Tuttle Compact Vietnamese Dictionary Vietnamese-English English-Vietnamese
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Tuttle Compact Vietnamese Dictionary Phan Vaên Giöôõng T UT T L E Publishing Tokyo Rutland, Vermont Singapore ABOUT TUTTLE “Books to Span the East and West” Our core mission at Tuttle Publishing is to create books which bring people together one page at a time. Tuttle was founded in 1832 in the small New England town of Rutland, Vermont (USA). Our fundamental values remain as strong today as they were then—to publish best-in-class books informing the English-speaking world about the countries and peoples of Asia. The world has become a smaller place today and Asia’s economic, cultural and political influence has expanded, yet the need for meaningful dialogue and information about this diverse region has never been greater. Since 1948, Tuttle has been a leader in publishing books on the cultures, arts, cuisines, languages and literatures of Asia. Our authors and photographers have won numerous awards and Tuttle has published thousands of books on subjects ranging from martial arts to paper crafts. We welcome you to explore the wealth of information available on Asia at www.tuttlepublishing.com. Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. www.tuttlepublishing.com © 2007, 2016 by Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher. LCC Card No. 2007924443 978-0-8048-3871-9 (Vinyl cover edition) 978-0-8048-4534-2 (Paperback edition) )3". EBOOK Distributed by: North America, Latin America & Europe Tuttle Publishing 364 Innovation Drive, North Clarendon, VT 05759-9436 USA. 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CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv How To Use This Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv A Guide to Vietnamese Pronunciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x Vietnamese–English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 English–Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 iii Introduction I am please to present the first paperback edition of Tuttle Compact Vietnamese Dictionary. The English language is the first language for approximately 400 million people residing in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. It is also the second language for approximately 600 million of people, especially from the former British colonies in Africa, Asia and the Commonwealth and its use in the business, educational, professional and communications spheres makes it an almost universal language. Many countries and international organizations use English as their official language. With the widespread use of the Internet, it has also become the most common language for Internet users. On the other hand, the Vietnamese language is now spoken by over 90 million people in Vietnam and is also the home language of about three million people living in other countries around the world. With the globalization of industries and hence the movement of people working across cross-cultural boundaries, the demand for a compact, inexpensive and upto-date Vietnamese-English/English-Vietnamese dictionary has grown dramatically in recent years. In the last fifty years, there have been so many changes in both the English and Vietnamese languages in all aspects of life. New terms have been invented to meet the development of society, especially in media and communications. This dictionary has contemporary, up-to-date and useful terms and expressions. Many practical examples are given to facilitate understanding of terms in context for users. Approximately 25,000 entries can be found in this dictionary for every aspect of daily living, thus making this dictionary an essential tool for both English-speaking users as well as Vietnamese who are learning the English language. How To Use This Dictionary This dictionary is in two parts: a Vietnamese–English section and an English– Vietnamese section. The entries in each section are arranged alphabetically, following the English order from A to Z; and according to the Vietnamese tradition for tones and sequence for the Vietnamese-English section. iv HOW TO USE THIS DICTIONARY The components of each headword are as follows: 1. Headwords are printed in bold, followed by details of the word class (given in italics). If the headword has more than one word class, the different classes are numbered: eùm v. to cover up, to hide: eùm chuyeän ñoù ñi, khoâng neân noùi vôùi ai to cover up that story, do not tell anyone land 1 n. ñaát lieàn, luïc ñòa; ñaát, ñaát ñai (ñeå troàng troït); vuøng, xöù sôû, ñòa phöông, laõnh thoå; ruoäng ñaát, ñieàn saûn: ~ breeze gioù töø ñaát lieàn thoåi ra bieån; 2 v. ñoå boä; ñöa ñeán, ñaåy vaøo; ñöôïc, baét ñöôïc; giaùng (ñoøn); (maùy bay) haï caùnh; caäp beán. 2. Square brackets are used to give more information for each entry: such as cross-references to other headwords, the past tense and past participle of the English headword, etc: keû 1 n. individual, person, man [cf. ngöôøi] 2 v. to draw [a line]: keû moät ñöôøng thaúng to draw a straight line; thöôùc keû ruler; giaáy keû roài lined paper bear 1 n. con gaáu: the great ~ choøm sao ñaïi huøng; ~ hug oâm chaët 2 v. [bore; born/borne] mang, caàm, vaùc v.v. chòu ñöïng, sinh (saûn), sinh lôïi; to ~ in mind nhôù; to ~ interest sinh laõi 3. Meanings of Vietnamese headwords are in low cases. If the headword has different expressions in Vietnamese, they are separated by a comma (,) and if they have different meanings, they are separated by a semi-colon (;): oaùn v., n. to resent, to bear a grudge against; resentment, hatred: oaùn giaän/ oaùn hôøn resentment, hatred; thuø oaùn to resent; aân oaùn ingratitude and rancor 4. Extended vocabulary items using the English headword are first given in English, followed by the Vietnamese translation. In order to avoid repetition of the headword in these extended vocabulary items the symbol ~ is used to represent the English headword: v HOW TO USE THIS DICTIONARY pace 1 n. böôùc ñi; daùng/caùch ñi; toác ñoä, nhòp ñoä: to keep ~ with theo/ saùnh kòp; to set the ~ neâu göông; to go at a walking ~ ñi töøng böôùc; to go the ~ ñi nhanh; aên chôi phoùng ñaõng; to put someone through his/her ~s thöû taøi ai, thöû söùc ai; cho ai thi thoá taøi naêng 2 v. ñi töøng böôùc, böôùc töøng böôùc: to ~ up and down the corridors ñi ñi laïi laïi doïc theo haønh lang For the Vietnamese–English section, the extended vocabulary items are separated by semi-colons: ra 1 v. [SV xuaát] to exit, to go out, to come out; to go [out] into, to come [out] into; to look, to become; to issue [order leänh], to give [signal hieäu, assignment baøi]: ra beå to go to the sea; ra saân to go [out of the house] into the yard; ra ñöôøng to go out in the street; ra daùng … to look 2 adv. out, outside, forth: khoâng ra gì, chaúng ra gì to amount to nothing; chaúng ra hoàn to be worth nothing; baøy ra to display, to show off; beùo ra to get fat; ñoû ra to become red; noùi ra to speak up; nhìn ra, nhaän ra to recognize; nhôù ra to remember, to call forth; tìm ra, kieám ra to find out; trôû ra to be out; loái ra “Exit, do not enter.”; cöûa ra vaøo door; ra voâ thong thaû admission is free.; hieän ra to appear; sinh ra, ñeû ra to be born, to give birth to; hoaù ra to become; it turns out that; thaønh ra to come out; chia ra to divide up, to divide into 5. There are a variety of terms used to address the first and second persons in Vietnamese. As shown by the following example: baø 1 n. [SV toå maãu] grandmother; female: baø ngoaïi maternal grandmother; baø noäi paternal grandmother; ñaøn baø woman, women; Hai Baø Tröng the Trung sisters 2 pron. lady/you [used by grandchild to grandmother, first person pronoun being chaùu]; I [used by grandmother to grandchild, second person pronoun being chaùu]; you [used to refer to women of a certain age, first person pronoun being toâi] toâi is used for the first person and chaùu for the second person. The reader can replace these terms with oâng, baø, anh, chò, em, tau, maøy... depending on age and relationship between the first and second persons. vi vi INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THIS DICTIONARY 6. Vietnamese words that are loanwords have their Vietnamese pronunciation connected by hyphens (-), for example: a-xít n. acid ki-loâ n. [Fr. kilogram] kilogram 7. Abbreviations used in this Dictionary are as follows: Abbreviations Full word Vietnamese equivalent adj. adv. conj. intj. n. pl. prep. pron. sing v. num. adjective adverb conjunction interjection noun plural preposition pronoun singular verb numeral tính töø phuï töø keát töø caûm töø danh töø soá nhieåu giôùi töø ñaïi töø soá ít ñoäng töø soá töø vii vii HOW TO USE THIS DICTIONARY English–Vietnamese ENGLISH–VIETNAMESE life-and-death thanh xuaân; ~ annuity tieàn trôï caáp suoát ñôøi; ~ imprisonment tuø chung thaân; ~ insurance baûo hieåm nhaân thoï; ~ line ñöôøng daây ñieän thoaïi caáp cöùu; daây cöùu ñaém; ñöôøng soá meänh; ~ sentence aùn tuø chung thaân life-and-death adj. soáng cheát, moät maát moät coøn; raát quan troïng: a ~ decision moät quyeát ñònh soáng cheát life coach n. ngöôøi ñi cöùu soáng ôû bôø bieån life expectancy n. tuoåi thoï cuûa con ngöôøi lifeguard n. ngöôøi cöùu ñaém lifelong adj. suoát ñôøi, caû ñôøi life sciences n. khoa sinh vaät hoïc life support machine n. maùy giuùp cho beänh nhaân thôû; maùy duy trì söï soáng cho beänh nhaân lifetime n. ñôøi, caû cuoäc ñôøi: in his ~ luùc coøn soáng, hoài sinh tieàn lift 1 n. söï nhaác leân; söï nhaác; thang maùy; cuoác xe ñi nhôø; söï naâng ñôõ: air ~ caàu haøng khoâng, caàu khoâng vaän 2 v. naâng/nhaác/caát/ ñôõ leân; aên troän, aên caép [vaên]; baõi boû [leänh caám]: to ~ up giô [tay] leân; ngoùc [ñaàu] daäy; caát [tieán] ligament n. daây chaèng light 1 n. aùnh saùng; ñeøn, ñuoác, neán; löûa; söï hieåu bieát: traffic ~s ñeøn xanh ñeøn ñoû, ñeøn giao thoâng; to bring to ~ ñöa ra aùnh saùng; to come to ~ loä ra 2 adj. saùng, saùng suûa; [maøu] nhaït, laït nheï; nheï nhaøng, thanh thoaùt, thö thaùi: ~ build boùng ñeøn ñieän nhe ï 3 v. [lighted/lit] nhoùm, thaép, chaâm ñoát (laøm) saùng ngôøi leân 4 adv. nheï nhaøng, goïn: to travel ~ ñi du lòch nheï goïn lighter n. caùi baät löûa, caùi hoäp queït lighting n. söï thaép saùng; caùch boá trí aùnh saùng lightning n. (tia) chôùp: ~ war chieán tranh chôùp nhoaùng; ~ rod coät thu loâi; as quick as ~ nhanh nhö chôùp light year n. khoaûng caùch khoâng gian baèng aùnh saùng ñi moät naêm likable, likeable adj. deã thöông, ñaùng yeâu like 1 n. ngöôøi/vaät gioáng, ngöôøi/vaät thuoäc loaïi nhö: to return ~ for ~ laáy ôn traû ôn, laáy oaùn traû oaùn; ~ cures ~ laáy ñoäc trò ñoäc 2 n. caùi thích, sôû thích, thò hieáu: my ~s and dislikes nhöõng ñieàu toâi thích vaø nhöõng ñieàu toâi gheùt 3 conj. gioáng, gioáng nhö, cuøng loaïi, töông töï; ñuùng, ñaëc bieät; coù veû nhö; saün saøng: to do ~ I do cöù laøm nhö toâi ñaây 4 prep. nhö: ~ that nhö theá/vaäy; ~ mad nhö ñieân 5 v. thích, öa, chuoäng, yeâu, khoaùi; muoán, thích, öôùc mong: as you ~ tuøy yù anh; if you ~ neáu baïn muoán likelihood n. söï coù theå ñuùng/thaät: in all ~ raát coù theå, coù nhieàu hy voïng/khaû naêng likely 1 adj. thích hôïp; coù theå; chaéc ñuùng 2 adv. chaéc likeness n. söï gioáng; chaân dung, aûnh likewise adv. cuõng theá/vaäy, gioáng nhö vaäy liking n. söï thích, yeâu meán: to have a ~ for something yeâu meán gì lilac n. töû ñinh höông, ñinh höông tím; maøu hoa caø lilt n. baøi ca du döông; nhòp ñieäu nhòp nhaøng lily n. hoa hueä taây, hoa loa keøn limb n. chaân, tay, chi; caønh caây to: out on a ~ chô vô, khoâng baáu víu vaøo ñaâu lime 1 n. quaû chanh (voû xanh) [lemon]: ~ juice nöôùc chanh 2 n. voâi: ~ kiln loø voâi limelight n. ñeøn saân khaáu: in the ~ ñöôïc chuù yù limestone n. ñaù voâi limit 1 n. giôùi haïn, haïn ñoä; ñòa giôùi, bieân giôùi 2 v. giôùi haïn, haïn cheá limitation n. söï haïn cheá; maët haïn cheá, thieáu soùt limousine n. xe du lòch sang troïng; xe thueâ rieâng nhieàu choå ngoài limp 1 n. taäp ñi khaäp khieång 2 v. ñi khaäp khieång; chaïy ì aïch, bay reà reà: to ~ along ñi caø nhaéc, leâ 3 adj. meàm ruõ; yeáu ôùt, eûo laõ limpid adj. trong, saùng suûa line 1 n. ñöôøng, ñöôøng keû; tuyeán; haøng, doøng, caâu; daây, daây theùp; haøng, daõy; ranh giôùi; doøng doõi; ngaønh chuyeân moân: curved ~ ñöôøng cong; broken ~ ñöôøng gaõy khuùc; dotted ~ ñöôøng chaám chaám 2 v. vaïch, keû doøng; laøm nhaên; daøn haøng, saép thaønh haøng; saép haøng ñeå ñôïi, noái ñuoâi: to ~ new streets keû ñöôøng cho nhöõng con ñöôøng môùi 3 v. nhoài nheùt: to ~ one’s purse nheùt ñaày tuùi lineage n. doøng, noøi gioáng, doøng gioáng, doøng doõi linear adj. thuoäc ñöôøng keû; neùt daøi; tuyeán linen n. vaûi lanh; ñoà vaûi lanh [sô mi, khaên baøn, khaên giöôøng] liner n. taøu chôû khaùch, maùy bay chôû khaùch linesman n. ngöôøi lính cuûa ñôn vò chieán ñaáu; troïng taøi bieân line-up n. ñoäi hình, ñoäi nguõ; söï saép xeáp 434 A typical page from the English–Vietnamese section of the dictionary (reduced version here) viii viii INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THIS DICTIONARY Vietnamese–English VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH cöù töû cung womb; Baïch Cung the White House 4 v., n. R to supply; supply [opp. caàu]: cung caáp thöïc phaåm to supply food cung caàu n. supply and demand: luaät cung caàu the laws of supply and demand cung chuùc v. to express respectful wishes: Cung chuùc Taân Xuaân Happy New Year cung döôõng v. to feed, to take care, to support [parents] cung ñieän n. palaces: cung ñieän hoaøng gia royal palace cung cung cung cung cung cung hieán v. to offer, to donate khai v. to declare, to admit, to confess kính adj. respectful nöõ n. imperial maid phi n. imperial concubine öùng v. to provide, to answer, to supply: cung öùng thöïc phaåm to supply food cuùng v. to worship, to offer sacrifices, to make offerings: cuùng leã oâng baø to make offerings and pray to ancestors; ñoà cuùng offerings cuøng 1 adj., v., conj. same; to follow; with, and: cuøng nhau with one another, together; cuøng moät luùc at the same time, simultaneously; anh em cuøng cha khaùc meï half-brothers; tam cuøng [communist] the three “togethers” (eat together, live together, work together) 2 n. the end, limit, destitute, without resources: cuøng khoå/cuøng khoán very poor; chieán ñaáu cho tôùi cuøng to fight to the end; voâ cuøng limitless, extremely [precedes or follows adjective]; kyø cuøng until the end, to the last; hang cuøng ngoõ heûm nooks and corners cuøng cöïc adj. utmost cuøng ñöôøng adj. deadlock, at the end of a road cuøng nhau adv. together cuûng coá v. to strengthen, to consolidate cuõng adv. also, too [precedes main verb]; all right [optionally follows keå]; [should not be translated in inclusive statements having indefinites ai, gì, naøo, ñaâu, bao giôø] cuoác 1 v. to dig out, to dig up: cuoác ñaát to dig soil 2 n. ride [in rickshaw, pedicab, taxi] cuoác boä v. to walk, to take a walk cuoäc 1 n. for games, parties, meetings, actions, etc. (= cuïc): coâng cuoäc job, work, undertaking; thôøi cuoäc current situation, current affairs; Quoác gia Noâng tín cuoäc National Agricultural Credit Bureau 2 v. to bet, to wager (= caù): Toâi cuoäc vôùi anh naøy I bet you; ñöôïc cuoäc to win a bet cuoái n. end; bottom [of list; last]: cuoái cuøng at last, finally; cuoái naêm nay at the end of this year; ñoaïn cuoái the end [of story, book, film]; töø ñaàu chí cuoái from beginning to end cuoäi adj. nonsensical, lying: noùi nhaêng noùi cuoäi to talk nonsense cuoãm v. to steal, to filch, to swipe cuoàn cuoän v. [of waters] to whirl cuoán 1 v., n. [SV quyeån] to roll, [of wind, water] to carry away; roll, volume 2 v., n. to roll; roll to wrap-up: cuoán chaû gioø spring roll, goûi cuoán fresh roll [using a lettuce leaf as wrapping, pork and shrimps as fillings] cuoán goùi v. to pack off and to clear out cuoän v., n. to roll up; roll [of paper giaáy], spool [of thread chæ] cuoän leâ leân v. to scroll up cuoáng 1 n. stalk, stem; stub 2 adj., v. to be panic-stricken, to be nervous; to lose one’s head; to be at a loss cuoáng cuoàng adj. utterly agitated, panicky cuoáng hoïng n. throat, esophagus: ñau cuoáng hoïng sore throat cuoáng phoåi n. bronchia cuoáng quít v. to lose one’s head cuoáng ruoät thöøa n. appendix [anatomy] cuoàng adj. mad, crazy, insane: ñieân cuoàng raging, violent cuoàng nhieät adj. fanatic(al) cuoàng phong n. furious gale, tempest cuoàng tín adj. fanatic(al) cuoàng voïng n. crazy ambition cuùp 1 v. to cut, to reduce: cuùp löông to cut salary 2 n. cup, trophy: cuùp Ña-vít Davis cup cuïp v. to close [umbrella oâ]; [of tail, ears] to droop cuùt v. to scram: Cuùt ñi! Scram! Beat it! Get lost! cuït adj. short; lame: cuït chaân crippled; cuït ñaàu headless; cuït ñuoâi tailless; caét cuït cut, chopped cö v. R to dwell, to reside, to live (= ôû): di cö to migrate, to move, to evacuate; ñònh cö to settle [refugees]; hoài cö to come back to the city [after an evacuation]; taûn cö to evacuate; daân cö inhabitant, population cö daân n. inhabitant, population cö nguï v. to dwell, to reside, to live cö só n. retired scholar; retired official cö truù v. to dwell, to reside, to live cö xöû v. to behave cöù 1 n. R evidence, proof: baèng cöù/chöùng cöù evidence 2 v., adv. to continue to [precedes main verb], to act despite advice or warning: 45 A typical page from the Vietnamese–English section of the dictionary (reduced version here) ix ix A Guide to Vietnamese Pronunciation Vietnamese is a tonal language where no word is conjugated. The Vietnamese alphabet has 29 letters: a, aê, aâ, b, c, d, ñ, e, eâ, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, oâ, ô, p, q, r, s, t, u, ö, v, x, y. The Vietnamese consonants are written as single letters or a cluster of two or three letters, as follows: b, c, ch, d, ñ, g, gh, gi, h, k, kh, l, m, n, ng, ngh, nh, p, ph, qu, r, s, t, th, tr, v, x. The vowels in Vietnamese are the following: a, aê, aâ, e, eâ, i/y, o, oâ, ô, u, ö. Vowels can also be grouped together to form a cluster or a word. The following tables show the vowels and consonants in Vietnamese pronunciation with their English equivalents. Vowels Vietnamese a aê aâ e eâ i/y o oâ ô u ö English father hat but bet may me law no fur too uh-uh Example ba aên aâm em ñeâm kim lo coâ bô ngu thö Meaning three to eat sound younger brother/sister night needle to worry aunt butter stupid letter Consonants Vietnamese b c, k, q English book can ch chore Example buùt caù kem quyù cho xx Meaning pen fish ice-cream precious to give INTRODUCTION A GUIDE TO VIETNAMESE PRONUNCIATION Vietnamese d, gi English zero da gì ñi ga ghe hai ñ g/gh do go h hat kh Example Meaning skin what to go railway station boat two (no real English equivalent) khoâng no l lot laøm to do m me; him mai tomorrow n not; in nam south ng/ngh singer ngon delicious nghe to hear nh canyon nho grape ph phone phaûi right r run ra to go out s show söõa milk t top toát good th thin thaêm to visit tr entry treân on/ above v very vaø and x see xa far nh canyon nho grape ph phone phaûi right r run ra to go out s show söõa milk t top toát good th thin thaêm to visit tr entry treân on/ above v very vaø and x see xa far xi xi A GUIDE TO VIETNAMESE PRONUNCIATION Tones The standard Vietnamese language has six tones. Each tone is a meaningful and integral part of the syllable. Every syllable must have a tone. The tones are indicated in conventional Vietnamese spelling by diacritic marks placed over (aù, aø, aû, aõ) or under (aï) single vowels or the vowel in a cluster that bears the main stress (v). Tone name (no) Tone mark Saéc highrising où Huyeàn lowfalling oø Naëng lowbroken Hoûi Ngaõ Vietnamese Khoâng daáu o Description Example Meaning Voice starts at middle of normal speaking range and remains at that level Voice starts high and rises sharply ma ghost maù cheek Voice starts at a fairly low and gradually falls maø but oï Voice falls, then cuts off abruptly maï rice seedling lowrising oû Voice falls initially, then rises slightly maû tomb highbroken oõ Voice rises slightly, is cut off abruptly, then rises sharply again maõ horse Tone Symbols Mid level Khoâng daáu High rising Daáu saéc Low falling Low broken Low rising Daáu huyeàn Daáu naëng Daáu hoûi 5 4 High 3 Mid 2 Low 1 xii xii High broken Daáu ngaõ INTRODUCTION A GUIDE TO VIETNAMESE PRONUNCIATION The six tones just described are summarized in the following chart to illustrate the differences between them as they are associated with individual words. Vietnamese language has its national standard syntax, morphology and the tone system, although there are some regional variations in pronunciation and accents. There are significant differences in pronunciation and accents between the Northern and Southern people (represented by Hanoi and Saigon respectively). They are as follows: 1. There is no difference in the single vowels between Hanoi and Saigon. 2. There are two vowel clusters /öu/ and /öôu/ which are pronounced /iu/ and /ieâu/ by Hanoi, and /öu/ and /öôu/ by Saigon. 3. Differences in the pronunciation of consonants: Consonant Sound Hanoi Saigon Examples Pronunciation Hanoi Saigon d, gi /z/ /j/ daï (yes) /zaï/ /jaï/ r /z/ /r/ ra (out) /za/ /ra/ s /x/ /s/ sau (after) /xau/ /sau/ tr /ts/ /tr/ trong (in) /tsong/ /trong/ v /v/ /vj/ vaøo (to come in) /vaøo/ /vjaøo/ n /n/ /ng/ aên (to eat) /aên/ /aêng/ t /t/ /k/ maët (face) /maët/ /maëc/ 4. Saigonese do not differentiate between the two tones /?/ and /~/; these are pronounced alike. We hope that all users of this Compact Vietnamese Dictionary—be they Vietnamese students learning English, or English-speaking expatriates, students or business people—will find this a most compact, up-to-date and user-friendly Vietnamese-English/English-Vietnamese dictionary, for all aspects of daily communication. Phan Vaên Giöôõng xiii xiii VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH A Ai Lao n. Laos, Laotian [see Laøo] aùi aân v. to make love: trong luùc aùi aân during a 1 n. acre [100 square meters] chöõ vieát taét love making maãu Taây 2 a! intj. Oh! [exclamation term] aùi chaø! intj. Well, well! a dua v. to flatter, to follow: a dua theo loái aùi höõu n. friendly society, association: hoäi aùi aên maëc ngöôøi khaùc to follow a person’s style höûu sinh vieân nöôùc ngoaøi overseas students’ of dress society a-loâ! intj. Hello! a ma tô tô adv. amateur: hoïc haønh a ma tô aùi ngaïi v. to feel compassion for aùi löïc n. affinity Aùi Nhó Lan n. Ireland, Irish aùi nöõ n. daughter aùi quoác adj. patriotic: loøng aùi quoác patriotism; to study in a very amateurish manner a phieán n. (= thuoác phieän) opium A-Phuù-Haûn n. Afghanistan, Afghan a toøng v. to act as an accomplice nhaø aùi quoác patriot a-xít n. acid aùi tình n. (= tình yeâu) love: aùi tình cao thöôïng noble love aù! intj. Oh! Ouch! Aù n. Asia, Asian: Aù Phi Afro-Asian; Ñoâng Nam aûi n. pass, hurdle: aûi Chi Laêng Chi Lang pass AÙ Southeast Asia am n. small Buddhist temple, cottage AÙ-Caên-Ñình n. Argentina, Argentine am hieåu v. to know well, to be familiar with Aù Chaâu n. Asia, Asian: Ñoâng Nam Aù Chaâu aùm aûnh v. to be obsessed, beset Southeast Asia; ngöôøi AÙ chaâu Asian aùm hieäu n. secret signal Aù Ñoâng n. Asia, The East, The Orient, Asian, aùm muoäi adj. stupid, fishy, shady Eastern, Oriental: tieäm thöïc phaåm AÙ Ñoâng aùm saùt v. to assassinate: vuï aùm saùt assassination; keû aùm saùt assassin Asian grocery shop an adj. safe, secure; R peace: bình an (= yeân) aù kim n. metalloid Aù Phi n. Asian-African: AÙ Phi Afro-Asian aø intj. Oh! Ah! Aû Raäp n. Arabia, Arab, Arabian: Khoái Aû Raäp security; hoäi ñoàng baûo an security council; an cö laïc nghieäp to live in peace and be contented with one’s occupation, to settle down an höôûng v. to live peacefully, to enjoy peacefully: an höôûng cuoäc ñôøi to enjoy life peacefully an khang adj. healthy and safe an ninh n. security: cô quan an ninh security service an nhaøn adj. to be leisurely: ñôøi soáng an nhaøn a good and easy life an phaän v. to feel smug: an phaän thuû thöôøng to feel smug about one’s present circumstances an toaï v. to be seated an toaøn adj. secure, safe: an toaøn lao ñoäng safe working conditions an toaøn giao thoâng n. road safety an uûi v. to comfort aùn n. judgment, sentence, verdict: toaø aùn court of law; tuyeân aùn to give the sentence; choáng [or khaùng] aùn to appeal aùn maïng n. murder, homicide the Arab Bloc aï intj. polite particle: vaâng aï Yes sir aùc adj. cruel, severe aùc caûm n. antipathy, ill-feeling, dislike aùc chieán n. a bloody fight; traän aùc chieán a bloody fight aùc lieät adj. [of a fight, battle, war] very violent, very fierce aùc mieäng adj. foul-mouthed aùc moäng n. nightmare aùc oân n. wicked thug aùc thuù n. wild animal aùc yù n. malice, ill-will aùch n. yoke: aùch thöïc daân the yoke of colonialism ách taéc adj. congested, blocked up: aùch taéc giao thoâng traffic congestion ai pron. Who?, whom, whoever, everyone, someone, anyone Ai Caäp n. Egypt, Egyptian 1 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH aùn phí aùn phí n. legal costs/fees aùn treo n. suspended sentence aùng n. literary work: aùng vaên chöông litera- aùp duïng v. to apply, to use [method, policy] aùp ñaët v. to impose, to force on aùp löïc n. pressure: aùp löïc khoâng khí atmo- ture work; aùng maây cloud spheric pressure; aùp löïc 3 ki-loâ gam treân moät phaân vuoâng pressure of 3 kg per square anh 1 n. (= huynh) elder brother: anh em brothers/you; anh caû eldest brother; anh reå brother-in-law [one’s sister’s husband]; anh ruoät blood brother; anh hoï cousin [one’s parent’s elder sibling’s son] 2 pron. anh (first person as I [used by elder brother to younger sibling], and as you [used to young man]); he [used of young man] Anh n., adj. Great Britain, England; British, English: Nöôùc Anh England, Britain; tieáng Anh English; lieân hieäp Anh the British Commonwealth Anh Caùt Lôïi n. England, English anh ñaøo n. cherry: hoa anh ñaøo cherry blossom anh huøng n. hero: baäc/ñaáng anh huøng hero; nöõ anh huøng, anh thö heroine anh huøng ca n. epic Anh quoác n. England anh thö n. heroine aùnh n. beam, ray: aùnh saùng beam of light, ray of light; aùnh naéng sunlight; aùnh traêng moonlight aùnh saùng n. light: aùnh saùng ban ngaøy daylight aûnh n. photograph: taám/böùc aûnh (= hình); tranh aûnh pictures, illustrations; aên aûnh to be photogenic; röûa aûnh to develop, to print pictures; chuïp aûnh to take photographs; ñieän aûnh movies; nhieáp aûnh photography aûnh höôûng n. influence: coù aûnh höôûng to influence [ñeán precedes object], to be influential ao n. pond: ao caù fish pond; ao sen lotus pond; ao tuø pond with stagnant water ao öôùc v. to long for, to dream aùo n. [SV y] blouse, shirt, jacket, tunic: caùi aùo clothes, clothing; côm aùo food and clothing; quaàn aùo clothes AÙo n. Austria, Austrian: nöôùc Aùo Austria aùo quan n. coffin aøo aøo adj. roaring: chaïy aøo aøo to rush; gioù thoåi aøo aøo roaring wind; nöôùc chaûy aøo aøo gushing water aûo adj. imaginary, illusive: huyeàn aûo mysterious aûo töôûng n. illusion, fancy aùp v. to approach, to get close; to stand against: aùp böùc to oppress; ñaøn aùp to repress; aùp cheá to oppress centimeter aùp phe v. to make a deal for a commission aùp phích n. poster, bill: Khoâng ñöôïc daùn aùp phích. Post No Bill. aùp suaát n. pressure: aùp suaát cao high pressure aùt v. to drown out [noise] aùy naùy v. to be uneasy AÊ aéc-quy n. [Fr. Accu] battery aüm v. to carry [baby] in one’s arms aên 1 v. [SV thöïc] to eat: aên côm to eat or take a meal 2 v. to win: aên tieàn to win money [opp. thua]; aên löông to earn wages aên baän v. to wear clothes, to dress aên bôùt v. to practice squeezing, to take part of profits aên aên aên aên caép v. to steal, to rob, to pilfer: chay v. to eat vegetarian food chòu v. to eat on credit chôi v. to amuse oneself, be a playboy; to eat for fun: boán moùn aên chôi four assorted appetizers aên cöôùp v. to rob, to loot, to burglarize aên dieän v. to dress smartly aên giaù giaùn v. to cheat aên khaù khaùch ch v. to be in great demand aên traàu v. to chew betel aên haïi v. to live at the expense of; to be a parasite aên hieáp v. to bully, to oppress aên hoûi v. to ritually propose, to become engaged aên hoái loä v. to take bribes, to be corrupted aên khao v. to celebrate a happy event by giving a banquet aên maøy v. to beg: ngöôøi/keû aên maøy beggar aên maëc v. to dress, to wear clothes aên möøng v. to celebrate: aên möøng ngaøy quoác khaùnh to celebrate the National Day aên naèm v. to live as husband and wife aên naên v., n. to repent; regret aên nhaä nhaäu v. to drink alcohol as well as eat something 2 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH aåu aám 1 v., adj. warm: nöôùc aám warm water; aám aên non v. to quit gambling as soon as one has aùp nice and warm 2 n. teapot, kettle: caùi aám naáu nöôùc kettle won aên aên aên aên ôû v. to live; to behave quòt v. to eat or take without paying tieàn v. to take bribes troäm v. to rob, to burglarize, to steal [as in aám cuùng adj. snug, harmonious aám no adj. well off, comfortable aàm adj., adv. noisy; noisily: aàm ó to be very housebreaking] noisy; noisily aåm adj. humid, moist, muggy: khí haäu aåm aên vaï v. to make a scene in order to obtain thaáp, aåm öôùt humid weather what one wants; [of child] to create a tantrum aên vaõ v. to eat [meat, fish, other food] without aân n. R kind act [from above], good deed, favor (= ôn) aân caàn adj. kind, thoughtful aân haän v. to regret, to be sorry aân nhaân n. benefactor aân xaù v. to proclaim amnesty aán v. to press [button]; R to print (= in): aán rice aên vaän v. (= aên maëc) to dress aên xin v. (= aên maøy) to beg aêng aúng v. [of puppy] to yelp repeatedly Aêng Leâ n. [Fr. Anglais] English: tieáng Aêng Leâ English language loaùt printing coät aêng ten truyeàn hình to set up an antenna aáán phaå phaåm quaœ quaœng ng caù caùo n. junk mails for TV AÁn n. India, Indies, Indian: AÁn Hoài Indoaép adj. brimful Pakistan; Taây AÁn the West Indies aêng ten n. [Fr. antenne] antenna, aerial: gaén aét adv. certainly, surely aán ñònh v. to define, to confirm, to fix [price, rate, date…] A Aán ñoä n. India: ngöôøi AÁn ñoä Indian Aán Ñoä Döông n. Indian Ocean aââm 1 n. sound, phone: nguõ aâm the five notes Aán Ñoä giaùo n. Hinduism aán haønh v. to print, to publish in the pentatonic scale; baùn maãu aâm semivowel; nguyeân aâm vowel; phuï aâm consonant; aán loaùt v., n. to print; printing: thieát bò aán loaùt ngöõ aâm hoïc phonetics; phaùt aâm pronunciation; nhò truøng aâm diphthong 2 n. female printing facilities; aán loaùt phaåm printed matter; aán quaùn printing house aán töôïng n. impression, imprint: gaây aán töôïng toát to make a good impression aån v. to hide: aån naáp to take shelter; truù aån to be latent, hidden; Ôû aån to live in seclusion; haàm truù aån air-raid shelter aån daät v. to live a secluded life aån khuaát v. to be hidden aån naùu v. to hide oneself, to take shelter aån nuùp v. to hide, to take cover aáp 1 n. hamlet, settlement, farm 2 v. to sit on [eggs] AÂu n. Europe, European: AÂu Myõ Western; chaâu AÂu Europe; Taây AÂu Western Europe; Ñoâng AÂu Eastern Europe Aâu hoùa v. to Europeanize, to be Europeanized aâu phuïc n. Western clothes aâu saàu adj., v. sad, sorrowful; to grieve, to be concerned aâu yeám v. fondle, caress aáu tró adj. childish, immature, in infancy aáu tró vieân n. kindergarten aåu adj., v. careless, negligent; to disregard rules and regulations principle, negative principle, minus, yin [opp. döông]: aâm lòch lunar calendar aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm ba n. sound wave cöïc n. cathode ñaïo n. vagina ñieäu n. tune, melody ñoä n. pitch giai n. musical scale hoïc n. acoustics hoä n. vulva höôûng n. echo lòch n. lunar calendar möu n., v. plot; to plot nhaïc n. music phuû n. hell thanh n. sound, tone: aâm thanh tuyeät aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm aâm thanh hoïc n. phonology thaàm v., adj. quiet, to be profound; silent tieát n. syllable toá n. sound element vò n. phoneme vò hoïc n. phonemics haûo excellent acoustics 3 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH aåu ñaû aåu ñaû v. to fight, to brawl aáy 1 adj., pron. that, those: chính phuû aáy that government baø con n. relative, relation, fellow baø ñôõ n. midwife baø phöôùc n. (= dì phöôùc) Catholic female 2 intj. Look! Mind you!: AÁy! Ñöøng laøm theá. Look! Don’t do that. priest, sister baø vaõi n. Buddhist nun baû 1 n. lure; poison; bait: baû vinh hoa the lure of honors 2 pron. (= baø aáy) she; her baû vai n. flat of shoulder, shoulder blade baõ n. residue, waste, dregs: baõ mía sugar-cane B ba 1 num. [SV tam] three: thöù ba third; Tuesday; thaùng ba third lunar month, March; möôøi ba thirteen; ba möôi/chuïc thirty; moät traêm ba möôi/chuïc one hundred and thirty; moät traêm linh/leû ba one hundred and three 2 n. [Fr. papa] dad, father 3 n. R wave (= soùng): loø beáp vi ba micro-wave ba ba n. turtle ba chæ n. side: mua moät mieáng thòt ba chæ to buy a cut of pork-side ba gai adj. rowdy, impolite ba hoa adj., v. talkative; to talk too much; to boast, to brag Ba Lan n. Poland, Polish: ngöôøi Ba Lan Polish person ba laêng nhaêng adj. undisciplined, disorganized, disordered; worthless Ba Leâ n. Paris, the capital of France ba loâ n. knapsack, rucksack: vai mang ba loâ to carry a knapsack on one’s shoulder ba phaûi adj. agreeing with everyone: con ngöôøi ba phaûi a yes-man with everyone Ba Taây n. Brazil, Brazilian ba toong n. [Fr. baton] stick, cane ba trôïn adj. unruly, rude Ba Tö n. Persia, Iran; Persian, Iranian baù 1 adj. R one hundred (= traêm) 2 n. R count, earl, mandarin, title of king’s court: baù töôùc count 3 v. R to sow [seeds]: truyeàn baù to spread; quaûng baù to broadcast baù caùo v. to announce, to publicize, to proclaim baù chuû n. lord, master, dominator, ruler Baù Linh n. Berlin baù quyeàn n. hegemony: chuû nghóa baù quyeàn hegemonism baù töôùc n. earl, count baø 1 n. [SV toå maãu] grandmother; female: baø ngoaïi maternal grandmother; baø noäi paternal grandmother; ñaøn baø woman, women; Hai Baø Tröng the Trung sisters 2 pron. lady/ you [used by grandchild to grandmother, first person pronoun being chaùu]; I [used by grandmother to grandchild, second person pronoun being chaùu]; you [used to refer to women of a certain age, first person pronoun being toâi] residue; baõ caø-pheâ coffee waste baï adj. anyone; anything; anywhere; at random, haphazardly baùc 1 n. uncle [father’s elder brother] 2 pron. you [used to refer to an uncle, first person pronoun being chaùu], I [used to refer to a nephew or niece, second person pronoun being chaùu], you [used to refer to craftsmen, first person pronoun being toâi]; you [my child’s uncle or aunt; also used to refer to friends]; she, he 3 v. to scramble [eggs] 4 v. to reject [application, proposal] baùc aùi adj. humane, tolerant, altruistic baùc boû v. to reject: baùc boû ñeà nghò cuûa ai to reject someone’s proposal baùc hoïc n. learned man, scholar, scientist: nhaø baùc hoïc scientist baùc só n. doctor, medical doctor: baùc só gia ñình family doctor baïc 1 n. [SV ngaân] silver; money: ñoàng baïc piastre; giaáy baïc banknote, bill; kho baïc treasury; tieàn baïc money, currency; thôï baïc goldsmith, silversmith, jeweler; ñaùnh baïc to gamble 2 adj. discolored, faded baïc beõo adj. ungrateful, unrewarding: con ngöôøi baïc beõo ungrateful person baïc ñaõi v. to betray, to treat with indifference, to be ill-treated baïc haø n. peppermint, mint baùch num. R one hundred (= traêm) baùch boä v. to go for a walk baùch hoaù n. all kinds of goods: cöûa haøng baùch hoaù toång hôïp general department store baùch khoa n. polytechnical, encyclopedic; baùch khoa töø ñieån encyclopedia; tröôøng Baùch khoa bình daân the popular polytechnic institute baùch phaân n. per cent, centigrade baùch thaûo adj. botanical: vöôøn baùch thaûo botanical