýêîíîìèòü íà ñâå÷àõ. 19. ×òî ñåãîäíÿ ïî òåëåâèçîðó? 20. Ñðåäñòâà ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèè ñîîáùàþò íàì
äåíü çà äí¸ì òî, ÷òî ïðîèñõîäèò â ìèðå. 21. Áàîáàá — ýòî
îãðîìíîå àôðèêàíñêîå äåðåâî. 22. Àèñò ñòðîèò ñâî¸ ãíåçäî íà
êðûøàõ äîìîâ. 23. Ñîáàêà — äðóã ÷åëîâåêà. 24. Äîëëàð îïÿòü
óïàë ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê åâðî. 25. — ×òî òû ëþáèøü áîëüøå: áàëåò èëè îïåðó? — Áàëåò. — À ÿ áîëüøå ëþáëþ îïåðó, åñëè,
êîíå÷íî, ýòî õîðîøàÿ îïåðà. 26. Îëèâêîâîå äåðåâî æèâåò îêîëî 900 ëåò.
59.5. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. ...................... last years of ...................... XX century were ......................
years of ...................... Internet. 2. ...................... heart is ...................... small
miracle. 3. ...................... East is where things begin, my mother
once told me, ...................... direction from which ...................... sun rises,
where ...................... wind comes from. 4. There are four sides of
...................... world, four seasons in-year. 5. ...................... children grow
up in ...................... flash, and parents say they struggle to make
every moment last. That’s why I bought my daughter another
doll, ...................... last doll before she enters ...................... world of
make-up and boys.
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Àðòèêëè ñ ëè÷íûìè èìåíàìè
(èìåíà è ôàìèëèè ëþäåé)
the
все члены семьи,
лимитирующее
определение
The Sviridovs are my
friends.
The Peacocks live in
Newcastle.
This isn’t the Pamela I
used to know.
The Alice you met today
is the real Alice, loving
and natural.
—
личное имя, обращение
Mr. Snow is my boss.
Little Monica is a nice
child.
Dear Charles, how
are you?
Poor Billy lost his toy.
Old Tom was a sailor.
a
один из членов семьи,
описательное определение
Не is a Sviridov and very
talented.
You are a true Peacock.
A Safonov called you an
hour ago.
A Forrester wants to see
you. (какой-то)
It’s a completely new
Pamela.
This singer is a new Elvis.
1. Личное имя может становиться нарицательным и обозначать произведения, премии или же типичные черты носителя имени (но не самого человека)
I bought a Webster. (словарь)
Не drives a Ford. (машина)
This museum has a Goya. (картина)
This film won an Oscar. (приз)
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He is a typical Casanova.
характерные черты человека
What a Don Juan you are!
My friend is a Jack-of-all-trades! (мастер на все руки)
}
2. Имена членов семьи, употребляемые членами этой же семьи, артикля не
имеют и пишутся с большой буквы.
Hello, Papa! Hello, Mama!
Is Baby still asleep? Is Nanny at home?
60.1. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. ...................... Harry Potter was a wizard. 2. ...................... dear Old
Marion! No words can tell how much I miss you! 3. “......................
Betty, is ...................... Father in?” Jimmy shouted from the
door. — “Not yet, but ...................... Mother and ...................... Auntie
have just come.” 4. — This fellow is really ...................... Jack-of-all
trades. — Yes, and master of none. 5. Can I introduce ......................
Peter Simons? 6. Can I introduce ...................... Peter Simons I told
you about the other day? 7. There is ...................... Peter Simons
waiting for you, sir. 8. — What a smart costume! — Yes, it’s
...................... Chanel. 9. — Is that ...................... Sharon Stone over
there? — You mean ...................... Sharon Stone? — Exactly. 10. We
spent the weekend with ...................... Lovedays. 11. — What a
bright pullover! — Yes, it’s ........................... Benetton. 12. .......................
Mozart is my favourite composer. 13. ...................... Danny, you
are a great composer, God knows, you may become .......................
modern Mozart. 14. .......................... Dulton got into a dangerous
situation. He didn’t know what to do. “Collect yourself, you
are an Englishman, and what’s more you are ...................... Dulton.
............................ Dultons never give in!” he was saying to himself.
15. He is driving ...................... new Lincoln. 16. ...................... Sergeant,
can I ask you to help me? 17. This actor got ...................... Nika for
that film. 18. The concert hall bought ...................... new Petroff.
19. We are shocked. That’s not ...................... Emma we used to
know. 20. She had been born ...................... Romanov and was a
cousin of Czar Nicholas. 21. There is ...................... Shagal in this
museum.
294
Артикли с личными именами
60.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — ß âèäåë Ïîëà Ìàêêàðòíè íà êîíöåðòå â ÑàíêòÏåòåðáóðãå. — Òîãî ñàìîãî Ïîëà Ìàêêàðòíè? Çäîðîâî! 2. Ëîðä
Ñýíäâè÷ èçîáð¸ë áóòåðáðîä. 3. Äåâî÷êà õî÷åò, ÷òîáû Äåä Ìîðîç ïðèí¸ñ åé Áàðáè íà Íîâûé ãîä. 4. — Íÿíÿ äîìà? — Îíà
ãóëÿåò â ñàäó ñ ìàëåíüêèì Ìèøåé. 5. — Êàêîé êðàñèâûé ìàãàçèí! — Äà, ýòî Âàëåíòèíî. 6. ß ñîáèðàþñü êóïèòü íîâûé
ñëîâàðü — Êîëëèíç èëè æå Ìàêìèëëàí. 7. Íå òàê äàâíî îòêðûëñÿ íîâûé ÌàêÄîíàëäñ ðÿäîì ñî ñòàíöèåé ìåòðî. 8. Äà òû
ïðîñòî Äæåéìñ Áîíä! 9. Ôèëüì «Òèòàíèê» ïîëó÷èë íåñêîëüêî Îñêàðîâ. 10. Ó Ïàðêåðîâ âåëèêîëåïíàÿ áèáëèîòåêà. 11. Ïîëèöèÿ çíàåò, ÷òî ó íåãî äîìà åñòü Êàëàøíèêîâ. 12. — Âàñ
ñïðàøèâàåò êàêàÿ-òî Ìàðèíà. — Äà, ýòî Ìàðèíà, êîòîðóþ
ìíå ðåêîìåíäîâàëè êàê áóõãàëòåðà. 13. Òåáå ñëåäóåò óçíàòü
ïðàâäó îá èñòèííîì Òîíè. 14. Íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ãàëåðåÿ êóïèëà
Ãîãåíà íà àóêöèîíå. 15. Îíà èñòèííàÿ Ðè÷àðäñîí è, êàê âñå
Ðè÷àðäñîíû, î÷åíü òàëàíòëèâà. 16. Ìîæíî ïîãîâîðèòü ñ Âàìè,
äîêòîð? 17. — Òû íàñòîÿùèé Êàçàíîâà. — À òû äîíæóàí!
18. Èñïóãàííàÿ Èðèíà îòêðûëà äâåðü. 19. Ýòîò ïàðåíü íàñòîÿùèé Òàðçàí. 20. Ìû íå ìîãëè óçíàòü ïðàêòè÷íóþ, ðàçóìíóþ
Äæåéí. Ýòî áûëà ñîâåðøåííî äðóãàÿ Äæåéí.
60.3. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
1. We found ourselves in ...................... London of Sherlock Holmes
and Watson. 2. But today we had ...................... different Tony
Hampton, Tony much less noble, ...................... man without honour.
3. Today, he was not a bit like ...................... Jack whom I’d come to
know in London. 4. Alice is on ...................... cloud nine with joy, as
this is ...................... Joe she fell in love with, this is ...................... Joe
she doesn’t often see any more. 5. ...................... Julia you met today
is ...................... real Julia, loving and natural. 6. I know how you
feel about ...................... Parkers, and I know, you wouldn’t accept
...................... Parker in the family, Grandmother. 7. What ......................
brave man! He is ...................... true Jackie Chan. 8. ...................... Old
Mc Donald had ...................... farm and on ...................... farm he had a
lot of animals. 9. This book got ...................... Booker.
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Àðòèêëè ñ íàçâàíèÿìè áîëåçíåé
AIDS, diabetes [ɑdaǹNj'bi:ti:z], hepatitis [ɑhepNj'taǹtǹs],
influenza, (the) measles, appendicitis, (the) mumps,
flu, herpes, malaria, pneumonia, cholera, smallpox
—
Названия болезней
вообще.
The child has the first
symptoms of measles.
She had a mild attack
of flu.
AIDS is a very
dangerous illness.
Mumps is a disease
usually caught by
children.
a (an)
catch a cold, have a fever,
to come down with a
cold, have an earache (a
toothache, a headache, ...)
She had a splitting
headache and went to
bed early.
Starve a fever and feed a
cold.
I’m coming down with a
cold.
The
Ситуация, контекст,
лимитирующее
определение
The toothache was
awful.
She couldn’t stand the
headache.
The heartache
he caused her was
unbearable.
1. to have heartache — моральные страдания
She is in love with Steve and is having heartache.
to have a heart attack (problem) — физическая болезнь сердца
He had a heart attack last night and was taken to hospital.
2. Множественное число возможно с существительными headache, cold.
She is often suffering from headaches.
There is usually a splash of colds in autumn.
296
Артикли с названиями болезней
61.1. Выберите правильный вариант в следующих предложениях.
1. Measles/the measles is an infectious illness that gives you a
high temperature and red spots on your skin. 2. What is the best
treatment for malaria/a malaria? 3. Do you often suffer from a
herpes/herpes? 4. If you have an appendicitis/appendicitis, you
must call a doctor immediately. 5. Being unpopular at school can
cause a real heartache/ real heartache to children of any ages.
6. Whenever I catch a cold/ cold, it always lasts two weeks.
7. Don’t sit near the window, you may catch cold/a cold. 8. He
realized that his behaviour had caused his parents heartache/a
heartache. 9. Flu/a flu is an illness which is similar to a bad
cold but more serious. 10. Heartache/a heartache is deep sorrow
and emotional suffering. 11. I was too weak from flu/the flu to
work. 12. Pneumonia/the pneumonia is a serious disease which
affects your lungs. 13. Diabetes/the diabetes is an illness in
which someone has too much sugar in their blood.
61.2. Прочитайте следующие советы и постарайтесь следовать им.
WHAT YOU SHOULD DO IF YOU HAVE FLU
You come back from work and you’re feeling awful. You’re
weak, you have a headache and your temperature is over 38°C.
You’ve lost your appetite and you feel sick. You’ve got all the
symptoms of flu. But there’s no quick cure. Flu — influenza —
is caused by a virus ['vaǹrǨs]. And viruses can’t be killed with
antibiotics. Only your own defence system can get rid of them.
So for most of us there’s no point in seeing the doctor when
we’ve got flu. But you should know what to do:
1. Stay indoors, keep warm, and keep away from other people
so as not to pass on the infection.
2. Have a lot of cool drinks — water, cranberry juice, fruit
drinks — about 2-3 litres a day.
3. If you have a high temperature, take aspirin every 4 hours
during the day. And stay in bed not to get complications.
4. Try to have 3 light meals a day. But don’t force yourself to
eat if you’ve lost your appetite.
5. You’ve got your own defence system — try to make it work.
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UNIT 61
61.3. A. Прочитайте диалог и перескажите его в косвенной речи.
A VISIT TO THE DOCTOR
— Hello, how are you, Doris?
— I feel terrible, Nancy.
— Oh, dear! What’s the matter?
— Well, I went to the doctor’s on Wednesday.
— Was it serious?
— Well, I felt fine on Tuesday, but now I feel dreadful.
— Poor you. What happened?
— Yes, poor me. He looked into my eyes, then he shone a light
down my throat.
— Oh, dear!
— And he felt my chest, and hit me on the knee with a little
hammer.
— Was it painful?
— It was murder! And he poked my stomach with his fingers,
and gave me an X-ray.
— He gave you a thorough exam then.
— Oh, yes. Then he gave me two bottles of pills and a bottle of
medicine. And now I feel terrible.
— Oh, dear! What a shame!
— Yes, it was! After all I only went to make an appointment
for my sister!
B. Speak about your last visit to the doctor.
61.4. А. Прочитайте текст и постарайтесь следовать данному совету.
I’m fine.
I’m fine, I’m fine.
There’s nothing the matter with me.
I’m just as healthy as I can be.
My pulse is weak and my blood is thin,
But I’m awfully well for the shape I’m in.
I’m overweight and I can’t get thin,
But I’m awfully well for the shape I’m in.
298
Артикли с названиями болезней
Sleep doesn’t come to me every night,
And every morning, I’m really a sight.
My memory is bad and my head’s a spin,
And I practically live on aspirin.
But I’m awfully well for the shape I’m in.
The moral is, as this tale unfolds,
That for you and me who are getting old,
It’s better to say “I’m fine”, with a grin
Than to let people know the shape we’re in!
В. Расскажите, как Вы себя чувствуете вообще и сегодня в частности.
61.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ÑÏÈÄ — îïàñíàÿ áîëåçíü. 2. Ñâèíêîé îáû÷íî áîëåþò äåòè.
3. Ïîíÿòèÿ íå èìåþ, ãäå ÿ ïðîñòóäèëñÿ. 4. — Ó ìåíÿ ðàñêàëûâàåòñÿ ãîëîâà. — Ïðèìè àñïèðèí. 5. Åñëè ó òåáÿ áîëèò
çóá, òåáå íóæíî íåìåäëåííî èäòè ê ñòîìàòîëîãó. 6. — Ïî÷åìó ðåá¸íîê òàê ãðîìêî ïëà÷åò? — Ó íåãî áîëèò óøêî. 7. Îíè
ðàññòàëèñü, è Åëåíà òåïåðü î÷åíü ñòðàäàåò. 8. Ïîñëå ýòîé
òðàãåäèè ó íåãî áûë ñåðäå÷íûé ïðèñòóï. 9. — Ïðèâåò, Ìàðèíà! Êàê òû ñåáÿ ÷óâñòâóåøü? — Ñïàñèáî, î÷åíü õîðîøî.
À êàê òû? — Ñïàñèáî, íåïëîõî. 10. Ó íåãî äèàáåò, è ïîýòîìó
îí íà î÷åíü ñòðîãîé äèåòå. 11. — Ïî÷åìó áîëüíîé òàê òÿæåëî
äûøèò? — Ó íåãî âîñïàëåíèå ë¸ãêèõ. 12. Åñëè ó Âàñ áîëèò
ãîðëî, ïðèìèòå âîò ýòè òàáëåòêè. Îíè Âàì ïîìîãóò. 13. Îïåðàöèÿ áûëà áîëåçíåííîé, íî îíà ñïàñëà áîëüíîãî. 14. Íå óâëåêàéòåñü àíòèáèîòèêàìè. Çàñòàâüòå ðàáîòàòü çàùèòíûå ñèëû
ñâîåãî îðãàíèçìà. 15. Ó íåå ðåäêàÿ ãëàçíàÿ áîëåçíü. 16. Ïðåæäå ÷åì ïîéòè â ñïîðòèâíóþ ñåêöèþ, ðåáåíîê äîëæåí ïðîéòè
òùàòåëüíûé ìåäèöèíñêèé îñìîòð. 17. Íåéðîáèêà — ýòî ãèìíàñòèêà äëÿ ìîçãà. 18. Êóðåíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðè÷èíîé ìíîãèõ
áîëåçíåé. 19. Ìíîãèå ëþäè â ñîâðåìåííîì ìèðå ñòðàäàþò îò
áåññîííèöû. 20. Ïîáî÷íûìè ýôôåêòàìè ýòîãî ëåêàðñòâà ÿâëÿþòñÿ áåññîííèöà è äåïðåññèÿ.
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Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè
â ôóíêöèè ïðèëîæåíèÿ
è ïðåäèêàòèâà
(÷àñòè ñîñòàâíîãî èìåííîãî ñêàçóåìîãî)
а
с исчисляемыми
существительными
в единственном числе
the
с именем известного
человека; ситуация, контекст,
лимитирующее определение
My friend, a student,
studies hard.
Pushkin, the great
Russian poet, described
autumn beautifully.
Mozart, the music genius,
is the best medicine for
me.
Mr. Hooks, the newspaper
editor, wants to see you.
Marina, the headstudent,
keeps our register.
Но:
My friends, students,
study hard.
The painting, a Dali,
costs a lot.
The article, a small
word, causes a lot of
problems.
300
Также, если
приложение
предшествует имени
собственному: the
painter Turner, the
composer Verdi, the
student Tarasova, the
scientist Malov, the boy
Tom, the girl Tracey.
—
официальный пост, чин,
должность, которые могут
заниматься лишь одним
человеком
Наиболее
употребительные
слова: president, prime
minister, king, queen,
czar, secretary, author,
dean, chairperson,
goalkeeper, centre
forward, leader,
head, headmaster,
headmistress, principal,
chief.
Mr. Wilson, Prime
Minister of England,
made a historic speech.
He is President of a small
republic.
She is Head (Dean)
of the Linguistic
Department.
Артикли с существительными в функции приложения и предикатива
Продолжение табл.
а
с исчисляемыми
существительными
в единственном числе
the
с именем известного
человека; ситуация, контекст,
лимитирующее определение
Сравните:
The President had a
meeting with the Prime
Minister.
The Dean is in her office
now.
The director has just left.
(имеется в виду
сам человек, но не
занимаемый им пост)
—
официальный пост, чин,
должность, которые могут
заниматься лишь одним
человеком
Mr. Marshall, director of
the firm, is from Wales.
She was a cousin of Czar
Nicholas.
1. The Tzar Peter the Great, Catherine the Second, Ivan the Terrible, William the
Conqueror, Alfred the Great, the Baron Munchausen, the Emperor Napoleon,
Vasilissa the Fair, Jack the Ripper.
2. В следующих званиях, титулах артикль не употребляется:
Czar Nicholas, Queen Victoria, Admiral Nelson, King Solomon, Lord Byron, Captain Cook, Doctor Watson, Professor Vishnevski, Detective Willson.
62.1. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. Their child, ...................... girl, was born in May. 2. Roy, ......................
undisciplined boy, drove many teachers to despair. 3. Susan,
...................... colleague of mine, is giving a party next Saturday night.
4. Walt Disney, ...................... famous film animator and producer,
created Disneyland, ...................... large pleasure park, which was
opened in California in 1955. 5. ...................... boy Mike and ......................
girl Caroline dressed as ghosts for the Halloween party. 6. Today
I’m going to watch the film about ...................... Admiral Nelson
and ...................... Lady Hamilton. 7. Mr. Robinson is ...................... Head
of ...................... Department of Computing. 8. Matilda, ......................
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UNIT 62
brilliant girl, was very quick to learn. 9. The next day, ......................
Wednesday, a fax came. 10. ...................... Queen acts on the advice
of ...................... Prime Minister. 11. ...................... King Arthur is often
compared with ...................... Czar Peter the Great. 12. Will ......................
Prime Minister Blair discuss it with ...................... Queen Elizabeth?
13. There lived once two brothers, ...................... good and honest
men. 14. You see, Bruce is still ...................... Ñhairman. 15. The
English expedition was led by ...................... Captain Cook. 16. Many
people spoke at the meeting:...................... teacher Borodin, ......................
worker Ognev, ...................... professor Nikolayev, ...................... general
Vetrov. 17. ...................... Princess Margaret is known for her charity
work. 18. Mrs. Lively, ...................... professor of linguistics, is
studying the slang of teenagers. 19. He was appointed ......................
governor of the state. 20. ...................... Doctor Sandford is out at the
moment.
62.2.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Äæåê Âîòñ, êîììåíòàòîð, ðàáîòàåò íà ÂÂÑ. 2. Êàðòèíà, íåáîëüøîå ïîëîòíî, ñòîèëà öåëîå ñîñòîÿíèå. 3. Â Íàöèîíàëüíîé
ãàëåðåå â Ëîíäîíå âû ìîæåòå óâèäåòü êàðòèíû õóäîæíèêà
Òåðíåðà. 4. Ñîáàêà, îãðîìíàÿ îâ÷àðêà, îõðàíÿëà äîì ïî íî÷àì. 5. Íàì î÷åíü ïîíðàâèëñÿ èõ äîì, äâóõýòàæíîå çäàíèå íà
áåðåãó ðåêè. 6. Îí ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîðîë¸ì Èñïàíèè. 7. Ó ïðåçèäåíòà áûëè ïåðåãîâîðû ñ ïðåìüåð-ìèíèñòðîì. 8. Äà çäðàâñòâóåò
Êîðîëåâà! 9. Ìîé äÿäÿ — ïðåçèäåíò áîëüøîãî áàíêà. 10. Çèìíèé äâîðåö áûë ïîñòðîåí àðõèòåêòîðîì Ðàñòðåëëè. 11. Áàéðîí, âåëèêèé àíãëèéñêèé ïîýò, ñðàæàëñÿ çà ñâîáîäó Ãðåöèè.
12. Äåòè, îçîðíûå ïîäðîñòêè, ÷àñòî ïðèåçæàëè ê íàì íà âûõîäíûå. 13. Êèâè, òðîïè÷åñêèé ôðóêò, áîãàò âèòàìèíîì Ñ.
14. Âñå äåòè ëþáÿò Ìèêêè Ìàóñà, çíàìåíèòîãî ìóëüòèïëèêàöèîííîãî ïåðñîíàæà. 15. Äæåôôðè ×îñåð, îñíîâîïîëîæíèê
àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà, ïðîæèë î÷åíü èíòåðåñíóþ æèçíü. 16. Ìîé
äðóã, ïèñàòåëü, âñåãäà î÷åíü çàíÿò. 17. Âëàäèìèð Íàáîêîâ,
âñåìèðíî èçâåñòíûé ðóññêèé ïèñàòåëü, áûë ìàñòåðîì ñòèëÿ. 18. Ìîÿ äî÷ü, âòîðîêóðñíèöà, óâëåêàåòñÿ éîãîé. 19. Íàø
ñîñåä, íàëîãîâûé îôèöåð, ÷àñòî æàëóåòñÿ íà òî, ÷òî ó íåãî
î÷åíü òðóäíàÿ ðàáîòà.
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Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì
Fruit
Единственное число
(неисчисл.)
Вид питания, продукт
(нет формы
множественного числа)
Fruit is good for health.
It is rich in vitamins. There
is fruit on the table.
Do you like fruit?
Is fruit expensive this
year?
Fruits
Множественное число
Различные виды
фруктов
Many different fruits
are brought from Italy,
Greece and Spain.
I like citrus fruits best.
What are the local
fruits?
The fruit
(ситуация, контекст,
лимитирующее
определение)
The fruit is on the
table.
Where is the fruit?
The fruit which you
bought was very good.
How much did you pay
for the fruit?
Слово fruit может употребляться в переносном значении — плоды, результаты чего-либо: the fruits of nature, the fruits of industry.
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UNIT 63
Àðòèêëè ñ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì
Исчисляемое существительное
Ед. число
Мн. число
a fish
a carp
a trout
a pike
two fish
three carp
four trout
many pike
What a beautiful fish!
I gave a fish to the cat.
There are many (a lot of)
fish in this lake.
How many fish did you
catch?
Неисчисляемое
существительное
(продукт питания)
Fish is useful.
Do you like fish?
There is fish on the
menu.
I like fish and chips.
1. Форма fishes (различные виды рыб) употребляется редко!
The fishes of the Atlantic.
There are different fishes in the fish-tank.
2. Существительное fish имеет также собирательное значение.
Fish travel long distances in the sea.
Ecologically, fish are at risk now.
Сравните в русском языке:
Рыба проплывает большие расстояния.
3. There are many other fish in the sea. —
Свет клином на нём не сошёлся.
Не is an odd fish. — Он странный тип.
63.1. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ôðóêòû ïîëåçíû, îñîáåííî äåòÿì. Â íèõ ìíîãî âèòàìèíîâ è
ìèíåðàëüíûõ ñîëåé. 2. ß ëþáëþ öèòðóñîâûå ôðóêòû: àïåëü304
Артикли с существительным
ñèíû, ìàíäàðèíû, ëèìîíû, ãðåéïôðóòû. 3. Ðàçëè÷íûå ôðóêòû èñïîëüçóþòñÿ â êîñìåòèêå. 4. ß î÷åíü ëþáëþ ôðóêòû ñ
îðåõàìè. 5. Ýòîò ñîê ñäåëàí èç ðàçëè÷íûõ ôðóêòîâ. 6. Ôðóêòû äîðîãèå, îñîáåííî çèìîé. 7. Äåòè ëþáÿò ìîðîæåíîå ñ ôðóêòàìè. 8. Îòíåñè ôðóêòû íà êóõíþ è ïîìîé èõ. 9. Ó íàñ ñåãîäíÿ
ôðóêòû íà äåñåðò. 10. Ðàíüøå ôðóêòû ïðèâîçèëè èç Êðûìà è Êàâêàçà. Ñåé÷àñ èõ ïðèâîçÿò â îñíîâíîì èç Ëàòèíñêîé
Àìåðèêè, Àôðèêè, Èòàëèè, Ãðåöèè, Èñïàíèè. 11. Óãîùàéòåñü
ôðóêòàìè, ïîæàëóéñòà. 12. Ôðóêòîâûé ñàëàò ñîñòîèò èç ðàçëè÷íûõ ôðóêòîâ. 13.  ýòîì ãîäó ìàëî ôðóêòîâ. 14. Òåïåðü âû
ìîæåòå ïîëíîñòüþ íàñëàäèòüñÿ ïëîäàìè ñâîåãî òðóäà. 15. Íà
íàøèõ ðûíêàõ ïðîäà¸òñÿ ìíîãî ðàçëè÷íûõ ôðóêòîâ.
63.2. А. Вставьте в пропуски артикль, если это необходимо.
THE GOLDEN FISH
Once upon ...................... time, on ...................... island of Buyan, there
stood ...................... small cottage, and in that cottage lived ......................
old man and ...................... old woman. They were ...................... very
poor people. ...................... old man caught ...................... fish with a net,
and ...................... old woman sat in ...................... old sarafan, spinning
wool. One day ...................... man caught ...................... small fish, but it
was not ...................... ordinary fish, it was ...................... golden one. And
it spoke in ...................... human voice. “Let me go back to ......................
deep blue sea, ...................... old man! I’ll do everything that you
wish.”...................... old man felt sorry for ...................... fish and threw it
back into ...................... water. When he came home, he told his wife
that ...................... great miracle had happened to him and that he
had caught ...................... golden fish on that day. ...................... woman
got very angry and cursed ...................... old man from ......................
morning till ...................... night. “Why didn’t you ask for ......................
loaf of bread, you, ...................... old fool”, she yelled at him.
In despair ...................... unhappy fisherman went down to ......................
sea and shouted in ...................... loud voice, “Fish, oh fish! Stand with
your tail on ...................... sea and your head facing me.”......................
fish came swimming to ...................... shore, listened to ...................... old
man’s wish and promised him plenty of ...................... food. When
he returned to ...................... cottage, there was a lot of ......................
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UNIT 63
bread in it. But ...................... old woman was angrier than ever and
said that she needed ...................... new tub, as ...................... old one
was leaking and she couldn’t do ...................... washing. Back went
...................... man to ...................... sea. “Fish, oh fish!” he shouted. Up
swam ...................... golden fish. “What do you need, ...................... my
friend?” it asked.
В. Расскажите сказку до конца.
63.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Åñòü ëè ðûáà â Ìîñêâà-ðåêå? — Äà, åñòü. 2. — Åñòü ëè
ðûáà â ìåíþ? — Êîíå÷íî, åñòü. 3.  âîñêðåñåíüå ÿ ïîéìàë
òð¸õ êàðïîâ. 4.  ýòîì îçåðå íåò ðûáû. 5. Ðûáàêè áûëè ñ÷àñòëèâû, îíè ïîéìàëè ìíîãî ðûáû. 6. Ðûáà î÷åíü âêóñíàÿ, êòî å¸
ãîòîâèë? 7. Îíà äûøèò êàê ðûáà, êîòîðóþ âûòàùèëè èç âîäû.
8. Ëþáèìàÿ åäà àíãëè÷àí — ðûáà ñ æàðåíûì êàðòîôåëåì.
9. Ó ìîåãî äðóãà áîëüøàÿ êîëëåêöèÿ ïòèö è ðûá. 10. Ìàëü÷èêó ïîäàðèëè êðàñî÷íûé àëüáîì î ðûáàõ Àòëàíòèêè. 11. Ðûáà
áîëåå ïîëåçíà, ÷åì ìÿñî. 12. — Êàêàÿ êðàñèâàÿ ðûáêà! — Äà,
ýòî ðûáà-çâåçäà. 13. Îí ñòðàííûé òèï. 14. Çàáóäü åãî! Ñâåò
êëèíîì íà í¸ì íå ñîø¸ëñÿ. 15. — Êàêàÿ ñòðàííàÿ ðûáà! Ó íå¸
îäèí ãëàç. Âåðîÿòíî, ýòî ðåçóëüòàò ïëîõîé ýêîëîãèè. — Äà,
ðûáà â ýòîì îçåðå óìèðàåò. 16. Ýòà äåâî÷êà ïëàâàåò êàê ðûáà.
17. — Ñêîëüêî ó òåáÿ ðûáîê â àêâàðèóìå? (a fish-tank) —
Áûëî äåâÿòü, íî êîøêà ñúåëà äâóõ, òàê ÷òî îñòàëîñü ñåìü.
18. Àêóëà — ýòî ðûáà, îïàñíàÿ äëÿ äðóãèõ ðûá.
63.4. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
Marlin was ...................... clownfish, but his life was not funny. He
had ...................... little son, Nemo, and he worried about him all the
time. Marlin had lost ...................... rest of his family to ......................
big bad barracuda when Nemo was just ...................... egg. Now
Nemo was ...................... fish full of ...................... fun who was looking
forward to starting ...................... school and making friends. On
...................... first day of ...................... school, all ...................... kids went to
...................... edge of ...................... reef and there they swam out into
...................... open sea.
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Ïîâòîðåíèå
Revision
64.1. Употребите необходимые артикли и перескажите текст.
THE TELEPHONE
Alexander Bell never planned to be ...................... inventor. He
wanted to be ...................... musician or ...................... teacher of ......................
deaf people. Alexander’s mother was ...................... painter and
...................... musician. His father was ...................... well-known teacher,
who developed ...................... system called “Visible Speech”, which
he used to teach ...................... deaf people to speak.
In 1863, when Alexander was only sixteen, he became ......................
teacher in ...................... boys’ school in ...................... Scotland. He liked
teaching there; but he still wanted to become ...................... teacher
of ...................... deaf people.
In 1868 ...................... terrible thing happened to ...................... Bell
family. Alexander’s two brothers died of ...................... tuberculosis.
Then Alexander became ill with ...................... same disease. ......................
doctor suggested ...................... better climate, and ...................... whole
family moved to ...................... Canada. Alexander could not work for
...................... year, but he continued his experiments with ......................
sound. He became interested in ...................... telegraph, and he tried
to find ...................... way to send ...................... musical sounds through
...................... electric wires.
After ...................... year of rest, Alexander was offered ...................... job
at ...................... School for the Deaf in Boston. He was so successful
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that he was able to open ...................... school of his own when he
was only twenty-five.
Alexander became interested in finding ...................... way to send
...................... human voice through ...................... electric wire. He found
...................... assistant, Tom Watson, who worked in ......................
electrical shop and knew a lot about building ...................... electric
machines. They worked together to build ...................... machine
that ...................... people could use to talk to one another over long
distances.
One day, when Tom was alone in ...................... room, he heard
...................... voice. ...................... voice was coming through ......................
wire to ...................... receiver on ...................... table! ...................... voice
was Alexander Bell’s! It was saying, “Come here, ...................... Mr.
Watson! I want you!”
...................... first permanent telephone line was built in ......................
Germany in 1877. And in 1878 ...................... first telephone exchange
was established in ...................... New Jersey. By 1915 ...................... coastto-coast telephone line was opened in ...................... United States.
64.2. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. The sun was just ...................... as we reached home.
a. sitting
b. setting
ñ. seating
2. Tom and Ben are great friends and always support ......................
a. other
b. the other
ñ. each other
3. I ...................... this horseshoe above my door for good luck last
year.
a. hang
b. hung
ñ. hanged
4. Tomorrow I’ll ask my boss for a ...................... .
a. rise
b. raise
ñ. bill
5. What shall we ......................with all these papers?
a. make
b. do.
c. discuss
6. Yeast is used to make bread ......................
a. raise
b. rise
ñ. rose
7. Where did you ...................... all my parcels?
a. lie
b. lay
ñ. laid
8. Will you ...................... the book from the floor?
a. pick
b. lift
ñ. pick up
308
Повторение
9. What did they ...................... him for?
a. hang
b. hung
ñ. hanged
10. The sun ...................... over the horizon.
a. raised
b. rise
ñ. rose
11. Baking powder (sodium) can make dough [dǨș] ......................
a. raise
b. rise
ñ. go down
12. The moon ...................... low in the sky.
a. hung
b. hang
ñ. hanged
13. He ...................... a very good solution to the problem.
a. found
b. founded
ñ. is finding
14. Who ...................... that company?
a. found
b. founded
ñ. finds
15. We ...................... new curtains in the kitchen yesterday.
a. hanged
b. hang
ñ. hung
64.3. Прочитайте следующие шутки и перескажите их в косвенной речи.
DECISIONS
A young man came for an interview with a bank president.
“Tell me, sir, how did you become so successful?”
“Two words.”
“And what are they, sir?”
“Right decisions.”
“How do you make right decisions?”
“One word ... experience.”
“And how do you get experience?”
“Two words.”
“And what are they?”
“Wrong decisions.”
WILL
The town’s richest man was being interviewed by a reporter
for the local paper.
“I owe all my success to a strong will,” said the rich man.
“Your strong will?” asked the reporter.
“Not mine, my father’s. He died and left me everything in his
will.”
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UNIT 64
TAX COLLECTORS
A man walked into the tax collector’s office, sat down and
smiled at everyone.
“May I help you?” said the clerk.
“No”, said the man. “I just wanted to meet the people I have
been working for during all these years.”
64.4. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
1. It was ...................... dinnertime and we decided to make ......................
break. 2. It wasn’t ...................... perfect end to ...................... day, Harry
thought, as he lay awake on ...................... hard bed. 3. This was
...................... big chance to beat Malfoy ...................... face to ...................... face.
He couldn’t miss ...................... chance. 4. She followed him through
...................... hall, hissing at ...................... boy like ...................... angry goose.
5. Al, ...................... native New Yorker, has been living in ......................
British capital for eight years. 6. Well, ...................... Joneses are to
make ...................... final decision. 7. Sandy picked up ...................... phone
and made ...................... call, and ...................... moment later they were
sitting in ...................... back of ...................... new car. 8. If you don’t
tell me ...................... real reason of your refusal, I’ll have ......................
heart attack. 9. In ...................... Manhattan Joe is definitely ......................
king of his world. He is ...................... Wall Street banker, and like so
many other men who work on ...................... Wall Street, Joe finds it
impossible to relax. 10. It was ...................... old song about ......................
boat from ...................... Liverpool that went on ...................... long voyage
across ...................... Atlantic. ...................... song was almost as long as
...................... voyage, but Disco sang it to ...................... end. 11. ......................
Red Sea is ...................... saltiest sea in ...................... world, and its water
is used for ...................... medical purposes.
64.5. Дополните предложения фразами из правой колонки.
1.
2.
3.
310
My little sister started
school
The last bus left
We haven’t been
to the theatre
a. have you been waiting for
a long time?
b. since last Monday.
c. all day long.
Повторение
4.
How long is it
5.
Patrick has been
in Ireland
6. I’ve been photocopying
the tests
7. This is the first time
8. I’m sorry I’m late,
9. The President has been
abroad
10. The baby has been
asleep
11. She caught a cold
12. Ivanov painted his most
13. Fred has been
interested in medicine
14. Is this the first time
15. We posted the parcel
d. when she went out in the
rain.
e. for two years.
f. ever since he was a child.
g. you’ve cooked pasta?
h. two weeks ago.
i. since early morning.
j. when she was six.
k. several minutes ago.
l. famous picture for over
a year.
m. since you last fell in love?
n. for a week already.
o. we have been in Paris.
64.6. Употребите артикль, если необходимо.
I. Alice wakes up early in ...................... morning from ......................
ache in her neck. ...................... bed was awful, but she had slept
fantastically for three hours, then spent ...................... rest of
...................... night tossing and turning. At six o’clock she comes
downstairs to take ...................... dogs out for ...................... run. It’s
...................... beautiful morning. ...................... air is cold, as it is in
...................... early spring, ...................... sky is bright and clear. Alice
opens ...................... gate and leads ...................... dogs into ...................... field.
...................... view is wonderful, she loves being in ...................... country
so much. Twenty minutes later in ...................... excellent mood she
calls ...................... dogs and goes back into ...................... house, as she’s
afraid she may catch ...................... cold.
II. “Morning!” Harry is sitting at ...................... kitchen table with
...................... mug of ...................... steaming coffee. “Join me! ......................
breakfast is on ...................... table.” “God, this is ...................... delicious
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breakfast! I don’t even remember the last time I had ......................
fried eggs and ...................... bacon for ...................... breakfast.” “What
do you normally have for ...................... breakfast?” “......................
fruit.” “And?” Alice shrugs. “Just ...................... fruit.” “That’s not
...................... breakfast!” Harry is horrified. “You need something
much heartier to start ...................... day.” “What do you have
for breakfast then? Surely not this every day or you’ll have
...................... heart attack.” “No, such ...................... breakfasts are only
for ...................... weekend. My usual breakfast is ...................... bowl of
...................... porridge, ...................... toast, and ...................... fruit. Oh, and
sometimes ...................... pancakes.” Alice takes ...................... big bite.
“I m going to be ...................... size of ...................... house after such
huge breakfast. I’m completely stuffed. I’ll have to do ......................
cabbage diet ...................... next week.” “ That. Sounds. Disgusting,”
Harry says in horror.
64.7. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Êîãäà îí âûðîñ, òî ïîíÿë, êàê ìíîãî îøèáîê ñîâåðøèë â
æèçíè. 2. Îíà áûëà íà ñåäüìîì íåáå îò ñ÷àñòüÿ. Îíà ñäàëà
ïîñëåäíèé, ïÿòûé ýêçàìåí. 3. Îí ïðîñìîòðåë ãàçåòó è òåïåðü
ëåæàë íà ñîôå è ñìîòðåë ïîñëåäíèå íîâîñòè, êîòîðûå áûëè
î÷åíü èíòåðåñíûìè. 4. Êîøêà Ñîíÿ áîëüøàÿ ñîíÿ. Îíà ñïèò
â îñíîâíîì äí¸ì, à ïî íî÷àì ëîâèò ìûøåé. 5. Îíà âûêëþ÷èëà êîìïüþòåð è óêëàäûâàëà ïàïêè â ÿùèê. Îíà ñäåëàëà
âñ¸, ÷òî ïëàíèðîâàëà íà äåíü. 6. Îí ïîèíòåðåñîâàëñÿ, î ÷¸ì
îíè ãîâîðèëè, ïîêà åãî íå áûëî â êîìíàòå. 7. Íà äíÿõ ÿ âèäåë íîâûé ôèëüì. Íèêîãäà ïðåæäå íå âèäåë íè÷åãî ëó÷øå.
8. Áûë ïîëäåíü, êîãäà ìû ïðèëåòåëè íà Ñðåäèçåìíîå ìîðå.
Íàêîíåö-òî íàøà ìå÷òà îñóùåñòâèëàñü! 9. Ðåïîðò¸ð ñêàçàë, ÷òî ïðåçèäåíò ïðîèçí¸ñ âåëèêîëåïíóþ ðå÷ü. 10. Ïàâëîâ, âåëèêèé ðóññêèé ó÷¸íûé, ïðîâîäèë îïûòû íà ñîáàêå.
11. Ó ñëîíà î÷åíü õîðîøàÿ ïàìÿòü. Îí ìîæåò ïîìíèòü íåêîòîðûå âåùè òðèäöàòü ëåò. 12. Ó íå¸ ïàìÿòü, êàê ó ñëîíà. 13. Ðàíüøå êíèãà áûëà îñíîâíûì èñòî÷íèêîì çíàíèé. Òåïåðü ìû èìååì Èíòåðíåò è ñðåäñòâà ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèè.
14. Ïðåçèäåíò Àìåðèêè ïîñåòèë ìíîãèå åâðîïåéñêèå ñòðàíû
â ïðîøëîì ãîäó.
312
Повторение
64.8. Употребите артикль, если это необходимо.
LIFE BEGINS AGAIN
I was born in ...................... States, in ...................... Chicago. My great
uncle came here at ...................... end of ...................... 18th century and
started ...................... business that my father runs today. I was at
...................... Yale University and then I fought in ...................... Great
War. After ...................... war I decided to go to ...................... East, to
...................... financial capital of ...................... America, and learn
...................... bond business.
I arrived in ...................... New York in ...................... spring of 1922. It
would have been sensible to find ...................... room in ...................... city,
but it was ...................... warm season and I had ...................... wish to be
in ...................... place of ...................... wide lawns and friendly trees. So I
went out to ...................... country, and for ...................... hundred dollars
...................... month I rented ...................... little house with ...................... dog,
...................... old motor-car and ...................... Finnish woman who did all
...................... housework. I was lonely for ...................... day or two. Then,
one morning, ...................... man stopped me on ...................... road.
“How do I get to ...................... village?” he asked with ......................
excuse-me face. I told him, and as I walked on, I was no
longer lonely. I was ...................... guide. I belonged to ......................
neighbourhood.
And so, with ...................... sunshine and ...................... leaves bursting
on ...................... trees, I had that familiar feeling that ...................... life
was beginning again with ...................... summer. I bought ......................
dozen volumes on ...................... banking and I intended to read
...................... lot of other books besides. At ...................... college I had
written ...................... articles for ...................... Yale News, and now I
could become ...................... man of ...................... culture again. ......................
house I had rented was twenty miles east of ...................... New
York, on ...................... Long Island. My little house was at ____
tip of ...................... island, almost on ...................... water. ......................
house on my right was ...................... copy of some grand house in
...................... France, with ...................... white marble swimming pool
and ...................... big garden. It was ...................... mansion inhabited by
...................... gentleman named Gatsby.
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5
Âîçâðàòíûå ìåñòîèìåíèÿ
Личные местоимения
Возвратные местоимения
(-ся(сь), сам, сама, сами, себя)
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
Thank you, I can do it myself.
You shouldn’t blame yourself.
He thinks too much of himself.
She sometimes talks to herself.
History repeats itself.
He is honesty itself.
We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
You ought to introduce yourselves.
They paid for themselves at the restaurant.
314
Возвратные местоимения
1. He употребляйте myself ... после глаголов wash, shave, dress, feel, meet, relax, concentrate:
He got up, washed, shaved and dressed.
Но: I dried myself on the towel.
I feel miserable in such weather.
They met and soon parted.
2. Сравните each other (one another) и themselves.
They love each other (друг друга). —
They love only themselves (каждый себя).
The boxers went on hitting one another (друг друга). —
The boys went on training themselves (сами себя).
3. by myself/by yourself ...= самостоятельно, без посторонней помощи.
I did it by myself. Nobody helped me.
He went on an expedition all by himself.
4. Употребительные выражения:
Be yourself (будь самим собой), be beside oneself with... (быть вне себя от...),
help yourself to... (угощайтесь...), make yourself comfortable (устраивайтесь
поудобнее), control yourself, pull yourself together (подтянись, соберись),
take care of yourself (береги себя), to find oneself in... (оказаться в...).
65.1. Употребите необходимые возвратные местоимения.
1. I had a good proper look at ...................... in the mirror today.
I didn’t like what I saw. 2. You can easily injure ......................
while skiing. 3. Be careful! You may burn ...................... with
matches. 4. They have only ...................... to blame. 5. I am sorry
that I didn’t make ...................... quite clear. 6. The hunter accidentally shot ...................... in the foot. 7. Very often people like to
unburden ...................... to complete strangers. 8. Bach dedicated
...................... to music. 9. You cannot expect a baby to take care
of ...................... . 10. My dear son, always be ......................, always be
true to ...................... . 11. He considered ...................... to be in command of the situation. 12. The cat warmed ...................... in the
sunshine. 13. We prefer living by ...................... . 14. The Mayor
...................... opened the new hospital. 15. She excused ......................
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UNIT 65
and went out. 16. He is loyalty ...................... . 17. And now, kids,
put ...................... to bed. 18. She caught ...................... thinking about
the incident again. 19. I ...................... never read such books. On
principle.
65.2.
Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст, обращая внимание на
возвратные глаголы.
Nick was admiring his reflection in the mirror. “I feel good,”
he sang to himself. “I feel fine, like a glass of good wine.” He
adjusted his tie and winked cheerily at himself. He could have
nearly bought himself a new camera for what his new suit had
cost. When he had finished admiring himself, Neil tried Ed’s
mobile phone again, but it was turned off. He helped himself to
a second glass of beer and then settled himself on the nearest
stool and caught a glimpse of himself in the opposite mirror.
God, he was looking good!
65.3.
Заполните пропуски словами each other (one another), myself, yourself
..., us, you, them, it.
1. They have known ...................... for years and years. 2. They don’t
care for other people. They think only of ...................... . 3. Who are
those people? Do you know ...................... ? 4. Please help ......................
to the fruit and ice-cream, my dears. 5. Help ......................, will
you? I got ...................... into a difficult situation. 6. She ate ......................
sweet after ...................... till the box was empty. 7. They hate being
apart. They call ...................... every day. 8. Many old people speak to
...................... when they are alone. 9. We’ll have to talk to ......................
about it. 10. The business failed because the partners did not
trust ...................... . 11. I’m not angry with ......................, I’m angry with
...................... . 12. I’ll try to make ...................... clear, gentlemen. 13. Take
some money with ...................... in case you need it. 14. You ......................
told me this and now you say that you don’t know anything!
15. I feel ...................... much better today. 16. You shouldn’t keep
silent. Defend ...................... ! 17. Don’t worry about Helen and me.
We can look after ...................... . 18. The children are grown up
now and they can look after ...................... . I used to look after
...................... when they were kids. 19. They found ...................... in an
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Возвратные местоимения
unknown place. 20. We found ...................... only late in the evening.
21. Enjoy ...................... , life is so short! 22. Life is very short, so
enjoy ...................... !
65.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Åñëè âû õîòèòå âñå èçìåíèòü, òî íà÷íèòå ñ ñåáÿ. 2. Ïîéìè, òû æå ëæ¸øü ñàìîìó ñåáå! 3. ×àé î÷åíü ãîðÿ÷èé, íå îáîæãèñü! 4. Îñòîðîæíåå, íå óøèáèñü! 5. Ïîçàáîòüòåñü î ñåáå!
È ïîñòàðàéòåñü ïî÷àùå ðàññëàáëÿòüñÿ. 6. Îíà ïîñâÿòèëà ñåáÿ
ñâîèì äåòÿì è íèêîãäà íå äóìàëà î ñåáå. 7. Îí ÷óâñòâîâàë,
÷òî îí íå ïðàâ, íî íå ìîã çàñòàâèòü ñåáÿ ïðèçíàòüñÿ â ýòîì.
8. Ðàññêàæèòå íàì î ñåáå. Êòî âû? Îòêóäà? ×åì çàíèìàåòåñü?
9. Íèêòî íå ñäåëàåò ýòî çà òåáÿ, òåáå ïðèä¸òñÿ ñäåëàòü ýòî
ñàìîìó. 10. Îíà ñàìà âåæëèâîñòü. 11. — Òû íàçâàë áû ñåáÿ
êðóòûì ïàðíåì? — Êîíå÷íî, íåò. 12. Ñîáåðèñü, òû æå ìóæ÷èíà. 13. Îíà ñ÷èòàåò ñåáÿ öåíòðîì Çåìëè (Âñåëåííîé). 14. Ñàì
ðåøàé ñâîè ïðîáëåìû, à ÿ ïîñòàðàþñü ñêîíöåíòðèðîâàòüñÿ íà
ìîèõ. 15. Äà ÿ ñàì ÷óâñòâóþ, ÷òî áûë íå ïðàâ. 16. Îíà âíå ñåáÿ
îò ñ÷àñòüÿ. 17. Âàø äîêëàä ãîâîðèò ñàì çà ñåáÿ. Îí âåëèêîëåïåí. 18. ß êîøêà, êîòîðàÿ ãóëÿåò ñàìà ïî ñåáå. 19. Î÷åíü
÷àñòî äåòè áûëè ïðåäîñòàâëåíû ñàìè ñåáå. 20. Ìîè äðóçüÿ è ÿ
æèâ¸ì íåäàëåêî äðóã îò äðóãà. 21. Ñåãîäíÿ ìû èä¸ì â òåàòð è
íàäååìñÿ õîðîøî ïðîâåñòè âðåìÿ. 22. Îí ïîéìàë ñåáÿ íà òîì,
÷òî îïÿòü äóìàë îá ýòîé äåâóøêå. È åìó ïðèøëîñü íàïîìíèòü
ñåáå, ÷òî îí äàæå íå âçÿë å¸ íîìåð òåëåôîíà. 23.  ëþáîé ñèòóàöèè îñòàâàéñÿ ñàìèì ñîáîé.
65.5. Составьте предложения со следующими фразами.
1. enjoy yourself 2. blame myself 3. cut himself 4. help yourselves
5. defend yourself 6. collect yourself 7. each other 8. one another
9. hide yourself 10. come to oneself 11. find oneself 12. the
boss himself 13. pull yourself together 14. let herself into…
15. honesty itself 16. make yourself comfortable
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6
Ñîñëàãàòåëüíîå íàêëîíåíèå
The Subjunctive Mood
The Conditional Mood
Нереальное условие
в настоящем времени
Present Subjunctive
(Придаточное предложение)
Нереальное следствие
в настоящем времени
Present Conditional
(Главное предложение)
Совпадает по форме с Past Simple
(2-я форма глагола)
would + do it
(инфинитив глагола без to)
If I were in your place,
If she knew the answer,
If he had a car,
If we went to London,
If they saw that film,
Нереальное условие
в прошедшем времени
Past Subjunctive
(Придаточное предложение)
Совпадает по форме
с Past Perfect
318
I would do the same.
she would give it.
he would drive us to the airport.
we could speak English.
they might like it.
Нереальное следствие
в прошедшем времени
Past Conditional
(Главное предложение)
would
could
might
+
have done it
(перфектный
инфинитив
глагола)
Сослагательное наклонение
Продолжение табл.
If I had been in your place,
If you had known the answer,
If he had had a car,
If we had gone to London,
If they had seen that film,
I would have done the same.
you would have given it.
he would have driven us to the
airport.
we could have spoken English.
they would have liked it.
Нереальное условие может также выражаться фразой “But for...” (Если бы
не...)
But for you, we wouldn’t know what to do.
But for his help, they would have never done the work.
66.1. Выразите нереальное пожелание согласно образцу.
It is cold today. — If it weren·t cold (were warmer) today!
I didn·t know about it. — If I had known about it!
1. Nobody knows his phone number. 2. This dress is too
expensive. 3. English spelling is so difficult! 4. He is such a lazy
boy! 5. She isn’t happy. 6. My mobile is out of order again. 7. The
secretary is out. 8. This car isn’t mine. 9. My brother smokes too
much. 10. The agent didn’t get the secret information. 11. They
have no chance to get this job. 12. I don’t speak English fluently.
13. My sister goes to too many parties. 14. We went there too
late. 15. The children were scared. 16. He didn’t have any free
time last week. 17. Unfortunately she didn’t get our message.
18. They didn’t invite us to their party. 19. The manager is
always very busy. 20. You didn’t think about it then.
66.2. Дополните следующие предложения согласно образцу.
But for bad weather, we would go (would have gone) to the country.
1. But for his good knowledge, ... . 2. But for her talent and
beauty, ... . 3. But for this misunderstanding, ... . 4. But for his
parents, ... . 5. But for the late hour, ... . 6. But for the alarm
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UNIT 66
system, ... . 7. But for the doctor, ... . 8. But for his wife, ... . 9. But
for the lawyer, ... . 10. But for the ecological situation in Moscow,
... . 11. But for my stressful job, ... . 12. But for the climate, ... .
13. But for the private detective, ... . 14. But for our teacher’s
competence, ... . 15. But for you, ... .
66.3. Дополните предложения правильной формой глагола в скобках.
1. I’m very busy this week or we (meet). 2. If I lived in England,
I (not have) any problems with my English. 3. Why didn’t you
speak to your parents? They (advise) you what to do. 4. If the
babysitter had come on time, we (meet). 5. Why didn’t you buy
the coat? In your place I (buy) it. 6. They didn’t know about the
conference, or they (come). 7. If there were no Internet, we (not
get) so much information. 8. The serial was too aggressive or I
(watch) it to the end. 9. If the pizza weren’t so spicy, I (enjoy) it.
10. If you were always more attentive, you (not make) so many
mistakes. 11. Why do you never tell me about your problems? I
(try) to understand and help you. 12. If your mobile hadn’t been
out of service, you (get) our message. 13. If he weren’t spending
so much money, he (be) quite a rich man. 14. My holidays
weren’t long enough or I (read) a long list of books. 15. If you
had some interesting hobbies, you (not watch) television all days
long. 16. If I were in your place (in your shoes), I not (act) so.
66.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — He õîòåëà áû òû ïîåõàòü çà ãîðîä â ñóááîòó? — Õîòåëà
áû, íî ÿ ðàáîòàþ â ýòó ñóááîòó. 2. — À ÷òî áû âû ñäåëàëè íà
ìî¸ì ìåñòå ñåé÷àñ? — ß áû ñîãëàñèëñÿ âûïîëíèòü ýòó ðàáîòó.
3. Åñëè áû íå íåâåçåíèå (bad luck), òî îí ñäàë áû ýòîò ýêçàìåí. 4. Åñëè áû íå óäà÷à (good luck), òî îíè íå âûèãðàëè áû
ýòîò ìàò÷. 5. — Ó ìåíÿ óæàñíî áîëèò çóá. — Åñëè áû ó ìåíÿ
áîëåë çóá, ÿ áû íåìåäëåííî ïîøëà ê âðà÷ó. 6. Åñëè áû íå Èíòåðíåò, òî ìû íå çíàëè áû ìíîãèõ âåùåé. 7. Íà òâî¸ì ìåñòå ÿ
áû íå óïîòðåáëÿëà òàê ìíîãî êîñìåòèêè. 8. Ìîè äðóçüÿ åäóò
îòäûõàòü â Òóðöèþ. À ÿ áû ïîåõàëà â Ñî÷è. 9. Åñëè áû òû
çíàëà àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê, òî ìîãëà áû ÷èòàòü õîðîøèå êíèãè â
320
Сослагательное наклонение
îðèãèíàëå. 10. Êàêîé ñëàäêèé äæåì! Íà òâî¸ì ìåñòå ÿ íå ïîëîæèëà áû òàê ìíîãî ñàõàðà. 11. — À ÷òî áû òû ñêàçàëà, åñëè
áû ÿ ïðèãëàñèë òåáÿ â òåàòð? — ß áû ñêàçàëà «äà». 12. Ìîÿ
äî÷ü íå õî÷åò ÷èòàòü ðîìàíû Äèêêåíñà. À ÿ áû èõ ïåðå÷èòàëà. 13. Åñëè áû ÿ ïîïàëà â Åãèïåò, òî íåïðåìåííî óâèäåëà áû
Íèë, Êàèð, ïèðàìèäû. 14. Åñëè áû ÿ áûë âàøèì ó÷èòåëåì, òî
çàñòàâèë áû âàñ ïîëþáèòü àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê. 15. Åñëè áû ïîãîäà íå áûëà òàêîé äîæäëèâîé â âîñêðåñåíüå, òî ìû ïðåêðàñíî
ïðîâåëè áû âðåìÿ íà äà÷å. 16. ß áûëà áû î÷åíü áëàãîäàðíà
âàì, åñëè áû âû îñòàâèëè ìåíÿ â ïîêîå. 17. Ìíå íå íðàâÿòñÿ
ïîðòüåðû â ñòîëîâîé. ß áû èõ ñìåíèëà. 18. Îíà âñ¸ åù¸ ëþáèò
åãî, à òî áû îíè äàâíî ðàññòàëèñü. 19. ß íå êóïèëà áû ýòî ïëàòüå, åñëè áû ýòî íå áûëî ïîñëåäíåé ìîäîé. 20. Åñëè áû íàø
êëèìàò áûë áîëåå ñòàáèëüíûì, ìíîãèå ëþäè íå ñòðàäàëè áû
îò ðåçêèõ ïåðåìåí ïîãîäû. 21. Áûëî áû çàìå÷àòåëüíî, åñëè áû
íà òåëåâèäåíèè áûëî áîëüøå õîðîøèõ ïåðåäà÷ äëÿ äåòåé.
66.5. Измените следующие предложения с модальными глаголами в нереальные согласно образцу:
— You can·t see the manager now, he is out.
— If the manager were not out, you could see him.
— They couldn·t do the work. They were ill.
— If they hadn·t been ill, they could have done the work.
1. We can’t help you, we’re leaving the city. 2. Nobody in
the office knows Italian. We can’t read the letter. 3. My
grandparents can’t live in the country all the year round. There
are no conveniences in the cottage. 4. They couldn’t join us,
they were busy. 5. The boy can’t tell us the truth. He is too
frightened. 6. I can’t sit and watch the telly with you! I have to
cook supper. 7. The detective can’t find the robbers. They didn’t
leave any traces. 8. She couldn’t get the job. She isn’t intelligent
enough. 9. Helen can’t afford this watch. She isn’t well-paid.
10. There aren’t enough hours in the day. We are not able to
do so many things. 11. We couldn’t get in touch with each other
and had a lot of trouble. 12. There were no computers in those
times so my father couldn’t learn to use them. 13. Why didn’t
you turn to us? Now you have problems.