gardens baùch thuù n. zoological: vöôøn baùch thuù zoo baïch adj. R white (= traéng): baïch chuûng the white race; toaø Baïch Cung the White House baïch huyeát caàu n. leucocyte 4 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH baûn sao haøng salesman, salesgirl 2 adj. semi, half: baùn phong kieán semi-feudal; baùn coâng khai baïch kim n. platinum Baïch OÁc n. (= Baïch Cung) the White House baùi v. R to bow, to kowtow, to pay homage to: semi-official baùi taï to thank with a kowtow; baùi toå to bow baùn caàu n. hemisphere: Taây baùn caàu the to ancestors Western Hemisphere baøi 1 n. text, lesson, script; CL for nouns denot- baùn chính thöùc n. semi-official: thoâng tin baùn chính thöùc semi-official information ing speeches, newspaper articles; cards: moät baøi dieãn vaên a speech; con/laù quaân/caây baøi; moät coã baøi a deck of cards; chôi baøi, ñaùnh baøi to play cards; laøm baøi to do one’s homework; daøn baøi outline; baøi hoïc lesson, baøi laøm exercise 2 v. R to be against: baøi coäng to be anti-communist; baøi ngoaïi to be xenophobic baøi tieát v. to excrete; to eliminate baøi trí v. to furnish; to decorate baøi tröø v. to abolish; to get rid of [an evil]: baøi vôû n. class materials; task baøi xích v. to disapprove of; to be against baõi 1 n. flat expanse, field, stretch [of grass, sand, etc.]: baõi beå shore, beach; baõi coû lawn; baõi ñaù boùng soccer field; baõi chieán tröôøng battlefield; baõi sa maïc desert; baõi tha ma graveyard 2 v. R to stop, to cease, to strike: baõi binh to cease fighting, to disarm; baõi coâng to go on strike baõi khoùa v. [of students] to strike baõi thò v. [of market vendors] to strike baõi tröôøng n. school vacation baïi v. to lose [battle, war], to be defeated (= thua): thaát baïi to fail; ñaùnh baïi to beat, to defeat [opp. thaønh, thaéng] baùm v. to hang on, to stick, to cling [laáy to] ban 1 n. section, board, committee, commission: ban giaùm ñoác the Board of Directors; ban nhaïc orchestra, band; ban haùt, ban kòch theatrical cast 2 n. section of time: ban ngaøy in the daytime; ban ñaàu at the beginning; ban ñeâm during the night; ban naãy just now, a short while ago; ban saùng this morning; ban toái in the evening; ban tröa at noon 3 v. to grant, to bestow, to confer ban boá v. to issue, to promulgate [laws, regulation] ban haønh v. to issue, to promulgate, to enforce [laws] ban khen v. to praise, to award ban phaùt v. to distribute, to dispense baùn 1 v. [SV maïi] to sell; to be sold: baùn laïi to resell; ñoà baùn nöôùc traitor, quisling; ñi mua baùn to go shopping; baùn chòu to sell on credit; baùn ñaáu giaù to sell by auction; ngöôøi baùn baùn ñaûo n. peninsula: baùn ñaûo Trieàu Tieân the Korean Peninsula baùn keát n. semi-final baùn khai adj. under-developed, uncivilized, backward: daân toäc baùn khai uncivilized people; nhöõng nöôùc baùn khai under-developed countries baùn kính n. radius baùn nguyeät n. semi-circular; bimonthly: baùn nguyeät san bimonthly magazine baùn nguyeân aâm n. semi-vowel baùn nieân n. half year, one semester baùn soáng baùn cheát adj. being in danger of one’s life baùn thaân n. bust baùn thaân baát toaïi n. hemiplegia baùn tín baùn nghi adj. doubtful, dubious baùn töï ñoäng adj. semi-automatic baøn 1 n. table, desk: caùi baøn hoïc study table; baøn tay hand; baøn chaân foot; baøn chaûi brush; baøn côø chessboard, check keyboard; baøn ñaïp pedal; baøn gheá furniture; baøn giaáy office desk; baøn laø iron; baøn thôø altar 2 v. [SV luaän] to discuss, to deliberate [ñeán, veà about] baøn baïc v. to discuss, to deliberate baøn caõi v. to debate baøn giao v. to transfer, to hand over: baøn giao chöùc vuï to hand over a position baûn 1 n. edition, copy, impression [CL for scripts, songs, plays, statements, treaties, etc.]: moät baûn hieäp öôùc a treaty; moät baûn ñaøn a piece of music; moät baûn baùo caùo a report 2 n. R root, base, origin, source (= goác) baûn doanh n. headquarters baûn ñoà n. map: baøn ñoà du lòch tourist map baûn leà n. hinge: tra baûn leà vaøo cöûa to fix hinges onto a door baûn naêng n. instinct baûn ngaõ n. ego, self baûn quyeàn n. copyright: nhaø xuaát baûn giöõ baøn quyeàn publisher’s copyright baûn sao n. a photocopy [of an original document]: chöùng thöïc baûn sao to certify a photocopy of an original document 5 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH baûn saéc baûn saéc n. character, identity: baûn saéc daân bao dung adj. generous, tolerant: thaùi ñoä bao baûn thaûo n. draft, rough draft baûn xöù n. local/native country baïn n. [SV höõu] friend, comrade: nöôùc baïn bao phuû v. to cover up bao quaùt v. to embrace, to include bao töû n. stomach: beänh ñau bao töû toäc national identity dung a tolerant attitude friendly nation; baïn hoïc schoolmate, classmate; baïn cuõ old friend; baïn giaø friend in old age; baïn traêm naêm spouse, husband, wife; chuùng baïn, baïn beø, baïn höõu friends baïn ñoïc n. reader: traû lôøi thö baïn ñoïc to answer readers’ letters baïn haøng n. customer, fellow trader bang n. R state, country, nation: laân bang neighboring state; ngoaïi bang foreign nation; lieân bang union, federation; tieåu bang state [in the union] bang giao v. to have relations with baøng baïc v. to teem, to overflow baøng hoaøng adj. stunned, dumbfounded, stupefied baøng quan v. to look on: keû baøng quan spectator; thaùi ñoä baøng quang a spectator’s attitudes baøng thính v. to audit [class, course]; to listen in baûng n. sign, placard: baûng ñen blackboard; yeát leân baûng thoâng baùo to put up on the notice-board; baûng nieâm yeát thoâng baùo bulletin board baùnh 1 n. cake, pie, pastry: baùnh ngoït cake; baùnh mì bread; moät baùnh xaø phoøng a pack of soap; baùnh bao dumpling; baùnh beøo bloating fern-shaped rice cake; baùnh boø sponge cake; baùnh chöng square glutinous rice cake; baùnh cuoán steamed rolled rice pancake 2 n. wheel: baùnh xe car wheel; tay baùnh laùi steering wheel baùnh Trung thu n. mid-autumn festival cake baønh toâ n. jacket, coat: aùo baønh toâ overcoat baønh tröôùng v. to develop, to expand, to spread bao 1 pron. how much, how many; so much, so many; some, any: Bao giôø? When?, What time?; Bao laâu? How long?; Bao nhieâu? How much? How many?; Bao xa? How far?; bao giôø cuõng ñöôïc any time 2 n. envelope, bag: moät bao gaïo a bag of rice; moät bao dieâm a box of matches; moät bao thuoác laù a pack of cigarettes 3 v. to pack, to wrap, to cover: bao boïc to protect; bao truøm, bao phuû to cover; bao goàm to include bao che v. to screen stomach-ache bao vaây v. to besiege, to encircle baùo 1 v. to announce, to notify, to report 2 n. newspaper: tôø baùo haøng ngaøy, nhaät baùo a daily newspaper; nhaø baùo journalist; tuaàn baùo weekly magazine; toaø baùo newspaper office baùo caùo v. to report: baùo caùo haøng tuaàn weekly report baùo chí n. newspaper and magazine; the press: thoâng caùo baùo chí press release baùo danh n. candidate list: soá baùo danh registration number on the name-list of candidates baùo ñoäng v. to alarm, to alert, to be in an emergency: tình traïng baùo ñoäng state of emergency baùo giôùi n. the press, media baùo hæ n. wedding announcement baùo hieáu v. to show gratitude towards one’s parents: toû loøng baùo hieáu cha meï to convey one’s filial piety towards one’s parents baùo hieäu v. to give the signal baùo thuø v. to avenge oneself baùo thöùc v. to wake up: ñoàng hoà baùo thöùc alarm clock baùo tin v. to inform, to advise, to announce baøo 1 v. to plane 2 n. caùi baøo plane: voû baøo shavings 3 n. R womb: baøo huynh/baøo ñeä brothers by the same mother; ñoàng baøo compatriot, fellow countryman baøo cheá v. to produce medicines, to make drugs: nhaø baøo cheá pharmacist, pharmacologist baøo chöõa v. to defend baøo ngö n. abalone: chaùo baøo ngö abalone soup [a type of congee] baøo thai n. fetus baûo v. to say [to], to tell [raèng that]: toâi baûo sao nghe vaäy believe what I tell you; khuyeân baûo/raên baûo to advise baûo an n. security: Hoäi ñoàng Baûo An the Security Council baûo ñaûm v. to guarantee, to assure; to register: thö baûo ñaûm registered mail baûo haønh v. to give a warranty baûo hieåm v. to insure, to assure, to guarantee 6 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH Baêng Coác baûo hoaøng v. to be royalist/monarchist: phaùi baøy v. (= baày) [SV baøi] to display, to arrange: baûo hoaøng the monarchist party toû baøy to express, to expose; trình baøy to present; phoâ baøy to show off baøy bieän v. to display, to arrange: baøy bieän ñoà ñaïc trong nhaø to arrange furniture in the baûo hoä v. to protect baûo keâ v. to register, to insure baûo maät v. to keep secretly, to be confidential baûo vaät n. precious things, valuables (= quí) baûo veä v. to protect, to guard, to preserve (= giöõ): baûo veä moâi tröôøng to protect the house baøy ñaët v. to create unnecessarily baøy toû v. to convey, to express baøy veõ v. to contrive unnecessary things; to natural environment baûo taøng vieän n. museum baûo thuû v. to be conservative: ñaûng baûo thuû show, to teach baûy num. [SV thaát] seven: möôøi baûy seventeen; baûy möôi/chuïc seventy; thöù baûy seventh; Saturday; thaùng baûy seventh lunar month; July; moät traêm baûy möôi/chuïc one hundred and seventy; moät traêm linh/leû baûy one hundred and seven baéc 1 v. to bridge a space with [a plank taám vaùn, brick gaïch]: baéc caàu to build a bridge; baéc thang to put up a ladder 2 n. north, northern: phöông baéc the north; ñoâng baéc northeast; taây baéc northwest; thuoác Baéc Chinese medicine; ngöôøi Baéc northerner Baéc boä n. the northern part of Vietnam Baéc Cöïc n. North Pole Baéc Ñaåu n. Ursa Major Baéc Ñaåu Boäi Tinh n. Legion of Honor Medal Baéc Ñaïi Taây Döông n. North Atlantic: toå chöùc Hieäp öôùc Baéc Ñaïi Taây Döông the North Atlantic Treaty Organization [NATO] Baéc Haøn n. North Korea Baéc Kinh n. Beijing: thaønh phoá Baéc Kinh Beijing city Baéc Myõ n. North America baéc phaàn n. the northern part of Vietnam Baéc Phi n. North Africa Baéc thuoäc n. Chinese domination Baéc Vieät n. North Vietnam baêm 1 num. thirty [contraction of ba möôi]: baêm saùu thirty six 2 v. to chop: baêm thòt to chop meat baên khoaên v. to be worried, unable to make up one’s mind baén v. [SV xaï] to fire, to shoot [vaøo at]; to splash: saên baén to hunt; baén tin to drop a hint, to start a rumor, to spread the news baêng 1 n. ice: ñoùng baêng/keát baêng to freeze 2 n. [Fr. banque] bank [financial institution] 3 n. [Fr. ruban, bande] ribbon, band, bandage, tape: baêng ghi aâm recording tape; thay baêng to change a bandage baêng boù v. to dress a wound Baêng Coác n. Bangkok the conservative party baûo toaøn v. to keep intact, to preserve perfectly baûo toàn v. to preserve: baûo toàn vaên hoaù to preserve one’s culture baûo trôï v. to protect, to sponsor: quyeàn baûo trôï patronage, sponsorship baûo veä v. to preserve, to guard, to defend baõo n. typhoon, storm, hurricane: côn/traän baõo storm; baõo tuyeát snowstorm; Gieo gioù gaët baõo. Who causes the wind, reaps the whirlwind. baõo hoøa adj. saturated: trong tình traïng baõo hoaø in a saturated situation baõo taùp n. violent storm, severe hurricane baïo adj. daring, brave, bold baïo beänh n. serious illness baïo chuùa n. tyrant baïo daïn adj. bold, daring, fearless baïo ñoäng v. to be violent baïo löïc n. repression, violence baïo taøn v. to be cruel, to be wicked baát baïo ñoäng adj. non-violent baùt 1 n. eating bowl: moät baùt côm a bowl of rice 2 num. eight (= taùm): thô luïc baùt the sixeight words poetic form; baùt giaùc octagon baùt dóa n. bowls and plates; dishes: maùy röûa baùt ñóa dish washer baùt ngaùt adj. immense, limitless: caùnh ñoàng luùa baùt ngaùt an immense ricefield baùt phoá v. to loiter in the streets, to wander about in a shopping center baït 1 adj. careless, negligent, rash: baït maïng reckless 2 n. epilogue: vieát lôøi baït cho moät cuoán saùch to write an epilogue for a book 3 n. canvas: nhaø baït a canvas tent baït thieäp adj. well-mannered, polite: con ngöôøi baït thieäp a well-mannered person bay 1 pron. you [plural]: chuùng bay you all 2 n. trowel: bay thôï hoà bricklayer’s trowel 3 v. [SV phi] to fly: maùy/taàu bay airplane; saân bay airport; tröôøng bay airfield; chuyeán bay flight 7 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH baêng haø baêng baêng baêng baèng haøø 1 n. glacier 2 v. [of king] to pass away baåm v. (= thöa) to report [to a superior]/ ha [polite particle]; baåm oâng sir huyeát v. to have metrorrhagia phieán n. naphthalene, moth balls baåm chaát n. nature, inborn trait 1 adj. equal to, to be as … as; to be even, baåm sinh adj. innate, inborn level: baèng loøng satisfied; consenting, agree- baåm tính n. innate character able; baèng khoâng if not, or else; baèng thöøa in baán v. to be short of money, to be in trouble vain; ñoàng baèng plains; thaêng baèng balanced baàn 1 adj. R poor (= ngheøo): baàn cuøng very 2 adv. to be made of [some material], run by [some fuel], use [at means], travel or be transported by 3 n. diploma, degree: phaùt baèng caáp to confer a degree; lónh baèng to receive a diploma/degree/certificate; baèng Trung hoïc high school certificate; leã phaùt baèng graduation ceremony baèng caáp n. diploma, degree baèng chöùng n. (= baèng cöù) evidence, proof: tröng baèng chöùng to give an evidence baèng höõu n. friend(s): tình baèng höõu friendship baèng loøng v. to agree, to be satisfied baèng phaúng adj. even and flat baép n. (= ngoâ) corn, maize baép caûi n. cabbage baép thòt n. muscle: baép chaân calf baét v. [SV boä] to catch, to seize, to arrest; to force baét beû v. to find fault with, to criticize: baét beû töøng li töøng tí to find fault with someone’s argument baét bôù v. to arrest baét buoäc v. to force, to compel; to be obligatory, to be compulsory baét chöôùc v. to imitate, to mimic, to copy baét coùc v. to kidnap baét ñaàu v. to begin, to start baét ñeàn v. to demand restitution, to ask for compensation baét gaëp v. to come across, to run into baét maïch v. to take a pulse baét moái v. to make contact baét naït v. to bully baét quaû tang v. to catch in the act baét tay v. to shake hands [with]; to start: khi chuùng toâi baét tay vaøo laøm vieäc when we (actually) started to work baét thaêm v. to draw lots baäc n. step [of stairs], rung [of ladder], category, level: baäc vó nhaân great man baám v. to press [button, etc.]: khuy baám snap [fastener] baàm adj. bruised, black and blue: chaân bò tím baàm bruised legs poor baàn baàn baàn baàn 2 n. cork: nuùt baàn a cork ñaïo n. a poor priest coá noâng n. a poor peasant taêng n. a poor monk thaàn adj. haggard, worried: veû maët baàn thaàn to look haggard baàn tieän adj. mean, ignoble: haønh ñoäng baàn tieän mean action baån adj. dirty, filthy; stingy: tay baån dirty hands; keo baån miserly; baån thæu stingy baän 1 adj. busy, occupied: baän vieäc to be busy; baän bòu, baän roän to be occupied 2 v. to dress, to wear: aên baän to wear clothes; baän quoác phuïc to wear traditional clothes 3 n. time, occurrence: moät hai baän once or twice; moãi baän each time baâng khuaâng adj. melancholic; undecided baâng quô adj. vague or indefinite [in speech]: traû lôøi baâng quô to give a vague answer baáp beânh adj. [of conditions, situation, position] unstable, uncertain baäp beï v. to jabber, to mutter, to babble baäp buøng adj. flickering baát adj. R not, non (= chaúng, khoâng): baát baïo ñoäng non-violence; baát bình displeased, unhappy; baát bình ñaúng unequal; baát can thieäp non-intervention baát caàn v. not to care baát caån adj. careless: vieäc laøm baát caån careless work baát chaáp v. regardless of; to ignore baát chính adj. unrighteous baát coâng adj. unjust, unfair: ñoái xöû baát coâng to treat unfairly baát cöù adj. any: baát cöù ai anybody; baát cöù luùc naøo any time, any moment baát di baát dòch adj. immutable baát dieät adj. immortal, everlasting: tình höõu nghò baát dieät everlasting friendship baát ñaéc dó adj. unwilling, reluctant, unavoidable baát ñònh adj. unstable baát ñoàng adj. different, uneven, divergent: nhöõng ñieåm baát ñoàng different agreements baát ñoäng adj. motionless 8 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH beá taéc baãy v., n. to trap; to snare; trap, snare: caùi baãy baát ñoäng saûn n. real estate, property baát haïnh adj. unlucky, unfortunate: keû baát chuoät mousetrap; ñaùnh baãy to trap; maéc baãy haïnh a victim, unlucky person baát haûo adj. bad: thaønh phaàn baát haûo bad to be trapped baäy adj., adv. wrong; improperly; nonsense be n. wine flask be beùt adj. crushed to pulp; completely people baát hôïp phaùp adj. illegal, unlawful baát hôïp taùc v. to be uncooperative; non- messed up beù adj. [SV tieåu] small, young, little, tiny: thaèng cooperative baát huû adj. [of character, literary work] to be immortal baát khaû xaâm phaïm adj. inviolable, unalienable baát kyø adj. any; unexpected, unintended baát luaän adj. regardless of, without distinction baát löïc adj. inefficient, incapable, powerless baát löông adj. dishonest, crooked baát maõn adj. dissatisfied with baát nhaõ adj. rude, impolite baát nhaân adj. non-benevolent, inhumane baát quaù adv. at most, only baát taøi adj. incapable baát thình lình v., adv. act suddenly; suddenly; all of a sudden, unexpectedly: traän taán coâng baát thình lình surprise attack baát thöôøng adj. unusual, extraordinary: phieân beù the little boy; con beù the little girl; vôï beù a concubine; beù boûng little and tender; beù con a little child beø 1 n. faction, clique, party: beø luõ, beø ñaûng gang, group, party; baïn beø friends 2 n. raft: ñoùng caùi beø to build a craft; taàu beø boats, ships; thuyeàn beø boats, craft beø phaùi n. faction, clique, party beû v. to break; to bend [something long or flexible] in a curve; to snap; to pick [fruit, flower]; to pinion: beû caønh caây to break a stick; beû quaët hay tay to pinion someone’s arms beõ adj. ashamed: oâng aáy beõ maët quaù he lost face beùn adj. sharp: con dao beùn a sharp knife beùn muøi v. to become familiar with, to be accustomed to hoïp baát thöôøng cuûa Ñaïi hoäi ñoàng Lieân beøn adv. then, instantly, immediately [precedes Hôïp Quoác special session of the U.N. General main verb] Assembly beõn leõn adj. shy, timid baát tieän adj. inconvenient: phöông tieän ñi laïi beùo adj. fat, plump, stout, obese [opp. gaày, baát tieän inconvenient transportation oám]; [of dish] greasy baát tænh adj. unconscious, insensible beùo bôû adj. profitable, easy to do: vieäc laøm beùo bôû easy job baát trò adj. incurable, unruly: beänh baát trò an incurable disease beùo toát adj. fat and healthy baät v. to snap, to switch [lights] on: baät cöôøi to beøo n. [SV bình] duckweed, marsh lentil, water burst out laughing hyacinth baät löûa n. cigarette lighter beïp adj. crushed, flattened, put out of shape baáu v. to pinch, to snip off beùt 1 adj. last [in rank], lowest, worst 2 adj. baàu 1 n. bottle gourd, calabash: quaû/traùi baàu a wrong, utterly messed up: naùt beùt beaten to a calabash; CL for certain nouns such as in moät pulp; hoûng beùt to fail completely baàu khoâng khí thaân thieän a friendly atmobeït adj. flattened sphere; baàu nhieät huyeát enthusiasm 2 adj. beâ 1 n. calf [of cow]: thòt beâ veal 2 v. to carry sphere, globe, round; coù baàu to be pregnant with both hands 3 v. to elect, to vote [cho for] beâ beát adj. smeared all over, splashed all over baàu cöû n. election beâ boái adj. in a pother, in a stew baây giôø pron., adv. now, at [the] present [time] beâ toong/toâng n. [Fr. bêton] concrete baáy giôø adv. at that time beâ treå v. to leave undone, to neglect baáy laâu pron., adv. so long, since then beá v. to hold in one’s arms baáy nhieâu pron. that much beá maïc v. [of a conference] to close, to baày n. flock, herd, group, pack: moät baày chim adjourn, to end, to finish, to be over: leã beá maïc a closing ceremony a flock of birds; baày toâi subject(s) [of a king] baåy v. to pry up, to prize: hoï baåy hoøn ñaù leân beá quan toûa caûng n. the closed-door policy they pry up a slab of stone beá taéc adj. obstructed, deadlocked 9 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH beà beà n. side, dimension: beà ngoaøi appearance; bí danh n. pseudonym, pen name bí hieåm adj. mysterious bí maät adj., adv. secret, mysterious; secretly, beà cao height; beà daøy thickness; beà doïc length; beà ngang width beà boän adj. jumbled, in a jumble, busy, mess: coâng vieäc beà boän busy work beà maët n. surface, area, appearance beå 1 n. (= bieån) [SV haûi] sea; cistern, tank: bôø beå/bieån seashore; cöûa beå seaport 2 v. [of glassware, china, etc.] to be broken; (= vôõ) beä n. platform, pedestal; throne beä raïc adj. slovenly, squalid beä veä adj. stately, imposing: ngoài beä veä trong gheá baønh to sit imposingly in an armchair beân n. [SV bieân] side; edge; party: caû hai beân both sides; beân Phaùp in France; beân kia ñöôøng across the street beán n. landing place, pier, port; bus or railroad station: beán taàu seaport; beán xe bus station beàn adj. strong, durable, solid; long-wearing: vöõng beàn to be stable, durable; beàn bæ enduring beânh v. to protect, to defend, to take the side of: beânh vöïc to protect, to defend beänh n., v. sickness, disease; to be sick: bò/laâm/ maéc beänh to be sick; khaùm beänh, xem beänh to give or receive a medical examination; chöõa beänh to cure a disease; con beänh/beänh nhaân patient; caên beänh cause of the illness beänh hoa lieãu n. (= beänh phong tình) venereal disease beänh lyù n. pathology beänh taät n. illness and infirmity beänh tình n. patient’s condition, history of ailment beänh vieän n. hospital, clinic beáp n. kitchen; stove: ngöôøi laøm beáp cook, chef; laøm beáp to cook; beáp nöôùc cooking bi n. [Fr. bille] marbles: chôi bi, ñaùnh bi to shoot marbles ai adj. sorrowful, sad, lamentable, tragic ñaùt adj. lamentable, tragic, heart-rending haøi kòch n. tragedy-comedy kòch n. tragedy, drama: taán bi kòch tragedy quan adj. pessimistic [opp. laïc quan]: thaùi ñoä bi quan pessimistic attitude bi thaûm adj. tragic: caùi cheát bi thaûm a tragic death bi traùng adj. pathetic bí 1 n. pumpkin, squash, winter melon: quaû/traùi bí a pumpkin 2 adj. obstructed; constipated; to be stumped bí aån adj. hidden, secret bi bi bi bi bi mysteriously; coâng taùc bí maät secret mission; bí maät quaân söï military secret bí quyeát n. hint, secret [formula] bí thö n. secretary: ñeä nhaát bí thö [söù quaùn] first secretary [of embassy]; toång bí thö secretary-general bí tæ adj. unconscious: say bí tæ to be dead drunk bì 1 v. to compare: khoâng ai bì kòp no one is comparable 2 n. skin (= da), derm, peel; envelope, bag: phong bì envelope [for letter]; cho gaïo vaøo bì to pack rice in bags bæ adj. scornful or contemptuous of: khinh bæ contemptible; thoâ bæ vulgar Bæ n. Belgium, Belgian bó adj. cornered, unfortunate, unlucky [opp. thaùi] bò 1 n. bag, knapsack: caùi bò a bag 2 v., adv. to suffer or experience something unpleasant or disastrous; to be: bò tuø to be in jail; beân bò can the defendant, the accused [opp. beân nguyeân ñôn the plaintiff] bò caùo n. defendant bò ñoäng adj., adv. passive; passively bia 1 n. [SV bi] tombstone, stone slab, stele: bia ñaù tombstone; bia mieäng public judgment, public opinion 2 n. bull’s eye, target [for archers, marksmen]: bia ñôõ ñaïn cannon folder 3 n. [Fr. bìere] beer bìa n. book cover; cardboard: ñoùng bìa to bind [with a hard cover] bòa v. to invent, to fabricate: bòa chuyeän to make up stories bòa ñaët v. to invent, to fabricate bích chöông n. poster: Khoâng ñöôïc daùn bích chöông Post No Bill bích baùo n. newspaper posted on the wall bieác adj. [SV bích] green or azure blue: xanh bieác emerald green or deep blue bieám hoaï n. cartoon bieân 1 v. to write down, to note down, to jot down 2 n. R edge, border, limit, boundary, frontier: voâ bieân boundless bieân baûn n. report, log, minutes bieân caûnh n. frontier area bieân cheùp v. to write, to copy bieân cheá v. to arrange staff: ñöa vaøo bieân cheá to put staff in permanent positions; giaûm bieân cheá to cut staff bieân cöông n. frontier, boundaries, border 10 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH bình bieân giôùi n. frontier, border: bieân giôùi Hoa bieät taøi n. special talent bieät thöï n. countryhouse, manor, villa bieät xöù adj. exiled, banished bieáu v. to offer as a gift/present: quaø bieáu Vieät Sino-Vietnamese border bieân bieân bieân bieân bieán lai n. receipt soaïn v. to edit, to compile, to write taäp vieân n. editor, writer thuyø n. frontier, border present bieáu xeùn v. to make [frequent] gifts bieåu 1 v. (= baûo) to say to, to tell, to order 1 v. to disappear, to vanish: noù ñaõ bieán ñi, bieán maát he disappeared 2 v. to change, be changed, to turn into bieán caûi v. to change, to transform bieán chuyeån v. to change, to develop bieán coá n. event, happening, occurrence bieán ñoåi v. to change, to fluctuate bieán hoaù v. to change, to evolve bieán loaïn adj., n. rebellious; turmoil bieán soá n. variable number bieán thaùi adj. variant, allophone, allomorph bieán thieân v. to change, to vary bieàn ngaãu n. parallel, couple [stylistics] bieån 1 n. [SV haûi, döông] sea, ocean: bôø bieån sea coast; baõi bieån seashore, beach (= beå) 2 n. sign, placard bieån laän adj. avaricious; fraudulent bieån thuû v. to embezzle bieän baùc v. to discuss, to argue, to explain, to debate bieän chöùng phaùp n. dialectic bieän giaûi v. to explain, to explicate bieän luaän v. to discuss, to argue bieän lyù n. prosecutor bieän phaùp n. method, measure, means, procedure: thi haønh bieän phaùp to carry out the method bieáng adj. lazy; indolent: laøm bieáng, löôøi bieáng, bieáng nhaùc to be lazy bieát v. [SV tri] to know, be aware of: quen bieát to be acquainted with bieát ñaâu adv. Who knows! bieát ñieàu adj. reasonable bieát ôn adj. grateful bieät 1 adj. separated, isolated 2 v. to disappear without a trace: phaân bieät to distinguish, to discriminate; ñaëc bieät to be special, characteristic, typical; töø bieät to say goodbye to bieät ñaõi v. to treat exceptionally well bieät ñoäng ñoäi n. special mobile troops bieät hieäu n. nickname, pen name, pseudonym, alias bieät laäp adj. independent, isolated bieät ly v. to be separated, to part; to have a separation bieät phaùi v. to detail 2 n. table, index, scale, meter: haøn thöû bieåu thermometer; ñoà bieåu chart; bieåu chæ daãn index bieåu dieãn v. to perform, to demonstrate, to parade bieåu döông v. to show, to manifest [a certain spirit tinh thaàn] bieåu ñoàng tình v. to express agreement bieån hieän v. to manifest, to show plainly bieåu loä v. to express, to convey bieåu ngöõ n. slogan, banner bieåu quyeát v. to decide, to vote bieåu thò v. to show, to display, to express bieåu tình 1 v. to demonstrate [as a crowd] 2 n. demonstration bieåu töôïng n. symbol binh n. R soldier, private (= lính)/R military: nhaø binh the military; tuø binh prisoner-of-war; ñieåm binh to review troops; boä binh infantry(man); moä binh to recruit soldiers; coâng binh corps of engineers; phaùo binh artillery(man); binh nhì private; taân binh new recruit binh bò n. military affairs: taøi giaûm binh bò to reduce armaments, to disarm binh cheá n. military system or organization binh chuûng n. arms, service, branch binh ñao adj., n. pertaining to war; war, warfare, hostilities binh ñoäi n. troops, forces binh khí n. arms, weapons, war materials binh lính n. soldiers, troops binh löïc n. combat forces, military power binh maõ n. troops, army, cavalry binh nguõ n. troops, army ranks binh nhu n. military supplies binh phaùp n. military strategy/tactics binh phí n. military expenses binh só n. soldier, fighter, serviceman binh thö n. military book/manual binh vaâïn v. to carry out agitation and propaganda among enemy troops: thi haønh chính saùch binh vaän to implement psychological warfare bình 1 v. to comment, to criticize: pheâ bình/ bình phaåm moät taùc phaåm vaên chöông to 11 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH bình an critique a literature work 2 n. vase, pot: bình hoa flower vase; bình cheø teapot; bình ñieän battery; bình höông incense burner bình an adj. well, safe: chuùc baïn thöôïng loä bình an to have a safe trip bình daân adj. common, popular, simple-mannered, democratically-mannered: vaên chöông bình daân popular literature bình dò adj. ordinary, simple: ñôøi soáng bình dò simple life bình dieän n. aspect, facet bình ñaúng 1 adj. to be equal, on the same level 2 n. equality bình ñòa n. level ground bình ñieän n. battery bình ñònh v. to pacify bìng laëng adj. quiet and peaceful bình luaän 1 v. to comment [veà on] 2 n. commentary, editorial: bình luaän thôøi söï to comment on the current affairs; nhaø bình luaän/ bình luaän gia commentator bình minh n. dawn, early morning bình nguyeân n. plain bình nhaät n. every day bình phaåm v. to comment, to criticize bình phong n. screen [folding screen] bình phuïc v. to recover [from an illness] bình phöông n. square [in mathematics] bình quyeàn n. equal rights; equality of rights bình sinh adv. in one’s lifetime bình thaûn adj. peaceful, uneventful; indifferent, calm bình thöôøng 1 adj. normal, ordinary, common 2 adv. ordinarily, normally bình tónh 1 adj. calm, peaceful 2 v. to keep calm bình yeân See bình an bòp v. to bluff, to cheat: löøa bòp ai to deceive someone bít taát n. socks, stockings: moät chieác bít taát a sock; moät ñoâi bít taát a pair of socks; bít taát tay gloves bít teát n. [Fr. bifteck] beefsteak bòt v. to cover, to stop up: bòt maét to blindfold; bòt tai to cover one’s ears bíu v. to cling to, to grasp, to hold to bóu v. to purse [one’s lips]: bóu moâi to purse one’s lips scornfully bo bo adj. jealously guarding, close, griping: cuûa mình thì giöõ bo bo to tightly keep one’s property boù v., n. to tie in a bundle; bunch: baêng boù to dress a wound; moät boù hoa a bouquet, a bunch of flowers boù buoäc v. to compel, to force; [of a system] to be strict, severe: hoaøn caûnh boù buoäc to put under compulsion of circumstances boù tay v. to give up, to be unable to do anything boø 1 v. to crawl, to creep, to go on all fours: loaøi boø saùt the reptiles 2 n. [SV ngöu] cow, ox, bull: loaøi traâu boø livestock; söõa boø milk; thòt boø beef; xe boø ox-cart; boø caùi cow; boø ñöïc bull; boø con calf; boø söõa milk cow; boø röøng wild ox boû v. to put, to cast; to leave, to abandon, to give up; to deposit: boû tieàn vaøo ngaân haøng to put/deposit money into the bank boû beâ v. to neglect boû cuoäc v. to give up joining a competition boû dôû v. to leave [something] unfinished boû maëc v. to abandon oneself boû mình v. to die [vì for] boû nhoû v. to make a passing/short shot boû phieáu v. to cast a vote, to vote boû qua v. to pass, to let go, to overlook, to throw away [a chance] boû queân v. to forget, to leave out boû rôi v. to leave far behind boû soùt v. to omit, to leave out, to miss boû tuø v. to jail, to put in jail boû tuùi v. to put into a pocket boõ adj. worthwhile: boõ coâng worth the trouble; cho boõ giaän to satisfy one’s anger boï n. insect, worm, flea: con boï choù dog flea, tick; saâu boï insect(s) boï caïp n. scorpion boï hung n. beetle boï ngöïa n. praying mantis boùc v. to peel [fruit]; to open: boùc voû to peel the skin; boùc thö to open the mail boùc loät v. to rob; to exploit boïc v., n. to wrap, to cover, to pack; package; parcel, bundle: bao boïc to envelop; to protect, to support/aid [relatives] boùi v. to tell one’s fortune, to divine: thaày boùi blind fortune-teller or soothsayer; xem boùi to consult a fortune-teller boùi caù n. kingfisher: chim boùi caù a kingfisher bom n. [Fr. bombe] bomb: neùm/thaû bom to drop bombs; maùy bay thaû bom bomber; bom khinh khí hydrogen bomb; bom löûa incendiary bomb; bom nguyeân töû nuclear bomb; bom noå chaäm time bomb boûm beûm v. to chew [betel] a mouthful 12 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH boäc phaùt bon bon adj. [of vehicles] to run fast boùn 1 v. to fertilize: phaân boùn manure, fertil- Boà Ñaøo Nha n. Portugal, Portuguese boà ñeà n. bodhi tree [Buddhism] izer 2 adj. to be constipated boà hoøn n. soapberry boïn n. small group of people [derogatory]; gang: boà hoùng n. soot nhaäp boïn to affiliate oneself with a group; boà hoâi n. (= moà hoâi) sweat, perspiration cuøng moät boïn to belong to the same gang boà nhìn See buø nhìn boà noâng n. pelican bong v. to get loose, to come off bong boùng n. bubble, toy balloon, bladder boå 1 v. to split, to chop, to open: boå cuûi to chop wood; boå quaû böôûi to cut open a grapeboùng 1 n. [SV aûnh] shadow, shade, light: boùng caây shade of tree; boùng naéng sunlight; boùng traêng moonlight; chieáu/chôùp boùng to show movies; raïp chôùp boùng movie theater; nghóa boùng figurative meaning 2 n. [SV caàu] ball, balloon: boùng baøn table tennis; boùng truyeàn volleyball; boùng roå basketball; boùng troøn/ñaù soccer; boùng baàu duïc football, rugby 3 adj. shiny: ñaùnh boùng to polish boûng adj. burned, scalded boong n. [Fr. pont] deck of a ship boùp 1 v. to squeeze with one’s hand, to press: boùp coø to pull the trigger; boùp coå to strangle, to choke; ñaám boùp to massage; boùp coøi xe to press a car horn 2 n. [Fr. portefeuille] wallet boùp buïng v. to deny oneself in everything, to suffer: boùp buïng ñeå daønh tieàn to deny oneself in order to save money boùp meùo v. to distort: boùp meùo söï thaät to distort the truth boït n. foam, bubble, suds, lather: nöôùc boït saliva; boït beå sponge; boït xaø phoøng soap suds boâ n. chamber pot, bedpan boâ boâ adj. loud and noisy: aên noùi boâ boâ to speak loudly and inconsiderately boâ laõo n. village elderly boá 1 n. father, dad, papa: boá meï parents; boá vôï wife’s father; boá choàng husband’s father; hai boá con oâng Xuaân Mr. Xuan and his father 2 n. jute: bao boá jute bag; vaûi boá canvas 3 v. to raid boá caùo v. to proclaim, to announce: tuyeân boá to announce, to make a statement; coâng boá to make public; phaân boá to distribute boá cuïc v., n. to arrange; to lay out; to structure; arrangement; structure boá thí v. to give alms, to give to charities boá trí v. to deploy [troops] boà 1 n. friend, pal, sweetheart, lover 2 n. bamboo basket boà caâu n. pigeon, squab, dove: chim boà caâu pigeon; maét boà caâu dove-eyed boà coâi adj. (= moà coâi) to be an orphan: boà coâi cha fatherless; boà coâi meï motherless fruit; boå quaû döa to cut a melon; boå quaû döøa to chop a coconut 2 v. to name, to appoint 3 adj. to be nourishing, nutritious; mended; supplementary, complementary: thuoác boå tonic; tu boå to repair, to restore [buildings]; voâ boå to be of no use boå duïng v. to appoint, to nominate boå ích adj. to be useful, interesting boå khuyeát v. to fill [lacuna, position] boå nhieäm v. to appoint boå tuùc v. to complement, to supplement, to add to boä 1 n. set, series, pack [of cards], suit [of clothes], service, collection, assortment: boä bình traø a set of teapots; boä aùo quaàn veùt a set of suits 2 n. section, branch, part, [government] department, ministry: Boä Ngoaïi giao Ministry of Foreign Affairs; ñaûng boä tænh a provincial party branch 3 n. appearance, look, gait, mien: laøm boä laøm tòch to be conceited; laøm ra boä to pretend to; coi boä trôøi saép möa it looks like raining 4 n. R foot, step (= böôùc); land: ñi/cuoác boä to go on foot; treân boä on land; ñi ñöôøng boä to take a land route boä binh n. infantry(man) boä ñieäu n. gesture, attitude boä ñoäi n. troops, army boä haønh n. pedestrian: khaùch boä haønh passengers boä laïc n. tribe boä moân n. subject, department, section, field of specialization or endeavor: boä moân tieáng Anh English subject boä tröôûng n. minister, secretary: phuï taù Boä tröôûng Assistant Secretary boä vi xöû lí n. micro-processor boä xöông n. skeleton boác 1 v. to take with one’s fingers: aên boác to eat with one’s fingers 2 v. to rise, to emit 3 n. [Fr. boxe] boxing: ñaùnh boác to box [to fight] boäc loä v. to expose, to reveal, to show: boäc loä tình caûm to show one’s sentiment boäc phaùt v. to explode, to break out suddenly 13 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH boâi boâi v. to coat, to apply [cream, lotion, pomade]: boån See baûn boån phaän n. duty, obligation boâi son to apply lipstick onto one’s lips boâi baùc v. to smear boän adj. to be disorderly, confused: beà boän in boâi nhoï v. to soil, to discredit, to dishonor, to a mess slander boâng 1 n. cotton: caây boâng cotton plant; vaûi boâng cotton cloth, flannelette; aùo boâng quiltboái caûnh n. background ed robe; chaên boâng padded blanket, quilt boái roái adj. uneasy, perplexed, troubled, con- 2 n. [SV hoa] flower: boâng tai earring; moät boâng hoàng a rose; phaùo boâng fireworks; vöôøn boâng park 3 n. [Fr. bon] coupon, ration fused, bewildered: boài 1 v. to bank up with earth; R to nourish, to strengthen 2 n. [Fr. boy] houseboy, waiter boài beáp n. servants boài boå v. to strengthen, to foster, to increase: card boâng ñuøa v. to make a joke boàng v. to carry [a child] in one’s arms; to pres- boài boå söùc löïc to foster one’s strength boài buùt n. hack writer, ghost writer boài döôõng v. to feed up, to improve, to cul- ent [arms suùng] tivate: boài döôõng nghieäp vuï to foster one’s professional ability boài hoaøn v. to refund money, to reimburse: boài hoaøn tieàn ñi laïi to reimburse travel allowance boài thöôøng v. to pay damages [cho to], to pay compensation for: boài thöôøng cho ngöôøi bò tai naïn to pay compensation to the victims of the accident boài thaåm n. assessor, juror boài thaåm ñoaøn n. jury boäi v. R to violate, to break [promise, trust]: phaûn boäi/boäi phaûn to betray; boäi lôøi höùa to break one’s promise boäi baïc adj. ungrateful, unfaithful: con ngöôøi boäi baïc ungrateful person boäi chi adj. overspending boäi phaàn adj., adv. manifold, many times; extremely boäi soá n. multiple boäi thöïc v. to have indigestion, to have stomach upset boäi tín v., n. to violate a trust; a breach of trust boäi tinh n. medal: danh döï boäi tinh medal of honor; Baéc ñaåu Boäi tinh Legion of Honor Medal boäi öôùc v. to break a promise, to violate a pledge boân ba v. to run after [honors and wealth]; to wander, to roam boán num. [SV töù] four: möôøi boán fourteen; boán möôi/chuïc forty; thöù boán fourth; moät traêm boán möôi/chuïc one hundred and forty; moät traêm linh/leû boán one hundred and four boàn n. vase, basin, bed: boàn nöôùc water basin; boàn hoa flower bed; boàn taém bathtub boàn choàn adj. anxious, uneasy, worried boàng boät adj. to be enthusiastic, ardent, eager, ebullient boàng lai n. fairyland boång adj. rising up [in the air], soaring sky- ward: nhaác boång leân to lift off the ground; leân boång xuoáng traàm [of voice, tone] to go up and down, be melodious; ñieäu traàm boång intonation [opp. traàm] boång n. salary, payment, bonus, premium, allowance: nieân boång yearly salary; nguyeät boång monthly salary; löông boång salary, pay; höu boång pension; Sôû höu boång Retirement Department boãng adv. suddenly [precedes main verb]: boãng choác suddenly; boãng khoâng by accident; boãng nhieân, boãn döng all of a sudden, by chance boät n. flour, powder, farina: boät mì wheat flour; boät ngoâ corn meal; boät gaïo rice flour; thuoác boät [medicinal] powder; coù boät starchy boät phaùt v. to flare up bô n. [Fr. beurre] butter: pheát bô to butter bô phôø adj. disheveled; to be tired, worn out bô vô adj. abandoned, helpless, friendless, lonely: cuoäc ñôøi bô vô a lonely life bôù intj. Hello! Hey! bôø n. edge, rim, bank, limit, border: bôø coõi limits, frontier, territory; bôø heø sidewalk; bôø ruoäng path at edge of ricefield; bôø beå, bôø bieån seashore, coastline; leân bôø to go ashore; bôø hoà lakeshore bôû adj. friable, crumbly; to be gainful bôõ ngôõ adj. new and inexperienced, at fault bôï 1 v. to flatter servilely: bôï ñôõ to be toady, to flatter 2 v. to lift with both palms extended bôi v. to swim (= loäi); to row, paddle (= cheøo): beå bôi swimming pool; taäp bôi to learn swimming; bôi loäi swimming 14 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH bôùi v. to dig with fingers or paws; to dig up: buoàn buøi adj. having a nutty flavor, buttery taste bôùi chuyeän to dig up a story; bôùi vieäc to find buøi nguøi adj. sad, melancholic work; bôùi loãi to find fault/mistake; bôùi loâng buïi 1 n., adj. dust; dusty: phuûi buïi to dust; buïi baëm dusty 2 n. clump, bush, thicket, grove: tìm veát to discover weak points bôûi conj. because, since, for; because of, by, buïi tre a bamboo grove buïm v. to scoop up with one’s hands; to cup in on account of, due to: bôûi theá/vaäy therefore, because of that; Bôûi ñaâu/sao? Why?; bôûi vì one’s hands because, since bôm v., n. [Fr. pompe] to pump, to inflate; pump, inflator bôøm n. mane: bôøm ngöïa mane of horse; bôøm sö töû mane of lion bôïm adj. smart, clever, artful, skillful bôõn v. to kid, to joke, to tease: Ñöøng ñuøa bôõn laøm gì! Don’t joke!; bôõn côït to tease bôïn n. dirt, stain, spot, impurity bôùp v. (= bôïp) to slap, to smack: bôùp tai to slap lightly one’s head bôùt v. [opp. theâm] to lessen, to reduce, to lower, to decrease; to cut down; to be better in health: boû bôùt to reduce, to cut down; noùi bôùt lôøi to speak less, be less talkative; bôùt moàm, bôùt mieäng to talk less, to scold less; bôùt moät theâm hai to bargain, to haggle; aên bôùt to practice squeezing bu 1 n. mother 2 n. coop: bu gaø chicken coop buù v. to suckle: cho buù to nurse, to breastfeed; thoâi buù to wean buø 1 adj. [of hair ñaàu, toùc] ruffled, disheveled: ñaàu buø toùc roái disheveled and tangled hairs 2 v. to make up, to compensate for: chaúng/ chaû buø vôùi in contrast with buø ñaàu adj. very busy buø khuù v. to have a rollicking time together; to enjoy each other’s company buø loong n. [Fr. boulon] bolt buø lu buø loa adj., n. raising a hue and cry; crying lustily, wailing, moaning buø nhìn n. scarecrow, dummy, puppet: chính phuû buø nhìn a puppet government; buø nhìn rôm a straw dummy buø tröø v. to compensate, to make up: quyõ buø tröø compensation fund buï adj. [of child] to be plump, chubby, fat buùa n. hammer: buùa ñinh claw hammer; moät nhaùt buùa a hammer strike; treân ñe döôùi buùa between the hammer and the anvil buøa n. [SV phuø] written charm, amulet: buøa meâ, buøa yeâu love amulet; buøa hoä maïng/ meänh, buøa hoä thaân talisman buïc n. platform, rostrum, dais: böôùc leân buïc to step up to the platform buùn n. soft noodles made of rice flour, vermi- celli: meàm nhö buùn to be soft as rice noodles; buùn boø beef noodles; buùn chaû rice noodles with grilled pork buøn n., adj. mud, mire; muddy: reû nhö buøn to be dirt-cheap buøn laày adj. muddy, slushy: ñöôøng saù buøn laày muddy road buûn ruûn adj. paralyzed, flabby, limp buûn xæn adj. very stingy; mean bung v. to burst open, to come apart bung xung n. shield; puppet; scapegoat buùng v. to flip one’s fingers/fillip, to flick buøng v. to flare up, to blow up [precedes or follows main verb]: chaùy buøng to go up in flames; buøng noå [of hostilities] to break out buûng adj. jaundiced, sallow buïng n. belly, stomach, tummy; heart: toát buïng to be good-hearted; xaáu buïng to be mean; ñau buïng to have a stomach upset; buïng chöûa to be pregnant buoäc v. to bind, to fasten, to tie, to tie up; to compel, to force: baét buoäc to compel, to force; to be obligatory; buoäc toäi to accuse, to prosecute; buoäc loøng to be against one’s will buoåi n. half a day, session, event, performance; time: thôøi buoåi naøy these times; caû hai buoåi all day, morning and afternoon; buoåi chieàu afternoon; buoåi saùng morning; buoåi toái evening; buoåi tröa noon; buoåi bình minh dawn; buoåi hoaøng hoân twilight; buoåi hoïp a meeting; buoåi leã a ceremony buoàm n. sail: döông/keùo buoàm to set sail; thuyeàn buoàm sailboat; coät buoàm mast buoân v. to buy in [in order to sell later]; to trade or to deal in: baùn buoân to sell wholesale; con/laùi buoân merchant; buoân baùn to carry on business; buoân laäu to deal in smuggled goods; haõng buoân firm; tieäm buoân store; buoân ngöôøi slave trade; buoân son baùn phaán to be a prostitute; buoân thuùng baùn meït to be a small vendor or merchant; buoân nöôùc boït to work as a middleman for a commission buoàn adj. sad: buoàn baõ, buoàn böïc, buoàn raàu uninteresting, ticklish; buoàn cöôøi to want to 15 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH buoàn böïc laugh; funny; buoàn ñaùi to want to pass water; buoàn nguû sleepy; drowsy; buoàn noân, buoàn möûa nauseous, nauseating buoàn böïc adj. annoyed, displeased, angry buoàn raàu adj. sad, melancholic buoâng v. [SV phoùng] to let go, to release; to lower [curtain, mosquito netting maøn], to drop: buoâng lôøi to utter words; buoâng tha to release buoâng loûng v. to disengage, to spare buoâng troâi v. to let drift, to loose buoàng 1 n. [SV phoøng] room, chamber; cage: buoàng ngöïc thorax; buoàng aên dining room; buoàng giaáy office; buoàng hoïc classroom; study room; buoàng khaùch living room, parlor; buoàng nguû bedroom; buoàng taém bathroom; buoàng the lady’s chamber 2 n. bunch: buoàng chuoái a bunch of bananas; buoàng cau a bunch of areca nuts; buoàng phoåi lung; buoàng tröùng ovary buoát v. [of pain] to be sharp, to be bitter: gioù laïnh buoát bitter cold wind buoät v. to slip, to get loose: buoät mieäng to have a slip of the tongue buùp n. bud, shoot: buùp sen a lotus bud; ngoùn tay buùp maêng tapered fingers buùp beâ n. [Fr. poupée] doll buùp pheâ n. cupboard buùt n. writing brush, pen: buùt chì pencil; buùt maùy fountain pen; buùt möïc pen; quaûn buùt penholder; neùt buùt handwriting, calligraphy; ngöôøi caàm buùt writer; tuyø buùt diary, memoirs, essay; tuyeät buùt fine piece of writing; ngoøi buùt pen nib; chuû buùt editor [of newspaper]; buùt loâng writing brush; buùt nguyeân töû ball point pen buùt chieán v. to engage in a polemic [between writers] buùt danh n. (= buùt hieäu) pen name buùt ñaøm n. written conversation buùt nghieân n. pen and ink slab; writing materials; academic activities buùt phaùp n. style of writing buùt tích n. written documents Buït n. Buddha: oâng Buït Buddha; laønh nhö Buït as gentle as a Buddha böï adj. big, large: traùi cam böï a big orange; moät oâng böï a V.I.P böøa 1 v., n. to rake, to harrow; harrow: caøy saâu böøa kyõ to plow deep and rake carefully 2 adj. to be disorderly, untidy: böøa baõi, böøa boän to be left untidy, to act disorderly; vieát böøa ñi write anything you like, go ahead and write böõa n. meal; a period of time: böõa aên/böõa côm haøng ngaøy daily meal; böõa nay today; böõa noï/böõa tröôùc the other day; böõa (aên) tröa lunch; böõa (aên) toái dinner, supper; böõa hoåm that day; böõa qua yesterday; maáy böõa raày these few days böïa n. tartar, food particles between or on teeth böùc 1 adj. hot and sultry, humid 2 n. a unit of board, a piece, a set: böùc töôøng a wall; böùc tranh a painting; böùc maøn curtains; böùc thö letters böùc thieát adj. urgent; pressing: moät nhu caàu böùc thieát an urgent need böùc xaï n. radiation böïc 1 v., adj. displeased, annoyed, vexed: buoàn böïc to fret; töùc böïc to be angry; böïc mình/ böïc doïc to be upset 2 n. step [see baäc] böïc doïc v., adj. testy böng 1 v. to carry with both hands: böng khay traø to carry a tea tray 2 v. to cover, to cup one’s hand 3 n. maquis; resistance area: böng bieàn forest area böng bít v. to cover up; to suppress böùng v. to uproot, to pull up: böùng caây leân to pull up a tree böøng v. [of flames löûa] to flare up, to blaze up: böøng ñoâi maét to open the eyes suddenly böôùc v., n. to step; step: treøo leân hai böôùc to climb two steps; raûo böôùc to quicken one’s step; luøi böôùc to step back; Böôùc ñi! Go away! Scram!; töøng böôùc moät step by step; moät böôùc tieán a step forward böôùc ñaàu n. the initial, at the beginning böôùc ñöôøng n. stages on the road/way böôùc ngoaët n. turning point: böôùc ngoaët lòch söû the turning point of history böôûi n. pomelo, grapefruit: moät muùi böôûi a grapefruit section böôùm n. [SV hoà ñieäp] butterfly: con böôm böôùm a butterfly; ong böôùm flirtation böôùng adj. stubborn, bull-headed: böôùng bænh headstrong; caõi böôùng to argue stubbornly böôu v. to lump; to bump: böôu ñaàu to bump on the head böôùu n. hump: böôùu laïc ñaø camel’s hump or dromedary; böôùu coå goiter böùt v. to pick, to pluck off; to scratch: böùt hoa to pick flowers; böùt ñaàu to scratch the head; böùt toùc to tear one’s hair böu chính n. (= böu ñieän) postal service: 16 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH Toång giaùm ñoác Böu chính PostmasterGeneral böu cuïc n. post office böu ñieän n. postal service, post office: nhaø Böu ñieän Saøi Goøn Saigon Post Office böu böu böu böu böu böu kieän n. parcel post; postal matter phaåm n. postal matter, mail item phí n. mailing cost, postage phieáu n. money order taù n. postman, mailman thieáp n. postcard: gôûi moät böu thieáp ñi caùch meänh caø keâ v., adj. drag out, tell a very long yarn; palavering caø caø caø caø khòa v. to pick a quarrel [a fight] with laêm v. to stutter, to stammer nhom adj. very skinny nhaéc v. to limp: chaân ñau neân phaûi ñi caø nhaéc to have to limp because of pain in the foot caø pheâ n. coffee, coffee bean: pha caø pheâ to make coffee; aám pha caø pheâ coffee pot, coffeemaker; coái xay caø pheâ coffee mill; moät nöôùc ngoaøi to send a postcard to someone taùch caø pheâ a cup of coffee; caø pheâ söõa cofoverseas fee with milk, white coffee böûu boái n. valuable thing; magic wand caø roát n. carrot caø raù n. carat, diamond, ring (= nhaãn) caø kheo adj. stilts: ñi caø kheo to walk on stilts caø sa n. monk’s robe ca 1 n. mug: uoáng moät ca nöôùc to drink a mug caø vaït See ca vaùt of water 2 n. shift: laøm ca ñeâm to work the caû 1 adj. the oldest, the biggest: giaø caû old; con caû eldest brother 2 pron. all, the whole, night shift 3 n. case: ca caáp cöùu an emergency case 4 v. to sing (= haùt): ca haùt to sing; baøi at all: heát caû, suoát caû at all; caû ngaøy all day ca a song, melody; danh ca famous singer; long; caû nhaø the whole family; caû thaåy, caû thaûy in all, altogether; taát caû all, the whole, in ñoàng ca, hôïp ca chorus ca dao n. folk song, folk ballad all; caû hai both; heát caû all, the whole; khoâng ai ñeán caû nobody came at all ca khuùc n. a song ca kòch n. a play, opera, theater caùc 1 adv. every, all: Thöa caùc oâng caùc baø! ca loâ ri n. calorie Ladies and gentlemen!; ñuû caùc thöù all sorts of ca nhaïc n. music and song 2 n. card, visiting card: taám caùc chuùc möøng ca noâ n. boat, speed boat greeting card 3 v. to pay an extra sum in a ca tuïng v. to praise, to eulogize trade in ca vaùt n. necktie; thaét/ñeo ca vaùt to wear a caùc toâng n. cardboard caùch 1 n. manner, way, method, fashion: caùch tie thöùc laøm vieäc working method; tìm caùch ñoái caù 1 n. [SV ngö] fish: moùn caù fish dish; caâu/ ñaùnh caù to fish; ao caù fish pond; ngöôøi ñaùnh phoù to find out the way to deal with 2 v. R to caù fisherman; thuyeàn ñaùnh caù fishing boat; change, to reform; to revoke: caûi caùch haønh chaùnh to reform an administration system caù hoäp canned fish; caù maém salted fish; caù nöôùc ngoït fresh water fish; caù nöôùc maën salt 3 adj. to be distant from: xa caùch separated water fish; caù öôn spoiled or rotten fish; caù from; caùch moät giôø uoáng moät thìa a spoonoâng voi whale; caù saáu crocodile 2 v. to bet, ful every one hour caùch bieät v. to be distant, to separate, to be to wager isolated, to cut off caù bieät adj. particular, individual: trong hoaøn caûnh caù bieät in a particular situation caùch böùc v. to be indirect, to be distant, to cut off caù hoài n. salmon caù hoàng n. snapper caùch chöùc v. to revoke, to dismiss caù maäp n. shark caùch ñieän v. to insulate: vaät caùch ñieän insulator caù nhaân adj. individual, personal: chuû nghóa caù nhaân individualism caùch maïng n. revolution: nhaø caùch maïng revolutionist; cuoäc caùch maïng kyõ ngheä caù tính n. personality, individuality caø n. eggplant, aubergine: caø chua tomato; caø the Industrial Revolution; phong traøo Caùch tím eggplant; caø ñoäc döôïc datura; maàu hoa Maïng Quoác gia the National Revolutionary caø lilac-colored; caø toâ maùt tomato Movement; caùch maïng hoaù to revolutionize caø cuoáng n. a coleopteron used as condiment caùch meänh See caùch maïng C 17 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH caùch ngoân caùch ngoân n. maxim, aphorism, saying caùch nhaät adj. recurrent: soát caùch nhaät recurrent fever caùch caùch caùch caùch quaõng adj. intermittent thöùc n. style, method, way trí n. natural science trôû v. to be difficult, to separate and obstruct: ñi laïi caùch trôû to be difficult in traveling cai 1 n. superintendent, jail keeper, corporal: cai quaûn foreman; cai kho storekeeper 2 v. to abstain from, to quit [habit]: cai söõa to be weaned; cai thuoác phieän to give up smoking opium cai quaûn v. to supervise, to manage, to administer: cai quaûn nhaân coâng to supervise workers cai trò v. to administer, to govern, to rule caùi 1 n. object, thing; CL for most nouns denoting inanimate things and some nouns denoting small insects [such as ants kieán, bees ong etc.]; CL for single action; single strokes, single blows: caùi ñeïp the beautiful; moät caùi baøn a [or one] table; Caùi naøo? Which one?; caùi naøy this one; caùi aáy/ñoù that one; maáy/ vaøi caùi a few; Maáy caùi? How many?; taém moät caùi to take a bath [or shower]; taùt moät caùi to slap once, to give a slap; ôï moät caùi to burp once 2 adj. to be female [opp. ñöïc]: boø caùi cow; choù caùi bitch; meøo caùi she cat 3 adj. main, principal, largest: ñöôøng caùi main road, highway; reã caùi main root; soâng caùi big river [Red River in North Vietnam]; ngoùn tay caùi thumb caøi v. to fasten; to bolt; to shut: caøi aùo to fasten clothes; caøi khuy to button; caøi toùc to fasten hair; caøi cöûa to bolt the door caûi 1 n. cabbage: baép caûi/caûi baép cabbage, turnip; cuû caûi beets; caûi hoa cauliflower 2 v. R to change, to reform (= ñoåi): bieán caûi, canh caûi to reform; hoaùn caûi to change caûi caùch v., n. to reform; reform: caûi caùch ruoäng ñaát [or ñieàn ñòa] land reform; caûi caùch xaõ hoäi social reform caûi chính v. to deny; to rectify, to correct caûi daïng v. to disguise oneself caûi giaù v. [of widow] to marry again, to remarry caûi hoaù v. to change, to convert caûi löông v., n. to improve, to reform; renovated theater, modern play caûi taùng v. to reinter for reburial [a body] caûi taïo v. to reform, to reconstruct, to re- educate: caûi taïo neàn kinh teá to reform the economy caûi thieän v. to improve: caûi thieän ñôøi soáng to improve the standard of living caûi tieán v. to improve, to ameliorate: caûi tieán heä thoáng haønh chaùnh to improve the administration system caûi toå v. to reorganize, to reshuffle: caûi toå noäi caùc to reshuffle the cabinet caûi trang v. to disguise oneself caûi töû hoaøn sinh v. to revive, to resuscitate caõi v. to argue, to deny, to retort, to discuss, to quarrel: baøn caõi to discuss, to debate; caõi nhau to quarrel caõi coï v. to quarrel, to argue with someone caõi loän v. to quarrel caõi vaõ v. to argue, to debate cam 1 n. orange: boác cam to peel an orange; boå cam to cut an orange; vaét cam to squeeze an orange; nöôùc cam orange juice, orange drink; maàu da cam orange-colored; möùt cam marmalade; moät muùi cam an orange section 2 v. to be resigned [to]: cam chòu to content oneself with; ñaønh cam chòu to agree; cam ñoan to guarantee; cam keát to promise; cam taâm to resign oneself to cam thaûo n. liquorice caùm n. bran caùm ôn v. to thank, thank you caùm doã v. to tempt, to seduce caûm 1 v. to feel, to be affected by, to be touched: caûm ñoäng to be moved; caûm thaáy to feel; thieän caûm sympathy; ña caûm very sensitive; maëc caûm complex 2 v. to catch cold: caûm laïnh to catch cold; caûm naéng to get sunstroke caûm ñoäng v., adj. to be moved, to be touched; emotional caûm giaùc v., n. to feel; feeling, sensation caûm höùng n. inspiration caûm kích v. to be touched, to be moved caûm phuïc v. to admire caûm taï v. to express one’s gratitude; to thank caûm tình n. sympathy, affection; feeling, sentiment caûm thoâng v. to comprehend, to sympathize with caûm töû v. to volunteer for death: quaân caûm töû suicide troops caûm töôûng n. impression, imprint, remarks, comment caûm xuùc v., n. to be moved, to be affected/ stimulated/stirred; feeling, emotion 18 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH can 1 v. to concern, to involve, to be interested caûnh trí [ñeán precedes object]: lieân can to be implicated, to be convicted for; bò can the accused; khoâng can gì/chi it doesn’t matter; can gì/ chi maø sôï no need to be afraid 2 v. to stop a quarrel or a fight; to dissuade, to advise [against something]; R to intervene, to interfere 3 n. one of the system of ten Heaven’s Stems used for indicating serial order or reckoning years: thaäp can: giaùp, aát, bính, ñinh, maäu, kyû, canh, taân, nhaâm, quí the ten Heaven’s Stems can döï v. to be implicated, to have something to do with can ñaûm adj., n. courageous; courage can heä v. to be vital, to concern can ngaên v. to advise [against something], to stop doing something can thieäp v. to intervene, to interfere caùn 1 n. straight handle [of a tool]: caùn choåi the handle of a broom; caùn dao a handle of a knife; caùn buùa a handle of a hammer 2 v. to run over; to grind caùn boä n. cadre: caùn boä tuyeân truyeàn propaganda cadre; caùn boä y teá healthcare worker caùn caân n. balance: caùn caân ngoaïi thöông the balance of foreign trade caùn söï n. technician: caùn söï y teá healthcare worker caøn 1 v. to rush through, to raid, to mop up 2 adj. to be inconsiderate; arbitrary; wanton caûn v. to hinder, to stop, to block, to prevent: ngaên caûn ai laøm vieäc gì to stop someone from doing something caûn trôû v. to hinder, to prevent, to obstruct: caûn trôû giao thoâng to obstruct the traffic caïn 1 adj. dried up: khoâ caïn dried; noâng caïn shallow 2 v. no more to say; finished: caïn cheùn to empty the cup; caïn lôøi to have no more to say; caïn tieàn without any money; caïn tuùi penniless caïn cheù cheùn v. to empty the cup: môøi quí vò caïn cheùn please empty your cups caïn lô lôøi v. to have no more to say caùng 1 n. stretcher, litter, palanquin: ngöôøi khieâng caùng stretcher-bearer 2 v. to carry on a stretcher or litter: caùng ngöôøi bò thöông ñeán beänh vieän to carry an injured person to a hospital caùng ñaùng v. to take charge of; to assume the responsibility: caùng ñaùng vieäc coäng ñoàng to assume the responsibility of community work caøng 1 adv. increasingly, all the more, the more: caøng ngaøy caøng ngheøo becoming poorer and poorer every day; caøng hay so much the better; caøng toát so much the better 2 n. shaft [of carriage xe], claw; chela; nipper: caøng xe cuùt kít a wheelbarrow shaft; caøng cua nipper of crab caûng n. R port, harbor: haûi caûng seaport; thöông caûng commercial port; xuaát caûng to export; nhaäp caûng to import; Höông Caûng Hong Kong; Traân Chaâu Caûng Pearl Harbor canh 1 n. soup, broth: chan canh vaøo côm to pour soup over the rice 2 v. to watch over, to guard: lính canh sentry, guard; canh moät first watch [of the night]; choøi canh watch tower canh caûi v. to change, to reform canh gaùc v. to guard, to watch: canh gaùc vaên phoøng to guard one’s office canh giöõ v. to guard, to defend, to protect canh noâng n. agriculture canh phoøng v. to watch, to defend, to be vigilant canh taùc v. to cultivate, to do farming canh taân v. to modernize, to reform: canh taân giaùo duïc ñaïi hoïc to reform the higher education system caùnh n. wing [of bird chim], a leaf, a side: caùnh cöûa door flap; caùnh hoa petal of flower; caùnh buoàm sails; caùnh ñoàng fields; caát caùnh [of a plane] to take off; haï caùnh [of a plane] to land; caùnh tay phaûi the righthand man; vaây caùnh, coå caùnh supporter, hireling, follower, lackey caønh n. branch, bough, twig, limb: haõy caét ñi nhöõng caønh caây khoâ to trim all dried branches caûnh n. landscape, view, scenery, sight, scene, site, spectacle; condition, state, plight: tình caûnh situation; scene; taû caûnh to describe the scene caûnh caùo v. to warn; to arouse, to alarm caûnh bò v., n. to guard; guard, police, patrol caûnh binh n. military police: sôû caûnh binh military police department caûnh caùo v. to warn caûnh huoáng n. situation, plight caûnh ngoä n. situation, plight caûnh quan n. landscape, scene caûnh saùt n. police, policeman: lính caûnh saùt police force; sôû caûnh saùt police station caûnh saùt cuoäc n. police station caûnh trí n. landscape, sight, view, scenery 19 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH caûnh töôïng caûnh töôïng n. spectacle, scene, view caûnh vaät n. nature; spectacle caïnh n., adv. side, edge, ridge; to be beside: ôû aspect cao cao cao cao cao cao sinh toàn to struggle for life cao xaï n. anti-aircraft: suùng cao xaï anti- caïnh [to be] by the side of, next to; beân caïnh nhaø toâi next to my house; khía caïnh angle, caïnh tranh v. to compete with: caïnh tranh ñeå cao 1 adj. tall, high; to excel [in a game]; exalted, lofty, noble: laøm cao conceited; neâu cao to uphold; beà cao height; ñoä cao altitude; nhaåy cao high jump; töï cao töï ñaïi to be conceited, haughty 2 n. ointment; jelly; glue: thuoác cao herbal ointment cao caû adj., adv. to be great, noble; greatly, nobly: haønh ñoäng cao caû noble action cao caáp adj. high-ranking, top-ranking, top level: nhaân vieân cao caáp cuûa Boä Kinh teá high-ranking officials of the Department of National Economy cao cöôøng adj. superior, excellent Cao Ñaøi n. Caodaist, Caodaism: Hoä Phaùp Cao Ñaøi the Caodai Pope cao ñaúng adj. higher education: tröôøng cao ñaúng college; Tröôøng Cao Ñaúng Sö phaïm Higher Education Institution of Pedagogy, Teachers College cao ñoä n. pitch, height, altitude cao hoïc n. post-graduate studies cao höùng adj. inspired, elated cao laâu n. restaurant: aên cao laâu to eat at the restaurant cao lôùn adj. tall, high cao löông myõ vò n. exquisite dishes, the best food Cao-Ly n. Korea; Korean (= Trieàu tieân, Haøn quoác): Baéc Cao Ly North Korea Cao Meân n. (= Cao Mieân) Cambodia; Cambodian, Khmer cao minh adj. intelligent, farsighted, enlightened cao nguyeân n. uplands, highlands cao nieân adj. elderly, old cao oá oác n. high building cao quyù adj. noble cao raùo adj. high, tall; good-looking cao sang adj. noble cao su n. rubber: caây cao su rubber tree; röøng cao su, ñoàn ñieàn cao su rubber plantation; xe cao su rickshaw [obs.]; suùng cao su sling; giaây cao su rubber band; keïo cao su chewing gum; cao su hoaù hoïc synthetic rubber taêng n. eminent monk taàn n. high frequency thöôïng adj. noble, magnanimous traøo n. movement, high tide voïng n. ambition xa adj. far-reaching, exalted; utopian, unrealistic aircraft gun caùo 1 n. fox (= choàn) 2 v. to announce, to report; R to indict; to feign [illness, etc.] so as to take leave or decline an invitation; baùo caùo to report; caûnh caùo to warn; quaûng caùo to advertise, advertisement; bò caùo the defendant; toá caùo to denounce, to charge; vu caùo to slander; kính caùo, caån caùo respectfully yours [at the end of an announcement] caùo baïch n. leaflet, handbill, announcement, advertisement caùo beänh v. to feign illness caùo bieät v. to take leave of; to say goodbye caùo chung v. to announce its own end caùo giaùc v. to denounce caùo giaø adj. foxy, clever, crafty caùo phoù n. death announcement caùo thò n. announcement, proclamation, notice caùo traïng n. charge, indictment caùo tri v. to inform, to notify caùo töø v. to take leave; to say goodbye caøo v. to scratch, to claw; to rake caøo caøo n. grasshopper, locust caûo n. draft caïo v. to scrape, to scratch, to graze, to peel, to shave: caïo ñaàu to have or give a haircut; caïo maët, caïo raâu to shave; dao caïo razor; thôï caïo barber caùt n. [SV sa] sand: baõi caùt beach, sandbank; coàn caùt sand dune; ñoáng caùt sand pile; ñaát caùt sandy soil; ñaát caùt land [as property]; ñaõi caùt to pan sand; ñöôøng caùt granulated sugar cau 1 v. to frown: cau maøy, cau maët to scowl 2 n. areca palm: buoàng cau bunch of areca nuts; quaû cau areca nut; giaàu/traàu cau betel and areca caùu adj. dirty caùu kænh adj. furious caùu tieát adj. furious caøu nhaøu v. to grumble cay adj. to be peppery hot; hot cay cuù v. to have a passion for [card game, etc.]; gheùt cay cuù to hate cay ñaéng adj. bitter, miserable, painful 20 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH caàm caèn coãi impoverished land cay ñoäc adj. cruel, malicious: lôøi noùi cay ñoäc malicious statement cay nghieät adj. stern; cruel caùy n. small crab: nhaùt nhö caùy to be a coward; shy; to be a chicken caøy n., v. plow: caøy ruoäng to plow the fields; caøy caáy to do farming caïy v. to prise up: caïy ra to prise open caäy v. to rely on as an asset: troâng caäy, nhôø caäy to rely or to depend on caéc n. (= haøo) dime caéc keø n. chameleon, gecko caêm v. to bear a grudge against: caêm gheùt keû chôi xaáu mình to bear a grudge against one who has played a dirty trick; caêm töùc, caêm giaän to feel a deep resentment against caêm phaån v. to feel indignant caêm thuø v. to hate and resent; to feel a vindictive hatred for: bieán caêm thuø thaønh söùc maïnh to turn vindictive hatred into strength caém v. to plant, to thrust, to pitch [tent leàu]: caém traïi to camp; chaïy caém ñaàu caém coå to run head first; to cuckold caèm n. chin: raâu caèm beard [as opp. to raâu meùp mustache] caëm cuïi v., adj. to be absorbed in a task; completely wrapped up in caên 1 n. R root (= reã); cause, origin, source: caên nguyeân origin; thaâm caên coá ñeá to be deep-rooted 2 n. flat, apartment, compartment: caên nhaø house, apartment; caên phoá shop caên baûn n., adj. base, basis, fundamentals, background; to be basic, fundamental: Trung taâm Giaùo duïc Caên baûn Fundamental Education Center; khoaù caên baûn tieáng Anh a basic English course caên cô n., adj. thrifty, economical; thrift caên cöù n., v. basis, base; to base on caên cöôùc n. identity: giaáy caên cöôùc, chöùng minh nhaân daân identity card caên daën v. to repeat advice/suggestion/recommendation, to remind caên duyeân n. origin, cause caên nguyeân n. root; source, cause caên soá n. root [math]: caên soá baäc hai square root caén v. to bite, to sting caén raêng v. to bear, to endure: caén raêng maø chòu to endure in silence caén röùt v. to gnaw; to worry: löông taâm caén röùt to be gnawed by one’s conscience caèn adj. stunted, dwarfed, impoverished: ñaát caèn nhaèn v. to grumble, to complain caën n. deposit, residue, lees, dregs: caën baõ cuûa xaõ hoäi the dregs of society caën keõ adj. careful, thorough, detailed caêng v. to stretch, to spread: caêng da to stretch the skin; caêng giaây to stretch strings caêng thaúng adj. [of situation] tense; fully stretched caúng n. paw; leg (= chaân): chaïy ba chaân boán caúng to run at full tilt; roäng caúng to have much freedom, much leeway caép 1 v. to carry under one’s arms (= ñoäi, vaùc, khuaân, khieâng, xaùch, gaùnh, quaåy, mang) 2 v. to steal, to swipe, to pilfer: aên caép/keû caép thief; aên caép vaët petty theft caëp 1 n. pair, couple: caëp vôï choàng married couple 2 n. briefbag, briefcase: caëp hoïc sinh a school bag 3 v. to nip, to grip: caëp toùc hairpin caét 1 v. to assign [to a specific job]: caét cöû, caét ñaët; caét löôït, caét phieân to assign on a rotation basis 2 v. to cut, to carve [meat thòt etc.]: caét (laøm, ra laøm) hai/ñoâi to cut in two; caét nghóa to explain; caét toùc to get a haircut, to give a haircut [cho to]; caét aùo to make a dress caâm adj., v. to be dumb, mute; to hold one’s tongue: caâm mieäng, caâm moàm to shut up; giaû caâm giaû ñieác to play dumb caám v. to forbid, to prohibit, to ban [ngaët, tieät strictly]: Caám huùt thuoác. No smoking.; Caám boùp coøi. No hornblowing.; Caám ñoã xe. No parking.; Caám vaøo. Do not enter.; Caám khaïc nhoå. No spitting.; Caám reõ beân traùi. No left turn.; Caám daùn giaáy. Post no bill.; ngaên caám to forbid; nghieâm caám to prohibit categorically caám chæ v. to prohibit, to forbid caám coá v. to detain caám ñòa n. forbidden area caám ñoaùn v. to interdict; to prevent arbitrarily caám vaän v. to sanction, to embargo caàm 1 v. to hold, to take hold of; to retain; R to capture: caàm baét to arrest; giam caàm to detain; caàm maùu to stop bleeding; caàm ñöôïc nöôùc maét to hold back tears; caàm ñaàu to lead; nhaø caàm quyeàn the authorities; caàm laáy to take 2 v. to pawn: tieäm caàm ñoà pawnshop 3 n. R lute, guitar, musical instrument (= ñaøn): döông caàm piano; khaåu caàm harmonica; phong caàm organ; vó caàm violin; luïc huyeàn caàm, taây ban caàm [Spanish] guitar; 21 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH caàm baèng caän short-sighted, to be shallow; laân caän to be neighboring; thaân caän to be close, intimate caän ñaïi n., adj. modern times; modern Haï uy caàm Hawaiian guitar caàm baèng v., adv. to consider as; as if caàm caäp v. to tremble like a leaf; to clatter: run caàm caäp to shiver with teeth clattering caän ñieåm n. punctum proximum: thaùng caän ñieåm anomalistic month caàm chaéc v. to be sure; to hold something for caän kim n. see caän ñaïi caàm chöøng v., adv. to take one’s time, to take caän söû n. modern history it easy; half-heartedly, perfunctorily: laøm vieäc caän thò adj. short-sighted caàm chöøng to work perfunctorily caän veä n. imperial guard, bodyguard caàm cöï v. to resist; to contend caáp 1 v. to grant, to bestow, to confer: caáp giaáy pheùp to issue a permit; cung caáp to supply; caàm hôi v. to survive; to maintain enough for certain trôï caáp to subsidize 2 n. level, step; rank, degree, grade: baèng caáp diploma, degree; haï caáp lower echelon; thöôïng caáp higher echcar; caàm laùi con thuyeàn to steer/pilot a boat elon; sô caáp primary level; trung caáp intercaàm loøng v. to keep back emotions; to hold back one’s feeling mediate level; cao caáp advanced level, high caàm quyeàn v. to be in power, to hold power ranking; giai caáp xaõ hoäi social class caàm thuù n. animals caáp baùch adj. urgent, pressing: nhöõng ñoøi hoûi caåm 1 n. police officer: oâng caåm police officer; caáp baùch urgent needs, urgent requirements sôû caåm police precinct 2 n. R brocade (= caáp baùo v. to notify immediately gaám); R to be elegant, flowery: caåm baøo bro- caáp baäc n. grade, class, rank living caàm laùi v. to drive: caàm laùi xe hôi to drive a caáp cöùu v. to give emergency aid/first aid [to]: cade court robe caåm thaïch n. marble caân 1 v. to weigh; to equal, to balance, to scale 2 n. maùy caân weighing machine; caân ta Vietnamese pound, catty; caân Taây French kilogram; leân caân to gain weight; xuoáng caân to lose weight; suït caân to lose weight; ñoøn caân maäu dòch balance of trade; ñoøn caân löïc löôïng balance of power 3 adj. balanced caân ñoái adj. well-proportioned caân naõo n. nerves and brain: chieán tranh caân naõo war of nerves caân nhaéc v. to consider carefully; to weigh [pros and cons] caàn 1 v. to be needed, to be urgent, to want: caàn kíp, caàn caáp to be urgent; caàn thieát necessary, essential; caàn ñeán, caàn duøng to need, to want; toâi khoâng caàn I don’t care, I don’t need, I don’t want 2 n. pole, rod: caàn caâu fishing rod 3 n. water parsnip: rau caàn celery caàn cuø adj. (= caàn maãn) industrious, hardworking caàn kieäm adj. thrifty caàn lao adj. laborious: giao caáp caàn lao labor classes caàn thieát adj. essential, needed, wanted caån 1 adj. R cautious, careful: caån thaän be careful; kính caån respectful; baát caån careless 2 v. to inlay, to incrust (= khaûm) caån thaän adj. careful, cautious, attentive caän adj. R to be near (= gaàn, opp. vieãn): thieån caáp cöùu ngöôøi bò naïn to give emergency aid to injured people caáp döôõng v. to provide relief for caáp phaùt v. to issue, to supply: caáp phaùt vaên baèng to issue a certificate caáp soá n. progression [math.]: caáp soá coäng arithmetic progression; caáp soá nhaân geometric progression caáp tieán adj. progressive, reformed: Ñaûng Xaõ Hoäi