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UNIT 66
66.51. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. If the traffic not (be) so heavy in the mornings, it (be) much
easier to get to the office on time. 2. If the traffic not (be) so
heavy that morning, I not (be) late for the interview. 3. If you
(go) to school yesterday, you (may) (give) your cold to the other
children. 4. If he not (like) his job, he not (work) so hard. 5. What
you (do) if somebody (come up) to you in the street and (try) to
rob you? 6. If they not (be) in love, they not (hold) hands all the
time. 7. If no one (break) the rules, language not (develop). 8. If
I (can) (read) people’s thoughts, it sometimes (be) interesting to
know what’s on their minds. 9. If you (give) us a hint then, we
(guess) your secret. 10. If Ted (not be) so tired, he (may) (understand) everything. 11. If I (be) ill, I (not eat) anything. I (starve)
for a day or two. 12. If people (trust) and (respect) one another,
it (make) life much easier. 13. If Mila (try) harder at college, she
(be) more successful now. 14. If he (know) it was going to rain,
he (take) his umbrella today. 15. If I (feel) well, I (be) in class
yesterday.
66.7. Прочитайте следующие шутки и перескажите их в косвенной речи.
1. Òîì: What would you do if you were in my shoes?
Tim: I would polish them.
2. Teacher: What’s wrong in the sentence “Ann didn’t go to the
library yesterday as she had had a birthday”?
Student: If the sentence which had “had had” had had “had”, it
would have been correct.
3. A nervous passenger approached the captain timidly. “What
would happen,” she asked, “if we struck a large iceberg?” “The
iceberg would pass on as if nothing had happened,” replied the
captain. The old lady was very much relieved to hear it.
4. Wife: Darling, where would you go for a holiday if you could
afford it?
Husband: I would go somewhere I’ve never been to.
Wife: Well, how about the kitchen?
5. Roger: Why do you think your marriage has lasted so well?
322
Сослагательное наклонение
Jeff: My wife and I always have dinner out on Saturdays.
Roger: How very romantic! I wish Laura and I had done so too,
maybe we wouldn’t have parted. Where do you usually go?
Jeff: Well, I go to a Chinese restaurant. I haven’t the slightest
idea where she goes.
Roger: Well, well, sometimes two is a crowd1, too.
66.8. Измените следующие предложения в нереальные согласно образцу.
The book is boring. I can·t read it to the end. — If the book weren·t
boring, I could read it to the end.
She went to the market too late. She couldn·t buy any fresh
strawberries. — If she hadn·t gone to the market too late, she could
have bought some fresh strawberries.
1. You always forget to water your houseplants. That’s why they
have died. 2. This boutique is too expensive. It doesn’t attract
many customers. 3. My T-shirt shrank. I think I didn’t dry it
properly. 4. Students usually go to bed very late. Naturally,
they feel tired in the morning. 5. This actress has made a few
face-lifts. Now she is looking ten years younger. 6. You didn’t
clean the room properly. It’s still dirty. 7. I couldn’t stop the car.
There was an accident. 8. Jessica ate too much birthday cake.
She was sick. 9. He isn’t a strong child. He doesn’t go in for
sport. 10. This man smokes like a chimney. And he is constantly
coughing. 11. The tourists didn’t take the map of the city and
soon got lost in it. 12. We must protect wildlife now or there
will be nothing left for future generations. 13. I didn’t have any
free time last week. That’s why we couldn’t meet. 14. We didn’t
know that you were in hospital, that’s why we didn’t visit you.
15. My friends lent me the money and I was able to buy a
car. 16. You haven’t read this book, that’s why you don’t know
what it is about. 17. He didn’t warn us about the danger and
we got into a difficult situation. 18. You’re too lazy, you haven’t
done much in this life. 19. The summer was rainy. We had to
stay indoors most of the time. 20. There are always traffic jams
in big cities, as there are too many cars.
1
Two is company and three is a crowd. — Òðåòèé ëèøíèé.
Uni
Unit
U
n
nit
it 6
67
7
I wish...
Âûðàæåíèå íåðåàëüíûõ ïîæåëàíèé
Одновременные действия
1.
I wish I were free now.
(Жаль, что я не свободен сейчас.)
Предшествующие действия
She wishes she could do it.
I wish I had been free last week.
(Жаль, что я не был свободен на
прошлой неделе.)
She wishes she could have done it.
I wished I knew it.
(Мне было жаль, что я не знал
этого.)
I wished I had known it before.
(Мне было жаль, что не я знал
этого раньше.)
2.
insist, suggest
propose, order
demand, advise
We
3.
It
is
was
4.
It is/was time
necessary, desirable
advisable,
recommended
surprising, important
should stay here. (Br.)
that you
stay here. (Am.)
that you
should be present.
(Br.)
be present. (Am.)
for us to go.
we went.
we should go.
5.
He looks (looked) as if he were (had fallen) ill.
6.
had better (I’d better) — Мне (вам) лучше...
would rather (I’d rather) — Я бы предпочёл...
We’d rather you did it now. — Мы бы предпочли, чтобы вы сделали это
сейчас.
324
I wish...
67.1. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. We wish you
2. Rita wishes she
3. She wished she
4. I wish (wished) I
5. He will wish she
(be) with us now.
(be) with us last night.
(be) with us next summer.
(have) more time for her children.
(have) more time when her children
were kids.
(have) more time in future
for her kids.
(be) with us at the moment.
(be) with us the night before.
(be) with us the next holiday.
(can) do it myself.
(can) do it long ago.
(be able to) do it one day.
always (tell) him the truth.
(tell) him the truth then.
(tell) him the truth soon.
67.2. Ответьте на вопросы согласно образцу.
— Do you enjoy living in a big city? (in the country). — Not really.
I wish I lived in the country. If I lived in the country, I would be more
healthy.
— Can he x his car by himself? — No, he can·t, but he wishes he
could. If he could x his car by himself, he would never take it to the
service station.
1. Does your friend enjoy teaching Physics? (an actor). 2. Does
your cousin enjoy being single? (be married). 3. Do your pupils
enjoy learning English? (play games). 4. Does Julia enjoy having
two jobs? (one good full-time job). 5. Do you enjoy driving a
taxi? (a private car). 6. Does Mr. Hugh enjoy being the vicepresident? (the president). 7. Do these fellows enjoy selling used
cars? (new cars). 8. Can Marina type fast? (a better job). 9. Does
Frederick know his neighbours? (better). 10. Can your boyfriend
give up smoking? (be healthier). 11. Does your Granny have a
good memory? (forget people’s names). 12. Is Alex an optimist?
325
UNIT 67
(happy) 13. Did Ivan do his homework last night? (have to do
his homework early this morning). 14. Can he find his glasses?
(watch TV tonight).
67.3. Выразите сожаление, используя глагол wish.
It·s very cold today. — I wish it weren·t so cold today!
It rained hard yesterday. — I wish it hadn·t rained yesterday!
She can·t (couldn·t) do it. — She wishes she could do (could have
done) it.
1. My children watch television too much. 2. The child didn’t
tell the truth. 3. My boss is in a bad mood today. 4. I don’t know
French and Spanish. 5. This young girl always wears black.
6. My brother bought a used car. 7. My students aren’t always
in time for class. 8. I don’t have a computer. 9. What a pity that
I didn’t go to the party! 10. My father couldn’t fix my bike.
11. We still don’t know who they are. 12. My cousin can’t find a
good job. 13. The new manager is so bossy! 14. We didn’t have
a chance to get to the concert. 15. It’s a pity we’ve ever met.
16. The weather was miserable last month. 17. Unfortunately,
we can’t change the situation. 18. You didn’t warn me about it
and now it’s too late. 19. I’m so unhappy. She doesn’t love me.
20. You are chewing all the time! 21. I’m sorry, but I have to go.
67.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
1. How I wish I (can play) the guitar! 2. The policemen wish
they not (have) so much work. 3. We wish you (can wait) for
us. 4. I wish my neighbours (be) friendly people. 5. He wishes
he (study) better when he went to school. 6. Now she wishes
she (follow) her parents’ advice. 7. I wish it not (be) Monday
again! 8. My relatives wished they (buy) a country house many
years ago. 9. My friends wish their daughter (not marry) that
fellow. 10. We wish we (not go) to that restaurant on Sunday.
11. We wish the teacher (check) our tests. 12. People wish our
climate (be) not so changeable. 13. I wish you (see) my message
on the display. 14. Now she wishes she (agree) to marry him.
15. We wish it (rain). It’s too hot. 16. Many people wish life not
(be) so hectic. 17. How I wish I (can) do whatever I like. 18. We
326
I wish...
wish you (listen) to us and (give up) that silly idea. 19. — What
is love? — I wish I (know) the answer. 20. They wish you (let)
them help you. 21. I’d rather you not (argue) with me. 22. We’d
better (leave) now. 23. I wish the morning star (can) fall forever
and sparkle through the clouds and stormy weather!
67.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Æàëü, ÷òî ýòî òàê. 2. Äîñàäíî, ÷òî ýòî íå òàê. 3. Çðÿ òû íå
ó÷èøü àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê. 4. Íàïðàñíî òû íå âûó÷èë àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê ðàíüøå. 5. Æàëü, ÷òî òû ìàëî ÷èòàåøü. 6. Çðÿ òû
÷èòàåøü òàê ìíîãî ãëÿíöåâûõ (glossy) æóðíàëîâ. 7. Íàïðàñíî
òû òðàòèøü òàê ìíîãî äåíåã íà êîñìåòèêó. 8. Æàëü, ÷òî òû íå
òðàòèøü äåíüãè íà êíèãè è òåàòðû. 9. Æàëü, ÷òî æèçíü òàêàÿ
êîðîòêàÿ è æåñòîêàÿ! 10. Õîòåëîñü áû, ÷òîáû æèçíü áûëà áîëåå ñ÷àñòëèâîé! 11. Æàëü, ÷òî ìíîãèå èç íàñ æèâóò òàê äàëåêî îò èíñòèòóòà. 12. Æàëü, ÷òî ìîÿ ñåìüÿ íå ïåðååõàëà çà
ãîðîä. 13. Æàëü, ÷òî ìû æèâ¸ì â ðàçíûõ ãîðîäàõ. Ìû ìîãëè
áû ñòàòü äðóçüÿìè. 14. Äîñàäíî, ÷òî ó ìåíÿ â÷åðà óæàñíî áîëåëà ãîëîâà, à òî áû ÿ ïîøëà ñ âàìè â êèíî. 15. Æàëü, ÷òî ìîé
ñûí íå âëþáèëñÿ â ýòó ïðåêðàñíóþ äåâóøêó. Îíà ìîãëà áû
ñäåëàòü åãî ñ÷àñòëèâûì. 16. Äîñàäíî, ÷òî ìîé äðóã âëþáèëñÿ â ýòó äåâèöó. Îíà òî÷íî ñäåëàåò åãî æèçíü íåâûíîñèìîé.
17. Çðÿ òû åøü òàê ìíîãî ñëàäêîãî! 18. Íàïðàñíî òû íå ïîïðîáîâàëà òîðò. Îí î÷åíü âêóñíûé. 19. Æàëü, ÷òî îíà ïîñòîÿííî
ðàññêàçûâàåò åìó î ñâîèõ ïðîáëåìàõ. 20. Íàïðàñíî òû íå ñîîáùèëà íàì î ñâîèõ òðóäíîñòÿõ. Ìû ìîãëè áû òåáå ïîìî÷ü.
21. Õîòåëîñü áû, ÷òîáû âû, íàêîíåö, ïîòðóäèëèñü ïåðåñòàòü
ñïîðèòü. 22. Õîòåëîñü áû, ÷òîáû âû íå ðàçãîâàðèâàëè ñ äåòüìè òàê ãðóáî. 23. Âàì ëó÷øå èçâèíèòüñÿ. 24. ß, ïîæàëóé, ïîñîâåòóþñü ñî ñâîèì àäâîêàòîì. 25. Ìû áû ïðåäïî÷ëè, ÷òîáû òû
íå âîçâðàùàëñÿ äîìîé òàê ïîçäíî.
67.6. Дополните следующие предложения.
1. It’s necessary... . 2. It’s time... . 3. It was recommended... . 4. It
was unbelievable... . 5. Isn’t it high time... ? 6. It’s ironic... . 7. We
insist... . 8. Is it important... ? 9. They suggest... . 10. It’s about
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UNIT 67
time... . 11. It’s amazing... . 12. We advise... . 13. It’s surprising... .
14. Isn’t it shocking... ? 15. It was imperative... .
67.7.
Перефразируйте следующие предложения, используя фразу it’s
time.
1. Your room is in an absolute mess. You must clean it. 2. You
should think of your future, my dear. 3. You need to call a
doctor. 4. Will you stop asking me silly questions? 5. I’m sorry
I have to go. 6. Your car is dirty. You should wash it. 7. Aren’t
you going to change the water in the fish-tank? 8. Will you stop
switching one program to another? 9. Why don’t you help your
parents? 10. You ought to feel responsible for your children!
11. You are a grown-up man. You must earn your own living.
12. I’m hungry. Shall we sit down to table? 13. It’s ten o’clock.
The children must switch off the TV and go to bed. 14. You
must stop wasting your time and money. 15. You are a modern
woman. Don’t you want to learn to drive a car?
67.8. Дополните следующие предложения.
1. She looks nervous as if... . 2. He knows London as if... . 3. They
met again as if... . 4. The detective behaved as though... . 5. Don’t
act as if... . 6. Why are you speaking to me as if... ? 7. We began
looking through the files as if... . 8. She hesitated as if... . 9. The
weather looked as though... . 10. The kids were frightened as
if... . 11. She looked after the children as if... . 12. He is looking
at her as if... . 13. Now it seems as if... . 14. The agent felt as if... .
15. While reading this novel, I felt as if ... .
67.9. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Áóäü ÿ íà òâî¸ì ìåñòå, ÿ áû â¸ë ñåáÿ òàê, ñëîâíî íè÷åãî
íå ñëó÷èëîñü. 2. Êàê æàëü, ÷òî òû íå óìååøü ïåòü! ß áû ïèñàë ïåñíè, à òû áû èõ èñïîëíÿëà. 3. Ýòî ïëîõàÿ èäåÿ! Òåáå
ïîðà ïîíÿòü, ÷òî ÿ íå ïðèìó å¸. 4.  êîìíàòå áûë òàêîé àðîìàò, ñëîâíî â íåé áûë ìèëëèîí ðîç. 5. Ñòðàííî, ÷òî îíà îòêàçûâàåòñÿ îò ýòîé ðàáîòû. 6. Øàõò¸ðû íàñòàèâàëè, ÷òîáû
èõ òðåáîâàíèÿ áûëè âûïîëíåíû. 7. Äàâíî ïîðà åé âåðíóòüñÿ.
328
I wish...
Æàëü, ÷òî îíà íå âçÿëà ñ ñîáîé ìîáèëüíûé òåëåôîí. 8. ß óæå
âçðîñëûé ÷åëîâåê. Ïî÷åìó æå âû îáðàùàåòåñü ñî ìíîé êàê
ñ ðåá¸íêîì? 9. Îíà íàäåëà ñîëíå÷íûå î÷êè, ñëîâíî ïûòàëàñü
ñêðûòü âûðàæåíèå ñâîèõ ãëàç. 10. Â ýòîì ìèðå àáñîëþòíî íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû ëþäè ïîìîãàëè äðóã äðóãó. 11. ß ïðåäëàãàþ,
÷òîáû ìû óñòðîèëè ïèêíèê â âîñêðåñåíüå. 12. À íå ïîðà ëè
òåáå ðàññêàçàòü íàì âñå òâîè ñåêðåòû, äîðîãàÿ? 13. Î÷åíü
âàæíî, ÷òîáû ýòè ñâåäåíèÿ äåðæàëèñü â ñåêðåòå. 14. Ïðèêàç
áûë òàêîâ, ÷òîáû ñîëäàòû ïåðåïðàâèëèñü ÷åðåç Âîëãó. 15. Îí
óëûáíóëñÿ òàê, ñëîâíî ïðî÷èòàë å¸ ìûñëè è òåïåðü çíàë âñ¸.
16. Î÷åíü ñòðàííî, ÷òî îíà âûáðàëà ýòó ïðîôåññèþ. 17. Ïèðîã
áûë òàêèì íåîáû÷íûì íà âêóñ, ñëîâíî â íåãî ïîëîæèëè âñå
ïðÿíîñòè Âîñòîêà. 18. — ß ÷óâñòâóþ ñåáÿ òàê, ñëîâíî ÿ àáñîëþòíî ñ÷àñòëèâ. — Ñëîâíî ýòî âîçìîæíî! 19. Îí ÷óâñòâîâàë
ñåáÿ ñâåæèì, ñëîâíî îí íå îòðàáîòàë äâåíàäöàòü ÷àñîâ áåç
ïåðåðûâà. 20. Îí íåæíî ñìîòðåë íà äåâóøêó, ñëîâíî îí ïðîñòèë å¸ è ñíîâà áûë âëþáë¸í â íå¸. 21. Òåáå ëó÷øå ïîçàáîòèòüñÿ î ñâî¸ì çäîðîâüå. 22. — ×àé èëè êîôå? — ß, ïîæàëóé,
âûïüþ ÷àþ. 23. Ìû ïðåäïî÷ëè áû, ÷òîáû âû íå âìåøèâàëèñü
â íàøè äåëà.
67.10 Прочитайте и выучите отрывок из стихотворения. Обсудите, кем вы
хотели бы быть.
IF I WERE A KING
I often wish I were a King
And then I could do anything.
If only I were King of Spain,
I'd take my hat off in the rain.
If only I were King of France,
I wouldn't brush my hair for months.
I think, if I were King of Greece,
I'd push things off the mantelpiece.
If I were King of Timbuctoo,
I'd think of lovely things to do.
If I were King of anything,
I'd tell the soldiers "I'm the King!"
(A. Milne)
Unit
U
n it 6
nit
68
8
Ïîâòîðåíèå
Revision
Тип предложения
Придаточное
предложение
Главное
предложение
Перевод
1. Реальное
условие
If I have money, I’ll buy a
computer.
Если у меня будут
деньги, я куплю
компьютер.
2. Нереальное
условие,
относящееся
к настоящему или
будущему времени
If I had money,
I would buy a
computer.
Если бы у меня
были деньги, я бы
купил компьютер.
3. Нереальное
условие,
относящееся
к прошлому
If I had had
money last
year,
I would have
bought a
computer.
Если бы у меня
были деньги в
прошлом году,
я бы купил
компьютер.
4. Смешанный тип
предложений
If you worked
hard,
you wouldn’t
have made so
many mistakes in
the last test.
настоящее —
прошлое
you would know
the answer now.
прошлое —
настоящее
If you had
worked
hard last term,
330
Повторение
68.1. Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст, обращая внимание на нереальные условные предложения.
Martha was feeling very bad after she had run away from her
own wedding with Glenn, her first love. Though he assured her
that she would never regret it, she knew she would. At nights
she would wake up and wonder how she could have done this
to such a kind and caring man as John, whose only mistake was
that he had fallen in love with her. What would her mother
have said about all this if she were alive, she wondered. She
would have said the same as her sister Josie — make the
decision when your head isn’t full of champagne and emotions.
If her mother had been there, maybe she wouldn’t have had
the chance to slip away at all. Or perhaps her mother wouldn’t
have let the wedding happen.
What would her father say? She hadn’t told him anything.
Maybe because she knew that he wouldn’t let her do it either.
After all he was a Sicilian, and Sicilians were big on family
duty. And he would have made sure that she stayed and did
hers. She decided she’d ring him from the hotel and tell him
that she was okay — but first she would make sure that he
couldn’t trace her. Otherwise he would come with Uncle Mario
and some cousins and drag her back.
68.2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. How would you act if you found yourself on an uninhabited
island? Would you become a new Robinson Crusoe? 2. If you
met a space invader, what questions would you ask him/her?
3. What if signs of intelligent life were discovered on another
planet? 4. What if science discovered a way to prolong life to
150 years? 5. What if man could control weather all the time?
6. What if a new ice age began within the next decades?
7. What if the wheel hadn’t been invented? 8. What if
everybody in the world spoke the same language? 9. What do
you wish were different about the world which we live in?
10. How would things change if there were no advertising?
11. What would you advise a person who wants to learn
English as quickly as possible? 12. What would you think of
331
UNIT 68
if you wanted to give your mother something special on her
birthday? 13. What animal or plant would you like to be and
why? 14. If you could make three wishes, what would you
ask for?
68.3. Переведите следующий текст.
ÃËÓÏÛÉ ÑËÓÃÀ
Ó ïèñàòåëÿ áûë ìàëü÷èê-ñëóãà, êîòîðûé áûë î÷åíü ãëóïûì.
Ïèñàòåëþ î÷åíü õîòåëîñü, ÷òîáû ìàëü÷èê áûë áîëåå ñîîáðàçèòåëüíûì, íî âñå åãî óñèëèÿ áûëè áåñïîëåçíû. Îäíàæäû,
êîãäà ïèñàòåëü ñèäåë è ïèñàë íîâóþ êíèãó, â êîìíàòó âîðâàëñÿ ñëóãà. Îí âûãëÿäåë òàê, ñëîâíî áûë íàïóãàí äî ñìåðòè,
ñëîâíî íàñòóïèë êîíåö ñâåòà. «Ïîæàð! Ïîæàð! Êóõíÿ ãîðèò!»
Ïèñàòåëü êèíóëñÿ âñëåä çà ñëóãîé íà êóõíþ. Îãîíü ïîëûõàë
ðÿäîì ñ ïå÷üþ, òàê êàê ñëóãà îñòàâèë òàì ïîëåíî, êîòîðîå
òåïåðü ãîðåëî. À íà ïå÷è ñòîÿë áîëüøîé êîò¸ë ñ âîäîé. «Òû,
ãëóïûé ìàëü÷èøêà!» — çàêðè÷àë ïèñàòåëü. — «Ðàçâå òû íå
ìîã âûëèòü âîäó íà ãîðÿùåå äåðåâî?» Ìàëü÷èê ñèëüíî óäèâèëñÿ, ñëîâíî óñëûøàë ÷òî-òî î÷åíü ñòðàííîå, è çàòåì îáúÿñíèë õîçÿèíó, ÷òî ýòî áûëî áû àáñîëþòíî áåñïîëåçíî, òàê êàê
ýòî áûëà ãîðÿ÷àÿ âîäà!
68.4. Заполните пропуски правильной (реальной или нереальной) формой
необходимого по смыслу глагола.
1. If I go to Paris, I ............................ a postcard to you. 2. If you
............................ the cat more often, it wouldn’t be so hungry. 3. My
parents ............................ upset if I fail the exam. 4. If you had
studied harder, you ............................ the test. 5. If you stay up too
late tonight, you ............................... get up at 7 o’clock. 6. If Maxim
didn’t like music, he ............................... to concerts so often. 7. If we
can afford it, we ............................... on holiday next week. 8. If Mrs.
Patience ............................... more patient, she would be an excellent
teacher. 9. Igor doesn’t speak English very well. He wishes he
............................... it more fluently. 10. If I not ............................... a raise
soon, I’ll complain to my boss. 11. If Nina were more careful, she
332
Повторение
............................... a better driver. 12. Jeff doesn’t like being single. He
wishes he ............................... married. 13. You ate all the chocolates in
the box! I wish you ............................... them all. 14. If she asks me,
I ............................... teach her about computers. 15. If he gives me a
lift, I not ............................... to walk to work. 16. We’ll finish the story
which we’ve been writing if the teacher ............................... us a few
more minutes.
68.5. Переведите следующий текст.
ÂÅÆËÈÂÛÉ ßÏÎÍÅÖ
Àìåðèêàíåö ïðèåõàë â ßïîíèþ. Îí ñîâñåì íå óìåë ãîâîðèòü
ïî-ÿïîíñêè. Îí îïàñàëñÿ, ÷òî ó íåãî ìîãóò áûòü íåäîðàçóìåíèÿ èç-çà òîãî, ÷òî îí íå çíàë ÿçûêà, è ïîýòîìó íàíÿë ñëóãóÿïîíöà. ßïîíåö áûë î÷åíü âåæëèâ. Îí îáñëóæèâàë àìåðèêàíöà òàê, ñëîâíî òîò áûë èìïåðàòîðîì. Îäíàæäû àìåðèêàíåö
ïîïðîñèë ñëóãó ðàçáóäèòü åãî ïîðàíüøå íà ñëåäóþùåå óòðî.
Îí îáúÿñíèë, ÷òî áûëî íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû îí âñòðåòèë ñàìîë¸ò ðàíî óòðîì.  øåñòü ÷àñîâ óòðà ñëóãà òèõîíüêî âîøåë
â êîìíàòó àìåðèêàíöà. Îí óâèäåë, ÷òî åãî ãîñïîäèí êðåïêî
ñïèò, âçÿë ëèñò áóìàãè, ÷òî-òî íàïèñàë íà í¸ì è òàê æå òèõî
óäàëèëñÿ. Àìåðèêàíåö ïðîñíóëñÿ â îäèííàäöàòü ÷àñîâ óòðà,
âçãëÿíóë íà ÷àñû è ïðèø¸ë â óæàñ. È òóò îí óâèäåë ðÿäîì
ñ ñîáîé çàïèñêó è ïðî÷èòàë ñëåäóþùåå: «Äîðîãîé ñýð, øåñòü
÷àñîâ. Ïîðà âñòàâàòü».
68.6. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
What will you do if...
1. someone wants to meet you through the Internet? 2. you
oversleep your interview? 3. your best friend forgets your
birthday?
What would you do if you...
4. saw a fight in the street? 5. heard a strange noise outside
your door in the middle of the night? 6. left your keys somewhere? 7. didn’t understand English? 8. lost your way in London? 9. smelt something burning in the neighbour’s flat?
333
UNIT 68
What would you have done if you...
10. had been late for your first class as a teacher? 11. had been
given a pig as a pet? 12. had arrived on the wrong day to your
friend’s party?
68.7. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
A GREEDY FARMER
There was once a rich farmer in England who had a friend
called Andy Appleton. Andy Appleton was a great gardener
and he (grow) very good apples. One day he (give) his friend
George a fine apple tree. George liked the present, but when he
(come) back home, he not (know) where to plant the tree. He
(think) “If I (plant) it in the park, strangers (steal) the apples.
If I (plant) it in my field, the neighbours’ children (come) at
night and steal my apples. If I (plant) it in my garden, my own
children (take) the apples.”
Finally, he planted the tree in a dark forest where the tree (can)
not (grow) and soon (die). When Andy heard about it, he (get)
very angry and asked George why he (do) so. “But what (can) I
do?” said the farmer. “If I (plant) the tree in the park, strangers
(steal) the apples. If I (plant) it in my field, the neighbours’
children (come) at night and (take) them,” he explained. Andy
Appleton answered him “If I (know) how greedy and stupid
you are, I never (give) you the apple tree.”
68.8. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Åñëè áû ÿ çíàë êîä, òî ìîã áû ïîïàñòü â ýòîò ñàéò è ïîëó÷èòü èíôîðìàöèþ, êîòîðàÿ èíòåðåñóåò ìåíÿ. — Ïîçâîëü ìíå
ïîìî÷ü òåáå. 2. — ß ñîâåðøåííî çàáûë áû î äåëîâîé âñòðå÷å, åñëè áû ñåêðåòàðøà íå íàïîìíèëà ìíå î íåé. — Æàëü,
÷òî òû òàêîé ðàññåÿííûé! 3. — Åñëè áû íå âðàòàðü, êîìàíäà
ïðîèãðàëà áû èãðó è íå áûëà áû ñåé÷àñ ÷åìïèîíîì ñòðàíû. —
Æàëü, íî ÿ íå âèäåë ýòîãî ìàò÷à. 4. — ×òî áû òû ñêàçàëà,
åñëè áû ÿ ïîïðîñèë òåáÿ âûéòè çà ìåíÿ çàìóæ? — Äàæå åñëè
áû òû ïðåäëîæèë ìíå âåñü ìèð, ÿ áû íå ñäåëàëà ýòîãî. ß ëþ334
Повторение
áëþ äðóãîãî ÷åëîâåêà. — Äîñàäíî, ÷òî òû íå ñêàçàëà ìíå ýòîãî ðàíüøå! 5. Îáèäíî, ÷òî ó ìåíÿ íåò ìîòîöèêëà, ýòî áûëî áû
çäîðîâî! Îòåö ãîâîðèò, ÷òî åñëè ÿ óñïåøíî çàêîí÷ó øêîëó,
òî îí ïîäàðèò ìíå ìîòîöèêë ïîñëåäíåé ìîäåëè. 6. Åñëè áû íå
âñåîáùåå ïîòåïëåíèå, òî ìû èçáåæàëè áû óæå ìíîãèõ ïðîáëåì. Äàâíî ïîðà ïðèíèìàòü ñåðü¸çíûå ìåðû, ÷òîáû ñïàñòè
Çåìëþ. 7. — Åñëè áû Âèêòîð íå ïåðåäóìàë è ïðèíÿë ó÷àñòèå
â èãðå «Êòî õî÷åò ñòàòü ìèëëèîíåðîì?», òî îí òî÷íî âûèãðàë
áû ìèëëèîí ðóáëåé. Îí òàêîé ýðóäèò! — Äà, áóäü ÿ íà åãî ìåñòå, ÿ áû ðèñêíóë. 8. Äåòÿì ïîðà èäòè ñïàòü, à òî óòðîì îíè
áóäóò íå â ñîñòîÿíèè ïîäíÿòüñÿ è îïîçäàþò â øêîëó. 9. Ïîõîæå, ÷òî ïîãîäà ìåíÿåòñÿ ê õóäøåìó. Ïîðà îäåâàòüñÿ òåïëåå.
Æàëü, ÷òî ëåòî òàê áûñòðî ïðîëåòåëî. 10. ß äåéñòâèòåëüíî
çíàþ, êàê ïîìî÷ü òåáå. Æàëü òîëüêî, ÷òî òû ìíå íå äîâåðÿåøü è íå îáðàòèëñÿ êî ìíå çà ïîìîùüþ ðàíüøå.
68.9.
Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках. Перескажите
историю.
OPEN THE BOX!
One evening, a woman whose phone was out of order, strolled
a few blocks from her home (use) a public phone as she long
(want) to chat with her twin sister. Just as she (pick up) the receiver, an excited young man (tap) on the window. His face was
flushed as if he (run) for a long time and (need) the phone urgently. But the woman ignored him completely, she (feel) that
as she (get) there first, now she (can) talk as long as she wanted. She lined up all her 50p, 20p and 10p pieces on top of the
box and turned her back to the young man.
Ignoring her frosty attitude, the bloke opened the door and
(beg) for the use of the phone as if it really (be) a question
of life and death. The huffy woman (carry) on discussing the
weather with her sister. Finally, after she (talk) for ten minutes,
the furious bloke (can) (stand) it no more! “Isn’t it high time
you (stop) chattering?” he shouted. He opened the door, pulled
the woman out, tossed her change on to the pavement, and
picked up the receiver, swearing furiously as if he (go) mad.
335
UNIT 68
The woman (give) the rude man a piece of her mind, then (go)
back home. As she turned round the corner of her road, the
world (fall) before her eyes: her house (burn) to the ground!
And the young man (try) to call the emergency fire brigade
all that time! But it was too late. Life (teach) her a good lesson.
How she wished now she not (be) so unfriendly and (let) the
young man (use) the telephone!
68.10. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Åñëè çàâòðà áóäåò õîðîøèé äåíü, òî ìû ïîéä¸ì íà ïëÿæ.
2. — Åñëè áû ïîãîäà íå áûëà òàêîé ïàñìóðíîé ïîñëåäíèå
òðè ìåñÿöà! Ìû áû ÷óâñòâîâàëè ñåáÿ ëó÷øå. — Äà, æàëü,
÷òî êëèìàò ìåíÿåòñÿ ê õóäøåìó. Åñëè áû ìû ìîãëè óïðàâëÿòü ïîãîäîé! 3. — ß áû ïðåäïî÷ëà, ÷òîáû âû çäåñü íå ÷èõàëè è íå êàøëÿëè. ß ìîãó çàðàçèòüñÿ îò âàñ ãðèïïîì. —
Æåëàòåëüíî, ÷òîáû âû íîñèëè ìàñêó, êàê ýòî, íàïðèìåð,
äåëàþò â ßïîíèè. 4. Íå âîëíóéòåñü! Åñëè îí ÷òî-íèáóäü óçíàåò, òî îáÿçàòåëüíî íàì ïîçâîíèò. 5. — Ïîñìîòðèòå, ÷òî ÿ
ñäåëàë! — Ëó÷øå áû òû ýòîãî íå äåëàë. 6. Æàëü, ÷òî ó ìåíÿ
íåò ÷åìîäàíà, ïîëíîãî äåíåã! ß ìîã áû ñäåëàòü ñòîëüêî âñåãî
õîðîøåãî. 7. Åñëè ìû êîãäà-íèáóäü ïîïàä¸ì â Àíãëèþ, òî íåïðåìåííî óâèäèì âñå òå äîñòîïðèìå÷àòåëüíîñòè, î êîòîðûõ
òàê ìíîãî ÷èòàëè è ñëûøàëè. 8. Æàëü, ÷òî Àíàñòàñèÿ íå çàêîí÷èëà ìåäèöèíñêèé èíñòèòóò. Åñëè áû îíà çàêîí÷èëà åãî,
òî ñòàëà áû õîðîøèì âðà÷îì. 9. Åñëè ìíå íå ïðèä¸òñÿ èäòè
íà ðàáîòó çàâòðà, òî ÿ çàéìóñü ðàáîòîé ïî äîìó. 10. Ëåêöèÿ
íà÷èíàåòñÿ â 10 ÷àñîâ. Òåáå ëó÷øå ïîòîðîïèòüñÿ. Íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû âñå ïðèõîäèëè âîâðåìÿ. 11. — ß, ïîæàëóé, îñòàíóñü ñåãîäíÿ äîìà. ß íå î÷åíü õîðîøî ñåáÿ ÷óâñòâóþ. — À ÿ
íà òâî¸ì ìåñòå âûçâàë áû âðà÷à. 12. ß ïðåäïî÷ëà áû, ÷òîáû òû íå êðèòèêîâàë ìåíÿ. 13. — Ìîæíî âêëþ÷èòü òåëåâèçîð? — ß áû ïðåäïî÷ëà, ÷òîáû òû íå äåëàë ýòîãî. Óæå
ïîçäíî. Òåáå ëó÷øå èäòè ñïàòü. 14. Åñëè áû îí íå ó÷èëñÿ â
êîìïüþòåðíîé øêîëå, òî íå íàó÷èëñÿ áû ïèñàòü ïðîãðàììû
äëÿ êîìïüþòåðà. 15. ß íå ñìîã áû ñäåëàòü ýòîò ôèëüì, åñëè
áû ìíå íå ïîìîãàëè ìíîãèå ëþäè, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ìîÿ ñåìüÿ. Ñåãîäíÿ ÿ õî÷ó ïîáëàãîäàðèòü èõ.
336
Повторение
68.11.
Сделайте следующие предложения нереальными, используя I
wish..., if..., as if... .
1. Dick is in prison because a detective recognized him. 2. He
regrets drinking so much last night. 3. It’s a pity your parents
can’t be here too. 4. Unfortunately I have to work late tonight.
5. You had an accident because you were driving too fast. 6. You
look awful. Have you received bad news? 7. He is sorry that he
upset her. 8. She feels great. She thinks that she is flying. 9. Jim
missed the plane, that’s why he isn’t here now. 10. Luckily, she
didn’t find out the truth and wasn’t angry. 11. She looks pale.
Maybe she has caught a cold. 12. Why are you so scared? Have
you see a ghost? 13. He is always interrupting people! He thinks
he knows everything. 14. Time flies fast. It’s so sad. 15. You
didn’t try and didn’t find the way out of this mess. 16. He makes
a lot of mistakes as he is very absent-minded. 17. Australia is a
wonderful country, but it is too far away.
68.12. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. — Ïðèñàæèâàéòåñü, ïîæàëóéñòà. — Ñïàñèáî, íî ÿ, ïîæàëóé, ïîñòîþ. 2. Ïîõîæå, áóäåò äîæäü. Òåáå ëó÷øå âçÿòü çîíò.
3. ß áû, ïîæàëóé, ïðåäïî÷¸ë, ÷òîáû âû çäåñü íå êîìàíäîâàëè. 4. Åñëè îí ïðèãëàñèò íàñ íà ñâîé äåíü ðîæäåíèÿ, òî ìû
áóäåì î÷åíü ðàäû. 5. Åñëè áû â âîçäóõå íå áûëî êèñëîðîäà,
òî ìû íå ìîãëè áû æèòü. 6. Íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû âû ïðîèíôîðìèðîâàëè îá ýòîì Ïðåçèäåíòà. 7. Òåáå ëó÷øå ïðîìîë÷àòü, à
òî îïÿòü ñêàæåøü ÷òî-íèáóäü íå òî. 8. Ìû áóäåì ðàäû, åñëè
îí âëþáèòñÿ â íå¸. 9. Åñëè áû òû ëþáèë ìåíÿ, òî âûïîëíÿë
áû âñå ìîè æåëàíèÿ. 10. — Îíè ðàññòðîÿòñÿ, åñëè Âû íå íàâåñòèòå èõ. — Æàëü, íî ÿ íå ìîãó ýòîãî ñäåëàòü. 11. Åñëè òû
ïåðåäóìàåøü, äàé íàì çíàòü. Íåîáõîäèìî, ÷òîáû ìû íàøëè
äðóãîãî ÷åëîâåêà íà ýòó äîëæíîñòü. 12. — Òåáå äàâíî ïîðà
ïåðåñòàòü ìå÷òàòü è íà÷àòü ðàáîòàòü! — Äà, ìíå ëó÷øå ïîñëåäîâàòü òâîåìó ñîâåòó. 13. — Âàì ïîâåç¸ò, åñëè Âû íàéä¸òå
ïîäêîâó. — Äà, åñëè áû ÿ íàøëà ïîäêîâó, òî ïîâåñèëà áû å¸
íà ñ÷àñòüå. 14. Ìû íå ïîïàëè áû â òàêóþ ñëîæíóþ ñèòóàöèþ,
åñëè áû ïðîâåðèëè âñå äîêóìåíòû. 15. — À íå ïîðà ëè íàì
âñåì îòïðàâèòüñÿ äîìîé? — À ÿ, ïîæàëóé, îñòàíóñü.
Unit
U
n iitt 6
nit
69
9
Èíôèíèòèâ
The Infinitive
Инфинитив — неопределённая форма глагола, формальным показателем
которой является частица to.
Инфинитив служит исходной базой для образования всех глагольных
форм.
Время
Действительный залог
Страдательный залог
Indefinite
to write
to be written
Perfect
to have written
to have been written
Indefinite Progressive
to be writing
—
Perfect Progressive
to have been writing
—
1. После вспомогательных
глаголов do, does, shall, will,
should, would
338
— Do you speak French? — I don’t know it.
Shall I help you?
Will they come?
What should I do?
We would like to dance.
Инфинитив
Продолжение табл.
2. После модальных глаголов
(кроме ought to, be to, have to) и
модальных фраз You’d better...,
I’d rather...
My sister can play football.
What must I do?
You’d better leave now.
I’d rather keep silent.
3. После глаголов
чувственного восприятия to
hear, to see, to feel, to notice, to
watch
Somebody heard him say that.
Nobody saw them leave.
We noticed her turn pale.
She watched the plane land.
4. После глаголов
принуждения let, make
Let us discuss the problem.
I’ll make you understand it.
Ho: He was made to do it.
5. В вопросах, начинающихся с
Why? (Почему бы не ...?)
Why do it?
Why risk it?
Why not go to a pub?
Why not tell us the whole story?
69.1. Употребите частицу to, если необходимо.
1. ... be or not ... be — that is the question. 2. Why ... worry? ... be
happy! 3. My aim is ... study English. 4. Don’t make your child ...
eat too much. 5. Tom was made ... play the piano. 6. His dream is
... learn driving. 7. I have ... go home. 8. Should I ... write it down?
9. They let a stranger ... come in. 10. The stranger was allowed ...
stay for the night. 11. I noticed my children... fall asleep. 12. Let
him... stay with us. 13. She made me ... laugh. 14. Why not ... have
a snack? 15. She wants all her friends ... come to her birthday.
They are easy ... deal with. 16. I must ... go right now. The work
must... be done. I am ... be at work at 9 sharp. 17. We are happy
... see you here. 18. What I need is ... relax. 19. Shall we ... start
the conference? 20. It’s so difficult ... take everything easy!
69.2.
Продолжите следующие предложения, используя инфинитивы.
1. My aim is ... . 2. What I need now is ... . 3. To be happy is
(means) ... . 4. My workmates are easy ... . 5. It’s stupid ... . 6. It’s
important ... . 7. I am clever enough ... . 8. We have something ... .
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UNIT 69
9. I’m too tired ... . 10. He is lucky ... . 11. I’m sorry ... . 12. You
must ... . 13. I have ... . 14. Try ... . 15. I didn’t want ... . 16. We
plan ... . 17. I promise ... . 18. My Mom forgot ... . 19. We offered
him ... . 20. The children seem ... . 21. We cannot afford ... . 22. Very
slowly she began ... . 23. I am so happy... . 24. It’s unusual ... .
25. Everybody’s wish is ... .
69.3. Употребите необходимую форму глагола в скобках.
1. I’m going (translate) this book from Russian into English.
2. The publisher wants this novel (translate) next year. 3. They
want (organize) a conference in August. 4. We expect a film festival (organize) in Yalta next summer. 5. They are planning (build)
a tunnel here. 6. The project must (finish) within a year. 7. This
dictionary seems (publish) ages ago. 8. He pretended (sleep).
9. Well, sir, I want (take) my words back. 10. Everybody is going (give) a raise. 11. You cannot (break) rules. Rules are rules
and they must (keep). 12. English people don’t like (tell) what to
do. 13. She wants (wash) her windows tomorrow. 14. One more
window remained (wash). 15. You need (think) it over. It’s a serious matter. 16. You ought to (tell) me this before. 17. Students
can’t afford (waste) time. 18. The patient has (operate on). 19. All
these tests must (check) by Monday. 20. She is so lucky (raise) in
such a good family. 21. I like (give) presents to friends, but even
more I like (give) gifts. Which do you prefer?
69.4. Дополните следующие предложения фразами из правой колонки.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Òî travel is (means)
Òî go out at night
You can’t afford
She had a big family
A witty limerick is
To make a good career
means
7. It takes a long time
8. She didn’t love him
enough
340
a.
b.
ñ.
d.
e.
f.
very difficult to write.
to be hard-working.
to become a personality.
to marry him.
to meet his partners.
to fulfil all your wishes.
g. to let them down.
h. to extend the family
business.
Инфинитив
9. Maxim flew to Boston
10. All I want is
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
It would never do
She is very pleasant
Gold and love affairs are
Paul started
Such information
i. is impossible to get.
j. to broaden your mind
(if you have the mind).
k. is rather risky.
l. to be so rude to the chief.
m. to support.
n. to look at.
o. hard to hide.
69.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ß ñ÷àñòëèâ âèäåòü âàñ. 2. ß î÷åíü ðàä, ÷òî âñòðåòèëñÿ ñ
âàìè. 3. ß ñ÷àñòëèâ, ÷òî ìíå äàëè ýòó ðàáîòó. 4. Õî÷ó ðàññêàçàòü âàì ïîñëåäíèå íîâîñòè. 5. Õî÷ó, ÷òîáû ìåíÿ îñòàâèëè
â ïîêîå. 6. Îíà, êàæåòñÿ, çíàåò âñåõ â ãîðîäå. 7. Òû, êàæåòñÿ,
ñèäèøü çà êîìïüþòåðîì ñ ñàìîãî óòðà. Íå ïîðà ëè åãî âûêëþ÷èòü? 8. ×èòàòü êíèãè — ýòî çíà÷èò ðàñøèðÿòü ñâîé êðóãîçîð.
9. Îíà íå ìîãëà ïîçâîëèòü ñåáå áðîñèòü ðàáîòó. Ó íå¸ áûëè
äåòè, êîòîðûõ íóæíî áûëî ðàñòèòü (ïîäíèìàòü). 10. Îíà íà÷èíàëà ïîíèìàòü, ÷òî ïðîèçîøëî. 11. Ìíå íå÷åãî äåëàòü. 12. Ó
ìåíÿ òàê ìíîãî äåë, êîòîðûå íóæíî ïåðåäåëàòü. 13. ×òîáû
îâëàäåòü ÿçûêîì, íóæíî óñèëåííî ðàáîòàòü. 14. Íóæíî ìíîãî âðåìåíè, ÷òîáû ñòàòü ïðîôåññèîíàëîì. 15. Îíà äîñòàòî÷íî
óìíà, ÷òîáû âûïîëíèòü ñâîþ ðàáîòó. 16. Ñëèøêîì îïàñíî ñàäèòüñÿ â ïîïóòíûå ìàøèíû. 17. Åé òðóäíî óãîäèòü. 18. Ñ íèì
ëåãêî èìåòü äåëî. 19. Ýòî íå÷òî, ÷òî òðóäíî îïèñàòü. 20. Áîëüøèå äåíüãè òðóäíî ñïðÿòàòü. 21. Áûòü èëè íå áûòü? — âîò â
÷¸ì âîïðîñ. 22. Îíà íóæäàëàñü â òîì, ÷òîáû åé ïîìîãëè.
69.6.
Заполните пропуски необходимыми словосочетаниями в форме инфинитива.
1. I’d like you ............................... with my English Grammar.
2. He tried ............................... her a message, but the number was
blocked. 3. We managed ............................... a table by the window.
4. I learned ............................... at the age of five. 5. We’ve decided
............................... this University. 6. My boyfriend promised not
............................... for the party. 7. You seem ............................... in a good
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UNIT 69
mood. 8. I can’t afford ............................... expensive clothes. I have
three kids ............................... . 9. He didn’t mean ............................... you.
So stop crying. 10. We decided ............................... a drink in the pub.
11. They decided ............................... for a business lunch. 12. We chose
............................... in the country the whole summer. 13. How did you
manage ............................... all this information? Isn’t it top secret?
14. My friend offered ............................... me a little money. I had ...
............................, as I needed it ............................... my parents. 15. What
time do you expect them ............................... ? 16. I forgot ...............................
some bread and cheese on the way home. 17. We’ve just
decided ............................... a new computer for the office 18. The
children began ............................... as fast as they could. 19. We hope
............................... you soon. 20. — Will you teach me ...............................
these words correctly? — I will.
69.7.
Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык следующие вводные фразы и составьте с ними предложения.
Òî tell you the truth, to be absolutely frank, to crown (cap)
it all, to start with, to put it mildly, not to say more, needless
to say, to be more exact, to make a long story short, to cut it
short, strange though it may sound, to be honest... .
69.8.
Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îòêðîâåííî ãîâîðÿ, òû ñëèøêîì ìîëîä, ÷òîáû ãîâîðèòü
ìíå, ÷òî äåëàòü. 2. Íàì ïðèøëîñü ïîäíÿòüñÿ î÷åíü ðàíî, ÷òîáû óñïåòü íà ïåðâûé àâòîáóñ. 3. Áàáóøêà èìåëà îáûêíîâåíèå
ïðèõîäèòü êî ìíå â êîìíàòó, ÷òîáû ðàññêàçàòü ñêàçêó ïåðåä
ñíîì (a bedtime story). 4. Ìàòèëüäà áûëà äîñòàòî÷íî óìíà,
÷òîáû áûòü ëó÷øåé ó÷åíèöåé â êëàññå. 5. Àïåëüñèíû ñëèøêîì âÿëûå (tired), ÷òîáû ïîêóïàòü èõ. 6. ×åñòíî ãîâîðÿ, ìíå
ïðèøëîñü ñîëãàòü, ÷òîáû ñïàñòè ñèòóàöèþ. 7. Îí õîòåë óñëûøàòü ïðàâäó, îí íå õîòåë, ÷òîáû åìó îïÿòü ñêàçàëè ëîæü.
8. Æèçíü ñëèøêîì êîðîòêà, ÷òîáû ïîïóñòó òðàòèòü âðåìÿ.
9. Ïî ïðàâäå ãîâîðÿ, ìíå ïðèøëîñü ñîîáùèòü îá ýòîì ïîëèöèè. 10. ß, ïîæàëóé, ïîéäó ïîãóëÿþ. Íå õî÷åøü ïðèñîåäèíèòüñÿ? 11. Ïîâåðüòå, âàì íå÷åãî áîÿòüñÿ. 12. Åñòü íåñêîëüêî
ôàêñîâ, íà êîòîðûå íóæíî îòâåòèòü ñåãîäíÿ. 13. Êîðî÷å ãî342
Инфинитив
âîðÿ, åìó óäàëîñü ñáåæàòü èç òþðüìû è äîëãîå âðåìÿ åìó
ïðèøëîñü ñêðûâàòüñÿ â ëåñó. 14. Îí ïðèø¸ë ïåðâûì è óø¸ë
ïîñëåäíèì. 15. Ó ìåíÿ íåò æåëàíèÿ ñïîðèòü ñ òîáîé. Ó ìåíÿ
òàê ìíîãî òåòðàäåé, êîòîðûå íóæíî ïðîâåðèòü. 16. Ñëîâà
ýòîé ïåñíè ëåãêî çàïîìíèòü. 17. Ìîè ðîäèòåëè ó÷èëè ìåíÿ
âèäåòü ëó÷øåå â ëþäÿõ. 18. Åé íåîáõîäèìî áûëî íàéòè åãî.
19. Ñòóäåíòàì õîòåëîñü áû èìåòü áîëüøå ñâîáîäíîãî âðåìåíè, ÷òîáû íàñëàæäàòüñÿ æèçíüþ. 20. Ëþáèòü — çíà÷èò
æåðòâîâàòü.
69.9 Прочитайте стихотворение и выучите его наизусть. Обсудите в группе
на что у вас хватает времени и на что его не хватает.
WHAT IS THIS LIFE?
What is this life if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare?
No time to stand beneath the boughs
And stare as long as sheep or cows;
No time to see, when woods we pass,
Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass;
No time to see, in broad daylight,
Streams full of stars, like skies at night;
No time to turn at Beauty's glance,
And watch her feet, how they can dance;
No time to wait till her mouth can
Enrich that smile her eyes began?
A poor life is this if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare.
W.H. Davies
Unit
U
n iitt 7
nit
ni
70
0
Ñëîæíîå äîïîëíåíèå
The Complex Object
Сложное дополнение состоит из имени существительного или местоимения (в объектном падеже) и инфинитива глагола с частицей to или без неё.
We want Nick (him) to visit us.
They expect the train (it) to come on time.
Мы хотим, чтобы Ник навестил нас.
(Переводится придаточным предложением.)
Употребляется:
1) после глаголов want,
wish, would like, desire, like,
hate, expect, know, believe,
consider, get с частицей to!
We want Helen to help us.
Do you wish me to join you?
I expect them to arrive soon.
We know him to be a cool guy.
They consider the matter to be serious.
We’ll get you to do it.
2) после глаголов
чувственного восприятия
see, hear, feel, notice, watch
без частицы to!
I’ve never seen her look so beautiful.
The inspector noticed the man enter the bank.
Everybody heard him say that.
3) после глаголов
принуждения let, make,
have без частицы to!
They let us go home.
Nobody will make me do it!
I won’t have you say such things!
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Сложное дополнение
1. Если глаголы hear, see, notice, make употребляются в пассивном залоге, то
инфинитив после них используется с частицей to.
We heard her say it. — She was heard to say it.
Somebody made him do it. — He was made to do it.
2. Глагол let не употребляется в пассивном залоге; употребляйте глагол
to allow.
We let them do it. — They were allowed to do it.
3. Причастие I выражает действие в его развитии, в процессе.
Сравните:
We saw him cross the street.
(...как он перешёл улицу)
We saw him crossing the street.
(...как он переходил улицу)
70.1. Употребите частицу to, если необходимо.
1. Íå sat down and made me ... sit beside him. 2. She is always
heard ... sing while working. 3. I never saw anyone ... enjoy food
so much. 4. The producer is known ... have staged a new play.
5. He would sooner ... let himself ... be cut in a thousand pieces
than ... betray his friends. 6. I don’t expect you ... understand,
but I want you ... take some measures. 7. Would you like me ...
help you? 8. What made you ... decide ... do so? 9. Sunglasses
make you ... look mysterious. 10. They consider him ... be a real
professional. 11. She considers him ... be a superman. 12. Let
me ... take you to the Milky Way on your holiday! 13. I wanted
this ... be the surprise of your life. 14. The detective watched
the strangers ... go out of the house, ... get into the car and ...
drive off. 15. He noticed her ... turn pale. 16. It takes two ...
make a dream ... come true. 17. I felt somebody ... pull my bag
in the crowded bus. 18. As I don’t want this ... happen, I try ...
be as careful as possible. 19. Every morning I make myself... do
sit-ups for ten minutes. 20. The big breakfast made me ... feel
sleepy and I let the book ... fall to the ground.
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UNIT 70
70.2. Измените предложения согласно образцу.
My teacher made me learn spelling rules by heart.
— I was made to learn spelling rules by heart.
1. They heard her leave the flat. 2. I saw the children run quickly
to the river. 3. A policeman noticed a burglar get into the house.
4. She let the kids watch the cartoon. 5. This teacher never makes
students do homework. 6. We heard the tourists start singing.
7. Ben’s mother made him apologize. 8. They made the customer
accept their terms. 9. Don’t worry! We’ll let you go to the football
match. 10. The public made the pop singer sing her latest hit.
11. From the helicopter they saw the car disappear in the tunnel.
12. The neighbours noticed Marina leave her dacha. 13. I’ll let you
have a dog if you study better. 14. They let their son choose his
future profession himself. 15. He made her sign the documents.
70.3. Употребите инфинитив или причастие I вместо глаголов в скобках.
1. I heard somebody (call) my name. 2. He felt something (hit)
him on the leg. 3. His remark made everybody (feel) awkward.
4. How could you let them (fool) you? 5. We watched the sun
(set) slowly into the sea. 6. He glanced back and saw a man
(follow) him. 7. Far away they heard a dog (bark). 8. Have you
ever seen anything of the kind (happen)? 9. I could smell the
coffee (boil). 10. She failed to see the guests (leave). 11. After an
hour’s rest he felt strength slowly (come) back to him. 12. When
I entered the house, I saw my children (decorate) the Christmas
tree. 13. He walked happily through the streets (watch) the city
come to life. 14. When I went to visit my friends, I found them
(have) a party. 15. The policeman saw the man (stop), (look
around) and (enter) the bar. 16. When we entered the office, we
saw our boss (speak) to the sales manager.
70.4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
A CLEVER BARMAN
The other day I (finish) work earlier than usual. The weather
(be) fine, so I (decide) (take) a walk. While I (pass) one of the
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Сложное дополнение
numerous pubs, I (realize) that I not (have) anything to drink
since morning and that I certainly (like) a pint of beer. “There
(be) nothing better than cold beer on a hot day like this!” I
(think) and (enter) the Golden Bar. I (see) men and women (sit)
at their tables over a glass of beer. The beer (bring) soon, but as
I not (be) in the bar before, I (take) a look around. Almost every
seat (occupy). I watched people (talk) and (laugh).
Finally I (finish) my beer and (be) about (leave) the bar when
it (begin) (rain). I (wait) for ten minutes but the rain not (stop).
The strange part of it was that there (be) no clouds in the sky
and yet it (rain) hard. I (can) not possibly (go out) as I not
(take) an umbrella with me. I (expect) the rain (stop) soon, so
I (change) my mind and (order) a substantial lunch. I (notice)
many people (do) the same, so the waiter (have) a lot of work
to do. “It (rain) for an hour already, but the rain (show) no sign
of stopping. It’s time I (leave),” I (think) and (go out). I (walk) a
few steps in a hurry and then (stop) in surprise. There (be) no
rain. All the time I (sit) in the bar, there (be) no rain at all!
But just a few yards away from the front door of the bar an
elderly woman (sit) comfortably on a chair. She (hold) a hose1
linked to a tap. She (water) the pavement in front of the bar.
A clever man, that barman was! He (want) people (stay) in his
bar as long as possible. And his trick (work) with me as well.
70.5. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ìû îæèäàåì, ÷òî íàøå ïóòåøåñòâèå áóäåò èíòåðåñíûì.
2. Ìû íàáëþäàëè, êàê ðûáêè ïëàâàëè â àêâàðèóìå. 3. Êíèãè çàñòàâèëè ìåíÿ ñîâåðøåííî ïî-íîâîìó âçãëÿíóòü íà ìèð.
4. Åãî çàñòàâèëè âûñòóïèòü â ñóäå, è âñå îæèäàëè, ÷òî îí
ñêàæåò, ÷òî îí âèäåë. 5. ß íå ïîçâîëþ âàì ãîâîðèòü òàêèå
âåùè çà ìîåé ñïèíîé! 6. Òóðèñòû íå çàìåòèëè, êàê áîëüøîé
ìåäâåäü ïîäîø¸ë ê êîñòðó. 7. ß íèêîãäà íå âèäåë, ÷òîáû êòîòî ïîëó÷àë òàêîå îãðîìíîå óäîâîëüñòâèå îò åäû. 8. Ìû õîòèì,
÷òîáû òû îñòàëñÿ ñ íàìè. 9. Ëþäè îæèäàþò, ÷òî ýòîò ïîëèòèê
ðåàëüíî ïîìîæåò èì. 10. Ñëûøàëè, êàê îí ñêàçàë, ÷òî îí óåç1
hose [hǨuz] — øëàíã.
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UNIT 70
æàåò. 11. Âû êîãäà-íèáóäü ñëûøàëè, êàê ïî¸ò ñîëîâåé? 12. Âû
êîãäà-íèáóäü âèäåëè, êàê êîøêà îõîòèòñÿ çà ìûøàìè? 13. Îí
çàìåòèë, ÷òî ê íåìó èä¸ò èíñïåêòîð, è îñòàíîâèë ìàøèíó.