Caáp Tieán the Radical Socialist Party caáp toác adv., adj. swiftly, urgently; urgent; intensive: lôùp huaán luyeän caáp toác intensive, short training course caäp v. to land, to reach, to come up to (= ñeán, tôùi) caát 1 v. to put away, to hide; to lift, to build [house, school, factory]; [of horse] to rear; to buy wholesale: caát haøng to buy goods; caát tieáng to raise one’s voice 2 v. to distill: caát röôïu to distill rice spirit caät n. [SV thaän] kidney caät vaán v. to interrogate, to investigate caâu 1 n. [SV cuù] phrase, expression, sentence, clause, proposition: ñaët caâu to construct a sentence; caâu chuyeän story, conversation; caâu noùi utterance, sentence; caâu thô line of verse 2 v. to fish: caàn caâu fishing rod; löôõi caâu fishhook; ñi caâu to go fishing; caâu khaùch to try to attract customers caâu chuyeän n. story, talk 22 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH caâu ñoá n. riddle caâu ñoái n. parallel sentences caâu laïc boä n. [social] club: caâu laïc boä boùng baøn table-tennis club caâu caâu caâu caáu caáu löu v. to detain neä v. to stick too much to the formalities thuùc v. to bind, to hold, to restrain chaø xaùt caàu vieän v. to request for aid, to seek reinforcements caàu voøng n. rainbow caåu thaû adj. negligent, careless, sloppy caäu n. mother’s younger brother: caäu hoï moth- er’s male cousin; anh/chò em con coâ con caäu first cousins [A calls B’s mother coâ, and B calls v. to pinch, to claw, to nip off A’s father caäu] taïo v. to create, to engender, to build, to caây 1 n. plant, tree [name of species follows]: troàng caây to plant a tree; töôùi caây to water structure; to design caáu thaønh v. to form, to complete, to compose, plants; xeùn caây to trim; chieát caây to graft; to make up chaët/ñaün/ñoán to fell/cut down trees; leo/treøo caáu truùc n. structure caây to climb a tree; vöôøn öông caây nursery; caáu xeù v. to tear, to claw and tear caây aên quaû/caây aên traùi fruit tree; caây con sapling; caây Noâ-en Christmas tree; caây caûnh caàu 1 n. [SV kieàu] bridge: caàu voàng rainbow; dwarf tree; boùng caây tree shade; caønh caây caàu thang staircase 2 n. shuttlecock; R ball (= boùng): baùn caàu hemisphere; ñòa caàu the branch; laù caây leaf; goác caây foot of a tree, earth, globe; hoaøn caàu the world; khinh khí stump; thaân caây tree trunk; ngoïn caây tree caàu balloon, dirigible; tuùc caàu football, soctop; reã caây tree root; voû caây tree bark; caây nhaø laù vöôøn home-grown, home-made 2 n. cer; nhôõn caàu eyeball 3 v. to seek (= tìm), to request (= xin), to pray: yeâu caàu to request CL for objects shaped like sticks; wood (= goã): caàu an v. to pray for peace and safety moät caây neán a candle; moät caây rôm a stack caàu bô caàu baát adj. vagrant, homeless of straw; nhaø caây wooden house; cho leo caây caàu caïnh v. to request a favor; to entreat to keep [somebody] waiting in vain favors of caây boâng n. flower trees; fireworks caàu chì n. fuse caây buùt n. writer caàu chuùc v. to wish: caàu chuùc moät naêm môùi caây coái n. trees, vegetation an laønh, haïnh phuùc to wish you a happy and caây soá n. milestone; kilometer peaceful New Year caáy v. to transplant [rice seedlings] caàu coáng n. bridges and locks: kyõ sö caàu caày caáy v. to till, to cultivate, to farm [land] coáng civil engineer caày 1 v. (= caøy) to plow: caày ruoäng to plow caàu cöùu v. to ask for help fields; löôõi caày ploughshare 2 n. dog (= choù): caàu hoân v. to ask for an engagement leã caàu thòt caày dog meat; ngu nhö caày very stupid; hoân requiem mass caày höông civet cat caàu kinh v. to pray caäy v. to depend on, to rely on caàu khaån v. to beg, to plead, to entreat cha n. [SV phu] father; [Catholic] father, I [used caàu kyø adj. far-fetched, sophisticated by father to child, second person pronoun caàu loâng n. badminton being con], you [used by child to father, first caàu may v. to try one’s luck person pronoun being con]; you [used by caàu nguyeän v. to pray Catholic priest]: cha naøo con aáy like father like caàu sieâu v. to pray for the peace of someone’s son; cha meï parents; Ñöùc cha Monsignor; thaèng cha guy, fellow; cha chuù [slang] to be soul great, terrific; cha truyeàn con noái hereditary; caàu thuû n. player, football player: caàu thuû boùng ñaù soccer player anh em cuøng cha khaùc meï half-brothers; chò em cuøng cha khaùc meï half-sisters caàu tieâu n. toilet, restroom, water-closet [WC]: caàu tieâu nam gents [toilet]; caàu tieâu nöõ cha anh n. elders cha coá n. Catholic priests, clergymen ladies [toilet] caàu treo n. suspension bridge cha xöù n. vicar, local priest caàu tröôït n. children’s slide chaø intj. Oh! [exclamation of surprise or admiration]: UÙi chaø! Well, Well! caàu vai n. shoulder-strap: ñeo caáp hieäu ôû caàu vai to wear a brooch on one’s shoulderchaø laø n. date palm: traùi chaø laø date nuts strap chaø xaùt v. to rub, to crush 23 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chaû chuyeän chaùn ngaét a very dull story chaû 1 n. meat pie or ham: gioø chaû pork pies/ ham 2 adv. not to be, not to do (= chaúng, khoâng) chaû gioø n. Saigon spring rolls chaï adj. mixed, mingled: soáng chung chaï to chaùn pheø adj. dull, monotonous, colorless chaùn vaïn adj. many, a great many, a lot chaïn n. screened larder, cupboard chang chang adj. [of sunlight] hot and blazing chaøng 1 n. young man; you [from wife to live with other people chaïc 1 n. bamboo plaited cord 2 v. to borrow to eat; to buy without paying: aên chaïc böõa côm to sponge a meal from somebody chaïch n. small and long eel: ñi baét chaïch to catch eels chai 1 n. bottle: ñoùng chai to bottle; chai lôùn large bottle; chai con small bottle; nuùt chai cork 2 n., adj. callus; callosity; corn: chai chaân callus, callosity; to be callous chaøi 1 n. fishing net: keùo chaøi to draw a fishing net 2 v. to fish with a fishing net: daân chaøi löôùi fishermen; thuyeàn chaøi fishing boat; phöôøng chaøi fishermen [as a guild] chaûi v. to comb, to brush: chaûi toùc to comb hair; baøn chaûi brush; baøn chaûi ñaùnh raêng toothbrush; baøn chaûi quaàn aùo clothes brush; baøn chaûi toùc hairbrush chaûi chuoát v., adj. spruced up; well-groomed, meticulous [about dressing, writing]: aên maëc chaûi chuoát to be well-groomed chaøm 1 n. olive CL quaû: hình quaû/mieáng chaøm lozenge; diamond 2 n. Champa, Cham 3 adj. indigo, dark blue; indigo dye chaïm 1 v. to carve, to sculpt: thôï chaïm sculptor 2 v. to touch, to encounter, to collide [vaøo, phaûi against], to clink [glasses coác]: leã chaïm maët/leã chaïm ngoõ pre-engagement ceremony; chaïm traùn to confront, to meet face to face chan v. to souse, to overflow: chan canh to pour/souse soup on the rice chan hoaø adj. dampened, soaked, bathed in chaùn 1 adj. sufficient, be [sick and] tired of, fed up with [followed by noun or preceded by verb]; boring, dull, tedious, tiresome; chaùn xi neâ to be tired of movies 2 v. to have no lack of, to have plenty of; to be tired of, to be sick of chaùn cheâ adj. satiated; plentiful, to have more than enough chaùn chöôøng v., adj. to be tired of [person, regime]; to be embittered chaùn ñôøi v. to be tired of the world, to be tired of living chaùn naûn v. to be discouraged, to be disheartened chaùn ngaùn v. to be [sick and] tired of chaùn ngaét adj. very dull, wearisome: caâu husband; first person pronoun being thieáp]: chaøng reã son-in-law; anh chaøng the fellow, the chap, the guy, the lad; chaøng vaø naøng he and she; moät chaøng thanh nieân a young man 2 n. chisel chaïng haùng v., adj. to straddle; straddling chaïng vaïng n., adj. twilight, dusk chanh n. lemon, lime: nöôùc chanh lemon or lime juice; lemonade, limeade; chua nhö chanh sour as lemon chanh chua adj. sharp-tongued, tart, sour chaùnh n. (= chính) chief, head: moät oâng chaùnh vaø hai oâng phoù one chief and two deputies chaùnh aùn n. presiding judge, tribunal president chaùnh chuû khaûo n. chairman of examination board chaùnh söï vuï n. division chief chaùnh toång n. canton chief chaùnh vaên phoøng n. chief of the secretariat chaïnh v. to be affected, to be moved chao 1 n. soybean paste 2 n. lamp-shade chao oâi! intj. Alas! Oh dear! chaùo n. [SV chuùc] rice gruel, congee: chaùo hoa plain rice congee; côm haøng chaùo chôï to eat at the restaurant or at the market; to be around without a home; thuoäc nhö chaùo to know by heart chaøo v. to greet, to salute: chaøo khaùch to greet customers; chaøo ñôøi to be born; chaøo haøng to try to sell merchandise; caâu chaøo greeting; Chaøo oâng [or baø, anh, etc.] Good morning; Good afternoon; Good evening; baén hai möôi moát phaùt suùng chaøo to fire a 21-gun salute chaøo ñoùn v. to welcome, to greet chaøo maøo n. peewit, lapwing: muõ chaøo maøo forage cap chaøo möøng v. to welcome, to extend a welcome: Chaøo möøng quí khaùch ñeán Vieät Nam. Welcome to Vietnam. chaûo n. frying pan [shaped like a skullcap] chaõo n. rope, cable chaïo toâm n. sugar-cane wrapped with minced prawn 24 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chaúng haïn be hard-working; chaêm hoïc to be studious thaùng chaïp December; gioã chaïp festivals 2 v. to look after diligently; to take care of chaùt 1 adj. tart, strong, acrid: chua chaùt [of chaêm boùn v. to cultivate chaïp n. the twelfth month of the lunar year: words] bitter chaêm chuù adj. concentrated, attentive chaêm lo v. to give one’s mind to something, to 2 n. thump, slang chau v. to frown, to knit: chau maøy to frown [eyebrows] chaùu n. [SV toân] grandchild, nephew, niece: take care of chaùu noäi son’s child; chaùu ngoaïi daughter’s child; con chaùu offspring; chaùu gaùi granddaughter, niece; chaùu giai/trai grandson, nephew chay adj. [SV trai] vegetarian, diet: aên chay to be vegetarian; laøm chay to conduct an expiatory mass chay tònh adj., n. pure, chaste; diet chaùy v. to blaze, to burn in a conflagration: ñoát chaùy nhaø to set blaze to a house; côm chaùy burnt rice at the bottom of the pot (= xeùm); moät ñaùm chaùy a fire; ñoát chaùy to set fire to; chöõa chaùy to put out a fire; Chaùy! Fire! chaûy v. [SV löu] to run, to flow; [of metals] to melt; [of fabrics] to stretch; [of container] to leak: troâi chaûy [of speech, operation] to run smoothly; deã chaûy fusible; chaûy maùu cam to have a nosebleed chaïy 1 v. [of people, vehicles, ships] to run; [of clock, machine] to run; [of goods] to sell well; [of work] to get done: chaïy loaïn/giaëc to flee the war; maùy chaïy thoâng ca the machines run throughout the shifts; chaïy tieàn to seek money; chaïy choït to bribe; ngöôøi chaïy giaáy messenger 2 v. to give up, to pass 3 adj. doing well, smoothly running: saùch baùn chaïy nhaát best seller; chaïy nhö toâm töôi to sell like hot cakes chaïy choï choït v. to solicit chaïy chöõa v. to treat one’s best, to treat with all means chaïy ñua v. to race: chaïy ñua vôùi thôøi gian to race against time chaïy laøng v. to run away, to give up the game chaïy soâ soâ v. to run for shows chaéc adj. firmly based, firm, certain, sure: chaéc buïng to feel sure; chaéc daï to be full; chaéc yù certain ideas chaéc chaén 1 adj. to be firm, stable, steady; certain; reliable: choïn ngöôøi chaéc chaén ñeå laøm vieäc to choose a reliable person to take over the job 2 adv. definitely chaéc haún adv. surely, certainly chaêm 1 adj. [SV caàn] assiduous; to be hardworking, industrious: chaêm chæ laøm vieäc to chaêm nom v. to look after, to take care of chaên 1 n. (= meàn) blanket: ñaép chaên to cover oneself with a blanket; chaên boâng quilted blanket; chaên daï/len woolen blanket; chaên ñieän electric blanket; truøm chaên to be a fence sitter 2 v. to tend [animals]: thaèng beù chaên traâu buffalo boy; ngheà chaên nuoâi cattle raising, animal husbandry chaên chieáu v. to live as husband and wife; to make love; blanket and mat chaên goái v, n.. to make love; to live as husband and wife; blanket and pillow chaên nuoâi v. to breed, to raise: chaên nuoâi heo gaø to breed pigs and poultry chaén 1 v. to stop, to bar: caùi chaén buøn mudguard; kính chaén gioù windshield; chaén nöôùc chaûy laïi to stop water running 2 n. [sort of] card game chaün adj. [SV ngaàu] [of a number, amount] even [opp. leû]: soá chaün even number; moät nghìn ñoàng baïc chaün just one thousand piastres, an even thousand chaën v. to stop, to block: laáy gheá chaën cöûa laïi to block the door with a chair; caùi chaën giaáy paper weight; chaën ñöùng to stop, to hold up chaêng 1 v. to stretch [string, rope], to spread [net löôùi], to hang: chaêng daây to stretch a rope; chaêng maøn muoãi to hang a mosquito net 2 adv. [final particle denoting doubt] it seems to me, I presume, I suspect: phaûi chaêng [of price] to be reasonable; vaû chaêng besides chaèng v. to tie up; to use [somebody else’s money, belongings]; to fasten: chaèng goùi haøng laïi to tie up the parcel; khoâng chaèng khoâng reã without family ties chaèng chòt adj. interlaced, intertwined chaúng adv. (= khoâng, chaû) [SV baát] not to be, not to do [precedes main verb]: cöïc chaúng ñaõ to be against one’s will chaúng bao giôø adv. never chaúng bao laâu adv. soon chaúng boõ adv. not to be worthwhile chaúng cöù adv. not necessarily, not only chaúng haïn adv. for example, as an example, 25 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chaúng qua gaãy chaân to break one’s leg; queø chaân to be lame; baøn chaân foot; ngoùn chaân toe; baép speaking chaân calf; coå chaân ankle; goùt chaân heel; chaúng thaø adv. It would be better, it would be moùng chaân toenail; coù chaân (trong) to be preferable a member [of]; ba chaân boán caúng to run at chaëng n. stage, leg [of trip]; portion, section; full tilt; chaân nuùi foot of a mountain; ñi chaân range [of mountains] to go on foot; ñi chaân khoâng to go barefoot; chaép v. to join, to assemble: chaép tay to clasp chaân laám tay buøn to foil hard; loã chaân loâng hands: chaép noái to connect, to assemble, to pore; chaân trôøi horizon; chaân vòt propeller; kieàng ba chaân tripod [used for cooking stove] join; chaép nhaët to scrape together; chaép vaù to patch up 2 adj. R right, true, sincere (= thaät, thöïc) [opp. chaét 1 n. great-grandchild: chaùu chaét offspring giaû]: chaân chính true, genuine, legitimate 2 v. to drain off, to decant chaân dung n. portrait: veõ chaân dung to paint chaét boùp v. to be thrifty, to deny oneself [in a portrait terms of money] chaân giaù trò n. true value/worth chaët 1 v. to cut off, to amputate, to chop: chaân lyù n. truth: tìm chaân lyù cho cuoäc soáng chaët xuoáng to cut down; chaët coå/chaët ñaàu to find the truth in life chaân taøi n. real talent to behead 2 adj. tight: chaët cheõ tightly; thaét chaët tình höõu nghò giöõa hai nöôùc to enhance chaân tay n. limbs; follower, henchman: ngöôøi lao ñoäng chaân tay laborers the friendship between the two countries; buoäc chaët to tie securely; ñoùng chaët to shut chaân thaønh adj. sincere, honest: chaân thaønh tight; ñaäy chaët to close tight [with a lid] caûm ôn sincere thanks chaâm 1 v. to light, to kindle, to ignite, to burn: chaân thaät adj. honest, frank chaâm beáp to ignite a stove; chaâm thuoác chaân tình n., adj. sincerity, heartfelt feelings; very sincere: lôøi noùi chaân tình a heartfelt huùt to light a cigarette 2 v. to pin, to needle: chaâm kim vaøo tay to poke a needle into a statement finger chaân trôøi n. horizon chaâm bieám v. to attack, to ridicule, to satirize chaân töôùng n. true face, true identity chaâm cheá v. (= chaâm chöôùc) to adjust, to chaân öôùt chaân raùo adj. to be newly arrived chaán v. R to shake; to vibrate: chaán ñoäng to be tolerant shake up; ñòa chaán earthquake chaâm chích v. to criticize chaâm choïc v. to tease chaán chænh v. to reorganize, to improve, to revamp chaâm chöôùc v. to be tolerant, to adjust chaâm cöùu n., v. acupuncture: ñieàu trò baèng chaán höng v. to develop, to restore, to improve chaâm cöùu to treat by acupuncture chaán song n. bar; block: chaán song cöûa soå a window bar chaâm ngoân n. saying, precept chaám 1 n. [SV ñieåm] dot, point, period: daáu chaán thöông n. trauma, injured chaám period; hai chaám colon; chaám phaåy chaàn v. to parboil, to blanch, to scald, to pour semicolon 2 v. to put a dot, to select; to corboiling water on: chaàn mì aên to scald noodles chaàn chöø adj. hesitant, undecided: ñi ngay rect, to grade, to mark: chaám baøi thi to mark khoâng neân chaàn chöø to go straight in without examination papers 3 v. to reach; to dip: chaám nöôùc maém to dip food in fish-sauce hesitation chaàm chaäm adv. slowly: ñi chaàm chaäm to chaån v. R to examine, to treat [medically]: chaån beänh to treat an illness go slowly chaäm adj. [SV trì] slow, halting chaån beänh v. to diagnose, to examine, to treat an illness chaäm chaïp adj. [opp. nhanh] slow, late [opp. sôùm]: ñeán chaäm to be late, to arrive late; chaån ñoaùn v. to diagnose, to treat an illness chaäm trí khoân slow-witted chaån maïch v. to feel the pulse, to check the chaäm raõi adj. [of speech] slow and poised nerves chaäm tieán adj. underdeveloped, backward chaån teá v. to bring relief to the needy chaäm treã adj. late, tardy chaän v. to stop, to block; to obstruct: chaän laïi/ chaän ñöùng to stop, to block chaân 1 n. [SV tuùc] foot, leg [= caúng]; base: for instance, namely chaúng qua adv. only, just, at most; actually 26 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH cheâ chaáp 1 v. to reproach, to bear a grudge; to give chaàu giôøi/trôøi v. to die, to pass away as an advantage 2 v. R to hold; to approve chaàu Phaät v. to die, to pass away [application ñôn], R to manage, to execute; to chaàu rìa adj. idle: ngoài chaàu rìa to sit by and accept watch [a game] chaáp chính v. to assume governmental powers chaäu n. [SV boàn] wash basin, washbowl, pot: chaáp haønh v., adj. to execute; executive: uûy chaäu röûa maët wash basin ban chaáp haønh executive committee chaáy 1 n. head louse; [cf. raän]: beänh chaáy raän typhus 2 v. to grill and ground: thòt chaáy chaáp nhaän v. to accept, to approve, to admit grilled and grounded meat chaáp nhaát v. to be full of grudges, to resent chaáp thuaän v. to accept, to agree to chaày 1 n. pestle 2 adj. late, tardy: chaúng choùng thì chaày sooner or later chaäp 1 v. to join, to bring together, to fasten together 2 adj. moment, instant: chaäp toái at che v. to cover, to hide, to shelter; to get pronightfall; chaäp chaø chaäp chöõng unstable chaäp choaïng adv., adj., n. imperfectly; unsteady; twilight chaäp chôøn v. to be flickering: nguû chaäp chôøn to be not quite asleep chaäp chöõng adj. [of child] toddling chaát 1 n. matter, material, substance; R dispo- sition: chaát loûng liquid; chaát ñaëc solid; chaát khí gas; chaát noå explosive; chaát saét pigment; tính chaát nature; vaät chaát matter, material; tö chaát character, aptitude; khoaùng chaát mineral; luïc dieäp chaát chlorophyll; ñòa chaát hoïc geology 2 v. to pile up, to heap up: chaát ñoáng to pile up chaát löôïng n. quality: kieåm soaùt chaát löôïng saõn phaåm to control the quality of products chaát phaùc adj. sincere, simple-mannered chaát vaán v. to question, to investigate; to examine: chaát vaán ai trong buoåi hoïp to question someone at the meeting chaät adj. narrow; [of clothing] tight [opp. roäng] chaät ních v. to be overcrowded chaät vaät adj. [of life] hard, difficult: laøm vieäc chaät vaät quaù to work hard for a living chaâu 1 n. administrative unit in the highlands 2 v. to converge, to huddle together: chaâu ñaàu laïi noùi chuyeän to huddle together for talking 3 n. continent: chaâu AÙ Asia; chaâu AÂu Europe; chaâu Phi Africa; chaâu Myõ America; naêm chaâu the five continents; UÙc chaâu Australia chaâu baùu n. precious things, valuables chaâu chaáu n. grasshopper chaâu thaønh n. city chaâu thoå n. delta: chaâu thoå soâng Cöûu long Mekong River delta chaàu 1 v. to attend court: phieân chaàu imperial audience; saân chaàu court [in front of throne] 2 n. party, round: Baïn toâi ñaõi toâi moät chaàu bia chaàu chöïc v. to wait to see somebody [a V.I.P.] tection, to take shelter: che oâ/duø to be under an umbrella che chôû v. to protect che ñaäy v. to cover up, to conceal cheø 1 n. [SV traø] tea [both the leaves and the beverage]: nöôùc cheø tea [the beverage]; aám/ bình cheø teapot; boä ñoà cheø tea set; pha cheø to make tea; röôïu cheø alcohol; to be a tea drinker; cheø haït/hoät/nuï tea buds; cheø töôi/ xanh green tea; cheø (öôùp) sen lotus tea; cheø hoa nhaøi jasmine tea 2 n. pudding, custard, dessert dish using such ingredients as soybeans, sugar, peas, lotus seeds, etc. cheû v. to split, to chop [wood] cheùm v. [SV traûm] to cut, to chop; to behead: cheùm coå/cheùm ñaàu to cut off someone’s head; maùy cheùm guillotine chen v. to creep in; to elbow one’s way through a crowd: chen chuùc to jostle cheùn n. [SV boâi] cup (= taùch), eating bowl (= baùt): ñaùnh cheùn/caïn cheùn to empty one’s cup [of wine] cheøn v. to chock [wheel, etc.]; to force [opponent, cyclist, motorist] out of his path cheo n. betrothal, engagement fee: noäp cheo to pay the engagement fee cheo leo adj. perched way up high cheùo adj. slanted, tilted, diagonal cheøo 1 v. to row [boat, oar]; to paddle: cheøo thuyeàn to row a boat 2 n. comedy, farce cheùp 1 v. to copy, to transcribe, to note down, to write down: ghi cheùp to note down 2 v. to smack: cheùp mieäng to smack one’s mouth cheùt v. (= treùt) to fill [crack, hole] cheït v. to crush, to run over; to be strangled, to be crushed in between: cheát cheït to be run over; to be caught between two fires cheâ v. to belittle, to spurn, to criticize, to scorn, to find fault with [opp. khen]: cheâ cöôøi to laugh at, to mock 27 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH cheâ bai cheâ bai v. to criticize, to scorn cheâ cöôøi v. to laugh at, to mock cheá 1 v. to jeer, to mock: cheá baùc to scoff [at]; cheá rieãu to mock at 2 v. to manufacture; to process: baøo cheá to prepare drugs; saùng cheá to invent; cheá bieán thöùc aên to process food 3 v. R system; R to moderate, to limit, to control: haïn cheá to limit; tieát cheá to control; phaùp cheá legislation; binh cheá military system; hoïc cheá educational system cheá bieán v. to process cheá duïc v. to restrain one’s desire cheá ñònh v. to determine, to decide cheá ñoä n. system, regime, -ism: cheá ñoä quaân chuû monarchy; cheá ñoä tieàn teä monetary system; cheá ñoä thueá maù tax system; cheá ñoä khoa cöû examination system cheá ngöï v. to control, to restrain, to bridle cheá nhaïo v. to mock, to jeer cheá phuïc n. uniform; mourning clothes cheá taùc v. to create, to invent cheá taïo v. to manufacture, to make: nhaø cheá taïo manufacturer cheách adj. tilted, slanting cheâm v. to wedge; to add: noùi cheâm vaøo to break in cheãm cheä adj. sitting in a solemn, haughty manner cheânh adj. tilted, slanting; very different cheânh cheách adj. oblique, tilted, slanted cheânh leäch adj., n. uneven, unequal; different; at variance cheánh choaùng adj. tipsy, groggy, tight cheånh maûng adj., v. to be negligent, be neglectful; to neglect cheát v., adv. [SV töû] to die; [of timepiece, machine] to stop; extremely, awfully [follows main verb]: xaùc cheát corpse; gieát cheát to kill; ñaùnh cheát to beat to death; caùi cheát cuûa oâng aáy his death; cheát vì to die of, to die from, to die for; ñaâm cheát to stab to death; caén cheát to bite, to sting to death; Cheát chöa! Cheát Chöûa! Oh, my gosh! cheát cha intj. Oh my god!: cheát cha! Laøm sao baây giôø! Oh! Damn it! What to do now? cheát dôû v. to be between life and death, to have [financial] trouble cheát ñieáng v. to be half dead [because of pain, shock] cheát ñoùi v. to starve to death cheát ñuoái v. to be drowned cheát giaác v. to lose consciousness, to swoon cheát huït v. to escape death [very narrowly] cheát (meâ cheát) meät v. to be madly in love with cheát ngaït v. to be asphyxiated, to be suffocated cheát ngaát v. to swoon, to faint, to be unconscious cheát non v. (= cheát yeåu) to die young cheát oan v. to die because of someone’s injustice or error, to die innocently cheát soáng n., adv. life and death; at any cost, in any case, in any event cheát toi v. to die of a contagious disease, to die in an epidemic cheát töôi v. to die on the spot, to die in one’s boots cheát yeåu v. to die young cheät n. Chinese chi 1 pron. (= gì) What?; something, anything, everything: khoâng can chi it doesn’t matter; heøn chi no wonder; huoáng chi all the more reason, especially when; phöông chi all the more reason; vò chi …. that makes ... 2 n. R branch (= caønh); limb: töù chi the four limbs 3 v. to pay, to disburse, to spend [opp. thu] out: taêng thu giaûm chi to increase the income and to cut the spending boä n. cell of a political party caáp v. to allot, to grant, to provide chít adj. thickly set; all over, condensed cuïc n. branch office duïng v. to pay, to spend ñoäi n. detachment [army] hoäi n. branch of association/society li adj. to be stingy; particular nhaùnh n. branch office phí n. expenses, expenditures: chi phí aên ôû living expenses chi phieáu n. check chi phoái v. to control, to govern, to rule chi thu n. expenditures and receipts chi tieát n. detail: ñaày ñuû chi tieát fully detailed, in full detail chi tieâu v. to spend chí 1 n. will, resolution: yù chí ambition, aim; chí khí, chí höôùng purpose in life; ñoàng chí comrade; khoaùi chí to be happy; baát ñaéc chí to be discontent; thieän chí goodwill 2 v. R to arrive, to each (= ñeán, tôùi); to, until: töø baéc chí nam from the north to the south; töø ñaàu chí cuoái from beginning to end; töï coå chí kim from ancient times; laøm chí cheát to work very hard 3 adv. R very, quite, most: chí phaûi quite right; chí hieáu very pious; chí lyù quite right; chí cheát/chí töû [slang] to the utmost, chi chi chi chi chi chi chi chi chi chi 28 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chieám ñoùng to death 4 n. head louse 5 n. R magazine, newspaper: baùo chí press; taïp chí magazine, journal chí choùe v. to quarrel, to argue noisily chí höôùng n. ambition, aim, purpose in life chí khí n. will, purpose, integrity chí lyù adj. most reasonable chí nguyeän n. volunteer chí só n. retired mandarin; strong-willed scholar chí thuù adj. serious, interested in chì n. lead: buùt chì pencil; caàu chì fuse chæ 1 v. (= ngoùn tay) to show, to point out, to indicate: chæ ñöôøng to show the way, to direct traffic; chæ baûo to teach, to guide 2 adv. only, merely, simply, but [thoâi or maø thoâi ending the sentence]; R to stop: ñình chæ to cease, to stop; caám chæ to forbid 3 n. thread, string: sôïi chæ a string of thread; cuoän chæ a roll of thread; chæ tay line on palm; kim chæ needle and thread, needlework; xem chæ tay to read palms chæ daãn v. to explain, to inform, to guide chæ ñaïo v. to manage, to guide, to steer; uyû ban chæ ñaïo steering committee chæ ñònh v. to designate, to appoint chæ giaùo v. [of superior, teacher] to show, to teach, to advise chæ huy v. to command, to control: boä chæ huy commanding headquarter chæ nam n. compass: kim chæ nam guide book, handbook chæ soá n. index chæ teä n. paper money chæ thò n., v. instruction; to instruct, to direct chæ thieân v. pointing to heaven: baén chæ thieân to shoot into the air chæ trích v. to criticize chò n. [SV tæ] elder sister: chò ruoät blood sister; you [used to refer to an elder sister by a younger sibling, first person pronoun being em]; I [used to refer to a younger sibling by an elder sister, second person pronoun being em], you [to young women, first person pronoun being toâi]; chò aáy she; chò ta Mrs; chò daâu one’s elder brother’s wife, sister-in-law; chò hoï female cousin; hai chò em baø Chaân Mrs. Chan and her older sister; Mrs. Chan and her younger brother [or sister]; hai chò em oâng Lai Mr. Lai and his older sister; chò Haèng the moon; chò hai maid chia v. [SV phaân] to be divided; to divide [laøm into], to separate, to share/distribute: chia ñoâi/hai to divide in two; chia ba to divide in three; phaân chia/chia caét to divide chia buoàn v. to share the sorrow [vôùi of], to present one’s condolences; to convey sympathy to chia lìa v. to separate, to leave chia phoâi v. to separate chia reõ v. to divide [a group of people], to split chia tay v. to part, to say goodbye, to bid farewell chia uyeân reõ thuyù v. to separate two persons in love chia xeû v. to share [vôùi with] chìa v. to hold out [RV ra]: chìa tay ra to hold out a hand chìa khoaù n. key: chìa khoaù xe car key chìa voâi n. spatula-like stick used to spread lime on a betel leaf: chim chìa voâi wagtail chæa n. pitchfork, fork chóa v. to point: chóa suùng vaøo ngöôøi to point the gun at the body chích v. to prick, to draw [blood maùu, huyeát]; to give an injection (= tieâm): chích thuoác to give or to get injections chích choøe n. blackbird, magpie-robin chieác 1 n. general meaning of a unit of something: moät chieác xe a car; chieác thuyeàn/taøu a boat; moät chieác giaøy a shoe; moät chieác bít taát a sock; moät chieác ñuõa a chopstick; moät chieác hoa tai an earring; chieác (giaøy) beân traùi the left one [shoe] 2 adj. R alone, single: ñôn chieác alone; chaên ñôn goái chieác single chieâm 1 adj. [of (rice) harvest] fifth lunar month: luaù chieâm summer rice 2 v. R to look up [to], to admire; to observe chieâm bao v. to dream [thaáy of]; dream CL giaác [with naèm to have]: naèm thaáy giaác chieâm bao to have a dream chieâm nghieäm v. to experiment chieâm ngöôõng v. to revere, to worship, to admire: chieâm ngöôõng moät böùc töôïng to admire a statue Chieâm Thaønh n. Champa chieâm tinh hoïc n. astrology chieám v. to seize [territory], to usurp [throne ngoâi]; to win [prize giaûi]; to occupy [house nhaø, territory] chieám cöù v. to occupy forcibly, to take possession of chieám ñoaït v. to appropriate, to usurp chieám ñoùng v. to occupy [enemy’s territory] 29 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chieám giöõ chieám giöõ v. to appropriate; to withhold chieát tính v. to prepare the detailed statement of account chieám höõu v. to possess, to own chieân 1 v. to fry (= raùn): chieân côm to fry rice chieát trung adj. happy medium; eclectic 2 n. sheep (= cöøu): con chieân the faithful, the chieâu v. R to welcome: R to advertise, to announce, to proclaim: chieâu hieàn ñaõi só to welcome educated scholars, to recruit talents world war; tuyeân chieán to declare war; ñình chieâu baøi n. signboard, label, hint [statement] chieán armistice; hieáu chieán warlike; huyeát chieâu ñaõi v. to receive, to entertain chieán bloody battle; khaùng chieán resistance chieâu ñaõi vieân n. hostess, steward/steward2 adj. [slang] very good, luxury, terrific, smart: ess: chieâu ñaõi vieân haøng khoâng Vieät Nam Vietnam Airline steward/stewardess xe chieán luxury car chieán baïi adj. vanquished chieâu hoài v. to open arms to the enemy, to welchieán binh n. fighter, soldier: cöïu chieán binh come a surrendered enemy chieâu moä v. to recruit, to enlist: chieâu moä veteran binh lính to recruit soldiers chieán coâng n. feat of arms, victory chieán cuï n. war materials chieâu sinh v. to enroll students chieán cuoäc n. war situation chieáu 1 n. [SV tòch] straw mat for sleeping: chieán dòch n. campaign, operation [with môû chieác chieáu a straw mat; ñoâi chieáu a pair of to launch]: chieán dòch choáng naïn muø chöõ straw mats; giaûi/traûi chieáu to spread a straw anti-illiteracy campaign; chieán dòch choáng mat, to roll out of the mat; cuoän chieáu to roll naïn huùt thuoác anti-smoking campaign up the mat; chaên chieáu to live as husband chieán ñaáu v. to fight, to struggle and wife 2 v. to shine; to project [pictures], chieán ñòa n. battlefield to project a point on a plane: raïp chieáu boùng chieán haïm n. battleship, warship movie theater; chieáu ñieän to X-ray; phaûn chieáu to reflect 3 n. R permit, document; chieán haøo n. fighting trench chieán höõu n. comrade-in-arms imperial order chieán khu n. war zone, military base chieáu coá v. to care, to patronize; to take care chieán lôïi phaåm n. war booty of, to pay attention to chieán luõy n. fortifications, military line/base chieáu khaùn n. visa [on passport] chieán löôïc n. strategy chieáu leä adv. for form’s sake: laøm vieäc chieáu leä to work for form’s sake chieán só n. fighter, soldier chieán söï n. war, warfare, fighting chieáu theo v. to refer to chieán thaéng n., adj. victory; to be victorious chieàu 1 n. [of time giôøi/trôøi] late afternoon, chieán thuaät n. tactics early evening 2 n. direction, course; side, chieán thuyeàn n. warship dimension; manner, method: chieàu daøi length; chieán tranh n. war [CL cuoäc, traän] warfare, chieàu gioù direction of the wind; chieàu cao hostilities: chieán tranh laïnh the cold war; height; chieàu ngang width, breadth; chieàu saâu depth; traêm chieàu in every way, in every chieán tranh taâm lyù psychological warfare chieán traän n. battle, war respect; ñöôøng moät chieàu one-way street chieán tröôøng n. battlefield [CL baõi] 3 v. to please [people, customer]; to pamper, to spoil [child]; to treat with kindness and chieán tuyeán n. line of battle, front line chieán töôùng n. fighter; [football] player consideration: chieàu chuoäng khaùch haøng to please customers chieán xa n. tank, combat vehicle chieàn chieän n. skylark chim n. [SV caàm, ñieåu] bird: chim choùc birds; chieâng gong n. gong [CL caùi] loàng chim bird cage; [caù chaäu] chim loàng somebody who does not enjoy any freedom; toå chieát 1 v. to graft: chieát caây troàng vaøo chaäu chim bird’s nest to graft a plant to grow in a pot 2 v. to deduct, to take off, to reduce: chieát 5% tieàn löông chim chuoät v. to court, to woo, to flirt cho quyõ töø thieän to deduct five percent of the chim muoâng n. birds and beast salary for a charity fund chìm v. [SV traàm] to sink, to be submerged; to chieát khaáu v. to deduct, to discount be hidden: cuûa chìm hidden wealth; ba chìm baûy noåi many ups and downs chieát quang adj. refringent, refracting congregation chieán 1 v. R to struggle, to fight: ñaïi chieán 30 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chòt crime [as opp. to toøng phaïm accessory] chìm ñaém v. to be engulfed in [pleasure, chính phuû n. government: voâ chính phuû passion] chín 1 num. [SV cöûu] nine: möôøi chín nine- teen; chín möôi ninety; moät traêm chín (möôi) one hundred and ninety; moät traêm linh/leû chín one hundred and nine 2 adj. ripe [opp. xanh], cooked [opp. taùi, soáng]; nghó [cho] chín to think over carefully; chín tôùi done to a turn chín chaén adj. mature chín muoài adj. very ripe: chuoái chín muoài very ripe bananas chinh v. R to make an expedition against: thaân chinh [of monarch] to direct a war in person; toøng chinh to enlist; quaân vieãn chinh the expeditionary forces chinh chieán n. war, warfare chinh phaït v. to send a punitive expedition against chinh phu n. warrior, fighter chinh phuï n. warrior’s wife chinh phuïc v. to subdue, to conquer chính 1 adj. (= chaùnh) principal, main, chief [opp. phuï]; secondary [or phoù second, vice, assistant]: cöûa chính main gate; baûn chính the original [as opp. to baûn phuï a carbon copy; baûn sao a copy] 2 adj. R righteous, just, upright [opp. taø]: quaân, daân, chính the army, the people and the government; caûi taø qui chính to mend one’s ways 3 adv. exactly, just, precisely: chính giöõa in the middle; chính toâi I myself; chính ra at bottom in the main, actually; caûi chính to deny chính baûn n. the original copy chính bieán n. political upheaval, coup d’etat chính chuyeân adj. [of woman gaùi, ñaøn baø] virtuous: ñaøn baø chính chuyeân virtuous woman chính coáng adj. real, real McCoy, original chính danh n. a correct name chính dieän adj. right side; face front chính ñaïi adj. straightforward, upright chính ñaùng adj. legitimate, proper, correct chính ñaûng n. political party chính ñaïo n. the right way, the correct way [opp. taø ñaïo] chính giaùo n. orthodox religion chính giôùi n. political circles, government circles; politicians chính khaùch n. politician chính kieán n. political views chính nghóa n. righteous cause, cause chính phaïm n. author of a crime, principal to a anarchy chính qui adj. [of army] regular: lính chính qui regular army chính quyeàn n. political power [with cöôùp, daønh, naém to seize]; government: naém chính quyeàn to take over power chính saùch n. policy chính söï n. political affairs, government affairs, politics chính taû n. orthography; dictation chính thaát n. legal wife, first wife chính theå n. form of government, regime: chính theå coäng coäng hoaø republican regime; chính theå quaân chuû monarchy chính thò adv. exactly, precisely chính thoáng adj. orthodox chính thöùc adj., adv. official, formal; officially, formally; baùn chính thöùc semi-official chính tình n. political situation chính toâng adj. authentic, genuine, real, real McCoy chính trò n., adj. politics, policy; political: nhaø chính trò politician, statesman; khoa hoïc chính trò political science chính chính chính chính chính chính chính chính chænh trò boä n. politburo trò gia n. statesman, politician trò hoïc n. political science trò phaïm n. political prisoner trò vieân n. political instructor tröïc adj. righteous, upright xaùc adj. accurate, corrected yeáu adj. important, main, principal, vital 1 adj. right, straight, correct: nghieâm chænh/teà chænh serious, right 2 v. to correct, to repair; to amend; to fix: chænh laïi baùnh xe to fix the wheels chænh ñoán v. to reorganize, to revamp: chænh ñoán laïi coâng ty to reorganize the company chænh huaán v. to re-educate chænh löu v. to rectify [electric] current chænh lyù v. to re-adjust, to correct and edit chænh teà adj. correct; tidy, in good order chónh n. jar [to store rice, salt, etc.]: chuoät sa chænh gaïo to get a windfall [like a mouse falling into a jar of rice] chít 1 v. to wrap: chít khaên treân ñaàu to wrap a scarf around one’s head 2 n. great-greatgreat-grandchild chòt v. to choke, to block: giöõ chòt to hold back forcibly 31 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chòu one; nhaø choïc trôøi/giôøi skyscraper chòu v. to bear, to stand, to endure, to tolerate, to put up with; to consent; to give up; to receive, to acknowledge: deã chòu to be agreeable, pleasant, comfortable; to feel fine; khoù chòu to be unpleasant, uncomfortable, to feel unwell; khoâng (theå) chòu ñöôïc unbearable; aên chòu to buy food on credit; baùn chòu to sell on credit; mua chòu to buy on credit chòu ch chô ôi v. to indulge in playing: anh ta raát chò chôi he is very keen in playing chòu cöïc v. to endure hardship chòu ñöïng v. to bear, to put up with, to suffer chòu khoù v. to be patient, to work hard cho 1 v. to give; to add; to let/allow/permit to, for; as a favor, for you [follows main verb] until; cho ñeán; cho aên to feed; cho möôïn to lend [tool, money]; cho vay to lend [money]; cho (kyø) ñöôïc until one succeeds, until one gets what is wanted; cho neân, theá cho neân, vì theá cho neân that is why; aên cho no vaøo eat until you’re full; to make sure you have plenty; muoán cho choùng vieäc in order to expedite things, in order that things may go fast; cho ñeán nay up to now, so far, thus far; ñeå cho in order that; cho hay to let know, to inform 2 v. to think, to maintain [raèng, laø that] cho khoâng v. to give away, to grant cho neân adv. therefore, hence cho pheùp v. to permit, to allow, to authorize: cho pheùp ai laøm vieäc gì to authorize someone to do something choù n. [SV khuyeån, caåu] dog: choù saên hunting dog, police dog; choù caùi bitch; choù soùi wolf; cuõi choù dog kennel, dog house; choù con puppy; choù möïc black dog; Ñoà choù. What a dog!; choù giöõ nhaø watchdog, house dog; choù maù scoundrel, cad; Coi chöøng choù döõ. Beware of dogs! choõ 1 n. elbow: cuøi choõ elbow 2 v. to direct one’s mouth to; to stick out: choõ mieäng/moàm to give one’s unexpected view choaùn v. to take up, to occupy space choang adj. bright choaùng adj. shocked into a daze, to be dazzling: choaùng maét swanky, to be conspicuous choaùng vaùng v. to feel dizzy choaøng v. to embrace, to throw over or around choaûng v. to stick, to beat, to hit, to come to blows choaét adj. dwarfed, stunted: beù loaét choaét tiny choïc v. to pierce, to puncture; to tease, to annoy, to bother: choïc töùc ai to tease some- choïc gheïo v. to tease choïc töùc v. to tease choïc tieát v. to stick; to bleed: choïc tieát heo to bleed pigs choeù 1 n. ornamental jar 2 adj. very bright: ñoû choeù bright red choeøn choeøn adj. very shallow; too small to be noticed choi choi n. warbler choùi adj. [of light] dazzling, blind, shrill deafens ears. choùi loïi adj. brilliant, radiant, blazing choøi n. shed, hut: choøi canh watchtower choïi v. to oppose, to be equal; to fight, to compete with: choáng choïi/ñoái choïi vôùi to compete with [to precede object]; choïi gaø cock fight; choïi deá cricket fight; choïi chim hoaï mi nightingale fight; choïi traâu buffalo fight; ñoái choïi [of two lines] well coupled choøm n. tuft [of hair], clump [of trees], bunch [of flowers], group [of stars] choûm n. peak, summit [of mountain], top [of head, tree]; tuft of hair grown on shaven head of a little child: luùc coøn ñeå choûm, thôøi ñeå choûm childhood choïn v. to choose, to select [laøm as]: löïa choïn/keùn choïn to select carefully; to be choosy; keùn caù choïn canh to be choosy choïn loïc v., adj. to select; to choose; selected, chosen choïn löïa v. to select, to choose chong v. to keep [ñeøn lamp] lighted: chong ñeøn suoát ñeâm to keep the light lit all night long chong choùng n. pinwheel; propeller choùng adj., adv. quick, fast, rapid, speedy; rapidly, quickly: coâng vieäc nhanh choùng quick work; choùng leân Quick! Hurry up!; (chaúng) choùng (thì) chaày sooner or later choùng maët v. to feel dizzy choùng vaùnh adj. prompt, speedy choøng chaønh v. to sway, to roll, to be unstable choøng choïc v. to stare at, to look straight at [vaøo at]: nhìn choøng choïc vaøo ai to stare at someone choõng n. bamboo bench, bamboo bed choùp n. summit, peak, top: choùp bu top man choùt 1 n., adj. the last in a series (= cuoái); last, lowest ranking (= beùt): giôø choùt the last hour, the last minute; ngaøy choùt the last day [before 32 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chôi deadline]; haïn choùt deadline; baäc choùt the highest or lowest rank; haøng choùt the last row; haïng choùt the lowest class; maøn choùt last scene, end [of play] 2 v. to have done or to act already [followed by main verb and preceded optionally by ñaõ] choùt voùt adj. very tall/high, towering: cao choùt voùt very high choã n. place, location, site, spot; room, space: choã ngoài seat; choå ôû residence, address; choã laøm place of work; choã buoân baùn place of business; heát choã roài no seats left, no vacancy, full house, full bus choác n. (= laùt) moment, instant: choác nöõa in a while; boãng choác suddenly; choác choác laïi every now and then choác laùt n. short moment: phuùt choác in a jiffy choái v. to deny, to refuse: töø choái to refuse choái caõi v. to deny, to reject choái töø v. to refuse, to decline choài n. bud choåi n. broom: sao choåi comet; caùn choåi broomstick choàm v. to jump up, to spring up choân v. to bury, to inter [dead, money, idea in one’s mind] choân caát v. to bury, to inhume choân chaân v. to stay at one place, to confine oneself to choân rau caét roán n. native place choân soáng v. to bury alive choân vuøi v. to bury choán n. place, spot, destination: ñi ñeán nôi veà ñeán choán to arrive at the right destination and to go home safely, safe trip choàn 1 n. fox 2 adj. tired, stiff: moûi goái choàn chaân to have weary knees and stiff legs choâng n. caltrops, spikes, stakes: haàm choâng a spike trap choâng gai n., adj. spikes and thorns; difficulties, hardship; dangerous choáng v. [SV khaùng] to oppose, to resist: choáng laïi to be against; choáng ngöôøi leân vaät gì to support oneself on, to lean against choáng aùn v. to appeal [a case] choáng choïi v. to resist, to confront choáng cheá v. to defend oneself choáng cöï v. to resist choáng giöõ v. to hold out, to defend choáng naïnh v. to put arms akimbo choáng traû v. to oppose, to resist, to fight back choàng 1 n. [SV phu, quaân] husband: laáy choàng to marry; boû choàng to divorce; meï choàng mother-in-law; boá choàng father-in-law; con choàng stepchild; eá choàng to be unable to find a husband 2 v., n. to pile up; a pile: moät choàng saùch a pile of books choång v., adv. to point upward; upward: naèm choång goïng to lie with one’s legs in the air; ngaõ choång goïng to fall on one’s back choäp v. to seize, to catch choát n., v. axle; to bolt, to pin: choát cöûa laïi to bolt the door; vaán ñeà then choát the key problem choät 1 adj. one-eyed 2 adj. stunted, scared, worried: choät buïng/choät daï startled chô vô adj. abandoned, forlorn, without protection chôù adv. do not, let us not: chôù coù/chôù neân noùi gì shouldn’t say anything; chôù heà never chôø v. to await, to wait for (= ñôïi) chôû v. to take, to transport, to carry: chuyeân chôû to be transported; chôû cuûi veà röøng to carry coals to Newcastle; xe chôû haøng truck, goods train, freight train chôï n. [SV thò] market, marketplace: hoäi chôï fair, exposition; phieân chôï market day; chôï ñen black market; chôï phieân fair; chôï giôøi open air second-hand market; keû chôï town folk, city people Chôï lôùn n. Cho Lon, Saigon’s Chinatown chôi v. [SV du] to play, to amuse oneself; to play [game, musical instrument, cards, sport]; to be a fan of, to collect, to keep [as a hobby]; to indulge in; to take part in—not seriously— for fun [follows main verb] [opp. thaät]: saân chôi playground; troø chôi game; ñoà chôi plaything, toy; ñi chôi to go for a walk, to go out; to go and visit; ñeán chôi to come for a visit; chôi bi to shoot marbles; chôi dao to play hopscotch; chôi döông caàm to play the piano; chôi baøi to play cards; chôi côø to play chess; chôi quaàn vôït to play tennis; chôi boùng roå to play basketball; chôi tem to collect stamps; chôi lan to collect orchids; chôi ñoà coå to collect antiques; chôi chim hoaï mi to keep nightingales; chôi gaùi to frequent prostitutes; chôi hoï/huïi to take part in a mutual savings and loan group; aên chôi to eat for fun, as in boán moùn aên chôi hors d’oeuvres, assorted appetizers; noùi chôi to say in jest; chôi chôi not to play for money, to play [card game] for fun; deã nhö chôi as easy as ABC; giôø [ra] chôi to have a break; chôi chöõ to play on words; 33 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chôi aùc laøng chôi the pleasure world; gaùi laøng chôi prostitute(s); khaùch laøng chôi bawdy house customer(s) chôi aùc v. to play a dirty trick [on somebody] chôi bôøi v. to be a playboy, to indulge in playing chôi khaâm v. to play a nasty trick [on somebody] chôi lu buø v. to have rounds after rounds of fun [literally and pejoratively] chôi vôi adj. lonely, to be in a precarious position chôm chôûm adj. rugged, craggy, shaggy chôùm v. to start to, to begin to, to be about to: tình yeâu môùi chôùm to begin to love chôùm nôû v. [of feelings] to be budding chôùn n. limit: quaù chôùn to go beyond the limit chôøn vôøn v. to flutter about chôùp v. [of heaven giôøi, trôøi] to lighten; chôùp maét to blink/wink; chôùp boùng to show movies; nhanh nhö chôùp as fast as lightning; chæ trong chôùp maét in a wink; cöûa chôùp shutters chôùp aûnh v. to project movies chôùp boùng v. to project/show movies: raïp chôùp boùng movie theater chôùp nhoaùng adv. at lightning speed; chieán tranh chôùp nhoaùng lightning war chôïp v. to doze off: chôïp maét to have a wink of sleep chôùt nhaû v. to use non-serious language chôït adv. suddenly or unexpectedly [precedes main verb]; alternately: toâi chôït nhôù I remember suddenly; chôït noùi chôït cöôøi alternately talking and laughing chu caáp v. to support, to assist, to help, to provide chu cheùo v. to yell, to holler chu du v. to travel [around] chu ñaùo adj. perfectly done, perfectly taken care of chu kyø n. cycle, period [of recurring phenomena] chu nieân n. anniversary: ñeä thaäp chu nieân tenth anniversary chu taát adj., v. full and careful, perfect; to pay all back chu toaøn v., adj. to be perfect; to complete perfectly, safe; intact chu trình n. circular, cycle [which is sent around] chu vi n. circumference chuù 1 n. uncle [father’s younger brother]: chuù ruoät uncle [addressed by nephew or niece]; chuù hoï father’s male cousin; chuù thím toâi my uncle and his wife; coâ chuù toâi my aunt and her husband; hai chuù chaùu anh Hieån Hien and his uncle, Hien and his nephew [or niece]; anh/ chò em con chuù con baùc first cousins [A calls B’s father chuù, and B calls A’s father baùc] 2 n., v. note; to annotate, to explain, to mark: ghi chuù/cöôùc chuù footnote; bò chuù note 3 n. incantation, conjuration: ñoïc thaàn chuù to read incantation chuù cöôùc n. explanatory notes, marginal notes chuù daãn v. to note, to annotate chuù giaûi v. to explain, to quote, to annotate chuù löïc v. to concentrate or to apply one’s strength on chuù muïc v. to pay attention to chuù reå n. bridegroom chuù taâm v. to concentrate on: chuù taâm vaøo vieäc hoïc to concentrate on studying chuù tieåu n. novice [in a Buddhist temple] chuù troïng v. to pay attention to, to attach importance to [ñeán, tôùi precedes object] chuù yù v. to pay attention [ñeán, tôùi precedes object]; Attention!: chuù yù nghe baøi giaûng to pay attention to lectures chuû n. owner, master, boss, lord (= chuùa); landlord: oâng chuû nhaø landlord; baø chuû nhaø landlady; chuû nhaø host, hostess [opp. khaùch]; chuû haõng employer [opp. thôï]; ñòa chuû landowner; ñieàn chuû landlord; gia chuû head of family; nghieäp chuû manager of industry; thaân chuû client; töï chuû independence; chuû nôï creditor; chuû quaùn inn-keeper chuû buùt n. editor-in-chief, editor chuû chieán v. to advocate war chuû ñaïo adj. decisive: ñoùng vai troø chuû ñaïo to play a decisive role chuû ñeà n. main subject, main topic chuû ñích n. main objective, main aim, chief goal chuû ñoäng v., adj. to be active, to take the initiative; principal: vai chuû ñoäng principal role [of a story] chuû giaùo n. bishop chuû hoaø v. to advocate peace chuû hoä n. head of a family chuû hoân n., v. celebrant; to conduct a wedding ceremony [preceded by ñöùng] chuû khaûo n. head of examiners chuû löïc n. main force, driving force chuû möu v., n. to instigate; to be the mastermind, to contrive; instigator chuû nghóa n. doctrine, ideology, -ism: chuû nghóa caù nhaân individualism 34 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chuùng chuû ngöõ n. subject [of a sentence] chuû nhaân n. boss, master: chuû nhaân oâng chuaån y v. to approve chuùc 1 v. to tilt 2 v. to wish; to congratulate, manager [as opp. to labor coâng nhaân] to celebrate: caàu chuùc to wish; chuùc möøng naêm môùi, cung chuùc taân xuaân Happy New Chuû nhaät n. Sunday (= chuùa nhaät) chuû nhieäm n. director; editor chuû quan n., adj. subjective thinking [opp. Year chuùc thö n. will and testament chuùc tuïng v. to wish; to compliment, to praise chuïc num. ten: hai chuïc twenty chui v. to glide headlong, to creep, to steal, to khaùch quan]; subjective chuû quyeàn n., adj. sovereignty; sovereign: coù chuû quyeàn to be sovereign chuû chuû chuû chuû chuû chuû chuû söï n. chief of a bureau taâm v., n. to intend, to aim; intention teá n. official celebrant teå n. chief, master, lord thaàu n. contractor theå n. subject, main organ tòch n. chairman: phoù chuû tòch vice- chairman chuû tòch ñoaøn n. presidium chuû toaï v., n. to preside over [a meeting]; chairperson: chuû toaï buoåi hoïp to chair a meeting chuû töø n. subject chuû tröông v., n. to advocate, to assert, to maintain; policy chuû yù v., n. to intend, to aim; main idea, chief purpose, primary intention chuû yeáu adj. essential, important chua 1 v. to note, to annotate 2 adj. sour, acid: canh chua sweet and sour soup chua chua chua chuùa chaùt adj. bitter, ironical ngoa adj. talkative; lying; sharp-tongued xoùt adj. painful n. lord, prince, God: vua chuùa kings and princes; baïo chuùa tyrant; chuùa Trôøi God; coâng chuùa princess chuùa nhaät n. Sunday chuùa sôn laâm n. tiger chuùa teå n. chief, master, leader, lord chuøa n. [SV töï] Buddhist temple, pagoda: ñình chuøa temples; thaày chuøa monk chuøa chieàn n. Buddhist temples chuaån n., adj. standard: tieâu chuaån criterion chuaån bò v. to prepare, to get ready: chuaån bò haønh lyù to get one’s luggage ready chuaån chi v. to order, to authorize a payment chuaån ñích n. definite aim, goal, norm chuaån ñònh v. to fix, to decide chuaån nhaän v. to accept, to approve chuaån pheâ v. to approve: chuaån pheâ döï aùn to approve a project chuaån töôùng n. brigadier-general chuaån uùy n. warrant officer chuaån xaùc adj. fully accurate, accurate slip in through a narrow opening; to cede [a card]: chui vaøo hang to creep into a hole chuùi v. to bend one’s head forward; to be engaged totally in: chuùi ñaàu vaøo coâng vieäc to be engaged totally on the job chuøi v. to wipe, to clean, to polish chum n. water jar chuùm v. to purse, to round [lips]: maãu aâm chuùm moâi rounded vowel chuøm n. cluster, bunch [of grapes, keys, flowers]: chuøm nho a bunch of grapes; chuøm chìa khoaù a set of keys chuïm v. to assemble, to join, to gather chuïm löûa v. to light a fire chun v. to shrink, to be elastic: sôïi daây chun laïi the string shrank chun chuûn adj. short, tiny chuøn v. to slow down, to stop chuøn chuït adv. [to kiss or suck] noisily: hoân chuøn chuït to kiss noisily chung 1 adj., v. common, mutual; to have or do in common: ôû chung to live together; chung tieàn to pool money; nhaø chung Catholic mission 2 v. R to finish (= heát): thuyû chung to the end; from beginning to end; to be loyal, faithful; höõu thuyû voâ chung to be unfaithful, disloyal 3 n. the end [used at the end of books or articles]: chung cuoäc at the end; laâm chung to be about to die chung chaï v. to share [with other people] chung ñuùc v. to amalgamate, to create chung ñuïng v. to clash; to share with other people chung keát n. final: traän ñaáu chung keát final match chung quanh n. surrounding area (= xung quanh) chung qui adv. in the final analysis, in conclusion chung thaân adv. all one’s life: tuø chung thaân life imprisonment chuùng pron. [pluralizer for certain personal pronouns]; R group, people: coâng chuùng the 35 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chuùng baïn public; daân chuùng the people; ñaïi chuùng the chuoàn chuoàn n. dragonfly masses; quaàn chuùng the masses chuoâng n. bell: baám chuoâng to ring the bell chuùng baïn n. friends [by pushing a button]; ñaùnh chuoâng/thænh chuùng bay pron. you [plural]; also bay chuoâng to strike the bell with a mallet; daät chuùng chaùu pron. we [your grandchildren, your chuoâng/rung chuoâng to ring the bell [by pullnephews, your nieces] ing a cord or rope]; laéc chuoâng to ring the bell [by shaking it]; gaùc chuoâng bell tower; chuùng con pron. we [your children] chuùng em pron. we [your younger siblings] chuoâng baám, chuoâng ñieän electric bell chuùng maøy pron. you [arrogant] chuoàng n. cage, shed, shelter, coop, stable, chuùng mình pron. we [inclusive I and you, sty: luùc gaø leân chuoàng at nightfall; chuoàng boø (he) and I; you, (they) and I]; cf. chuùng ta, stable for oxen; chuoàng chim boà caâu pigeon mình, ta house; chuoàng choù dog kennel; chuoàng gaø chuùng noù pron. they, them chicken coop, chicken house; chuoàng heo/ chuùng oâng pron. we [very arrogant] chuoàng lôïn pig sty; chuoàng ngöïa stable, stall; chuùng sinh n. all living creatures; wandering chuoàng tieâu latrine, privy; chuoàng xí latrine, souls privy; chuoàng traâu buffalo stable chuùng ta pron. we, us [inclusive I and you, (he) chuoäng v. to be fond of, to like, to esteem: mình,, ta ta,, tham thanh chuoäng laï to like exotic things; and I; you, (they) and I]; cf. chuùng mình mình chieàu chuoäng to pamper, to esteem; kính chuoäng to respect and esteem; yeâu chuoäng chuùng toâi pron. we [exclusive I, he and I, they and I, but not you] to love chuøng adj. [of rope, string] loose, slack; [of trou- chuoát v. to polish, to refine: chaûi chuoát to be sers] to be long, hanging smart chuøng chình v. (= truøng trình) to loiter; to chuoät n. rat, mouse, cobaye: baû chuoät rat procrastinate poison, rat’s bane; baãy chuoät mousetrap; döa chuoät cucumber; öôùt nhö chuoät loät drenched chuûng 1 n. R species, kind, sort: chuûng loaïi race; nhaân chuûng human; chuûng toäc human to the skin race; dieät chuûng to exterminate a race 2 v. chuoät baïch n. white mouse, white mice to vaccinate; chuûng ñaäu to vaccinate against chuoät boï n. rodents chuoät chuø n. muskrat smallpox chuûng loaïi n. sort, kind, variety, type, species chuoät coáng n. sewer rat chuûng toäc n. race, people chuoät ñoàng n. field mouse chuoác v. to seek, to bring upon oneself to chuoät nhaét n. mouse, mice [worry, profit, honors]: chuoác laáy söï ñau khoå chuoät ruùt n. cramp chuïp v. to spring upon and seize suddenly: to bring unhappiness upon oneself chuoäc v. to buy back [lost or pawned object], to chuïp aûnh/hình to take photographs; chuïp laáy coå noù to grab him redeem; to make amendments for, to atone for [fault, mistake]; to try to win [someone’s heart] chuïp aûnh v. (= chuïp hình) to take a photochuoâi n. handle [of knife dao], hilt graph [of]; to have one’s picture taken chuoái n. banana: moät buoàng chuoái a bunch of chuïp ñeøn n. lamp shade bananas; moät naûi chuoái a hand of bananas; chuùt 1 adj. tiny (= tí): chuùt ít, chuùt ñænh, chuùt xíu; moät chuùt a little bit; ñoâi chuùt a little 2 n. vöôøn chuoái banana farm; gioàng caây chuoái, troàng caây chuoái to stand on one’s head; tröôït great-great-grandchild; cf. chaùu, chaét, chít voû chuoái to slip on a banana skin; to fail an chuùt con n. a small child, the only child chuùt ñænh adj. a little bit, a touch of examination chuoãi n. a string [of beads], necklace; file, chuùt ít adj. tiny series, succession: chuoãi haït trai pearl neck- chuùt phaän n. modest condition lace; moät chuoãi ngaøy daøi daèng daëc a succes- chuùt thaân n. humble life sion of long, long days; chuoãi traøng haït rosary chuùt tình n. humble sentiment chuoâm n. small pond chuùt xíu adj. tiny chuoàn v. to take French leave, to clear out, to chuït n. smacking noise sneak out chuøy n. mallet, hammer; blow 36 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chuyeân 1 v. to transfer [liquid, merchandise]; chö taêng to transport; to carry: chôû chuyeân to transfer [money illegally] 2 adj., n., v. specialized in; expert, main occupation; to concentrate on: chuyeân taâm to be devoted; chuyeân veà to specialize in chuyeân caàn adj. diligent, industrious chuyeân cheá adj. absolute, dictatorial, arbitrary, autocratic chuyeân chính n. dictatorship: voâ saûn chuyeân chính dictatorship of the proletariat [communist term]; cheá ñoä chuyeân chính dictatorship regime chuyeân chôû v. to transport: chuyeân chôû haøng hoaù to transport goods chuyeân chuù v. to apply oneself, to be attentive, to concentrate on chuyeân ñeà n. special subject/topic chuyeân gia n. specialist, expert chuyeân khoa n. specialty, advanced and specialized course; second cycle [three years] of secondary education [opp. phoå thoâng] chuyeân moân n., adj. specialty [to specialize in], professional; to be technical: nhaø chuyeân moân expert, specialist; veà phöông dieän chuyeân moân from a technical point of view; danh töø chuyeân moân technical terms, jargon; khoâng chuyeân moân nonspecialized, unskilled; nontechnical chuyeân nghieäp n. specialist, professional; vocational: tröôøng trung hoïc chuyeân nghieäp technical college, vocational school chuyeân nhaát v. to be devoted to one thing chuyeân quyeàn v. to be despotic, to rule as an autocracy, to be a dictatorship chuyeân taâm v. to concentrate on [with fixed intention] chuyeân traùch v. to be responsible; nhaø chuyeân traùch responsible authorities chuyeân trò v. [of doctor] to be a specialist in: baùc só chuyeân trò beänh ngoaøi da dermatologist chuyeân tu v. to give or to get special training: lôùp chuyeân tu special session, seminar [on certain subjects] chuyeân vieân n. expert, specialist chuyeán n. trip, journey, voyage, flight [as a unit, single event]; time: chuyeán ñi the outward trip; chuyeán veà the homeward trip, on the way back; chuyeán möôøi giôø the 10 o’clock train [bus, plane, etc.]; chuyeán xe löûa naêm giôø the 5 o’clock train; chuyeán xe Saigon-Baclieu the Saigon-Baclieu bus; ñi Nam vang moät chuyeán to go to Phnom Penh [once]; ñi cuøng moät chuyeán to travel together; Maáy chuyeán? How many times, how many rounds?; nhieàu chuyeán many times; chuyeán naøy this time; chuyeán tröôùc last time; chuyeán sau next time; chuyeán taøu ñeâm the night train chuyeàn v. to pass, to hand; to pass from place to place; to carry, to transfer: chuyeàn tay nhau to pass on to each other chuyeån v. to move, to transfer; to shift; to change [direction]; to transmit, to hand over: chuyeån ñaït to convey; chuyeån giao to transfer; lay chuyeån to move, to shake; bieán chuyeån to change; di chuyeån to move; thuyeân chuyeån to move [personnel] around: chuyeån bieán v. to change chuyeån buïng v. (= chuyeån daï) to start to have labor pains chuyeån ñaït v. to transmit, to convey chuyeån ñeä v. to transmit, to forward; kính göûi OÂâng Tænh tröôûng, nhôø OÂng Quaän tröôûng chuyeån ñeä to the Province Chief, care of the District Chief chuyeån ñoäng v., n. to move; movement, motion chuyeån giao v. to hand over [authority, government office] chuyeån hoaù v. to transform, to change chuyeån hoaùn v. to complete an evolution chuyeån höôùng v. to change direction chuyeån nhöôïng v. to transfer, to cede: chuyeån nhöôïng sôû höõu chuû nhaø ñaát to transfer the land title chuyeån tieáp v., n. to transit; transition: giai ñoaïn chuyeån tieáp transition stage chuyeån vaän v. to transport; to set in motion chuyeän n. talk; story: keå chuyeän to tell a story; noùi chuyeän trong buoåi hoïp to give a talk at a meeting; baøy/bòa/veõ chuyeän to fabricate; coâng chuyeän business; noùi chuyeän to talk, to converse, to speak, to chat [vôùi with, veà, ñeán, tôùi about, of]; buoåi noùi chuyeän a talk, public speaking; baét chuyeän to enter a conversation, to engage in a conversation; noùi chuyeän gaãu to talk idly; chuyeän ngaén short story; chuyeän phim film story, movie story; chuyeän tình love story; sinh chuyeän to pick a quarrel, to make a fuss, to start some trouble chuyeän gaã gaãu v. to chat chuyeän troø v. to converse, to talk, to chat chuyeän vaõn v. to converse, to chat chö taêng n. all the monks 37 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH chö vò chö vò n. gentlemen, every one of … chö haàu n. all the vassals; satellite, vassal: nöôùc chö haàu satellite country chöù 1 conj. and not, but not: Chöù (coøn) ai (nöõa) Sure, who else?; Chöù (coøn) gì (nöõa) Sure, what else?; Chöù sao? Sure, how else? (= chôù) 2 adv. [final particle] I suppose, I’m sure, I’m certain, shall we? chöù lò adv. naturally, of course; surely, certainly chöø n., adv. now, at present, at the present time chöõ n. [SV töï, töø] letter [of the alphabet]; [written] character, word, type, script, written language, handwriting: chöõ caùi letter of the alphabet; chöõ hoa capital letter; chöõ ñeïp, chöõ toát nice handwriting or calligraphy, to have nice handwriting; chöõ Haùn/chöõ Nho Chinese characters; chöõ Noâm Demotic script; chöõ ñaäm boldface type; chöõ ngaõ italics; chöõ nghóa literary knowledge; chöõ thaûo, chöõ thaáu grass style [calligraphy]; chöõ xaáu poor handwriting or calligraphy, to have poor handwriting; khoâng bieát chöõ to be illiterate; chöõ nhö gaø bôùi to have horrible handwriting; bieát chöõ to be literate; chöõ Anh English [written]; chöõ kyù signature; chöõ thaäp cross; chöõ trinh virginity, faithfulness, loyalty [in woman] chöõ hoa n. upper case, capital letter chöõ th thö öôøng n. lower case chöa adv. not yet [precedes main verb in statements]; Yet? [final particle in questions] chöùa v. to contain, to hold; to take in, to put up [boarders, visitors]; to store [goods]; to harbor, to keep [stolen goods, dishonest people]: hoà chöùa nöôùc reservoir; kho chöùa haøng warehouse, storehouse; nhaø chöùa brothel chöùa chan adj. overflowing [with]: nöôùc maét chöùa chan overflowing tears chöùa chaáp v. to conceal, to hide chöùa chaát v. to pile up, to accumulate chöùa ñöïng v. to fill with, to contain chöøa v. to give up, to abstain from, to quit [habit, vice]; to set aside; to avoid, to leave: chöøa thuoác phieän to quit smoking opium; chöøa thuoác laù to quit smoking [cigarettes]; chöøa röôïu to quit drinking: chöøa ra hai phaân leave a margin of two centimeters chöûa v. to be pregnant: buïng mang daï chöûa to be pregnant; chöûa con so to be pregnant for the first time; chöûa con daï to be pregnant the second time; chöûa hoang to be pregnant without being married chöõa v. to repair, to alter; to mend, to fix; to correct: chöõa beänh to cure diseases; chöõa chaùy/chöõa löûa to put out a fire; chöõa chaïy to try to save [patient, situation]; söûa chöõa nhaø cöûa to repair a house chöõa theïn v. to save one’s face by saying something chöùc n. office, position, title, function [chemistry]: caùch chöùc to dismiss; coâng chöùc government employee; giaùng chöùc to demote; nhaän chöùc to enter on duty; thaêng chöùc to promote; vieân chöùc employee, staff; phong chöùc to bestow a title chöùc chöôûng n. function, title chöùc haøm n. honorary title chöùc nghieäp n. occupation, career chöùc phaåm n. office, grade, rank chöùc phaän n. duty, office, position chöùc quyeàn n. authority, function, position chöùc saéc n. dignitaries, authorities chöùc traùch n. responsible authorities chöùc töôùc n. function and title chöùc vò n. position, office, rank and function chöùc vuï n. position, function, duty chöïc 1 v. to wait; to watch for: chaàu chöïc to wait long [to get some paper, to see an official] 2 adv. to be on the point of, be about to [precedes main verb]: chöïc saün to be ready, to stand by chöûi v. to insult, to abuse, to scold chöûi bôùi v. to insult, to scold chöûi maéng v. to insult, to offend, to scold chöûi ruûa v. to abuse and curse chöûi theà v. to use abusive language, to swear all the time chöng 1 v. to show off, to display: chöng baèng caáp to display all certificates 2 v. to boil down, to dry up: chöng nöôùc maém to boil fish sauce to condense it chöng baøy v. to display, to exhibit chöng dieän v. to dress up, to show off; to decorate chöng doïn v. to display, to arrange chöùng 1 n. R proof, evidence: baèng chöùng/ chöùng côù evidence, proof; chöùng nhaân/nhaân chöùng witness; chöùng minh to testify; to demonstrate; chöùng thöïc/chöùng nhaän to certify 2 n. illness, defect, vice, ailment, tic: trieäu chöùng symptom; hay coù chöùng ñau buïng to have frequent stomach-aches; giôû chöùng, sinh chöùng to become vicious, wicked chöùng beänh n. symptom chöùng beänh hoïc n. symptomatology 38 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH coû chöùng chæ n. certificate chöùng côù n. (= chöùng cöù) evidence, proof chöùng giaùm v. to witness, to be a witness, to certify chöôùng chöôùng chöôùng chöôùng shares chöôùng ngaïi vaät n. obstacle, barricade, road- laissez passer chöôùng tai adj. unpleasant to the ears chöôûng n. martial art trick chöôûng aán n. keeper of the seal chöôûng kheá n. notary co 1 v. to shrink, to contract 2 v. to bend, to adj. unpleasant; indecent; senseless khí n. unhealthy air maét adj. unpleasant, unacceptable ngaïi n. hindrance, obstruction: vaät chöôùng ngaïi obstacle chöùng khoaùn n. security certificate, bonds, chöùng kieán v. to witness, to see chöùng minh v. to prove, to demonstrate chöùng minh thö n. identification certificate, block, hurdle chöùng chöùng chöùng chöùng chöùng chöùng nghieäm v. to verify nhaân n. witness nhaän v. to certify curl up: ngoài co chaân leân gheá to sit with bent phieáu n. certificate legs thöïc v. to certify, to prove co boùp v. to pulsate toû v. to prove: chöùng toû khaû naêng cuûa co giaõn adj. elastic, flexible mình to prove one’s ability co quaép adj. curled up: naèm co quaép vì laïnh chöùng töø n. receipt, document, proof to be curled up because of cold weather chöøng n., adv. foreseeable degree, measure, coù 1 v. to be; to exist; to have, to possess, to extent; about: chöøng ñoä approximately; chöøng naøy this time, this much; chöøng aáy/ chöøng naáy then, that amount; Chöøng naøo When?, How much?; coi chöøng to watch out, to be cautious; ñoä chöøng/phoûng chöøng/ chöøng ñoä about, approximately; khoâng bieát chöøng one cannot foretell, perhaps; quaù chöøng excessively, to the extreme; vöøa chöøng moderately; nghe chöøng it seems that; yù chöøng it seems that chöøng ñoä n., adv. moderation; about chöøng möïc n., adj. average, moderation; reasonable chöûng n. at one stretch, in one gulp: ngaõ boå chöûng to fall back; nuoát chöûng to swallow without chewing chöõng v. [of child] to totter chöõng chaïc adj. (= chöõng chaøng) stately, dignified chöôùc 1 n. dodge, trick, ruse, expedient: möu chöôùc trick; baét chöôùc to imitate, to copy 2 v. to excuse, to exempt chöôûi See chöûi chöôøm v. to apply a compress to: chöôøm nöôùc ñaù to apply an ice bag chöông n. chapter [of a book] chöông trình n. program, project, plan; program of studies, curriculum: chöông trình trung hoïc high-school curriculum; chöông trình Anh vaên the English program; chöông trình nghò söï agenda chöông trình xöû lí va vaõõn ba baûûn n. word processor own; there is/are 2 adv. affirmative article: giaàu coù to be wealthy; hieám coù to be rare; ít coù to be rare coù chöûa adj. pregnant coù haäu v. to have a happy ending coù hieáu v. to have filial piety coù hoïc adj. educated coù ích adj. useful: baïn haõy laøm vieäc gì coù ích cho xaõ hoäi to do something useful for society coù khi adv. sometimes coù leõ adv. perhaps, maybe, probably coù (leã) pheùp adj. polite coù lyù adj. reasonable, logical coù mang adj. (= coù chöûa) pregnant coù maët adj. be present at coù moät khoâng hai adj. unique coù nghóa adj. loyal to, constant in one’s sentiment coù nhaân adj. compassionate, humane coù thai adj. (= coù mang) pregnant coù theå v., adv. can, could, to be able to; perhaps, maybe, may, possibly coù tieáng adj. well-known, famous, noted coù toäi adj. guilty coù veû v. to seem to, to look, to appear to coø 1 n. stork, egret 2 n. trigger: boùp coø to pull the trigger 3 n. postage stamp (= tem) coø keø v. to bargain coø moài n. decoy, show-off presenter, trading cheater coû n. [SV thaûo] grass, herb: caét/laøm coû to cut grass; baõi coû lawn; maùy caét coû lawn mower; 39 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH coï rau coû vegetables; aên coû to be herbivorous; giaëc coû bandit; ñoàng coû meadow; laøm coû to mow/cut the grass; to kill; coû daïi weeds coï 1 v. to rub, to polish, to mop 2 n. palm tree coï xaùt n., v. friction; to rub repeatly; to contact with coùc 1 n. toad: coùc tía/coùc vaøng somebody wealthy [but stupid] 2 adv. [slang] not to (= khoâng, chaúng, chaû), anything: coùc khoâ nothing at all coïc 1 n. stake, picket, post; pile: moät coïc tieàn a pile of money 2 n. deposit: ñaët coïc to make a downpayment, a deposit coi v. (= xem) to see, to look at, to watch, to consider: troâng coi to watch; coi chöøng to watch out; coi soùc to look after, to take care of coøi n. whistle, horn, siren: thoåi coøi to blow the whistle, to whistle; coøi baùo ñoäng air-raid alarm; Caám boùp coøi. No hornblowing. coõi n. region, country, space, world: toaøn coõi Vieät Nam the whole Vietnam com leâ n. suit com-pa n. compasses: com-pa ño daøy callipers; com-pa tæ leä proportional compasses coøm adj. lean, skinny con 1 n. [SV töû] child: ngöôøi/ñöùa con child; thaèng con giai/trai son; con gaùi daughter; con caû first-born child; con uùt the youngest child; cha naøo con aáy like father, like son; (hai) boá con anh Ninh Ninh and his child; cha truyeàn con noái hereditary 2 n. for animals and certain inanimate things as a classifier noun: moät con ngöïa a [or one] horse; moät con dao a knife; moät con soá a number, figure, digit; moät con deâ a