14. Ýòà êíèãà ñ÷èòàåòñÿ áåñòñåëëåðîì. 15. ß ñ÷èòàþ ýòîãî àêò¸ðà ãåíèåì. 16. Îõðàíà ïîçâîëèëà åìó âîéòè â äîì, íî âûéòè
îòòóäà åìó íå ðàçðåøèëè. 17. Àäìèðàë Íåëüñîí ñêàçàë: «Àíãëèÿ îæèäàåò, ÷òî êàæäûé ÷åëîâåê âûïîëíèò ñâîé äîëã».
70.6
Переведите следующий текст. Расскажите, что вас заставляли или не
заставляли делать в детстве.
Êîãäà ÿ áûë ìàëåíüêèì ìàëü÷èêîì, ìîè ðîäèòåëè íèêîãäà íå
çàñòàâëÿëè ìåíÿ äåëàòü òî, ÷åãî ÿ íå õîòåë. Èíîãäà, ïî ïðàâäå ãîâîðÿ, ìåíÿ çàñòàâëÿëè óáèðàòü èãðóøêè è êíèãè. ×àñòî
ñî ìíîé áûëî òðóäíî óïðàâëÿòüñÿ, íî ïî ìåðå òîãî êàê ÿ ðîñ,
ìîé îòåö, áûâàëî, ãîâîðèë ìíå, ÷òî ÿ äîëæåí ïðèâûêíóòü ê
òîìó, ÷òîáû áûòü îðãàíèçîâàííûì è òðóäîëþáèâûì. «Ó÷åíèå — ýòî äîëãèé ïðîöåññ, îí äëèòñÿ âñþ æèçíü» ãîâîðèëà
ìíå ìàìà. Òåïåðü îíè íå ïîçâîëÿëè ìíå äîëãî ñìîòðåòü òåëåâèçîð è ïîçäíî ëîæèòüñÿ ñïàòü. ×òåíèå, ïëàâàíèå, èãðà â
øàõìàòû ñòàëè ìîèìè óâëå÷åíèÿìè. Ó÷åáà â øêîëå çàíèìàëà
ìíîãî âðåìåíè, íî, ÷åñòíî ãîâîðÿ, ÿ ïîëó÷àë óäîâîëüñòâèå îò
òîãî, ÷òî ïîëó÷àë âñå áîëüøå è áîëüøå çíàíèé. Ìíå ïîäñîåäèíèëè êîìïüþòåð ê Èíòåðíåòó è îí ìíå î÷åíü ïîìîã. «Ìû
õîòèì, ÷òîáû òû âûðîñ îáðàçîâàííûì ÷åëîâåêîì, èìåþùèì
ïðèíöèïû è õîðîøóþ ðàáîòó» òî è äåëî òâåðäèë ìíå îòåö.
«Âû ÷òî æå, îæèäàåòå, ÷òî ÿ ñòàíó åùå îäíèì Áèëëîì Ãåéòñîì?» áûë ìîé îòâåò. Ïîäîáíî ìíîãèì ïîäðîñòêàì, ÿ íà÷àë êóðèòü, îäíàêî ìîè ðîäèòåëè íàñòîÿëè íà òîì, ÷òîáû ÿ áðîñèë
êóðèòü. «Êóðåíèå — ïëîõàÿ ïðèâû÷êà. Ëó÷øå òåáå áðîñèòü
êóðèòü ñåé÷àñ», òî è äåëî ãîâîðèëà ìíå ìàìà. Íå æåëàÿ îãîð÷àòü åå, ÿ ñäåëàë ýòî.
Ïîìíþ, êàê ìàìà ãîâîðèëà ìíå, ÷òî æèçíü ñëèøêîì êîðîòêà,
÷òîáû òðàòèòü âðåìÿ ïîïóñòó. «Ïîìíè, ÷òî íóæíî äåëàòü âñå
âîâðåìÿ, è ÷òîáû òåáå îá ýòîì íå íàïîìèíàëè äâàæäû», áûë
åå ñîâåò. È ÿ åìó âñåãäà ñëåäóþ.
Uni
Unit
U
n
nit
ni
iitt 7
71
1
Ãåðóíäèé
The Gerund
Время
Действительный залог
Страдательный залог
Indefinite
doing
writing
being done
being written
Perfect
having done
having written
having been done
having been written
Сравните:
Excuse me for giving you so much trouble. (действие в настоящем)
Excuse me for having given you so much trouble. (действие в прошлом)
He was proud of winning so often. (Он гордился тем, что часто выигрывал.)
Не was proud of having won the game. (Он был горд тем, что выиграл.)
1. После глаголов forget, remember, thank, deny, excuse, regret для выражения
прошлого действия употребляется Indefinite Gerund вместо Perfect Gerund.
She forgot telling me about it.
They regret going there.
I don’t remember ever seeing him.
Excuse me for coming without calling first.
2. После глаголов must, require, need, deserve и прилагательного worth употребляется Active Gerund, хотя значение пассивное.
The grass needs cutting. (Травку нужно подстричь.)
The camera wanted adjusting. (Камеру нужно было отрегулировать.)
The child deserves praising. (Ребёнок заслуживает, чтобы его похвалили.)
The film is worth seeing. (Фильм стоит посмотреть.)
It is worth while reading this book. (Стоит почитать эту книгу.)
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UNIT 71
71.1. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на герундий.
1. Travelling broadens your mind. 2. Shopping is my basic instinct.
3. Seeing is believing. 4. No progressing is regressing. 5. This
exhibition is worth visiting. 6. It’s worth while discussing this
problem. 7. They started working like maniacs. 8. My hobby is
collecting bells. 9. I am not used to being told what to do. 10. We
have been looking forward to visiting France for a year already.
11. Everybody liked the idea of going to the Coffee House. 12. Will
I ever have a chance of seeing you again? 13. Instead of telling
the truth, the boy went on lying. 14. He took the file without
anyone noticing. 15. Think twice before answering. 16. Of course,
there is nothing wrong in your seeing him. 17. The journalist
insisted on being sent to that troublespot. 18. Few women left
the store without buying something. 19. He enjoyed talking to
her because she was so well informed. 20. Arguing with you
is just wasting time. 21. There is no stopping time. 22. There is
no denying nowadays that wearing a lot of make-up makes a
woman look ten years older. 23. Stop talking, will you?
71.2. Дополните следующие предложения.
1. You should avoid ... . 2. Do you mind ... ? 3. We must go on ... .
4. The guide began ... . 5. Has it stopped ... ? 6. The agent kept
on ... . 7. I don’t regret ... . 8. When will you finish ... ? 9. Just
imagine ... ! 10. Young people enjoy ... . 11. The car needs ... .
12. His hobby was ... . 13. The man denied ... . 14. Fancy ... ! 15. He
hates ... . 16. When are you going to give up ... ? 17. We don’t feel
like ... . 18. When she heard the good news, she couldn’t help ... .
19. The child fell off his bicycle and burst out ... . 20. They went
on ... as if nothing had happened. 21. Well done. You deserve ... .
22. I really regret ... . 23. Excuse me for ... . 24. Are you going to
apologize for ... ? 25. My Mum is very fond of ... .
71.3. Употребите правильную форму герундия вместо глаголов в скобках.
1. It’s no use (cry) over spilt milk. 2. The cottage is very
old and it badly needs (paint). 3. It started (rain) hard, so it
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Герундий
wasn’t worth (go) for a picnic. 4. The baby began (cry) when
it woke up, and it went on (cry) all the morning. 5. I enjoy
(watch) television when the programme is worth (see). 6. The
manager received the e-mail a week ago, but he put off
(answer) it till Monday. 7. These jeans are so old, they aren’t
worth (keep). 8. Will you stop (talk) about it, the incident
isn’t worth (mention). 9. This T-shirt is quite clean, it doesn’t
need (wash) yet. 10. Nick admitted (tell) a lie. And he didn’t
mind (reprimand) for it. 11. Bruce couldn’t imagine (abuse)
by anyone. 12. Tony likes (read), but his wife prefers (listen)
to classical music. 13. The lecturer got angry and asked the
students to stop (talk) and (ask) silly questions. He warned
them that if they kept (interrupt) him, he would ask them to
leave the lecture hall. 14. He is very secretive. He avoids (ask)
any personal questions or (ask) any even by his closest friends.
15. He wasn’t used to (ignore). 16. James denied (be) a secret
agent during the war. 17. The sick man agreed to (take) to
hospital. 18. Take your time before (answer). 19. I am sick and
tired of (work) here for years. 20. Don’t try to stop me from
(tattoo). 21. Let me congratulate you on (get married) to such
a nice man!
71.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïðåïîäàâàíèå — íåë¸ãêàÿ (stressful) ðàáîòà. 2. Èçó÷åíèå
èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà — ýòî äîëãèé ïðîöåññ. 3. Ñìîòðåòü òåëåâèçîð — ýòî ìîé ñïîñîá ðàññëàáèòüñÿ. 4. Ìîè óâëå÷åíèÿ —
ýòî ÷òåíèå, ïóòåøåñòâèÿ è âñòðå÷è ñ äðóçüÿìè. 5. Ïåðåñòàíüòå áîëòàòü è íà÷èíàéòå ðàáîòàòü. 6. Îíà î÷åíü ëþáèò
÷èòàòü ðóññêèõ êëàññèêîâ. 7. Âûáîð ïðîôåññèè — âàæíåéøèé
øàã â æèçíè êàæäîãî ÷åëîâåêà. 8. Ðåêòîð ïîçäðàâèë âñåõ ñ
îêîí÷àíèåì óíèâåðñèòåòà. 9. Êàæäûé äåíü ìîé áðàò îáåùàåò áðîñèòü êóðèòü, íî âñ¸-òàêè ïðîäîëæàåò ýòî äåëàòü. 10. Ÿ
ìàíåðà ðàçãîâàðèâàòü ðàçäðàæàåò âñåõ. 11. ×òî-òî ìíå íå õî÷åòñÿ ñåãîäíÿ çàíèìàòüñÿ. Êàê íàñ÷¸ò òîãî, ÷òîáû ïðîãóëÿòüñÿ? 12. Îí íå ìîã óäåðæàòüñÿ, ÷òîáû íå ñêàçàòü åé, êàê îíà
õîðîøà. 13. Ïîæàëóéñòà, âûòèðàéòå íîãè, ïðåæäå ÷åì âîéòè.
14. Ÿ âåëè÷àéøåå óäîâîëüñòâèå — ñïëåòíè÷àòü. 15. Òåðïåòü
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UNIT 71
íå ìîãó, êîãäà ìåíÿ îñòàâëÿþò îäíó ïî âûõîäíûì. 16. Ýòîò
ìþçèêë ñòîèò ïîñìîòðåòü. 17. À ñòîèò ëè âîîáùå òðàòèòü âðåìÿ íà ýòî äåëî? 18. Îíà ïîäóìûâàåò î òîì, ÷òîáû êóïèòü äîì
çà ãîðîäîì. 19. ß íå ïðîòèâ òîãî, ÷òîáû ôèíàíñîâî ïîìîãàòü
ðîäñòâåííèêàì. 20. Èçâèíèòå, ÷òî çâîíþ òàê ïîçäíî. 21. Âîéäÿ
â äîì, îíà ñðàçó æå ïî÷óâñòâîâàëà ÷òî-òî íåëàäíîå. 22. ß íå
âîçðàæàþ, ÷òîáû âû ïîëüçîâàëèñü ìîèì ïðèíòåðîì. 23. Òû
ìîæåøü óëó÷øèòü ñâî¸ ïðîèçíîøåíèå òåì, ÷òî áóäåøü ÷èòàòü âñëóõ. 24. Ïåðåñòàíü æàëîâàòüñÿ! ß ñåãîäíÿ íå â íàñòðîåíèè ñëóøàòü òåáÿ. 25. ß î÷åíü ëþáëþ íàáëþäàòü, êàê âîñõîäèò ñîëíöå. 26. Ëó÷øå ðàç óâèäåòü, ÷åì ñòî ðàç óñëûøàòü.
27. Íàçàä äîðîãè íåò. 28. Ðåá¸íîê çàñëóæèâàåò, ÷òîáû åãî ïîõâàëèëè. 29. Ìû ñîæàëååì, ÷òî ñäåëàëè ýòî. 30. Ñíÿâøè ãîëîâó, ïî âîëîñàì íå ïëà÷óò.
71.5. Дополните следующие предложения.
1. Nobody objects to ... . 2. Íå accused his boss of ... . 3. I am
not used to ... . 4. Do you insist on ... ? 5. Why do you persist
in ... ? 6. We were tired of ... . 7. You are wrong. He isn’t capable
of ... . 8. Did they succeed in ... ? 9. I never liked your idea of ... .
10. When shall we have the pleasure of ... ? 11. We are grateful to
you for ... . 12. What is the most effective method of ... ? 13. The
police accused him of ... ? 14. I found them engaged in ... . 15. We
were surprised at ... . 16. This businessman is proud of ... . 17. The
agent wasn’t used to ... . 18. Is it really worth while ... ? 19. I’m
tired. I don’t feel like ... . 20. This programmer is an expert in ... .
21. I am fond of ..., but I dislike ... . 22. She is feeling bad today.
She is not in the mood for ... . 23. Is there any sense in ... ? 24. The
hiker didn’t even take the trouble of ... . 25. What’s the use of ... ?
26. Did she really confess to ... ? 27. He very quickly got into the
habit of ... . 28. He gave up his job without ... . 29. Their relative
became worse after ... . 30. I don’t want to upset you by ... .
71.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îí îòïðàâèë íàì òåëåãðàììó âìåñòî òîãî, ÷òîáû íàïèñàòü
ïèñüìî. 2. Òðóäíî ñäåëàòü õîðîøóþ êàðüåðó áåç òîãî, ÷òîáû
352
Герундий
ìíîãî è óïîðíî ðàáîòàòü. 3. Íàø ó÷èòåëü èñïîëüçóåò ïîñëåäíèå ìåòîäû îáó÷åíèÿ èíîñòðàííûì ÿçûêàì. 4. Îáåçüÿíû áûëè
òàêèå çàáàâíûå, ÷òî ìû íå ìîãëè íå óëûáàòüñÿ. 5. ß íå äóìàþ,
÷òî îí ñïîñîáåí ñîëãàòü. 6. Ïåðåñòàíü ïåðåêëþ÷àòü òåëåâèçîð
ñ îäíîãî êàíàëà íà äðóãîé. 7. Îí èçâèíèëñÿ çà òî, ÷òî áûë
ãðóá ñ íàìè. 8. Âñåãäà íåïðèÿòíî, êîãäà ÷åëîâåê ðàçãîâàðèâàåò, íå ãëÿäÿ âàì â ãëàçà. 9. Äåâî÷êà ïëîõî ïî÷óâñòâîâàëà
ñåáÿ ïîñëå òîãî, êàê ñúåëà öåëóþ êîðîáêó êîíôåò. 10. ß íå
ïðèâûê ê òîìó, ÷òîáû ñî ìíîé òàê ðàçãîâàðèâàëè. 11. Ãèòàðó íóæíî íàñòðîèòü. 12. Âîðû çàáðàëèñü â ìàãàçèí, ðàçáèâ
îêíî. 13. Òóðèñò ïîæàëîâàëñÿ íà òî, ÷òî åìó ïðåäîñòàâèëè
î÷åíü ìàëåíüêóþ êîìíàòó â ãîñòèíèöå. 14. Ìàëü÷èê íå ïîäîø¸ë áëèçêî ê ñîáàêå. Îí áîÿëñÿ áûòü óêóøåííûì. 15. ×àñû
ïðîäîëæàëè èäòè, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî ÷òî ïåðåä ýòèì èõ óðîíèëè.
16. Òâîè âîëîñû î÷åíü äëèííûå, Àíäðåé, èõ íóæíî ïîñòðè÷ü.
17. ß íå ëþáëþ, êîãäà ëþäè êóðÿò ðÿäîì ñî ìíîé. 18. Ýòîò
ìàëü÷èê î÷åíü ñïîñîáåí ê ðèñîâàíèþ. 19. Ïîëèöåéñêèé îáâèíèë Ñýìà â òîì, ÷òî îí íåçàêîííî íîñèë îðóæèå. 20. ×òî ïîìåøàëî òåáå ïîéòè òóäà îäíîìó? 21. Òû äîëæåí îòêàçàòüñÿ îò
ìûñëè î òîì, ÷òîáû ñòàòü ðîê-ìóçûêàíòîì. 22. Ïîñëå òîãî êàê
ÿ ïðîæèë íåñêîëüêî ëåò â Àíãëèè, ÿ íàó÷èëñÿ öåíèòü äåíüãè.
23. Ñàìî ñîáîé ðàçóìååòñÿ, ÷òî âàì ïðåäîñòàâÿò âîçìîæíîñòü
ïîãîâîðèòü ñ àäâîêàòîì. 24. Îí áûë ïîëüù¸í òåì, ÷òî åãî ïðèãëàñèëè íà ýòó íîìèíàöèþ. 25. Ïîñëå òîãî êàê îí âåðíóëñÿ
äîìîé èç áîëüíèöû, îí ïîæàëîâàëñÿ, ÷òî åãî ïëîõî ëå÷èëè
(treat).
Unit
U
n iitt 7
nit
72
2
Èíôèíèòèâ è ãåðóíäèé
The Infinitive and the Gerund
Глагол
+ Герундий
+ Инфинитив
Прошлое действие или
событие
Настоящее или будущее действие
или событие
1)
remember
forget
We don’t remember ever
seeing you.
I’ll never forget flying for the
first time.
Please remember to post the
letter.
Don’t forget to feed the cat, will
you?
2)
regret
He regrets saying it.
I’ll always regret not going
to university.
I regret to say that you are not right.
We regret to inform you that you
are not accepted.
3)
stop
They stopped talking. (Они
перестали разговаривать.)
They stopped to talk. (Они
остановились, чтобы поговорить.)
Пассивное значение
4)
need
want
require
354
The windows need cleaning.
(need to be cleaned)
Your car wants washing.
This water requires filtering.
Активное значение
I need to call them.
She wants to redecorate the
kitchen.
You need to filter this water.
Инфинитив и герундий
72.1.
Закончите предложения, используя инфинитив или герундий. Употребите предлог, если необходимо.
1. There is no ... . 2. There is not much ... . 3. ... is out of the question. 4. ... would have been a mistake. 5. It’s no good ... . 6. It
is very good... . 7. There is no reason... . 8. There is no need ... .
9. Your TV-set does not need ... . 10. You needn’t ... . 11. They
were in a hurry, they couldn’t stop ... . 12. He was struck by her
beauty; he couldn’t stop ... . 13. I am used ... . 14. When a student, I used ... . 15. I can’t bear ... . 16. They couldn’t afford ... .
17. We never intended ... . 18. The weather looks like ... . 19. The
climate seems ... . 20. He began ... only when the noise subsided.
72.2. Употребите герундий или инфинитив вместо инфинитива в скобках.
Употребите предлог, если это необходимо.
1. I regret (to miss) the show. 2. We regret (to say) we are not
coming. 3. He is quite able (to take care) of himself. 4. He is
capable (to do) things you would least expect of him. 5. I don’t
like your way (to talk). 6. This is not the way (to talk). 7. It
was very useful (to hear) the different opinions. 8. It’s no use
(to argue). The matter is settled. 9. You can hardly count (to
find) everything as you would like it to be. 10. He felt that they
were hiding something from him, and he demanded (to tell) the
truth. 11. I’ll give you a chance (to try) your hand at it. 12. Shall
we have a chance (to see) you here again? 13. His time was up,
but he still went on (to talk). 14. After saying a few words about
the author himself, the lecturer went on (to speak) of his works.
15. I need spectacles (to read). 16. The print is too small; I need
glasses (to read) it with.
72.3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What do you enjoy doing in your spare time? 2. What would
you like to do tonight? 3. What must you remember to do each
day? 4. What can you remember doing when you were a child?
5. If you want to lose weight, what should you stop doing?
6. What do you regret doing in the past? 7. What did you try to
do regularly during your academic year? 8. What can you try
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UNIT 72
to do if you want to improve your English? 9. What must you
never try to do? l0. What does your car (flat, dacha) need to do
every year? 11. What do your parents always try to make you
do? 12. What can’t you give up doing? 13. What do you need to
do to make a good career? 14. What will you have to get used
to doing after you leave school (graduate from University)?
15. Where do you feel like going for your holiday?
72.4. Употребите инфинитив или герундий вместо глаголов в скобках. В некоторых случаях возможны два варианта.
1. My friend enjoys (paint). Now he wants (paint) a landscape.
2. He likes (drive), but he doesn’t like (drive). 3. She doesn’t like
(deceive) people. 4. I can’t stand (deceive) by my friends. 5. Suddenly it started (rain) hard and we stopped (look) for a shelter.
6. Bob’s parents promise (take) him to Disneyland. 7. I can’t
remember ever (promise) to marry you. 8. Little children hate
(leave) alone at home. 9. My car needs (service). 10. (Choose)
is better than (choose). 11. Please, stop (crack) nuts so loudly!
12. We stopped (buy) a packet of nuts. 13. — Did you remember (feed) the fish in the morning? — I did and stop (remind)
me about it every day. 14. Would you mind (shut) the window?
15. After the accident, the injured man came to himself in hospital. He remembered (cross) the road, but he didn’t remember
(knock down). 16. This boxer isn’t used to (beat); he is used to
(win) all the games. 17. No one enjoys (work) like a slave and
(underpay). 18. I always try (treat) people politely and I insist
on (treat) in the same manner. 19. Some workmen dislike (pay)
by cheque; they prefer (get) cash. 20. The fisherman went home
after sunset without (catch) a single fish. 21. This little girl isn’t
afraid of dogs in spite of (bite) twice. 22. We read this book in
class last year. Do you remember (read) it?
72.5. Перескажите следующие шутки в косвенной речи.
PYRAMIDS
Teacher: Now I want somebody to tell me who built the
Pyramids?
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Инфинитив и герундий
Student: I remember reading about it somewhere, but I forgot it...
Teacher: That’s a shame! You’re the only person alive who
knows it and you forgot it! And now it will remain a mystery
forever.
TOMORROW
Ken: There’s nothing like getting up at five in the morning and
taking an ice-cold shower and a five-mile jog before having
breakfast.
Bob: How did you manage to get used to doing all this, I
wonder? And how long have you been doing this?
Ken: I start tomorrow.
72.6. Дополните следующие предложения необходимыми по смыслу словами.
1. It’s difficult to succeed in life without ... . 2. We all
congratulated Martin on ... . 3. I got tired of ..., so I left the office.
4. Jeremy apologized to the journalist for ... . 5. My Grandpa still
walks five miles a day in spite of ... . 6. I don’t think he’s capable
of ... . 7. People should try to save some of their money instead
of ... . 8. I turned off the TV-set after ... . 9. She didn’t want to
go home, but her friend insisted on ... . 10. He is very shy. He
isn’t used to ... . 11. We listened to the talk show without ... .
12. The waitress complained of ... . 13. The prisoner who escaped
was free for only a few hours before ... . 14. The careless driver
had to choose between ... . 15. She caught a cold by ... . 16. The
child got sick after ... . 17. I’m sorry if I passed you in the street
without ... . 18. He is always in debt in spite of ... . 19. He failed
the test by ... . 20. I’m afraid I’m not very good at... . 21. There is
no sense in ... .
72.7. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Îáó÷åíèå ðóññêîìó ÿçûêó — ìîÿ ðàáîòà. 2. Îí î÷åíü ñòàðàåòñÿ, íî íå ìîæåò áðîñèòü êóðèòü. 3. — Íå âîçðàæàåòå, åñëè
ÿ çàäàì âàì ïàðó âîïðîñîâ? — ß ñåãîäíÿ íå â íàñòðîåíèè
îòâå÷àòü íà âîïðîñû æóðíàëèñòîâ. 4. Áåã — õîðîøèé ñïî357
UNIT 72
ñîá ïîõóäåòü. 5. Êîøêà ïðîäîëæàëà êàðàáêàòüñÿ ïî äåðåâó.
6. Ïîðà íà÷àòü ðàáîòàòü. 7. Íå çàñòàâëÿéòå êëèåíòîâ æäàòü.
8. Åãî óâëå÷åíèå — êîëëåêöèîíèðîâàíèå áàáî÷åê. 9. Ìåáåëü
íóæíî ïðîïûëåñîñèòü, öâåòû ïîëèòü, ñòàðûå âåùè âûáðîñèòü.
10. Âñå âèäåëè, êàê îí îòêðûâàë ñåéô, íî íèêòî íå âèäåë,
÷òîáû îí åãî çàêðûë. 11. Òåðïåòü íå ìîãó äåëàòü ïîêóïêè.
12. ß âñ¸ åù¸ õî÷ó ïèòü, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî ÷òî ÿ âûïèëà ÷åòûðå
÷àøêè ÷àÿ. 13. Îí î÷åíü äîëãî äóìàë, ïðåæäå ÷åì îòâåòèòü.
14. Ãäå ìîé ñëîâàðü? Òû çàáûë, ÷òî áðàë ó ìåíÿ åãî íåäåëþ
íàçàä? 15. Ìû ñäåëàåì ïåðåðûâ, íî ïðåæäå òû äîëæåí çàêîí÷èòü ïèñàòü äîêëàä. 16. Îíà òåðïåòü íå ìîæåò õîäèòü ïåøêîì,
íî íå ìîæåò ïîçâîëèòü ñåáå âçÿòü òàêñè. 17. Âðà÷è è ñåñòðû
ïðèâûêëè ðàáîòàòü ïî íî÷àì. 18. Ìàëåíüêèå äåâî÷êè î÷åíü
ëþáÿò èãðàòü â êóêëû. 19. Áîëüøèíñòâî äåòåé ëþáÿò, êîãäà èõ
âîäÿò â çîîïàðê. 20. Ýòîò ìàëü÷èê î÷åíü ïðîêàçëèâ, íåñìîòðÿ
íà òî, ÷òî åãî ÷àñòî íàêàçûâàþò.
72.8.
Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. Прокомментируйте неличные формы глагола.
1. It’s one of those bright sunny mornings that make you feel
that London really is the best city in the world. 2. When we
were students, we thought that the world was waiting for us.
We believed that there were planes to catch, lovers to meet,
music to be heard, adventures to be had, beaches to be danced
on at down! 3. Our friends all thought that we were too young
to get married. 4. His mobile phone began to vibrate. 5. He won
her heart without any trying. 6. — I just want you to be happy,
Cyd. — Then leave me alone, Harry. Let me run my business.
Let me try to do something for myself. Stop trying to make me
give it all up. 7. Spaghetti is a quick dish to prepare. 8. Stop
thinking about TV for five minutes, will you? 9. A good nanny
is hard to find. 10. People need time to adapt to change. 11. He
wanted this to be the surprise of her life. 12. Ted knew he had
no chance of making progress. 13. I want to watch something
mindless on television. 14. Half the time she forgets to even take
her mobile with her, let alone switch it on. 15. Stop worrying
about the things that are not important and start living.
Un
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3
Ïðè÷àñòèå I (4-ÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà)
Participle I
Время
Действительный залог
Страдательный залог
Переходные глаголы
Indefinite
Perfect
doing
having done
being done
having been done
Непереходные глаголы
Indefinite
Perfect
coming
having come
—
—
We watched the setting sun. They stood looking around.
I saw him playing golf in the afternoon.
Ïðè÷àñòèå II (3-ÿ ôîðìà ãëàãîëà)
Participle II
Причастие прошедшего времени имеет всего одну форму — done, written,
translated и т.д. Оно передаёт значение страдательного залога: сделанный, написанный, переведённый и употребляется для образования всех перфектных
времён и страдательного залога.
a grown-up man — a man grown-up in poverty
I am shocked. We are bored. They are scared. You are mistaken1.
1
Ïîëíûé ñïèñîê ôðàç ñì. Unit 29.
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Фразы:
1. to have something done (кто-то другой будет выполнять действие).
I want to have my hair cut.
We had the film videotaped.
He had his computer connected to the Internet.
She had her wedding televized.
2. to get + Participle II
get married, get dressed, get lost, get changed и т.д.
73.1. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на причастие I.
1. I saw you dancing, and I’ll never be the same again! 2. Not
knowing Chinese, I had to ask the interpreter to help me.
3. There was a freezing cold wind on that day. 4. I spent the
evening chatting to my guests. 5. As I got into the bar, I felt my
spirits rising. 6. Meg was busy microwaving pizza slices. 7. She
lay awake all night, trembling with fear, imagining ghosts in
every corner. 8. Sue spends all her time enjoying herself at
different parties. 9. Madagascar is a living zoo. 10. The cat lay
sleeping on the floor. 11. Picking up his suitcase, he went out.
12. Being a designer, he visited all the fashion shows. 13. Not
wanting to upset her, he went on cracking jokes. 14. She noticed
a handsome grandfather clock standing in the corner. 15. They
watched the sun setting. 16. On the doorstep, Harry Potter
slept on, not knowing that he was special, not knowing he was
famous, not knowing he would soon become the most famous
boy in the world.
73.2. Употребите инфинитив или причастие I вместо глаголов в скобках.
1. In the morning I looked out of the window and saw the
rain (pour) down on the garden. 2. Speaking on the phone, I
failed to see the guests (leave). 3. I saw the plate (slip) from
her hand and (fall) to the floor. 4. He was silent, staring at
her, and she could almost hear his mind (work). 5. When they
saw me (come), they sprang apart. 6. He sat for a long time
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Причастие II (3-я форма глагола)
(wander) in a world of dreams. 7. Linda followed her sister (talk)
non-stop. 8. She glanced back and saw a stranger (follow) her
slowly. 9. When I returned to the hostel from the University, I
found my roommates (have) a surprise party. 10. The parents
watched their children (laugh, talk and enjoy) themselves in
the swimming-pool. 11. We noticed him (stand up) and quickly
(leave) the room. 12. I walk happily along the streets of Moscow
in early morning (watch) the city come to life. 13. Some time
later he noticed a police car (follow) him. 14. I smelled the coffee
(boil) and hurried to the kitchen. 15. She caught herself (think)
about him again. 16. Suddenly they heard the night alarm (go
off) and saw two guards (run) to the entrance of the bank.
73.3. Прочитайте следующие шутки и перескажите их.
A TRACKER1
A man walking along the road saw a tracker lying with his ear
to the ground. He got interested and also lay down on the earth
and listened, but couldn’t hear anything. The tracker said, “It
was a Ford pickup truck, with large wheels, of green colour. It
was driven by a man with a large police dog sitting next to him
and with a Colorado license plate, and travelling about 75 miles
per hour.”
The man was greatly surprised. “You mean you can tell all that
just by listening with your ear to the ground? Without seeing
the car at all?” he asked.
“Oh, ear to the ground is nothing,” said the tracker. “That truck
has just run over me.”
A WRECK
After having been unemployed for some time, two truck drivers
applied for a job. One said, “I’m Pete, and this is my partner
Mike; when I drive at night, he sleeps.” Wanting to see how
good they were at their job, the agent said, “All right, all the
drivers are used to having a test before getting a job. Now I’ll
1
a tracker — ñëåäîïûò.
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give you an oral test. It’s three o’clock in the morning. You’re
on a little bridge and your truck is loaded with nitroglycerin.
All of a sudden you see a truck coming toward you at a high
speed. What’s the first thing you do?”
Without even thinking for a moment, Peter answered, “I wake
up my partner Mike. He has never seen a wreck like this
before.”
73.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ñòóäåíòû, ñòîÿùèå ó îêíà, âòîðîêóðñíèêè. 2. Îí ïî÷óâñòâîâàë, êàê ó íåãî çàêîëîòèëîñü ñåðäöå. 3. Òû êîãäà-íèáóäü ñëûøàëà, êàê îí ãîâîðèò ïî-àíãëèéñêè? 4. Ïðîñìàòðèâàÿ îò÷¸òû,
îíà îáíàðóæèëà íåñêîëüêî îøèáîê. 5. Íå æåëàÿ ññîðèòüñÿ ñ
íåé, îí ïðîìîë÷àë. 6. Íå çíàÿ íè èìåíè, íè àäðåñà äåâóøêè, îí áîÿëñÿ, ÷òî íèêîãäà íå íàéä¸ò å¸. 7. Îïàäàâøèå ëèñòüÿ
ïîêðûâàëè çåìëþ ñëîâíî êîâðîì. 8. Ìàøèíà, ñòîÿâøàÿ íàïðîòèâ äîìà, èñ÷åçëà. 9. Ëþäè, ñòîÿùèå íàïðîòèâ îôèñà, êàæóòñÿ ìíå ïîäîçðèòåëüíûìè. 10. Åãî âíèìàíèå ïðèâëåêëà äåâóøêà, ñèäåâøàÿ çà ñîñåäíèì ñòîëèêîì â êàôå. 11. Äåâóøêà,
ñèäåâøàÿ íàïðîòèâ íåãî â âàãîíå, âñòàëà è âûøëà íà ñëåäóþùåé îñòàíîâêå. 12. Âåðòîë¸ò, ëåòÿùèé íàä øîññå, ïðåñëåäóåò
÷¸ðíûé äæèï. 13. Ñàìîë¸ò, ëåòåâøèé â Àðàáñêèå Ýìèðàòû,
èñ÷åç ÷àñ íàçàä. 14. ×åðåç îòêðûòóþ äâåðü ìû ìîãëè âèäåòü
ñòóäåíòîâ, ðåïåòèðîâàâøèõ ñëåäóþùèé ÊÂÍ. 15. ß âèäåë, êàê
òû òàíöóåøü, è ÿ íèêîãäà ýòîãî íå çàáóäó. 16. Íå æåëàÿ ïðèâëåêàòü ÷üåãî-ëèáî âíèìàíèÿ, àãåíò çàòåðÿëñÿ â òîëïå.
73.5. Измените предложения, используя причастие II.
1. The tourist was arrested for shoplifting. She had to pay a
fine. 2. Napoleon was born in 1769. He was Emperor of France.
3. Nancy went to the party. Her boyfriend accompanied her.
4. The events which are described in this book are purely fictional. 5. The castle, which was built five hundred years ago,
stood on a hill. 6. He applied for a job. It was advertised in
the paper. 7. The American bought a picture. It was painted
by Dali. 8. His words had the effect which he desired. 9. The
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Причастие II (3-я форма глагола)
church was built in the fifteenth century. It’s in need of repair.
10. They sent us an e-mail. But I can’t find it. 11. She found an
old letter. It changed her life. 12. They were disappointed with
the meal. They complained to the manager. 13. You borrowed
the books from the library. They are now overdue. 14. A dress
was displayed in the window. It was fantastic.
73.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ìåòðî îáû÷íî ïåðåïîëíåíî ïî óòðàì è âå÷åðàì. 2. Îí âûãëÿäèò îçàáî÷åííûì. Ó íåãî óãíàëè ìàøèíó. 3. — Îíà çàìóæåì? — Íåò, îíà ðàçâåäåíà. 4. Îí î÷åíü ïðåäàí ñâîåé ñåìüå.
5. Ÿ î÷åíü îáèäåëè. Ÿ ñåðäöå ðàçáèòî. 6. Âû îøèáàåòåñü. Îíà
äåéñòâèòåëüíî èíòåðåñóåòñÿ ÿçûêàìè. 7. Ýòà ïîäñòàâêà ñäåëàíà èç ïðîáêè. 8. Ó÷èòåëü î÷åíü äîâîëåí ðåçóëüòàòàìè ýêçàìåíà. 9. Îìëåò äåëàåòñÿ èç ÿèö, ìîëîêà, ñîëè, íåìíîãî ìóêè.
10. ß óñòàëà îò ýòîé æèçíè. Ìíå ñêó÷íî. ß ðàçî÷àðîâàíà â
ëþäÿõ. 11. Áîêñ¸ðó áðîñèëè âûçîâ ñûãðàòü åù¸ îäèí ðàóíä.
12. Äåòè áûëè âçâîëíîâàíû ïðåäñòîÿùèì ïîñåùåíèåì öèðêà. 13. Ñìåòàíó äåëàþò èç ìîëîêà. 14. Äåòè áûëè ïåðåïóãàíû,
ñëîâíî îíè óâèäåëè ïðèâèäåíèå. 15. Ïàöèåíò áûë ïîäãîòîâëåí
ê îïåðàöèè. 16. Òðèäöàòü ÷åëîâåê óòîíóëè â Ìîñêâà-ðåêå â
ïðîøëîì ãîäó. 17. ß áûë î÷åíü óäèâë¸í òåì, ÷òî áàíê áûë çàêðûò â 12 ÷àñîâ äíÿ. 18. Ìîþ ìàøèíó ýâàêóèðîâàëè èç öåíòðà
ãîðîäà (to tow away). Ïðèøëîñü ïëàòèòü øòðàô. 19. ß ðàçáèò. ß èçìó÷åí. Åäèíñòâåííîå, ÷åãî ÿ õî÷ó, — ýòî îòäîõíóòü.
20. Ðàìà êàðòèíû ñäåëàíà èç îðåõà.
73.7.
Дополните следующие предложения, используя get (have) something
done.
1. I must get to the optician’s to ... . 2. She went to the dentist
to ... . 3. This coat is too long. I will ... . 4. The piano is out of
tune. You must ... . 5. Teresa will have to run to the chemist’s
to ... . 6. Hard work is the best way to ... . 7. As Bill couldn’t find
a suit to fit him, he had to ... . 8. This article is too long, I shall
never ... . 9. If someone touched a hot iron, they ... . 10. The work
of a lazy man never ... . 11. Let us ... this business ... as soon as
possible. 12. You will ruin your reputation if ... . 13. I must take
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my dog Patrick to the vet’s to ... . 14. Peter’s wife can’t stand his
beard. So he is going to the barber’s to ... . 15. We need a special
cake for the wedding. We must go to the confectioner’s to ... .
73.8. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Äåðåâüÿ, ïîñàæåííûå ðÿäîì ñ ìîèì äîìîì äåñÿòü ëåò íàçàä, ñòàëè ñåé÷àñ î÷åíü áîëüøèìè. 2. ×åëîâåê, ïîäñòðèãàþùèé òðàâêó â ñàäó, íàø ñàäîâíèê. 3. Ðåá¸íîê, îñòàâëåííûé íà
ïîðîãå äîìà, îêàçàëñÿ ÷óäåñíîé äåâî÷êîé. 4. Ðåêëàìèðóåìûå
òîâàðû íå âñåãäà áûâàþò õîðîøåãî êà÷åñòâà. 5. Ïðèøëà âåñíà. Íóæíî ìûòü îêíà. 6. Îíè ïåðååõàëè â íîâûé ðàéîí, è èì
ïîêà íå óñòàíîâèëè òåëåôîí. 7. Ìíå ïîäàðèëè ñåðüãè. Íóæíî
ïðîêîëîòü óøè. 8. Óïàâøåå äåðåâî ïðåãðàäèëî (block) äîðîãó.
9. Ìîè äðóçüÿ ñîáèðàþòñÿ îêðåñòèòü ñâîåãî ðåá¸íêà â ñëåäóþùåå âîñêðåñåíüå. 10. Ðîçû, ñðåçàííûå óòðîì, óæå óâÿëè.
11. Íàì äîñòàâèëè ïèööó ïðÿìî â îôèñ ÷åðåç äâàäöàòü ìèíóò. 12. Íà äíÿõ ìíå ïîäñîåäèíèëè êîìïüþòåð ê Èíòåðíåòó.
13.  ñòðàíå äîëæíî áûòü áîëüøå ðàáî÷èõ ìåñò (âàêàíñèé)
äëÿ áåçðàáîòíûõ ëþäåé. 14. Ãäå òû ñòðèãëàñü? Ó òåáÿ ÷óäåñíàÿ ïðè÷¸ñêà. 15. Ýòîò ïîëèòèê îáåùàåò, ÷òî áóäåò âñåãäà ïîìîãàòü óíèæåííûì è îñêîðáë¸ííûì. 16. Ìíîãèå ëþäè ïðîòèâ
ãåíåòè÷åñêè ìîäèôèöèðîâàííûõ ïðîäóêòîâ.
73.9. Прокомментируйте причастия в следующих предложениях.
1. It was nature tamed by man. 2. The reporter said he needed
updated information. 3. The money spent by advertisers is
enormous. 4. Forgotten memories rushed back to her clearly.
5. Sitting down at the table, she waited for him to pour the
tea. 6. Tom looked wounded. 7. “My stupid shoe,” says Katie.
“I only had it mended the other day, and the heel has just
come off. I paid six quid for that heel.” 8. Once bitten, twice
very wary. 9. Jessi is a super-talented ballet dancer. 10. We
arrived at the airport an hour before recommended check-in
time. 11. There are some unwritten rules at this office. 12. The
books had dog-eared corners. 13. Once a computer was set the
task of translating “traffic jam” into French and then back into
English. The machine buzzed, clicked, blinked its lights and
finally came up with “car-flavoured marmalade”.
Unit
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Ïîâòîðåíèå
Revision
74.1. Употребите инфинитив или герундий вместо глаголов в скобках.
1. Íå forgot (bring) the cassette, he left it in the car. 2. You are
late again! Have you forgotten (promise) that you would always
come on time? 3. The tank is empty. It needs (fill). 4. I remember
(meet) him for the first time ten years ago. 5. You must remember (meet) them at the airport tonight. 6. I’m ashamed. I completely forgot (answer) her letter. 7. The secretary completely
forgot (answer) the fax and sent it a second time. 8. She used
to teach her children, “You must never forget (say) the magic
words: Please, Thank you and I’m sorry.” 9. I’m not going to pay
this telephone bill again. I clearly remember (pay) it a month
ago 10. This carpet on the floor looks dusty again. I must remember (vacuum) it on Saturday. 11. He was so surprised that
he even stopped (chew). 12. The driver stopped in the middle of
the road (check) the tyres. 13. The child stopped (cry) after his
father stopped (buy) him an ice-cream. 14. Now he regrets (say)
those words to her. 15. We regret (inform) you that the result of
the test is negative. 16. You must remember (call) at the baker’s
on your way home. 17. Could you stop (talk) for a moment?
18. On the way to work we sometimes stop (have a chat).
74.2. Прочитайте и перескажите следующие шутки.
IDEAS
A well-known American journalist travelling in China was asked
one day to speak before a Chinese audience. He agreed without
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even asking to be paid for it. He started speaking about the
latest events in the world. He went on speaking for some time
enjoying the friendly atmosphere. At one moment he noticed a
Chinese man in a corner, writing something on a blackboard.
He became interested and while speaking, watched the man
writing in Chinese. The man wrote less and less, and finally
stopped writing completely. When the journalist had finished
speaking, he asked the chairman what the man had been doing.
“Why,” said the chairman, “he was interpreting your speech
to let the audience understand what you were speaking about
because not all of them understand English.” “But,” said the
speaker, “for the last twenty minutes he did not put anything
down.” “Oh,” said the chairman, “he was writing only the ideas
on the blackboard.”
A CLEVER POLITICIAN
While delivering a speech on the night of his arrival in a large
city, a visiting politician told several anecdotes which he was
going to repeat at some meetings the next day. As he had
an intention of using the jokes again, he asked the reporters
not to mention them in any of the articles published in their
newspapers. A witty reporter, not wanting to spoil his relations
with the promising public figure found a way out. In commenting
on the speech, he ended his article by saying: “The politician told
the Mass Media a number of stories that cannot be published.”
74.3. Употребите правильную форму глаголов в скобках.
A GRAMMAR MANIAC
This George Keller, an immigrant from Hungary, is driving me
mad. In all the years of my study at Harvard, I not (have) such
a strange roommate. He not (be) here for two months, but he
already (study) like a maniac for all his courses. When I wake up
at 8:00 a.m., he already (work) hard, having long before eaten
breakfast. George borrowed fifty bucks from me and (buy) a
portable recorder which he now (take) to every class. Now in
the afternoons he (play) back the lectures — and sometimes not
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Повторение
just once — till he practically (know) them by heart. Lots are in
Russian. Which may be great for him, but it (make) me (feel) as
if I suddenly (live) in Russia.
I have no idea what time he (go) to bed. I not (see) him (do)
it a single time in these two months. In fact, I have a great
suspicion that the guy not (sleep) at all! And I (have) this really
weird experience late the other night. After a hard session of
drinking, at the club nature obliged me to get up at around
2:00 a.m. As I (stand) in the bathroom (take) care of my needs,
I suddenly (hear) his ghostly voice (come) from the shower,
(say) things like “begin — began — begun, bite — bit — bitten,
sing — sang — sung”.
I (call) out to George, but, instead of (answer) me directly, he
simply (go on) (rehearse) his verbs. My surprise (be) so great that
I (pull) back the shower curtain. There, naked except for his new
a la mode jockey shorts, George (stand). He (hold) an English
Grammar. I (expect) him (stop) (learn) English, but he barely
(notice) me (look) at him and (continue) (hammer) new words
into his head. I warned him that he (drive) himself to death. To
which he (reply), “Drive — drove — driven.” In vain I (try) to
persuade him to stop it. Though I (be) very sleepy, I (go) to the
sink, (pick) up a glass of cold water, and (pour) it over his head.
He (shiver), (look) at me with comatose astonishment, then (rip)
the curtain from my hand and (continue) his verbal gymnastics.
“Show — showed — shown, speak — spoke — spoken.”
I (shut) the bathroom door tight behind me so that at least I
(can) (have) some peace, (stagger) back to my bed and (fall)
asleep, Or, as George, perhaps, (put) it, sleep — slept — slept.
(From “The Class” by Erich Segal)
74.4. Употребите правильную форму глаголов в скобках. Употребите предлог, если необходимо.
1. Do you remember (say) it a few months ago? 2. We are tired
(push around). 3. Who is responsible (clean) the rooms? 4. The
whole house needs (redecorate). 5. She loved (sing) at the top
of her voice. 6. Congratulations on (pass) your driving test!
7. I am not afraid (misunderstand). 8. Have you finished (talk)
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yet? 9. Nobody wants Laura (hurt). 10. “Money should (make) to
work,” she announced. 11. As a financial man you should know
that money is a tool (use) to make more money. 12. The candidates waited for the questions (distribute). 13. Are you afraid
(punish)? 14. We all enjoyed (swim) in the lake. 15. She knew
what (do) to preserve it all. 16. Justice should (do). It must (do)
in the name of those millions who died. 17. What can’t (cure),
must (endure).
74.5. Прочитайте следующие шутки и перескажите их в косвенной речи.
ELEPHANT THE ROBBER
A jeweller watched a huge truck pull up in front of his store.
The back came down and he saw an elephant walk out. It
broke one of the windows with its tusk1 and then, using the
trunk2 like a vacuum-cleaner, sucked up all the jewellery. The
elephant then got back into the truck and it disappeared out of
sight. When the jeweller finally realized what had happened, he
called the police.
The detectives came, and he told them his story. “Could you
describe the elephant?” one of the detectives said. “An elephant
is an elephant. If you’ve seen one, you’ve seen them all. What
do you mean by saying ‘describe him’?” asked the jeweller.
“Well,” said the policeman, “there are two kinds of elephants,
African and Indian. The Indian elephant has smaller ears and is
not as large as the African elephant.”
The jeweller said, “I can’t help you. He had a stocking pulled
over his head.”
CONFIDENCE
A burglar, who needed money badly to pay his income taxes,
decided to burgle the safe in a store. On the safe door he was
very pleased to find a note saying, “Please don’t use dynamite.
The safe is not locked. Just turn the knob.” He did so.
1
2
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a tusk [tțsk] — êëûê, áèâåíü.
a trunk [trțńk] — õîáîò.
Повторение
Instantly a heavy sandbag fell on him, the lights flashed and
the alarms started ringing. As the police carried him out on
a stretcher, he was heard moaning, “My confidence in human
nature has been rudely shaken today!”
74.6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïåíèå ìîæåò ïðèíåñòè âàì ìíîãî õîðîøåãî. Ïåíèå ìîæåò
èçáàâèòü (take away) âàñ îò ñòðåññà, îíî ìîæåò çàñòàâèòü âàñ
ïî÷óâñòâîâàòü ñåáÿ ñ÷àñòëèâûì, äàòü âàì ýíåðãèþ. 2. ß ñåãîäíÿ íå â íàñòðîåíèè êóäà-òî âûõîäèòü. 3. ß ïîáëàãîäàðèë äðóçåé çà òî, ÷òî îíè äàëè ìíå òàêîé õîðîøèé ñîâåò. 4. Îí óø¸ë,
íè ñ êåì íå ïîïðîùàâøèñü. 5. Ñòóäåíòû îáû÷íî ñ íåòåðïåíèåì æäóò ëåòíèõ êàíèêóë. 6. Ÿ ìàíåðà îäåâàòüñÿ ðàçäðàæàåò ìíîãèõ ëþäåé. 7. Îí ïîëó÷àåò óäîâîëüñòâèå îò òîãî, ÷òî ïî
âå÷åðàì ãóëÿåò ñ ñîáàêîé â ïàðêå. 8. Âû íå âîçðàæàåòå ïðîòèâ òîãî, ÷òîáû îòêðûòü îêíî? 9. Îíà ïîêèíóëà åãî, íè÷åãî íå
îáúÿñíèâ. 10. Ìû ðàññ÷èòûâàëè íà òî, ÷òî ïðèëåòèì â Ïàðèæ
äî íî÷è. 11. Îñóæä¸ííîìó äàëè ïîñëåäíåå ñëîâî. 12. Îáëàêà,
ïëûâóùèå ïî íåáó, îáåùàëè äîæäü. 13. Îí èñïîëüçîâàë ëþáîé øàíñ ïðåóñïåòü â æèçíè. 14. Êàêîé ñàìûé ïðîñòîé è áûñòðûé ñïîñîá âûó÷èòü èíîñòðàííûé ÿçûê? 15. Ëåêàðñòâî, âûïèñàííîå âðà÷îì, ïîìîãëî ìíå áûñòðî ïîïðàâèòüñÿ. 16. Óâÿäøàÿ ðîçà — ñèìâîë äàâíî çàáûòîé ëþáâè. 17. Ìû íå ìîãëè íå âîñõèùàòüñÿ ìàøèíîé, ñêîíñòðóèðîâàííîé ïî ïîñëåäíåé ìîäåëè. 18. Îí íå ïðèâûê ê òîìó, ÷òîáû ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ïîäåðæàííûìè ìàøèíàìè. 19. Ñàìî ñîáîé ðàçóìååòñÿ, ÷òî ÿ íå
îòêàæóñü îò èäåè ðàññëåäîâàòü ýòî çàïóòàííîå äåëî. 20. Ðåá¸íîê ïëàêàë íàä ðàçáèòîé èãðóøêîé. 21. Ïåðåñòàíü æå èñêàòü óòðà÷åííóþ ëþáîâü! 22. Äàâàé ñ÷èòàòü âîïðîñ çàêðûòûì.
23. Â÷åðà ìíå ïðîÿâèëè ïë¸íêó, äàâàé ïîñìîòðèì ôîòîãðàôèè. 24. Ìû öåíèì âñå óñèëèÿ, ñäåëàííûå âàìè.
74.7.
Употребите правильную форму глаголов в скобках и перескажите
рассказ.
THE MOONLIGHT SONATA
It was a warm summer evening. A young composer (rest) in a
small village in Austria. One evening he (walk) along the street
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(enjoy) the fine weather. Suddenly he (hear) somebody (start)
(play) the piano. He (go) in the direction of the sounds and soon
(find) himself in front of a small house. He (stop) (listen) to
the music (come) from the open windows. The music (sound)
sad and beautiful. He never (hear) it before. Through the open
window he (can) (see) a girl (sit) at the piano. It (get) dark and
he (can) not (see) the girl’s face well. Not (want) to disturb her,
the composer (enter) without (knock). He (see) a young man
(stand) near the fireplace and (listen) to the music.
The girl heard somebody (come) into the house and stopped
(play). The composer apologized for (come) without (invite). He
explained that he (can) not (help) (do) it as he (charm) by the
music. The girl turned round and he saw that she (be) blind.
“We are happy to see you,” (say) the young man (smile). “You
are a famous composer, we (hear) so much about you. And we
(look forward) to (meet) you. I am Walter and this is my sister
Angelica”. The composer (amaze): he never (expect) anyone
blind to be able to play the piano so well. “We (be) happy if you
(play) for us, maestro,” said the happy girl (rise) from the stool
on which she (sit). Ludwig (sit) down to the piano and (begin)
(play) for Walter and Angelica. He (go on) (play) till it (get) dark
and a young silver moon (appear) in the sky. For a moment
the composer (stop) (play) (blow off) the candle as the Moon
(shine) brightly now. Ludwig (begin) (compose) new music. The
young people heard wonderful sounds (come) from under the
pianist’s fingers. The music was unbelievably beautiful, sad and
romantic. That night they saw how a masterpiece (be born).
That was how “The Moonlight Sonata” (create).
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Ïðåäëîãè
Prepositions
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
besides
between
beyond
but
by
despite
down
during
except
for
from
in
in front of
inside
into
like
near
next to
of
off
on
opposite
out (of )
outside
over
past
round
since
through
throughout
till
to
toward(s)
under
until
up
upon
with
within
without
above, across, against, along, among, around, at, behind, below, beneath,
beside, between, beyond, by, down, from, in, in front of, inside, into, near, next
to, off, on, opposite, out (of ), outside, over, past, round, through, to, toward(s),
under, up, upon
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75.1. Заполните пропуски предлогами in, into, inside, outside, out (of), behind,
in front of.
1. All my Christmas presents are ...................... a big bright box. 2. She
sat ...................... an armchair with her legs crossed. 3. The keys must
be ...................... the bag. 4. If you pour hot water ...................... a glass,
it may crack. 5. He put the money ...................... his pocket. 6. A man
was selling roses ...................... cellophane. 7. The sick woman was
still ...................... bed ...................... hospital. 8. Will you call later? Ted
is ...................... the bathroom at the moment. 9. He had a mobile
...................... his hand. 10. She put a cigarette ...................... her mouth.
11. The patient went on breathing ...................... and ...................... .
12. She invited the guests ...................... her house. 13. Be careful!
There is a stone ...................... this fruit. 14. She’s just got ......................
bed and is having a cold shower. 15. They were ...................... each
other’s arms. 16. Two minutes later we were safely ...................... the
taxi. 17. One of the pistons ...................... the engine had jammed.
18. The dog fell ...................... a ditch. 19. At eleven o’clock the
children finally got ...................... bed. 20. It dropped ...................... the
sky. 21. — Shall we have dinner ...................... or ...................... today?
22. There aren’t any sport centres ...................... the area. 23. The kids
are ...................... . They are playing ...................... the garden. 24. Fires
started ...................... and ...................... the theatre. 25. The helicopter
rose high ...................... the air. 26. Why didn’t you lock the door
from the ...................... ? 27. There was a carpet ...................... the middle
of the room. 28. They started ...................... the direction of the river.
29. It happened ...................... America ...................... the 19th century.
30. They have all the information ...................... their heads. 31. There
is a lawn ...................... the house and a kitchen garden ...................... it.
32. There was a parking ...................... the supermarket. 33. We were
sitting just ...................... the stage. 34. The sun was ...................... a cloud.
35. Mrs. Oliver shut the door firmly ...................... her.
75.2. Заполните пропуски предлогами in, into, inside, outside, out (of), in front
of, behind.
1. “Come ......................,” he shouted. 2. And now get ......................, all
of you! 3. She locked herself ...................... the bathroom. 4. There
was a message for him ...................... the hall. 5. He’s never ......................
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when I phone. 6. The children ran ...................... and ...................... all the
time. 7. I was tired of standing ...................... the door and begged
them to let me ...................... . 8. The maid brought ...................... the
lunch. 9. She tossed the bottle ...................... the river. 10. How
much is the hat ...................... the window? 11. He doesn’t want to
live ...................... England. 12. Martin was ...................... his pyjamas.
13. They met ...................... the last act of the play. 14. We all took
part ...................... the festival. 15. He followed Brian ...................... the
room. 16. She inhaled deeply and held the smoke ...................... her
lungs for a few seconds. 17. All the American tourists were
...................... T-shirts and shorts. 18. There are many fish ......................
the Atlantic. 19. They dived ...................... the water. 20. I was born
...................... April. 21. ...................... recent years this program has been
strongly criticized. 22. I love Paris ...................... the spring. 23. It all
happened ...................... my absence. 24. “Get ...................... the water,
children,” the mother cried. 25. It’s raining hard ...................... , it’s
so pleasant to be ...................... . 26. He learnt to drive ...................... six
months. 27. ...................... another five minutes it’ll be pitch dark.
28. I haven’t seen him ...................... years. 29. Don’t stand ......................
the door, come ...................... the house, please. 30. You can’t go
home ...................... all this rain. 31. A sound ...................... him made him
turn back. 32. The cops marched ...................... the demonstrators.
33. I couldn’t see the stage well. There was a tall man sitting
...................... me. 34. I can’t forgive him. He did it ...................... my
back. 35. They parked the motorcycle ...................... some bushes.
75.3. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. ×òî âû âèäèòå íà ýòîé êàðòèíå? 2. Ñåãîäíÿ íà íåáå íåò
íè åäèíîãî îáëà÷êà. 3. Ëîøàäè ïàñóòñÿ â ïîëå. 4. Ìîÿ ñåìüÿ
æèâ¸ò íà Ëåñíîé óëèöå. 5. Íà ýòîé êàðòèíå ìû âèäèì äåòåé, áåãóùèõ îò ãðîçû. 6. ß â ýòîì áèçíåñå óæå äâàäöàòü ëåò.