dike, levee; moät con ñöôøng a road; moät con soâng a river 3 adj. [SV tieåu] to be small, young: treû con child(ren); childish; choù con puppy; meøo con kitty; lôïn con piglet; baøn con small table; dao con small knife; caây con sapling con baïc n. gambler con buoân n. merchant, trader con caø con keâ v., n. to say/talk nonsense; a cock and bull story con caû n. first-born child, oldest child con caùi n. children, offspring con chaùu n. offspring, grandchildren con chuoät maùy vi tính n. mouse [of computer] con daâu n. daughter-in-law con ñaàu loøng n. first-born child con ñoäi n. jack [automobile] con con con con con con con con con con con con con con con con coøn ñôõ ñaàu n. god-son, god-daughter hoang n. illegitimate child moïn n. little child, baby, infant nieâm n. stamp duty nít n. child(ren) nuoâi n. adopted child ôû n. maid, servant quay n. spinning top [toy] reå n. son-in-law so n. the first baby soá n. figure, number, digit thô n. young child thöù n. the second-born child tin n. hostage tröôûng n. first-born child, oldest child uùt n. youngest child v., adv. [SV toàn] to remain; to have left, there is something left, still, yet, also, in addition: chaäm coøn hôn khoâng better late than never; soá tieàn coøn laïi the remaining amount, the remainder, the balance; coøn nhö as to, as for coûn con adj. smallish, insignificant, negligible cong adj. curved: ñöôøng cong curve cong cong adj. curved cong queo adj. winding coùng adj. numb coøng v. to be bent, to be hunchbacked coõng v. to carry/pick a backpack: coõng raén caén gaø nhaø to bring the enemy home coùp 1 v. to glean, to pick up, to gather: coùp nhaët to pick up 2 v. to copy, to cheat [at examination] coïp n. tiger (= hoå, huøm) coùt keùt adj. grinding, grating, creaking coït keït See coùt keùt coâ 1 n. father’s sister, aunt: coâ ruoät aunt 2 n., pron. young lady, young woman; you; you [used for unmarried young women]: Chaøo coâ. Hello Miss; you; coâ aáy, coâ ta she, Miss; coâ daâu bride; coâ ñôõ midwife; coâ hoï father’s female cousin 3 adj. (= coâi) R to be isolated, alone, lonely: thaân coâ theá coâ to be orphaned, lonely coâ ñoäc adj. lonely coâ ñôn adj. lonesome coâ laäp v., adj. stand in isolation; isolated: chính saùch coâ laäp isolationism coâ nhi n. orphan coâ nhi vieän n. orphanage coâ phuï n. widow coá 1 v. to make an effort, to try, to endeavor [with ñi, leân]: coá söùc to endeavor; coá heát söùc 40 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH coâng chuyeän to try, to do one’s best 2 n. great-grandfather (= cuï): coá ñaïo Catholic priest, missionary Father 3 adj. old, former, the late: coá toång thoáng Ngoâ Ñình Dieäm the late President Ngo Dinh Diem coá chaáp adj. obstinate, stubborn coá ñoâ n. old capital city coá gaéng v. to make efforts, to do one’s best coá höông n. native village coá höõu 1 n. old friend 2 adj. natural, innate coá nhaân n. old friend/lover coá nhieân adj., adv. of course, natural; naturally: leõ coá nhieân of course, naturally coá quoác n. native land coá saùt v. to commit murder coá taät n. defect, infirmity, disability coá tình adj. deliberate, intentional, purposely coá tri n. old acquaintance coá vaán n. adviser, counselor coá yù adv. purposely, intentionally coå 1 n. neck: coå aùo collar; coå tay wrist; coå chaân ankle; ngheån coå/vöôn coå to stretch one’s neck; toùm coå/tuùm coå to nab, to grab; coå hoïng throat 2 adj. old, ancient (= cuõ, xöa; opp. kim): loãi thôøi old-fashioned; ñôøi thöôïng coå ancient times; ñoà coå antique; thôøi trung coå the Middle Ages; Vieän Khaûo coå Institute of Archeology coå caùnh n. partisan, friendship, acquaintances [of office holders] coå ñieån adj., n. classical; classics: vaên phaùi coå ñieån classicism; nhaïc coå ñieån classical music coå ñoâng n. shareholder coå ñoäng v. to campaign for coå huõ adj. old-fashioned, conservative coå kính adj. ancient, old coå phaàn n. share, stock coå phong n. ancient customs coå söû n. ancient history coå thuï n. secular tree coå tích adj. old story, vestiges: truyeän coå tích old story, legend coå truyeàn adj. traditional coå vaên n. old literature coå voõ v. to stimulate, to excite; to encourage coå xuùy v. to applaud, to eulogize, to advocate coã n. set; banquet, feast; moät coã baøi a deck of cards; moät coã aùo quan [quan taøi] a coffin; moät coã xe a chariot; aên coã to attend a banquet; coã cöôùi wedding feast coác 1 n. (= ly) glass [any shape], tumbler: coác röõa maét eye cup; uoáng moät coác röôïu to drink a cup of wine 2 n. cereal, grain: nguõ coác, meã coác cereals 3 v. to rap someone’s head with the knuckle of one’s finger coäc adj. to be short: coäc tay short sleeves coäc loác adj. curt: traû lôøi coäc loác to answer curtly coâi adj. orphaned: moà coâi boá/cha to be fatherless; moà coâi meï to be motherless coâi cuùt adj. orphaned; waif-like coái n. mortar, mill: coái xay rice hulling mill; coái giaõ mortar, rice polisher; suùng coái mortar; suùng coái xay machine gun; coái xay caø pheâ coffee mill coãi adj. stunted: caèn coãi stunted and dried coãi reã n. root, origin coám n. grilled rice coäm adj. bulging; chafing with: buïi laøm coäm maét eyes chafing with dust coân n. fighting stick Coân Ñaûo n. Poulo Condore coân ñoà n. ruffian, hooligan, gangster Coân Minh n. Kunming coân truøng n. insects coân truøng hoïc n. entomology coàn 1 n. [sand] dune; river islet 2 n. alcohol 3 n. paste, gum coâng 1 n. peacock 2 n. efforts, R labor; credit: tieàn coâng wages, salary; baõi coâng/ñình coâng to go on strike; lao coâng labor; phaân coâng division of labor; thaønh coâng to succeed 3 adj. public, common [opp. tö]: cuûa coâng public funds; tröôøng coâng public school; xung coâng to confiscate; duïng coâng vi tö to use public funds for private purposes coâng an n. public security; police, secret service; policeman coâng an vieân n. security officer coâng baùo n. official gazette coâng baèng adj., adv. just, equitable, fair; justly, fairly, equitably coâng binh n. army engineer coâng bình See coâng baèng coâng boá v. to announce publicly, to publish, to make public coâng boäc n. public servant coâng caùn n. official mission coâng caùn uyû vieân n. chargé de mission; official commissioner coâng chính n. public works coâng chuùa n. princess coâng chuùng n. the public coâng chuyeän n. business; public affairs 41 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH coâng chöùc coâng chöùc n. government worker, public ser- coâng nôï n. debts vant, government employee coâng ôn n. good deed, gratitude coâng coäng adj. public: y teá coâng coäng public coâng phaù v. to storm, to attack coâng phaùp n. public law: coâng phaùp quoác teá health international law coâng cuoäc n. task, work, job, undertaking coâng danh n. reputation, titles, honors, posi- coâng phaït v. to have violent after-effects tion, career coâng phaãn adj. indignant coâng daân n. citizen: coâng daân giaùo duïc civic coâng phieáu n. state bond education coâng phu n., adj. toil, labor; elaborate coâng duïng n. use: coâng duïng hoaø bình cuûa coâng quaûn n. public administration, public nguyeân töû naêng the peaceful uses of atomic energy coâng ñaøn n. public forum coâng ñieàn n. village-owned ricefield; public field coâng ñieän n. official telegram coâng ñoaøn n. trade union coâng ñöùc n. virtue, morality, good deed Coâng giaùo n. Catholicism, Catholic coâng haøm n. diplomatic letter coâng haõm v. to attack coâng hieäu n., adj. effectiveness, efficiency; authority coâng coâng coâng coâng coâng quyõ n. public/state funds saûn n. public property sôû n. government office, public service suaát n. capacity, power taùc n. work, task, job, assignment, oper- ation, official business coâng taùc phí n. traveling expenses for official business coâng taéc n. switch: coâng taéc ñieän power switch coâng taâm n. sense of justice, impartiality coâng thöï n. government building efficient, effected coâng thöùc n. formula coâng ích n. public interest/welfare, public good coâng toá vieân n. prosecutor coâng keânh v. to carry [somebody] astride on coâng tô n. meter: coâng tô ñieän electricity meter coâng töû n. mandarin’s son; dude, dandy one’s shoulder coâng khai adj. to be done in the open or publicly coâng töôùc n. duke coâng kích v. to attack: coâng kích ai to attack coâng traùi n. public debt; government bond someone coâng tröôøng n. square; construction site, coâng laäp adj. public, state: tröôøng coâng laäp building site public school coâng trình n. undertaking, work; project; coâng lao n. labor, work, credit monument coâng leä n. rule, law coâng ty n. firm, company, corporation: coâng ty xuaát nhaäp khaåu an import and export coâng luaän n. public opinion, public forum coâng lyù n. justice company coâng minh adj. just, fair coâng vaên n. official letter, official document coâng ngheä n. industry; technology: coâng coâng vieäc n. work, job, business, task ngheä tin hoïc information technology coâng vieân n. public park coâng ngheä ngheä thoâ thoâng ng tin n. information technol- coâng voa n. convoy coâng vuï n. civil service, official business ogy coâng nghieäp n. industry; work: coâng nghieäp coâng xa n. government car nheï light industry coâng xöôûng n. workshop, shop; factory coâng nghieäp hoaù v. to industrialize coáng 1 n. sewer 2 v. R to offer as a tribute coâng nhaân n. worker, employee coáng hieán v. to offer, to dedicate, to contribcoâng nhaân vieân n. public servant, governute ment employee coàng n. gong coâng nhaän v. to recognize, to grant, to admit coàng keành adj. cumbersome coâng nhaät n. daily wages; job paid by the day coång n. gate, entrance; level crossing coâng nhieân adv. publicly, openly coäng 1 v. to add: tính coäng sum, addition; coâng nho n. public funds 2 coäng vôùi 3 two plus three; toång coäng total coâng noâng n. worker and peasant: giai caáp 2 adj. common: coäng saûn communist; baát coâng noâng worker and peasant class coäng ñaùi thieân to be deadly enemies; [of 42 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH côûi sounds] to be complementary distribution; Trung Coäng Chinese communists; choáng coäng/baøi coäng anti-communist coäng ñoàng n., adj. community; common, collective: trung taâm sinh hoaït coäng ñoàng community center; keá hoaïch phaùt trieån coäng ñoàng community development project; phoøng thuû coäng ñoàng collective defense coäng hoaø n., adj. republic; republican Coäng saûn n. communist: ñaûng Coäng saûn Communist party coäng söï vieân n. colleague coäng taùc v. to collaborate [vôùi with], to cooperate; to contribute coát 1 n. (= xöông) bones, skeleton; frame-work: xöông coát bones; haøi coát remains; noøng coát foundation; beâ toâng coát saét concrete framework 2 adj., v. to be essential to; to aim at coát caùn n. loyal cadre, party veteran [communist] coát nhuïc n. blood relationship: tình coát nhuïc töông taøn interfamilial quarrel, internecine war coát truyeän n. plot, frame work coát tuyû n. marrow; essence, quintessence coát töû adj. most essential, most fundamental coát yeáu adj. basic, essential, vital: trình baøy nhöõng ñieåm coát yeáu to present the essential points coät 1 n. [SV truï] pillar, column, pole, post, poster: coät côø flagpole; coät buoàm mast; coät caây soá milestone; coät giaây theùp telegraph pole; coät truï pillar, mainstay 2 v. to tie up, to bind: coät daây giaøy to tie one’s shoelaces cô 1 n. occasion; opportunity, circumstances: cô hoäi opportunity; thöøa cô to seize an opportunity; sa cô (thaát theá) to fail; thaát cô to lose the opportunity; tuyø cô (öùng bieán) to adapt oneself to the circumstances; nguy cô danger 2 n. R machine, machinery, mechanism; R airplane: chieán ñaáu cô fighter; oanh taïc cô bomber; phaûn löïc cô jet plane; noâng cô farm machinery; ñoäng cô engine, motor; höõu cô [chemistry] organic; voâ cô inorganic 3 n. muscle [anatomy]: cô nhò ñaàu biceps; cô tam ñaàu triceps; cô voøng sphincter cô baûn n., adj. fundamental, elementary, basic cô caáu n. structure: cô caáu toå chöùc chính quyeàn ñòa phöông the organizing structures of local government cô cheá n. mechanism, structure; organization cô cöïc adj., n. very poor and hard up; hard life cô ñoà n. family estate, undertaking Cô Ñoác giaùo n. Christ, Christianity, Christian cô giôùi n. machine, mechanical implement: cô giôùi hoaù to mechanize cô cô cô cô haøn n. poverty, hunger and cold hoïc n. mechanics hoà adv. very nearly, almost hoäi n. opportunity, chance: lôïi duïng cô hoäi to take advantage of, to avail oneself of cô khí n. mechanism, machinery cô man adj. innumerable, countless: cô man naøo laøø… so many...; cô man naøo maø keå enor- mous quantities, countless numbers maät n. secret möu n. ruse, stratagem naêng n. ability, function nghieäp n. assets, fortune quan n. organ, organism, agency, foundation: Cô quan Nguyeân töû naêng Quoác teá International Atomic Energy Agency; Cô quan Maõi dòch Trung öông Central Purchasing Agency; Cô quan An toaøn Hoã töông Mutual Security Agency; Cô quan Vaên hoùa AÙ chaâu Asia Foundation cô sôû n. base, installation, organ, establishment: haï taàng cô sôû infrastructure cô ô sôû s döõõ lie lieääu n. database cô theå n. human body; organism cô theå hoïc n. anatomy; cô theå hoïc vieän Institute of Anatomy côù n. reason, excuse, pretext: Côù sao? Vì côù gì? Why? For what reason?; chöùng côù evidence, proof; laáy côù ñi hoïc buoåi toái under the pretext of going to night school côø 1 n. [SV kyø] flag, banner: haï côø to lower the flag; keùo côø to raise or hoist the flag; treo côø to display flags; phaát côø/vaãy côø to wave the flag; coät côø flagpole; caùn côø flagstaff; côø ruõ flag at half mast; leã chaøo côø flag-raising ceremony, salute to the colors; côø traéng flag of truce; môû côø trong buïng to be jolly glad 2 n. [SV kyø] chess: côø töôùng Chinese chess; ñaùnh côø to play chess; con côø/quaân côø chessman; baøn côø chessboard; cao côø to be a good chess player; moät nöôùc côø a move [with ñi to make] côø baïc v., n. to gamble; gambling côøi v. to get [something from a tree, roof, hole] by means of a stick côûi v. to untie, to unfasten, to unbutton; to take off: côûi quaàn aùo to take off clothes; côûi traàn to be half naked; côûi truoàng to be naked; côûi môû to liberalize, to ease, to relax cô cô cô cô cô 43 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH côõi riches: cuûa caûi property, belongings; cuûa coâng public funds, state property 2 prep. of: cuoán tieåu thuyeát cuûa oâng aáy vieát the novel which he wrote; caùi va-li cuûa OÂng Nam Mr. côõi See cöôõi côm n. [SV phaïn] cooked rice, food: böõa côm meal; côm teû ordinary rice; côm rang/côm chieân fried rice; côm nguoäi cold rice; côm neáp glutinous rice; naáu/thoåi côm to cook rice; laøm côm to cook, to prepare a meal; aên côm to eat; côm taây French food; côm ñen opium; côm caù maém jail food côm aùo n. food and clothing; living supply côm nöôùc n. food, meals côm toi n. wasted money côn n. outburst, fit: côn möa squall of rain; côn giaän a fit of anger; côn doâng storm; côn ho an attack of coughing; côn gioù a gust [or blast] of wind; côn soát a fit of fever côõn n. heat, rut: ñoäng côõn bestrum côït v. to joke, to jest: cöôøi côït to jest; ñuøa côùt/ rieãu côït to joke, to make jokes cu 1 n. cock, prick: thaèng cu Tí little boy Ti 2 n. dove cu li n. coolie cuù 1 n. owl: con cuù meøo screeching owl; maét cuù peevish eyes; hoâi nhö cuù to stink 2 n. R sentence (= caâu): cuù phaùp syntax; thô baùt cuù eight-line poem 3 n. blow; [football, soccer] shot: ñaù moät cuù banh to kick a ball cuø v. to tickle (= thoïc leùt) cuø lao n. island cuû n. bulb, edible root, tuber: moät cuû haønh taây an onion; moät cuû khoai lang a sweet potato; moät cuû khoai taây a potato cuû soaùt v. to check, to verify cuõ adj. [SV cöïu] old, used, secondhand, former [opp. môùi]: baïn cuõ old friend; saùch cuõ secondhand book; quaàn aùo cuõ used clothes; nhö cuõ as before, as previously cuõ kyõ adj. old, oldish cuõ rích adj. [of story] very old cuï 1 n. very old person; great-grand parents: cuï oâng great-grandfather; cuï baø greatgrandmother; oâng cuï giaø old man; sö cuï head monk 2 n. R all the whole; R implement, tool: duïng cuï tool, instrument; khí cuï tool, implement; nhaïc cuï musical instrument; noâng cuï farm tool, farm equipment; quaân cuï military equipment cuï theå adj., adv. concrete, tangible; concretely, real [opp. tröôøu töôïng] cuï theå hoaù v. to concretize cua n. crab: cua beå sea crabs; cua ñoàng ricefield crabs; ngang nhö cua to be stubborn cuûa 1 n. belongings, possession, property, Nam’s suitcase boá thí n. alms, charities chìm n. hidden wealth/property ñuùt loùt n. bribe gia taøi n. family heritage gia baûo n. heirloom hoái loä n. bribe noåi n. material wealth; real estate hoài moân n. dowry phi nghóa n. ill-acquired wealth 1 n. daisy, chrysanthemum: hoa cuùc chrysanthemum flower 2 n. (= khuy) button cuïc 1 n. ball, piece, broken piece: cuïc gaïch a piece of brick; cuïc ñaù a piece of stone; cuïc maùu a clot of blood; cuïc nöôùc ñaù ice cube; ñoùng cuïc to clot 2 n. R position, situation, circumstances; office, bureau, agency: böu cuïc post office; chi cuïc branch office; phaân cuïc branch office; toång cuïc head office 3 adj. rude, vulgar; brutal: cuïc caèn rude, impolite; cuïc kòch/cuïc mòch boorish cuïc suùc adj. brutish cuïc taùc v. [of hens] to cackle cuùi v. to bend over, to bow down: cuùi ñaàu xuoáng to bow down cuøi 1 n. pulp, meat [of fruit, nut]: cuøi döøa copra 2 n. leper (= huûi): beänh cuøi leprosy; traïi cuøi leper colony cuûi 1 n. firewood, fuel: kieám cuûi to gather twigs; chôû cuûi veà röøng to carry coals to Newcastle 2 n. cage, kennel: cuûi choù doghouse; thaùo cuûi soå loàng to be freed, emancipated cuùm n. influenza, flu; gripe: bò beänh cuùm to have flu; cuùm gia caàm bird-flu cuøm v. to shackle, to be in fetters, to chain cuïm n. cluster, clump, tuft, grove: moät cuïm hoa a cluster of flowers cuøn adj. dull, blunt; rusty: dao cuøn a blunt knife cuõn côõn adj. too short: quaàn ngaén cuûn côõn very short pants cung 1 n. bow; arc [math]: baén cung to shoot arrows 2 n. declaration, testimonial, evidence: hoûi cung to interrogate; khaåu cung oral statement; phaûn cung to retract one’s statement 3 n. palace, temple, dwelling: hoaøng cung imperial palace; ñoâng cung heir-apparent, crown prince; thieân cung the arch of Heaven; cuûa cuûa cuûa cuûa cuûa cuûa cuûa cuûa cuûa cuùc 44 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH cöù töû cung womb; Baïch Cung the White House 4 v., n. R to supply; supply [opp. caàu]: cung caáp thöïc phaåm to supply food cung caàu n. supply and demand: luaät cung caàu the laws of supply and demand cung chuùc v. to express respectful wishes: Cung chuùc Taân Xuaân Happy New Year cung döôõng v. to feed, to take care, to support [parents] cung ñieän n. palaces: cung ñieän hoaøng gia royal palace cung cung cung cung cung cung hieán v. to offer, to donate khai v. to declare, to admit, to confess kính adj. respectful nöõ n. imperial maid phi n. imperial concubine öùng v. to provide, to answer, to supply: cung öùng thöïc phaåm to supply food cuùng v. to worship, to offer sacrifices, to make offerings: cuùng leã oâng baø to make offerings and pray to ancestors; ñoà cuùng offerings cuøng 1 adj., v., conj. same; to follow; with, and: cuøng nhau with one another, together; cuøng moät luùc at the same time, simultaneously; anh em cuøng cha khaùc meï half-brothers; tam cuøng [communist] the three “togethers” (eat together, live together, work together) 2 n. the end, limit, destitute, without resources: cuøng khoå/cuøng khoán very poor; chieán ñaáu cho tôùi cuøng to fight to the end; voâ cuøng limitless, extremely [precedes or follows adjective]; kyø cuøng until the end, to the last; hang cuøng ngoõ heûm nooks and corners cuøng cöïc adj. utmost cuøng ñöôøng adj. deadlock, at the end of a road cuøng nhau adv. together cuûng coá v. to strengthen, to consolidate cuõng adv. also, too [precedes main verb]; all right [optionally follows keå]; [should not be translated in inclusive statements having indefinites ai, gì, naøo, ñaâu, bao giôø] cuoác 1 v. to dig out, to dig up: cuoác ñaát to dig soil 2 n. ride [in rickshaw, pedicab, taxi] cuoác boä v. to walk, to take a walk cuoäc 1 n. for games, parties, meetings, actions, etc. (= cuïc): coâng cuoäc job, work, undertaking; thôøi cuoäc current situation, current affairs; Quoác gia Noâng tín cuoäc National Agricultural Credit Bureau 2 v. to bet, to wager (= caù): Toâi cuoäc vôùi anh naøy I bet you; ñöôïc cuoäc to win a bet cuoái n. end; bottom [of list; last]: cuoái cuøng at last, finally; cuoái naêm nay at the end of this year; ñoaïn cuoái the end [of story, book, film]; töø ñaàu chí cuoái from beginning to end cuoäi adj. nonsensical, lying: noùi nhaêng noùi cuoäi to talk nonsense cuoãm v. to steal, to filch, to swipe cuoàn cuoän v. [of waters] to whirl cuoán 1 v., n. [SV quyeån] to roll, [of wind, water] to carry away; roll, volume 2 v., n. to roll; roll to wrap-up: cuoán chaû gioø spring roll, goûi cuoán fresh roll [using a lettuce leaf as wrapping, pork and shrimps as fillings] cuoán goùi v. to pack off and to clear out cuoän v., n. to roll up; roll [of paper giaáy], spool [of thread chæ] cuoän leâ leân v. to scroll up cuoáng 1 n. stalk, stem; stub 2 adj., v. to be panic-stricken, to be nervous; to lose one’s head; to be at a loss cuoáng cuoàng adj. utterly agitated, panicky cuoáng hoïng n. throat, esophagus: ñau cuoáng hoïng sore throat cuoáng phoåi n. bronchia cuoáng quít v. to lose one’s head cuoáng ruoät thöøa n. appendix [anatomy] cuoàng adj. mad, crazy, insane: ñieân cuoàng raging, violent cuoàng nhieät adj. fanatic(al) cuoàng phong n. furious gale, tempest cuoàng tín adj. fanatic(al) cuoàng voïng n. crazy ambition cuùp 1 v. to cut, to reduce: cuùp löông to cut salary 2 n. cup, trophy: cuùp Ña-vít Davis cup cuïp v. to close [umbrella oâ]; [of tail, ears] to droop cuùt v. to scram: Cuùt ñi! Scram! Beat it! Get lost! cuït adj. short; lame: cuït chaân crippled; cuït ñaàu headless; cuït ñuoâi tailless; caét cuït cut, chopped cö v. R to dwell, to reside, to live (= ôû): di cö to migrate, to move, to evacuate; ñònh cö to settle [refugees]; hoài cö to come back to the city [after an evacuation]; taûn cö to evacuate; daân cö inhabitant, population cö daân n. inhabitant, population cö nguï v. to dwell, to reside, to live cö só n. retired scholar; retired official cö truù v. to dwell, to reside, to live cö xöû v. to behave cöù 1 n. R evidence, proof: baèng cöù/chöùng cöù evidence 2 v., adv. to continue to [precedes main verb], to act despite advice or warning: 45 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH cöù ñieåm Cöù ñi ñi! Go ahead [never mind]; Cöù noùi ñi! Keep talking! cöù ñieåm n. base, main point cöù lieäu n. data cöø adj. excellent, smart, outstanding cöû 1 v. to appoint, to send [an official]; ñöôïc cöû giöõ chöùc to be appointed 2 v. R to lift [weight taï]; to begin; to move; to raise [army binh]: cöû taï to lift weight cöû chæ n. gesture, attitude: cöû chæ leã pheùp a polite attitude cöû ñoäng v., n. to move; motion, movement cöû haønh v. to be held; to perform, to celebrate: cöû haønh buoåi leã quoác khaùnh to celebrate National Day cöû nhaân n. bachelor [degree]; bachelor’s degree, licentiate: toát nghieäp cöû nhaân vaên khoa ban tieáng Anh to graduate with a Bachelor of Arts in English degree cöû toaï n. audience cöû tri n. voter cöõ 1 n. cycle, epoch, period 2 v. to abstain from (= kieâng) cöï v. to resist, to scold cöï phaùch adj. outstanding, celebrity, prominent cöï tuyeät v. to refuse, to reject cöa v. to saw, to amputate; [slang] to overcharge: thôï cöa sawyer; maït cöa sawdust; xöôûng cöa, nhaø maùy cöa sawmill; maùy cöa, cöa maùy power saw; hình raêng cöa serrate, serrulate cöùa v. to cut, to saw off [with a dull knife]; to charge [high fees] cöûa n. [SV moân] door: cöûa lôùn, cöûa ra vaøo main door; cöûa soå window; cöûa vaøo entrance; cöûa ra exit; nhaø cöûa house(s), housing; caùnh cöûa door flap; baäc cöûa threshold; quaû ñaám cöûa door knob; then cöûa door latch; ngöôõng cöûa threshold cöûa beå n. seaport cöûa chôùp n. shutters cöûa coâng n. government office/department; court, tribunal cöûa haøng n. store, shop cöûa nhaø n. house, household; housing cöûa oâ n. city gate cöûa Phaät n. Buddhist temple cöûa soâng n. estuary cöûa tieäm n. store, shop, department store cöïa 1 n. spur [of rooster] 2 v. to move, to stir; cöïa caäy/cöïa quaäy to move; cöïa mình to toss cöïc 1 n. R pole [geography and physics], extreme; R extremely: aâm cöïc cathode; döông cöïc anode; Baéc cöïc North Pole; Nam cöïc South Pole; ñieän cöïc electric pole; töø cöïc magnetic pole; cöïc cuøng teân like poles; cöïc khaùc teân opposite or unlike poles; cöïc ñeïp awfully pretty; cöïc khoù extremely difficult 2 adj. to be desperately in need, hard, suffering cöïc chaúng ñaõ v. to be against one’s will cöïc ñaïi n., adj. maximum cöïc ñieåm n. maximum, extreme, climax: ñeán/ tôùi cöïc ñieåm to come to the utmost; to reach the utmost cöïc cöïc cöïc cöïc cöïc cöïc cöïc ñoan adj. extreme, extremist ñoä n. extreme degree, limit höõu adj. extreme right khoå adj. poor; miserable kyø adv. extremely laïc n. extreme happiness; paradise löïc adv. strongly, energetically, categori- cally cöïc taû adj. extreme left cöïc thònh adj. prosperous, very rich cöïc tieåu n., adj. minimum cöûi n. loom: deät cöûi to weave; khung cöûi loom cöng v. to cherish, to coddle, to pamper cöng cöùng adj. a bit hard (= cöùng) cöùng adj. hard; strong, stiff, tough, rigid [opp. meàm]: goã cöùng hard wood cöùng caùp adj. robust, strong, tough cöùng coûi adj. firm: thaùi ñoä cöùng coûi a firm attitude cöùng coå adj. stubborn, headstrong, pigheaded cöùng ñaàu adj. stubborn, headstrong, pigheaded cöùng ñôø adj. stiff: hai chaân toâi cöùng ñôø my legs are stiff cöùng hoïng adj. speechless, dumbfounded [at one’s wit’s end] löôõi adj. speechless, dumbfounded ngaéc adj. rigid raén adj. tough, firm, resolute n. postage, transportation charges: cöôùc phí böu phaåm postal fee cöôùc chuù n. footnote cöôùc phí n. postage, transportation charges cöôùi v. [SV hoân, thuù] to marry: ñaùm cöôùi wedding procession; leã cöôùi wedding ceremony; aên cöôùi to attend a wedding [banquet]; aùo cöôùi wedding gown, wedding dress; coã cöôùi/ tieäc cöôùi wedding banquet cöôùi hoûi n. marriage, wedding cöôùi xin n. (= cöôùi hoûi) marriage, wedding cöùng cöùng cöùng cöôùc 46 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH cöïu cöôøi v. [SV tieáu] to smile, to laugh; to laugh at, to ridicule, to mock: mæm cöôøi to smile; buoàn cöôøi to feel like laughing, to be funny; baät cöôøi to burst out laughing; cheâ cöôøi to laugh at, to ridicule; troø cöôøi laughing stock; cöôøi chuùm chím to smile; cöôøi gaèn to chuckle; cöôøi göôïng to smirk; cöôøi khì a silly laugh; cöôøi khuùc khích to giggle; cöôøi nuï to smile; cöôøi aàm, cöôøi oà, cöôøi nhö naéc neû, cöôøi ruõ röôïi to roar with laughter, cachinnate; cöôøi noân ruoät, cöôøi vôõ buïng to shake or to split one’s sides with laughing cöôøi côït v. to joke, to jest: Khoâng neân cöôøi côït. Don’t joke. cöôõi v. [SV kî] to ride: cöôõi ngöïa to ride a horse; cöôõi xe gaén maùy to ride a motorcycle cöôøm n. glass bead cöông 1 n. reins: cöông ngöïa horse’s rein; caàm cöông to hold the reins 2 adj. R hard, inflexible, unyielding (= cöùng; opp. nhu) 3 v. to improvise cöông lónh n. platform, principal guidelines cöông muïc n. summary, outline cöông quyeát adj. determined; strong-willed cöông thöôøng n. constant obligations of morality cöông toaû n. restrictions [to one’s freedom]; shackles cöông tröïc adj. upright cöông vò n. position, status cöông yeáu n. fundamentals, essentials cöôøng adj. R strong, powerful (= maïnh): phuù cöôøng to be prosperous [as a nation]; lieät cöôøng the world powers; tam cöôøng Big Three cöôøng baïo adj. viciously cruel cöôøng döông adj. aphrodisiac cöôøng ñieäu v. to exaggerate, to magnify cöôøng ñoä n. intensity cöôøng haøo n. village tyrant cöôøng löïc n. force [as an instrument] cöôøng quoác n. powerful great nation cöôøng quyeàn n. brute force, cruel power cöôøng thònh adj. prosperous, flourishing: xaây döïng ñaát nöôùc cöôøng thònh to build a prosperous country cöôøng traùng adj. hale and healthy, vigorous, robust cöôõng v. to compel, to force: mieãn cöôõng to be reluctant, be unwilling; reluctantly, unwillingly cöôõng baùch v. to make compulsory, to force, to coerce: lao ñoäng cöôõng baùch forced labor; cöôõng baùch giaùo duïc compulsory education; cöôõng baùch toøng quaân compulsory military service cöôõng daâm v. to rape cöôõng eùp v. to force, to coerce: töï nguyeän laøm chöù khoâng ai cöôõng eùp to do something of one’s free will, not under coercion cöôùp v. to rob, to loot, to ransack: aên cöôùp to rob; cöôùp ngoâi to usurp the throne; keû cöôùp robber, bandit, pirate; cöôùp boùc to rob, to loot; cöôùp ñoaït to take over by robbery; cöôùp giaät to rob by snatching cöùt n. excrement, feces; dung (= phaân): cöùt saét [iron] dross, slag, cinder, scoria; maàu cöùt ngöïa khaki cöu mang v. to carry in one’s womb; to support cöùu v. to save, to rescue: caàu cöùu to seek help; caáp cöùu [to give] first aid, emergency aid cöùu caùnh n. the end; the purpose [opp. phöông tieän the means] cöùu giuùp v. to help, to relieve cöùu hoûa v. to put out a fire: lính cöùu hoûa fireman; ñoäi cöùu hoaû fire brigade cöùu quoác v. to save the country cöùu teá v., n. to aid, to give relief to; aid cöùu theá v. to save the world: Chuùa Cöùu theá the Savior; doøng Chuùa Cöùu theá the Redemptionists cöùu thöông v. to give first aid: xe cöùu thöông ambulance; nöõ cöùu thöông nurse cöùu tinh n. the Savior cöùu vaõn v. to save: cöùu vaõn tình theá to save the situation cöùu vieän v. to aid, to assist, to reinforce: cöùu vieän naïn nhaân thieân tai to aid the victims of natural disasters cöùu vôùt v. to rescue, to save cöùu xeùt v. to consider cöøu n. sheep: cöøu caùi ewe; cöøu non lamb; thòt cöøu mutton; cöøu ñöïc ram; ngöôøi chaên cöøu shepherd cöûu num. R nine (= chín): ñeä cöûu chu nieân the ninth year cöûu chöông n. multiplication table: hoïc thuoäc baûn cöûu chöông to learn the multiplication table by heart Cöûu Long Giang n. the Mekong River cöõu n. R coffin: linh cöõu bier cöïu adj. R old, used (= cuõ); R former [opp. taân]: thuû cöïu conservative; cöïu giaùm ñoác former director; tay kyø cöïu old timer, veteran; cöïu binh só/cöïu chieán binh war veteran; toáng cöïu 47 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH Cöïu Kim Sôn to be pregnant; treû ngöôøi non daï young and nghinh taân to bide farewell to the Old Year and to welcome the New Year immature; ghi loøng taïc daï to remember for ever Cöïu Kim Sôn n. San Francisco: ñi thaêm thaønh daï con n. uterus: chöûa ngoaøi daï con extraphoá Cöïu Kim Sôn to visit San Francisco uterine pregnancy cöïu nho n. traditionally trained scholar daï daøy n. stomach (= bao töû): ñau daï daøy cöïu traøo n. former dynasty stomach-ache Cöïu Öôùc n. Old Testament daï du n. sleep walking at night daï ñaøi n. hell daï haønh n. night journey daï hoäi n. evening party da n. [SV bì] skin, hide, leather: nöôùc da com- daï höông n. hyacinth plexion; loät da to skin; leân da non [of wound] daï khaùch n. night visitor, night guest to heal; ngöôøi da ñen colored person, negro, daï khuùc n. serenade daï quang adj. luminous negress; ngöôøi/moïi da ñoû Indian, Redskin; nhaø maùy thuoäc da tannery; da laùng patent daï vuõ n. night-time dance party leather; da lôïn pig skin; caùi da boïc xöông to daï xoa n. ugly creature be emaciated daï yeán n. evening party, night feast da deû n. complexion daïc adj. to be worn out, threadbare da dieát adj. gnawing, tormenting dai adj. tough, leathery; solid, durable, resisda gaø n. goose-flesh, the creeps tant: nhôù dai to remember for a long time; da lieãu n. venereal diseases: bò beänh da lieãu soáng dai to live long; noùi dai to be persistent to have venereal diseases in speech da thòt n. skin and flesh dai daúng adj. dragged out da thuoäc n. leather: giaày baèng da thuoäc dai nhaùch adj. very tough: mieáng thòt dai nhaùch very tough meat leather shoes da trôøi n. sky-blue daùi n. genitals, penis: hoøn daùi testicles; daùi tai ear lobe daõ v. to neutralize the effect of [alcohol, liquor röôïu, poison ñoäc]: daõ röôïu to neutralize the daøi adj. long, lengthy: beà daøi/chieàu daøi length; effect of alcohol keùo daøi to stretch, to drag on; naèm daøi to lie daõ ca n. pastoral song, folk song down, to stretch oneself; thôû daøi to sigh, to have a sigh daõ caàm n. wild animals daõ chieán n. field combat, fighting in the coun- daøi gioøng/doøng adj. [of speech, writing] longtryside winded, lengthy, verbose, wordy: daõ man adj. savage, barbarian daøi haïn n. long-term: chöông trình daøi haïn daõ nhaân n. peasant, boor; orang utan long-term program daõ söû n. chronicle; unofficial history daøi leâ theâ adj. very very long; hanging, flowing daõ taâm n. wild ambition, wicked intention daøi löng adj. lazy, idle daõ thuù n. wild animals, wild beast daøi löôùt thöôùt adj. very long and trailing daõ traøng n. little sand crab which carries sand daûi n. belt, band, ribbon: daûi nuùi range of on the beach mountain; daûi soâng river daï 1 intj. [polite particle] Yes! [I’m here, I’m daõi 1 n. saliva: mieäng ñaày nöôùc daõi the coming, I heard you]; (= vaâng) Yes, you’re mouth full of saliva; troâng theøm roû daõi to right; Yes, I’ll do that; No, it’s not so [you’re make one’s mouth water 2 v. to be exposed, right]: daï khoâng; goïi daï baûo vaâng to say daï to lie with one’s legs apart; to spread out daõi daàu v. to be exposed [to the elements] when summoned and vaâng when told something; to be obedient, well-behaved 2 n. felt; daïi adj. stupid, imprudent, unwise [opp. khoân]; wool: muõ daï felt hat; chaên daï woolen blanket; wild; berserk, insane, mad [with hoùa to become, to go]; numb: khôø daïi dumb; choù daïi aùo daï woolen dress 3 n. stomach, abdomen; heart, courage: haû daï content, satisfied; chaéc mad dog; beänh choù daïi rabies daï/vöõng daï to be sure; saùng daï intelligent; daïi doät adj. to be dumb, foolish, stupid buïng daï/loøng daï heart; gan daï courageous; daïi gaùi v. to fall for a skirt, to be manipulated toái daï dull, slow-witted; buïng mang daï chöûa by girls D 48 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH daønh daùm v. to dare, to venture: khoâng daùm I dare not [accept your thanks, compliments or apologies], do not mention it, not at all, you’re welcome daïm v. to touch up; to request, to offer marriage; to offer [for sale] daïm baùn v. to offer for sale daïm hoûi v. to propose marriage daïm mua v. to offer to purchase daïm vôï v. to propose marriage dan díu v. to be in love with, to have an affair with daùn v. to stick, to paste, to glue: caám daùn giaáy stick no bills; daùn muõi vaøo cöûa kính to press one’s nose against the shop window; to window shop daøn v. to put in order, to arrange, to display daøn baøi n. outline, sketch [a piece of writing]: vieát daøn baøi baøi luaän to write an outline of an essay daøn binh v. to deploy troops daøn caûnh v. to stage a play; to arrange a situation: nhaø daøn caûnh stage manager, producer daøn traän v. to deploy troops for a battle daøn xeáp v. to make arrangements; to arrange, to settle: daøn xeáp cuoäc gaëp maët hai beân to arrange the meeting for both sides daïn adj. to be accustomed to, hardened to; to be bold, daring, brave: baïo daïn to be shameless daïn daøy adj. shameless, brazen daïn maët adj. shameless, brazen dang v. to extend, to spread out, to hold out: dang tay to hold hands out dang dôû adj. See dôû dang daùng n. air, attitude, appearance; posture, bearing, gait: ra daùng to look, to appear; coù daùng to look well; laøm daùng to be coquettish; to be particular about one’s appearance daùng boä n. air; look; behavior, conduct daùng caùch n. manner, way, behavior daùng chöøng adv. it seems that, it appears that, it looks as if daùng daáp n. manner, air: daùng daáp ngöôøi coù hoïc an educated manner daùng ñi n. gait, bearing daùng ñieäu n. gesture, gait daïng n. form, air, shape: hình daïng shape; boä daïng air; appearance; giaû daïng to pretend danh n. R name; reputation, renown, fame: danh giaù/danh tieáng reputation; höõu danh, tröù danh R famous; bieät danh alias; coù danh, höõu danh famous, celebrated; giaû danh to pretend to be [laøm follows]; ham/hieáu danh fame thirsty; voâ danh unknown, unnamed, unidentified, anonymous; coâng danh honors [of office]; ñieåm danh to call the roll danh baï n. roll, roster, registration danh buùt n. famous writer, well-known author danh ca n. famous singer, well-known pop star: nöõ danh ca famous songstress danh caàm n. famous musician danh döï n., adj. honor; honorary: baûo veä danh döï quoác gia to protect the honor of the nation danh ñoâ n. famous city danh gia n. famous family danh giaù n., adj. reputation; honorable: laøm maát danh giaù to dishonor; to disagree danh hieäu n. famous name/label, appellation danh hoaï n. famous painting danh lam n. famous scenery, well-known temple: ñi thaêm danh lam thaéng caûnh to visit a famous scene danh lôïi n. fame and wealth: chaïy ñua voøng danh lôïi to rush for fame and wealth danh nghóa n. name, appellation: Laáy danh nghóa gì? In what name?, What do you stand for? danh ngoân n. famous words, well-known sayings danh nhaân n. famous man, celebrity: danh nho famous scholar danh phaùp n. nomenclature danh phaåm n. famous literary work danh phaän n. high position, reputation danh saùch n. name list, roll, roster: laäp danh saùch nhöõng ngöôøi tham döï buoåi hoïp ngaøy hoâm nay to make a list of participants of today’s meeting só n. famous scholar sö n. famous teacher; famous doctor taøi n. person of talent, genius thieáp n. business card thôm n. good name, good reputation tieát n. reputation, moral integrity töø n. substantive, noun [in grammar]; vocabulary, terminology danh töôùng n. famous general danh vò n. reputation, honor [in office]; dignity danh voïng n. fame, renown [in office]; aspiration, ambition danh xöng n. appellation, official name danh y n. famous doctor daønh v. to set aside, to put aside: daønh rieâng to reserve; ñeå daønh tieàn to save money danh danh danh danh danh danh danh 49 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH daønh duïm daønh duïm v. to save dao n. knife: maøi dao to sharpen a knife, to grind a knife caïo n. razor caàu n. apothecary’s chopper díp n. pocket knife ñoäng v. to oscillate, to swing: dao ñoäng ñoàng boä synchronous oscillations dao ñoäng ñoà n. oscillogram dao ñoäng kyù n. oscillograph dao gaêm n. dagger dao khuùc n. popular ballad dao moå n. scalpel dao phay n. kitchen knife; butcher’s knife, cleaver dao röïa n. cleaver daïo 1 n. times, period: daïo aáy at that time [past]; daïo tröôùc before, previously; daïo naøy these days; daïo noï at that time [past]; moät daïo once 2 v. to wander, to stroll, to take a walk 3 v. to try: daïo ñaøn to play a few bars daùt v. to laminate, to make thinner, to roll daït daøo v. to overflow day v. to turn [one’s back löng]; to rub one’s hands together day döùt v. to harass daøy adj. thick [opp. moûng]; to be thick, dense [opp. thöa]: söông muø daøy ñaëc dense mist; maët daøy shameless, brazen daøy daïn adj. inured to, familiar with daøy coâng n. many efforts; with great efforts daïy v. [SV giaùo] to teach, to instruct, to train, to educate; to order: daïy tieáng Anh to teach English; deã daïy docile; khoù daïy unruly, unmanageable; maát daïy ill-bred daïy baûo v. to educate, to teach, to instruct: daïy baûo con caùi to educate children daïy doã v. to teach, to bring up daïy hoïc v. to teach in a schoo daïy keøm v. to tutor someone at home daêm adj. a few, some: daêm ba quaû cam some oranges daèm splinter daëm n. [SV lyù] mile; road: daëm Anh English mile; nghìn daëm far away daëm tröôøng n. long way/journey daèn v. to press; to contain [oneself]; to emphasize; to put down violently: daèn doãi to be angry because of hurt daën v. to enjoin, to instruct, to advise: daën doø caån thaän to recommend carefully; lôøi daën instruction [for use, in manual, etc.], advice dao dao dao dao daêng v. (= giaêng) to spread out, to stretch out daèng v. to pull something with someone daèng co v. to pull someone in a struggle daèng dai v. to drag ou daèng daëc adj. interminable, endless daét v. to lead by the hand, to guide; to carry daét díu v. to go or come together daâm adj. lustful, sexy, lewd: khieâu daâm sexy; cöôõng daâm/hieáp daâm to rape; ña daâm lustful; loaïn daâm incest; thoâng daâm to commit adultery; thuû daâm to masturbate daâm buït n. hibiscus daâm duïc n., adj. lust, lewdness; lustful daâm ñaõng adj. lustful, debauched: con ngöôøi daâm ñaõng a lustful person daâm loaïn adj. immoral, wanton, incestuous daâm oâ adj. obscene, lewd daâm phuï n. adulteress daâm thö n. pornographic book daám duùi v. to take secretly daàm 1 v. to dip, to soak, to macerate: ñaùi daàm to wet the bed; möa daàm to drizzle for days 2 n. paddle, oar daàm deà adj. soaked, drenched, soaking wet, overflowing: nöôùc maét daàm deà eyes overflowing with tears daàm möa v. to work/walk or stay in the rain daàm söông v. to work/walk/stay in the dew [or fog] daãm v. to step, to trample [leân, vaøo on] daäm v. to pound the floor daäm daät v. (= giaäm giaät) to be stirred, to be excited, to be stimulated daân n. citizen, people: coâng daân Vieät Nam Vietnamese citizen; daân cö/cö daân inhabitant, population; daân chuùng/daân toäc/nhaân daân people; coâng daân nationality, citizenship; vaøo daân Myõ to be a naturalized American; laøm daân moät nöôùc ñoäc laäp to be a citizen of an independent country; bình daân the masses/ people’s, popular; töù daân all four classes of traditional Vietnamese society [scholars, farmers, artisans, merchants]; leâ daân the masses; löông daân law-abiding citizen; muoân daân the entire population; nhaân daân the people; thöù daân the common people; di daân immigrant, migration; mò daân demagogue; thaân daân to be close to the people; quaân, daân, chính the army, the people and the government; noâng daân peasant daân bieåu n. deputy, member of parliament: daân bieåu quoác hoäi member of parliament 50 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH daâu daân chaøi n. fisherman daân chính n. civil administration daân chuû n., adj. democracy; democrat(ic): cheá daân tuyeån adj. elected by the people daân vaän v. to carry out propaganda daân voïng n. See daân nguyeän daân y n. civil medical service daân yù n. popular opinion, people’s will: cuoäc ñoä daân chuû a democratic regime daân chuùng n. the people, the public, the tröng caàu daân yù referendum masses daân coâng n. conscripted laborer, slave laborer daán v. to push; to rush, to charge: daán thaân/ daán mình to plunge headlong into [communist] daân cö n. population, inhabitants daân cöû adj. people-elected: cô quan daân cöû daàn 1 adv. gradually, little by little, by degrees an elective organization daân duïng adj. civil: haõng haøng khoâng daân duïng civil airline daân ñen n. commoner, common people daân ñinh n. village inhabitant daân ñöùc n. moral standing, public virtue daân gian n., adj. the people, broad mass, popular, folk: chuyeän daân gian folktales; vaên hoïc daân gian popular/folk literature daân khí n. the people’s spirit daân laøng n. villager daân luaät n. civil law daân löïc n. the strength of the people daân nguyeän n. aspirations of the people daân phoøng n. civil defense daân phu n. laborer, worker daân quaân n. militia(man), minute man daân quaàn n. the people, the public, the masses daân quoác n. republic: Ñaïi Haøn Daân Quoác The Republic of Korea daân quyeàn n. civic rights daân sinh n. people’s livelihood, welfare of the people: caûi thieän daân sinh to improve welfare of the people daân soá n. population [of country, area] daân söï n., adj. civilian [opp. quaân söï military]; civil affairs: haøng khoâng daân söï civil aviation daân taâm n. people’s will daân thaày n. white-collar workers daân thôï n. workmen, artisans, craftsmen daân tình n. popular feeling daân toäc n. people [as a nation]: quyeàn daân toäc töï quyeát right to self determination; daân toäc thieåu soá ethnic minority; chuû nghóa daân toäc nationalism daân toäc hoïc n. ethnology daân toäc tính n. national identity daân trí n. intellectual standard of the people, people’s educational standard daân trò adj. by the people; see daân höõu, daân höôûng [follows main verb]: aên daàn to eat little by little 2 v. to beat [precedes object]: daàn cho noù moät traän to beat him daàn daø adv. slowly, little by little, gradually [precedes or follows main verb] daãn v. to guide, to lead, to conduct; to cite, to quote: vieän daãn to quote; chæ daãn to show, to guide; tieåu daãn preface daãn baûo v. to advise daãn chöùng v. to produce evidence or proof; to cite, to quote daãn cöôùi v. to send wedding presents, to bring wedding offerings to the bride daãn daâu v. to accompany the bride daãn duï v. to induce; to explain using examples daãn ñaïo v. to guide: uyû ban daãn ñaïo steering committee daãn ñaàu v. to lead [race, contest] daãn ñieän v. to conduct electricity daãn ñöôøng v. to show the way daãn giaûi v. to explain and comment daãn khôûi v. to bring about, to provoke daãn kieán v. to introduce [somebody to see somebody] daãn löïc n. attraction daãn nhieät v. to conduct heat daãn thuûy v. (nhaäp ñieàn) to irrigate [ricefields] daãn xaùc v. to come in person daän v. to trample, to tread, to step on daâng v. to offer [tribute, gift, petition] daâng v. [of water] to rise daäp v. to put out [fire löûa]; to bury, to cover; to be broken; to hit, to knock; to stamp out: daäp taét löûa to put out a fire; daäp lieãu vuøi hoa to brutalize a woman daáp v. to wet, to soak: daáp nöôùc vaøo khaên to wet a towel daäp dìu adj. bustling with people, getting in a great number daäp taét v. to put out, to stamp out [fire]: daäp taét ñaùm chaùy to stamp out a fire daät só n. retired scholar, retired official daâu 1 n. daughter-in-law: con daâu, naøng daâu 51 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH daáu daughter-in-law; coâ daâu bride; ñoùn daâu/röôùc daâu to go and get the bride at her parents’ home; ñöa daâu to accompany the bride to her new home 2 n. strawberry: daâu ta mulberry; daâu taây strawberry daáu n. sign, mark, accent mark, accent, tone mark; stamp, seal: ñaùnh daáu to mark; to put an accent mark; ñoùng daáu to stamp, to affix the stamp or seal daáu chaám n. period, full stop [.] daáu chaám phaåy n. semicolon [;] daáu hoûi n. question mark, mark for low rising tone [?] daáu huyeàn n. mark for falling tone; grave accent [`] daáu muõ n. circumflex accent [ˆ]; mark for secondary stress daáu naëng n. mark for low constricted tone; dot [.] daáu ngaõ ngaõ n. mark for creaky rising tone; tilde [~] daáu ngoaêïc ñôn n. parenthesis [( )] daáu ngoaëc keùp n. inverted commas, quotation marks [“ ”] daáu ngoaëc vuoâng n. bracket [[ ]] daáu phaåy n. comma [,] daáu saéc n. mark for high rising tone or primary stress; acute accent [ ù] daáu than n. exclamation mark [!] daáu veát n. trace, vestige daàu 1 n. oil, petroleum: moû daàu/gieáng daàu oil well; ñeøn daàu old lamp; maùy eùp daàu oil press; nhaø maùy loïc daàu oil refinery; haõng daàu oil company; giaáy daàu oil paper used for wrapping; xì daàu soy sauce 2 conj. (= duø) though, although: maëc daàu/daàu maø/daàu raèng although daàu aên n. salad oil, table oil daàu baïc haø n. peppermint oil, tiger balm daàu caù (thu) n. cod liver oil daàu döøa n. coconut oil daàu ñaäu phoïng n. peanut oil daàu haéc adj. far daàu hoaû n. kerosene, petroleum daàu hoâi n. kerosene, oil, petroleum daàu laïc n. peanut oil daàu loøng v. to be kind enough to daàu maø conj. although, though, even though daàu môõ n. machine oil daàu raèng conj. although, though, even though daàu sao conj. (= chaêng nöõa) at any rate, anyway daàu thoâng n. oil of turpentine daàu xaêng n. petrol, gasoline daãu conj. though, although, despite the fact that: daãu raèng in spite of the fact that; cf. tuy, duø, daãu daãu maø conj. though, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that daãu raèng conj. though, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that daây n. string, cord: daät daây to pull the strings; nhaåy daây to skip; thang daây rope ladder; moät sôïi daây a piece of string; moät cuoän daây a roll of string daây daây daây daây daây daây daây daây daây daây chuyeàn n. necklace cöông n. bridle döa v. to drag, to get involved ñieän n. electric wire ñoàng n. brass wire gai n. hemp rope giaày n. shoe lace, shoe string keõm gai n. See daây theùp gai löng n. sash, belt theùp n. steel wire [clothes line]; electric wire; wire, telegram [with ñaùnh to send] daây theùp gai n. barbed wire daây tô hoàng n. marriage bonds, matrimonial ties daây xích n. chain: phaûn öùng daây xích chain reaction daây xích thaèng n. See daây tô hoàng daây xoaén n. torsion wire daáy v. to raise [troops binh; arm quaân]; to cause: daáy loaïn to revolt; daáy leân to rise up, to rebel daäy v. to wake up: nguû daäy/thöùc daäy to get up; ñöùng daäy to stand up; ngoài daäy to sit up daäy thì adj. pubescent, pubertal: tuoåi daäy thì puberty deø 1 adj. to be moderate; reserved: deø daët cautious 2 v. to foresee, to expect: kieâng deø to have consideration for; khoâng deø unexpectedly; naøo deø, ai deø, deø ñaâu who would suspect deø bæu v. to slight, to sneer at deø chöøng v. to foresee the eventuality of deø daët v., adj. to be reserved, be cautious, to be careful deø xeûn v. to save here and there, to be parsimonious deû n. hazel nut: haït deû chestnut deøn deït adj. relatively flattened deo deûo adj. relatively pliable and soft deûo adj. pliable and soft: chaát deûo plastic; meàm deûo flexible, diplomatic 52 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH deûo deûo deûo deûo deûo deùp dai adj. enduring, resistant and supple dang adj. lithesome, resistant queïo v. very lithely söùc adj. untiring, indefatigable tay adj. agile dò toäc n. sandal, slipper: chieác deùp for one slipper; ñoâi deùp a pair of sandals deïp v. to put away, to arrange: deïp laïi to put in order; deïp loaïn to repress a rebellion; deïp choã cho to make room for; deïp ñöôøng to clear the way deït adj. flat or flattened deâ 1 n. [SV döông] goat: deâ caùi she goat; deâ con kid; deâ ñöïc he goat 2 adj. oversexed, lustful: giaø deâ old rake, old debauchee; coù maùu deâ to be oversexed in disposition deá n. cricket: deá meøn house-cricket; choïi deá cricket fight deå ngöôi v. to despise; to scorn deã adj. [SV dò] easy, simple [opp. khoù] deã baûo adj. docile, obedient deã chòu adj. pleasant, nice, comfortable deã coù adv. [it wouldn’t be] easy to have deã coi adj. attractive; nice, pretty deã daõi adj. easy, easy-going, tolerant, lenient, not strict deã daøng adj. easy deã daïy adj. docile deã nghe adj. pleasant to the ear; reasonable: Deã nghe nhæ! [in response to an appeal, entreaty] Oh, yeah! deã thöông adj. lovely, charming deã thöôøng conj. perhaps, maybe deã tính adj. See deã daõi deät v. to weave: thôï deät weaver; maùy deät loom; theâu deät to adorn, to embellish [story]; to invent, to fabricate [story] di v. to change position; to move: di chuyeån to move; baát di baát dòch unchanged di buùt n. posthumous writing di caûo n. posthumous manuscript di chæ n. archeological site di chieáu n. imperial will, testament left by a dead king di chuùc n. will di chuyeån v. to move, to transfer di cö v. to migrate: daân di cö immigrant, refugee(s); sôû di cö/truù immigration department di daân n., v. immigrant; to migrate di dòch v. to move, to change di döôõng v. to nourish, to entertain, to sustain: di döôõng tinh thaàn to entertain one’s mind di di di di di ñoäng v., adj. to move; mobile haøi n. remains [dead body], relics haïi n., v. aftermaths; to leave aftermaths hoaï n. disastrous aftermaths huaán n. last teachings, sayings left by a deceased person di ngoân n. last wishes, will di saûn n. inherited property; heritage: di saûn vaên hoaù cultural heritage di di di di di di taùng v. to move a corpse to another tomb taûn v. to evacuate tích n. vestiges, relics tinh n. nocturnal emissions truù v. to migrate truyeàn v., adj. to transmit to one’s heir; hereditary, atavistic: beänh di truyeàn a hereditary disease; di truyeàn hoïc genetics di töôïng n. portrait [of deceased person] di vaät n. relics, souvenir dí v. to press on: beïp dí completely crushed dì n. mother’s younger sister CL baø, ngöôøi stepmother; dì gheû stepmother; dì hai father’s concubine; anh/chò em con dì cousins dæ 1 v. [of water] to leak, to ooze; to whisper 2 adj. [han, seùt] to be or get rusty: han dæ rusty dó nhieân adj. natural, obvious; naturally, of course. dó vaõng n. the past; past (= quaù khöù) dò adj. R strange, odd (= laï); different (= khaùc) dò baøo n. different mothers: anh em dò baøo half brothers dò chuûng n. foreign race, alien race dò daïng n., adj. strange species, strange form/ deformity; deformed dò ñoan n., adj. superstition; superstitious: baøi tröø dò ñoan meâ tín to abolish superstition dò ñoàng adj. different dò giaùo n. heresy dò hình n., adj. heteromorphism; old shape; heteromorphic dò kyø adj. strange, extraordinary dò loaïi n. different species, different class dò naêng n. extraordinary talent dò nghò v. to contest, to dispute; to comment, to criticize dò nhaân n. extraordinary man, outstanding man dò taøi n. extraordinary talent dò thöôøng adj. strange, uncommon, unusual, extraordinary dò toäc n. different family, different ethnic group, alien race 53 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH dò töôùng dò töôùng n. strange physiognomy, queer dieãn ca v., n. to put [story] into verse; plain appearance dóa n. (= ñóa) plate, dish; disk, disc dòch 1 v. to move over; to change: xeâ dòch to move around; dòch ra/sang moät beân to move to one side; (baát di) baát dòch to be motionless, to be unchanged 2 v. to translate: dòch töø tieáng Vieät sang tieáng Anh to translate from Vietnamese into English; phieân dòch translation; thoâng dòch interpreting; ngöôøi dòch translator; baûn dòch tieáng Vieät, baûn dòch Vieät vaên Vietnamese translation, Vietnamese version; dòch töøng chöõ to translate word for word, literally; dòch thoaùt to give a free translation 3 n. epidemic: dòch taû cholera; dòch haïch plague 4 n. R work, service (= vieäc): binh dòch/quaân dòch military service; hieän dòch active service dòch giaû n. translato dòch haïch n. plague dòch taû n. cholera dòch theå n. liquid, fluid dòch thuaät v. to translate dòch vuï n. service dòòch vuï thoâng tin ngaé ngaén n. SMS, Short Message Services dieâm n. match CL caùi, que (= queït); R salt, saltpeter, sulfur: moät bao dieâm a box of matches; ñaùnh dieâm to strike a match dieâm duùa adj. to be dressed neatly and elegantly dieâm phuû n. hell dieâm sinh n. sulfur dieâm vöông n. the ruler of hell; Hades, Pluto dieàm n. fringe dieãm adj. R glamorous, voluptuous: dieãm leä dazzlingly beautiful, lovely; kieàu dieãm most beautiful/pretty dieãm ca n. love song dieãm khuùc n. love song dieãm leä adj. glamorous, voluptuous, lovely, attractive dieãm phuùc n. happiness, felicity dieãm saéc n. great beauty, rare beauty dieãm tình n. beautiful love dieãm tuyeät n. exceptional beauty dieãn v. to perform; to relate, to explicate: dieãn kòch to perform a play; dieãn ra to take place; trình dieãn ca nhaïc to perform a concert dieãn aâm v. to transliterate, to transcribe phonetically dieãn baøy v. to present, to show, to exhibit dieãn binh n. military parade verse dieãn dòch v. to translate and interpret; to deduct: pheùp dieãn dòch deductive method ñaøi n. rostrum, forum, tribune ñaøn n. platform, rostrum, forum ñaït v. to express, to convey giaû n. speaker, lecturer giaûi v. to present, to explain giaûng v. to lecture kòch v. to present a play, to act in a play nghóa v. to annotate, to explain taû v. to express, to describe, to depict taáu v. [of musician] to play, to perform thuyeát v. to deliver a speech, to give a lecture, to speak to an audience dieãn tieán v. to progress, to evolve dieãn töø n. speech, address dieãn vaên n. address, speech dieãn vieân n. performer, actor or actress dieãn voõ n. military exercise dieãn xuaát v. to perform, to act dieän 1 n. R face; surface (= maët): maát só dieän to lose face; phöông dieän aspect; bình dieän plane; ñaïi dieän to represent 2 v. to be welldressed, to be dressed with elegance and taste; tröng dieän to show off [clothing, jewels, car] dieän boä n. looks, appearance dieän ñaøm v. to interview, to talk, to converse dieän ñoà n. view: dieän ñoà goùc/beân side view dieän kieán v. to see in person [interview, visit] dieän maïo n. face, appearance, aspect dieän tích n. area [extent]: caùch tính dieän tích quadrature, squaring dieän tieàn n. facade, front/in front of one’s eyes dieän trình n. to report in person dieáp n. lettuce: rau dieáp lettuce dieäp n. R leaf (= laù): vaøng dieäp gold leaf; dieäp luïc chaát chlorophyll dieät v. to destroy, to exterminate: tieâu dieät/ huyû dieät to destroy; tru dieät to kill; baát dieät immortal, indestructible; taän dieät to destroy completely dieät chuûng v. to commit genocide dieät coäng v. to exterminate communists dieät tröø v. to exterminate, to root out dieät vong v. to exterminate; to die out dieàu n. kite [the toy]: chôi thaû dieàu to fly kites; leân nhö dieàu to get quick promotions dieàu haâu n. migrant kite [bird] dieãn dieãn dieãn dieãn dieãn dieãn dieãn dieãn dieãn dieãn dieãn 54 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH dieäu adj. R marvelous, wonderful: kyø dieäu doïn deïp miraculous; tuyeät dieäu wonderful, terrific dieäu keá n. clever strategy, very effective trick: thöïc thi dieäu keá to carry out an ingenious strategy dieäu kyø adj. wonderful, marvelous dieäu vôïi adj. far-fetched, difficult, complicated dieãu v. to march, to parade; to loaf dím n. hedgehog dìm v. to immerse, to plunge; to bury, to suppress dinh n. palace; military camp (= doanh): dinh Ñoäc Laäp Independence Palace dinh cô n. palaces; estate dinh döôõng v., adj. to nourish, nutritious dinh ñieàn v., n. to cultivate new lands; a developed farm: Phuû Toång uûy Dinh ñieàn General Commission for Agricultural Development dinh thaát n. building, palace; residence dinh thöï n. palace, building dinh traïi n. barracks dính v. to stick; to be sticky dính daùng v. to be implicated, to involve [ñeán/ tôùi in], to relate to dính daáp See dính daùng dính líu See dính daùng dónh ngoä adj. intelligent, bright-looking díp n. tweezers; spring [of carriage] dòp n. opportunity, occasion: nhaân dòp/trong dòp/vaøo dòp on the occasion of; dòp toát good opportunity; gaëp dòp to find the opportunity; lôõ dòp to miss the opportunity; saün dòp/thöøa dòp to seize an opportunity dìu v. to lead by the hand, to guide: nhaø dìu daét coach dìu daét v. to lead, to coach dìu dòu adj. softened, calm dòu adj. soft, sweet: eâm dòu calm; ngoït dòu to taste or sound sweet dòu daøng adj. gentle, graceful dòu gioïng v. to lower the tone, to back down do n. (= tro) ashes; maàu tro gray do v., conj. to be caused by, to be due to; by, because of: do ñoù because of that, hence; caên do/nguyeân do cause, origin; töï do freedom do döï v., adj. to hesitate, to waver; hesitant, to be unable to make up one’s mind Do Thaùi n. Jew, Jewish: nöôùc Do thaùi Israel; ngöôøi Do thaùi Jew Do Thaùi giaùo n. Judaism do thaùm v. to spy: maùy bay do thaùm reconnaissance plane doù n. plant whose bark is used to make paper doø v. to watch, to spy on, to seek information about; to fathom [river soâng, ocean beå], to feel [one’s way ñöôøng] doø hoûi v. to seek information, to make an inquiry doø la v. to get information; to spy on doø laïi v. to check, to read over doø xeùt v. to investigate, to observe secretly doï See doø doaï v. to threaten, to intimidate: ñe doaï/haêm doaï to threaten doaï daãm v. to threaten doaï naït v. to threaten: doaï naït treû con to threaten children doaõi v. to stretch out: caùnh tay doaõi ra to stretch out one’s arm doanh See dinh doanh lôïi n. profit, gain doanh maõn adj. prosperous, abundant, plentiful doanh nghieäp n. trade, business doanh thu n. turnover doanh thöông n. trade, business doùc v. to boast, to bluff: noùi doùc/taùn doùc to talk chaff; to draw the long bow doïc adj. lengthwise [opp. ngang]: theo doïc along; beà doïc/chieàu doïc length; doïc ñöôøng on the way, enroute; doïc soâng all along the river doïc ngang adj. powerful or influential, to rule the roost doi n. promontory, silt bank [of a river] doõi v. to follow closely, to pursue: theo doõi to follow up doïi n. plumb line dom n. prolapse of the rectum doùm v. to light [a small fire]: doùm löûa doùm beáp to light a stove doøm v. to peer, to peep, to look, to spy: oáng doøm binoculars. doøm ngoù v. to look [furtively], to spy doùn deùn v. to proceed with circumspection; to walk stealthily, to walk on tiptoe doøn adj. crispy, brittle, breakable; [of laughter] to be clear doïn v. to arrange, to put in order: doïn deïp to clear up [table]; doïn côm to prepare a meal; doïn nhaø to move; doïn baøn to set the table; to clear the table; thu doïn/xeáp doïn to arrange, to put in order doïn deïp v. to arrange, to rearrange, to set in 55 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH doïn ñi order, to clean up: doïn deïp baøn gheá trong vaên phoøng to arrange the furniture in one’s office doïn ñi v. to move [one’s residence] to another place doïn haøng v. to open a shop; to display one’s goods; to remove one’s goods doïn nhaø v. to clean up the house [and move the furniture around]; to move [one’s residence] dong v. to run away dong doûng adj. tall: dong doûng cao a bit tall doøng 1 n. course [of river soâng], current, stream: doøng ñieän electric current; doøng nöôùc the stream; doøng thôøi gian the course of time 2 n. descent, parentage, lineage: doøng doõi/doøng gioáng lineage, race; doøng hoï nhaø toâi my family; Doøng Teân the Jesuit order; Doøng Chuùa Cöùu Theá the Redemptorists; doøng toân thaát the imperial family; nhaø doøng monastery; thaày doøng priest, friar; noái doøng to carry on lineage [tradition] doøng doõi n. [noble] descent: doøng doõi nhaø voõ töôùng descendants of military mandarins doøng ñaïo n. religious order doõng daïc adj. [of voice, gait] poised, sedate, solemn doïng See gioïng doâ adj. jutting out, protruding: traùn doâ a protruding forehead doã v. to coax, to wheedle, to cajole [crying child into silence]; to flatter, to seduce, to inveigle [young girl]: caùm doã to tempt, to seduce; daïy doã to instruct, to advise, to teach [morally]; doã ngon doã ngoït to seduce by sweet promises doã daønh v. to coax, to wheedle, to cajole doác 1 n., adj. hill, slope; sloping, steep, incline: leân doác to go up a slope; xuoáng/ñoå doác to go down a slope; ñoä doác cuûa ñöôøng cong slope of a curve 2 v. to empty; to devote entirely: doác baàu taâm söï to pour one’s heart out doác buïng v. to be determined to … with all one’s heart doác chí v. to be determined to … with all of one’s heart doác loøng v. to be determined to … with all one’s heart, to do one’s best doác oáng v. to empty one’s money box or one’s piggy bank; to empty one’s purse doâi v., adj. to be left over or beyond; to make more than needed [follows main verb, precedes ra]; to be excessive doái v., adj. to be false, to be deceitful: noùi doái lying; löøa doái cheating; doái traù to do hastily, in a sloppy manner; giaû doái to be a hypocrite; gian doái to be dishonest doái daù adj. hastily, in a sloppy manner doái giaø v. to do as a joy in one’s old age doái traù adj. false, deceitful: con ngöôøi doái traù liar doài 1 v. to stuff (= nhoài); pudding sausage: doài lôïn pork sausage; doài tieát blood sausage, blood pudding 2 v. to throw up; to flip, to toss [coin in game]: doài boùng tröôùc khi baét ñaàu traän ñaáu to throw up a ball before starting the match doài daøo adj. plentiful, abundant doäi v. to bound; to rebound, to bounce back; to resound: tieáng doäi echo; vang doäi to echo doàn v. to amass, to gather; to do repeatedly [follows main verb]: böôùc doàn to quicken one’s step; hoûi doàn to press with questions; ñaùnh doàn to beat repeatedly; ñoå doàn [of eyes] to turn, to focus [vaøo precedes object]; ñuoåi doàn to follow, to pursue; goïi doàn to call several times; bò doàn vaøo… to be pushed or driven back against doàn daäp adj. coming in great quantities, numbers; uninterrupted and fast doâng 1 v. to dash off, to sneak out, to go away 2 n. storm: doâng toá thunderstorm doâng daøi v., adv. to babble, to chat; to loiter, to linger; lengthily doäng v. to knock, to rap, to hit, to bang: doäng vaøo cöûa to bang the door doát adj. illiterate, ignorant: doát naùt to be dull, slow-witted, stupid; thaèng doát ignoramus doát ñaëc adj. completely ignorant doät adj. [of roof] leaking: maùi nhaø doät leaking roof dô adj. (= nhô) dirty, unclean, soiled: quaàn aùo dô dirty clothes; laøm dô to soil [lit. and fig.] dô baån adj. dirty, unclean: ñöôøng saù dô baån quaù very dirty roads dô daùng adj. shameless dô daùy adj. dirty, filthy, disgusting dô maét adj. unpleasant to the eye dôû 1 v. to open [book, pot], to turn [page]; to get out, to disclose, to resort to [trick] 2 adj. unfinished, half done; poor, awkward, unskilled: dôû chöøng unfinished; dôû ngöôøi to be a little mixed up; dôû ngoâ dôû khoai neither corn nor sweet potatoes; dôû oâng dôû thaèng neither fish nor fowl, having no defined status; 56 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH dung naïp soáng dôû cheát dôû to be more dead than alive; boû dôû to leave unfinished dôû chöøng adj. half done, unfinished dôû dang adj. left undone, unfinished dôû giôøi v. [of weather] to change; to be under the weather, to be unwell hôi adj. mixed up, cracked ngöôøi adj. mixed up, cracked tay adj. busy doing something vieäc adj. busy doing something v. to dish [rice côm from the pot]; to dismantle, to tear down [house]; to unload [merchandise haøng] dôi n. bat dôøi v. [SV di, thieân] to leave: ñoåi dôøi to move, to transfer, to change; duø cho vaät ñoåi sao dôøi despite all changes dôøi ñoåi v. to move, to change dôùn daùc adj. bewildered, scared dôïn v., n. to be wary; to undulate; ripple dôùp n. bad luck, ill luck du coân n., adj. scoundrel, ruffian, hoodlum, hooligan, rascal du daân n. nomad du döông adj. [of music, voice] melodious, lovely, enchanting du ñaõng v. to be a vagabond, to roam du haønh v. to travel du hí v. to indulge in amusement du hoïc v. to go abroad to study: Hoäi ñoàng Du hoïc Commission on Overseas Studies; du hoïc sinh overseas student du khaùch n. traveler, tourist: mua moät moät baûn ñoà daønh cho du khaùch to buy a tourist map du kích n. guerrilla: quaân du kích guerrilla army; chieán tranh du kích guerrilla warfare du kyù n. traveling notes du laõm n. excursion, pleasure trip du lòch v. to travel: toång cuoäc Du lòch National Office of Tourism; khaùch du lòch traveler, tourist; du lòch voøng quanh theá giôùi to travel around the world du muïc n. nomad du ngoaïn v. to travel for pleasure, sightseeing du nhaäp v. to import du thuû du thöïc adj. vagrant, idle, vagabond du thuyeát v. to be a moving ambassador du thuyeàn n. pleasure boat, yacht du xuaân v. to take a spring walk; to enjoy the spring duø 1 n. (= oâ) umbrella; parachute: nhaåy duø to parachute [xuoáng down]; to be an upstart, dôû dôû dôû dôû dôõ to get an important position through the back door; lính nhaûy duø/quaân nhaûy duø paratrooper 2 conj. though, although: duø maø/duø raèng although; duø sao chaêng nöõa anyway, at any rate duï 1 n. edict, decree, notice, order [from above] CL ñaïo instruction: daãn duï to induce; khuyeán duï to advise; thí duï/ví duï example; for example 2 v. to induce, to entice, to lure: duï treû con to lure children duï doã v. to induce, to seduce, to entice: duï doã vò thaønh nieân to abduct a minor duï hoaëc v. to seduce, to entice duõ v. to shake off [dust buïi], to dust off [blanket chaên, mat chieáu, etc.] duïc n. R desire, want; lust: tình duïc lust; löûa duïc tình the flame of desire; daâm duïc covetous, lustful; desire; thò duïc desire, passion duïc v. to push, to ask someone to be quick duïc tình n. desire, passion, lust duïc voïng n. desire, lust, ambition duùi v. to slip, to insert duøi 1 n., v. awl; to punch: duøi thuûng to pierce; duøi maøi to work hard 2 n. cudgel, bludgeon, stick, club duøi cui n. policeman’s club, bludgeon duøi ñuïc n. carpenter’s hammer duøi loã v. to pierce, to perforate duøi troáng n. drumstick duïi v. to rub [eyes], to rub out: duïi taøn thuoác to rub out cigarette ashes; duïi taét löûa to crush out a fire duùm v., n. to gather with one’s fingers, to pinch; handful duùm doù adj. battered, out of shape duùm laïi v. to assemble, to amass, to gather dun v. to push, to shove; to urge, to cause to duùn daåy v. to waddle, to slouch duùn vai v. to shrug one’s shoulders dung v. to tolerate, to leave unpunished: dung tha/dung thöù to leave unpunished; bao dung/ khoan dung to be tolerant dung dò adj. easy and simple dung dòch n. solution [of solid in liquid] dung hoaø v. to reconcile, to compromise: dung hoaø yù kieán cuûa moïi ngöôøi to compromise based on everyone’s ideas dung hôïp v. to amalgamate dung löôïng n. content, volume, capacity dung maïo n. face, physiognomy dung moâi n. solvent dung naïp v. to accept, to admit, to tolerate 57 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH dung ngoân dung dung dung dung dung dung dung ngoân n. trivial words nhan n. look, countenance, beauty tha v. to pardon, to forgive thaân v. to take shelter, to take refuge thöù v. to tolerate, to pardon tích n. capacity tuùng v. to tolerate, to abet; to allow tac- duy duy duy duy linh adj., n. spiritualistic; spiritualism lôïi n. utilitarianism lyù adj., n. rationalist; rationalism myõ adj., n. esthetic; estheticism, art for art’s sake duy duy duy itly, to wink at duùng v. (= nhuùng) to dip [in liquid, dye] duy duøng v. [SV duïng] to use, to utilize, to employ; duy to resort to; to eat, to have: caùch duøng duy instructions for use; caàn duøng to need; to be duy duy needed, to be necessary; ñoà duøng tool; ñuû duøng to be sufficient, to be enough; tin duøng to have confidence in duøng daèng v. to be reluctant, to be undecided, wavering duõng n. (= doõng) R bravery, courage: anh duõng courageous; trí vaø duõng knowledge and bravery duõng caûm adj. bracing, courageous, valiant duõng khí n. courage, ardor, bravery duõng maõnh adj. courageous, valiant duõng só n. valiant man, knight-errant duõng taâm n. courage, bravery duïng v. R to use, to employ (= duøng): höõu duïng useful; voâ duïng useless; coâng duïng use; taùc duïng practical; use, application; tuyeån duïng to retain; boå duïng to appoint; löu duïng to retain [employee who has reached retirement age]; söû duïng to apply, to use; lôïi duïng to take advantage of, to avail oneself of; laïm duïng to abuse; troïng duïng to give an important position to; vaät duïng things which are of general use; thöïc duïng practical use duïng coâng v. to try hard, to endeavor duïng cuï n. instrument, tool, equipment: mua duïng cuï vaên phoøng to buy office equipment duïng phaåm n. instrument, tool, implement duïng quyeàn v. to use one’s authority duïng taâm v., n. to intend; to do purposely; intention duïng voõ v. to use force, to resort to force duïng yù v. to have the intention of, to intend duoãi v. [opp. co] to stretch, to spread out: duoãi tay ra to spread arms out duy adv. only; but duy caûm adj. sensual duy danh adj. nominalistic duy danh luaän n. nominalism duy duïng luaän n. pragmatism duy kyû adj. egoistic, selfish ngaõ adj., n. egotistic; egotism nhaát adj. to be the only one, sole, unique taâm n., adj. idealism; idealistic taân v. to modernize, to reform thaàn n. spiritualism thöïc n. realism trí n. intellectualism trì v. to maintain, to preserve: duy trì vaên hoaù to preserve one’s culture duy vaät