7. Ïèñüìî áûëî íàïèñàíî ïî-ôðàíöóçñêè. 8. Ïåðåä íàìè áûë
äîì ìèñòåðà Ãàðäíåðà. 9. Ìû ÷óâñòâîâàëè, ÷òî áûëî ÷òî-òî
ñòðàííîå çà å¸ ñëîâàìè. 10. Âû âåðèòå â ïðèâèäåíèÿ? 11. Ïðåçèäåíò Áóø äåëàåò ìíîãî îøèáîê â ñâîèõ ðå÷àõ. 12. Ìû çàñòàëè åãî â î÷åíü ïëîõîì íàñòðîåíèè. 13. Íîâàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ
ìîæåò áûòü âïå÷àòàíà. 14. — ßðêèå öâåòà âñ¸ åù¸ â ìîäå? —
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Îíè âñåãäà â ìîäå. 15. Çàãîâîðùèêàì ïðèøëîñü îòñèæèâàòüñÿ
âíóòðè äîìà, îíè íå ìîãëè âûéòè íàðóæó. 16. ß ñåãîäíÿ ðàññëàáëÿþñü. Ñèæó ïåðåä òåëåâèçîðîì ñ ÷àøêîé ÷àÿ â îäíîé
ðóêå è ñ ïóëüòîì óïðàâëåíèÿ â äðóãîé. 17. Ìû âñå âåðèì â
ëó÷øèé ìèð. 18. ß â òðóäíîì ïîëîæåíèè, íî óâåðåí, ÷òî âûáåðóñü èç íåãî. 19. Êóñòû â ñàäó áûëè â öâåòó. 20. Äàâàé ïîäåëèì áàíàí ïîïîëàì. 21. Ïî-ìîåìó, ýòî õîðîøàÿ ìûñëü. 22. Âàì
ñëåäóåò äåðæàòü ñâîè êîíñïåêòû ïåðåä ñîáîé. 23. ×òî ýòî òû
ñêðûâàåøü çà ñïèíîé? 24. Íî êàê ÿ ìîã ðàññêàçàòü îá ýòîì â
ïðèñóòñòâèè (ïåðåä...) âñåõ ýòèõ ëþäåé? 25. Îí äîñòàë äåíüãè
èç êàðìàíà è ïîëîæèë èõ â ñåéô.
75.4. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.
1. She got ...................... the car and drove off. 2. The boy had lost
his key but he managed to climb ...................... the house through
the kitchen window. 3. A plane was flying ...................... the blue
sky. 4. I love walking ...................... the rain. 5. — Why didn’t you
take part ...................... the conference? — I was ...................... town
6. My friend is interested ...................... management. 7. Let’s divide
the pie ...................... three pieces. 8. Why is she always dressed
...................... black? 9. We usually meet ...................... this cafe’. 10. I went
to see my cousin who lives ...................... Prague. 11. I can’t see the
TV if you stand ...................... it. 12. Could you translate this letter
from German ...................... Russian? 13. The children spent the
whole day ...................... Disneyland. 14. The lifts are ...................... the
reception desk. 15. It was cool and quiet ...................... the church.
16. Somebody parked a car ...................... my garage door, and now I
can’t get my car ....................... . 17. He took a mobile phone ......................
his pocket and started speaking ...................... it ...................... a low
voice. 18. She was standing ...................... a crowd of fans. 19. The
computer made note — her entry. 20. The idea — colonizing
Mars is at present well beyond human activity. 21. The mouse
was — the mat — the computer table. 22. When I came — the
room, he was examining the results — his Websearch.
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Ïðåäëîãè
Ïðåäëîãè above/below, over/under
(âûðàæàþò îòíîøåíèÿ ïî âåðòèêàëè)
above zero
over a city
below zero
under the table
Ïðåäëîãè between/among
Between + 2 лица, предмета
Между двумя предметами, лицами и т.д.
It’s between you and me.
The town is between Moscow and St. Petersburg.
What’s the difference between these two words?
Among + сущ. во мн. числе
Среди более чем двух предметов, лиц и т.д.
It’s good to be among friends.
It often happens among such people.
76.1. Заполните пропуски предлогами above, below, over, under.
1. The children walked, carrying bright baloons ...................... their
heads. 2. The title of the book was written ...................... the names
of the authors. 3. Now we are flying ...................... the Indian Ocean.
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4. We found a mobile phone ...................... the bench in the park.
5. There was a big mirror ...................... the sink. 6. He lived on
the second floor ...................... a restaurant. 7. The room ......................
my bedroom is a kitchen. 8. The lamp hung ...................... the table.
9. It’s a hot day. The temperature is twenty degrees ......................
zero today. 10. Many people are living ...................... the povetry line.
11. It was fifteen ...................... zero. It was quite frosty. 12. She is
...................... any criticizm. 13. His name was on the door immediately
...................... the bell. 14. This information is summarized ......................
the text. 15. He lived ...................... a bakery. 16. She was well
...................... fifty. 17. The ship sank a mile ...................... the surface of
the Pacific. 18. The bathroom is ...................... the kitchen. 19. She
put a hand ...................... her mouth. 20. The cat hid ...................... the
table. 21. Tourists come to London from all ...................... the world.
22. He has bags ...................... his eyes. 23. He never wrote ......................
his real name. 24. The agent took out a gun from ...................... his
coat. 25. The workmen are laying a cable ...................... the earth.
76.2. Заполните пропуски предлогами on, off, across, (a)round, up, down.
1. Flora is sitting ...................... the sofa. 2. She’s ...................... in Florida.
3. Are you getting ...................... at the next stop? 4. He dropped it
...................... the floor. 5. A few people got ...................... the train and
went to the bus stop. 6. We got ...................... the bus and paid the
fare. 7. We walked ...................... Hyde Park to the metro station.
8. They walked ...................... the steps to the river bank. 9. What’s
...................... at the Pushkinsky? 10. He got ...................... his bicycle and
walked. 11. There was a beautiful bridge ...................... the river.
12. The children ran ...................... the hill to the village. 13. The
soldiers marched ...................... and ...................... . 14. We were sitting
...................... a big table eating. 15. She threw cold water ......................
her face. 16. He took ...................... his jacket. 17. He switched ......................
the computer and left the office. 18. A shadow fell ...................... the
wall. 19. There are a few shops just ...................... the corner. 20. The
teacher showed some pictures ...................... the screen. 21. Don’t
forget to turn ...................... the gas before leaving. 22. I was so happy
that I jumped ...................... and ...................... and shouted. 23. The boys
disappeared ...................... the corner. 24. We saw a ship ......................
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the horizon. 25. A broad smile spread ...................... his face. 26. He
ran ...................... to the third floor. 27. London stands ......................
the Thames. 28. She was leaning ...................... my desk. 29. The
detective was looking ...................... and ...................... the street. 30. The
earth moves ...................... the sun. 31. They met ...................... the first
day of their holiday. 32. She was wearing a scarf ...................... her
head. 33. We wandered ...................... the garden.
76.3. Заполните пропуски предлогами between или among.
1. There is no friendship ...................... Steve and me. 2. The money
was divided equally ...................... the two children. 3. We stood on
the square ...................... happy smiling people. 4. He was sitting in
the airport ...................... his suitcases and boxes. 5. There aren’t any
relations ...................... these two countries. 6. Silence fell ......................
them. 7. He was caught on the boarder ...................... France and
Switzerland. 8. He walked back home ...................... his parents.
9. The choice is ...................... you and me. 10. There is trade ......................
China and Japan. 11. I know that I am ...................... friends. 12. We
divided the chicken ...................... the four of us. 13. Mind, it’s top
secret. Let it be ...................... you and me. 14. The estate was divided
...................... his brothers and sisters. 15. There is a great difference
...................... the two brothers. 16. There were fights ...................... the
police and the demonstrators. 17. I feel that something is wrong
...................... Paul and Linda. 18. There were no women ......................
her many friends. 19. Something got ...................... the wheels of
the car. 20. Unfortunately, there’s no understanding ......................
father and son. 21. There were rumours ...................... the people of
the village. 22. At the theatre I was sitting ...................... Mike and
Nelly. 23. My house is ...................... two shops. 24. If I have to choose
...................... a sweet or an apple, I’ll choose the apple. 25. The
secretary found the file ...................... the other files and papers.
26. We couldn’t see Linda ...................... the guests. 27. They put the
printer ...................... the two computers. 28. His cottage was hidden
...................... the trees. 29. The ball hit the boy directly ...................... the
eyes. 30. Don’t be nervous, you’re ...................... friends.
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Ïðåäëîãè, âûðàæàþùèå âðåìåííûå
îòíîøåíèÿ
before (до...)
after (после...)
before the game
before the concert
before Thursday
after the game
after the concert
after Thursday
Have a cup of tea before you go.
We met before the game.
We’ll discuss it after we’ve had a cup of tea.
We talked after the game.
Предлог и его значение
since* (с тех пор как...) +
указание момента, с которого
началось действие
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Примеры употребления
I have been here since last month.
I have lived in this city since I was a child.
We have met a lot of people since we
came here.
Предлоги, выражающие временные отношения
Продолжение табл.
Предлог и его значение
Примеры употребления
for* + указание периода
времени, в течение которого
происходит или происходило
действие
I have lived here for two years.
I lived in London for two years.
during + существительное
(во время..., в течение)
I fell asleep during the lecture.
It happened during the war.
by (к..., не позднее чем...)
by morning, by noon, by ten o’clock, by
the beginning of the film, by the first of
September
till, until (до какого-то момента,
дня и т.д.)
till tomorrow, until Friday, till the end of
the year, until someone comes
* since, for см. Units 30, 32.
77.1. Заполните пропуски предлогами before или after.
1. She arrived just ...................... breakfast on her bicycle and sat
down to table. 2. Can I see you ...................... you go, Marina? 3. Let’s
meet ...................... seven in the evening. 4. ..................... everything
that’s happened, we can’t trust you any more. 5. It was just
...................... Christmas. 6. — ...................... you, my dear girl. — No,
...................... you. 7. Let me tell you the latest news ...................... we
start working. 8. I shut the door ...................... her and sat down.
9. A bright future lay ...................... her. 10. Those youngsters are
...................... my job. 11. I was named ...................... my aunt Mary.
12. Some jokes go round school year ...................... year. 13. She
found one excuse ...................... another not to meet with him. 14. It
was twenty minutes ...................... eight on July 12, 1998. 15. What
are you going to do ...................... work today? 16. The matter finally
came ...................... the Council. 17. I’ve been thinking about you
day ...................... day. 18. They have two alternatives ......................
them. 19. Stop looking for the file! It’s ...................... your very
eyes! 20. We’ll discuss the question ...................... you think it over.
21. They parted ...................... the war and were fortunate to meet
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...................... the war. 22. The pop singer said it from the television
screen ...................... seven hundred million viewers. 23. My Granny
works in her little garden ...................... lunch and has a nap ......................
dinner. 24. You should think twice ...................... you say something,
otherwise you may be very sorry ...................... you’ve said it.
77.2. Заполните пропуски предлогами since, for, ago, during, by, till (until).
1. I’ve been here ...................... a long time. I’m going to leave. 2. He
left Rome two weeks ...................... and has been living in Paris
...................... then. 3. Let’s wait ...................... the others come. 4. Where
were you ...................... the lecture? 5. Let’s decide it ......................
evening. 6. ..................... how long do you expect to stay here? 7. I
haven’t met some of my classmates ...................... we left school.
8. The museum has been closed ...................... a month already. 9. —
...................... when have you known him? — I have known him
...................... many years. Actually we met fifteen years ...................... .
10. They lived in Siberia ...................... the war. 11. The tower was
struck by a lightning a month ...................... . It has been closed for
repairs ...................... then. So you can’t visit it ...................... the repairs
are over. 12. Man is thought to have dwelt on the Earth ......................
many thousands of years. 13. Many historical events have
happened ...................... the beginning of the world. 14. The storm
had died ...................... midnight. It was quiet ...................... the night.
15. People came in and out of the cinema ...................... the film.
16. — ...................... how long has glass been known to people? —
It has been known ...................... thousands of years. 17. We met a
fortnight ...................... , but I haven’t seen him ...................... . 18. Hello,
I haven’t seen you ...................... ages! How are you? 19. Let’s wait
...................... the light changes to green. 20. I usually read a long list
of books ...................... my summer holiday. I try to finish it ......................
the first of September before school starts. 21. It has been raining
...................... yesterday. 22. I learnt Latin ...................... two years.
77.3.
Заполните пропуски предлогами at, on, in, within, past, to, from ... till,
between.
1. We usually go to our dacha ...................... the weekend. 2. I’m
sorry, but I’m very busy ...................... the moment. 3. The editor
380
Предлоги, выражающие временные отношения
will see you ...................... a moment. 4. My boss is ...................... holiday
...................... Cyprus now. 5. I heard it ...................... the radio ......................
the morning. 6. She is hanging ...................... the phone all days
long! 7. Life has changed greatly ...................... the past twenty
years. 8. Where and when are you going ...................... holiday?
9. Everybody is so happy ...................... Christmas day. 10. Do you
paint eggs ...................... Easter? 11. Will you be in town ......................
the weekend? 12. They arrived ...................... 7 o’clock ......................
Wednesday. 13. It’s risky to go out alone ...................... night. 14. It’s
ten minutes ...................... two, the lecture starts ...................... exactly
two o’clock, so we have ten minutes for a chat. 15. Don’t call
me ...................... six ...................... ten o’clock. I’ll be in the Internet.
16. He can see you somewhere ...................... ten and twelve in the
morning. 17. We hope you’ll finish the work ...................... the given
time. 18. Do you send cards to your friends ...................... Christmas
or ...................... New Year? 19. — Let’s meet ...................... Saturday. —
We’d better meet ...................... next Saturday. 20. — Do you work
...................... Mondays? — Usually I don’t, but I’m working ......................
this Monday. 21. My secretary has to come to the office ......................
Saturday, but not ...................... every Saturday. 22. They got
married ...................... 2004. 23. Caroline is getting married ......................
this year. 24. She is graduating from University ...................... two
years’ time. 25. My birthday is ...................... the 8th of March. When
is yours?
77.4. Заполните пропуски предлогами in или on.
1. Let’s change the curtains ...................... the windows. 2. A young
pretty girl appeared ...................... the window. 3. The footballers
are practising ...................... the field. 4. Some sheep are grazing
...................... the field. 5. Two boxers are fighting ...................... the ring.
6. There are some cows ...................... the pasture. 7. Ben and Alice
are playing ...................... the court. 8. Our house is ...................... Third
Street. 9. The frost made patterns ...................... the window. 10. My
Granny is sitting ...................... the armchair resting. 11. The remote
control is ...................... the chair. 12. There is a fly ...................... the
glass. 13. You are always ...................... my mind. 14. We find useful
information ...................... this dictionary.
Unit
U
n it
nit
it 7
78
8
Предлог и его значение
Примеры употребления
I. on time = punctual, not late
(быть точным, пунктуальным)
The police are almost always on time.
Trains are never on time in the summertime.
(just) in time for ... (to do) smth
= soon enough for ... (быть
вовремя, конкретный случай)
If we hurry, we’ll be in time to catch the bus.
If they don’t lose time, they’ll be just in time
for the plane.
II. arrive in — прибыть в
страну, в город
We arrived in France on Monday.
The bus arrived in London at noon.
arrive at — прибыть в
аэропорт, на станцию, в офис;
прийти к решению
The plane arrived at Heathrow airport on
time.
I arrived back at my desk after lunch.
He managed to arrive at a reasonable
decision.
III. at the end of ... — в конце
чего-то
in the end = (finally) в конце
концов, наконец
We wrote a quiz at the end of the class.
In the end they decided to call the police.
78.1. Употребите on или in.
1. Trains are never ...................... time in the summertime. 2. He
returned to his hotel just ...................... time for a late supper. 3. Did
your plane leave ...................... time? 4. I dream that one day trains
will run ...................... time. 5. I had to get back home ......................
382
be on/in time, arrive in/at, at/in the end
time to walk the dog. 6. She always paid her rent ......................
time. 7. My Dad promised to be home ...................... time to go to
a parents’ meeting. 8. My brother came just ...................... time to
help me with calculations. 9. Mum will go mad if I am not back
...................... time. 10. He was late as usual. In the long history of
their friendship, he had never been ...................... time.
78.2. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïîæàëóéñòà, íå îïàçäûâàé. Ïðèõîäè âîâðåìÿ. 2. ß ïðèø¸ë
äîìîé êàê ðàç âîâðåìÿ, ÷òîáû ïîñìîòðåòü ôóòáîëüíûé ìàò÷.
3. Íàø ïîåçä îòïðàâèëñÿ âîâðåìÿ. 4. Âñòðå÷àåìñÿ â 7 ÷àñîâ
âå÷åðà. Ïðèõîäè âîâðåìÿ. 5. Ìû ïðèåõàëè â àýðîïîðò âîâðåìÿ
íà íàø ðåéñ. 6. Íàø ëåêòîð îïîçäàë ñåãîäíÿ óòðîì, íî îáû÷íî îí ïðèõîäèò âîâðåìÿ. 7. ß ëþáëþ ïðèõîäèòü â óíèâåðñèòåò âîâðåìÿ, ÷òîáû ïîáîëòàòü ñ äðóçüÿìè ïåðåä çàíÿòèÿìè.
8. — Òâîÿ ñåêðåòàðøà âñåãäà ïðèõîäèò âîâðåìÿ? — Äà, îíà
íèêîãäà íå îïàçäûâàåò. 9. Âåæëèâûå ëþäè âñåãäà ïðèõîäÿò
âîâðåìÿ. 10. Ìû äîáðàëèñü äî ñòàíöèè âîâðåìÿ, ÷òîáû óñïåòü
íà ïîåçä.
78.3. Употребите in или at.
1. ...................... the end the lift arrives ...................... the forty-second
floor. 2. We arrived ...................... the cinema ...................... the end of the
film to see the happy end. 3. It’s eight o’clock and the musicians
have just arrived ...................... the restaurant. 4. It was raining
when we arrived ...................... London. 5. ...................... the end we
arrived safely ...................... the camping. 6. I first arrived ......................
England in 1987. 7. It took us a long time to arrive ...................... a
decision. 8. Students are very busy ...................... the end of each
term. 9. At that moment the waitress arrived ...................... our
table. 10. When does this plane arrive ...................... Paris? 11. After
work we never arrived back ...................... our house before five
a.m. 12. Students have to buy a lot of textbooks ...................... the
beginning of the academic year. 13. We had a lot of problems
with our car. ...................... the end we sold it. 14. Christmas is
celebrated ...................... the end of December. 15. He didn’t want
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UNIT 78
to do that job, but ...................... the end he had to agree. 16. We
got lost in the British capital, but ...................... the end we arrived
...................... Victoria Station. 17. I arrived ...................... a conclusion
that I couldn’t trust them.
78.4. Переведите следующие предложения.
1.  êîíöå ñâîåé ðå÷è îí ïîáëàãîäàðèë âñåõ çà ïîìîùü.
2.  êîíöå êîíöîâ îíà ñîãëàñèëàñü âñòðåòèòüñÿ ñ íàìè. 3. Ñàìîë¸ò îïîçäàë, íî â êîíöå êîíöîâ ìû ïðèáûëè â Êèòàé. 4. Âñå
ìåæäóíàðîäíûå ðåéñû ïðèáûâàþò â Øåðåìåòüåâî. 5. Îíà äîáðàëàñü äî ïðàâäû ìíîãî ëåò íàçàä. 6. Îíè âñòðåòèëèñü ëèøü
â êîíöå âîéíû. 7. Áóõãàëòåðàì ïðèõîäèòñÿ ïèñàòü îò÷¸òû
â êîíöå ãîäà. 8. Ìû íàøëè ìàëåíüêîå óþòíîå êàôå â êîíöå
óëèöû. 9. Êàê òîëüêî òû ïðèáóäåøü â Èòàëèþ, ñîîáùè íàì.
10. Ìû ïðèáûëè âî Âíóêîâî íî÷üþ.  êîíöå êîíöîâ ìû íàíÿëè ÷àñòíóþ ìàøèíó. 11. Ïîñëå îòïóñêà îí ïðèáûë â ñâîþ
âîèíñêóþ ÷àñòü. 12.  êîíöå êîíöîâ ìû ïðèøëè ê ðàçóìíîìó
ðåøåíèþ. 13. Â êîíöå ðîìàíîâ Äîñòîåâñêîãî ÿ ïðîñòî íå ìîãó
íå ïëàêàòü. 14. Îí ïðèáûë â ñâîþ ðîäíóþ äåðåâíþ ñ òðåìÿ òåëîõðàíèòåëÿìè. 15. Ýòà ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ äåëåãàöèÿ òîëüêî ÷òî
ïðèáûëà â çàë äëÿ î÷åíü âàæíûõ ëþäåé. 16.  êîíöå êîíöîâ â
êîíöå ìåñÿöà îí ïîëó÷èë ñâîè äåíüãè.
78.5. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.
1. We arrived ...................... the conference hall five minutes before
the beginning. 2. Do you speak ...................... any foreign languages?
3. Now listen ...................... me, and then answer ...................... my
questions. 4. He plays ...................... the piano professionally. 5. My
mood mostly depends ...................... the weather. 6. We’d like to
congratulate you ...................... your success. 7. The children entered
...................... the room and sat ...................... their desks. 8. My sister is
married ...................... a lawyer. 9. He isn’t very nice ...................... her.
Sometimes he shouts ...................... her. 10. You remind me ......................
your mother. 11. Please, remind me ...................... that business
lunch ...................... the Ritz. 12. That’s just very typical ......................
teenagers. 13. The key ...................... the exercise is ...................... page 7.
14. I’ll see you ...................... next Saturday.
Unit
U
n i t 79
nit
79
Ïîâòîðåíèå (Ïðåäëîãè)
Revision (Prepositions)
79.1. Употребите необходимый предлог.
1. Please listen ...................... what I say. 2. I prefer fruit ......................
chocolate. 3. Everything depends ...................... you. 4. He is different
...................... his brother. 5. We congratulate you ...................... your
birthday. 6. The room was full ...................... flowers. 7. Her eyes
were filled ...................... tears. 8. He was punished ...................... his
dishonesty. 9. He boasts ...................... his skill ...................... tennis. 10. I
live ...................... two pounds a day. 11. The house is ......................
fire! Call ...................... help. 12. It’s kind ...................... you to invite me
...................... lunch. 13. ...................... the 14th and 15th centuries England
was ...................... war ...................... France ...................... a hundred years.
14. I’ve never yet known her to be ...................... time ......................
appointments. 15. He isn’t good ...................... languages. 16. The fans
were surprised ...................... the result of the match. 17. I apologize
...................... arriving late. 18. ...................... the end he recovered
...................... his illness. 19. She suffers ...................... asthma. 20. I am
fond ...................... classical music, but I do not care ...................... jazz.
21. I introduced the girl ...................... my cousin, who was delighted
...................... her unexpected arrival. 22. Who is responsible ......................
the mess ...................... the floor, children? 23. It’s easy to distinguish
an American ...................... an Englishman ...................... the way he
dresses. 24. The plane took off ...................... London at six o’clock
and arrived ...................... Rome ...................... eight. 25. I didn’t complain
...................... the noise but I objected strongly ...................... the smell.
26. Look ...................... me and tell me what’s ...................... your mind!
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UNIT 79
79.2. Употребите необходимый предлог.
1. He arrived just ...................... time to preside ...................... the meeting.
2. He is not ...................... work today, I’m afraid he is ...................... bed
...................... influenza. 3. The drunken man jumped ...................... the
table and began to shout ...................... the top ...................... his voice.
4. Last year she published a book ...................... English Grammar.
5. “Do you believe ...................... ghosts?” I asked. She burst ......................
laughter. 6. Please, turn the radio ...................... . I can’t concentrate
...................... my work. 7. We mistook her ...................... her twin sister.
8. I forgive you ...................... falling ...................... love with her, but
I will never agree ...................... the marriage, son. 9. This room
isn’t suitable ...................... study because ...................... the bad light.
10. He is unfit ...................... this job owing ...................... his eyesight.
11. He went ...................... the second house ...................... the corner and
knocked ...................... the door. 12. David went to London ......................
car ...................... business. 13. I’ll see you ...................... a moment. 14. I
can’t speak to you ...................... the moment. 15. These two men are
...................... business. 16. Our partners are now ...................... Austria
...................... business. 17. I took his file ...................... mistake. 18. The
miners are ...................... strike. 19. The children are ...................... holiday.
20. He broke the mug ...................... accident. 21. I am sure that she
did it ...................... purpose. 22. She read it ...................... a magazine
and then she saw it ...................... TV. 23. I spoke to her ......................
the phone last night. 24. These shoes are made ...................... hand.
25. The first lecture starts ...................... 9 o’clock and I always arrive
...................... time.
79.3. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.
THE TOWN MOUSE AND THE COUNTRY MOUSE
Once upon a time there lived a little brown mouse. He lived
...................... a small cottage ...................... the country. His cottage was
very warm and comfortable ...................... a lot of flowers ...................... it
and a few apple trees ...................... it. He even had a bathroom and
a toilet ...................... the cottage and there was a fireplace ......................
the sitting-room ...................... the first floor. One day his cousin
...................... town came to visit him, as they hadn’t met ...................... a
386
Повторение (Предлоги)
long time, actually, ...................... Christmas. The country mouse was
very glad to see him. ........................ supper the town mouse said,
“Your life is not interesting at all. Come and stay ...................... me
...................... a week or a month.”
So ...................... the morning the mice went ...................... town ......................
car. The house ...................... the town mouse was big and beautiful.
But he didn’t use the key to open the front door. They got
...................... the house ...................... carefully going ...................... the back
door. They were very hungry as they hadn’t eaten anything
...................... early morning. So they went ...................... the dining room
where there was a lot of food and began to eat. Suddenly the
door opened and a man walked ...................... . He came up ......................
the table, took an apple ...................... the vase and went ......................
the room. The town mouse began to eat again, but the country
mouse was scared ...................... death. Suddenly he saw a big cat
lying ...................... the sofa, which was ...................... the corner ......................
the room. The cat jumped ...................... the table, but the mice
ran ...................... the hole ...................... the floor. The cat was too big
and couldn’t get ..................... . “Oh, dear,” said the country mouse
...................... a trembling voice. “Your food is good, but your life is
not. I am sorry, but I’m going back ...................... the country. Life
may be boring there, but it’s safer.”
79.4. Употребите необходимый предлог.
1. We went ...................... a walk ...................... the park. 2. I agreed
...................... his plan, but we didn’t arrive ...................... any decision
as to when to start working. 3. I don’t agree ...................... you on
principle. 4. He agreed ...................... our offer ...................... condition
that we pay him ...................... advance. 5. Mother reproached her
son ...................... laziness. 6. He is in need ...................... instruction.
7. Be content ...................... what you have. 8. She has no confidence
...................... him. 9. They hoped ...................... fine weather. 10. Compare
yourself ...................... those who worked hard. 11. Many people now
have little faith ...................... doctors. 12. He had lived in his house
...................... five years, ever ...................... he came to Boston. 13. If you
wish to succeed, you must depend ...................... yourself. 14. Their
cottage stood ...................... the edge of a forest ...................... a river.
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15. The moon sometimes passes ...................... the sun. 16. Allow me
to congratulate you ...................... your success. 17. I insist ......................
your showing me the contract today. 18. The greatest of all
victories is the victory ...................... oneself. 19. You should always
keep yourself ...................... control. 20. He left Europe ......................
Africa many years ago. 21. She worked hard ...................... History.
22. I have no money to spend ...................... restaurants. 23. We
cannot forgive you ...................... what you have done ...................... us.
24. Thank you ...................... everything you have done ...................... me.
25. This book isn’t suitable ...................... young children.
79.5. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.
1. The juice is ...................... the fridge ...................... the lower shelf.
2. We meet ...................... time ...................... time ...................... the bus
stop. 3. I don’t know anyone ...................... this picture. 4. The boys
climbed ...................... the fence and got ...................... the garden. 5. She
got ...................... the car and drove off. 6. We couldn’t see the city
...................... the plane. It was flying ...................... the clouds. 7. The
river ran ...................... two mountains. 8. He is in New York ......................
business now. 9. She has been ...................... this business ......................
two years ever ...................... the firm was founded. 10. I saw the
show ...................... TV ...................... Tuesday. 11. He’s ...................... holiday
this week. 12. They went there ...................... the afternoon. 13. My
house lies ...................... yours and Sharon’s. 14. There are certain
rules and laws ...................... thieves. 15. I told him ...................... my
plans. 16. The boat is ...................... the bridge. 17. This house is ____
sale. 18. He spends a lot of time ...................... video films. 19. The
English Channel lies ...................... France and England. 20. This boy
is ...................... twenty, I think. 21. Keep your dog ...................... control.
22. The train runs ...................... rails. 23. He is standing ...................... the
roof ...................... a high building threatening to jump ...................... .
24. ...................... the way ...................... home I stopped to buy a packet
of Royal Canin ...................... my cat. 25. She is a vegetarian and lives
mostly ...................... fruit and vegetables. 26. — And what shall I do
...................... all this money? — Spend it ...................... your education.
Remember, education is the best investment ...................... young
people.
388
Повторение (Предлоги)
79.6. Заполните пропуски предлогами for, to, with, by, ... .
1. This present is ...................... you. 2. Thank you ...................... all you
have done ...................... me. 3. — What is that ...................... you? — It’s
nothing ...................... me. 4. I bought this hat ...................... ten dollars
...................... the sale. 5. It is bad ...................... you to stay up too late.
6. He left the country ...................... the East. 7. I did not finish my
work ...................... time to show it ...................... the examiner. 8. He
cannot afford to buy it ...................... that price. 9. It was a sad thing
...................... him to lose his friends. 10. I have a great love ......................
animals. 11. He gave the keys ...................... his nanny. 12. The
businessman started ...................... Rome. 13. They decided to move
...................... the south. 14. ...................... how much did you sell your
house? 15. He spoke ...................... me ...................... the matter last week.
16. Children ...................... ten ...................... fifteen years of age filled the
hall. 17. It doesn’t matter ...................... me. I don’t care ...................... such
things. 18. Look ...................... this poem. I wonder who it was written
...................... ? 19. Some old buildings are ...................... danger ......................
falling. 20. A true patriot works hard ...................... his country. 21. The
doctor says she will soon recover ...................... her illness. 22. What
prevented you ...................... telling the truth? 23. He says he has no
money ...................... beggars. 24. The fire was extinguished ......................
the firefighters ...................... water. 25. The man was killed ......................
the thief ...................... a knife. 26. The house is surrounded ......................
a garden ...................... a lot of apple trees. 27. He rode ......................
the church. 28. He swore ...................... his life that he would pay
his debts. 29. This writer is very popular ...................... his readers.
30. Bernard Shaw was famous ...................... his jokes.
79.7. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.
1. His head is always full ...................... great ideas. 2. The swimmingpool is filled ...................... sea water. 3. And now, children, listen
...................... me attentively. I have pleasant news ...................... you.
4. She means everything ...................... me. 5. Look ...................... the slides,
please. I shall comment ...................... them, one ...................... one. 6. The
teacher reproached the boy ...................... cheating. 7. He is ......................
need ...................... instruction. 8. Be content ...................... what you have.
9. We have no confidence ...................... him. 10. They hoped ......................
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UNIT 79
rain. 11. There is no hope ...................... the snow melting ......................
spring. 12. Compare yourself ...................... others, it helps sometimes
a lot. 13. I differ ...................... those who believe ...................... hypnotism.
14. People now have little faith ...................... doctors. 15. He still
depends ...................... his parents financially. 16. Do not be terrified
...................... the thunder. 17. My physical health very much depends
...................... the weather. I am often ...................... it. 18. Children are
usually afraid ...................... lightning when they do not understand
the cause ...................... it. 19. He always confused lose ...................... loose,
its ...................... it’s, seas ...................... sees. 20. If you wish to succeed,
you must rely ...................... yourself not ...................... other people. 21. An
animal cannot live ...................... water. 22. His cleverness ......................
mathematics was equal ...................... his ability ...................... languages.
23. She wrote a new book ...................... English Grammar. 24. What
was your mark ...................... History last year? 25. I’ll lend you the
money you ask me ..................... ..................... condition that you give it
back ...................... me ...................... next month. 26. The child broke the
toy ...................... curiosity. 27. The train went ...................... the tunnel
...................... a very high speed. 28. He said it ...................... the botton
...................... his heart.
79.8. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.
1. I did the test ...................... my own. 2. My little sister has a
room ...................... her own. 3. We went ...................... a walk ......................
the streets ...................... London. 4. She read it ...................... a glossy
magazine. 5. She took a file ...................... mistake. 6. He goes
...................... work ...................... foot. 7. She broke my favourite plate
...................... mistake. 8. The boy didn’t do it ...................... purpose,
I’m sure ...................... it. 9. We met ...................... chance ...................... the
centre ...................... the city. 10. She’s ...................... least forty years old.
11. He was dressed ...................... a long black coat. 12. He was very
upset ...................... his loss. 13. Glass is very useful ...................... us,
but it breaks easily ...................... many pieces. 14. I have learnt this
book ...................... heart, but still I reread it ...................... time ......................
time. 15. If you feel angry ...................... anyone, remember that
you may also make mistakes. 16. Don’t worry, I’m not angry
...................... what you’ve done. 17. Divers breathe ...................... the
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Повторение (Предлоги)
water ...................... means ...................... tubes. 18. The monument has
lasted ...................... the foundation ...................... the town ...................... now.
19. There are no business people ...................... my friends. 20. I did
it ...................... my will. It’s not ...................... my nature. 21. That is
...................... my wishes. 22. This house is one ...................... the most
handsome in the town. 23. I do not worry ...................... the future.
I live ...................... day ...................... day. 24. We are looking forward
...................... seeing you. 25. He would have been killed ......................
the presence of his mind. 26. We left Europe ...................... Africa
many years ago. 27. ...................... what terms will you do it? 28. Fish
live ...................... water, but some sea-animals come ...................... the
surface to breathe. 29. This book is not suitable ...................... young
children. 30. I spent the morning working ...................... grammar.
79.9. Переведите следующие предложения.
1. Ïîñìîòðè íà íåáî! Íà íåáå ìíîãî îáëàêîâ. 2. Ïîñëóøàé
ìåíÿ! ß ïðåäëàãàþ âñòðåòèòüñÿ íà Ïóøêèíñêîé óëèöå ïîñëå
ðàáîòû. 3. Ïðî÷èòàé ìíå ýòîò ôàêñ. 4. Îáúÿñíè ìíå ýòî ïðàâèëî. 5. Íå ññûëàéòåñü íà ýòîãî àâòîðà. 6. ×òî òû äóìàåøü î
íàøåì íîâîì íà÷àëüíèêå? 7. Î ÷¸ì òû äóìàåøü? 8. Íå ñåðäèòåñü íà íå¸. 9. Îí ðàññåðäèëñÿ íà å¸ ñëîâà. 10. Îí íèêîãäà íå
ïðèõîäèò íà ðàáîòó âîâðåìÿ. 11. Ìû ïîòîðîïèëèñü è ïðèøëè
âîâðåìÿ íà ëåêöèþ. 12. — Âû èíòåðåñóåòåñü ïîëèòèêîé? —
Íåò, ÿ óâëåêàþñü èñêóññòâîì. 13. ß õîòåëà áû ïðåäñòàâèòü
âàì ñâîåãî äðóãà. 14. Îíà íàñòîÿëà íà òîì, ÷òîáû ïîìî÷ü íàì.
15. Ó íåãî áîëüøàÿ ëþáîâü ê ìóçûêå. 16. ß èùó êàêóþ-íèáóäü
êíèãó î æèâîòíûõ. 17. Òû ñîãëàñåí ñî ìíîé? 18. Îí èçâèíèëñÿ
çà ñâî¸ ïîâåäåíèå. 19. Íàì õîòåëîñü áû ïîçäðàâèòü òåáÿ ñ òâîèì óñïåõîì. 20. Âîäà ñîñòîèò èç êèñëîðîäà è âîäîðîäà. 21. Íèêîãäà íåëüçÿ áûòü óâåðåííûì â òàêèõ âåùàõ. 22. ß ïðî÷¸ë ýòè
êíèãè âî âðåìÿ êàíèêóë. 23. Ìû óñòàëè æäàòü. 24. Îí ñíàáæàåò ïîëèöèþ èíôîðìàöèåé. 25. Íàøè ïëàíû çàâèñÿò îò ýòèõ
ëþäåé. 26. ×òî ïðîèçîøëî ìåæäó íèìè? 27. Îêñôîðä ñëàâèòñÿ
ñâîèì óíèâåðñèòåòîì. 28. Çàâòðà ó íàñ ëåêöèÿ ïî ýêîíîìèêå.
29. — Èç ÷åãî ñäåëàíû ýòè îêíà? — Îíè èç ïëàñòèêà. 30. Êàêîé ïîäàðîê òû õîòåëà áû ïîëó÷èòü íà Ðîæäåñòâî? 31. ß çäåñü
ïî äåëó. 32. Îí â ýòîì áèçíåñå óæå ìíîãî ëåò.
Unit
U
n
nit
iitt 8
80
0
Ïðîâåðüòå ñåáÿ
Òåñòû — Tests
80.1. Заполните пропуски артиклями, если необходимо.
THORNFIELD AND MY NEW JOB
I. Thornfield Hall was ...................... large house in ...................... country,
near ...................... town called Millcote. There, after ......................
sixteen-hour journey, I was welcomed by Mrs. Fairfax. She
was ...................... little old lady who looked to be ...................... very
kind person. I was surprised to discover on ...................... first day
at Thornfield that Mrs. Fairfax was not in fact ...................... owner,
as I assumed, but ...................... housekeeper. My new master was
...................... Mr. Rochester, who was often away from home. My
pupil was ...................... girl called Adele, seven years old, who
was born in ...................... France and didn’t know ...................... word
of ...................... English. Adele, ...................... pretty cheerful child, was
easy to teach, though it was not easy to make her concentrate
on anything for ...................... long time, as she was not used to
...................... discipline of ...................... lessons.
One day I took ...................... opportunity of asking Mrs. Fairfax
...................... few questions about Mr. Rochester, as I was curious
about him. “I have always liked him,” she said. “He is ......................
fair man and ...................... very good master to his servants. He’s
...................... little peculiar, perhaps.” Then ...................... housekeeper
offered to show me round ...................... whole house. We went
through many large, impressive rooms and finally reached
...................... top floor, where there was ...................... narrow corridor
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Проверьте себя
with ...................... doors, hiding ...................... evil secrets. And then I
heard ...................... strange, ghostly laugh. In ...................... minute I
heard ...................... laugh again. It did not sound human to me.
II. In ...................... morning I explained to Diana and Mary that I
had to go on ...................... journey and would be away for ......................
few days. Although they did not know ...................... reason for my
journey, they were far too sensitive to bother me with ......................
questions. And so I walked to ...................... lonely crossroads on
...................... moor, where I had arrived ...................... year ago with no
...................... money or ...................... luggage. I took ...................... coach and
...................... following day I reached ...................... place.
...................... house stood in ...................... middle of ...................... wood.
As I approached, ...................... front door opened, and out came
...................... figure I could not fail to recognize, Edward Rochester.
He walked slowly along ...................... path, looking up eagerly at
...................... sky, and it was obvious that he could see nothing.
After ...................... while he stopped, and stood there, ...................... rain
falling fast on his head. Finally he went back to ...................... house,
and closed ...................... door.
80.2. Заполните пропуски необходимыми предлогами.
I. When I am ...................... home, I work ...................... the garden
...................... the morning, read or write ...................... the afternoon,
and visit my friends ...................... the evening. I usually rise
...................... sunrise, which keeps me ...................... good health, and
...................... general I go ...................... bed ...................... ten o’clock. I keep
no gardener, for a paid gardener seldom does things ......................
the way I prefer;_____ least such has been my experience.
When the trees are ...................... blossom, nothing is more pleasant
than long walks ...................... the country ...................... the sunshine,
and especially ...................... early morning when the dew-drops
glisten ...................... the leaves, and the birds sing ...................... all
their power, filling the air ...................... melodies. ...................... noon the
heat becomes too strong ...................... these places, and one hides
...................... it ...................... the house. ...................... the evening a fresh
breeze starts blowing, and the rays ...................... the setting sun
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UNIT 80
fill the countryside ...................... soft light, and the soul ...................... a
sense ...................... peace.
II. I was all ...................... myself ...................... my house, when the news
...................... the failure ...................... the bank reached me. ......................
good luck I had drawn out most ...................... my money beforehand
as I had been warned ...................... a friend ...................... the danger.
A declaration had been made ...................... the directors that the
creditors ...................... the bank would not lose everything, but
would be probably paid ...................... full ...................... the end ......................
the financial year. However, I went ...................... the next train
...................... the intention ...................... seeing the manager, but found
that ...................... the laws ...................... bankruptcy nothing could be
given back ...................... the creditors ...................... the question had
been settled ...................... the law courts. I discussed the matter
...................... a number ...................... people who were ...................... the
same situation. ...................... the end I came ...................... the conclusion
that I would get my money ...................... the end ...................... the year.
I returned home ...................... a light heart, hoping ...................... the
better.
80.3. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках.
A WALL STREET BANKER
As a Wall Street banker Joe has to travel a lot. And he is an
expert traveller. He (like) planes, trains and long car journeys.
In a first-class carriage, on a plane, he immediately (put) on the
eyes mask, and (instruct) the stewardess to wake him for the
final meal before the plane (land). In the car he (make) sure
that he (have) his favourite CDs and a lot of snacks, and on
trains he (try) to arrive early enough to buy a sandwich and
every newspaper he (see) in the bookstands.
When Joe (be) at home, he (not like) cooking, although he (love)
eating. He (not like) gardening and he (not have) any hobbies.
He (not like) animals and he (be) too lazy to take the dogs out
for a run. His wife Emma always (do) it. What Joe (do) best is to
meet people and to shop. The more things he (buy), the more he
can (show off) to the world, the better he (feel) about himself.
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Проверьте себя
Today he (not think) about meeting people or shopping. Today
he (spend) the whole day in the country. When the train (arrive)
at the place, Joe (be) in an excellent mood. It (be) a clear, sunny
day, a light breeze (blow), his beautiful wife (wait) for him at
the station in the Range Rover. His wife Emma (be) different
from him. She (not care) about the things that Joe (love). She
just (want) to be happy, and today, when she (see) Joe, she
(forget) his regular absences and (forgive) him immediately.
She (kiss) him, (open) the door of the car for him and (start) for
their cottage which she (love) so much. She (feel) happy to have
such a wonderful, caring husband.
80.4. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. When ............................................ this e-mail?
a. have you got
b. do you get
ñ. did you get
2. Where ............................................ your clothes made?
a. were
b. was
ñ. is
3. Everybody knows such things, ............................................ ?
a. do they
b. don’t they
ñ. doesn’t he
4. Yesterday we ............................................ the test for three hours.
a. wrote
b. were writing
ñ. had been writing
5. When I came to the office, the plan of the work ............................... .
a. was discussing b. was still being ñ. has been
discussed
discussed
6. Nobody heard him ............................................ the room.
a. leave
b. to leave
ñ. left
7. Last week Marat ............................................ a new record in tennis.
a. sat
b. has set
ñ. set
8. This strawberry jam tastes and smells .............................................
a. well
b. good
ñ. wonderfully
9. She ............................................ anything interesting for a long time.
a. hasn’t read
b. haven’t read
ñ. didn’t read
10. When he came home, everybody ............................................ already.
a. slept
b. were sleeping
ñ. was asleep
11. He ............................................ in the Internet since ten o’clock in the
morning today.
a. works
b. is working
ñ. has been working
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UNIT 80
12. The witness was made ............................................ in court.
a. appear
b. to appear
ñ. appearing
13. We can’t find the secretary. Do you know where ......................... ?
a. is she
b. she is
ñ. she has been
14. You agree with us, ............................................ you?
a. don’t
b. do
ñ. aren’t
15. When he .................................. the work, we’ll have lunch together.
a. finish
b. will finish
ñ. finishes
80.5 Исправьте ошибки в следующих предложениях.
1. The news are much better today. 2. What a beautiful weather
today! 3. We need some informations. 4. The furnitures are very
old. 5. I’m looking for a new jeans. 6. Your hairs are getting very
long. 7. Do you have a scissors? 8. We had a lot of homeworks
last week. 9. Do you think she is making a progress with her
English? 10. These trousers is too small. 11. She gave me some
good advices. 12. Emily’s clothes is so beautiful! 13. We had an
interesting work. 14. My money are in the drawer. 15. We need
a new furniture. 16. Traffic have been bad throughout the day.
17. Where is my headphones? 18. My watches is fast.
80.6 Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в нужную форму.
BOOKS IN MY LIFE
Of late I (devote) myself to the study of literature. It (become)
clear to me what valuable friends books (be)! They (be) never
cross or disagreeable, nor, like false friends, they (flatter). The
characters described in the books of the great novelists (become)
so real to me that I long (regard) them as my personal friends
and (long) to shake them by the hand. Our friends in life often
disappoint us, they may go away and forget us, or they (become)
our enemies, but we can always (rely) on our books. In life we
(be) often disappointed of our dearest hopes, our ambitions (be)
not realized, we (lose) our most prized possessions. But nothing
(can) ever rob the memory that (be) well stocked with the gems
of literature, and even though we (become) blind, or (sink) to
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Проверьте себя
destitution, we can always drop from the deep well of memory
the thoughts that (delight) us in the past. How much I (regret)
the time I (spend) in pursuing the shadows of this world, when
I (may) (store) my mind with useful knowledge.
80.7 Переведите следующий текст.
ËÜÞÈÑ ÊÝÐÐÎËË — ÏÐÎÔÅÑÑÎÐ ÌÀÒÅÌÀÒÈÊÈ
Ìíîãî ëåò íàçàä, â îäèí ïîãîæèé ëåòíèé äåíü, çàñòåí÷èâûé
÷åëîâåê âìåñòå ñ òðåìÿ ìàëåíüêèìè äåâî÷êàìè îòïðàâèëñÿ
êàòàòüñÿ íà ëîäêå ïî Òåìçå. Èìÿ åãî áûëî Äîäæñîí. Åãî ÷àñòî íàçûâàëè «ïðîôåññîð Äîäæñîí», ïîñêîëüêó â áóäíèå äíè
îí ïðåïîäàâàë ìàòåìàòèêó â Îêñôîðäñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå, à ïî
âîñêðåñåíüÿì ÷èòàë ïðîïîâåäè â öåðêâè. «Äîäæñîí» áûëî åãî
íàñòîÿùèì èìåíåì, íî îòíþäü íå òåì, ïîä êîòîðûì ìû åãî
çíàåì.
Äîäæñîí áûë ñòîëü ðîáêèì, ÷òî çàïèíàëñÿ îò âîëíåíèÿ, êîãäà
ðàçãîâàðèâàë ñî âçðîñëûìè ëþäüìè. Çàòî îí ñ óäîâîëüñòâèåì
ðàññêàçûâàë çàáàâíûå èñòîðèè äåòÿì. Èìåííî â òîò äåíü, êàòàÿñü íà ëîäêå ïî Òåìçå, îí ïîâåäàë ñâîèì ìàëåíüêèì ñïóòíèöàì íåâåðîÿòíóþ èñòîðèþ. Îí ðàññêàçàë èì î ìàëåíüêîé
äåâî÷êå, êîòîðàÿ, îòïðàâèâøèñü ñïàòü, èñ÷åçëà â êðîëè÷üåé
íîðå, à ïðîñíóâøèñü, î÷óòèëàñü â Ñòðàíå ÷óäåñ. Íàñòîëüêî
íåîáû÷íîé áûëà ýòà èñòîðèÿ, ÷òî äåòè ñëóøàëè åãî, øèðîêî
ðàñêðûâ ãëàçà. È íàïîñëåäîê ïîïðîñèëà ïðîôåññîðà çàïèñàòü
å¸ äëÿ íèõ. Ýòî îí è ñäåëàë, ïðîñèäåâ íàä ðóêîïèñüþ âñþ
íî÷ü. È ïîñêîëüêó îäíó èç ìàëåíüêèõ äåâî÷åê çâàëè Àëèñà,
îí âûáðàë äëÿ ñâîåé èñòîðèè íàçâàíèå «Àëèñà â Ñòðàíå ÷óäåñ». Ïîñëå ýòîãî Äîäæñîí óáðàë ðóêîïèñü â ÿùèê ñòîëà è
ñîâåðøåííî çàáûë î íåé. Íèêîãäà îí íå ìîã ïðåäïîëîæèòü,
÷òî åþ êòî-íèáóäü çàèíòåðåñóåòñÿ. ×åðåç íåñêîëüêî ëåò îäèí
èç åãî ïðèÿòåëåé íàòêíóëñÿ íà ýòó ðóêîïèñü. Ñòðÿõíóâ ñ íå¸
ïûëü, îí ïðèíÿëñÿ å¸ ÷èòàòü. Åäâà îí ïðî÷èòàë íåñêîëüêî
ñòðàíèö, êàê ïîíÿë, ÷òî ýòî øåäåâð, êîòîðûé íåîáõîäèìî îïóáëèêîâàòü. «Õîòåëîñü áû, ÷òîáû âñå äåòè ìîãëè ïðî÷èòàòü î
ïðèêëþ÷åíèÿõ Àëèñû â Ñòðàíå ÷óäåñ. Äîñàäíî, ÷òî òû òàêîé
ðîáêèé è óïðÿìûé. Íà òâî¸ì ìåñòå ÿ áû äàâíî ýòî ñäåëàë,
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UNIT 80
è äåòè ñåé÷àñ ìîãëè áû íàñëàæäàòüñÿ ýòîé êíèãîé. Òàê æå
êàê è âçðîñëûå». Òùåòíû, îäíàêî, áûëè âñå åãî ïîïûòêè. Ïðîôåññîð è ñëóøàòü íå õîòåë î òîì, ÷òîáû îí, ïðîôåññîð ìàòåìàòèêè Îêñôîðäñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, íàïèñàë ãëóïóþ ñêàçêó
äëÿ äåòåé! Íåò! Íè çà ÷òî îí ýòîãî íå ñäåëàåò! Ýòî áûëî íèæå
åãî äîñòîèíñòâà.
Ïîòîìó-òî «Àëèñà â Ñòðàíå ÷óäåñ» è áûëà â êîíöå êîíöîâ èçäàíà ïîä ïñåâäîíèìîì Ëüþèñ Êýððîëë. Îíà èìåëà ÷ðåçâû÷àéíûé óñïåõ. ×èñëî å¸ èçäàíèé òðóäíî îïðåäåëèòü. Íà ïðîòÿæåíèè ìíîãèõ äåñÿòèëåòèé «Àëèñà â Ñòðàíå ÷óäåñ» îñòà¸òñÿ
îäíîé èç ñàìûõ ëþáèìûõ äåòñêèõ êíèã âî âñ¸ì ìèðå.
Êëþ÷è ê óïðàæíåíèÿì
UNIT I
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
A 1. I 2. You 3. He 4. She 5. We 6. you 7. They 8. you 9. He 10. she 11. It
B 1. my 2. your 3. his 4. her 5. our 6. their 7. your 8. Its 9. its 10. its
11. your
1. She 2. It. He 3. We 4. They 5. I 6. me 7. him 8. her, us 9. them 10. their,
your 11. my 12. his 13. her 14. me, I, it 15. your. it.
1. him. 2. her. Its 3. me 4. him 5. them 6. It 7. it 8. your 9. It 10. it 11. her
12. its 13. my. it 14. it 15. My, me. 16. them 17. us, we 18. her. We 19. me,
them 20. my. them
1. mine 2. yours, my 3. yours, mine 4. yours 5. its 6. ours 7. yours 8. me,
it 9. her. We, her 10. him, them 11. his 12. my, yours 13. hers 14. its
15. their, ours
1. My computer is out of order. May I work on yours? 2. It’s their mistake, not ours. 3. He is a friend of mine. 4. This money is yours. 5.We gave
them our telephone number, and they gave us theirs. 6. His car is opposite the office, and where’s mine? 7. He didn’t have a mobile phone and I
gave him mine. 8. It’s your problem, not ours. 9. – I am sorry, I took your
pen instead of mine. – That’s all right. 10. She told me her story, and I
told her mine. 11. Now we are going to open our presents and then we
shall (we’ll) look at yours. 12. Is this Xerox yours or his? 13. Their house
is bigger than ours. 14. His voice is stronger than hers. 15. It’s your headache, not mine. 16. You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours. (One hand
washes the other).
1. Those 2. that 3. These 4. This 5. this 6. That 7. this 8. That’s 9. that
10. those 11. that, that 12. this 13. this 14. It 15. these 16. these 17. Those
18. This 19. This 20. That
1. This is your disk , and where is mine? 2. Your idea is good, but his
is better. 3. These are my friends. 4. Those were his last words. 5. I like
these shoes. 6. These people are from England and those people are
from France. 7. This question is difficult, but I think that I’ll answer it.
8. Those were happy times! 9. It was a great mistake. – Yes, it’s true.
10. These are new video films. Watch them! 11. This car is out of order.
12. It happened many years ago. 13. – Hello, is this Sveta? – No, it’s her
sister, Nadya. 14. This week I’ll go to the theatre. 15. That was a clever
decision. 16. These stories are very interesting. 17. I will never forget that
day! 18. This city (town) is so beautiful! 19. Look at those pictures. 20. To
be or not to be – that is the question. 21. Let’s meet one of these days.
22. I’ll call you one of these days. 23. I often visit London. I love this city.
24. – Where is the exit? – This way, please. 25. That summer was rainy.
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Ключи к упражнениям
26. Those numbers were blocked. 27. These figures are incorrect. 28. This
(It) is your money. 29. That was a very risky business. 30. Those were our
best days.
UNIT 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
400
1. are, is. are. are 2. am. am. am. am 3. are. are. is. is 4. is. is. are 5. am. is.
are, is am, are 6. are 7. is 8. is 9. Are 10. are 11. are, is 12. is. is 13 is 14. am
15. Are. am 16. are 17. are. am. 18. is
1. – Are you a teacher? – I’m not a teacher. 2. – Is your brother an artist? – My brother is not an artist.3. – Is she a programmer? – She is not a
programmer. 4. – Is he a reporter? – He is not (isn’t) a reporter. 5. – Are
you managers? – We are not (aren’t) managers. 6. – Are you eager to see
the world? – I am not eager to see the world. 7. – Is life hectic? – Life
isn’t hectic. 8. – Are the shops closed today? – The shops aren’t closed
today. 9. – Is Kate at home now? – Kate isn’t at home now. 10. – Are you
a bus driver? – I’m not a bus driver. 11. – Are your keys lost? – My keys
aren’t lost. 12. – Are your children very well? – My children aren’t very
well. 13. – Are your students very good? – My students aren’t very good.
14. – Is your job well-paid? – My job isn’t well-paid. 15. – Is the traffic
heavy today? – The traffic isn’t heavy today. 16. – Are they Japanese?
– They aren’t Japanese. 17. – Is Boris in Spain? – Boris isn’t in Spain.
18. – Is English difficult? – English isn’t difficult. 19. – Is Chinese easy? –
Chinese isn’t easy. 20. – Are computers very useful? – Computers aren’t
very useful. 21. – Is Robert a friendly boy? – Robert isn’t a friendly boy.
22. – Are your friends always helpful? – My friends aren’t always helpful.
1. is. is. is. am. is. are. are. are. 2. is. are. am, am. 3. is. are, am, is. 4. is, are.
am. 5. is. are. am 6. am, is. are 7. is. is. are, are. is. am 8. am, are. is, is. am,
is, are. are
1. Am. are, is. 2. – Are. is. 3. – Am. am, are 4. is. is. 5. are. 6. is. is. 7. are.
8. – Am, are 9. – Are, am. 10. – Is. is. 11. – Is. are. is. 12. - Is. are 13. is. is
14. are. Are 15. Is, is. is 16. is. 17. Are. 18. are 19. is 20. are. are
1. good – bad 2. black – white3. wonderful – awful 4. high – low 5. right –
wrong 6. short – long 7. cold – hot 8. expensive – cheap 9. warm – cool
10. heavy – light 11. rich – poor 12. difficult – easy 13. wet – dry 14. happy – upset 15. full – empty 16. big – small 17. busy – free 18. old – young
19. early – late 20. glad – sad 21. old – new
1. – It’s good. – And I think that it’s bad. 2. The weather is fine, and yesterday it was awful. It was wet and cold. 3. Am I right or am I wrong?
4. He was poor and now he is very rich. 5. – Is the chief free? – No. he is
busy. 6. – I’m glad, no, I’m happy to meet you. 7. It’s an easy test, and I
like difficult tests. 8. This car is old. I’d like to buy a new one. 9. – Is the
answer correct? – No, it’s wrong. 10. – Is it an expensive dictionary? –
No, it’s cheap. 11. He isn’t old, he is still young. 12. Her coat is white,
Ключи к упражнениям
2.7
2.8
and her hat is black. 13. He is a cool guy. 14. It’s a long and sad story.
15. – Am I late? – No, it is still very early. 16. We are sure that they are
already here. 17. Teenagers are fond of this pop group. 18. We are sorry
to say good-bye. 19. The lecture is over. 20. I am eager to tell you something interesting.
1. are 2. is, am 3. is 4. is 5.is 6. are 7.am, are 8. is 9. are 10. is 11. are 12. is.
13. are 14. is 15. is 16. is 17. are 18. is 19. are 20. Am, are
1. Hello, how are you? Are you all right? How is life? I am happy (glad)
to see you. 2. It’s Monday today. It’s always a hectic (hard) day. I am
very busy. 3. – I am sorry, I am wrong, and you are right. – I am happy
to hear it. 4. It’s true. These facts are real. 5. – Is he in? – No, he is out.
6. It’s 10 o’clock now. I’m at the office. I am a manager. 7. My group
is very big. 8. She is a workaholic. 9. I’m sorry, but it’s a very difficult
question. 10. They are nice people. 11. He is a wonderful teacher. 12. My
son is a lazy, but a good boy. 13.She is a good student. 14. He is a criminal.
15. You are an angel, you are a wonder. 16. It’s a military secret. 17. Honey is very useful. 18. We are ready, but Kate isn’t ready yet. 19. The tea
is hot. 20. We are here and we are happy to see you. 21. – I am from
Moscow, and where are you from? – We are from London. 22. – My dog
is my best friend. – Yes, dogs are true friends. 23. – My computer is out
of order. May I work on yours? – I’m very sorry, but it’s out of order too.
24. – Is the lesson over? – No, it isn’t over yet. 25. – Are you a pessimist
or an optimist? – I’m an optimist. 26. This telephone number is out of
service. Call back later.
UNIT 3
3.2
3.3
1. There. It 2. There. It 3. There. It 4. There. It 5. There. It 6. There. It, it
7. There. It 8. There. It, it, it 9. There. It 10. There. It 11. there. It12. there.
It 13. It. There 14. It
1. It’s winter. It’s December. It’s very cold. There is a lot of snow everywhere. 2. It’s spring. It’s April. It’s warm and sunny. It’s a wonderful
season. 3. It’s Saturday today. It’s my day off. 4. It’s dark (gloomy). It
looks like rain. 5.– What day is it today? – It’s Friday. It’s my favourite
day. 6. What time is it? (What’s the time?) – It’s12 o’clock. It’s lunchtime.
7. – I’m afraid I’m late. – You are never late. 8. – Is it far from here to the
park? – Not very far. 9. – What’s the date today? Who is absent? – It’s
the fifth of March today. Everybody is here. 10. – Who is on duty today?
– I’m on duty today. We are ready for the class. – Yes, it’s time to start
the lesson. 11. – It’s lunchtime. – Yes, it’s already 12 o’clock. I am thirsty.
12. It’s a difficult question. It is necessary to decide it. 13. This is a small
world. There are so many people who know each other in it. 14. There are
always a lot of tourists in London. There are so many sights in the English
capital. 15. There is a message for you on the display. It’s urgent.
401
Ключи к упражнениям
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
402
1. It. It. It 2. There. It 3. There. It 4. There, it 5. It. There 6. It. There
7. There. It 8. It. There 9. It. There 10. There. It 11. It. There 12. There.
It 13. it. It, There 14. There. It. It 15. It 16. There, it 17. It. There 18. It.
There 19. There. It, there 20. It. There
1. – What is there in this beautiful building? – It’s a pedagogical university. It’s a new university. – And I thought it’s a bank. – No, it’s not,
there are several banks on the opposite side of the street. – It’s a quiet
and beautiful street of old Moscow. I like it here. 2. There is a big shopping centre “Atrium” near the metro station. It’s not far from our university. There are many different small shops in it. Some are expensive,
others are not. There are good shops for young people. It’s pleasant to
go there, walk in the shops and have a cup of tea in a café. 3. There is
a bookshop on the opposite side of this street. It is easy to find it. There
is a sign over it. It’s a new shop. It is rather big. There are a lot of different books and textbooks in it. When you go there, it’s important to
know what you want to buy. There are shop assistants there who help
you to find books. It’s pleasant to find there something new and interesting. 4. – What is there in your fridge? – Oh, it’s a big one. There are
two cameras in it and there are a lot of different products in it. There
is cheese, butter, milk, jam, juice. There is meat, fish, ice-cream in the
freezer. There are also fruits and vegetables in it.
1. It. There 2. There, it. There 3. It. There 4. There, it 5. It. There 6. There.
It. It 7. There, it, there 8. It. There 9. There. It. It 10. There 11. There. It,
it 12. There. It 13. It, it, there 14. It. There 15. It. There 16. There. It 17. It.
There 18. There. It 19. It. There 20. It. There
A. 1. there, It, there 2. There. It 3. There. It 4. There. It 5. It, there
6. There, it 7. It. There 8. It. There 9. There. It 10. There. It 11. There. It
12. It. It 13. it. there. It, there, it 14. There. It 15. There. It
A. 1. There are so many magic words in our vocabulary – “thank you”,
“excuse me”, “I’m sorry”. Use them! 2. There is a big railway station near
the metro. It is Kurski railway station. 3. There lived once a girl. Her
name was Alice. 4. It’s a small café, but there are always tasty pies in it.
5. Once upon a time there lived a King. He was called Loui the Second.
6. There is a question which I’d like to ask you, but it is personal. 7. There
is a rainbow in the sky. It is very beautiful. There are seven colours in
it. 8. – How many days are there in December? – It’s the last month of
the year. There are thirty one days in it. 9. Every year in France and in
Italy there is a festival of chocolate. It’s an interesting holiday. 10. There
is a new computer on my table. It’s a notebook. 11. There is a sea camp
in Florida. It’s an ecological camp.12. It’s gloomy today. It looks like rain.
13. There is an email for you. It’s very important. 14. England is an island. There are many big and small towns on it. 15. This is a small world.
There are so many people in it who know each other.
Ключи к упражнениям
3.9
1. its 2. It’s, its 3. Its 4. It’s, its 5. its 6. It’s 7. It’s 8. its 9. It’s 10. It’s 11. It’s
12. It’s, its, it’s 13. It’s 14. It’s, It’s, its 15. its 16. It’s 17. its 18. its 19. It’s
20. It’s 21. it’s 22. It’s 23. It’s, its 24. its 25. its
UNIT 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
I. Èñ÷èñëÿåìûå: an orange, a person, an album, cakes, children, a fish,
a sheep, a ship, a piece, a mouse, a deer, books, a toy, a key, a paper,
chairs, a case, a star, a fruit (fruits)
II. Íåèñ÷èñëÿåìûå: butter, juice, chalk, wood, iron, love, petrol, gold, silver, meat, time, progress, cream, paper, yogurt, money, gas, water, fruit.
toys, cries, dictionaries, boys, stories, countries, people (persons), matches,
potatoes, oranges, shelves, leaves, chiefs, wives, roofs, fish (fishes), sheep,
ships, deer, men, children, women, teeth, feet, handkerchiefs, cliffs, keys,
halves, cities, bosses.
1. is 2. are 3. are 4. is 5. is 6. is 7. is 8. are 9. is 10. are 11. are 12. are 13. are
14. is 15. is 16. are 17. is 18. are 19. Are 20. are 21. are 22. is 23. Are 24. Is
25. are
1. The police are already in the building. 2. Two policeman are examining the garage. 3. My friends are good people. 4. Mice like cheese. 5. Are
there any mice in the house? 6. All my money is spent. 7. Is there any
money on my account? 8. There isn’t any money in this cash dispenser.
9. Jeans have always been in fashion. 10. Such clothes are out of fashion
now. 11. Such advice is not for me. 12. It is secret information. Nobody
must know it. 13. It’s fine weather today. 14. His knowledge is the result
of hard work. 15. Education is the best investment. 16. Where are my
sunglasses? Where did I leave them? 17. Are the scissors sharp?18. Life
is life. 19. Love works miracles. 20. No news is good news. 21. He got a
first class education at Oxford University. 22. We still can’t do anything
to control the weather. 23. Money is very important especially when you
don’t have it. 24. Information makes the world go round.
UNIT 5
5.2
5.3
tomatoes, heroes, photos, parties, lives, wolves, geese, mice, Swiss, Chinese, firemen, forget-me-nots, libraries, families, mothers-in-law, books,
days, plays, lotteries, euros, monkeys, passers-by, Americans, Germans,
batteries, fishermen, swine, Japanese, oxen, videos.
1-11: ladies, gentlemen, partners, translators, accountants, mice, butterflies, fishermen, Swiss, swine, oxen. 12. Those are wild geese. 13. There
are sheep in the fields. 14. There are ships in the sea. 15. There are
mice in the kitchen. 16. There are Vietnamese in our group. 17. They are
passers-by. 18. They are forget-me-nots. 19. They are good dictionaries.
20. They are Englishmen. 21. We are teenagers. 22. These are good offers.
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Ключи к упражнениям
5.4
5.5
23. We are experts on business. 24. Those men are Germans. 25. These
women are Chinese.
1. My teachers at school were mostly women. 2. There are a lot of good
shops for men in our city. 3. Children are the flowers of life. 4. Work is
the best medicine. 5. Many people now keep mice, rats, snakes, pigs as
pets. 6. Deer are very beautiful animals. 7. Geese saved Ancient Rome
many centuries ago. 8. There are many fish in this river. 9. Is the fish
tasty? Do you like it? 10. Your watch is fast.11. – Where is my watch? –
It’s on the table. 12. Sheep give us wool. 13. This actress’(s) teeth are very
white. 14. My feet are tired. Let’s sit down. 15. Dentists treat our teeth.
16. There are mice in the basement. 17. You can see some oxen in the
field. 18. Men are more sensitive than women.
1. I need to change the battery in the watch (clock). It doesn’t (won’t)
work. 2. This wall clock is always slow. 3. Two wolves got into the village at night and killed three sheep. 4. There are wild geese on this lake.
5. Swine are clever animals. 6. There are some merry-go-rounds in this
park. 7. I like violets very much. 8. May I look at these photos? 9. We
need to buy potatoes and tomatoes. 10. Some women also play football.
11. Parents must not only feed and dress their children, they must also
talk with them. 12. There is all the necessary information on this question
in my computer. 13. Your advice is wonderful and I’ll follow it. 14. The
Chinese invented gunpowder, ink, paper and many other useful things.
15. The Japanese and the Vietnamese eat a lot of rice and fish. 16. The
Swiss speak (the) German, French, Italian (languages).
UNIT 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
404
1. Is it…? It isn’t… .2. Are they…? They aren’t… .3. Is this film…? It
isn’t… . 4. Is it…? It isn’t… . 5. Are they…? They aren’t… .6. Are you…? I
am not… .7. Are there…? There aren’t… . 8. Is your mother…? My mother isn’t… . 9. Is it… ? It isn’t… .10. Am I…? I am not… .11. Is she...?
She isn’t… . 12. Are you…? We are not (aren’t)… . 13. Are they…? They
aren’t… . 14. Are they…? They aren’t… . 15. Are many people…? Many
people aren’t… .
1. How many computers are there in the office? 2. What kind of printer
is this? 3. How far is it to the shop? 4. What is there in the text? 5. What
are they? 6. Whose book is it? 7. What day is it today? 8. Where is he
now? 9. Who is your teacher? 10. What is he? 11. What kind of question
is it? 12. What are they? 13. Who is a secretary? 14. How old is Henry?
15. What kind of printer is it?
1. Is she thirty or forty? 2. Is it warm or cold today? 3. Is it late or early?
4. Are you cold or hot? 5. Are they free or busy now? 6. Is he a manager or a secretary? 7. Is it a good or a bad idea? 8. Are there three or
four computers in the office? 9. Is it a nice or a bad day today? 10. Are
Ключи к упражнениям
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
they football or hockey fans? 11. Is she in London or in Moscow at the
moment? 12. Are they good or bad children? 13. Is it eleven or twelve
o’clock now? 14. Are there two or five mistakes in the text? 15. Are they
usually at home on Sunday or on Saturday?
1. isn’t it? 2. aren’t they? 3. is he? 4. are we? 5. is she? 6. isn’t he? 7. isn’t
it? 8. is it? 9. is it? 10. are they? 11. isn’t there? 12. aren’t we? 13. am
I not? aren’t I? 14. am I? 15. aren’t they? 16. isn’t there? 17. are they?
18. are you?
1. k 2. d 3. a 4. h 5. m 6. b 7. c 8. f 9. g 10. n 11. I 12. j 13. l 14. o 15. e
1. aren’t there? 2. isn’t he? 3. isn’t it? 4. is she? 5. isn’t it? 6. is it? 7. isn’t
there? 8. are there? 9. isn’t it? 10. are they? 11. isn’t there? 12. are they?
13. isn’t it? 14. aren’t they? 15. are they? 16. is she? 17. is he? 18. aren’t I?
19. are they? 20. re you?
1. – Who is that guy (fellow)? It’s Dima. He is my friend. 2. – What does
he do? (What is he?) – He is a student. 3. – Who are these people? –
They are our neighbours. – What do they do? (What are they?) – They
are employees (clerks). 4. Whose file is it? – It’s mine. 5. – What kind of
job is it? – It’s not bad. 6. – How old is your wife? How old are your children? – You are not an inspector, are you? 7. There are many good traditions in England, aren’t there? 8. – What kind of film is it?- It’s a comedy. 9. – Which of these disks is yours? – They are all mine. 10. – How
are you? How is life? How are your parents? – All is fine (very good),
thank you. 11. – Why are you so sad? What’s the matter? – I’m just hungry and sleepy. 12. – When is your birthday? – It’s a secret. 13. – Am
I right or not? – It’s hard to say. 14. – Where are the pupils? Where is
the teacher? – They are in the hall. There is a concert there. 15. It isn’t
a very good idea, is it? 16. – Why are you here? – I’m a new secretary.
What are my duties? 17. – What kind of man (person)is he? – He is an
honest man and he is a workaholic. 18. You are not angry with us, are
you? 19. He isn’t a gangster, is he? – Of course, not. 20. Are you a bookaholic (a great reader)? 21. Why is it always so? I’m so unlucky. 22. Who
says that life is dull (boring)? Not me! There are interesting people, great
books, wonderful countries and cities in our world.
UNIT 7
7.1
7.2
7.3
C 1- 12 – an – a; 13. a- an 14. an – a 15. a – an
1. A 2. A, a 3. –, – 4. a, a 5. a 6.– 7. A, a 8. A, – 9. A, a 10. –, – 11. An
12. A, a 13. A, a 14. A, a 15. A, a 16. A, a 17. A, a, a 18.– 19. A, a 20. A
1. A cup of tea and a sandwich is my usual breakfast. 2. Wait a minute,
please. 3. Never waste a second. 4. A year is a long time. 5. I’ll come back
in an hour. 6. Eat an apple a day and you will have no problems. 7. I need
a cell (mobile) phone. 8. A month passed, then a year. 9. He drinks (has) a
glass of orange juice every morning. 10. Let’s meet in a week. 11. – Shall
405
Ключи к упражнениям
7.4
7.5
7.7
7.8
7.9
406
I buy you an ice cream? – No, I’d like a banana. 12. This pen costs a dollar. 13. He bought a block of cigarettes. 14. Don’t forget to buy a tube of
toothpaste, a loaf of bread and a jar of jam. 15. He has a good sense of
humour. 16. – Would you like a piece of milk chocolate? – No, thank you,
I bought a bar of black chocolate yesterday. 17. Put a spoon of salt in the
soup. 18. I need a mouse for the computer. 19. She has a rich vocabulary.
20. Our students have good, modern dictionaries.
1. a 2. a, a 3.– 4.– 5.– 6.– 7. a 8.– 9. a 10.– 11.– 12. a 13. an 14. a 15.–, a
16. a. a 17. A (the)
1. There are seven notes in music. 2. There are many new lines and stations in Moscow metro. 3. Next week there will be a KBH. 4. There is
olive oil in the bottle. 5. There is a wonderful coat in the window shop.
6. There are a lot of serials on our television. 7. There are a lot of advertisements in the metro. 8. There is a way out of any situation. 9. There
are always a lot of incidents on this street, as the traffic is very heavy
here. 10. There is some clean paper on the table. 11. There is a karaoke
club in this square. 12. There are two Japanese, one Chinese, three Russians and two Americans in this group. 13. There is a big clock over the
boss’s table. 14. There is orange juice in the fridge. And some cakes too.
15. There is a lot of useful information on this site. 16. There is a screen
saver in my computer. 17. There is a message for you on the mobile.
18. There is an alarm system in this bank. 19. There are a lot of mysteries in the world. 20. There are a lot of new words in this dictionary.
21. There is a grain of truth in it. 22. There are sixty seconds in a minute.
23. There are a lot of rivers, seas and oceans on the Earth.
1. an 2. a. a 3. – 4. a, a 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. – 9. a 10. –, a 11. a 12. –, a 13. an, a
14. an 15. a 16. an 17. an 18. a, a, a 19. – 20. a, a
1. a 2. a 3. a 4. a 5. an, a 6. an 7. a 8. – 9. a 10. a 11. – 12. – 13. a 14. – 15. –.
– 16. – 17. a 18. a 19. a 20. an. – 21. –
1. English is a very beautiful language. And it’s a very rich language.
2. There are so many sites in the Internet and there is so much information.
3. “7 Days” is a very popular magazine. 4. Vladimir is a very
clever fellow. He is a programmer. 5. It was a great surprise for everybody. 6. It’s wrong information. 7. “Shrek” is a cartoon film. 8. My
cousins are very nice (cute) kids. 9. – Are you a theater-goer? – Yes,
I am. 10. A teacher should be a creative person. 11. – Are you a happy
person? – I hope that I am. 12. I have a very good teacher of English.
13. It’s a good question. I like to answer clever questions. 14. The English (English people) are great tea-lovers. They especially like tea with
milk. 15. It wasn’t an ordinary fish, it was a golden fish. 16. – Are you a
workaholic? – I don’t think so. 17. He is a popular singer. He has a golden
disc. 18. There is a secret in every family. 19. He is a member of our club.
20. This book is a bestseller. 21. There are many ways how to cook fish.
Ключи к упражнениям
7.10
7.11
7.13
7.15
7.16
7.17
22. – Is there life on Mars? – There isn’t, but they say that there is water there. – It’s not water, it’s ice.
1. an 2. – 3. – 4. – 5. – 6. a 7. – 8. a 9. – 10. – 11. – 12. a 13. – 14. a 15. –
16. – 17. a 18. a 19. – 20. a
1. What a waste of time and money! 2. What a hectic life! 3. What awful
(miserable) weather! What an awful day! 4. What curious people! 5. What
great (wonderful) work (a great job)! 6. What an important matter (business)! 7. What a good chance (opportunity)! 8. What hard-working (diligent) students. 9. What cool guys! 10. What wonderful words! 11. What
big feet you have! 12. What white teeth this actress has! 13. What unexpected money! 14. What beautiful children she has! 15. What a cute
cat! 16. What a thrilling film! 17. What beautiful hair! 18. What salty cucumber! 19. What a salty soup! 20. What a tasty cake! 21. The bus is late.
What a shame!
1. It’s such a brilliant idea, you are so clever. 2. It’s such a big city. 3. We
are so happy. We are such happy people. 4. This is such a good chance.
You are so lucky. 5. The music is so loud. I don’t like such loud music.
6. The dress is beautiful! I like such dresses. 7. – The weather is so warm
today – Yes, it’s such a warm day today. 8. It’s such a surprise! It’s so
pleasant! 9. It is such wonderful news. I am so happy. 10. It was such a
shock! 11. It is such important information. And it is so timely!
1. Buy a loaf of bread, please. 2. Put a slice of lemon in the tea. 3. The
police arrested a band of gangsters. 4. There is a jug of juice on the
table. 5. Buy a jar of jam. 6. I always put a cube of ice in the juice. 7. I
need a tube of toothpaste. 8. It was good advice. 9. He took a big sum of
money from the bank. 10. Every month he buys a block of cigarettes.
11. This bar of chocolate costs fifty roubles. 12. May (Can) I have a piece
of cheese? 13. There came a cry of horror. 14. This article of furniture is
very expensive. 15. It is interesting news. 16. There is a grain of truth in
it.
1. o; 2. e; 3. h; 4. i; 5. k; 6. l; 7. f; 8. d; 9. c; 10. b; 11. a; 12. n; 13. m; 14. g;
15. j
1. Language is a means of communication. 2. Latin is a dead language.
3. It is thankless work (a … job). 4. His pocket money isn’t big. 5. I live in
a block of flats. 6. If you have a cold, have hot tea with a slice of lemon
and a spoon of honey.
UNIT 8
8.1
8.2
1. no; 2. any; 3. any; 4. some; 5. some, some; 6. any. any; 7. any. some;
8. some. any; 9 .no; 10. some. some; 11. some; no; 12 . some. any; 13. some,
any; 14. any; 15. any; 16. some, any
1. Are there any…? There aren’t any… .2 Is there anything…? There isn’t
anything… .3 Is anything…? There isn’t… (Nothing is…) 4. Is there any…?
407
Ключи к упражнениям
8.3
8.6
There is no…(isn’t any) 5. Are there any…? There aren’t any… 6. Is there
anybody…? There is nobody… 7. Are there any…? There aren’t any… 8. Is
there any…? There isn’t any… 9. Are there any…? There aren’t any…
10. Is there anything…? There is nothing… 11. Would you like to read
something…? I wouldn’t like to read anything…
1. Somebody 2. Something 3. Nothing! Something 4. somebody 5. anyone 6. anybody 7. anything 8. nothing 8. nothing 10. something? – anything 11. Nothing 12. something 13. something 14. anything 15. something.
nothing
1. Nothing and nobody will stop me. 2. There is something on your mind.
What is it? 3. There is nothing new under the moon. 4. Can anybody help
me? 5. – Is there any food in the fridge? – There is something. 6. – Are
there any foreigners in your group? - No, there aren’t any. 7. – Would
you like some orange juice? – Yes, I’ll have a little. 8. – I like some pop
music. – And I like any pop music. 9. – Are there any questions? – No,
there aren’t any, but there are some offers. 10. May (Can) I have some
tea? I’m thirsty. 11. There aren’t any chances that our football team will
win. 12. There isn’t any money in the purse. It’s empty. 13. There aren’t
any people on the streets. It’s night and everybody is at home. 14. I walk
with my dog in any weather. 15. I want to tell you something, something
very important. 16. – Is there any news? – No, there isn’t any news.
17. Any person wants to be happy and healthy. 18. There aren’t any
messages for you on the answerphone. 19. There are some fruit trees
in our garden. 20. There aren’t any fish in the Dead Sea. 21. – Something is wrong with him. Nothing interests him. He doesn’t want to see
anyone. – Yes, something worries him. 22. If you need me, call me any
time. 23. I see that there is something on your mind. What is it? 24. Any
passer-buy will tell you how to get there. 25. There aren’t any changes in
the weather.
UNIT 9
9.1
9.3
408
1. many 2. much 3. much 4. many 5. many 6. a lot of, much 7. many,
much 8. many 9. much 10. much, many 11. a lot of, much (a lot of)
12. much, much 13. many 14. much 15. a lot of (much) 16. many, much,
many 17. many, many, much 18. many, much 19. much, a lot of, many
20. much, many, much
1. There are a lot of wonderful countries and cities in the world. 2. – How
many times a year do you rest? – Twice, in winter and in summer. 3. – Is
there much furniture in your flat? – Yes there is a lot of furniture in
it. 4. My family spends a lot of money on books and fruit. 5. There will
be a lot of people at my birthday party. 6. – How much paper a month
goes on Xerox? – Very much 7. There aren’t so many people whom I can
trust. 8. We don’t have very much money, and we need to buy so many
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9.4
9.5
9.6
things. 9. There isn’t very much honey in the jar. 10. – Do you drink
much coffee? – No, not much, but I have a lot of green tea. 11. My friend
has a lot of video cassettes. 12. There are always a lot of traffic jams on
this road. 13. I never have much spare time. 14. How many onions and
how much salt do you put in the soup? 15. There isn’t much interesting
news in today’s paper.
1. little 2. few 3. a few 4. a little 5. a few 6. a few 7. a few 8. little 9. a little
10. a few 11. a little 12. a few13. little 14. little 15. much (little) 16. little
17. a few 18. a little 19. little 20. a few 21. little, a little 22. a little
1. How much? Just a little. a few onions. How many onions? As many
as… , how much butter? As much as…, a little water. How much? Not too
much. a few cups. a few potatoes, a little tomato paste, a few carrots, a
little cabbage, a few beans. How much time… just a few hours.
1. There isn’t much food in the fridge. We must go and buy a little. We
can buy a little sausage, cheese, a few rolls and apples. 2. You don’t work
much. If you work a little, everything will be fine. 3. The kid sleeps very
little. Sing a few songs to her and then she’ll sleep a little. 4. He promises to give us a little money, but we know that he doesn’t have much
money. So we’ll give it back to him in a few days. 5. There is little snow
this year, but there is some snow in the forest. 6. – I always add a little
milk in the coffee and very little sugar. 7. There is little (not much) information in this file, but there is some in this one. 8. – Would you like
some (a little) beer? – No, thank you. I don’t usually drink beer, but I can
have some with you. 9. – It’s an easy question. Think a little. – Yes, but
I have so little time, just a few minutes. 10. – Is there any butter in the
house? – Quite a little, just for a few sandwiches. 11. We are leaving in
a few days. We have little time. 12. Few people know this rare language.
13. Let’s talk a little after I look through a few papers. 14. There is not
much (little) happiness in this family. 15. Every person wants a little
happiness. 16. There are a few channels on television which I sometimes
watch.
UNIT 10
10.3 1. the. the 2. The, the 3. The, the 4. the, a 5. the. the 6. the. the 7. The, the
8. the, the 9. the 10. The 11. the 12. the, the 13. The, a 14. the 15. the. the
16. The 17. the 18. the. The 19. the. the, the 20. the. a
10.4 1. Close the door, please. It’s cold. 2. – Where are the students? – They
are at the canteen. It’s lunchtime now. 3. The fridge is out of order. What
shall we do with the food (products)? 4. Put the flowers in the water.
5. Do you like the room? It’s yours. 6. The dog is in the yard. 7. What’s
the matter? Why is the secretary so upset? 8. – What’s the weather like
today? – The weather is cold today. 9. – The tea is too hot. – Add a little
milk. – And where is the milk? – The milk is in the fridge. 10. The clock
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10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
is on the fridge. What time is it now? (What’s the time?) 11. The remote
control is on the TV-set. 12. The jeans are not bad. I like them. 13. The
Xerox is in the next room. 14. The canteen opens at 10 o’clock in the
morning. 15. – What’s up? What’s the problem? – The problem is that
we are very hungry. 16. – The money is in the safe, and where are the
keys to the safe? – It’s a big secret.
1. the. a 2. the, the. a 3. the. the 4. the, a 5. the. the 6. the. – 7. the. The
8. the. an 9. a, the 10. the. an 11. The. a 12. The, the, the, – 13. –, the 14. –
, the 15. The, a
1. a. The, the 2. –. the 3. a. the 4. –. a. – 5. the. the, a 6. The. a 7. The 8. a
9. a. – 10. a. – 11. a. –, the, the
1. – Do you like the new building of our university? – Yes, it’s a very
beautiful building, but the rooms are too small. 2. Show me your new
suit. What colour is it? 3. The boy looks like his father. 4. Victor and
Kostya are of the same age. 5. – I have a new friend. – What is your
boyfriend’s name? 6. We have a new teacher. The teacher is competent
ant strict. 7. Eat the pancake which is on the saucer. 8. The information
which (that) we got yesterday is very important. 9. The house is very old.
It is a hundred years old. 10. Once upon a time there lived a king and
a queen. They had a daughter. The daughter’s name was Fiona. 11. The
salad is tasty, but I would add a little apple in it. 12. I don’t like fish, but
the fish which she cooked is delicious. 13. The water in this lake is clean
and there are fish in it. 14. – Who is the author of this novel? – It’s Agatha Christie. 15. The children are already in bed. It is quiet in the house.
1. a, a. The, the 2. an. A, a. The, the, the 3. a, a. The, the, the 4. an, a. a,
the. a 5. a) a b) a. the c) the 6. a) a b) a c) the 7. a) a b) the, the c) a. the
8. a) an. The b) the, an c) the 9. a) – . the b) a c) a. a 10. a) – . – b) The. a
1. the 2. the 3. the, the 4. the, the 5. the 6. the 7. the 8. the, the 9. the
10. the, the 11. The, a 12. the 13. the, – (the) 14. the, the 15. The, the. –.
The
UNIT 11
11.3 1. have, have 2. have 3. have, have 4. has (got) 5. has. has 6. have got.
have 7. have 8. has 9. have 10. has 11. have 12. have 13. have 14. has got.
has 15. has (has got)
11.4 1. She has blue eyes and black hair. She has a very beautiful face. 2. Does
he have a sense of humour? 3. He has a lot of work. He has a very difficult job. 4. I have a rest twice a year. And how often do you rest? 5. –
Have you got a car? – Yes, I’ve got a new car. 6. – It’s time to have a
break and have a snack. – It’s a good idea. 7. The water is warm today.
Let’s have a swim. 8. It’s cold. Let’s have some hot tea. 9. – Have you got
(Do you have) any questions? – We haven’t got (don’t have) any questions. Everything is clear. 10. He has a lot of friends. 11. – Have you got
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many relatives? – No, I haven’t got many relatives. 12. Where do you
usually have dinner? - I dine at home. 13. – He has an alibi. – Does he
really have an alibi? – Yes, he does. 14. We always have fruit on the
table. 15. She has a good reputation. 16. – Do you have an e-mail? – Yes,
I do.
UNIT 12
12.1 1. My parents’ advice. 2. Her sons’ games. 3. Her children’s marks. 4. Fe-
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
lix’s fax. 5. Akunin’s novel. 6. Students’ life, 7. A boys’ school. 8. A women’s magazine. 9. A men’s club. 10. England’s climate. 11. The moon’s surface. 12. The world’s history. 13. A two-weeks’ holiday. 14. Today’s news.
15. The country’s problems.
1. k 2. b 3. m 4. h 5. o 6. g 7. j 8. n 9. d 10. i 11. a 12. c 13. l 14. l 15. f
1. Harris’s 2. Bess’s 3. sister’s 4. children’s 5. friend’s (friends’) 6. month’s
7. women’s 8. girls’ 9. Columbus’s 10. Pythagoras’s 11. Alice’s 12. Elvis’s
13. Gulliver’s 14. teenagers’ 15. Phillips’s 16. grandparents’
1. – 2. This is Liz’s… 3. – 4. – 5. – 6. The girls’ dresses… 7. A girl’s future… 8. – 9. I borrowed Dennis’s… 10. – 11. – 12. – 13. … to the baker’s
14. An hour’s rest… 15. Yesterday’s news… .
1. She put the file on the boss’s table. 2. There is nothing interesting
in today’s papers. 3. It’s Boris’s birthday today. 4. Everybody is tired,
let’s make a ten minute break. 5. My friends’ advice isn’t always good.
6. Where are the keys to the car? 7. Tomorrow I I’ll go to the hairdresser’s and to the cleaner’s. 8. I liked Thomas’s idea. 9. At the end of the
class (lesson) the teacher answers the pupils’ questions. 10. My children’s
future worries me. 11. I like Charles Dickens’s novels. 12. My younger sister’s name is Vera. 13. Those students’ reports were excellent. 14. There
are men’s shirts in this shop. 15. Many children’s toys were made in
China. 16. What was that fellow’s name? 17. The price of petrol is very
important for drivers. 18. – I like Robbie Williams’s songs. – And I like
Enrike Iglesias’s songs. 19. Prince Charles’s hobby is horses. 20. Mr. Harris’s farm is splendid. 21. The Earth’s climate is constantly changing.
UNIT 13
13.3 1. a woman 2. a sister 3. a wife 4. a mother 5. a niece 6. a daughter 7. a
queen 8. a boy 9. a monk 10. a gentleman 11. a bridegroom 12. Mr 13. a
lad 14. a widower 15. an aunt
13.5 1. They (People) say that women are from Venus and men are from Mars.
2. She is a real (true) heroine. 3. Princess Fiona was waiting for her prince.
4. Harry Potter was a wizard. 5. The fairy helped Cinderella to go to the
ball. 6. A (the) Lioness was chasing a (the) horse. 7. Firefighters often risk
their lives. 8. The flight attendant offered drinks to everybody. 9. He is a
Native American. 10. The chairperson of the meeting announced a break.
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11. My sister’s husband is an Afro-American. 12. Our mail-carrier always
comes at 7 o’clock in the morning. 13. There are many women-drivers in
Moscow now. 14. Bill’s wife is a member of Congress. 15. He was a king,
and she was a queen. 16. The bridegroom kissed the bride.
UNIT 14
14.2 1. Does good weather make you happy? It doesn’t make … . 2. Does Irene
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
412
help … ? She doesn’t help… . 3. Do you take your dog …? I don’t take
… 4. Does she prefer …? She doesn’t prefer … . 5. Do students spend…?
They don’t spend… . 6. Does it take…? It doesn’t take…
1. Do. are 2. Does. – doesn’t. is 3. does. takes 4. does. Does 5. Do. does,
doesn’t 6. Do. don’t, is 7. Does. doesn’t, is 8. Do. do, is 9. Does. does, is
10. Does. does. is 11. Do. does, is 12. does. doesn’t, is 13. Does. doesn’t, is
14. does. is 15. Do. don’t. am
1. doesn’t do 2. don’t give 3. doesn’t sell 4. don’t know 5. am not 6. doesn’t
make 7. doesn’t earn 8. doesn’t speak 9. doesn’t work 10. doesn’t attract
11. doesn’t take 12. doesn’t know 13. doesn’t like 14. don’t like 15. doesn’t
like 16. doesn’t have 17. doesn’t have 18. don’t like 19. doesn’t wear
20. don’t like
1. m 2. o 3. n 4. a 5. b 6. l 7. c 8. d 9. e 10. f 11. g 12. h 13. i 14. j 15. k
1. lives, is. puts, picks, goes. puts, gets, does. puts, picks, goes. 2. gets,
opens, says. have, go, comes, have, talk, goes. likes, is. 3. opens, says, are.
am, says. are, is. 4. is, explains, is. are going. is. are going, live. is not, cries.
answers. feels, doesn’t want. are, don’t want, thinks, are.
1. Taras is a programmer. He writes computer programs. 2. – Does your
brother work much (hard)? – Yes, he has a big family. 3. – I am not late,
am I? – No, you are not. You are always on time. 4. It often snows in the
North of England. 5. My bus usually starts at 9 o’clock in the morning.
6. He makes a lot of mistakes because he doesn’t like to think. 7. Students take exams twice a year. 8. My mother likes fruit and vegetables,
but she is not a vegetarian. 9. I write emails and Alexander sends them.
10. – What kind of films do you like to watch? – I like good films. 11. –
You’re a liar! – No, I am not. I am an honest person, I always tell the
truth. 12. Look at the sky. It looks like rain. 13. You always have dinner
at home, don’t you? 14. Maxim’s mother works hard , that’s why (so) he
cleans his room himself. 15. His business brings him big money and a lot
of problems. 16. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 17. My optimism helps me in life. 18. – How long (much time) does it usually take
you to make coffee? – It takes me 5 minutes. 19. Our teacher gives us too
much homework. 20. – What do you do? – I am a teacher. I teach children.
1. Who knows…? What does he know…? About what does he know everything? 2. Who usually gets up …? Do you usually get up…? When do
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you usually get up? 3. Who lives…? Where does she live? 4. Who likes
fast food? What do children like? 5. What does Igor want to become?
6. What do many people play? 7. What kind of car does he drive? 8. Who
has…? When (How often) do you have…? 9. How do many people get…?
10. What do they do? Where do they work? 11. How do they work?
12. What do you often have for dinner? 13. What does your father do?
14. How does she sing? 15. Why do you do it? 16. How long does it take
you…? 17. What kind of job does he want? 18. How (well) does she speak
English?
14.9 1. Nobody knows what he does. 2. He loves her, but she doesn’t believe
him. 3. Girls usually don’t like mathematics. 4. My friend smokes a lot
ant doesn’t want to give up smoking. 5. She usually parks her car in the
yard. 6. – How much does this flower cost? – It costs a hundred roubles.
7. These children make wonderful toys. 8. – Where are you from? – We
are from Spain. 9. – What do you do for a living? – I work in a bookshop. 10. – When does the post (the mail) usually arrive? – It arrives at
7 o’clock in the morning. 11. Why does she always come home late? - She
goes to clubs and then sleeps till dinner. – And what do her parents
think about it? 12. He never complains. He says that when he complains,
nobody listens to him. 13. – What do you think about our new director?
Do you like him? – I don’t know, it’s difficult to say. 14. – How well
do you know these places? – We don’t know them very well. 15. Men
usually like to read newspapers, but my father doesn’t. 16. Our train
starts at five o’clock in the afternoon. 17. The serial begins at 5 o’clock.
My granny watches it with great interest. 18. As soon as she enters the
flat, she turn-on the TV-set. She says that she can’t live without it, as it
makes her happy. 19. Of course (Naturally) I have secrets. Every person
has a few secrets. 20. Denis always tells me news and I like to listen to it.
UNIT 15
15.1 1. Don’t lie to me! 2. Don’t be late! 3. Don’t shout at me! 4. Don’t be angry
with me! 5. Don’t take my mobile! 6. Give my money back! 7. Answer my
questions! 8. Don’t open the door to strangers! 9. Let’s have tea! 10. Don’t
be so noisy! Be quiet! 11. Think twice before you do it. 12. Let’s go and
see a new show!
15.3 1 .Don’t worry! Be happy! 2. Take it easy. 3. Enjoy your life. 4. Never say
never! 5. Don’t pay attention to such things. 6. Stay calm (cool)! 7. Get
lost! Never come here again! 8. Don’t put your money in the bank! Spend
it! But don’t spend too much! 9. Let us be friends. Let’s stay together to
the end. 10. Let the music play, let’s have fun. 11. Visit our site in the
Net. 12. Mind your own business! 13. Never argue with me. Never answer
me back. 14. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do the day after
tomorrow. 15. Be quiet, slow down. 16. Freeze! Dismiss! 17. Let him do as
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he wants. 18. Relax, will you? 19. Don’t open the door to strangers, will
you? 20. – Don’t use mobile phones while driving. It’s dangerous. – I (do)
know it. 21. Choose the language and enter the PIN code. 22. Welcome to
Britain!
UNIT 16
16.2 1. is getting 2. is snowing 3. are hurrying 4. is shining, is not blowing 5. are
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
414
having 6. am wearing. am going 7. is looking 8. are you looking at. am
looking 9. is still sleeping 10. am learning 11. are singing 12. are walking.
are enjoying 13. are you teaching 14. are you feeling. am feeling 15. are
you still looking 16. are you thinking. am thinking 17. are you sitting and
doing. am relaxing 18. Are you kidding? 19. are you getting on. am doing
1. What is she talking about? 2. Who is he sending a message to? 3. What
are the students preparing for? 4. Who are your parents visiting today?
5. What is she complaining about? 6. Who are you calling? 7. Who is
she shouting at? 8. What are you waiting for? 9. What are they talking
about? 10. Who is she quarrelling with? 11. What are you discussing?
12. What is he singing about? 13. Whose friend is learning to drive a car?
14. What is he doing? 15. Where are your children resting at present?
1. The King’s palace stood in a (the) park. 2. The policeman was standing on the crosswords and was regulating the traffic. 3. The stream runs
(flows) through a (the) village. 4. Why is (the) water running in the kitchen? Turn off the tap, please. 5. A beautiful valley lay before us. 6. The
children were lying on the floor and were watching cartoons. 7. The road
led to the school. 8. Susanin was leading the Poles through the forest, farther and farther from Moscow. 9. Her future lies in your hands. 10. The
door stood open. 11. He was standing at the window when I entered the
room. 12. A thick fog hung over the Thames. 13. We were hanging the
picture when he came. 14. This well runs dry in (the) summer. 15. Where
are you running?
1. A. is walking. meets, is going. 2. are you hurrying…? am going. go.
sends. 3. doesn’t … send? 4. doesn’t want, work, gives. 5. see, are limping.
6. go. don’t have. 7. don’t use. says, am getting, try (am trying). 8. are…
wearing, don’t fit? 9. are. rubs, am limping. 10. comes. 11. is coming. don’t
have. 12. don’t worry! don’t argue. is waiting.
1. 1. – What’s going on here? Why are you all laughing? – Andrew is telling us different stories. 2. The weather is getting warmer and warmer,
days are getting longer, and nights are getting shorter. Spring is coming.
3. In spring we usually set our clocks an hour back, and in autumn we set
them an hour forward. 4. Granny is knitting a warm sweater for me. She
knits very well and enjoys doing it. 5. – What are you, kids, doing in the
street? It’s night already. – We are looking for our little dog. 6. Mother is
watching a new Brazilian serial, and I am reading my textbook, I don’t
Ключи к упражнениям
like serials. 7. At present (now) I’m writing my diploma work (project).
I’m working hard at it. 8. We are meeting tomorrow evening and we are
going to a café. 9. – Would you like an ice-cream? – No, thank you, I’m
putting on weight, so I’m trying to lose weight. (I’m slimming). 10. – Look!
It’s snowing. The radio says that it’s raining in England today. 11. – It’s
time to go to bed and you are still sitting at the computer! – Don’t worry, I’m finishing this file. 12. – Where is Masha? – She’s in the garden.
She’s watering the flowers. 13. – What are you looking for here? – I’m
looking for my glove. – You are always losing them! You must buy two
pairs at once. 14. My life is getting more and more interesting. So many
things are happening. 15. – You are eating chips again! Do you like them
so much? – Yes, very (much). 16. – I see that you understand me. – Yes,
I believe you.
16.8 1. He is a great traveller. Right now he is travelling in the East. 2. I don’t
(can’t) understand what you are saying. Speak slowly, please. 3. He thinks
that she’s a wonderful girl. He is constantly thinking about her. (She’s always on his mind). 4. My mum often bakes pies. Today she’s making a
cake, as our friends are coming tonight. 5. I’m listening to you attentively.
What are you planning to do? 6. – Where are the children? – They are
in the sitting-room. – Are they again watching cartoons? – No, they are
playing some game. 7. It’s raining hard, though it never rains in December. 8. – Who are these people and what are they doing here? – Nobody
knows it. 9. – What’s the weather like today? It’s frosty and the sun is
shining brightly. 10. The New Year is coming. People are preparing for it
and are buying presents. 11. It often snows this winter. It is also snowing
at the moment (now). 12. – Who are you waiting for? – I’m waiting for
my friend. It’s 7 o’clock already. I’m afraid that she’s late. 13. Now I’m
sitting at the table in my office. My manager is working on the computer.
The secretary is looking through the e-mail. 14. We are listening to the
concert now. Many famous singers are taking part in it. 15. He’s working in a bookshop now. 16. He’s a busker. He sings in the London Underground. 17. – What book are you reading? – A new detective novel.
It’s very interesting. And do you like detective novels? 18. Why are you
always criticizing people? It’s bad. 19. I can’t believe that at the moment
we are walking along the streets of London and are enjoying the famous
sights. 20. He is thinking of buying a new car, that’s why he works (is
working) from morning till night to earn money.
UNIT 17
17.2 1. j 2. l 3. k 4. m 5. c 6. i 7. d 8. e 9. h 10. g 11. f 12. b 13. a 14.
17.3 1. a. a 2. The, – 3. – . the 4. a, –, a, – 5. an, the, the, a 6. –, – 7. the, a,
a, the 8. a, a. The, the 9. the. a 10. –. an 11. –, –, the. a, – 12. a, the. a. a
13. A, a, – 14. –. – 15. the. a, the 16. The, the. the 17. the. a. a, the. the, a
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17.4 1. is building. Is. likes. doesn’t do. are helping 2. are … doing, are. am
working, don’t work. are … doing. am not working, am resting 3. Are
…, are … kidding, am trying, are behaving 4. are coming, are working.
don’t work 5. are … looking. says, is. am writing, am going 6. Is… getting.
thinks, is impoving. think. see, are thinking
17.5 1. are driving. am standing, is. am watching. is sleeping. is staring. are
chattering. is crying, is trying. is looking. is waiting. starts. are. am, makes,
am doing. are doing. are … crying. is. explains, misses (is missing). am, are.
means. means. Do… understand.
17.6 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. b 8. a 9. c 10. a 11. c 12. b 13. a 14. c 15. a 16. a
17. b
17.7 am teaching, complains, refuses, calls, loves, does, likes, works, likes,
likes, see, thinks, calls, feeds, doesn’t let, queue, doesn’t allow, doesn’t let,
fight, am telling (tell), doesn’t listen
17.8 1. – What a surprise! What pleasant news! – Yes, the news is wonderful.
2. The police are here. The policemen are examining the house. 3. There
is a lot of (much) useful advice in this book. It can help you. 4. It is such
difficult work! Nobody knows how to do it. 5. Old McDonalds has a small
farm. He keeps ten sheep, eight geese, a cow, a goat and two swine on
it. 6. The fish are hungry. Let’s feed them. 7. What sunny weather it is
(we are having) today! It’s spring already. 8. – Do you have any money
with you? – No, I don’t, I put it in the bank. 9. There are only four fish
in my fish-tank. I’m going to buy three more fish. 10. – Fruit is very
useful. There are many vitamins in it. – Yes, but it is very expensive.
11. – What’s the latest news? It’s Sunday today, so there is no news. –
Well, no news is good news. 12. – Where are my clothes? – They are in
the wardrobe. 13. The information is very important. We are just looking through it. 14. My cat likes fish very much. Every day she eats three
fish, but very small. 15. This news doesn’t interest me. I already know it.
16. – Where is the money? I can’t find it anywhere. – I’ve spent it, but
I’ll give it back to you soon. 17. This is a big lake. There are many fish in
it. 18. There are many different fishes at our markets now. 19. – Why is
your hair wet? – It isn’t wet. It is shining, because my shampoo is very
good. 20. Excuse me, but there is a hair on your jacket. Let me brush it
off.
17.9 is sleeping, yawns, goes, are jumping, are running, pulls, slips, puts, clips,
goes, is, is glittering, pushes, leads, bends, unclips, are racing, are hanging, loves, crosses, follows, is, calls, clips, leads, wants.
17.10 1. Why aren’t you listening to me? What are you thinking about? 2. –
What do you think about him? – Everybody likes him, though we don’t
know him very well 3. – What are you reading now? – I am not reading
anything, I am preparing for the tests. The session is coming. 4. – What
are you speaking about? – We are discussing the latest news. – And
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what is the latest news? – It’s simply fantastic. Tomorrow we are flying
to London and are giving three concerts there. 5. It’s a very good doll. It
walks, cries. laughs, opens and closes its eyes. Right now it’s saying “Mama”. 6. The kettle is boiling, the toast is burning, the kids are crying,
and you are still sleeping! 7. – Are you still angry with me? – No, I’m
not. I am trying to teach you good manners. 8. – What are you cooking?
Are you frying fish? – Well, wash your hands and sit to table. It’s time
to have supper. 9. Tanya isn’t going to the cinema with us today. She is
babysitting. She earns a little money in this way. The neighbours often
ask her to sit with their children. 10. The English language is constantly
changing. New words come, old ones leave the language.
17.11 1. opens, throws, puts, picks, hurries, changes, goes, hangs, does, knows,
doesn’t like, takes, has, is, doesn’t have, tries, is, has, goes, works, feels,
thinks.
UNIT 18
18.1 1. Were you born, I wasn’t born 2. Were you, We weren’t 3. Was he, He
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8
wasn’t 4. Were you late, I wasn’t late 5-15. – Follow the table 16. Did he
use to be, He didn’t use to be 17. Did it use to be, It didn’t use to be
1. Did Miss Honey teach, She didn’t teach 2. Did you go, We didn’t go
3. Did you sing, We didn’t sing 4. Did they have, They didn’t have 5. Did
he do, He didn’t do 6-20. – Consult the verbs p. 402
1. What happened 2. Where were they 3. When did Columbus discover
4. Who sent you 5. How long did you prepare 6. Who made 7. What did
she do? 8. Who told you 9. What did Mike buy 10. Who did, How did he
do 11. How many days ago did they come? 12. How much time did it take
you 13. Where were you born? 14. What did she say? 15. What was the
weather like
sat, called, said, starts, was, didn’t say, gave, drank, put, cried, have, had,
brought, went, smiled, told, wanted, thought, asked, are you talking, replied, didn’t have
was crossing, saw, stopped, watched, pulled, was, took, threw, put,
caught, let, go, managed, took, began, could, hide, spoke, said, did you
throw, looked, replied, have
1. wasn’t she 2. didn’t she 3. did you 4. didn’t he 5. did you 6. didn’t they
7. did he 8. were they 9. didn’t she 10. did she 11. did he 12. didn’t it
13. were they 14. wasn’t he 15. was it 16. didn’t he 17. didn’t it
1. were camping, were, was, said, is, am, answered, went, bought
came, told, must, cook, explained, am, do, fried, cut, didn’t want, offered,
to bring, replied, are, am not going, brought, was, invited, do, agreed,
don’t like
travelled, got, talked, read, slept, stopped, took, came, went, was, started,
drove, knew, told, stopped, went, learned (learnt), brought, was, were,
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entered, found, sat, chose, wanted, didn’t cost, were, were talking, laughing, drinking, were speaking (spoke), did, bought, went, were
18.9 1. – Where and when where you born? – I was born twenty years ago in
Moscow. 2. – Where and when did it happen? – It happened a year ago
in the Alps. 3. He’s got a new car. When did he buy it and how much does
it cost? - I didn’t ask him about it. 4. We were sailing down the Volga. It
was fine weather. 5. – When were you at the theatre last? I was there a
month ago. 6. – What happened yesterday? Why didn’t you come? - We
are sorry, we were very busy. We called you but the line was engaged.
7. – Where were you last night? I called you. – I was walking with my
dog. 8. My computer was out of order and I couldn’t type the text. 9. The
train arrived on time, and we were in time for the concert. 10. – What
made you say it? – I just couldn’t lie (tell a lie). 11. He lived in Moscow
for ten years and then moved to the country. 12. My sister went to school
for ten years, then studied at University for five years. Now she works
as a lawyer. 13. – How much time did it take you to get (to find) this
information? – It took me a few hours. 14. – How many times did she
try to enter the Theatrical Institute? – Three times, now she is a famous
actress. 15. – What helped you to get out of this situation? – I was just
lucky. 16. – What did you do to help them? – I did all I could. 17. – Who
said it? – I did. 18. Excuse me, what did you say? I didn’t hear you.
18.10 1. Who were those people? What did they want? – They wanted to see
you, but you were out. 2. – Who wrote this novel? – I’m sorry, but I don’t
remember. 3. The other day I got into a traffic accident, but everything
was all right, nobody suffered. 4. He prepared for the interview for a long
time and passed it very well. 5. I used to run in the park in the mornings,
but last year I gave it up. 6. – How did you manage to get such a good
job? Who offered it to you? – They liked my recommendations. 7. I used
to tell her all my secrets and she let me down in such a way. 8. – Who
recommended you this nanny (babysitter)? Where did you find her? – My
relatives did it, and they were right, because she is exactly what I need.
9. What happened (went wrong) with the printer yesterday? I couldn’t
make the copies. 10. – What restaurant did you go to the other day? – It
was a Chinese restaurant in the centre of the city. – Did you like it? –
Not very much. 11. – What was he like in his childhood? – A very active
boy, and he always asked a lot of questions. We couldn’t always answer
them. 12. – Did you use to wear your elder sister’s clothes? – Yes, sometimes she let me do it, but sometimes I simply didn’t ask her about it.
UNIT 19
19.1 1. was driving 2. was preparing 3. was shopping 4. were watching 5. was
snowing 6. was celebrating 7. were still sleeping 8. was shining, was blowing, were walking 9. was ticking, was burning, were talking and having
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10. were resting 11. was keying 12. was waiting 13. was looking 14. was
reading; were sleeping 15. was working 16. was flashing; was waiting
17. was shouting, was listening
19.2 were, was giving, struck, found, was kissing, were kissing, was trying,
was standing, could, get, met, kissed, went, didn’t like, thought, was,
had, took, was falling, left, were going, sleeps, were full, were eating,
drinking, laughing, were celebrating, chose, was standing, was smiling,
sat
19.3 1. When we were students, we always helped each other (one another).
2. When I looked into the kitchen, my sister was helping our mother to
cook dinner. 3. He was listening to the latest news. It was interesting.
4. We left (went out of) the metro. It was raining hard. 5. It was January.
There were a lot of students at the University. They were taking their
exams. 6. We couldn’t understand what she was saying as she was speaking very quickly. 7. He was chewing something non-stop. It was getting
on my nerves. 8. – Did you go to the doctor? What did he say? – As
usual, he gave me a lot of (much) advice, and now I’ll have to follow it.
9. They lived in Riga for twenty years, and then moved to Moscow. 10. On
Sunday we walked in the park for two hours. While we were walking,
we saw several squirrels. 11. – How much time did you prepare for the
test yesterday? – I studied for three hours. You phoned me just when I
was learning the forms of the verbs. 12. – I waited for you and left. Why
didn’t you come? – I was standing in a traffic jam. 13. We entered the
karaoke club. Everybody was singing and dancing. We stayed there for
a few hours. 14. The film lasted two hours. During the film some people
were coming in and out; somebody was eating popcorn, somebody was
sleeping. 15. I went to school for ten years, studied at University for five
years, and now I’m getting a second education. I hope I’ll be able to do it.
16. We got this short message the other day and sent a fax at once. You
were having talks at that time. 17. He studied in London for five years
and knows this city perfectly. 18. My brother and I used to fight a lot,
but then we grew up, and now we are great friends.
UNIT 20
20.2 1. Can many kids work, A lot of kids can’t work 2. Can they always ask,
They can’t always ask 3. Can she sing, She can’t sing 4. Can you believe,
You can’t believe 5. Can he trust, He can’t trust 6. Will she be able to
leave, She won’t be able to leave 7. Could you get, We couldn’t get 8. Is
your granny able to, My granny isn’t able to 9. Can I give, I can’t give
10. Will your family be able to, My family won’t be able to 11. Can your
parents give, My parents can’t give 12. Was he be able to, He wasn’t able
to 13. Will the detective be able to, He won’t be able to 14. Could he play,
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20.4
20.7
20.8
20.9
He couldn’t play 15. Can she be here, She can’t be here 16. Could the
manager pay, He couldn’t pay
1. Could you close the door and open the window? Thank you. 2. She can
drive a car and she likes (enjoys) it. 3. We can’t change the situation, but
we can try to find a way out of it. 4. Who can answer this question? I
see that Petrov can. 5. – I can’t open this file. Something is wrong with
the computer. – Can it be so? It can’t be true! Half an hour ago it was in
order. 6. You can’t buy health and happiness. 7. I can’t stand (hate) such
things. 8. Could you explain what you are doing here and what you need?
9. – Are you going to change your car? - No, I’ll be able to do it in a year
or two. 10. – We can’t change this money for you. It’s false. – Can it be
so? It just can’t be so! I got it in the bank. 11. You can’t speak to your
parents in such a way. You could be more polite. 12. She is an actress.
She can sing, dance, act any parts. 13. Earlier my brother could play
chess well, but now he can’t even remember the moves. 14. He promises
he’ll be able to find an alibi. And then his lawyer will be able to set him
free. 15. – I can’t believe all this nonsence! Can you? – I could believe all
that, but I am not that silly. 16. Could you turn off your mobile (phone)?
– Of course.
1. can 2. can (may) 3. Could 4. can 5. may 6. may 7. can 8. can 9. can, may
10. can, may 11. can (may) 12. can 13. can, may 14. can, may 15. can, can
1. – May (can)I come in? – Of course, you may (can). 2. Take your umbrella. It may rain. 3. She may learn the truth and I don’t want it. 4. You
can’t smoke here. 5. Call him. He may meet with you. 6. Can (may) we
go home? 7. Phone Boris. He could help. 8. She may not come on time.
9. Don’t do it! It may be dangerous. 10. May I (we) smoke here? – No,
you can’t (may not, mustn’t). 11. – What are you doing tonight? – I don’t
know, I may go to the cinema. 12. – May I speak to the director? – I’m
afraid you can’t. He is very busy. 13. May success attend you! 14. May the
New Year bring you a lot of happiness! 15. Catch me if you can!
1. Could 2. can 3. will be able to 4. can’t 5. ‘ll be able to 6. could 7. can
8. can’t 9. may 10. couldn’t 11. could 12. ‘ll be able to 13. Can 14. may, can
15. could 16. could 17. might 18. Can (Could) 19. would be able to 20. can,
may 21. can 22. May, can’t 23. Can 24. May 25. may, can 26. may
UNIT 21
21.2 1. I must work hard (a lot). I have a family. 2. We must follow (the) rules.
3. – Must we send the fax today? – No, you mustn’t (needn’t). 4. They
are to meet before the meeting. 5. It must be a very important question. 6. What am I to do? What must I tell them? 7. It was to happen.
8. You must understand that it’s very dangerous. 9. He must be very
strong. He is a bodyguard. 10. We are partners and we must help and
trust each other. 11. You look ill. You must go to the doctor. 12. – Must
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we pay for the tickets now? – No, you needn’t. You can do it tomorrow.
13. You must see Italy! 14. You mustn’t tell anyone about it. 15. He is
very rich. He must be a businessman. 16. We have little time. We must
hurry. 17. You mustn’t spend so much money! 18. – Must I follow your
instructions, inspector? – Yes, you must. 19. You must have forgotten
about your promise. 20. Show must go on! 21. You mustn’t sit at the computer for more than forty minutes.
UNIT 22
22.1 1. Does he have to go, He doesn’t have to go 2. Do we all have to do, We
don’t all have to do 3. Did the soldier have to obey, The soldier didn’t
have to obey 4. Should he be kind? He shouldn’t be kind. 5. Ought she
to pay, She oughtn’t to pay 6. Do students have to read, Students don’t
have to read 7. Did the agent have to leave, The agent didn’t have to
leave 8. Do you have to get up, I don’t have to get up 9. Should you have
told her, You shouldn’t have told her 10. Ought he to marry, He oughtn’t
to marry 11. Ought she to keep, She oughtn’t to keep 12. Does he have to
work, He doesn’t have to work 13. Did you have to pay, I didn’t have to
pay 14. Will he have to agree, He won’t have to agree 15. Did you have
to queue, We didn’t have to queue 16. Do we all have to compromise, We
don’t all have to compromise
22.2 1. had to 2. should 3. had to 4. had to 5. should (ought to) 6. ‘ll have to
7. shouldn’t 8. ought to 9. had to 10. should 11. should 12. ‘ll have to
13. has to 14. had to 15. should, ‘ll have
22.3 1. Do you have to study hard to pass your exams well? 2. – Did you have
to speak at the meeting? – No, I didn’t. 3. You shouldn’t be late for the
lectures. 4. She should listen to her parents’ advice. 5. He shouldn’t have
followed their advice. 6. You should smile more often. 7. She had to lie.
She shouldn’t have done it. 8. Excuse me, but I have to call my friend.
9. – Why did you have to leave the party so early? – I had to return to
the office. 10. Something was wrong with the car and we had to call a
taxi. 11. How many times a week do you have to shop? 12. You should
apologize. 13. – I don’t feel quite well. – You shouldn’t have eaten so
much! 14. She looks tired. She should rest for a few days. 15. It’s already
late. The children should go to bed.
UNIT 23
23.1 1. Do you need, I don’t need 2. Do you need to hurry? We don’t need to
3. Do they need, They don’t need 4. Did he need, He didn’t need 5. Does
she need to get up, She doesn’t need to 6. Did you need to see us? We
didn’t need to 7. Does he need, He doesn’t need 8. Do my children need
to, Your children don’t need to 9. Do they need, They don’t need 10. Do
you need to see us? We don’t need to 11. Do you need to, I don’t need
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Ключи к упражнениям
to 12. Does the boy need, The boy doesn’t need 13. Does she need to tell,
She doesn’t need to tell 14. Does everybody need, Everybody doesn’t
need.
23.2 1. don’t need (needn’t) 2. mustn’t (needn’t), don’t need to 3. didn’t have
4. mustn’t 5. needn’t (don’t need to) 6. mustn’t 7. must 8. must, have to
9. must, don’t need to 10. mustn’t 11. had to 12. Need 13. need 14. mustn’t
15. doesn’t have to
23.3 1. – I need true friends. – And who doesn’t need them? 2. He needed a
big sum of money and we had to help him. 3. You don’t need to tell all
the details. We’ll be able to understand everything. 4. We needn’t have
taken a taxi. The railway station isn’t far from here. 5. Do you really
need this cassette? You don’t need to buy it. I can give you mine. 6. You
needn’t have visited the doctor. You just need a rest. 7. It’s raining again.
I needn’t have washed the windows. 8. We didn’t need to call them. They
themselves came to see us. 9. – Must we stay here? – No, you needn’t,
you may go. 10. You don’t need to (needn’t worry). Everything will be
fine, you must believe me. 11. The fridge was full. So we didn’t need to
buy food. 12. You needn’t have deceived us. We know the truth. 13. – I
must know the English language. – Do you really need it? – Yes, very
much. 14. – You must wear glasses. – Yes, I should have bought them
long ago. 15. – Must I invite all my friends to my birthday party? – No,
you don’t need to (needn’t). You can invite the most close ones. 16. You
need to recharge the battery. 17. I must pay the telephone bill this week.
UNIT 24
24.1 1. good, well 2. good 3. well 4. good, well 5. well, good 6. good, well 7. good,
well 8. good, good 9. good, well 10. good, well 11. good, well 12. good, well
13. good, well 14. good, well 15. well, good
24.2 1. You speak French well. 2. He thinks quickly. 3. Brian eats slowly. 4. I
listen carefully. 5. She drives well. 6. Ali runs fast. 7. They played very
well. 8. She dances wonderfully. 9. He sings perfectly. 10. I answered well
at the exam. 11. The children behaved quietly. 12. The agent answered
positively. 13. They behave badly. 14. He smiled pleasantly. 15. It snowed
heavily outside. 16. Computers changed our life greatly. 17. I can do this
task easily.
24.3 1. He is a serious man. He does everything seriously. 2. The child is feeling bad and is behaving badly. 3. She works hard. She hardly ever rests.
4. It’s a fast train. It’ll take us to Moscow fast. 5. It’s clear. Now I understand everything clearly. 6. It’s a universal truth. 7. He is universally
known. 8. I feel helpless in such situations. 9. She was smiling helplessly.
10. We’ll take urgent measures. We’ll answer you immediately. 11. – How
are you feeling? – Thank you, very well. But my granny is feeling bad.
12. – There are sudden changes in the weather. – Yes, it often changes
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suddenly. 13. – The flowers smell wonderful. – Yes, and they look wonderful. 14. Your words sound great! 15. He is a cool guy! He seems happy.
16. Why are you speaking so coldly with us? 17. – We are cold. – And we
are hot. 18. We are absolutely different people. 19. Now he is behaving in
an absolutely different way. 20. – Don’t speak badly about other people.
You are not a bad man, are you? – Thank you.
24.4 1. The juice tastes sour. 2. It sounds great. 3. Try to stay cool. 4. His words
sounded strange. 5. The salad tastes spicy. 6. Those were hard times.
7. These berries smell so good. 8. Don’t worry, the child is feeling well.
9. They kept silent. 10. They left the house silently. 11. The weather remains cold. 12. You look great today. 13. Her English is very bad. 14. You
did this work badly. 15. She looks awful. 16. I am awfully thankful to
you. 17. The dinner smells good. 18. The roses smell so good! 19. The beer
tastes bitter. 20. The child was crying bitterly.
24.5 1. k 2. l 3. j 4. m 5. g 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. d 10. e 11. o 12. f 13. g 14. h 15. i
UNIT 25
25.1 1. a 2. a 3. the, the 4. the, a 5. a, the 6. a 7. –, the 8. the, the 9. a, a 10. the,
25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
a, the 11. a, the 12. the, a 13. a, a 14. an 15. a 16. a, the 17. the, the 18. 18.
The, – 19. the, the 20. a 21. a, a 22. a, the
1. e-mails 2. makes, gives 3. works (is working), likes, is doing 4. go, love
(‘m loving) 5. does, asks 6. knows, is lying 7. doesn’t sleep, sleeps 8. rings,
says 9. could read, was 10. says, is, is 11. are, doesn’t make 12. lasts
13. slips 14. am phoning, are 15. is anyone sitting, is 16. are … wearing, am
trying
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. a 9. c 10. c 11. c 12. a 13. c 14. c 15. a
1. gave 2. were, happened 3. Did you have, were 4. did you arrive 5. told
6. did I leave 7. Did you see 8. swapped, drove 9. bought, spent 10. was,
loved 11. came, were 12. were, knew, are 13. doesn’t matter, is 14. is going up
1. Together we can do it. But we must work hard. 2. I can’t wait. I must
hurry. I have to be punctual. 3. Your children must eat a lot of fruit. You
should pay attention to their diet. 4. – Do you have to get up early in
the mornings? – Yes, I do. Classes start at9 o’clock, and I can’t be late.
5. You must be more polite. You can’t (mustn’t) speak in such a way!
6. – We must start the meeting at 12 o’clock. Will you be able to say a
few words? – I will. 7. – Can we watch one more film? – No, you can’t.
It’s already 10 o’clock in the evening. – Can it be so late already? I can’t
believe it. 8. – You should think about your future. – You don’t need to
(needn’t)worry about me. 9. Don’t be angry. But you could do it for me
now. 10. – Where are the children? – They must be still at school. – Yes,
but you must always know where they are. 11. I’m afraid that I won’t
be able to do anything for you. You’ll have to ask somebody else. 12. You
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must be more economical! You can’t afford to buy such expensive things.
13. Ask Nikita. He may know Denis’s phone number. 14. Well, we agree
to meet after the lecture. It’s a must! 15. – You need a mobile phone,
don’t you? – No, I don’t.
25.7 1. can’t she 2. can you 3. don’t we 4. don’t they 5. need you 6. didn’t
she 7. didn’t he 8. mustn’t you 9. shall we 10. shall we 11. shouldn’t we
12. mustn’t he 13. oughtn’t you 14. may he not 15. couldn’t you 16. don’t
we 17. won’t you 18. don’t we 19. did she 20. will they
25.8 was, went, left, died, became, was, was, decided, to go, made, began,
built, broke, flew, gave, set, designed, manufactured, founded, crashed,
didn’t die, got, flew, went, bought, led, didn’t smoke, drink, gamble, died,
left
25.9 1. There was nothing interesting in the magazine. I was just looking at
the pictures. 2. – Must I type this text now? – No, you needn’t, you can
do it tomorrow. 3. Everybody knows that there are spots on the Moon.
You can see them in good weather. 4. He couldn’t forget that girl. He
was constantly thinking about her. (She was always on his mind). 5. –
Do you want to become a millionaire? Then you should take part in this
show. – I’m afraid that I won’t be able to answer all the questions. 6. He
never read any books. He was playing computer games non-stop. 7. You
mustn’t cross the street when the light is red. 8. – Who knows what
may happen tomorrow? – You should be more sure of your future. Only
then you’ll be able to make a good career. 9. Last year he lost his job. He
couldn’t find another in his little town and went to London. 10. You can
(may) take this dictionary. I don’t need it any more. 11. Lera doesn’t have
to get up early as she lives opposite the University. 12. When the boss
(chief) entered the office, the secretary was speaking on the phone, the
manager was having coffee, the girls were looking through glossy mags.
13. – Must I send the fax right now? – No, you needn’t. You can do it
in an hour. 14. – I have to admit that I won’t be able to take part in the
conference, though I was to. – You needn’t (don’t need to) worry about
it. I can do it. 15. – It must be true. – Can it be true? It can’t be true.
UNIT 26
26.1 1. What 2. Where 3. What 4. Where 5. When 6. How 7. What 8. Where
9. Whom 10. How long 11. How much
26.2 1. Will, won’t 2. Will, won’t 3. Will, won’t 4. shall, shall 5. will, will 6. will
7. Shall, will 8. Will, won’t 9. Shall, will 10. won’t 11. will 12. won’t, shall
13. will 14. will 15. will 16. Shall, will 17. will 18. won’t, shall, will, will
26.3 1. – Shall I call you tomorrow? – It’s Sunday tomorrow. I’ll sleep till 12
o’clock in the daytime. Call me after 12, will you? 2. – Where will the
festival take place? – It’ll be, as usual, in Venice. Shall we go there?
3. – What shall we have for supper today? – Let’s order pizza, shall we?
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4. – Will there be many people at this concert? – Well, shall we try to
get tickets? 5. – How old will your son be this year? – He’ll be six (years
old). – Will he go to school in autumn? – Yes, he will. 6. – Will it be
possible to get this information? We shall (will) do our best (everything
possible). 7. – Where will you see the New Year? – As usual, I’ll be at
home with my family. 8. Excuse me, will you? 9. Nobody knows what
will (may) happen in future. 10. He hopes that she will agree to become
his wife. 11. Don’t tell them anything. It will (It’ll) be a surprise. 12. In a
year my son will graduate from (the) University and my daughter will
finish school. 13. – I will never deceive you. – And I will never believe
you. 14. – Be careful. Don’t drive the car too fast. – Don’t worry, I will
be careful. 15. Shall I make a cup of tea for you? Will you have green or
black tea? 16. – Well, what will you say to this? – I won’t say anything.
I’ll keep silent. 17. – Let’s meet in the centre one of these days. – All
right, I’ll (will) come. Where shall I wait for you? 18. There won’t be any
changes in the nearest future. 19. – Shall I wait for you? – Yes, please,
I’ll be ready in a minute. 20. – When shall we see you again? – We shall
let you know.
26.4 1. will 2. will 3. will 4. shall (will) 5. will 6. Will, shall 7. Will, will 8. won’t
9. will 10. Shall 11. will, will 12. will 13. Shall, will 14. will
UNIT 27
27.3 1. Don’t leave, we’ll be having tea soon. 2. I can’t believe that tomorrow we’ll be walking along the streets of London. 3. Tomorrow we’ll
visit Parliament. The members of Parliament will be discussing the latest events in the world. 4. Put the textbooks into your bag tonight, or
tomorrow morning you’ll be running about the house again. 5. – Sonya
is giving a party tomorrow, are you coming? – Unfortunately not. I’ll
be taking an exam tomorrow. 6. Why did you take Liza’s umbrella?
She’ll be looking for it tomorrow. 7. I can easily describe to you what
my family will be doing on the New Year’s Eve: Mum will be laying
the table, Dad will be cooking a turkey with apples, and the children
will be decorating the New Year tree. 8. Don’t call me from 8 till 10
o’clock. I’ll be working in the Internet. 9. Tomorrow at this time we’ll
be very busy. We’ll be preparing for the concert. 10. – What will you be
doing at this time tomorrow? – I’ll be relaxing, I mean I’ll be resting.
11. What are you going to wear for the party? – I’ll be wearing a red
dress. 12. Let’s go to professor Higgins’s lecture. He’ll be speaking about
the latest trends (tendencies) in the English language. 13. Don’t worry, I
won’t forget you. I’ll be thinking about you day and night. I’ll be always
remembering your smile. 14. At this time tomorrow, young man, you’ll
be answering our questions. 15. All next week I’ll be preparing for the
exams.
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UNIT 28
28.2 1. we’ll be late 2. he comes 3. they return 4. we’ll go out 5. he’ll lose his
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6
28.7
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job 6. we go to the North capital 7. I change my job 8. you come home
9. he’ll be arrested 10. he gets to the office 11. the rain stops 12. they finish the game 13. they ask for it 14. he needs these data 15. the inspector
comes 16. you need it 17. we’ll talk about it 18. she feels unwell 19. you
have a rest
1. goes, we’ll meet 2. ‘ll have 3. wants, ‘ll get 4. ‘ll try, closes 5. keeps, ‘ll
feel 6. won’t speak, apologizes 7. doesn’t rain, ‘ll paint 8. ‘ll have, rises 9. ‘ll
know, e-mails 10. ‘ll stay, comes 11. finishes, won’t be able 12. doesn’t
work, ‘ll think 13. goes, ‘ll buy 14. ‘ll try, come 15. learns, ‘ll be 16. improves, will feel 17. ‘ll have, calls 18. is, ‘ll go 19. gets, ‘ll fax 20. ‘ll start,
graduates
1. If people have …, they’ll go travelling. 2. If my friend has …, we’ll go
somewhere. 3. If Marina doesn’t come …, I’ll call her. 4. If you are … ,
we’ll go to a café. 5. If she marries … she won’t be happy. 6. If she calls…,
she’ll get useful advice. 7. If Kostya Dzu wins…, his fans will be happy.
8. If it snows, we’ll go skiing. 9. If many people leave…, there’ll be no
traffic jams on the roads. 10. If he becomes …, she’ll marry him. 11. If he
gets…, he’ll get a good education. 12. If we are …, we’ll earn good money.
13. If the police find… he’ll be very happy. 14. If she comes …, she’ll enjoy it. 15. If Mr. Parker joins … , he’ll meet many interesting people.
1. gives, ‘ll feel 2. buy, arrive 3. works, ‘ll help 4. shows, ‘ll be 5. ‘ll send,
is 6. are, ’ll call 7. is, ‘ll go 8. is, ‘ll have to 9. opens, will be 10. arrives, ‘ll
go 11. doesn’t come, won’t be able 12. comes, ‘ll go 13. ‘ll take, are 14. ‘ll
have, comes 15. gets, ‘ll leave
1 – 18 – Future Simple.
1. I’m sure you’ll understand the problem as soon as she tells you everything. 2. If it gets cold, I’ll put the car in the garage. 3. If the train comes
on time, we’ll be at home at 7 o’clock in the evening. 4. If he gets the
fax today, he’ll be able to fly here tomorrow. 5. If it snows, it’ll become
warmer. 6. Make him tell you the truth. If he doesn’t do it now, he will
always lie. 7. – I wonder when we shall meet? – We’ll meet as soon as he
passes all the exams. 8. I don’t know yet when I’ll be free. But if it isn’t
very late, I’ll visit you. 9. If he wins the prize, he’ll be able to buy many
things which he needs badly. 10. Let’s run home before it starts raining.
11. If she writes a new novel, it will surely become a bestseller. 12. Nobody knows when it will happen. 13. He hopes that when they learn the
truth, they’ll forgive him. 14. If she tries, she’ll be able (manage) to pass
the interview. 15. He’ll come to the party in case you invite him personally. 16. She won’t come to the party if you don’t invite her personally.
17. If someone calls, I’ll leave a note for you. 18. Nobody knows if the
summer will be hot or cold. 19. We’ll discuss this question, as soon as ev-
Ключи к упражнениям
erybody comes. 20. If he doesn’t hurry, he won’t make so many mistakes.
21. If the news is important, I’ll send you a fax. 22. If your friend takes
part in the show “Who wants to become a millionaire?”, he’ll definitely
win a big sum of money. He’s such a clever fellow.
28.8 1. is carrying, is walking and thinking, come, ‘ll find, sell, don’t think, ‘ll
get,is,’ll buy, ‘ll have, grow up, ‘ll take, sell, ‘ll go, buy, ‘ll look, put on,
‘ll walk, see, ‘ll stop, say, is, is wearing, hear, won’t say, ‘ll give a shake,
gave, came
28.9 1. As soon as everybody comes, we’ll have dinner. But we don’t know
exactly when our parents will come. 2. Ask her if she’ll come to the
party. If she agrees, everybody will be glad. 3. He’ll send a fax as soon
as she arrives in Rome. He doesn’t know if he’ll stay there for a day or
for a week. 4. If the producer gets the money, he’ll make a fine film. But
nobody knows when he’ll get it. 5. I wonder if it’ll rain tomorrow? If it
doesn’t, we’ll go to the country. 6. Max’s parents won’t give him any
pocket money till he corrects his bad marks. He doubts if he’ll be able
to do it. 7. Ask her if she’ll agree to help us. If she does it, we’ll have no
problems. 8. If the spaceship reaches this planet, scientists will get a lot
of interesting information. I wonder if it will happen soon? 9. – If I have
this coffee, I won’t be able to fall asleep tonight. – I’d like to know when
you’ll stop having coffee in the evenings? 10. I’ll do it later if I have time.
But I don’t know when I’ll have it. 11. Nobody must leave till the manager comes back, but nobody knows when he’ll come. 12. If we don’t get
the fax today, we’ll have to fly to London tomorrow. – I wonder if we’ll
be able (manage) to buy tickets?
28.10 1. won’t wait, are 2. gets, ‘ll collect 3. runs, won’t be able 4. switches, ‘ll
read 5. don’t know, ‘ll get, is, ‘ll email
UNIT 29
29.1 1. amusing, amused 2. bored, boring 3. shocked, shocking 4. challenging,
challenged 5. interested, interesting 6. exciting, excited 7. tiring, tired
8. surprising, surprised 9. disappointed, disappointing 10. excited, exciting 11. tired, tiring 12. interested, interesting 13. depressing, depressed
14. challenging, challenged 15. drowned, drowning
29.2 1. I don’t like horror films. I’m always scared. 2. It was a tiring day. We
were very tired. 3. She always looks worried. 4. – Are you satisfied with
your job? - Yes and no. 5. My son is interested in computers. 6. – Are
they married? – No, they are just engaged. 7. The news was shocking.
8. My car is gone. I’m shocked. 9. I’m so pleased to see you. 10. The child
was frightened by this dog. 11. He wasn’t prepared for this exam. 12. I’m
bored with this life. There’s nothing exciting in it. 13. We got lost in the
forest yesterday. 14. She left me and my heart is broken. 15. You are
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mistaken, it’s not so. 16. She was devoted to her family. 17. This man was
drowned two years ago. 18. A drowning man catches at a straw.
29.3 1. of 2. of 3. from 4. from 5. of 6. from 7. of 8. – of, of 9. of 10. of 11. of
12. from 13. of 14. from 15. from 16. from 17. from 18. of, of 19. of 20. of
21. from 22. of 23. from
29.4 1. Glass is made from sand. 2. Petrol is made from oil. 3. The carpet is
made of wool. 4. – What is this ring made of? – Of white gold. 5. The belt
is made of textile and beads. 6. Cheese, butter, sour cream are made from
milk. 7. The blouse is very expensive, it’s made of pure silk. 8. Paper is
made from wood. 9. Flour is made from corn. 10. Flakes are made from
wheat or corn. 11. The best wines are made from grapes. 12. This crème
is made of different fruits. 13. Winter clothes should be made of wool.
14. Whisky is a strong alcohol made from corn. 15. The box is a made
of wood. 16. The hat is made of straw. 17. The case is made of plastic.
18. The pan is made of cast iron. 19. The trousers are made of cotton.
20. The coat is made of cashmere. 21. Ships are made of iron. 22. Office
equipment is usually made of plastic. 23. This dress is made of cashmere.
24. The metro is usually overcrowded in the morning. 25. I’m worried
about my children’s future. 26. This fur coat is made of fox. 27. We were
surprised that the bank was closed. 28. I’m tired, I’m exhausted, I’m
hurt. 29. My old life is finished. My new life starts on Monday. 30. She
was disappointed in him and they were divorced last year.
UNIT 30
30.1 1. Has he bought …. 2. He hasn’t bought. 3. Have you sent, I haven’t sent.
4. Has she made, She hasn’t made 5. Have the children gone, The children haven’t gone. 6-16 Follow the model
30.2 1. yet 2. yet 3. already 4. yet, already 5. yet, already 6. already 7. yet
8. already, yet 9. yet, already 10. already 11. already, yet 12. already, yet
13. already, yet 14. yet, already 15. yet (already), already
30.4 1. has passed 2. hasn’t come 3. have done 4. have studied, have written
5. has forgotten 6. Have you had 7. haven’t seen, has fallen ill 8. have just
called, (have) invited 9. has gone 10. has already learned 11. has come
12. has eaten, haven’t tasted 13. have already grown up 14. has lived
15. haven’t looked through 16. has thrown away 17. have cut 18. has already made 19. has been 20. haven’t met, we’ve been
30.5 1. – Have you already bought presents for Christmas? – Yes, I’ve bought
all that I need. 2. In the summer I’m going to read all the books which
I haven’t read yet. 3. My dear cat has just broken my favourite cup.
4. –Have you watered the flowers? – Not yet. 5. – He has become a different man! – Yes, he has changed greatly. He has grown a beard. 6. She
has lived a difficult, but interesting life. 7. – Have you changed your
telephone number? – No, I’ve just moved to a new flat. 8. We’ve learnt
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ten French words today. 9. – Has he switched off the iron? - She has
again forgotten to do it! 10. Here is my copybook. I’ve corrected all my
mistakes. 11. He has just finished his work, switched off the computer
and is going home. 12. – Has he already washed his car? – Yes, he likes
his car very much and does it every day. 13. – Take your umbrella, it’s
raining. – I’ve already put it in my bag. 14. – Look, the snow has covered
everything around. – Yes, winter has come at last. 15. – Have you passed
the exam? – All the students have, but Nina hasn’t. We haven’t seen her
lately at all.
30.6 1. – Have you seen, haven’t seen 2. have lost, Have you seen, haven’t
seen 3. has crashed 4. has already taken off 5. have won 6. has just arrived 7. has left 8. haven’t seen, haven’t been, have been 9. Have you
finished, have written 10. – Have you spoken, have just called 11. – Have
they replied, have just got 12. Have you seen, have left 13. has collapsed,
have lost 14. have done, have always wanted 15. has stopped, has come
out 16. has fallen 17. Have you changed, have already bought 18. Has …
left, hasn’t passed
UNIT 31
31.3 1. been 2. been 3. gone 4. been, been 5. gone 6. been, been (gone) 7. been
8. been 9. gone 10. been, gone 11. gone 12. been 13. gone 14. been 15. gone
31.4 1. – I have been, was in England twice. And have you ever been there?
- I have just been to the British Isles. 2. – Have you always been so
absent-minded? – Unfortunately yes. 3. – Children, have you taken off
your shoes? – I have, but, Masha hasn’t. She has forgotten about it. 4. He
has never in his life washed up. He has been lazy all his life. 5. – Why
didn’t he call me? – He has just flown to the States. 6. – Have you ever
seen deer in the forest? – I haven’t, but my father saw them last year.
7. – Have you heard the latest news? Is it interesting? – No, I haven’t
heard it yet. 8. Autumn has come. I have never liked this season. 9. He
hasn’t arrived yet. I’m afraid that something has happened. 10. Now I
understand how much I’ve missed you. Where have you been all this
time? 11. – Have you ever rested abroad? – No, I am a student, but I’ve
always wanted to see the world. 12. He has never liked Japanese food. He
hates it. 13. – Who knows Boris’s address? – Nobody does, he has just
moved to a new flat and I haven’t seen him lately. Let’s call his mother.
14. – This is my son. – I haven’t seen him for so long. Where has he been
all this time? – He has been (was) in America. 15. Life has changed so
much! Computers, mobile phones, the Internet have become part of our
life.
31.5 1. Have you ever spoken 2. have never been, has just come 3. have
been, have never trusted 4. Have you ever ridden 5. have never discussed 6. have never met 7. Have you ever travelled 8. have never grown
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9. Have you tried, have cooked, have never tasted 10. have never let
down 11. have learnt 12. has fallen in love 13. Have you ever rested,
have been 14. has gone 15. has been married 16. have been 17. Have you
bought, haven’t used 18. all the people have gone, have gone
UNIT 32
32.2 1. for 2. for 3. since 4. for 5. since 6. for 7. since 8. for 9. for 10. since
11. since 12. since 13. since 14. since 15. since 16. for
32.4 1. has been, caught 2. haven’t met, emigrated 3. has been 4. haven’t had,
began 5. have known, were 6. haven’t been 7. have owned, moved 8. has
made, began 9. have been, haven’t found 10. has changed, got 11. haven’t
had, flew 12. Have you been, entered, have been, were 13. have had, got
14. has become, started 15. has been, got 16. have been, came
32.5 1. I’ve been at the University since morning, we’ve had two classes, one
seminar, but we haven’t had the lecture yet. 2. They’ve been partners
since they founded this firm. 3. Many years have passed since we met.
4. I haven’t been on the Black Sea for a few years already. 5. The holidays have just finished, and I understand how much I’ve missed my
student life. 6. The car has been out of order since you took it last week.
7. The people have been out in the field since the sun rose. 8. I have had
this watch for ten years already and it has never stopped even for once.
9. I’ve read this book many times and I’m going to read it again. I like it
very much. 10. He has become very aggressive since he lost his job. 11. I
haven’t had anything since morning, but I’ve had two cups of coffee.
12. – Have you eaten the apples which you took to the school? – Yes, I
ate them during the interval. 13. If you have washed your hands, kids,
sit to table. We are going to have tea. 14. Has anyone seen my mobile
phone? It was on the table a minute ago. 15. – I’ve found the file which
you need. – Where did you find it? – It was in the drawer of the table.
16. Your English has considerably improved since I heard you in January.
17. They haven’t been anywhere since they had a child. 18. Prices have
gone up lately. 19. So far I haven’t done much to help you. 20. These
are the books which I have had for about twenty years. 21. Nothing of
the kind has ever happened to me before. 22. It hasn’t rained here for a
very long time. 23. Since I broke my hand, I’ve been unable to play tennis. 24. I’ve never had any problems with my children and I hope that
I never will. 25. You haven’t explained to us yet why you’ve come here
and what you need.
UNIT 33
33.1 1. were, went 2. Have you ever been, haven’t been 3. invented 4. has invented 5. has just offered 6. have lost 7. lost 8. got married 9. have just
got married 10. went, hasn’t come 11. wasn’t, was 12. hasn’t come, has
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Ключи к упражнениям
been 13. spoke 14. haven’t spoken 15. happened 16. has changed 17. called
18. haven’t made 19. has been 20. was
33.3 1. hasn’t read, left 2. ‘ve bought, have just typed 3. has already sold
4. have shown 5. has happened, saw 6. Have you ever been, went 7. Have
you missed, missed 8. hasn’t spoilt, has become 9. have had, haven’t managed 10. haven’t had, had 11. has Lucy had, started 12. have been engaged, left 13. Have you always had, have had 14. have decided, ‘ve
decided, did you decide, thought 15. hasn’t rained 16. seemed, have taken
33.4 1. – What did you say? –I didn’t say anything. 2. – Why did you do (have
you done) it? – I can’t tell you. 3. – How did it happen? – I don’t remember anything. 4. – Who invited you to the party? – One of my friends.
5. Where did you first meet? 6. – Who gave you such wonderful flowers?- My friend did. 7. What happened last night? 8. Why weren’t you at
your work last Friday? 9. Which of the two topics have you finally chosen? 10. What did you start this conversation for? 11. Why didn’t you call
me yesterday? I waited for a long time. 12. Who has broken the window?
Who has done it? 13. I haven’t met with my friends this week. 14. This
month I haven’t bought anything new for myself. 15. Many events have
happened this year. 16. I haven’t read anything interesting for so long!
17. I read this novel long ago, I don’t even remember its author. 18. We’ve
been here too long. It’s time to go home. 19. We were in Sochi many
years ago. The city has changed greatly since then. 20. We met long ago
and we’ve been friends since. But we haven’t seen each other for a long
time, actually, for half a year. Everybody is so busy. 21. – Where did you
put my passport? – I haven’t seen it. 22. – Where did you go? - I was at
the canteen. 23. Where has she gone? I need her badly.
UNIT 34
34.1 1. Has it been raining , It hasn’t been raining 2. Have clients been waiting, Clients haven’t been waiting 3. Has the baby been crying, The baby
hasn’t been crying 4-14. Follow the model.
34.4 1. – Are, founded, have been working 2. ‘ve been thinking, ‘ve just made
3. – Have you ever done, ‘ve been doing 4. won’t be able, ‘ve been drinking 5. did I leave, ‘ve just been speaking 6. has he had, bought 7. has fallen ill, caught, is feeling (feels) 8. came, is, ‘ve been waiting 9. Are, have
just had 10. has been, ‘s been working 11. ‘ve found, ‘ve been looking
12. have been working, ‘ve brought 13. Have you lived, ‘ve been doing
14. has been trying, hasn’t managed 15. did you open, wanted 16. have
you opened
34.5 1. They’ve been discussing this question for a very long time but so far
(they) haven’t decided anything. 2. We haven’t met since he left for London. But all this time we’ve been corresponding. 3. – Why is your hair
wet? – I’ve been swimming. 4. Where are my glasses? Where did I leave
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Ключи к упражнениям
(have I left) them again? Why am I always losing them? 5. The police
have been watching after him for a few days already and are going
to arrest him. 6. – I’ve been here for half an hour already. And where
have you been? – I was (have been) at the laboratory. 7. He has a small
business. He has had it for a few years already. 8. – Have you read the
instruction to the telephone? – Yes, I did it a minute ago. 9. We’ve just
been in a pet shop and have bought a lot of food for our dog. 10. – Look!
The box is empty. Someone has eaten all the sweets! – It’s definitely
Liza. She has always been a chocaholic. – And I haven’t tasted a single
sweet. 11. She is upset. She’s just been in the bank, but her money hasn’t
come yet. 12. – Forgive me! – I’ve already forgiven you and have forgotten everything. 13. – You’ve been chewing all the time that we’ve been
talking with you. Haven’t you heard that it’s bad? – Yes, it’s a bad habit.
14. – Have you heard the latest news? – And who hasn’t heard it? Everybody knows it already. 15. – Have you ever tried to give up smoking?
– I’ve tried to do it many times but so far I haven’t managed to do it.
16. – And how long has it been going on? – It all started last year.
UNIT 35
35.3 1. easier 2. better, worse 3. bigger 4. the most beautiful 5. bigger 6. colder
7. warmer, warmer 8. the worst 9. the most important 10. more clever
11. younger 12. lighter 13. the smartest, the kindest 14. the best 15. longer, less 16. more expensive 17. easier 18. more interesting 19. easier
20. the most difficult 21. longer
35.6 1. j 2. g 3. l 4. a 5. b 6. m 7. c 8. n 9. d 10. e 11. f 12. h 13. i 14. k
35.7 1. as, as 2. as, as 3. than 4. than 5. than 6. than 7. as, as 8. than 9. than
10. as, as 11. than 12. than 13. so (as), as 14. as (so), as 15. than 16. than
35.8 1. The New Year is the most wonderful holiday in the year. 2. A book is
the best gift. 3. The sooner you leave the country, the better. 4. It’s the
most delicious pie I’ve ever tasted. 5. The more I think about it, the less
I understand it. 6. There’s nothing better than a cup of hot chocolate.
7. Try to make your report as short as possible. 8. There’s nothing more
important for him than his career. 9. Of the two brothers Henry is more
clever. 10. Honey is the sweetest product. 11. Which of the two medicines
is more effective? 12. The more people come to the party, the better.
13. The less you know, the better. 14. He isn’t as clever as you think.
15. The Russian language is much more difficult than English. 16. Our
new car is much bigger and much more expensive than the old one.
17. It’s the least that I can do for you. 18. It was the worst day in my life.
19. My friend often explains grammar rules to me, as I know grammar
much worse than she does. It’s my weakest point.
35.11 1. Fax is the most effective means of communication. 2. Our city is becoming more and more beautiful. 3. The situation now is much worse
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than I thought. 4. The Vatican is the smallest state in Europe. 5. – When
shall we meet? – The sooner the better. 6. Everest is the highest peak
in the world. 7. He is training hard. He wants to be the strongest boy in
his team. 8. You are wrong. And the sooner you understand it the better for you. 9. He’s the laziest fellow I’ve ever met. 10. The second book
is much more interesting than the first one. 11. My birthday is the best
day for me in the year. 12. – Is the weather changing for the better or
for the worse? – I haven’t heard the weather forecast for today. 13. Different shows are getting more and more popular on television. 14. Robert
is as smart as his father. 15. It’s the cutest child I’ve ever seen. 16. Metro
is the most convenient transport in big cities. 17. Of the two brothers
Sergei is more serious. 18. He is the most able of my students. 19. Australia is the smallest continent , but it is the biggest island in the world.
20. Though Veronika is as old as we all are she’s the most talented of us.
21. A (The) dictionary is the most reliable source of information. 22. My
younger brother says that he’ll do his best to get the highest marks. But
he also thinks that the more we study the more we know, and the more
we know the more we forget. And the more we forget the less we know.
So, why should we study?, he says.
UNIT 36
36.1 I. 1. the latest 2. later 3. the latest 4. the latest 5. later 6. the former, the
latter 7. the latest 8. the last, the latest 9. the latest 10. last 11. the last,
last
II. 1. nearer 2. nearer 3. nearer 4. nearest 5. The next 6. Next 7. the next
8. next 9. The nearest 10. nearer 11. The next
III. 1. old, older 2. the oldest (the eldest) 3. elder 4. the eldest 5. older 6. elder 7. the oldest
IV. 1. far 2. farther 3. the farthest 4. far 5. further 6. further 7. farther
8. Further 9. The farther 10. Farther and farther 11. far, further
36.2 1. You deceived me last week. And it’s the last time when I believe you.
So next time think twice (better) what you say. 2. It’s the last stop. The
bus won’t go farther. 3. Next week we’ll have a new time-table. 4. Better
late than never. 5. Why are you wearing rings in the nose? Is it the latest
fashion? 6. – It’s the last day of the session today. Last week was very
hard. – That’s all right , as we’re going to rest next week. 7. – Who is
older of you – you or Christine? – She is two years older than me (I am).
8. Don’t go far from home (the house), it’s not safe. And don’t come later
than 10 o’clock. 9. – What does your elder brother do? – He’s a lawyer,
he works in a company. 10. It was the last letter which they got from
him. 11. The latest news doesn’t make us happy. 12. It’s the last time that
I warn you. 13. I don’t think that he’ll go so far. 14. – Are you getting off
at the next stop? – No, I’m getting off at the last stop. 15. The farther
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you live from the city centre the better the air. 16. The more we study
the more we know. The more we know the more we forget. The more
we forget the less we know. why should we study then? 17. The latest
hits are collected in this album. 18. Last Christmas you gave me your love
(heart). Next Christmas we’ll get married. 19. – Who is the next to answer? – I am the last, but not the least (person). 20. They’ve been playing
chess for a few hours already. The next move is Harry’s. 21. You’d better
listen to her. All the same the last word will be hers.
36.3 1. Last, the last 2. the latest 3. far, next 4. later 5. the latest 6. old 7. The
oldest 8. far 9. the last 10. the latter 11. The next, the last 12. the last
13. elder (older), old 14. further 15. late 16. the last
UNIT 37
37.1 1. – , the, the 2. – 3. The, – 4. The, – 5. –, – 6. –, – 7. The, – 8. The 9. –,
–, –, –, – 10. –, –, – 11. –, the 12. The 13. The 14. –, – 15. – 16. the 17. –,
–, –, – 18. The, the 19. –, –
37.4 1. If you go to Egypt, you’ll see the Nile and the famous pyramids. 2. Is
the Red Sea really red? 3. The Crimea, the Caucasus, the Far East are
used with the definite article in the English language. 4. Sicily, Malta, Cyprus, Capri are famous islands. 5. The Panama canal connects (the) two
oceans: the Pacific and the Atlantic (oceans). 6. America consists of three
parts: North America, Central America and South America. 7. There are
several seas in the world the names of which denote colours: the Yellow
Sea, the Red Sea, the White Sea and the Black Sea. 8. China is an ancient
country in the East. 9. The Hague is in the Netherlands. 10. Napoleon
was born on Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean Sea. 11. My father
was born in Siberia, then the family moved to the Crimea. 12. There are
many beautiful bridges over the Thames in London. 13. The Baikal is
a very beautiful lake. 14. Lake Victoria and mountain Kilimanjaro are
in Africa. 15. Vladivostok is in the Far East. 16. Scandinavia includes
Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Iceland. 17. – The Amazon is
in South America, isn’t it? – I can’t say exactly. Geography has always
been my weak point. 18. Our chief doesn’t know where to go on holiday:
to the Bahamas or to the Alps. 19. Elbrus is the highest mountain peak in
Europe. 20. The underwater tunnel connects the British Isles with France.
37.5 1. The, the, the 2. The, the, –. the, the 3. the, the, – 4. –, the, –, the
5. the, – 6. –, –, the, the, –, the, the 7. the 8. the, the, the 9. The, the
10. The, –, the, the
UNIT 38
38.1 1. The, the, – 2. the 3. The, – 4. –, the 5. the, the, –, –, the, –, – 6. –
7. the 8. The, the 9. the, the, – 10. The, the 11. – 12. –, the 13. the 14. –,
the, – 15. The, – 16. – 17. the, the
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38.2 1. The British Isles have a long and interesting history. 2. We always
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.6
38.7
watch the latest films at the Kodak. 3. He went to Italy on his holiday
and he liked the food there very much. But as soon as he returned to
England, he went directly to MacDonalds. 4. – When were you at the
Tretyakov Gallery last? – I can’t remember, but last week I was at the
Museum of Fine Arts. 5. There are many old (ancient) dachas in the Silver Forest. 6. A lot of elite houses are being built on the Moskva-river.
7. I like the Moonlight Sonata by Bethoven very much. 8. Sometimes I
meet with my friends in a Coffee House on Leninsky Prospect. 9. In (the)
summer we’ll go on holiday to the Crimes or to the Caucasus. 10. Many
famous people go jogging in the mornings in Central Park in New York.
11. The Eiffel Tower is the symbol of Paris. 12. Big Ben is not a tower,
it’s a clock. 13. And what’s on at the Pushkinsky this week? 14. There are
a lot of beautiful shops in (on) Tverskaya Street. 15. This producer has a
villa on the French Riviera. 16. He broke his leg when he was skiing in
the Alps.
1. – 2. the 3. The, –, –, –, –, – 4. – (the), the 5. –, – 6. The, –, – 7. the
8. –, –, –, –, –, the 9. –, the, the, –, the 10. The, – 11. – 12. the, the, the
13. the 14. The, –, –
the Pacific, from Chile, –, –, –, the, Alaska, the, –, the, –, –. –, –, –, the,
the, the. Japan, the, –.
1. the, the, – 2. –, – 3. the 4. The, – 5. –, the, the, the 6. –, the, the
7. The, – 8. the 9. – 10. The, –, the 11. –, – 12. The 13. The, the 14. The
Arctic, the 15. –, –, –, – 16. –, the
1. The history of our civilization is the history of the great seas and
oceans: the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. 2. The Urals divide our country in tow parts. 3. The Lena, the
Ob, the Yenissei, the Amur are great Siberian rivers. 4. Last year there
was an earthquake in Japan. 5. My friend has a business in Singapore,
Hong Kong, on the Philippines. 6. Moscow Zoo in on Barricade Street.
7. There is no life in the Dead Sea as the water in it is too salty. 8. The
Bering Strait divides America and Asia. 9. The city of Newcastle stands
on the river Tyne. 10. He’s a journalist and works in “Arguments and
Facts”. 11. The Roman Wall is one of the sights of North England. 12. The
official capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam. 13. The Vatican is the
residence of the Roman Catholic Church. 14. The Pushkin Monument is
in the centre of Moscow. It stands in front of the cinema “Pushkinsky”
15. There are two fountains on Pushkin Square. 16. The Niagara Falls is
one of the biggest and the most beautiful in the world. 17. He graduated
from Moscow University last year. 18. This politician got a Nobel Prize
last year. 19. Prague is the capital of the Czech Republic. 20. Many flowers are brought to Moscow from Ecuador and Holland.
the, –, –, –, –, – the, –, –, –, the British library, the, –, –, –, the National Gallery, the, the, the, –.
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UNIT 39
39.6 1. He says that she always agrees with him. 2. But he complains that
this time she doesn’t agree with him. 3. Mother says that she is angry
(is cross) with me. 4. She says that she is never angry with her children.
5. He says that he needs money badly. 6. Many people say that their
hobby is travelling. 7. The doctor asks the patient how he is feeling today. 8. The weatherman says that it’s going to rain tomorrow. 9. Policemen often warn me not to cross the street when the light is red. 10. My
friend offers me to go to the country on Sunday. 11. The lecturer asked
the students not to talk during the lecture. 12. The doctor advises me not
to go to bed so late. 13. He asks how long we’ve been in London and if
we’ve been here before. 14. The chief asks the secretary not to disturb
him. 15. The children ask when they’ll go for a walk. 16. The young man
wonders if he’ll get this job. 17. The inspector would like to know if the
neighbours have noticed anything (something) strange. 18. She tells us
that she lost the key to the safe yesterday. She asks if anybody (somebody) has seen it. 19. He says that his partner’s mobile phone has been
out of service for two days already.
39.8 1. what your name is 2. how old you are 3. where he is from 4. what
my mother does 5. where you live 6. what you enjoy doing 7. what the
problem is 8. how she is 9. where she’s living now 10. when she is going
11. when my vacation will start 12. why she hasn’t written 13. what her
phone number is 14. when we first met 15. how much it costs 16. whose
watch it is
39.9 1. what the matter is 2. where the remote control is 3. what he is speaking
about 4. what the date of the meeting is 5. when my birthday is 6. who
you are 7. she has done it 8. what the price of such a house is 9. what she
does for a living 10. what the reason for your refusal is 11. how it is done
12. how old she is 13. why she was late 14. where the museum is here
15. what time she comes home
39.10 1. I have no idea what time it is now. 2. Nobody knows what date it is
today. 3. Could you explain what the matter is? 4. I can’t (don’t) see what
the problem is. 5. Could you tell me how to get to the railway station?
6. Nobody knows who this man is and what he does. 7. I wonder when
we are going to have our next lecture? 8. Could you explain to us why
you were late today? 9. I’d like to know when my passport will be ready.
10. Do you know where the nearest filling station is? 11. Could you explain to us why you (have) decided to become a teacher? 12. The master
doesn’t know if the car will be ready tomorrow. 13. We have no idea
where your files are. 14. I can’t tell you when she usually begins to work.
15. I can’t explain to you why he left the party so early. 16. Nobody can
understand what this child wants. 17. The doctor advises her not to eat so
many cakes. 18. She complains that nobody understands her.
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UNIT 40
40.1 1. There 2. It 3. It 4. There, It 5. It 6. It 7. There, It 8. It, There 9. There,
It 10. It 11. It, There 12. There, There, There, It 13. there, It 14. It, there
15. There, It
40.2 a pig, -spots, the pig, the mantelpiece, the clock, -china, a place, a money-box.
the door, the handle, the door, the garden, the room, -geraniums, the
windowsill, a chair, the fireplace, a stool, the pig, the mantelpiece, the
stool, the clock, a good idea, the clock, the mantelpiece, a thing, the pig,
the floor, a hundred, the money, the pig, -coins, the sofa, the rug, the
room, a long time!
the girl, the room, the pieces, the money, the floor, the woman, the money, the key, an ugly creature, a good turn, the truth
40.3
40.4
40.5
40.7
the accident, a friend, -flour, -currants, -chocolate, a cake, a slice, a coward, a brave girl
1. of 2. from 3. of 4. from 5. of 6. from 7. of 8. of 9. of 10. from 11. of 12. of
13. of 14. of 15. of 16. from 17. from 18. of 19. of 20. of 21. of
1. visits, goes, is 2. am trying, don’t interrupt 3. Do you know, have never
seen, say, saw 4. was 5. have already been working 6. did you leave, have
you been 7. saw 8. haven’t seen 9. hasn’t seen, got 10. met, were resting, haven’t seen 11. doesn’t have, plans, earns, doesn’t know, will earn
12. are, came, have been examining 13. will cook, tries, ‘ll be 14. has been
working, has done 15. ‘ll do, has, is, ‘ll ever have 16. comes, comes
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. a 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. c 9. a 10. b 11. b 12. a 13. c
What fine weather it is (we’re having) today! What a wonderful day!
It’s April now and spring has come at last. The sun is shining brightly,
the snow melted in March. The birds have returned from warm countries. They are singing merrily and are building their nests. People look
more happy. They feel tired after a long snowy winter. In March we set
our clocks one hour forward. The summer time was first introduced in
England in 1908. The days are getting longer, and the nights shorter and
lighter. In October we usually set our clocks one hour back. It makes
many people happy, as they will be able to sleep one hour more. I like
spring and I’m always looking forward to it and summer holidays. Summer is really a small life. As soon as I pass all the exams, I’ll go travelling.
As the English saying runs “Travelling broadens your mind”. In summer
you can switch off from your everyday life, relax, meet your friends. I
haven’t decided yet where I’ll spend the summer. Now it has become
a big problem. I have always wanted to see the world, to swim in the
ocean. But the latest tragic events in foreign countries stop me. I think
that it’s better and safer to go to the Black sea, to the Crimea or to the
Caucasus. My friends have already bought tickets to Sochi – the best,
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the most beautiful and comfortable resort in the South. Perhaps, I’ll join
them, as I’ve never been in Sochi, and every person at least once in life
must visit this wonderful city.
40.9 1. “Cats” is the most popular musical in the world. I saw it long ago on
Broadway when I was in New York. 2. She complains that she hasn’t
been to Great Britain for a long time. She feels that her English is getting
worse and worse. 3. Our chief is resting on the Mediterranean Sea. We’ve
been calling him since morning, but all this time his phone has been out
of service. 4. My friend has travelled a lot in his life, but he says that he
has never stayed at the hotels like the Ritz the Continental, as these are
the most expensive hotels. 5. – My best friend admits that her greatest
pleasure is shopping. – Yes, she has always been a shopaholic. 6. The
shorter the memory the easier to live. 7. – I’ve always wanted to see Latin America, especially to see Brazil. – I think you’ve watched too many
Brazilian serials, though it has always been my dream too. 8. The fish
is looking for a deeper place, man for a better one. 9. – Are you eating
chocolate again? How many bars have you already eaten this week? –
You know that I’ve always liked chocolate. 10. – Specialists say that the
best chocolate is produced in Switzerland. – And I like Russian chocolate.
11. Make haste slowly. 12. She says that she’s been living in the USA
for twenty years already but still she’s never been to California. 13. The
teacher recommends us to read this book as soon as possible. 14. Have
you noticed that it’s much easier to write short sentences than long ones?
Very often it’s easier to read and to understand short sentences. 15. Platinum is heavier than gold. It’s the heaviest metal.
40.10 a letter, a friend, -Holland, a year and a half, a programmer, a company,
a number, the Netherlands, the beginning, a bicycle, -Amsterdam, the
capital, the country, the Hague, the Channel, the Isles, a trip, an exciting
trip
UNIT 41
41.2 1. The Japanese are very industrious (hard-working) people. 2. The Swiss
complain that life in Switzerland is very boring. 3. Americans are less formal than Europeans. 4. The Scots love their mountaineous country. 5. The
Dutch live in Holland and speak Dutch. 6. Tetra Pak is a Swedish firm.
It produces packing materials. 7. The French eat a lot of seafood. 8. The
English are great lovers of tea. 9. Some Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans,
Yugoslavs and Poles study in this group. 10. Some Germans, Swedes,
Danes and Italians were present at the Conference. 11. The Spanish are
very fond of the bull fighting. 12. She is Spanish. She dances beautifully. 13. The Danes are people living in Denmark. 14. People in Denmark speak Danish, in Holland they speak Dutch, in Norway they speak
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Norwegian. 15. – What do you call people who live in the Netherlands?They are Dutch. 16. Hans Christian Andersen was a Dutchman. 17. The
English language became the international language in the XX-th century. 18. The Chinese language is a very difficult language. 19. Lego is
a well-known Danish company which produces toys. 20. Why do people
mix up the Swedes with the Swiss, the Danes with the Dutch in the
English language? 21. The Germans are very punctual people. 22. She is
a Swede and her husband is (a) Swiss. 23. (The) Egyptians speak Arabic.
24. The British respect their traditions.
UNIT 42
42.2 1. had done 2. had already learnt 3. had stopped 4. had never been 5. had
42.4
42.5
42.6
42.7
spent 6. had really happened 7. had disappeared 8. had she opened 9. had
ever had 10. had made 11. had done 12. had taught 13. hadn’t read
14. hadn’t decided 15. had gone 16. had already stopped
1. He was happy because he had passed the interview. 2. She didn’t get
the job as she had never done such work. 3. They were discussing the
information which they had found in the Internet. 4. The nanny (nurse)
entered the room and saw that the child had already fallen asleep. 5. The
secretary said that she had already sent the fax to the Hague. 6. He was
sorry that he had bought that car. 7. When we arrived at the station, the
train had already left. 8. I left the house and remembered that I hadn’t
switched off the computer. 9. My friend gave me wonderful roses and said
that she had grown them herself. 10. When we entered the hall, the concert had already begun. 11. The task turned out to be easier, than we had
thought. 12. She was sorry that she had refused from the invitation to
the theatre. 13. The journalist said that he had just returned from China.
14. We got very surprised when we learnt that the novel had become a
bestseller. 15. He was upset. He had lost his purse. 16. Everybody wondered how long he had been in that business. 17. The flat was in order.
Mother had tidied it. 18. When the police arrived, the robbers had already
disappeared. 19. Her hair was shining. She had just washed it. 20. She
couldn’t (didn’t manage to) speak at the conference, as she had fallen ill.
was crossing, had ever heard, replied, had never heard, answered, had
lost, was, had ever heard, had, had never studied, said, had lost, had
ever heard, had, had never heard, explained, had lost, had ever studied,
had he said, ran, had ever learnt, had never studied, would lose, was
sinking
closed, went, fell, woke, saw, was, remembered, had promised, to be, had
never broken, felt, had happened, took, ran, was shining, lay, led, came,
had taught, thought, could, found
saw, was examining, was still lying, said, had never seen, would have to,
arrived, took, told, could, stay, came, preferred, brought, carried, laid,
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arrived, Don’t wake, needs, was, had, asked, hadn’t eaten, took, gave,
said, will enjoy, is, got, drove, opened, saw, had ever tasted
42.8 1. had come 2. had promised 3. had destroyed 4. had dreamt 5. had given
6. had called 7. had changed 8. had achieved, had made 9. had lived
10. had cooked 11. had lost 12. had forgotten 13. had written 14. had
never told 15. had managed
42.9 1. We realized that life had changed greatly. 2. When I returned home,
my parents had already left for the theatre. 3. The lawyer was satisfied –
he had won the case. 4. He thanked his friends for all that they had done
for him. 5. Hardly had we left the house, when it started raining hard.
6. He was a clever politician. Life had taught him many things. 7. When
they met many years later, they couldn’t recognize each other. They had
changed greatly. 8. No sooner had she pronounced a few words, than we
understood everything. 9. I called him and learnt that he had been ill
for a few days already. 10. We had prepared everything by the time the
quests came. 11. London turned out to be much more beautiful than we
had thought. 12. When we came back, everybody wanted to know where
we had been. 13. Hardly had I jumped in the train, when it started. 14. It
had stopped snowing and the sun was shining. 15. The children had lost
their little dog and were looking for it in the garden. 16. He had switched
on the computer and was looking through the files. 17. He looked happy.
He had met the girl of his dream. 18. Mother had cooked dinner and was
reading a magazine. 19. She left the shop only after she had spent all the
money. 20. Hardly had the performance come to an end, when all the
mobile phones started ringing.
42.10 lived, was, was, knew, was eating, thought, would be, filled, were, grew
up, began, planting, went, caught, fell, had known, saved
opened, saw, had saved, recovered, went, had already melted, went,
could, slept, cooked, made, had learnt, was, was, lived, would make,
loved, respected, had been tying, to make
UNIT 43
43.1 1. had been working 2. had been collecting 3. had been waiting, had got
4. had been discussing, 5. had owned 6. had been driving 7. had been, had
missed 8. had drunk 9. had been working 10. had been searching 11. had
been fighting 12. had been looking for 13. had been reading 14. had been
working 15. had been sitting 16. had been working 17. had been
43.2 1. Yesterday I finished reading “War and Peace” by Leo Tolstoy. I’d been
reading it for two months. 2. There was a lot of snow on the streets. It
had been snowing all night. 3. They had been dating for two years before they got married. 4. The Browns didn’t know that ghosts had been
living in their house for a long time. 5. My Granny said that she had always wanted to become a writer. 6. We had known each other for many
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Ключи к упражнениям
years before we decided to start our own business. 7. The journalist said
that he had been working on a new article for a month already. 8. When
Father came home, my mother and I had been cooking dinner for an
hour already. 9. I had been looking for my passport for a long time when
Mother said that she had taken it. 10. By the moment the criminal was
caught the police had been looking for him for many years. 11. The writer told his readers that he had been collecting material for this book all
his life. 12. We had been in London for a week already when we met by
chance in Trafalgar square. 13. They had been corresponding for many
years before they met. 14. When I entered the room, everybody fell silent. I understood that they had been talking about me. 15. He warned
us not to sit on the bench in the garden. He had just been painting it.
16. It smelled wonderful in the house. Mother had been baking pies since
morning. 17. He’d been washing the car for about an hour when he realized that it wasn’t his car. It was of the same colour.
43.3 1. had already served 2. had been snowing 3. had been smoking, had
just decided 4. had been sailing, ran 5. needed, had been driving 6. had
been drinking 7. had been saving, had never been 8. had been working 9. hadn’t spoken 10. had been living 11. had been living, broke out
12. hadn’t seen 13. had won, had trained
UNIT 44
44.1 1. Alexander said he was looking… 2. She said she needed… 3. Rosie said
she liked… 4. The children said they were watching… 5. The old woman
complained she hadn’t seen her friends… 6. The secretary promised he
would make… for me (us). 7. My friends said they could help me. 8. The
chief told Susan she might take a day-off the next day. 9. … he would
do it on his… 10. … he (she) had been doing 11. … their dog had run
away 12. … she’d been feeling 13. … he’d videotaped, he would show…
that night 14. … he’d been sitting at his…, hadn’t done much 15. … there
was…
44.3 1. had done 2. if I was happy 3. if I would visit them 4. if she had had 5. if
it was 6. if he had got 7. he had to get up 8. … asked if I was working 9. if
I believed 10. he loved her and always would 11. if it was 12. if I had had
13. if it was 14. if I would 15. … asked if he had to be (must be)
44.5 1. He entered the room and asked what the matter was. 2. She promised that she would find out what had happened on that day. 3. He was
asked at the interview what languages he spoke. 4. Nobody could say
what the longest river in the world was. 5. She raised the receiver and
asked who she was speaking to. 6. The seller said that he didn’t remember how much this dictionary cost. 7. Everybody wanted to know who
those people were. 8. The criminal didn’t want to say what his name was.
9. The teacher warned us that the test would be difficult. 10. The guide
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Ключи к упражнениям
asked us if we had been in England before. 11. The chief explained that
when we called him, he was still sleeping as the night before he had gone
to bed late. 12. I wondered where she had got (bought) that hat. Never
before had I seen such a hat with different fruits. She answered that it
was the latest fashion and that she had got it the other day in a shop on
Kuznetsky Bridge. 13. The boss asked the secretary not to be late and in
general to be more organized. 14. Mother asked me not to spend so much
money on cosmetics. 15. Father asked me to switch off the computer and
to go to bed.
44.6 had, was sitting and watching, had been doing, sat, noticed, was driving,
saw, started, to chase, was riding, was flashing, didn’t pay, got, made,
stop, cried, said, came, am, am, am trying
UNIT 45
45.2 1. In my childhood I learnt that two twice two is four. 2. When we drove
up to the hotel in the centre of London, I knocked on the glass which
traditionally separates the driver of the taxi from the passengers. 3. My
father used to tell me that money isn’t everything in life, though it is
important. 4. He said that when he came to the University, the students
were still taking the exam. And he had passed it the week before. 5. He
complained that he must work on Saturday and on Sunday. 6. The writer
said that he had written his first book when he was thirty (years old).
7. The teacher said that I should read more books. 8. Don’t leave, Masha said that we’ll be having tea soon. 9. Mr. Rich said that his firm was
founded in 1980. 10. The teacher explained to the children that the Earth
is round and that it rotates. 11. My friend answered me that tastes differ
and that I shouldn’t criticize her. 12. The mother explained to her daughter patiently that there are seven days in the week and twelve months
in the year. 13. She said that when she came back home, her Granny
was still watching her favourite serials. 14. The advertisement announced
that the first metro line opened in London in 1860. And I had never
known it before. 15. Our teacher of Mathematics explained to us at school
that 2+2x2 is not 8, but 6, as in Maths we first multiply and divide, and
then we add and subtract.
UNIT 46
46.1 1. Is English spoken, English isn’t spoken 2. Was it written, It wasn’t
written 3. It the question still being discussed? It isn’t still being discussed. 4. Has this contract just been discussed? It hasn’t been discussed
yet. 5. Were these shoes made…, They weren’t made 6. Was the last student being tested, The last student wasn’t being tested 7. Would some
way out be found? No way out would be found 8. Will the school have
been built, It won’t have been built 9. Had your car been serviced, My
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Ключи к упражнениям
46.2
46.3
46.4
46.6
car hadn’t been serviced 10. Is this jacket made of velvet? It isn’t made
of velvet. 11. Was America discovered, It wasn’t discovered 12. Is your
flat still being redecorated? It isn’t still being redecorated. 13. Was this
house built, It wasn’t built 14. Were you offered, I wasn’t offered 15. Will
the fax be sent, It won’t be sent 16. Were you given, I wasn’t given
1. It is often done by them. 2. It is being done now. 3. It was done yesterday. 4. It was being done last week. 5. It has already been done 6. It will
soon be done. 7. It had been done by them earlier. 8. A lot of flowers were
planted (by them) in the park. 9. Messages are sent to us by him every
day. 10. Your offer has just been discussed by us. 11. Computers are being
used in all kinds of work. 12. Her furniture will soon be changed. 13. The
names of the Nobel Prize winners will be announced in May. 14. I’m sure
our conversation is being taped now. 15. I was shocked by this news.
1. His computer hasn’t been connected to the Internet. 2. Children are not
usually allowed to play with matches. 3. My sweater was made in Scotland. It is made of wool. 4. She was made to tell the truth. 5. He was asked
ordinary questions at the interview. 6. This film was shown last week.
7. Your bills are still unpaid, and they must be paid on time. 8. All your
skirts should be shortened and then your image will change. 9. – What is
this furniture made of? – I think it’s made of pine wood. 10. These shoes
are very comfortable. They are made of leather. 11. She was advised to
keep to a diet. 12. Who was this document signed by? 13. All the preparations for the wedding had been finished by Friday. 14. When we came
to London, the Portrait Gallery was just being restored. 15. Glass breaks
easily. 16. Such problems are easily solved. 17. Detective novels sell well.
18. Dry leaves burn quickly. 19. The village was destroyed by the earthquake. 20. This blouse washes badly. I usually put it in the washing-machine.
1. was shown to me 2. will be looked after 3. was listened to 4. were sent
to us 5. was offered 6. were given 7. was recommended to me 8. was
taught 9. was asked 10. was promised 11. is much spoken about 12. are
wanted 13. will be shown to you 14. have been cleaned, has been cut,
have been watered 15. wasn’t mentioned 16. was pointed out 17. was described, was found 18. will be dictated to you 19. were explained to the
staff 20. were read to me
1. Moscow was founded by Yuri Dolgoruki in 1147. 2. The news was announced on all the channels. 3. These cars are produced in Japan. 4. The
Xerox was installed in the corner of the room. 5. The boy was brought up
very strictly. 6. This word should be written with two “s”. 7. I was given
beautiful pyjamas. It is made of cotton and doesn’t crease at all. 8. In
English one and the same word is often written and pronounced differently. 9. Don’t touch the wall, it has just been painted. 10. The results of
the testing will be announced tomorrow. 11. All the flowers in our dacha
were planted by my mother. 12. The mistake was made very long ago,
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but it has just been corrected. 13. You’ll have to wait. Your friend is being examined by the doctor now. 14. Dogs are used for detecting drugs
and explosives. 15. The new film is very much spoken about. 16. This
dictionary is often referred to. 17. The doctor was sent for twenty minutes ago. 18. This novel hasn’t been translated into the Russian language
yet. 19. Have you ever been deceived? 20. When the test is written, the
teacher will take it. 21. He is often laughed at.
46.7 1. – The house is built. We can move in. – When was it finished? – Last
week. 2. – Is the TV-set switched on or off? – It has just been switched
off. 3. This song was written many years ago, but it is still popular. 4. Next
month all the employees will be given a raise to the salary. 5. The President has just been informed of these events. 6. Where was this film made?
Who was it made by? 7. Children should always be encouraged. 8. All
these books should be read and then discussed. 9. The fellow was made to
give false evidence. He hoped he would be set free, but it didn’t happen.
10. When the analysis is made, you’ll be informed about it results. 11. The
boy was called Martin like his grandfather. 12. Many details in this car are
made of iron. 13. The child was christened last Sunday. 14. This bestseller
is translated into thirty languages. 15. – You are wanted on the phone,
doctor. – Tell them that I was called to the chief. 16. – What is being built
here? – It’s a kindergarden. 17. My flat was privatized twenty years ago.
18. If you are forewarned, then you are forearmed. 19. What is done is
done. 20. Fifty slides were shown during the lecture.
UNIT 47
47.1 1. When will your flat be repaired? 2. Who is being interviewed now?
3. When was the first laser produced? 4. What has just been sent? 5. When
were you taught to play chess? 6. When will this novel be televised?
7. What is usually passed from one runner to the next one? 8. Where
is a new Xerox being installed now? 9. What has just been received?
10. Where were you invited yesterday? 11. Who will this class be taught
by? 12. Where will the tourist group be met? 13. What were you shocked
by? 14. When will these files be returned? 15. Who must this contract be
signed by?
47.3 1. The police must be called by someone. 2. This mistake can be easily corrected by us. 3. You may be easily fooled by them. 4. A foreign
language can’t be learnt in a few weeks. 5. It has to be done right now.
6. These pictures can be seen in the Russian Museum. 7. They should be
warned about the danger. 8. This hit can be heard everywhere. 9. Dangerous chemicals must be kept in a safe place. 10. The doors shouldn’t
be left unlocked. 11. The price of electricity may be raised again. 12. The
room ought to be aired from time to time. 13. Wildlife must be protected.
14. It can be used again and again. As this metal can be recycled, alumin-
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Ключи к упражнениям
ium cans shouldn’t be thrown away. 15. He must be taught good manners
by his mother.
47.4 1. was written by Lewis Carroll. 2. was invented by Alexander Bell.
3. was designed in Germany by Porsche. 4. was first introduced in England in 1908. 5. Penicillin was discovered by A. Fleming. 6. It was written
by Jonathan Swift. 7. The Tower was built in the 11th century. 8. This
dictionary was published by Macmillan. 9. It was opened in London in
1863. 10. It was written by J. Chaucer. 11. It was constructed in Paris in
1889. 12. It is spoken all over the world. 13. It was painted by L. da Vinci.
14. It was written by Tolkien. 15. It was written by Murphy.
47.5 1. The lock in the safe was broken. We understood that someone had tried
(had been trying) to open it, but couldn’t (didn’t manage to) do it. 2. It
was done behind my back and it can’t be forgiven. 3. We were warned
that our talk was being taped. 4. The list of irregular verbs is given on
the last page. 5. The latest edition of this dictionary sells very well. 6. The
quests were invited to sit to table which was perfectly served. 7. Who
was this dinner cooked by? It’s delicious! 8. Some historical dates should
be learnt by heart. 9. I’m afraid it can’t be done today. 10. All important
information is usually sent by e-mail. 11. The word “grammar” is written
in the English language with two ms. 12. So far the exact figures haven’t
been published. 13. The robbers realized that the code on the door had
been changed. 14. They hoped that they would be invited to the festival. 15. Wait. Your transaction is processed. 16. This number is blocked.
17. Rules are rules and they must be kept (followed). 18. They should be
warned about it as soon as possible. 19. When can it be done? 20. What is
done can’t be undone.
47.6 1. were paid 2. was impressed 3. is made 4. be done 5. was dressed 6. will
be forgotten, will be forgiven 7. is practiced 8. were emailed, have been
received
UNIT 48
48.1 1. The, – 2. –, – 3. the 4. the 5. – 6. the 7. The, –, – 8. –, the 9. the, the,
the 10. –, –, 11. the 12. –, –, –, –, – 13. –, the 14. –, the, the, –, –, the,
the, –
48.2 had heard, didn’t like, chose, was, got, felt, could, sleep, had caught,
would have, knew, had made, thought, had, would feel, went, had
worked, came, were, saw, cried, did you sleep
48.3 1. – Is he a Swede or a Swiss? – Somebody said that he is a Dane. 2. The
English are fond of football. 3. Pedro is a Spaniard and he speaks the
Spanish language. 4. The Russian language is a synthetical language; the
English language is an analytical one. 5. Language is a means of communication. 6. The Chinese language is the most widely used language
in the world. The second one is the English language. 7. The Japanese
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Ключи к упражнениям
48.4
48.5
48.6
48.7
446
are very industrial people. 8. Most Danes speak good English which you
can’t say about French people. 9. The Italians and the Japanese live longer than any other peoples. 10. The Dutch grow wonderful tulips. 11. The
Scots love (to wear) good clothes. 12. The famous detective was a Belgian.
13. The British are proud of their police. 14. French people are fond of
seafood. 15. He’s an Italian and like all Italians is a good cook.
was, was, used to tell, were, do not do, was, got, went, studied, found,
worked, didn’t like, moved, taught, wrote, wanted, said, were, were, studied, decided, was published, became, took, has written, says, is not going
1. The British say that is a cat crosses your path, it brings good luck.
2. This small shop sells women’s clothes. This week they are selling out
the summer collection. 3. It rained yesterday, and it’s snowing today. 4. – I
know what you are thinking about. – And what exactly am I thinking
about? – I think you are again dreaming about a big round pizza. 5. She
is expecting a child. I believe Peter knows about it. 6. You are constantly
showing off and fishing out for compliments! 7. Yesterday he said he had
never had any time for entertainment. 8. Well, dear professor, you’ve
made a lady of me and have won your bet. 9. Who has eaten my dinner?
There is nothing left on the plates. 10. Who has been eating my dinner?
There is little food left on the plates. 11. He wondered where everybody
had gone. 12. He asked where we had been all that time. 13. This question has long been worrying me, I have long wanted (been wanting) to
ask you this question. 14. The farmer told us that the weather had been
good up to that very day. 15. It’s something special, you’ll see. And in a
minute you’ll be thanking me. 16. I am tasting the soup to understand
if I should add some more salt. Oh, no, it tastes excellent. 17. Everybody
hoped that the success of his latest book would considerably improve his
mood. 18. She explained to him that she had lived in England long enough
to know the value of money to be accurate with money).
were, could not find, felt, went, hadn’t fallen asleep, had been looking,
were, (had) got, saw, didn’t know, was, understood, would die, didn’t
have, began, heard, was splashing, make, rise, thought, found, dropped,
rose, drank, decided, gets, will drop, ‘ll be able, will definitely survive
1. The telephone was invented by the Englishman – Alexander Bell.
2. The first landing on the Moon was made in 1969 by Americans.
3. These problems will be soon solved. 4. On my birthday I was given a
Swiss watch. 5. We were asked to come at eight o’clock. 6. This composition must be handed in next Monday. 7. We’ll have to study in another
lecture hall, as the hall is being painted now. 8. It was announced to
the students that the lecture would take place an hour and a half later.
They were allowed to go down to the canteen and have a snack. 9. In the
evening he remembered that he had forgotten to call his parents. When
he phoned them, he heard that their number was blocked. They hadn’t
paid their telephone bills. 10. Hardly had I switched on the TV-set when
Ключи к упражнениям
I saw the mayor of the city on the screen, our university and some of
our students. The new building of the university was (had been) built
by the first of September. 11. She was a popular singer. She had been in
the showbiz for already twenty years. 12. This incident was mentioned in
the latest news. Bad news travels fast. 13. The President said that he had
been preparing for this meeting in the Caucasus for a long time. 14. The
agent was ready to act. The secret operation had been prepared by his
people for a few months already.
48.8 was shining, had been, were, were playing, splashing, were swimming,
had fallen, began, launched, started, came, perceived, had found
appeared, hurled, buried, dived, were coming (came), were waiting (waited), should not be, was being dragged, filled, showed, reappeared, were
excited, attacked, broke, presented, were struggling, were swimming,
were clinging; were trying, were darting, had made off (was making off),
could
48.9
THE BLACK TULIP
Many years ago there lived in the Netherlands, in the outskirts of the Hague,
an unremarkable man, Hans by name. He was a shoemaker by trade and quite
a good one. The Dutch, as you know, are very fond of flowers, and they are
particularly famous for their tulips. And Hans was no exception. For many
years he had been growing different sorts of tulips until one fine day he saw an
unusual tulip in his garden. It was black. Nobody had grown black tulips before
and Hans was very proud of his wonderful flower. News, as you know, spreads
very fast. So the news of the unique flower became known all over the country.
A lot of people wanted to buy the bulb of the black tulip, but the shoemakergardener wouldn’t hear about it, though he needed money badly.
Once there came to Hans some people who offered his as much money as he
hadn’t earned in all his life though he had always been a very skillful and
hardworking man. Hans thought for a few days and said that he would sell
the bulb. And no wonder. As in those times, precisely in 1670 one could buy a
few houses with this money. Only after he had got the money and counted it,
did he give his treasure to those people. No sooner had the strangers got the
bulb, than they threw it on the ground and began stabbing it until nothing was
left of it. “What are you doing? Have you gone mad?” cried the shocked Hans.
“I have been working all my life to grow this wonder (miracle), and you have
destroyed it!” “You fool!” was the answer. “We were ready to pay twice as
much. The thing is that we’ve also grown a black tulip, but we don’t want any
competitors in this country!” When Hans heard that he had missed the chance
to get twice as much money than the money he had been given he went mad.
Well, as time passed black tulips became quite regular flowers. The most wellknown sorts are called “the Queen of Night,” “The Black Beauty,” “The Black
Magic,” “The Black Hero”.
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UNIT 49
49.1 I. 1. lie 2. lay 3. lie 4. laid 5. laid 6. lay 7. laid 8. laid II. 1. rises 2. raise 3. rising 4. raise 5. raised 6. rose, raised 7. raised 8. rose 9. rising 10. raise III.
1. sat 2. sit 3. set 4. set 5. set 6. set 7. sets
49.2 I. 1. find 2. founded 3. found 4. found 5. founded 6. was founded 7. was
founded 8. found 9. find 10. founded 11. found 12. founded II. 1. hung
2. was hanged 3. hangs 4. hang 5. were hanged 6. hung 7. hung 8. were
hanged 9. was hung 10. hung 11. hang
49.3 1. The book lay on the table five minutes ago. 2. Sometimes he just lies on
the sofa and looks at the ceiling. 3. He rose from the table and left. 4. The
price of petrol is constantly rising. 5. The prices for accommodation rose a
lot last year. 6. She forgot where she had laid the keys. 7. Disney founded
his own film company. 8. Mother hung the clothes in the wardrobe. 9. The
guy lay on the shelf under the bar. 10. The rocket rose in the Cosmos.
11. He ordered a glass of wine just to raise his spirits. 12. I like to watch
the sun rise ant set. 13. She saw that he was again lying to her. 14. The
cat lay on my bed sleeping. 15. The room sets twenty people. 16. The balloons rose high in the sky. 17. Where shall we hang the clock? 18. He was
a serial killer and was hanged for this many years ago. 19. The famous
singer founded this music school. 20. If you know the answer, raise your
hand. 21. To the left of me lay the road to the city. 22. The population of
the city rose to two million people. 23. The snow lay deep under the trees.
24. I hung the receiver. There wasn’t anyone at the office. 25. Nobody
noticed that the picture was hung upside down.
49.4 1. rose 2. raise 3. hung 4. founded 5. found 6. raised 7. to raise 8. lay (set)
9. lie 10. rises, sets 11. Sit 12. hung 13. was founded 14. set (sets) 15. lays
16. hung 17. raise 18. rose 19. raised 20. lied 21. rises, raises 22. lay 23. laid
24. set 25. rose
UNIT 50
50.2 1. –, the 2. the, – 3. the 4. –, – 5. a 6. A, a, a 7. a 8. – 9. a 10. The 11. the,
a 12. the, the 13. the 14. – 15. a 16. – 17. –, – 18. a 19. a 20. – 21. a
50.4 1. We began writing the test at two o’clock and it took us two hours to
write it. 2. There is a hundred years in a century, and a thousand years
in a millennium. 3. – Is your chief forty (years old)? – No, he is fifty.
4. We need a second car. The family is getting bigger and one car isn’t
enough. 5. The population of the Russian Federation is about 150 million
people. 6. – What about a second cup of coffee? – I won’t say no. 7. After
work we do our shopping at “The Seventh Continent”. 8. The patient is
in ward ¹6. 9. School 1239 is on 15th Park Street. 10. Tom Brown is the
winner of “Formula-2”. 11. Today this book is bestseller ¹1 in England.
12. I am on cloud nine (in seventh cloud) with happiness. 13. Flight 452
takes off at 14.40. 14. – What’s on the seventh channel? - I don’t know,
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Ключи к упражнениям
I’m watching “The Fifth Corner” on the fourth channel. 15. Let’s meet
on Platform 16. A first love is never forgotten. 17. She dresses like a first
lady. 18. Robert got a first-class education at Oxford University. 19. They
became a second family for me. 20. Two hundred students took part in
the conference. 21. Five hundred children are studying (study) at this
school. 22. This film cost 70 million dollars.
50.5 1. Five hundred students study at this Faculty. One hundred and twenty
students are in the first course. It’s the biggest course. 2. Task number
one for me is to study. 3. My little sister is going to the first form for the
first time. 4. This painting costs two million dollars. 5. You can read this
rule on page 36. 6. The car was driving along the fourth drive. 7. There
is a misprint in the third top line. 8. The football match ended with the
score two nil. 9. It’s a first-class hotel. You will like it. 10. The first mobile
phone appeared in the States in the sixties. 11. She got a videocamera on
her fourteenth birthday. 12. On the thirty-first of December all people
see the New Year in. 13. Turn over the page and read text number six.
UNIT 51
51.1 1. the other 2. other 3. another 4. the others 5. other 6. another 7. the
other 8. one after another 9. the others 10. the other 11. other 12. the others 13. others 14. each other 15. another 16. another 17. the other 18. the
other 19. others 20. the other
51.2 1. Let’s discuss it some other time. 2. People should (must) help one another (each other). 3. Close one eye, then the other. 4. I need another bag.
This one is too small. 5. We have two balconies. One faces the south, the
other the east. 6. Some people like bright colours, others like dark ones.
7. I don’t care what others (other people) say. 8. Only five members of
the team are here. Where are the others? 9. He studies better than any
other pupil of our school. 10. On the one hand, he isn’t a bad chap, but,
on the other, he is not a grown-up person, though he is already twenty
years old. 11. They sat farther from the others. 12. One hand washes
the other. 13. I don’t like this pair of shoes. Show me another, please.
14. You shouldn’t tell such things to others (other people). It’s too personal. 15. What other modern writers can you name?
51.4 1. The shop is on the other side of the street. 2. I was nervous, professor.
Give me another (a second) chance. 3. The other day we took part in the
phonetic contest. Half of the students read poems, the other half told fairytales. And what did you do? - And I sang a song about Old McDonald’s
farm. 4. What other news interests you? 5. The twins are so much alike
that it’s impossible to tell one from the other. 6. It goes into one ear and
out of the other. 7. Don’t tell anything to the others when they come back.
8. The best way to help yourself is to help others. 9. If you can’t listen to
other people, you’ll never learn anything. 10. The grass is always greener
on the other side of the street. 11. This is, so to say, the other side of the
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Ключи к упражнениям
medal. 12. On the one hand, it’s a good chance, but from the other, who
knows… 13. Granny kissed me first on one cheek, then on the other. 14. He
gave his son another five dollars, his weekly pocket money. 15. I’ll have to
pay another two hundred dollars for the rent of the house. 16. I’m a kind
person, but if somebody hurts me, I won’t put the other cheek. 17. – I’m
tired of working for others! – If you have some other choice, stop doing
it. – Well, it’s easy to give advice to others! 18. What other time shall we
meet? (When else shall we meet?) 19. What else can I say? 20. What other
dishes can you cook? 21. Who else will come to your party? 22. What other
questions do you want to ask? 23. He shifted from one foot to the other.
UNIT 52
52.1 1. makes 2. made 3. do, do 4. made 5. does 6. make 7. make, do, do 8. does
9. made 10. do, makes 11. makes 12. do 13. make 14. do 15. did 16. done,
did 17. make, do 18. make, do 19. make, do 20. did, made 21. make 22. do,
make, make, make
52.2 1. – Call your Mum. – I’ve already done it. 2. We all make mistakes, especially when we are young. 3. Every morning Mother makes a list of
things which we must do. 4. – It smells so delicious in the house! What
are you doing? – I’m making an apple pie. 5. When the children come
back from school, they make a lot of noise and everything is in a mess.
6. It’s Saturday tomorrow. I don’t do anything on Saturdays. I rest (relax). 7. Yesterday I did a lot of things. 8. I don’t like to do housework. It’s
so tiring. 9. Many people now make their bread at home. 10. – What does
your husband do? – He makes furniture. 11. – I’ve asked you to wash
up. Have you done it? – Now I’ll make tea, we’ll have it and then we’ll
do it together. Shall we? 12. Close your eyes and make a wish. 13. If you
make a promise, keep it. 14. He made an attempt to meet with us, but we
decided not to do it. 15. They made a world tour. 16. I don’t remember
who made the film “Titanic”. 17. She (has) made good progress in the
English language, but still sometimes she makes spelling mistakes. 18. He
says he’ll do his best to make her happy. 19. She can make very beautiful toys. 20. – I am falling asleep. I’ll go and make coffee. –I’d better do
it. 21. – I’ve decided to become a doctor, Dad, like my grandfather. – I’m
happy that you’ve done it, son. 22. – Have you decided what Institute to
enter? – No, I haven’t done it yet.
52.3 1. make 2. Make, do 3. makes, do 4. do 5. make 6. make 7. do, do, make
8. make 9. made 10. make 11. make
UNIT 53
53.1 1. a 2. The 3. – 4. a 5. – 6. a 7. a 8. a, the, – 9. –, – 10. – 11. – 12. the, –
13. – 14. – 15. – 16. the
53.2 1. What a wonderful night! We’ll walk till morning. 2. It happened last
summer. 3. They are working day by day like ants. 4. The night before
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Christmas is the most wonderful time of the year. 5. I listen to the news
early in the morning and at 9 o’clock in the evening. 6. A.S. Pushkin
loved autumn very much and hated summer because it’s hot in the summertime and there are a lot of flies and mosquitoes. 7. I’ll be at home by
evening. 8. You must get up early in the morning to see sunrise. 9. He
works in the Internet at nights, and then sleeps till dinnertime. 10. When
it is winter in Russia, it is summer in Brazil. 11. The hot July day came
to an end. 12. It usually gets colder after sunset. 13. Many people prefer
to have a rest in the summertime. 14. It was late autumn. The birds had
flown to warm countries. 15. The clock said midnight. 16. It happened on
a Sunday morning. 17. Let’s meet on Sunday morning.
53.3 1. the 2. – 3. – 4. – 5. –, – 6. The, – 7. a 8. the 9. the, the 10. The 11. –
12. –, – 13. the 14. a 15. –, the 16. – 17. a
53.4 1. It was morning. It was early morning. It was a warm summer morning.
He was born in early morning. It’s difficult for me to get up early in the
mornings. The morning was cool, but sunny. What a fine morning! We’ll
get to the station by morning. 2. Day broke. It was a foggy day, the day
of our departure. The day was rainy. What do you usually do in the daytime? The incident happened on a gloomy September day. 3. It was noon.
Noon is 12 o’clock in the daytime. Housewives try to do all the shopping
by noon. The visitor appeared only at noon. 4. It was afternoon. We like to
have tea in the afternoon. Little children usually sleep in the afternoon.
We devoted the afternoon to reading. 5. It was evening It was a frosty
Christmas evening. The evening was warm. It was late evening. I always
feel sleepy in the evenings. Will you go for a walk in the evening? We’ll
finish everything by evening. 6. Night fell. It was night. It was a quiet
starry night. I like to look at (the) stars at night. The night was quiet. The
storm lasted all night. We went there on a Saturday evening. I am on a
night duty today. He is guarded day and night. I didn’t go to bed early
for a whole month. 7. Dawn is the time when the sun rises. We drank,
laughed, chattered till sunrise. It means the dawn of a new era. 8. Spring
is the time between winter and summer. It’s getting warmer in spring.
He left in the spring of 1996. Paris is wonderful in spring. Autumn is the
time of weddings. It was early spring. It was late autumn.
53.5 1. –, –, –, –, –, – 2. a, an 3. a 4. –, the 5. –, –, a 6. the, a, the 7. a, –, –
8. –, a, the, a, a, –, a, –, a, a 9. a
UNIT 54
54.1 1. – 2. – 3. a 4. an 5. an 6. – 7. – 8. the 9. a 10. the 11. a 12. – 13. a 14. –
15. – 16. an
54.2 1. After supper we discuss the latest news. 2. And what shall we have
for dinner today? 3. Put the breakfast on the tray and take it to the
bedroom. 4. Don’t eat sweets before dinner! 5. – Do you have a sweet
tooth? – Yes, I’m a chocaholic. 6. The supper was salad and fish and
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chips. 7. – How much must we pay for the dinner? – Don’t worry, I will
pay. 8. A business lunch in this restaurant costs two hundred and fifty
roubles. 9. It’s lunchtime. Let’s drop in the “Youlki-Palki” in (on) Tverskay street. 10. They met at an official dinner. 11. It was a grand dinner.
Many celebrities were invited to the dinner. 12. Don’t forget to wash your
hands before meals. 13. How many times a day do you eat? 14. Brunch is
something between breakfast and lunch. 15. What a wonderful supper!
You are a wonderful cook! 16. I haven’t bought anything for dinner yet.
I’m afraid we’re going to have a late dinner. 17. He doesn’t have breakfast in the mornings but instead he has a big lunch. 18. Today we’ll have
an early supper as tomorrow morning we need to get up very early.
54.4 the evening, the house, at dinner, a day, the word, after dinner, the
room, the report, the news, at night, the daylight, since sunrise, the
country, the rain, next week, a night, -night, -daylight
54.5 I. a night, a tram, the centre, the town, the land, the world, -night, -day,
an illusion, the sky, the Milky Way, the right, the stars, -lighthouses, the
horizon, the lights, a ship
II. -evening, the lamps, the curtains, the three, the fire, the room, the
mood, the sofa, a cigarette, the window, the silence, the house, a bang,
the door
UNIT 55
55.2 1. – 2. the 3. –, the 4. – 5. the 6. – 7. a 8. –, – 9. – 10. – 11. – 12. the 13. a
14. – 15. – 16. a 17. – 18. a, – 19. – 20. –
55.3 1. I left school and two years later entered the university. 2. It’s so difficult to choose a school for your child! 3. The school which her children
go to, is not far from their house. 4. – What a beautiful church! – The
church was built in the 17 century! 5. If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late
for classes. 6. Call the hospital and find out the results of the analysis.
7. East or West, Home is best. 8. You must sleep on it. 9. The town is getting bigger and people need a new church. 10. The church stood on a hill.
11. He was in prison for ten years. 12. She came up to the bed and looked
at the sleeping children. 13. What a hard bed! I can’t fall asleep on it.
14. He studied at a first-class college. 15. She works in a comprehensive
school. 16. Let’s hang the picture over the bed. 17. The child has grown,
we need to buy a new bed for him. 18. Criminals must be kept in prison.
19. The Count Monte-Cristo spent many years in prison. He dug a passage and ran away.
55.4 1. an, the, – 2. The, a, the 3. – 4. –, the 5. – 6. The, the 7. – 8. a, a, the
9. a, the 10. – 11. –, – 12. –, – 13. –, the 14. –, –
UNIT 56
56.1 1. – 2. a 3. an 4. – 5. a 6. an 7. – 8. – 9. – 10. a 11. a 12. a 13. – 14. – 15. a
16. a
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56.3 1. She has a big family. She is rushing around from morning till night like
a squirrel in a wheel. 2. He behaves like a true gentleman. 3. She always
speaks in a very low voice. 4. She is like a second mother to me. 5. She’s
as pretty as a picture. 6. – It looks like rain. – And I think it looks like
snow. 7. Why are you behaving like teenagers? 8. “I’m in a great hurry”, - she said with a sigh. 9. I am not surprised. This story is as old at
the hills (world). 10. Eugene dressed like (as) a London dandy. 11. Don’t
worry! It’s as simple as ABC. 12. These girls swim like fish. 13. The children were sitting quietly like mice. They had broken their mother’s vase.
14. The holiday was sad, like Christmas without a fir tree and presents.
15. The children looked like little savages. 16. The room was in an awful mess. 17. The best rest is a change of activity. 18. She could read her
husband like an open book. 19. They fought like young lions. 20. Frankly
speaking, the world for me is like a soap opera. 21. My Grandpa smokes
like a chimney. 22. I’m in a happy mood today.
56.4 1. a 2. a, the 3. a, a 4. a 5. a 6. a, the 7. – 8. a 9. a 10. The, an 11. a 12. a
13. a, – 14. – 15. a 16. a
UNIT 57
57.1 1. The, – a 2. The, the 3. The, a 4. the, the 5. A, –, the, the 6. the, –, the,
the 7. the, the 8. an, – 9. a, – 10. the, the 11. a, – 12. a, – 13. the 14. the,
the 15. a, – 16. A, – 17. The 18. a, – 19. the, the 20. The, a
57.2 1. He has a good sense of humour. 2. He presented her with a bunch
of flowers. 3. The bunch of flowers you gave me is just wonderful.
4. A group of schoolchildren came on an excursion in the Russian Museum. 5. The group of schoolchildren was big enough. 6. Let’s have a
cup of coffee with a piece of pie. 7. We need a pretty sum of money to
repair the roof of the garage. 8. The village is situated at the foot of a
(the) hill. 9. She has the figure of a top model. 10. There is a small island
in the middle of the river. 11. The face of the woman seemed familiar to
me. 12. The heart of a woman is unpredictable. 13. The end of the term
is coming. 14. I pay all the bills at the end of the year. 15. I need to buy
a pack of cigarettes. 16. The detective is trying to get to the heart of the
matter. 17. I live in a block of flats. 18. There was an expression of surprise on his face. 19. A group of tourists is waiting for you. 20. He lives in
the centre of the city. 21. Relax! It’s not the end of the world!
UNIT 58
58.2 1. I meet with my classmates from time to time. 2. (A) lady in red is dancing with cheek to cheek. 3. We worked side by side for many years. 4. The
family is very poor. They live from hand to mouth. 5. Day by day his condition is improving. 6. The guy tattooed from head to foot. 7. She read the
book from cover to cover for two days. 8. He retold the text word by word.
9. She is a lady from head to toe. 10. He fell in love with her at first sight.
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11. She is never on time. 12. Don’t worry. We’ll come in time for the concert. 13. She is on a vegetable diet now. 14. We must order a tickets in advance. 15. Here you are at last! In future try to come on time. 16. – Who is
on duty today? – It’s me. 17. I heard it on the radio 18. There aren’t many
interesting programs on television. 19. This book is on sale now. 20. He
did it by mistake, I’m sure. 21. We are not friends, but we are n friendly
terms. 22. You are always on my mind. 23. Keep it in mind, will you?
58.3 1. l 2. n 3. g, i 4. k 5. m 6. j 7. o 8. q 9. r 10. S 11. a 12. p 13. d, e, f 14. c 15. b
UNIT 59
59.1 1. The 2. a, a 3. a 4. the 5. – 6. The 7. A 8. – 9. the, the 10. A 11. the 12. a
13. The, the, the, the 14. The, the 15. a 16. The, an, the 17. The, the, the
18. –, –, – 19. The 20. the 21. The 22. the, a 23. the 24. a 25. a
59.2 1. The Universe is endless. 2. The Earth is round and it rotates. 3. The sun
is not a planet. It’s a star. 4. The sun gives us light, warmth, energy. In a
word, it gives us life. 5. Books transported Matilda into a wonderful world.
6. You can see the Northern Lights only in the north. 7. There are two
poles on the Earth – the North Pole and the South Pole. 8. When sailors
reach the equator, they swim in the ocean by all means. It’s a tradition.
9. What a cold wind is blowing today! 10. Yuri Gagarin was the first man
who flew to the Cosmos. 11. East or West Home is best. 12. There are
ozone holes in the atmosphere of the Earth. 13. A full moon is shining in
the sky. 14. This is the way of the world. 15. This is a small world. Many
people know one another. 16. He is a well-known man in the computer
world. 17. Look at the globe and find Capetown. It is in the Southern
hemisphere. 18. Penguins live in the South Pole, but they are very small
and cute. 19. The moon moves round the Earth. 20. My God, what a world!
59.3 1. The 2. The 3. The, the 4. The 5. the, the 6. The, the 7. The 8. The, the,
the, – 9. the 10. – (a) 11. The 12. The, – 13. The, (the) 14. the 15. The
16. The 17. The 18. The 19. The 20. –, (the) 21. A, a, a, – 22. the 23. the,
the, the 24. A 25. The, –
59.4 1. The lion is the national emblem of Great Britain. 2. The metro first
appeared in London at the end of the nineteenth century. 3. In many
countries the bicycle is a popular kind of transport. 4. Nobody knows
what appeared first – the hen or the egg. 5. The postmark first appeared
in England in 1840. 6. The peacock is one of the most popular birds. 7. All
insects have six legs, but the spider has eight. 8. The circle has neither
the beginning nor the end. 9. The calendar is a very useful invention. 10. I
need a calendar for next year. 11. Short is the life of man! 12. The kangaroo lives in Australia. 13. The guitar appeared in Spain in the thirteenth
century. 14. The orange is the symbol of the state of Florida. 15. The first
computer was constructed in Pennsylvania in 1946. 16. A forget-me-not
is a lovely flower. 17. The blue whale is the biggest animal on the Earth.
18. The summer time was first introduced in England in 1908.The Eng-
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lish decided to save on candles. 19. What’s on the telly today? 20. Day by
day Mass Media tell us what’s going on in the world. 21. The baobab is
a huge African tree. 22. The stork builds its nest on the roofs of houses.
23. The dog is man’s friend. 24. The dollar has again fallen against the
euro. 25. Which do you like more – the ballet or the opera? – The ballet. – And I like the opera more, if, of course, it’s a good opera. 26. The
olive tree lives about nine hundred years.
59.5 1. The, the, the, the 2. The, a 3. The, the, the, the 4. the, the (a) 5. –, a,
the, the
UNIT 60
60.1 1. – 2. – 3. –, –, –, – 4. a 5. – 6. the 7. a 8. a 9. –, the 10. the 11. a 12. –
13. –, a 14. –, a, the 15. a 16. – 17. a 18. a 19. the 20. a 21. a
60.2 1. – I saw Paul McCartney at the concert in St. Petersburg. –The Paul
McCartney? Great! 2. Lord Sandwich invented a sandwich. 3. The girl
wants Father Frost to bring her a Barbie for the New Year. 4. – Is Nanny
in? – She is walking in the garden with little Misha. 5. – What a beautiful shop! – Yes, it’s a Valentino. 6. I’m going to buy a new dictionary
– a Collins or a Macmillan. 7. Not so long ago a new McDonald’s opened
near the metro station. 8. You are a true James Bond! 9. The film “Titanic” got several Oscars. 10. The Parkers have a wonderful library. 11. The
police know that he’s got a Kalashnikov in the house. 12. – A certain
Marina asks for you. – Yes, it’s the Marina who was recommended to
me as an accountant. 13. You should learn the truth about the true Tony.
14. The National Gallery bought a Ganguin at the auction. 15. She is a
true Richardson and like all the Richardsons very talented. 16. Can I
speak to you, doctor? 17. – You are a real Casanova. – And you are a
Don Juan! 18. A frightened Irene opened the door. 19. This fellow is a
real Tarzan . 20. We couldn’t recognize the practical, sensible Jane. It was
an absolutely different Jane.
60.3 1. the 2. a, a 3. the 4. –, the, the 5. The, a 6. the, a 7. a, a 8. –, a, the 9. a
UNIT 61
61.1 1. 1 2. 1 3. 2 4. 2 5. 2 6. 1 7. 2 8. 1 9. 1 10. 1 11. 1 12. 1 13. 1
61.5 1. AIDS is a dangerous disease. 2. Children usually have mumps. Mumps
is a children’s disease. 3. I have no idea where I caught a cold. 4. – I have
a splitting headache. – Take an aspirin. 5. If you have a toothache, you
must go to the dentist at once. 6. – Why is the child crying so loudly? –
He has an earache. 7. They parted and now Helen is suffering from hear
ache. 8. After this tragedy he had a heart attack. 9. – Hello, Marina! How
are you feeling? – Thank you, very well. And how are you? – Thank
you, not bad. 10. He has diabetes and that’s why he is on a strict diet.
11. – Why is the patient breathing so heavily? – He has pneumonia. 12. If
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you have a sore throat, take these tablets. They will help you. 13. The
operation was painful, but it saved the patient. 14. Don’t take too many
antibiotics. Make your immune system work. 15. She has a rare eye disease. 16. Before going to a sport section, the child must have a thorough
medical check-up. 17. Neurobics is gymnastics for the brain. 18. Smoking
causes a lot of diseases. 19. Many people in the modern world are suffering from insomnia. 20. The side-effects of this drug are insomnia and
depression.
UNIT 62
62.1 1. a 2. an 3. a 4. the, a 5. The, the 6. –, – 7. –, the 8. a 9. a 10. The, the
11. –, the 12. –, – 13. – 14. – 15. – 16. the, the, –, – 17. – 18. a 19. the, (–)
20. –
62.2 1. Jack Wats, a commentator, works for the BBC. 2. The painting, a small
canvas, cost a whole fortune. 3. At the National Gallery in London you
can see the pictures by the artist Turner. 4. The dog, a huge sheepdog, guarded the house at nights. 5. We very much liked their house,
a two-storeyed building on the bank of the river. 6. He is (the) King of
Spain. 7. The President had talks with the Prime-Minister. 8. Long live
the Queen! 9. My uncle is President of a big bank. 10. The Winter Palace
was built by the architect Rastrelli. 11. Byron, the great English poet,
fought for the freedom of Greece. 12. The children, naughty teenagers,
often came to us on their days-off. 13. The kiwi, a tropical fruit, is rich
in vitamin C. 14. All children like Mickey Mouse, the famous cartoon
character. 15. Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of the English language,
lived a very interesting life. 16. My friend, a writer, is always very busy.
17. Vladimir Nabokov, the world famous Russian writer, was a master
of style. 18. My daughter, a second-year student, is fond of yoga. 19. Our
neighbour, a tax officer, often complains that he has a very difficult job.
UNIT 63
63.1 1. Fruit is useful, especially for children. There are a lot of vitamins and
mineral salts in it. 2. I like citrus fruits: oranges, tangerines, lemons,
grapefruits. 3. Different fruits are used in cosmetics. 4. I am fond of
fruit and nuts. 5. This juice is made of different fruits. 6. Fruit is expensive, especially in winter. 7. Children like icecream with fruit. 8. Take
the fruit to the kitchen and wash it. 9. We have fruit for dessert today.
10. Earlier fruit was brought from the Crimea and the Caucasus. Now
it is mainly brought from Latin America, Africa, Italy, Greece, Spain.
11. Help yourself to the fruit, please. 12. A fruit salad consists of different fruits. 13. There is not much (little) fruit this year. 14. Now you can
fully enjoy the fruits of your work. 15. Many different fruits are sold at
our markets.
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63.2 A. a time, the island, a cottage, an old man, an old woman, – people, the
man, – fish, the old woman, an old sarafan, the man, a fish, an ordinary
fish, a golden one, in a voice, the sea, –old man, the man, the fish, the
water, a miracle, a fish, the woman, the man, – morning, – night, a loaf,
–fool, the fisherman, the sea, in a voice, the sea, the fish, the shore, the
wish, – food, the cottage, – bread, the woman, a tub, the old one, the
washing, the man, the sea, the fish, – my friend.
63.3 1. – Are there any fish in the Moskva-river? – Yes, there are. 2. – Is
there any fish on the menu? – Of course there is. 3. On Sunday I caught
three carp(s). 4. There are no fish in this lake. 5. The fishermen were
happy, they had caught many (a lot of) fish. 6. The fish is very tasty, who
(has) cooked it? 7. She is breathing like a fish taken out of water. 8. The
favourite food of English people is fish and chips. 9. My friend has a big
collection of birds and fishes. 10. The boy was given a bright album about
the fishes of the Atlantic. 11. Fish is more useful than meat. 12. – What a
beautiful fish! – Yes, it’s a starfish. 13. He’s an odd fish. 14. Forget him!
There are many other fish in the sea. 15. – What a strange fish! It has
only one eye. It must be the result of bad ecology. – Yes, the fish in this
lake are dying. 16. This girl swims like a fish. 17. – How many fish are
there in your fish-tank? – There were nine, but the cat has eaten (ate)
two, so there are seven fish left. 18. The shark is a fish dangerous for
other fish (fishes).
63.4 a clownfish, a son, the rest, a barracuda, an egg, a fish, – fun, – school,
the day, – school, the kids, the edge, the reef, the sea
UNIT 64
64.1 an inventor, a musician, a teacher, – people, a painter, a musician,
a teacher, a, – people
a teacher, a school, – Scotland, a teacher, – people
a thing, the family, –tuberculosis, the same disease, the doctor, a climate,
the family, – Canada, a year, the sound, the telegraph, a way, – sounds,
– wires.
a year, a job, the school, a school
a way, a voice, the wire, an assistant, an electrical shop, – machines,
a machine, – people
the room, a voice, the voice, the wire, the receiver, the table, the voice, –
Mr. Watson
the first telephone, – Germany, the exchange, – New Jersey, the line,
the United States.
64.2 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. b 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. c 11. b 12. a 13. a 14. b 15. c
64.4 1. –, a 2. a, the, a (the) 3. a, –, –, the 4. the, the, an 5. a, the 6. the, the
7. the, a, a, the, a 8. the, a 9. –, the, a, – 10. an, a, –, a, the, the, the, the
11. The, the, the, –
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64.5 1. j 2. k 3. e 4. m 5. n 6. i 7. o 8. a 9. b 10. c 11. d 12. l 13. f 14. g 15. h
64.6 I. the morning, the (an) ache, the bed, the rest, the night, the dogs, a run,
a morning, the air, – spring, the sky, the gate, the dogs, the field, the
view, the country, an excellent mood, the dogs, the house, a cold
II. the table, a mug, – coffee, the breakfast, the table, a breakfast, –
eggs, -bacon, – breakfast, – breakfast, – fruit, – fruit, – breakfast, the
day, a heart attack, – breakfasts, the weekend, a bowl, – porridge, –
toast, – fruit, – pancakes, a bite, the size of a house, a diet, – week.
64.7 1. When he grew up, he realized how many mistakes he had made in his
life. 2. She was on cloud nine with happiness. She had passed the last,
the fifth exam. 3. He had looked through the paper “The Times” and
was now lying on the sofa and watching the latest news which was very
interesting. 4. The cat Sonya is a great sleeper. She sleeps mostly in the
daytime and catches mice at nights. 5. She had switched off the computer
and was laying (putting) the files into the box. She had done everything
she had planned for the day. 6. He wondered what they had been taking
about while he was out of the room. 7. I saw a new film the other day.
Never before had I seen anything better. 8. It was noon when we flew to
the Mediterranean Sea. At last our dream had come true! 9. The reporter
said that the President had made a great speech. 10. Pavlov, the great
Russian scientist, made experiments on the dog. 11. The elephant has a
very good memory. It can remember some things for thirty years. 12. She
has the memory of an elephant. 13. Earlier The book was the main source
of information. Now we have the Internet and Mass Media. 14. The President of America visited many European countries last year.
64.8 The States – Chicago, the end, the century, the business, – University,
the War, the war, the East, the capital, –America, the business
New York, the spring, a room, the city, a season, a wish, a place, – lawns,
the country, a hundred, a month, a house, a dog, an old motor-car, a
woman, the housework, a day, a man, the road, the village, an excuse-me
face, a guide, the neighbourhood.
the sunshine, the leaves, the trees, – life, the summer, a dozen, – banking, a lot of, – college, – articles, – Yale News, a man, – culture, the
house, – New York, – Long Island, the tip, the island, – the water, the
house, a copy, – France, a pool, a garden, a mansion, a gentleman
UNIT 65
65.1 1. myself 2. yourself 3. yourself 4. themselves 5. myself 6. himself 7. themselves 8. himself 9. itself 10. yourself, yourself 11. himself 12. itself 13. ourselves 14. himself 15. herself 16. itself 17. yourselves 18. herself 19. myself
65.3 1. each other 2. themselves 3. them 4. yourselves 5. me, myself 6. one,
another 7. each other 8. themselves 9. you (them) 10. each other 11. you,
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Ключи к упражнениям
myself 12. myself 13. you 14. yourself 15. – 16. yourself 17. each other
(ourselves) 18. themselves, them 19. themselves 20. them (each other)
21. yourself 22. it
65.4 1. If you want to change everything, start with yourself. 2. Do understand, you are lying to yourself! 3. The tea is too hot, don’t burn yourself! 4. Look out (Be careful), don’t hurt yourself! 5. Take care of yourself! And try to relax more often. 6. She devoted herself to her children
and never thought about herself. 7. He felt that he was not right, but
he couldn’t make himself admit it. 8. Tell us about yourself. Who are
you? Where are you from? What do you do? 9. Nobody will do it for
you, you’ll have to do it yourself. 10. She is politeness itself. 11. – Would
you call yourself a cool guy? – Of course not. 12. Pull yourself together,
you are a man, aren’t you? 13. She considers herself (to be) the centre of the Universe. 14. Decide your problems yourself, and I’ll try to
concentrate on mine. 15. I am feeling myself that I was wrong. 16. She
is beside herself with happiness. 17. Your report speaks for itself. It’s
great. 18. I am a cat that walks by itself. 19. Very often the children
were left to themselves. 20. My friends and I live not far from each
other. 21. Today we’re going to the theatre and hope to enjoy ourselves.
23. He caught himself thinking that he again was thinking about that
girl. And he had to remind himself that he hadn’t even taken her phone
number. 24. In any situation be yourself.
UNIT 66
66.3 1. would meet 2. wouldn’t have 3. would have advised 4. would have
met 5. would’ve bought 6. would’ve come 7. wouldn’t get 8. would’ve
watched 9. would enjoy 10. wouldn’t make 11. would try 12. would’ve got
13. would be 14. would’ve read 15. wouldn’t be watching 16. wouldn’t act
66.4 1. – Would you like to go to the country on Saturday? – I would,
but I’m working this Saturday. 2. – And what would you do in my
place now? – I would agree to do this work. 3. But for bad luck, he
would have passed this exam. 4. But for good luck, they wouldn’t have
won this match. 5. – I have an awful toothache. If I had ad toothache, I would immediately go to the doctor. 6. But for the Internet, we
wouldn’t know many things. 7. In your place I wouldn’t use so much
cosmetics. 8. My friends often go to Turkey to rest. And I would go to
Sochi. 9. If you knew the English language, you could read good books
in the original. 10. What sweet jam! In your place I wouldn’t have put
so much sugar in it. 11. – And what would you say if I invited you to
the theatre? – I would say “yes”. 12. My daughter doesn’t want to read
Dickens’s novels. And I would reread them. 13. If I found myself in
Egypt, I would certainly see the Nile, Cairo, the Pyramids. 14. If I were
your teacher, I would make you love the English language. 15. If the
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weather hadn’t been so rainy on Sunday, we would’ve had a great time
in our dacha. 16. I would be very thankful to you if you left me alone.
17. I don’t like the curtains in the dining-room. I would change them.
18. She still loves him or they would’ve parted long ago. 19. I wouldn’t
have bought this dress if it weren’t the latest fashion. 20. If our climate were more stable, many people wouldn’t be suffering from sudden changes in the weather. 21. It would be great if there were more
good programs for children on our television.
66.5 1. were not, would be 2. hadn’t been, wouldn’t have been late 3. had gone,
might have given 4. didn’t like, wouldn’t work (be working) 5. would you
do, came up, tried 6. weren’t, wouldn’t be holding 7. broke, wouldn’t
develop 8. could read, would be 9. had given, would have guessed
10. hadn’t been, might have understood 11. were, wouldn’t eat, would
starve 12. trusted, respected, would make 13. had tried, would be 14. had
known, would’ve taken 15. had felt, would have been
UNIT 67
67.1 1. were, had been, were 2. had, had had, had 3. were, had been, were
4. could, could have, were able 5. told, had told, told
67.4 1. could 2. didn’t have 3. could wait 4. were 5. had studied 6. had followed 7. were not 8. had bought 9. hadn’t married 10. hadn’t gone 11. had
checked 12. were 13. had seen 14. had agreed 15. rained 16. were 17. could
18. listened, gave up 19. knew 20. (had) let 21. didn’t argue 22. leave
23. could
67.5 1. I wish it weren’t so. 2. I wish it were so. 3. I wish you studied the English language. 4. I wish you had learnt (studied) the English language
earlier. 5. I wish you read more. 6. I wish you didn’t read so many glossy
magazines. 7. I wish you didn’t spend so much money on cosmetics. 8. I
wish you spend money on books and theatres. 9. I wish life weren’t so
short and tough! 10. I wish life were more happy (happier). 11. I wish
many of us didn’t live so far from the Institute. 12. I wish my family had
moved to the country. 13. I wish we didn’t live in different cities. We
could become friends. 14. I wish I hadn’t had an awful headache yesterday or I would have gone to the cinema with you. 15. I wish my son had
fallen in love with this beautiful girl. She could have made him happy.
16. I wish my friend hadn’t fallen in love with this girl. She will surely
make his life unbearable. 17. I wish you didn’t eat so many sweet things!
18. I wish you had tasted the cake. It’s delicious. 19. I wish she weren’t
always telling him about her problems. 20. I wish you had informed us of
your difficulties. We could have helped you. 21. I wish you at last stopped
arguing. 22. I wish you didn’t speak to (the) children so rudely. 23. You’d
better apologize. 24. I’d rather consult my lawyer. 25. We’d rather you
didn’t return home so late.
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Ключи к упражнениям
67.7 1. It’s time you cleaned (should clean) your room. 2. It’s time you thought
of your future. 3. It’s time you called a doctor. 4. It’s time you stopped
asking me silly questions. 5. It’s time for me to go (I went). 6. It’s time you
washed your car. 7. Isn’t it time you changed the water in the fish-tank?
8. Isn’t it time you stopped switching one program to another? 9. Isn’t it
time you helped your parents? 10. It is time you felt responsible for your
children. 11. It is time you earned your own living. 12. Isn’t it time we sat
down to table? 13. It is time for the children to switch off the TV and go
to bed. 14. It is time you stopped wasting your time and money. 15. Isn’t
it time you should learn to drive a car?
67.9 1. If I were in your place, I would behave as if nothing had happened.
2. I wish you could sing! I would write songs and you would sing them.
3. It’s a bad idea. It’s time you understood that I won’t accept it. 4. There
was such an aroma in the room as if there were a million roses in it. 5. It
is strange that she should refuse this job. 6. The miners demanded that
their demands should be fulfilled. 7. It’s high time she returned. I wish
she had taken her mobile phone with her. 8. I’m a grown-up person. Why
do you treat me as if I were a child? 9. She put on her sunglasses as if
she were trying to conceal the expression of her eyes. 10. In this world it
is absolutely necessary that people should help one another. 11. I suggest
that we should organize a picnic on Sunday. 12. And isn’t it time you told
us all your secrets, dear? 13. It’s very important that this information
(should) be kept secret. 14. The order was the soldiers should cross the
Volga. 15. He smiled as if he had read her thoughts and now knew everything. 16. It’s very strange that she should choose this profession. 17. The
pie tasted so unusual as if all the spices of the East had been put in it.
18. – I feel as if I were absolutely happy. – As if it were possible! 19. He
felt fresh as if he hadn’t worked twelve hours without any break. 20. He
was looking at the girl tenderly as if he had forgiven her and were in
love with her again. 21. You’d better take care of your health. 22. – Tea
or coffee? – I’d rather have tea. 23. We’d rather you didn’t interfere in
our affairs.
UNIT 68
68.3
THE SILLY SERVANT
A writer had a boy-servant, who was very silly. The writer very much
wanted the boy to be more clever, but all his efforts were useless. Once,
when the writer was sitting and writing a new book, the servant rushed
into the room. He looked as if he were frightened to death, as if the end
of the world had come. “Fire! Fire! The kitchen is burning!” The writer
ran after the servant to the kitchen. A fire was burning near the stove,
as the servant had left there a log, which was now burning. And on the
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stove there was (stood)a big kettle with water. “You, silly boy!” – cried
the writer. “Couldn’t you pour the water on the burning wood?” The boy
got very much surprised, as if he had heard something very strange, and
then explained to the master that it would have been absolutely useless,
as it was hot water!
68.4 1. shall (will) send 2. fed 3. will be 4. would have passed 5. won’t
6. wouldn’t go 7. shall (will) go 8. were 9. spoke 10. don’t get 11. would be
12. were 13. hadn’t eaten 14. shall (will) 15. won’t have 16. gives
68.5
THE POLITE JAPANESE
An American came to Japan. He couldn’t speak Japanese at all. He was
afraid that he could have some problems as he didn’t know the language and that’s why he hired a Japanese servant. The Japanese was
very polite. He served the American as if he were an emperor. One day
the American asked the servant to wake him up earlier the next morning. He explained that it was necessary that he should meet the plane
early in the morning. At six o’clock in the morning the servant quietly
entered the American’s room. He saw that his master was fast asleep,
took a sheet of paper, wrote something on it and in the same way quietly
left the room. The American woke up at eleven o’clock in the morning,
looked at the clock and was horrified.
And now he saw a note at his side and read the following: “Dear sir, it’s
six o’clock. It’s time to get up.”
68.7 grew, gave, came, didn’t know, thought, plant, will steal, plant, will come,
plant, will take
could, grow, died, got, had done, could, had planted, would have stolen,
had planted, would have come, taken, had known, would have never
given
68.8 1. – If I knew the code, I could get to this site and get the information
which interests me. – Let me help you. 2. – I would have completely
forgotten about the appointment if the secretary hadn’t reminded me
about it. – I wish you weren’t so absent-minded! 3. – But for the goalkeeper, the team would’ve lost the game and wouldn’t be the champion
of the country now. – I wish I had seen the match. 4. – What would
you say if I asked you to marry me? – Even if you offered me the
whole world, I wouldn’t do it. I love another man. – I wish you had told
me about it earlier. 5. I wish I had a bike, it would be great! Father says
that if I finish school successfully, he’ll give me a (the) bike of the latest model. 6. But for the global warming, we could have avoided many
problems already. It’s high time we took serious measures to save the
Earth. 7. – If Victor hadn’t changed his mind and had taken part in the
show “Who wants to become a millionaire?”, he would have definitely
won a million roubles. He is such an erudite! – Yes, if I had been in his
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place, I would have risked. 8. It’s time the children went to bed, or in
the morning they won’t be able to get up and will be late for school.
9. It seems the weather is changing for the worse. It’s time to wear
warm clothes. I wish summer hadn’t passed so quickly. 10. I do know
how to help you. I wish you (had) trusted me and had turned to me for
help earlier.
68.9 to use, had long wanted, picked up, tapped, had run (had been running),
needed, felt, had got, could, begged, were, carried, had been talking,
could, stand, stopped, had gone, gave, went, fell, had burned, had been
trying, had taught, hadn’t been, had let, to use
68.10 1. If it is a fine day tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach. 2. – If the weather
hadn’t been so gloomy in the last three months! We would feel better.
– Yes, I wish the weather weren’t changing for the worse. If we could
control the weather! 3. – I’d rather you didn’t sneeze and cough here. I
can catch flu from you. – It’s advisable you should wear a mask as they
do it, for instance, in Japan. 4. Don’t worry! If he finds out something,
he is sure to call us. 5. – Look what I have done! – I wish you hadn’t
done it. 6. I wish I had a suitcase full of money! I could do so many good
things. 7. If we ever get to England, we’ll definitely see all the sights we
had read and heard so much about. 8. I wish Anastasia had graduated
from the medical institute. If she had done it, she would’ve become a
good doctor. 9. If I don’t have to go to work tomorrow, I’ll do housework.
10. The lecture starts at 10 o’clock. You’d better hurry. It’s necessary
that everybody should come on time. 11. – I’d rather stay at home today.
I’m not feeling very well today. – And in your place I would’ve called a
doctor. 12. I’d rather you didn’t criticize me. 13. – May I switch on the
TV-set? – I’d rather you didn’t do it. It’s already late. You’d better go
to bed. 14. If he hadn’t studied in a computer school, he wouldn’t have
learned to write computer programs. 15. I couldn’t have made this film,
if many people hadn’t helped me, my family in the first place. Today I
want to thank them.
68.11 1. If a detective hadn’t recognized Dick, he wouldn’t be in prison now.
2. He wishes he hadn’t drunk so much last night. 3. I wish your parents
could be here too. 4. I wish I didn’t have to work late tonight. 5. If you
hadn’t been driving too fast, you wouldn’t have had an accident. 6. You
look awful as if you had received bad news. 7. He wishes he hadn’t upset her. 8. She feels great, as if she were flying. 9. If Jim hadn’t missed
the plane, he would be here now. 10. If she had found out the truth, she
would have been angry. 11. She looks pale as if she had caught a cold.
12. You look scared as if you had seen a ghost. 13. He’s always interrupting people as if he knew everything. 14. I wish time didn’t fly so fast.
15. If you had tried, you would have found the way out of this mess.
16. If he weren’t very absent-minded, he wouldn’t make many mistakes.
17. I wish Australia weren’t so far away.
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68.12 1. – Sit down, please. – Thank you, I’d rather stand. 2. It looks like rain.
You’d better take an umbrella. 3. I’d rather you didn’t command here
(you weren’t so bossy). 4. If he invites us to his birthday, we’ll be happy.
5. If there were no oxygen in the air, we wouldn’t be able to live. 6. It’s
necessary you should inform the President about it. 7. You’d better keep
silent, or you again will say something wrong. 8. We’ll be glad if he falls
in love with her. 9. If you loved me, you’d fulfil all my wishes. 10. – They
will get upset if you don’t visit them. – I wish you could do it. 11. If you
change your mind, let us know. It is necessary that we should find another person for this post. 12. – It’s high time you stopped dreaming and
started working!- Yes, I’d better follow your advice. 13. You’ll be lucky
if you find a horseshoe. – Yes, if I found a horseshoe, I would hang it
for good luck. 14. We wouldn’t have got into such a hard situation, if we
had checked up all the papers. 15. – Isn’t it time, we all went (should go)
home? – And I’d rather stay here.
UNIT 69
69.1 1. To be, to be 2. – , – 3. to 4. – 5. to 6. to 7. to 8. – 9. – 10. to 11. – 12. –
13. – 14. – 15. to, to 16. –, –, to 17. to 18. to 19. – 20. to
69.3 1. to translate 2. to be translated 3. to organize 4. to be organized 5. to
build 6. be finished 7. to have been published 8. to be sleeping 9. to take
10. to be given 11. break, be kept 12. to be told 13. to wash 14. to be
washed 15. to think 16. have told 17. to waste 18. to be operated on 19. be
checked 20. to have been raised 21. to give, to be given
69.4 1. j 2. k 3. l 4. m 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. d 9. h 10. f 11. g 12. n 13. o 14. e 15. i
69.5 1. I’m happy to see you. 2. I’m very glad to have met you. 3. I’m happy to
have been given this work. 4. I want to tell you the latest news. 5. I want
to be left alone. 6. She seems to know everybody in the city. 7. You seem
to have been sitting at the computer since early morning. Isn’t it time to
switch it off? 8. To read books is to broaden your horizons. 9. She couldn’t
afford to give up her work. She had kids to raise. 10. She was beginning
to realize what had happened. 11. I have nothing to do. 12. I have so
many things to do. 13. To master a language you must work hard. 14. It
takes a lot of time to become a professional. 15. She is clever enough to
do her work. 16. It’s too dangerous to get into passing cars. 17. She is difficult to please. 18. He is easy to deal with. 19. It’s something hard to describe. 20. Big money is hard to hide. 21. To be or not to be – that is the
question. 22. She needed to be helped.
69.6 1. to help me 2. to send 3. to get 4. to read 5. to enter 6. to be late 7. to be
8. to buy, to raise 9. to hurt 10. to have 11. to meet 12. to live 13. to get
14. to lend, to agree, to help 15. to arrive 16. to buy 17. to buy 18. to run
19. to see 20. to write (pronounce)
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69.8 1. Frankly speaking, you are too young to tell me what to do. 2. We had
to get up very early to catch the first bus. 3. My Granny used to come
into my room to tell me a bedtime story. 4. Matilda was clever enough to
be at the top of the class. 5. The oranges are too tired to buy them. 6. To
be honest, I had to lie to save the situation. 7. He wanted to hear the
truth, he didn’t want to be told a lie again. 8. Life is too short to waste
(the) time. 9. To tell the truth, I had to inform the police about it. 10. I’d
rather go for a walk. Would you like to join me? 11. Believe me, you have
nothing to fear. 12. There are a few faxes to be answered today. 13. To
cut it short, he managed to escape from prison and for a long time he
had to hide in a forest. 14. He was the first to come and the last to leave.
15. I have no wish to argue with you. I have so many copybooks to check
up. 16. The words of this song are easy to remember. 17. My parents
taught me to see the best in people. 18. It was necessary for her to find
him. 19. Students would like to have more free time to enjoy life. 20. To
love is (means) to sacrifice.
UNIT 70
70.1 1. – 2. to 3. – 4. to 5. –, –, – 6. to, to 7. to 8. –, to 9. – 10. to 11. to 12. –
13. to 14. –, –, – 15. – 16. to, – 17. – 18. to, to 19. – 20. –, –
70.3 1. call 2. hit 3. feel 4. fol 5. setting 6. follow (following) 7. bark (barking) 8. happen 9. boiling 10. leave (leaving) 11. coming 12. decorating
13. watching 14. having 15. stop, look around, enter 16. speaking
70.4 finished, was, decide, to take, was passing, realized, hadn’t had, would
like, is, thought, entered, saw, sitting, was brought, hadn’t been, took,
was occupied, talking, laughing
finished, was, to leave, began raining (to rain), waited, didn’t stop, were,
was raining, could, go out, hadn’t taken, expected, to stop, changed,
ordered, noticed, do, had, has been raining, shows, left (should leave),
thought, went out, walked, stopped, was, had been sitting, had been
was, sitting, was holding, was watering, wanted, to stay, (had) worked
70.5 1. We expect our trip to be interesting. 2. We watched the fish swimming in the fish-tank (aquarium). 3. Books made me look at the world in
a completely new way. 4. He was made to speak in court and everybody
expected him to say what he had seen. 5. I won’t let you say such things
behind my back! 6. The tourists didn’t notice a big bear come up to the
fire. 7. I’ve never seen anyone enjoy food so much. 8. We want you to
stay with us. 9. People expect this politician to really help them. 10. He
was heard to say that he was leaving. 11. Have you ever heard a nightingale sing? 12. Have you ever seen a cat hunting mice? 13. He noticed the
inspector coming to him and stopped the car. 14. This book is considered
to be a bestseller. 15. I consider this actor to be a genius. 16. The guards
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let him enter the house, bit he wasn’t allowed to leave it. 17. Admiral
Nelson said: “England expects every man to do his duty.”
70.6 When I was a little boy, my parents never made me do what I didn’t
want to do. To tell the truth, I was sometimes made to take away my toys
and books. Often I was hard to manage, but as I grew up, my father used
to tell me that I must get used to being organized and diligent. “Learning
is a long process, it lasts all life”, my mother said. Now they didn’t let me
watch television for a long time and go to bed late. Reading, swimming,
playing chess became my hobbies. Studying at school took a lot of time,
but, to be honest, I enjoyed getting more and more knowledge. I had my
computer connected to the Internet and it helped me a lot. “We want
you to grow up an educated person, a person with principles and a good
job”, my father used to say. “Do you expect me to become another Bill
Gates?” was my answer. Like many teenagers I started smoking, but my
parents insisted that I should give up smoking. “Smoking is a bad habit.
You’d better do it now”, my mother would (used to) say. Not wanting to
upset her, I did it. I remember my mother telling me that life is too shot
to waste time. “Remember that you must do everything on time and that
you mustn’t be reminded about it twice”, was her advice. And I always
follow it.
UNIT 71
71.3 1. crying 2. painting 3. raining, going 4. crying, crying 5. watching, seeing
6. answering 7. keeping 8. talking, mentioning 9. washing 10. telling, being
reprimanded 11. being abused 12. reading, listening 13. talking, asking,
interrupting 14. asking, being asked 15. being ignored 16. having been
17. to being taken 18. answering 19. having been working 20. being tattooed 21. getting married
71.4 1. Teaching is a stressful job. 2. Learning a foreign language is a long process. 3. Watching television is my way to relax. 4. My hobbies are reading, travelling and meeting friends. 5. Stop chattering and start working.
6. She is fond of reading Russian classics. 7. Choosing a profession is the
most important step (act) in any person’s life. 8. The Rector congratulated
everybody on graduating from the University. 9. Every day my brother
promises to give up smoking, but still goes on doing it. 10. Her manner
of speaking irritates everybody. 11. I don’t feel like studying today. What
about going for a walk? 12. He couldn’t help telling her how beautiful she
was. 13. Please, wipe your feet before entering. 14. Her greatest pleasure
is gossiping. 15. I hate (can’t stand) being left alone on days off. 16. This
musical is worth seeing. 17. And is it worth while spending time on this
matter? 18. She is thinking of buying a house in the country. 19. I don’t
mind (I’m not against) helping my relatives financially. 20. Excuse me
for calling so late. 21. On entering the house she at once felt something
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wrong. 22. I don’t object to your using my printer. 23. You can improve
your pronunciation by reading aloud. 24. Stop complaining! I don’t feel
like listening to you today. 25. I’m fond of watching the sun rise. 26. Seeing is believing. 27. There is no turning back. 28. The child deserves praising. 29. We regret doing it. 30. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
71.6 1. He sent a telegram instead of writing a letter. 2. It’s difficult to make a
good career without working hard. 3. Our teacher uses the latest methods
of teaching foreign languages. 4. The monkeys were so amusing that we
couldn’t help smiling. 5. I don’t think that he is capable of lying. 6. Stop
switching the TV-set from one channel to another. 7. He apologized for
having been rude to us. 8. It’s always unpleasant when someone is speaking to you without looking you in the eye. 9. The girl felt bad after having eaten a whole box of sweets. 10. I am not used to being spoken to in
such a way. 11. The guitar needs tuning. 12. The thieves got into the shop
by breaking the window. 13. The tourist complained of having been given
a very small room in the hotel. 14. The boy didn’t come up close to the
dog. He was afraid of being bitten. 15. The clock went on working though
it had been dropped before that. 16. Your hair is very long, Andrew,
you must have it cut. 17. I hate people smoking near me. 18. This boy is
very good at drawing. 19. The policeman accused Sam of carrying a gun
illegally. 20. What prevented you from going there alone? 21. You must
give up the idea of becoming a rock-musician. 22. After having lived in
England for a few years, I learned to value money. 23. It goes without
saying that you’ll be given a chance to speak with the lawyer. 24. He was
flattered by being invited to this nomination. 25. Having returned home
from hospital, he complained of having been treated badly.
UNIT 72
72.2 1. missing 2. to say 3. of taking care 4. of doing 5. of talking 6. to talk 7. to
hear 8. arguing 9. on finding 10. to be told 11. to try 12. of seeing 13. talking 14. to speak 15. for reading 16. to read
72.4 1. painting, to paint 2. to drive, to be driven 3. to deceive 4. being deceived 5. raining, to look 6. to take 7. promising 8. to be left 9. servicing
10. Choosing, being chosen 11. cracking 12. to buy 13. to feed, reminding
14. shutting 15. crossing, being knocked down 16. being beaten, winning
17. working, being underpaid 18. to treat, being treated 19. being paid,
getting 20. catching 21. having been bitten 22. reading
72.7 1. Teaching the Russian language is my job. 2. He is trying hard, but he
can’t give up smoking. 3. – Do you mind my asking you a couple of questions? – I’m in no mood for answering (the) journalists’ questions today.
4. Running is a good way of losing weight. 5. The cat went on climbing
the tree. 6. It’s time we started working. 7. Don’t make the clients wait.
8. His hobby is collecting butterflies. 9. The furniture needs vacuuming,
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the flowers watering, old things need throwing away. 10. Everybody saw
him open the safe, but nobody saw him close it. 11. I hate to go shopping.
12. I’m still thirsty, in spite of having had four cups of tea. 13. He thought
for a long time before answering. 14. Where is my dictionary? Have you
forgotten taking it from me a week ago? 15. We’ll have a break, but before that you must finish writing the report. 16. She hates walking, but
she can’t afford to take a taxi. 17. Doctors and nurses are used to working at nights. 18. Little girls are very fond of playing with dolls. 19. Most
children like to be taken to the Zoo. 20. This boy is very naughty in spite
of his being often punished.
UNIT 73
73.2 1. pouring 2. leaving 3. slip, fall 4. working 5. coming 6. wandering 7. talking 8. following 9. having 10. laughing, talking, enjoying 11. stand up,
leave 12. watching 13. following 14. boiling 15. thinking 16. go off, run
(running)
73.4 1. The students, standing at the window, are second-year students. 2. He
felt his heart start beating violently. 3. Have you ever heard her speak
(speaking) English? 4. Looking through the accounts, she discovered several mistakes. 5. Not wishing to quarrel with her, he kept silent. 6. Not
knowing the name and the address of the girl, he was afraid that he
would never find her. 7. The falling leaves were covering the ground like
a carpet. 8. The car that (which) had been (standing) opposite the house
disappeared. 9. The people standing opposite the office seem suspicious to
me. 10. His attention was attracted by a girl sitting at the next table in
the café. 11. The girl who had been sitting opposite him in the carriage
rose (got up) and went out at the next stop. 12. The helicopter flying over
the highway follows a black jeep. 13. The plane that had been flying to
the Arab Emirates disappeared an hour ago. 14. Through the open door
we could see students rehearsing for the next KVN. 15. I saw you dancing and I’ll never forget it. 16. Not wanting to attract anybody’s attention
the agent got lost in the crowd.
73.5 1. The tourist arrested for shoplifting had to pay a fine. 2. Napoleon born
in 1769 was Emperor of France. 3. Nancy went to the party accompanied
by her boyfriend. 4. The events described in this book are purely fictional.
5. The castle built five hundred years ago stood on a hill. 6. He applied for
a job advertised in the paper. 7. The American bought a picture painted
by Dali. 8. His words had the desired effect. 9. The church built in the
fifteenth century is in need of repair. 10. I can’t find the email sent by
them. 11. The old letter found by her changed her life. 12. Disappointed
with the meal they complained to the manager. 13. The books borrowed
by you from the library are now overdue. 14. The dress displayed in the
window was fantastic.
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73.6 1. The metro is usually overcrowded in the mornings and in the evenings. 2. He looks worried. He had his car stolen. 3. – Is she married?
– No, she is divorced. 4. He is very devoted to his family. 5. She was
hurt badly. Her heart is broken. 6. You are mistaken. She’s really interested in languages. 7. This table mat is made of cork. 8. The teacher
is very satisfied with the results of the exam. 9. Omelette is made from
eggs, milk, salt, a little flour. 10. I am tired of this life. I am bored. I am
disappointed in people. 11. The boxer was challenged to play another
round. 12. The children were excited by the coming visit to the circus.
13. Sour milk is made from milk. 14. The children were scared as if
they had seen a ghost. 15. The patient was prepared for the operation.
16. Thirty people were drowned in the Moskva-river last year. 17. I was
very surprised that the bank was closed at noon. 18. My car was towed
away from the centre of the city. I had to pay a fine. 19. I am broken.
I am exhausted. The only thing I want is to have a rest. 20. The frame
of the picture is made of nut.
73.8 1. The trees planted near my house ten years ago have now become very
big. 2. The man cutting grass in the garden is our gardener. 3. The child
left on the step of the house turned out to be a cute girl. 4. Advertised
goods are not always of a good quality. 5. Spring has come. I must have
my windows washed. 6. They moved to a new district and they haven’t
had a telephone installed yet. 7. I was presented with earrings. I must
have my ears pierced. 8. The fallen tree blocked the way. 9. My friends
are going to have their child christened next Sunday. 10. The roses cut in
the morning have already faded. 11. We had pizza delivered to the office
within twenty minutes. 12. The other day I had my computer connected
to the Internet. 13. There must be more vacancies for unemployed people
in the country. 14. Where did you have your hair cut? You have a wonderful hair-do. 15. This politician promises that he will always help the
humiliated and the insulted.
UNIT 74
74.1 1. to bring 2. promising 3. filling 4. meeting 5. to meet 6. to answer 7. answering 8. to say 9. paying 10. to vacuum 11. chewing 12. to check 13. crying, to buy 14. saying 15. to inform 16. to call 17. talking 18. to have a chat
74.3 haven’t had, hasn’t been, is already studying, is already working, bought,
takes, plays, knows, make, feel, lived (were living)
goes, haven’t seen, do, doesn’t sleep, had, was standing, taking, heard,
coming, saying
called, answering, went on, rehearsing, was, pulled, was standing, was
holding, expected, to stop, learning noticed, looking, continued, hammering,
would drive, replied, did I try, was, went, picked, poured, shivered, looked,
ripped, continued, shut, could, have, staggered, fell, would have put
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Ключи к упражнениям
74.4 1. saying 2. of being pushed around 3. for cleaning 4. redecorating 5. singing, to sing 6. passing 7. of being misunderstood 8. talking 9. to be hurt
10. be made 11. used 12. to be distributed 13. of being punished 14. swimming 15. to do 16. be done, be done 17. be cured, be endured
74.6 1. Singing can do you a lot of good. Singing can take away your stress,
it can make you feel happy, boost your energy. 2. I don’t feel like going
out somewhere today. 3. I thanked my friends for giving (having given)
me such good advice. 4. He left without saying goodbye to anyone. 5. Students are usually looking forward to their summer holidays. 6. Her manner of dressing irritates many people. 7. He enjoys walking with his dog
in the park in the evenings. 8. Do you mind (my) opening the window?
9. She left him without explaining anything. 10. We counted on arriving
in Paris before night. 11. The convict was given the last word. 12. The
clouds flying in the sky promised rain. 13. He used any chance to succeed in life. 14. What is the simplest and the quickest way of learning a
foreign language? 15. The medicine prescribed by the doctor helped me
to recover very quickly. 16. A faded rose is the symbol of a long forgotten love. 17. We couldn’t help admiring the car constructed according to
the latest model. 18. He isn’t used to using used cars. 19. It goes without
saying that I won’t give up the idea of investigating this intricate matter!
20. The child was crying over the broken toy. 21. Stop looking for (the)
lost love! 22. Let’s consider the question closed. 23. Yesterday I had the
film developed, let’s look at the photos. 24. We appreciate all the efforts
made by you.
74.7 was resting, was walking, enjoying, heard, start, playing, went, found,
stopped, to listen, coming, sounded, had never heard, could, see, sitting,
was getting, could not see, not wanting, entered, knocking, saw, standing,
listening
come, playing, coming, being invited, could, help, doing, was charmed,
was, said, smiling, have heard, have been looking forward, meeting, was
amazed, had never expected, ‘ll be, play, rising, had been sitting, sat,
began, playing, went on playing, got, appeared, stopped, playing, to blow
off, was shining, began, composing, coming, was born, was created
UNIT 75
75.1 1. in 2. in 3. in 4. into 5. in 6. in 7. in, in 8. in 9. in 10. in 11. in, out 12. into
13. in 14. out of 15. in 16. in 17. in 18. into 19. into 20. out of 21. in, out
22. in 23. out, in 24. inside, outside 25. in 26. inside 27. in 28. in 29. in, in
30. in 31. in front of, behind 32. in front of (opposite) 33. in front of 34. behind 35. behind
75.2 1. in 2. out 3. in 4. in 5. in 6. in. out 7. behind, in 8. in 9. into 10. in 11. in
12. in 13. in 14. in 15. into 16. in 17. in 18. in 19. into 20. in 21. In 22. in
470
Ключи к упражнениям
23. in 24. out of 25. outside, in (inside) 26. in 27. In 28. in 29. in, into 30. in
31. behind 32. behind 33. in front of 34. behind 35. behind
75.3 1. What do you see in this picture? 2. There isn’t a single cloud in the
sky. 3. The horses are grazing in the field. 4. My family lives in Lesnaya
street. 5. In this picture we see children running from a storm. 6. I’ve
been in this business for twenty years already. 7. The letter was written
in French. 8. In front of us was Mr. Gardner’s house. 9. We felt that there
was something strange behind her words. 10. Do you believe in ghosts?
11. President Bush made many mistakes in his speeches. 12. We found
him in a very bad mood. 13. The new information can be typed in. 14. –
Are bright colours still in fashion? – They are always in fashion. 15. The
conspirators had to sit inside the house, they couldn’t go out. 16. I am
relaxing today. I’m sitting in front of the television-set with a cup of tea
in one hand and the remote control in the other. 17. We all believe in a
better world. 18. I’m in a difficult situation, but I’m sure that I’ll get out
of it. 19. The bushes in the garden were in blossom. 20. Let’s divide the
banana in half. 21. To my mind, it’s a good idea. 22. You should keep your
notes in front of you. 23. What are you hiding behind your back? 24. But
how could I speak about it in front of all these people? 25. He took the
money out of his pocket and put it in the safe.
75.4 1. into 2. into 3. in 4. in 5. in, out of 6. in 7. into 8. in 9. in 10. in 11. in front
of 12. into 13. in 14. behind 15. in 16. in front of, out 17. out of, on, in
18. in 19. of 20. of 21. on, on 22. into, of
UNIT 76
76.1 1. over 2. under 3. over 4. on (under) 5. above (over) 6. above (over) 7. under 8. over 9. above 10. below 11. below 12. above 13. above 14. below
15. over (above) 16. over 17. under 18. over (above) 19. over 20. under
21. over 22. under 23. under 24. under 25. under
76.2 1. on 2. down 3. off 4. on 5. off 6. on 7. across 8. down 9. on 10. off 11. over
12. down 13. on, on 14. around 15. on 16. off 17. off 18. on 19. around
20. on 21. off 22. up, down 23. around 24. on 25. across 26. up 27. on 28. on
29. up, down 30. around 31. on 32. on 33. around
76.3 1. between 2. between 3. among 4. among 5. between 6. among (between)
7. between 8. between 9. between 10. between 11. among 12. among
13. between 14. among 15. between 16. between 17. between 18. among
19. between 20. between 21. among 22. between 23. between 24. between
25. among 26. among 27. between 28. among 29. between 30. among
UNIT 77
77.1 1. before 2. before 3. after 4. after 5. before 6. After, after 7. before 8. after 9. before 10. after 11. after 12. after 13. after 14. after 15. after 16. be-
471
Ключи к упражнениям
fore 17. after 18. before 19. before 20. after 21. before, after 22. before
23. before, after 24. before, after
77.2 1. for 2. ago, since 3. till 4. during 5. till 6. For 7. since 8. for 9. Since, for,
ago 10. during 11. ago, since, till (until) 12. for 13. since 14. before, during 15. during 16. For, for 17. ago, since 18. for 19. till 20. during, till (by)
21. since 22. for
77.3 1. on 2. at 3. in 4. on, on 5. on, in 6. on 7. in 8. on 9. on 10. for 11. on 12. at,
on 13. at 14. to, at 15. from, till 16. between 17. within 18. on, on 19. on, –
20. on, – 21. on, – 22. in 23. – 24. in 25. on
77.4 1. on 2. in 3. in 4. in 5. on 6. on 7. on 8. on (in) 9. on 10. in 11. on 12. in
13. on 14. in
UNIT 78
78.1 1. on 2. in 3. on 4. on 5. in 6. on 7. in 8. in 9. on 10. on
78.2 1. Please, don’t be late. Come on time. 2. I came home just in time to
watch a football match. 3. Our train started on time. 4. We’re meeting at
7 o’clock in the evening. Come in time. 5. We came to the airport in time
for our flight. 6. Our lecturer was late this morning, but usually he comes
on time. 7. I like to come to the University in time to chat with friends
before lectures. 8. – Does your secretary always come on time? – Yes,
she’s never late. 9. Polite people always come on time. 10. We got to the
station in time to catch the train.
78.3 1. in, at 2. at, at 3. at 4. in 5. In, at 6. in 7. at 8. at 9. at 10. in 11. at 12. at
13. In 14. at 15. in 16. in, at 17. at
78.4 1. At the end of his speech he thanked everybody for help. 2. In the end
she agreed to meet with us. 3. The plane was late, but in the end we arrived in China. 4. All international flights arrive at Sheremetyevo airport.
5. She arrived at the truth many years ago. 6. They met only after the
war. 7. Accountants have to write accounts at the end of the year. 8. We
found a little cozy café at the end of the street. 9. As soon as you arrive
in Italy, tell us. 10. We arrived at Vnukovo at night. In the end we hired
a private car. 11. After a leave he arrived at his military unit. 12. In the
end we arrived at a sensible decision. 13. At the end of the novels by
Dostoevsky I just can’t help crying. 14. He arrived at his native village
with three bodyguards. 15. This international delegation has just arrived
at a VIP hall. 16. In the end he got his money at the end of the month.
78.5 1. at 2. – 3. to, – 4. – 5. on 6. on 7. –, at 8. to 9. to, at 10. of 11. about, at
12. of 13. to, on 14. –
UNIT 79
79.1 1. to 2. to 3. on 4. from 5. on 6. of 7. with 8. for 9. of, in 10. on 11. on, for
12. of, to 13. In, at, with, for 14. in, for 15. at 16. at 17. for 18. in, from
19. from 20. of, for 21. to, by 22. for, on 23. from, by 24. from, in, at
25. about, to 26. at, on
472
Ключи к упражнениям
79.2 1. in, at 2. at, in, with 3. from, at, of 4. on 5. in, into 6. off, on 7. for 8. for,
in, to 9. for, of 10. for, to 11. to, on, on 12. by, on 13. in 14. at 15. in 16. in,
on 17. by 18. on 19. on 20. by 21. on 22. in, on 23. on 24. by 25. at, on
79.3 in a cottage, in the country, with a lot of flowers, in front of, behind, in
the cottage, in the sitting-room, on the floor, from town, for a long time,
since Christmas, at supper, with me, for a week
79.4
79.5
79.6
79.7
79.8
79.9
in the morning, to town, by car, of the town mouse, into the house, by
going, through the door, since early morning, to the dining-room, walked
in, to the table, from the vase, out of the room, to death, on the sofa, in
the corner of the room, on the table, into the hole on the floor, get in, in
a voice, to the country
1. for, in 2. with, at 3. with 4. to, on, in 5. for 6. of 7. with 8. in 9. for
10. with 11. in 12. for, since 13. on 14. on, at 15. over 16. on 17. on 18. over
19. in 20. for 21. at 22. in (on) 23. for, to 24. for, for 25. for
1. in, on 2. from, to, at 3. in 4. over, into 5. into 6. from, over 7. between 8. on 9. in, for, since 10. on, on 11. on 12. in 13. between 14. among
15. about 16. under 17. on 18. on 19. between 20. about (over) 21. under
22. on 23. on, of, down 24. On, – , for 25. on 26. with, on, for
1. for, 2. for, for 3. to, to 4. for, on 5. for 6. for 7. in, to 8. at 9. for 10. for
11. to 12. for 13. to 14. For 15. to, about 16. from, to 17. to, for 18. at, by
19. in, of 20. for 21. from 22. from 23. for 24. by, with 25. by, with 26. by,
with 27. to 28. by 29. with 30. for
1. of 2. with 3. to, for 4. to 5. at, on, by 6. for 7. in, of 8. with 9. in 10. for
11. of, before 12. with 13. from, in 14. in 15. on 16. by 17. on, under 18. of,
of 19. with, with, with 20. on, on 21. without 22. at, to, for 23. on 24. in
25. for, on, to, – 26. out of 27. under, at 28. from, of
1. on 2. of 3. for, along, of 4. in 5. by 6. to, on 7. by 8. on, of 9. by, in, of
10. at 11. in 12. at 13. for, into 14. by, from, to 15. at (with) 16. at 17. in, by,
of 18. since, of, till 19. among 20. against, in 21. beyond 22. of 23. about,
from, to 24. to 25. but for 26. for 27. On 28. in, to 29. for 30. at
1. Look at the sky! There are many clouds in the sky. 2. Listen to me! I
offer to meet on Pushkinskaya street after work. 3. Read this fax to me.
4. Explain this rule to me. 5. Don’t refer to this author. 6. What do you
think about our new boss? 7. What are you thinking about? 8. Don’t be
angry with her. 9. He got angry at her words. 10. He never comes to work
on time. 11. We hurried and came to the lecture on time. 12. – Are you
interested in politics? – No, I’m fond of art. 13. I’d like to introduce my
friend to you. 14. She insisted on helping us. 15. He has a great love for
music. 16. I’m looking for some book about animals. 17. Do you agree with
me? 18. He apologized for his behavior. 19. We’d like to congratulate you
on your success. 20. Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen. 21. You can
never be sure of such things. 22. I read these books during my holidays.
23. We are tired of waiting. 24. He provides information to the police.
473
Ключи к упражнениям
25. Our plans depend on these people. 26. What happened between them?
27. Oxford is famous for its university. 28. Tomorrow we have a lecture
on economics. 29. – What are these windows made of? – They are made
of plastic. 30. What present would you like to get on Christmas? 31. I’m
here on business. 32. He’s been in this business for many years already.
UNIT 80
80.1 I. a house, the country, the town, a journey, a lady, a person, the day, the
owner, the housekeeper, a Mr. Rochester, a girl, -France, a word, -English, a child, a time, the discipline, -lessons
the opportunity, a few, a man, a master, a little, the housekeeper, the
house, the floor, a corridor, -doors, -secrets, a laugh, a minute, the laugh
II. the morning, a journey, a few, the reason, questions, the crosswords,
the moor, a year, -money, -luggage, the coach, the day, the place
The house, the middle, the wood, the door, a figure, the path, the sky,
a while, the rain, the house, the door
80.2 I. at home, in the garden, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at sunrise, in health, in general, to bed, at ten o’clock, in the way,
at least, in blossom, in the country, in the sunshine, in early morning,
on the leaves, at power, with melodies, at noon, for places, from it, in
the house, in the evening, of the sun, with light, with a sense of peace
II. by myself, in my house, of the failure, of the bank, by good luck,
of my money, by a friend, about (of), by the directors, of the bank, in
full, by (at) the end, of the year, by train, with the intention, of seeing,
by the laws, of bankruptcy, to the creditors, until the question, in the
courts, with a number of people, in the situation, in the end, to the conclusion, at the end of the year, with a light heart, for the better
80.3 likes, puts, instructs, lands, makes, has, tries, sees
is, doesn’t like, loves, doesn’t like, doesn’t have, doesn’t like, is, does,
does, buys, show off, feels
is not thinking, spends (is spending), arrives, is, is, is blowing, is waiting,
is, doesn’t care, loves, wants, sees, forgets, forgives, kisses, opens, starts,
loves, feels (is feeling)
80.4 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. c 11. c 12. b 13. b 14. a 15. c
80.5
1. The news is much better today. 2. What beautiful weather (it is today)!
3. We need some information. 4. The furniture is very old. 5. I’m looking for (a pair of) new jeans. 6. Your hair is getting very long. 7. Do you
have scissors? 8. We had a lot of homework last week. 9. Do you think
she’s making progress in her English? 10. These trousers are too small.
11. She gave me good advice. 12. Emily’s clothes are so beautiful! 13. We
had interesting work. 14. My money is in the drawer. 15. We need new
474
Ключи к упражнениям
furniture. 16. Traffic has been bad throughout the day. 17. Where are my
headphones? 18. Mt watch is fast.
80.6 have devoted, has become, are!, are, do they flatter, have become, have
long regarded, have longed, disappoint, become, can, are, are, lose, can,
is, become, sink, can, delighted, do I regret, spent (have spent), might
have stored
80.7
LEWIS CARROLL – PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS
Many years ago, on a fine summer day a shy man with three little children went boating along the Thames. His name was Dodgson. He was
often called “Professor Dodgson” as on weekdays he taught mathematics
at Oxford University, and on Sundays he preached sermons in church.
“Dodgson” was his real name, but not the name under which we know
him.
Dodgson was so timid, that he stuttered while speaking to grown-ups.
But he enjoyed telling children amusing stories. It was on that particular
day, while boating along the Thames, that he told his little companions
an unbelievable story. He told them about a small girl, who, having gone
to bed, disappeared in a rabbit’s hole, and after waking up, found herself
in Wonderland. So unusual was that story, that the children listened to it
with wide open eyes. And at the end of their trip they asked the professor to write it down for them. So he did, after working over the manuscript the whole night. And as one of the little girls was called Alice, he
chose “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland for the title of his story.
After that Dodgson put away the manuscript into the drawer of his table
and completely forgot about it. Never could he suppose that somebody
would get interested in it. A few years later a friend of his chanced to
see the manuscript. Having brushed the dust off it, he started reading it.
Hardly had he read a few pages when he understood that it was a masterpiece which was to be published. “I wish all the children could read
about Alice’s adventures in Wonderland. I wish you were not so shy and
stubborn. In you place I would have done it long ago and now the children could be enjoying this book. So would the grown-ups.”
Still, in vain were all his efforts. The professor wouldn’t hear that he, a
professor of mathematics of Oxford University, would write a silly tale
for children! No! Not for anything would he do it! It was beneath his
dignity. That’s why “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” was finally published under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. It was a tremendous success.
The number of its editions is hard to define. Over many decades “Alice’s
Adventures in Wonderland” has been one of the most loved children’s
books all over the world.
Ïðèëîæåíèå 1
Infinitive
Past
simple
Past
participle
Present
participle
Translation
agree
agreed
agreed
agreeing
соглашаться
bury
buried
buried
burying
хоронить
carry
carried
carried
carrying
нести
die
died
died
dying
умирать
dry
dried
dried
drying
сушить
enjoy
enjoyed
enjoyed
enjoying
наслаждаться
flow
flowed
flowed
flowing
течь
found
founded
founded
founding
основать
hang
hanged
hanged
hanging
казнить через
повешение
happen
happened
happened
happening
случаться
hurry
hurried
hurried
hurrying
спешить
knit
knitted
knitted
knitting
вязать
marry
married
married
marrying
жениться
nod
nodded
nodded
nodding
кивать
occur
occurred
occurred
occurring
происходить,
случаться
offer
offered
offered
offering
предлагать
omit
omitted
omitted
omitting
пропустить
(слово)
476
Приложение 1
Окончание табл.
Past
simple
Infinitive
Past
participle
Present
participle
Translation
permit
permitted
permitted
permitting
позволять
plan
planned
planned
planning
планировать
prefer
preferred
preferred
preferring
предпочитать
queue
queued
queued
queuing
стоять в очереди
refer
referred
referred
referring
ссылаться
regret
regretted
regretted
regretting
сожалеть
remember
remembered
remembered
remembering
помнить
rob
robbed
robbed
robbing
грабить
scan
scanned
scanned
scanning
сканировать
ski
skied, skid
skied, skid
skiing
кататься на
лыжах
stay
stayed
stayed
staying
оставаться
study
studied
studied
studying
учиться
swap
swapped
swapped
swapping
обменяться
чем-либо
tie
tied
tied
tying
завязывать
travel
travelled
travelled
travelling
путешествовать
worry
worried
worried
worrying
беспокоиться
wrap
wrapped
wrapped
wrapping
заворачивать
Ïðèëîæåíèå 2
Infinitive
Past
Simple
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
abide
abode,
abided
abode, abided
abiding
выносить
arise
arose
arisen
arising
возникать
awake
awoke,
awaked
awoke,
awaked
awaking
будить
be
was/were
been
being
быть,
существовать
bear
bore
born
bearing
носить, выносить
beat
beat
beaten, beat
beating
бить
become
became
become
becoming
становиться
befall
befell
befallen
befalling
случаться
beget
begot
begotten
begetting
порождать
begin
began
begun
beginning
начинать
behold
beheld
beheld
beholding
смотреть,
созерцать
bend
bent,
bended
bent, bended
bending
гнуть, сгибать
bereave
bereft,
bereaved
bereft,
bereaved
bereaving
лишать
beseech
besought
besought
beseeching
умолять, просить
beset
beset
beset
besetting
осаждать;
окружать
bet
bet, betted
bet, betted
betting
держать пари
478
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Past
Simple
Infinitive
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
betake
betook
betaken
betaking
заставлять;
прибегать
bethink
bethought
bethought
bethinking
размышлять;
поразмыслить
bid
bade, bid
bidden, bid
bidding
предлагать цену
(на аукционе)
bind
bound
bound
binding
связывать
bite
bit
bitten, bit
biting
кусаться
bleed
bled
bled
bleeding
кровоточить
blend
blended,
blent
blended, blent
blending
смешивать
bless
blessed,
blest
blessed, blest
blessing
благословлять
blow
blew
blown
blowing
дуть
break
broke
broken
breaking
ломать
breed
bred
bred
breeding
размножаться,
плодиться
bring
brought
brought
bringing
приносить
broadcast
broadcast,
broadcasted
broadcast,
broadcasted
broadcasting
транслировать
build
built
built
building
строить
burn
burnt,
burned
burnt, burned
burning
жечь; гореть
burst
burst
burst
bursting
взрываться
buy
bought
bought
buying
покупать
cast
cast
cast
casting
бросать;
разбрасывать
catch
caught
caught
catching
поймать
chide
chid
chidden, chid
chiding
бранить, упрекать
choose
chose
chosen
choosing
выбирать
479
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Past
Simple
Infinitive
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
cleave
cleaved,
clove
cleaved,
cloven, cleft
cleaving
раскалывать(ся),
расщеплять
cling
clung
clung
clinging
цепляться
clothe
clothed, clad
clothed, clad
clothing
одевать
come
came
come
coming
приходить,
приезжать
cost
cost
cost
costing
стоить
creep
crept
crept
creeping
ползать
crow
crowed,
crew
crowed
crowing
издавать
радостные звуки
cut
cut
cut
cutting
резать
deal
dealt
dealt
dealing
иметь дело
dig
dug
dug
digging
копать, рыть
do
did
done
doing
делать
draw
drew
drawn
drawing
рисовать; тащить
dream
dreamt,
dreamed
dreamed
dreaming
мечтать; видеть
во сне
drink
drank
drunk
drinking
пить
drive
drove
driven
driving
водить машину
dwell
dwelt(ed)
dwelt(ed)
dwelling
проживать
eat
ate
eaten
eating
есть
fall
fell
fallen
falling
падать
feed
fed
fed
feeding
кормить(ся)
feel
felt
felt
feeling
чувствовать
fight
fought
fought
fighting
бороться, драться
find
found
found
finding
находить
fit
fit
fit
fitting
приспосабливать
flee
fled
fled
fleeing
бежать, спасаться
бегством
480
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Infinitive
Past
Simple
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
fling
flung
flung
flinging
швырять, кидаться
fly
flew
flown
flying
летать
forbear
forbore
forborne
forbearing
воздерживаться
forbid
forbade
forbidden
forbidding
запрещать
forecast
forecast,
forecasted
forecast,
forecasted
forecasting
предсказывать
(погоду...)
foreknow
foreknew
foreknown
foreknowing
знать заранее,
предвидеть
foresee
foresaw
foreseen
foreseeing
знать заранее,
предвидеть
foretell
foretold
foretold
foretelling
предсказывать,
предвещать
forget
forgot
forgotten
forgetting
забывать
forgive
forgave
forgiven
forgiving
прощать
forsake
forsook
forsaken
forsaking
оставлять,
покидать
forswear
forswore
forsworn
forswearing
отказываться,
отрекаться
freeze
froze
frozen
freezing
замерзать;
замораживать
gainsay
gainsaid
gainsaid
gainsaying
противоречить;
возражать
get
got
got,
gotten (am)
getting
получать,
доставать
gild
gilded, gilt
gilded, gilt
gilding
золотить,
покрывать
позолотой
give
gave
given
giving
давать
go
went
gone
going
идти, ходить
grind
ground
ground
grinding
молоть,
размалывать
481
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Past
Simple
Infinitive
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
grow
grew
grown
growing
расти, становиться
hamstring
hamstrung,
hamstringed
hamstrung,
hamstringed
hamstringing
калечить; портить
hang
hung
hung
hanging
вешать; висеть
have
had
had
having
иметь
hear
heard
heard
hearing
слышать
heave
heaved,
hove
heaved, hove
heaving
поднимать(ся)
hew
hewed
hewn, hewed
hewing
рубить; разрубать
hide
hid
hidden, hid
hiding
прятать
hit
hit
hit
hitting
ударять
hold
held
held
holding
держать;
содержать
hurt
hurt
hurt
hurting
обидеть,
причинять боль
inlay
inlaid
inlaid
inlaying
делать мозаичную
работу
keep
kept
kept
keeping
держать, хранить
kneel
knelt,
kneeled
knelt, kneeled
kneeling
стоять на коленях
knit
knitted, knit
knitted, knit
knitting
вязать
know
knew
known
knowing
знать
lade
laded
laden, laded
lading
грузить
lay
laid
laid
laying
класть, положить
lead
led
led
leading
вести, руководить
lean
leant, leaned
leant, leaned
leaning
наклоняться;
опираться
leap
leapt, leaped
leapt, leaped
leaping
прыгать,
подскакивать
482
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Past
Simple
Infinitive
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
learn
learnt,
learned
learnt, learned
learning
изучать, учить
leave
left
left
leaving
покидать;
оставлять
lend
lent
lent
lending
давать взаймы
let
let
let
letting
позволять,
разрешать
he
lay
lain
lying
лежать
lie
lied
lied
lying
лгать
light
lit
lit
lighting
зажигать; светить
lose
lost
lost
losing
терять
make
made
made
making
делать,
изготавливать
mean
meant
meant
meaning
иметь в виду
meet
met
met
meeting
встречать
miscast
miscast
miscast
miscasting
неправильно
распределять
роли
misdeal
misdealt
misdealt
misdealing
поступать
неправильно
misgive
misgave
misgiven
misgiving
внушать опасение,
недоверие
mislay
mislaid
mislaid
mislaying
положить не на
место
mislead
misled
misled
misleading
вводить в
заблуждение
misspell
misspell
misspell
misspelling
делать
орфографические
ошибки
misspend
misspent
misspent
misspending
неразумно, зря
тратить
483
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Infinitive
Past
Simple
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
mistake
mistook
mistaken
mistaking
ошибаться
misunderstand
misunderstood
misunderstood
misunderstanding
неправильно
понять
mow
mowed
mown
mowing
косить, жать
outbid
outbid
outbid
outbidding
превзойти,
перещеголять
outdo
outdid
outdone
outdoing
превзойти,
преодолеть
outgrow
outgrew
outgrown
outgrowing
перерастать
outride
outrode
outridden
outriding
перегнать
outrun
outran
outrun
outrunning
опередить,
обогнать
outshine
outshone
outshone
outshining
затмить
overbear
overbore
overborne
overbearing
пересиливать,
одолевать
overcome
overcame
overcome
overcoming
превозмочь,
преодолеть
overdo
overdid
overdone
overdoing
преодолеть,
побороть
overhang
overhung
overhung
overhanging
выдаваться;
свешиваться
overhear
overheard
overheard
overhearing
подслушивать
overlay
overlaid
overlaid
overlaying
перекрывать;
покрывать
overleap
overleap,
overleap,
overleaping
перепрыгивать,
overleaped
overleaped
override
overrode
overridden
overriding
отвергать;
переезжать
overrun
overran
overrun
overrunning
наводнять;
расползаться
484
перескакивать
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Infinitive
Past
Simple
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
oversee
oversaw
overseen
overseeing
надзирать,
наблюдать
overshoot
overshot
overshot
overshooting
промахнуться
oversleep
overslept
overslept
oversleeping
проспать
overtake
overtook
overtaken
overtaking
догонять,
наверстывать
overthrow
overthrew
overthrown
overthrowing
опрокидывать(ся),
свергать
partake
partook
partaken
partaking
принимать участие
pay
paid
paid
paying
платить
put
put
put
putting
класть, положить
quit
quitted, quit
quitted, quit
quitting
сдаваться,
увольняться
read [rJd]
read [red]
read [red]
reading
читать
rebind
rebound
rebound
rebinding
снабжать новым
переплетом
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
rebuilding
снова построить,
восстанавливать
recast
recast
recast
recasting
переделывать,
перерабатывать
redo
redid
redone
redoing
делать вновь или
заново
relay
relaid
relaid
relaying
снова класть,
перекладывать
remake
remade
remade
remaking
переделывать
rend
rent
rent
rending
отдирать,
отрывать
repay
repaid
repaid
repaying
возвращать долг;
возмещать ущерб
rerun
reran
rerun
rerunning
повторно
показывать
485
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Past
Simple
Infinitive
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
reset
reset
reset
resetting
набирать заново
retell
retold
retold
retelling
пересказывать
rewrite
rewrote
rewritten
rewriting
переписывать
rid
rid, ridded
rid, ridded
ridding
освобождать,
избавлять
ride
rode
ridden
riding
кататься, ездить
верхом
ring
rang
rung
ringing
звонить
rise
rose
risen
rising
вставать,
подниматься
rive
rived
riven, rived
riving
разрывать(ся),
раскалывать(ся)
run
ran
run
running
бегать
saw
sawed
sawn, sawed
sawing
пилить
say
said
said
saying
сказать
see
saw
seen
seeing
видеть
seek
sought
sought
seeking
искать
sell
sold
sold
selling
продавать
send
sent
sent
sending
посылать
set
set
set
setting
ставить,
sew
sewed
sewn, sewed
sewing
помещать шить,
зашивать
shake
shook
shaken
shaking
трясти, качать
shave
shaved
shaved,
shaven
shaving
брить, сбривать
shear
sheared,
shore
shorn, sheared
shearing
стричь; срезать
shed shine
shed shone
shed shone
shedding
shining
проливать, лить
светить, блестеть
486
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Past
Simple
Infinitive
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
shoe
shod
shod
shoeing
обувать,
подковывать
shoot
shot
shot
shooting
стрелять
show
showed
shown,
showed
showing
показывать
shrink
shrank
shrunk,
shrunken
shrinking
сжиматься, давать
усадку
shrive
shrove
shriven
shriving
исповедовать,
отпускать грехи
shut
shut
shut
shutting
затворить,
закрывать
sing
sang
sung
singing
петь
sink
sank
sunk, sunken
sinking
тонуть,
погружаться
sit
sat
sat
sitting
сидеть
slay
slew
slain
slaying
убивать,
умерщвлять
sleep
slept
slept
sleeping
спать
slide
slid
slid, slidden
sliding
скользить
sling
slung
slung
slinging
бросать, швырять
slink
slunk
slunk
slinking
красться;
ускользать
slit
slit
slit
slitting
разрезать вдоль;
рваться
smell
smelt,
smelled
smelt, smelled
smelling
пахнуть
smite
smote
smitten
smiting
ударять, бить
sow
sowed
sown, sowed
sowing
сеять
speak
spoke
spoken
speaking
говорить
speed
sped
sped
speeding
превышать
скорость
487
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Infinitive
Past
Simple
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
spell
spelt, spelled
spelt, spelled
spelling
произносить по
буквам
spend
spent
spent
spending
тратить; проводить
время
spill
spilt, spilled
spilt, spilled
spilling
проливать(ся);
рассыпаться
spin
spun, span
spun
spinning
прясть, крутить,
вращать
spit
spat, spit
spat, spit
spitting
плевать(ся)
split
split
split
splitting
раскалывать,
делить на части
spoil
spoilt,
spoiled
spoilt, spoiled
spoiling
портить; баловать
spread
spread
spread
spreading
распространять
spring
sprang
sprung
springing
прыгать; давать течь
stand
stood
stood
standing
стоять
stave
staved, stove
staved, stove
staving
пробить, разбить
steal
stole
stolen
stealing
красть, воровать
stick
stuck
stuck
sticking
наклеивать,
застревать
sting
stung
stung
stinging
жалить; жечь
stink
stank
stunk
stinking
вонять, смердеть
strew
strewed
strewn,
strewed
strewing
разбрасывать;
разбрызгивать
stride
strode,
strided
stridden
striding
шагать большими
шагами
strike
struck
struck,
stricken
striking
ударять; поражать;
бастовать
string
strung
strung
stringing
снабжать струной,
тетивой
strive
strove
striven
striving
стремиться
488
Приложение 2
Продолжение табл.
Infinitive
Past
Simple
Past
Participle
Present
participle
Translation
sunburn
sunburnt,
sunburned
sunburnt,
sunburned
sunburning
загорать;
обжигаться на
солнце
swear
swore
sworn
swearing
клясться
sweep
swept
swept
sweeping
подметать
swell
swelled
swollen,
swelled
swelling
опухать,
увеличиваться
swim
swam
swum
swimming
плавать
swing
swung
swung
swinging
качаться,
колебаться
take
took
taken
taking
брать
teach
taught
taught
teaching
учить,
преподавать
tear
tore
torn
tearing
рвать, разрывать
tell
told
told
telling
рассказывать
think
thought
thought
thinking
думать
thrive
throve,
thrived
thriven,
thrived
thriving
процветать,
преуспевать
throw
threw
thrown
throwing
бросать
thrust
thrust
thrust
thrusting
толкать(ся), тыкать
tread
trod
trodden
treading
ступать, шагать
unbend
unbent
unbent
unbending
выпрямлять(ся),
разгибать(ся)
unbind
unbound
unbound
unbinding
развязывать;
ослаблять
underbid
underbid
underbid,
underbidding
underbidding
сбить цену
undergo
underwent
undergone
undergoing
испытывать,
переносить
understand
understood
understood
understanding
понимать
489
Приложение 2
Окончание табл.
Past
Simple
Past
Participle
Present
participle
undertake
undertook
undertaken
undertaking
предпринимать;
брать на себя
undo
undid
undone
undoing
развязывать,
расстегивать
unwind
unwound
unwound
unwinding
разматываться),
раскручиваться)
upset
upset
upset
upsetting
опрокидывать;
расстраивать
wake
woke
woken
waking
просыпаться;
будить
waylay
waylaid
waylaid
waylaying
подстерегать,
устраивать засаду
wear
wore
worn
wearing
носить
weave
wove
woven
weaving
ткать; плести,
сплетать
wed
wedded,
wed
wedded, wed
wedding
жениться, выйти
замуж
weep
wept
wept
weeping
плакать
wet
wet, wetted
wet, wetted
wetting
намочить
win
won
won
winning
выиграть,
победить
wind
wound
wound
winding
виться; мотать,
заводить
withdraw
withdrew
withdrawn
withdrawing
одергивать;
забирать
withhold
withheld
withheld
withholding
отказывать,
воздерживаться
withstand
withstood
withstood
withstanding
выстоять,
выдержать
wring
wrung
wrung
wringing
скручивать;
выжимать
write
wrote
written
writing
писать
Infinitive
Translation
Âñå ïðàâà çàùèùåíû. Êíèãà èëè ëþáàÿ åå ÷àñòü íå ìîæåò áûòü ñêîïèðîâàíà, âîñïðîèçâåäåíà
â ýëåêòðîííîé èëè ìåõàíè÷åñêîé ôîðìå, â âèäå ôîòîêîïèè, çàïèñè â ïàìÿòü ÝÂÌ, ðåïðîäóêöèè
èëè êàêèì-ëèáî èíûì ñïîñîáîì, à òàêæå èñïîëüçîâàíà â ëþáîé èíôîðìàöèîííîé ñèñòåìå áåç
ïîëó÷åíèÿ ðàçðåøåíèÿ îò èçäàòåëÿ. Êîïèðîâàíèå, âîñïðîèçâåäåíèå è èíîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå êíèãè èëè åå ÷àñòè áåç ñîãëàñèÿ èçäàòåëÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåçàêîííûì è âëå÷åò óãîëîâíóþ, àäìèíèñòðàòèâíóþ è ãðàæäàíñêóþ îòâåòñòâåííîñòü.
Учебное издание
АНГЛИЙСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА: ПРОСТО И ПОНЯТНО
Ионина Анна Альбертовна
Саакян Аида Суреновна
АНГЛИЙСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА XXI ВЕКА
Универсальный эффективный курс
Ответственный редактор Е. Вьюницкая
Выпускающий редактор Д. Черепанова
Художественный редактор Н. Кривошта
Технический редактор Л. Зотова
Компьютерная верстка Л. Кузьминова
ООО «Издательство «Эксмо»
123308, Москва, ул. Зорге, д. 1. Тел.: 8 (495) 411-68-86.
Home page: www.eksmo.ru E-mail: info@eksmo.ru
ндіруші: «ЭКСМО» АБ Баспасы, 123308, Мскеу, Ресей, Зорге к!шесі, 1 "й.
Тел.: 8 (495) 411-68-86.
Home page: www.eksmo.ru E-mail: info@eksmo.ru.
Тауар белгісі: «Эксмо»
Интернет-магазин : www.book24.ru
Интернет-дкен : www.book24.kz
Импортёр в Республику Казахстан ТОО «РДЦ-Алматы».
аза<стан Республикасында=ы импорттаушы «РДЦ-Алматы» ЖШС.
Дистрибьютор и представитель по приему претензий на продукцию,
в Республике Казахстан: ТОО «РДЦ-Алматы»
аза<стан Республикасында дистрибьютор жне !нім бойынша арыз-талаптарды
<абылдаушыныF !кілі «РДЦ-Алматы» ЖШС,
Алматы <., Домбровский к!ш., 3«а», литер Б, офис 1.
Тел.: 8 (727) 251-59-90/91/92; E-mail: RDC-Almaty@eksmo.kz
німніF жарамдылы< мерзімі шектелмеген.
Сертификация туралы а<парат сайтта: www.eksmo.ru/certification
Сведения о подтверждении соответствия издания согласно законодательству РФ
о техническом регулировании можно получить на сайте Издательства «Эксмо»
www.eksmo.ru/certification
ндірген мемлекет: Ресей. Сертификация <арастырылма=ан
Подписано в печать 27.12.2018. Формат 70x100 1/16.
Гарнитура «JournalCTT». Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л. 40,19.
Тираж
экз. Заказ
Оптовая торговля книгами «Эксмо»:
ООО «ТД «Эксмо». 123308, г. Москва, ул.Зорге, д.1, многоканальный тел.: 411-50-74.
E-mail: reception@eksmo-sale.ru
По вопросам приобретения книг «Эксмо» зарубежными оптовыми
покупателями обращаться в отдел зарубежных продаж ТД «Эксмо»
E-mail: international@eksmo-sale.ru
International Sales: International wholesale customers should contact
Foreign Sales Department of Trading House «Eksmo» for their orders.
international@eksmo-sale.ru
По вопросам заказа книг корпоративным клиентам, в том числе в специальном
оформлении, обращаться по тел.: +7 (495) 411-68-59, доб. 2261.
E-mail: ivanova.ey@eksmo.ru
Оптовая торговля бумажно-беловыми
и канцелярскими товарами для школы и офиса «Канц-Эксмо»:
Компания «Канц-Эксмо»: 142702, Московская обл., Ленинский р-н, г. Видное-2,
Белокаменное ш., д. 1, а/я 5. Тел.:/факс +7 (495) 745-28-87 (многоканальный).
e-mail: kanc@eksmo-sale.ru, сайт: www.kanc-eksmo.ru
В Санкт-Петербурге: в магазине «Парк Культуры и Чтения БУКВОЕД», Невский пр-т, д. 46.
Тел.: +7(812)601-0-601, www.bookvoed.ru
Полный ассортимент книг издательства «Эксмо» для оптовых покупателей:
Москва. ООО «Торговый Дом «Эксмо». Адрес: 123308, г. Москва, ул.Зорге, д.1.
Телефон: +7 (495) 411-50-74. E-mail: reception@eksmo-sale.ru
Нижний Новгород. Филиал «Торгового Дома «Эксмо» в Нижнем Новгороде. Адрес: 603094,
г. Нижний Новгород, ул. Карпинского, д. 29, бизнес-парк «Грин Плаза».
Телефон: +7 (831) 216-15-91 (92, 93, 94). E-mail: reception@eksmonn.ru
Санкт-Петербург. ООО «СЗКО». Адрес: 192029, г. Санкт-Петербург, пр. Обуховской Обороны,
д. 84, лит. «Е». Телефон: +7 (812) 365-46-03 / 04. E-mail: server@szko.ru
Екатеринбург. Филиал ООО «Издательство Эксмо» в г. Екатеринбурге. Адрес: 620024,
г. Екатеринбург, ул. Новинская, д. 2щ. Телефон: +7 (343) 272-72-01 (02/03/04/05/06/08).
E-mail: petrova.ea@ekat.eksmo.ru
Самара. Филиал ООО «Издательство «Эксмо» в г. Самаре.
Адрес: 443052, г. Самара, пр-т Кирова, д. 75/1, лит. «Е».
Телефон: +7(846)207-55-50. E-mail: RDC-samara@mail.ru
Ростов-на-Дону. Филиал ООО «Издательство «Эксмо» в г. Ростове-на-Дону. Адрес: 344023,
г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Страны Советов, д. 44 А. Телефон: +7(863) 303-62-10. E-mail: info@rnd.eksmo.ru
Центр оптово-розничных продаж Cash&Carry в г. Ростове-на-Дону. Адрес: 344023,
г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Страны Советов, д. 44 В. Телефон: (863) 303-62-10.
Режим работы: с 9-00 до 19-00. E-mail: rostov.mag@rnd.eksmo.ru
Новосибирск. Филиал ООО «Издательство «Эксмо» в г. Новосибирске. Адрес: 630015,
г. Новосибирск, Комбинатский пер., д. 3. Телефон: +7(383) 289-91-42. E-mail: eksmo-nsk@yandex.ru
Хабаровск. Обособленное подразделение в г. Хабаровске. Адрес: 680000, г. Хабаровск,
пер. Дзержинского, д. 24, литера Б, офис 1. Телефон: +7(4212) 910-120. E-mail: eksmo-khv@mail.ru
Тюмень. Филиал ООО «Издательство «Эксмо» в г. Тюмени.
Центр оптово-розничных продаж Cash&Carry в г. Тюмени.
Адрес: 625022, г. Тюмень, ул. Алебашевская, д. 9А (ТЦ Перестройка+).
Телефон: +7 (3452) 21-53-96/ 97/ 98. E-mail: eksmo-tumen@mail.ru
Краснодар. ООО «Издательство «Эксмо» Обособленное подразделение в г. Краснодаре
Центр оптово-розничных продаж Cash&Carry в г. Краснодаре
Адрес: 350018, г. Краснодар, ул. Сормовская, д. 7, лит. «Г». Телефон: (861) 234-43-01(02).
Республика Беларусь. ООО «ЭКСМО АСТ Си энд Си». Центр оптово-розничных продаж
Cash&Carry в г.Минске. Адрес: 220014, Республика Беларусь, г. Минск,
пр-т Жукова, д. 44, пом. 1-17, ТЦ «Outleto». Телефон: +375 17 251-40-23; +375 44 581-81-92.
Режим работы: с 10-00 до 22-00. E-mail: exmoast@yandex.by
Казахстан. РДЦ Алматы. Адрес: 050039, г. Алматы, ул. Домбровского, д. 3 «А».
Телефон: +7 (727) 251-59-90 (91,92). E-mail: RDC-Almaty@eksmo.kz
Интернет-магазин: www.book24.kz
Украина. ООО «Форс Украина». Адрес: 04073 г. Киев, ул. Вербовая, д. 17а.
Телефон: +38 (044) 290-99-44. E-mail: sales@forsukraine.com
Полный ассортимент продукции Издательства «Эксмо» можно приобрести в книжных
магазинах «Читай-город» и заказать в интернет-магазине www.chitai-gorod.ru.
Телефон единой справочной службы 8 (800) 444 8 444. Звонок по России бесплатный.
Интернет-магазин ООО «Издательство «Эксмо»
www.book24.ru
Розничная продажа книг с доставкой по всему миру.
Тел.: +7 (495) 745-89-14. E-mail: imarket@eksmo-sale.ru
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