adj., n. materialist, materialistic; mate- rialism: duy vaät bieän chöùng [communist] dialectic materialism; duy vaät söû quan historical materialism duyeân 1 n. predestined affinity; coù duyeân to be bound to meet as friends or husband and wife; to have both grace and graciousness; keát duyeân to get married [vôùi to]; xe duyeân L to get married [vôùi to] 2 n. charm: voâ duyeân not attractive, not charming; nuï cöôøi coù duyeân a charming smile duyeân côù n. reason, cause duyeân daùng adj. graceful, charming duyeân do n. reason, cause, origin duyeân haûi n. sea coast, coastline duyeân khôûi n. origin, beginning duyeân kieáp n. predestined affinity duyeân nôï n. predestination, fate duyeân phaän n. love fate, fate in marriage duyeân soá n. predestined love; affinity duyeät v. to examine, to inspect, to review, to censor: kieåm duyeät to censor; bò kieåm duyeät censored; duyeät döï aùn to examine the project duyeät binh v. to review troops, to parade duyeät y v. to approve: duyeät y giaáy pheùp to approve a permit dö adj. odd, surplus, extra: ngaân saùch thaëng dö surplus budget; soá dö difference balance dö aâm n. echo, resonance dö ba n. eddy, ripple, repercussion dö daû adj. having more than enough; plentiful dö daät adj. having more than enough; plentiful dö duïng adj. superfluous dö ñaûng n. remnants of a party dö ñoà n. world map dö höôûng n. last echo dö khoaûn n. surplus, excess [of money] dö luaän n. public opinion 58 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH dö dö dö döø döû döõ soá n. remainder thöøa adj. superfluous, left over vaät n. rest, remnants, surplus items adj. (= nhöø) very well cooked, tender v. to lure [by means of bait moài] adj. [SV hung] fierce, ferocious, wicked; [of date, omen] bad, unlucky [opp. laønh]; awful, tremendously [follows main verb]: thuù döõ wild beast; tieáng döõ bad reputation; tin döõ bad news döõ doäi adj. [of fighting] violent; [of noise] tremendous, formidable döõ kieän n. datum, data: löu tröõ döõ kieän to store data döõ tôïn adj. ferocious, cruel, wicked döï v. to participate [in], to attend; to take part in: döï tieäc to attend a party; tham döï to participate; can döï to be involved in döï aùn n. project, draft döï bò v., adj. to prepare; preparatory: naêm döï bò tröôøng Ñaïi hoïc pre-university year döï chieán v. to take part in the fighting döï ñònh v. to plan to, to expect döï ñoaùn v. to predict, to foresee, to forecast döï khuyeát adj. the alternative [delegate, member, etc.], stand by döï kieán v. to anticipate; to have preconceived ideas, to prejudice; to foresee döï lieäu v. to predict, to foresee, to forecast döï luaät n. draft law, draft bill döï phoøng v. to take preventive measures döï thaûo v., n. to draft; rough copy döï thaåm n. examining magistrate döï thi v. to take an examination döï thính v. to attend as a observer or guest döï tính v. to estimate; to plan to döï toaùn v. to estimate döï truø v. to provide for döï tröõ v. to stock up, to reserve döï öôùc n. preliminary agreement döa n. melon; salted vegetables, pickled mustard greens: döa giaù pickled bean sprouts; döa haønh pickled scallions; döa chuoät/döa leo cucumber; döa haáu/döa ñoû watermelon; döa bôû meaty cantaloupe; döa gang large cucumber; döa hoàng honeydew; voû döa melon rind; haït döa melon seed; caén haït döa to crack melon seeds döùa n. (= traùi thôm) pineapple: goït döùa to skin a pineapple; nöôùc döùa pineapple juice; khoanh döùa pineapple ring; loõi döùa pineapple core döôùi döøa n. coconut: caây döøa coconut palm; voû döøa coconut husk; soï döøa coconut shell; cuøi döøa coconut meat, copra; nöôùc döøa coconut milk; boå döøa to split/open a coconut; naïo döøa to scrape the meat out; gaùo döøa coconut shell dipper; daàu döøa coconut oil döïa v. to lean [vaøo against], to rely on döïa daãm v. to lean on, to depend on; to loaf döng See daâng döng 1 adj., adv. strange; suddenly: ngöôøi döng (nöôùc laõ) a stranger not related to us; boãng döng all of a sudden, unexpectedly 2 adj. idle: ôû döng/ngoài döng to sit idle; aên döng ngoài roài to be completely idle döøng v. (= ngöøng) to stop short: döøng böôùc to stop walking; döøng buùt to stop writing; döøng chaân to stop walking döûng döng v., adj. to be indifferent döûng môõ v. to be wild, to be stirred up döïng v. to erect, to raise [stele bia, statue töôïng]: xaây döïng to build, to construct; taïo döïng to establish, to create; gaây döïng söï nghieäp to create one’s career; döïng côø khôûi nghóa to rise the flag of rebellion, to lead a revolt; xaây döïng nhaø cöûa to build; to construct houses; döïng vôï gaû choàng to marry [young people] off; döïng toùc gaùy [of story] to make one’s hair stand on end döïng ñöùng v. to raise, to stand [something] up; to make up döôïc n. medicine (= thuoác); R pharmacy; Tröôøng Ñaïi Hoïc Y Döôïc; Y Döôïc Ñaïi Hoïc ñöôøng Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; ñoäc döôïc poison; linh döôïc/thaàn döôïc miracle cure döôïc hoïc n. pharmacy [as a subject of study] döôïc khoa n. pharmacy, pharmaceutics [as branch of study] döôïc lieäu n. drugs, pharmaceutical products döôïc phaåm n. drugs, pharmaceutical products döôïc phoøng n. apothecary’s shop, pharmacy, drug store döôïc döôïc döôïc döôïc só n. pharmacist, druggist sö n. pharmacist, druggist thaûo n. medicinal plants, herbs tính n. medicinal value, pharmaceutical characteristic döôïc vaät n. pharmaceutical product döôïc vaät hoïc n. pharmacology döôùi adv. below, under, beneath, underneath: ôû döôùi to be the lower, to be down at, below, under, beneath, underneath; döôùi bieån on/ 59 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH döông in the sea; döôùi ñaùy bieån at the bottom of the sea; döôùi chaân at the foot of; döôùi ñaát on the floor, under the earth; döôùi nöôùc in/ on the water; döôùi maët nöôùc under the water; döôùi nhaø downstairs; buïng döôùi abdomen; caáp döôùi lower rank; ngöôøi döôùi, keû döôùi one’s inferiors; nhaø döôùi outbuilding in the back [where kitchen and servants’ quarters are located]; taàng döôùi ground floor, street floor; moâi döôùi lower lip; haøm döôùi lower jaw döông 1 n. poplar: caây thuøy döông weeping willow 2 n. male principle, positive principle; plus [opp. aâm]; solar 3 v. to make known, to show off 4 v. to open [umbrella oâ]; to pull: döông cung to pull a bow; döông oai to show off power döông baûn n. positive [of photograph] döông caàm n. piano döông cöïc n. positive pole, anode döông gian n. this world as opposed to the world beyond döông haûi n. sea, ocean döông lòch n. solar calendar, Western calendar döông lieãu n. willow, pine döông mai n. syphilis döông soá n. positive number döông theá See döông gian döông tính n. male nature döông vaät n. penis döôøng n., v. semblance, such a degree, manner (= nhöôøng); to seem: döôøng aáy like that, that degree, that much; döôøng bao/döôøng naøo how much, so much; Kheùo bieát döôøng naøo! How clever!; döôøng nhö (laø) it seems to me that döôõng v. R to nourish; to support [as dependents]: phuïng döôõng/caáp döôõng cha meï to support one’s parents döôõng beänh v. to convalesce, to be in convalescence döôõng duïc v. to bring up, to rear, to foster and educate döôõng döôøng n. hospital, clinic döôõng giaø v. to spend one’s remaining days döôõng khí n. oxygen döôõng laõo v. to spend one’s remaining days: vieän döôõng laõo nursing home döôõng maãu n. adoptive mother, foster mother döôõng nöõ n. adopted daughter, foster daughter döôõng phuï n. adoptive father, foster father döôõng sinh v. to nourish, to feed, to bring up döôõng söùc v. to conserve one’s energy by rest döôõng töû n. adopted son, foster son; foster child döôïng n. stepfather; one’s paternal aunt’s husband (= chuù) döôït v. to train, to practice, to drill: taäp döôït to practice döùt v. to cease, to terminate, to end, to come to an end; to break off: döùt ñieåm to finish döùt beänh v. to be cured, to recover döùt khoaùt adj. clear-cut, definite, precise: keát luaän döùt khoaùt a clear-cut conclusion döùt lôøi v. to stop talking, to end speech: ñeå döùt lôøi in conclusion döùt tình v. to break off [relationship, friendship, love affair, conjugal love] Ñ ña n. banyan: caây ña banyan tree ña n. rice pancake: baùnh ña rice wafer ña adj. R much, many [= nhieàu]; R poly [opp. thieåu]: toái ña maximum; quaù ña too, excessively; ña ngoân, ña quaù to speak a lot [and sin a lot] ña aâm adj. polysyllabic ña caûm adj. sensitive, sentimental ña daâm adj. lustful, lewd ña duïc adj. lustful, lewd ña ña n. partridge ña ñoan adj. [of human affairs] complicated, involved ña giaùc adj. polygonal: hình ña giaùc polygon ña hoân n. polygamy ña mang adj. pre-occupied with many things at a time, to take many jobs at the same time; having too many irons in the fire ña möu adj. wily, cunning ña nghi adj. suspicious, distrustful, mistrustful: ngöôøi ña nghi a suspicious person ña ngoân adj. talkative ña phöông ng tieä tieän n. multimedia, multifunction: thieát bò ña phöông tieän multimedia equipment ña phu adj. polyandrous ña phuùc adj. fortunate, having many blessings ña saàu adj. melancholic; sentimental ña soá n. majority: laõnh tuï ña soá majority leader; ñaïi ña soá the great majority; vast majority, an overwhelming majority ña söï adj. meddlesome, given to meddling, officiously intrusive ña taï taï v., n. Thank you very much.; Many thanks. 60 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñaõi ña taøi adj. having many talents, talented, versatile ña thaàn giaùo n. polytheism ña theâ adj., n. polygynous, polygamous; polygamy, polygyny ña thöùc adj. polynomial ña tình adj. sentimental; amorous; sensitive ña tö löï v. to worry too much, to feel great care and anxiety ñaù 1 n. [SV thaïch] stone: giaûi/ñoå ñaù to cover with stones; laùt ñaù to pave; raén nhö ñaù hard as stone; coái ñaù stone mortar; haàm ñaù quarry; hang ñaù cave, cavern; möa ñaù hail; nuùi ñaù rocky mountain; nöôùc ñaù ice; nhuõ ñaù stalactile, stalagmite; than ñaù coal 2 v. to kick [somebody/something]: ñaù boùng to kick a ball ñaù baät löûa n. flint ñaù boït n. pumice stone ñaù boà taùt n. feldspar ñaù buøn n. schist ñaù caåøm thaïch n. marble ñaù cuoäi n. gravel ñaù daêm n. broken stones, pebble, gravel ñaù ñeõo n. flintstone, ashtar ñaù hoa n. marble; tile [for floors and ornamental work]: gaïch ñaù hoa marble tile ñaù löûa n. flint, silex ñaù maøi n. whetstone, grindstone ñaù nam chaâm n. magnet ñaù nhaùm n. pumice stone ñaù ong n. laterite ñaù soûi n. gravel ñaù thöû vaøng n. touchstone ñaù vaøng n. oath of love: nghóa ñaù vaøng love, marriage ñaù vaân maãu n. mica ñaù voâi n. limestone ñaø 1 n. spring, start, momentum: laáy ñaø to take a spring or flight 2 adj. brown: vaûi maøu ñaø brown fabric ñaø ñieåu n. ostrich Ñaø giang n. Black River [in North Vietnam] Ñaø Naüng n. Tourane ñaû v. R to hit, to strike; to criticize, to beat (= ñaùnh): loaïn ñaû fight; aåu ñaû fight; ñaû kích to criticize ñaû ñaûo v. to topple, to overthrow, to knock down ñaû ñoäng v. to touch, to dwell [ñeán, tôùi on], to mention ñaû kích v. to attack, to criticize ñaû phaù v. to hit, to strike, to attack, to destroy, to demolish: ñaû phaù nhöõng teä naïn xaõ hoäi to destroy social devils ñaû thöông v. to assault and cause battery; to wound ñaõ adv. already [done so and so] [precedes main verb, sentence ending optionally with roài]; already, first [occurs at the end of sentence]; to satisfy, to satiate [thirst, anger]: ñaõ theá/vaäy thì …. if it’s so...; ñaõ theá/vaäy maø laïi… . despite all that...; ñaõ hay raèng… . granted that...; cho ñaõ ñôøi until full satisfaction, to satisfy; cöïc chaúng ñaõ unwilling, reluctantly ñaõ ñôø ôøi adj. satisfied ñaïc v. R to measure, to survey [land, estate] ñaïc ñieàn v., n. to measure land, to survey land; land survey ñai n. sash, belt; hoop, rim: ñai löng belt; ñai ngöïa belly band [on horse]; ñai noåi life belt; ñai thuøng cask hoop; ñaùnh ñai to hoop, bind or fasten with hoops ñaùi 1 v. to urinate, to make water: ñi ñaùi to make water, to have a pee; nöôùc ñaùi urine; nöôùc ñaùi quyû ammonia [water]; boïng ñaùi urinary bladder 2 v. [SV ñoäi] to support with the head: baát coäng ñaùi thieân to be deadly enemies; [of sounds] to be in complementary distribution ñaùi daàm v. to wet the bed ñaùi ñöôøng n. diabetes ñaùi vaõi v. to wet one’s pants ñaøi 1 n. calyx, flower cup: ñaøi hoa flower base/ cup 2 n., adj. tower; monument; radio station; observatory; noble-mannered: thieân vaên ñaøi observatory; laâu ñaøi palace; vuõ ñaøi, voõ ñaøi ring arena ñaøi baù aâm n. broadcasting station Ñaøi Baéc n. Taipei ñaøi caùc n., adj. nobility; noble-mannered, aristocratic ñaøi göông n. a beautiful woman ñaøi kyû nieäm n. memorial monument ñaøi kyû nieäm chieán só traän vong n. War Memorial Ñaøi Loan n. Taiwan ñaøi phaùt thanh n. broadcasting station ñaøi taûi v. to carry, to transport ñaøi thieân vaên n. observatory ñaøi thoï v. to pay, to cover the cost ñaøi trang n. a beautiful woman ñaøi voâ tuyeán ñieän n. radio station ñaõi 1 v. to blanch, to flay [soybeans ñaäu]; to wash out, to pan off [sand caùt for gold] 2 v. 61 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñaõi boâi R to treat, to invite someone to have a meal/ drink: theát ñaõi to treat, to entertain ñaõi boâi v. to invite because one has to ñaõi coâng v. to offer a bonus ñaõi ñaèng v. to treat ñaõi ngoä v. to treat well: ñaõi ngoä nhaân vieân to treat employees well ñaïi 1 n. frangipani, jasmine tree 2 n. R generation, time: maõn ñaïi all one’s life; töù ñaïi ñoàng ñöôøng four generations under the same roof; caän ñaïi modern times 3 adj., adv. R big, great (= to, lôùn); R very: vó ñaïi great, grandiose; phoùng ñaïi to enlarge; töï cao töï ñaïi conceited ñaïi aùc adj. very cruel ñaïi aân n. great favor ñaïi baùc n. cannon, artillery CL khaåu ñaïi baïi v. to suffer great defeat, to be beaten ñaïi baûn doanh n. headquarters ñaïi bieán n. upheaval, big change, revolution ñaïi bieän n. chargé d’affaires ñaïi bieåu v., n. to represent [cho precedes object]; delegate, representative: ñoaøn ñaïi bieåu delegation; ñaïi bieåu quoác hoäi members of parliament [MPs] ñaïi binh n. the main body of an army; a great army ñaïi chaâu n. continent: nguõ ñaïi chaâu the five continents ñaïi chieán n. world war CL cuoäc, traän: theá giôùi ñaïi chieán laàn thöùù nhì World War II ñaïi chuû giaùo n. cardinal ñaïi chuùng n., adj. the people, the masses; popular, universal ñaïi chuùng hoaù v. to popularize, to put within reach of the masses ñaïi coâng nghieäp n. large-scale industry ñaïi coâng trình n. great service; big project ñaïi cuïc n., adj. great task; very just ñaïi cuoäc n. general situation, big state of things ñaïi cöông n., adj. outline, fundamentals; general ñaïi danh n. [your] great name, great fame ñaïi danh töøø n. pronoun ñaïi dieän v., n. to substitute [cho for], to represent; representative, on behalf of ñaïi dinh n. See ñaïi baûng doanh ñaïi döông n. ocean ñaïi ña soá n. great majority, vast majority, overwhelming majority ñaïi ñao n. big saber, long-handle scimitar ñaïi ñaïo n. fundamental doctrine, a great religion ñaïi ñaêng khoa n. success in an examination ñaïi ñeá n. God ñaïi ñeå adv. roughly speaking, in general, briefly ñaïi ñieàn chuû n. big landowner, big landlord ñaïi ñieån n. great affairs of the state; great ceremony ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi ñình n. imperial court ñoâ n. large city, metropolis ñoä adj. tolerant, generous ñoäi n. battalion, company [of soldiers] ñoàng n. universal concord, the world community, harmony: chuû nghóa ñaïi ñoàng univeralism ñaïi gia n. great family ñaïi gia ñình n. extended family ñaïi gian aùc n. deceitful/cruel criminal ñaïi haûi n. great ocean: vaên traøng giang ñaïi haûi very long-winded style ñaïi haøn n. great cold Ñaïi Haøn n. [Great] Korea ñaïi haïn n. drought Ñaïi hieán chöông n. Magna Charter ñaïi hieàn n. great sage ñaïi hình n. crime, criminal offense: toaø aùn ñaïi hình criminal court ñaïi hoïc n. higher education; university, college: tröôøng ñaïi hoïc university; giaùo sö ñaïi hoïc professor; vieän ñaïi hoïc university, institute ñaïi hoïc ñöôøng n. college, faculty, university ñaïi hoïc hieäu n. college, faculty, university ñaïi hoäi n. festival; congress, general assembly ñaïi hoäi ñoàng n. general assembly ñaïi hoàng thuyû n. big flood, deluge ñaïi huøng tinh n. Ursa Major ñaïi huynh n. you [my older brother]; you [my friend] ñaïi hyû n. great rejoicing; marriage, wedding ñaïi khaùi n. general outline; roughly speaking, in the main ñaïi khoa n. civil service examination ñaïi laõn adj. very lazy ñaïi leã n. big ceremony ñaïi loaïi adv. generally, in general ñaïi loaït adv. generally speaking, in general ñaïi loä n. avenue, boulevard ñaïi luaän n. great discourse ñaïi luïc n. continent, mainland ñaïi löôïc n. summary, abstract 62 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñaïi löôïng adj. tolerant, generous ñaïi lyù n. agent, dealer: ñaïi lyù ñoäc quyeàn sole agent ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi ñaïi maïch n. barley naïn n. great misfortune nghò adj. parliamentary nghóa n. great cause nghòch n. high treason nghieäp n. great enterprise ngoân n. big talk nguyeân soaùi n. generalissimo nhaân n. high-ranking mandarin; Your Ñan Maïch ñaïi tröôïng phu n. great man ñaïi tu n. big renovation, big repair ñaïi töø n. pronoun ñaïi töï n. large characters ñaïi töôùng n. lieutenant-general ñaïi uùy n. [army] captain; [navy] lieutenant ñaïi vaên haøo n. great writer ñaïi vöông n. emperor; Sire ñaïi xaù n. amnesty ñaïi yù n. main point, gist ñam meâ v. to have an intense desire for, to indulge in: ñam meâ töûu saéc to indulge in drinking and womanizing ñaïi phaøm adv. generally [speaking], all, for the ñaùm n. crowd, throng; festival, fete, crowds, most part clouds, fields, etc.: ñaùm ñoâng crowd, throng; ñaïi phaûn n. high treason ñaùm baïc group of gamblers; ñaùm coû lawn; ñaïi phong n. typhoon, storm, hurricane ñaùm cöôùi wedding procession; ñaùm ma/ñaùm ñaïi phu n. a great mandarin [in ancient China] tang funeral; ñaùm röôùc procession, parade; ñaïi phuù n. wealthy man ñaùm tieäc dinner [party]; ñaùm ngöôøi bieåu tình ñaïi phuùc n. great happiness the crowd of demonstrators; moät ñaùm maây traéng a white cloud ñaïi quan n. a great mandarin; overall view ñaïi quaân n. great army ñaøm 1 n. R spittle, sputum (= ñôøm) 2 v. R ñaïi qui moâ n. large scale to talk, to converse: khaåàu ñaøm to converse; ñaïi soá n., adj. algebra, algebraic nhaøn ñaøm idle talk; thöôøng ñaøm ordinary conversation, colloquialism ñaïi soá hoïc n. algebra [the subject] ñaïi sö n. great master; great priest ñaøm ñaïo v. to talk, to converse, to discuss ñaïi söù n. ambassador: toaø ñaïi söù embassy ñaøm luaän v. to talk, to discuss ñaïi söù quaùn n. embassy ñaøm phaùn v. to talk, to negotiate, to conñaïi söï n. big affair, big business, important fer: cuoäc ñaøm phaùn Vieät-Phaùp Frenchmatter Vietnamese talks ñaïi taù n. [army] colonel; [navy] captain ñaøm suyeãn n. asthma ñaïi taøi n. great talent ñaøm thoaïi v. to converse: ñaøm thoaïi vôùi ai to converse with someone ñaïi tang n. deep mourning ñaïi taät n. grave illness ñaøm tieáu v. to laugh at, to sneer at Ñaïi taây döông n. the Atlantic Ocean: Toå chöùc ñaûm adj. to be capable, to be resourceful, to Minh öôùc Baéc Ñaïi taây döông North Atlantic have ability, to be a good businesswoman ñaûm baûo v., n. to guarantee; guarantee Treaty Organization [NATO] ñaïi thaùnh n. great saint ñaûm ñang adj. thrifty, to be capable, to be ñaït thaéng n. great victory resourceful ñaïi thaàn n. high dignitary, high-ranking manñaûm nhaän v. to assume [duty], to accept darin [responsibility] ñaïi theå n. general state of affairs ñaûm nhieäm v. to assume [duty] ñaïi thöøa n. Mahayana; form of Buddhism prev- ñaïm 1 adj. R weak, insipid, light (= nhaït, alent in China and Vietnam; cf. tieåu thöøa laït): laõnh ñaïm cold, indifferent; thanh ñaïm ñaïi thöông gia n. rich businessman, big simple, frugal; ñieàm ñaïm cool, poised; ñaïm baïc [of meal] to be simple, economical 2 n. trader ñaïi tieän v. to go to the bathroom, to have a nitrogen, protein: chaát ñaïm protein bowel movement: ñi ñaïi tieän to go to the toi- ñaïm chaát n. nitrogen ñaïm tình n. indifference let; cf. tieåu tieän ñaïi traøng n. large intestine ñan v. to knit [sweater aùo len]; to weave [mat chieáu; basket roå; net löôùi; cane chair gheá maây] ñaïi trí n. great mind ñaïi trieàu n. imperial court; audience Ñan Maïch n. Denmark, Danish Excellency 63 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñan queá ñan queá n. L the moon ñang thì v. to be in the flush of youth ñan taâm n. red ginseng ñaùng v., adj. to deserve, to merit; to be worthy ñan thanh n. red and green painting; beautiful of; R suitable, proper, appropriate, adequate: ñích ñaùng proper; thích ñaùng suitable; chính ñaùng legitimate painting ñaùn n. R dawn, morning: nhaát ñaùn overnight; Nguyeân ñaùn New Year’s day, New Year’s festival [lunar calendar] ñaøn 1 n. [SV caàm] (= ñôøn) musical instrument, stringed instrument [piano, guitar, mandolin, violin, etc.]: chôi/ñaùnh ñaøn Taây ban caàm to play the guitar; keùo ñaøn vó caàm to play the violin; leân giaây ñaøn to tune the instrument; daïo ñaøn to try out, to play a few bars 2 n. flock, herd, school, band: moät ñaøn gaø maùi a flock of hens 3 n. altar; R rostrum, terrace: dieãn ñaøn tribune; ñaêng ñaøn to go up to the rostrum; vaên ñaøn literary forum ñaøn anh n. elder [rank] ñaøn aùp v. to repress, to quell, to suppress ñaøn baø n. woman, women; female ñaøn baàu n. Vietnamese monochord musical instrument ñaøn ñòch v. to play the guitar and the flute, to play musical instruments ñaøn em n. younger [rank] ñaøn haïch v. to question severely, to impeach ñaøn hoài adj. elastic, resilient ñaøn höông n. sandal wood ñaøn nguyeät n. Vietnamese two-chord guitar ñaøn oââng n. man, men; male ñaøn tranh n. Vietnamese 16-chord zither ñaøn vieät v. to give alms to Buddhist monks ñaûn n. R holy birthday [of saints, gods]: Gia toâ Thaùnh ñaûn Christmas; Phaät ñaûn Buddha’s birthday ñaûn baïch chaát n. albumen ñaûn nhaät n. birthday ñaïn n. bullet, slug CL hoøn, vieân; R missile: hoûa ñaïn missile; suùng ñaïn guns and bullet, warfare, hostilities ñaïn döôïc n. ammunition ñaïn ñaïi baùc n. cannon ball ñaïn ñaïo n. trajectory ñaïn traùi phaù n. shell ñang adv. (= ñöông) to be engaged in [doing so and so], be in the midst of [doing something] [precedes main verbs] ñang khi adv., conj. while ñang luùc adv., conj. while ñang tay v. to have the heart to do something, to be ruthless to ñang taâm v. to be callous enough to ñaùng ñaùng ñaùng ñaùng cheâ adj. to be blamed ñôøi adj. well-deserved; worthy giaù adj. worth the money paid for keå adj. noticeable, remarkable; worth mentioning: keát quaû ñaùng keå remarkable outcomes ñaùng khen adj. praiseworthy ñaùng kieáp adj. deserving well ñaùng leõ adv. instead of; normally ñaùng lyù adv. instead of ñaùng maët adj. worthy of [being something] ñaùng thöông adj. pitiful, pitiable ñaùng tieàn adj. worth its price, worth the money ñaùng toäi adj. deserving punishment ñaùng traùch adj. to be blamed ñaøng n. See ñöôøng ñaûng n. gang, party, band: ñaûng chính trò/ chính ñaûng political party; chuûû ñaûng/ñaàu ñaûng gang leader, party head; ñaûng Baûo thuû the Conservative Party; ñaûng Lao ñoäng the Labor Party; ñaûng Coäng hoaø the Republican Party; ñaûng Daân chuû the Democratic Party; ñaûng Coäng saûn the Communist Party; ñaûng Xaõ hoäi the Socialist Party; ñaûng Caáp tieán xaõ hoäi the Radical Socialist Party ñaûng boä n. committee of a party ñaûng cöông n. party policy/outline ñaûng phaùi n., adj. parties and factions; to be partisan: oùc ñaûng phaùi partisanship ñaûng phí n. party dues/fee, membership fee ñaûng trò n. one-party system, one-party rule ñaûng tröôûng n. party head, party leader ñaûng vieân n. party member, party man ñaûng uyû n. committee of a party ñaõng adj. absent-minded, forgetful; ñaõng trí, ñaõng tính; lô ñaõng forgetful ñaõng tính adj., n. absent-minded; absentmindedness ñaõng trí adj. absent-minded, forgetful ñaùng töû n. vagabond; libertine ñanh n. [also ñinh] nail, screw: ñoùng ñanh to drive in; vaën ñanh to screw; buùa ñanh/ñinh claw hammer; ñaàu ñanh boil, pimple ñanh ñaù adj. sharp-tongued; resolute; impertinent ñanh ghim n. pin ñanh khuy n. nut 64 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñaùo nhieäm ñanh oác n. screw ñanh theùp adj. [of voice, character] trenchant, ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh steel-like, firm, energetic, forceful: lôøi noùi ñanh theùp trenchant words ñaùnh v. to hit, to strike, to beat, to combat, to fight; to rub, to polish; to play [cards, chess, etc.], to play [string instrument]; to levy [tax]; to eat, to sleep; to drive [a car]; to beat, to stir: ñaùnh boùng ñoâi giaày to polish shoes ñaùnh baû v. to poison ñaùnh baïc v. to gamble ñaùnh baøi v. to play cards ñaùnh baïi v. to defeat: ñaùnh baïi keû thuø to defeat the enemy ñaùnh baïo v. to venture to ñaùnh baåy v. to trap, to ensnare ñaùnh beå v. to break [glassware, chinaware] ñaùnh bi v. to shoot marbles ñaùnh boùng v. to polish; to stump, to shave off ñaùnh caù v. to fish; to bet, to wager ñaùnh chaân maøy v. to trim one’s eyebrows ñaùnh cheùn v. to eat and drink ñaùnh cheát v. to beat to death ñaùnh côø v. to play chess ñaùnh cuoäc v. to bet, to wager ñaùnh daáu v. to mark; to mark the accent or diacritic ñaùnh deïp v. to put down, to suppress; to crush ñaùnh dieâm v. to strike a match ñaùnh ñaém v. to sink [transitive] ñaùnh ñaäp v. to beat ñaùnh ñó v. to be a prostitute, to act like a prostitute ñaùnh ñieän v. to send a telegram ñaùnh ñòt v. to blow a fart ñaùnh ñoøn v. to beat, to flog ñaùnh ñoá v. to bet, to wager ñaùnh ñoå v. to spill ñaùnh ñoâi v. to team up, to play double ñaùnh ñoåi v. to swap, to trade in ñaùnh ñu v. to swing; to join the company ñaùnh ñuøng adv. all of a sudden, suddenly ñaùnh ghen v. to get into a fit of jealousy; to make a scene because one is jealous ñaùnh giaù v. to evaluate, to appraise ñaùnh gianh v. to weave grass together ñaùnh giaëc v. to go to war, to fight the rebels ñaùnh giaây theùp v. to send a telegram ñaùnh giaày v. to polish shoes, to shine shoes: kem ñaùnh giaày shoe polish ñaùnh gioù gioù v. to rub a sore spot, to rub out a cold göôm v. to fence hôi v. to smell, to scent laùng v. to polish lieàu v. to risk loâng maøy v. to trim or pencil one’s eyebrows ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh luoáng v. to furrow löôùi v. to catch with a net maù hoàng v. to apply rouge, to make up maùy (chöõ) v. to type: ñaùnh maùy moät ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh maát v. to lose, to mislay moùng tay v. to polish one’s fingernails nhau v. to fight each other phaán v. to powder one’s face, to make up quaàn vôït v. to play tennis raám v. to blow a fart rôi v. to drop soá v. to number, to mark thaùo v. to attack in order to set free a laù thö to type a letter prisoner ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh thueá v. to levy taxes, to tax thöùc v. to wake [somebody] up tranh v. to weave grass traùo v. to swap, to cheat traän v. to go to war troáng v. to beat a drum troáng laûng v. to evade the subject troáng laáp v. to change the subject in order to avoid embarrassment vaûy v. to scale a fish vaàn v. to spell [a word] vaät v. to wrestle voõ v. to box, to wrestle vôõ v. to break [chinaware, glassware] v. to resign or to consent to [precedes main verb] ñaønh hanh adj. wicked; naughty ñaønh phaän v. to resign oneself to one’s lot, to be content with one’s lot ñaønh raèng conj. though, although ñao n. R knife (= dao); scimitar; hostilities: ñaïi ñao long-handled sword; ñoaûn ñao dagger ñao kieám n. saber and sword, weapons ñao phuû n. executioner ñaùo n. hopscotch [with chôi, ñaùnh to play] ñaùo ñe ñeåå adv. extremely, excessively [follows verb] ñaùo kyø v. to meet the deadline ñaùo lyù adj. reasonable, logical ñaùo nhieäm v. to resume one’s duty, to take up one’s reponsibility, to come back to one’s office ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaùnh ñaønh 65 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñaøo ñaøo 1 n. peach: caây ñaøo peach tree; hoa ñaøo peach blossom; anh ñaøo cherry; haïnh ñaøo apricot; truùc ñaøo oleander 2 n. young girl; lover; boy/girl friend; actress: ñaøo haùt singer; ñaøo chôùp boùng ñaøo xi-neâ movie star 3 v. to dig, to dig up; to excavate; to lift; to sink [well gieáng]: ñaøo khoai to lift a sack of potatoes ñaøo binh n. deserter ñaøo chuù v. to form, to create ñaøo haùt n. actress; cf. keùp haùt ñaøo hoa v. to be lucky in love ñaøo keùp n. actors and actresses, the cast ñaøo kieåm n. rosy cheeks; pretty girl ñaøo luyeän v. to train ñaøo moû v. to be a gold digger, to mine ñaøo nguõ v. to desert ñaøo nguyeân n. Arcadra, fairyland ñaøo taïo v. to train, to form ñaøo taåu v. to escape, to flee ñaøo thaûi v. to eliminate; to select: töï nhieân ñaøo thaûi natural elimination ñaøo thoaùt v. to escape, to run away, to flee ñaøo tô n. young girl ñaûo 1 n. island: baùn ñaûo peninsula; quaàn ñaûo archipelago; Coân ñaûo Poulo Condor; hoang ñaûo deserted island 2 v. R to turn over, to turn around, to turn upside down, to overthrow: ñaû ñaûo to topple, to overthrow, to knock down; khuynh ñaûo to overthrow ñaûo chính n., v. coup d’etat; to revolve ñaûo ñieân adj. unhappy; mad; shifty, disloyal ñaûo loän v. to turn upside down, to upset ñaûo nghòch v. to rebel ñaûo ngöôïc v. to turn upside down, to reverse; to upset ñaïo 1 n. ethical way of acting; doctrine, religion; Taoism; Christianity; R road, way, route, orbit/lead, guide: ñaïo laøm con a child’s duty, one’s duty as a child; ñaïo Khoåøng (töû) Confucianism; ñi ñaïo to be a Catholic; xích ñaïo equator; Ecuador; quyõ ñaïo orbit; ñaïo Gia toâ Catholicism; ñaïo Hoài hoài Islam; ñaïo laõo Taoism; ñaïo Phaät Buddhism; ñaïo Thieân chuùa Christianity; ñaïo Tin laønh Protestantism; coá ñaïo missionary; nhaân ñaïo humanity; chæ ñaïo, daãn ñaïo to guide, to steer 2 n. CL for armies, laws, decrees, edicts: moät ñaïo quaân, moät ñaïo binh an army; moät ñaïo luaät a bill; moät ñaïo saéc leänh a degree ñaïo coâ n. Taoist priestess ñaïo dieãn n. producer, stage manager [radio, theater, TV] ñaïo ñaïo ñaïo ñaïo ñaïo ñaïo ñaïo ñöùc n. virtue, morality, goodness giaùo n. Taoism haøm n. derivative haïnh n. virtue höõu n. religious follower, Buddhist lyù n. doctrine, principle maïo adj. imposing, serious-looking, distinguished-looking só n. Taoist priest sö n. Taoist priest taëc n. brigand, pirate, robbers vaên v. to plagrarize: toäi ñaïo vaên plagiarism 1 v. to answer, to reply: phuùc ñaùp lôøi môøi to reply to the invitation; ñoái ñaùp to answer questions; thi vaán ñaùp oral examination; phuùc ñaùp quí coâng vaên ngaøy… in reply to your letter of … 2 v. to catch, to take a train/ plane: ñaùp maùy bay ñi Haø Noäi to take a plane to Hanoi 3 v. to land, to touch down: maùy bay vöøa ñaùp xuoáng the plane has landed ñaùp aùn n. answer, key of answer ñaùp bieän v. to reply ñaùp leã v. to return a call/visit ñaùp töø v. to reply to speech ñaùp öùng v. to meet the need, to satisfy ñaïp v. to kick [with sole or heel], to tread, to step on, to pedal, to cycle: ñaïp xe voøng quanh thaønh phoá to cycle around the city; baøn ñaïp pedal; xe ñaïp bicycle; xe ñaïp nöôùc water wheel ñaïp ñoå v. to topple, to overthrow; to kick down, to push down ñaïp maùi v. [of cock] to copulate with a hen ñaïp thanh v. to visit relatives’ graves in spring ñaït v. to reach [aim muïc ñích], to realize, to achieve: ñaït muïc ñích to reach one’s objective; chuyeån ñaït to transfer; dieãn ñaït to convey, to express ñaït nhaân n. sophisticated man; successful man ñaït vaän n. good fortune ñau n., adj. pain, aching, hurt; ailing, suffering, to be sick: ñau oám to be sick; laøm ñau to hurt ñau bao töû adj. to have a stomach-ache ñau buïng adj. to have a stomach upset ñau buoàn adj. distressed, sorrowful ñau daï daøy adj. to have stomach-ache ñau ñeû adj. to have labor pains ñau ñôùn adj. to be painful, suffering, sorrowful ñau khoåû adj. miserable; suffering [morally] ñau loøng v., adj. to feel deep grief; heart-rending ñau maøng oùc v. to have meningitis ñaïo ñaïo ñaïo ñaïo ñaùp 66 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñaêng ñoà ñau maét v. to have sore eyes: beänh ñau maét eye trouble, conjunctivitis ñau maét hoät adj. to have trachoma ñau oám adj. sick, ill [frequently] ñau raêng adj. having a toothache ñau ruoät adj. having intestinal trouble ñau thöông adj. sorrowful ñau tim adj. having heart trouble: beänh ñau tim/chöùng ñau tim heart disease; côn ñau tim ñoät truî heart attack ñau yeáu adj. [frequently] ill ñay n. jute ñay nghieán v. to reproach, to reprimand or to scold bitterly ñaùy n. bottom, base: khoâng ñaùy bottomless; taän ñaùy loøng from the bottom of one’s heart ñaøy v. to deport, to banish, to exile ñaøy aûi v. to exile; to ill-treat ñaøy ñoaï v. to ill-treat ñaøy tôù n. servant ñaõy n. bag, sack ñaéc v. R to obtain, to be elected (= ñöôïc) [opp. thaát]: ñaéc cöû to be elected ñaèc chí adj. self-satisfied, proud of oneself ñaéc duïng adj. useful, usable ñaéc ñaïo v. to reach enlightenment ñaéc ñòa n. good spot, prospitous location ñaéc keá v. to succeed in one’s scheme ñaéc lôïi v., adj. to achieve a profit; to be profitable; advantageous ñaéc löïc adj. able, efficient; capable ñaéc saùch n. good method, clever method ñaéc thaéng adj., v. victorious; to win a victory ñaéc theá v. to be favored [by luck, success] ñaéc thôøi v., adj. to have the opportunity; lucky ñaéc toäi v. to be guilty ñaéc yù v., adj. to be satisfied; contented ñaëc adj. thick [opp. loûng]; strong [opp. loaõng]; condensed; massive, full, solid [opp. roãng]; coagulated, solidified: söõa ñaëc coù ñöôøng sweetened condensed milk; theå ñaëc solid state; doát ñaëc thick-headed; ñoâng ñaëc jampacked; toái ñaëc pitch dark ñaëc aân n. privilege, special favor ñaëc bieät adj. special, characteristic, typical, particular ñaëc caùch n., adv. as an exception; exceptionally ñaëc caùn mai adj. very stupid ñaëc chaát n. peculiar matter ñaëc dò adj. to be distinctive ñaëc ñieåm n. characteristic: ñaëc ñieåm caù nhaân personal characteristics ñaëc kòt adj. dense [of crowd] ñaëc nhieäm n., adj. special mission; extraordinary ñaëc phaùi v. to send on a special mission ñaëc phaùi vieân n. special correspondent: tin cuûa boån baùo ñaëc phaùi vieân news by our special correspondent ñaëc quyeàn n. privilege, prerogative ñaëc san n. special magazine ñaëc saõn n. seafood; special food: nhaø haøng ñaëc saõn a seafood restaurant ñaëc saéc n., adj. characteristic feature; to be brilliant, outstanding; special: moùn aên ñaëc saéc special food ñaëc söù n. special envoy; ambassader extraordinary ñaëc taøi n. exceptional talent, special gift ñaëc thuø adj. special ñaëc tính n. special character, peculiarity ñaëc tröng n. specific trait ñaëc öôùc n. special agreement ñaëc vieân n. special agent ñaëc vuï n. special mission, intelligence service, secret agent ñaëc xaù v. to release prisoners early on a special occasion, to grant a special reprieve ñaêm chieâu adj. [of look] absorbed, worried, anxious ñaêm ñaêm v. to stare at, to look fixedly at ñaém adj., v. to be drowned; to sink: say ñaém to be engulfed in [passion]; bò ñaém taøu shipwrecked ñaém ñuoái adj. engulfing in [passion]; [of look] full of love ñaèm adj. calm, equable ñaèm thaém adj. fervid, profound, sweet ñaüm adj. wet, soaked: öôùt ñaüm wallowing in [water nöôùc, mud buøn] ñaén ño v. to weigh the pros and cons, to hesitate ñaün v. to chop, to fell [tree]/section, to piece: ñaün goã to chop wood ñaêng 1 v. to insert, to publish, to print; R to register 2 n. R lamp, lantern, light (= ñeøn): haûi ñaêng lighthouse ñaêng baï v. to register: ñaêng baï xe gaén maùy to register one’s motorcycle ñaêng cai v. to host ñaêng cöïc adj. to be crowned ñaøng ñaøi v. to go up to the ring or the rostrum ñaêng ñaøn v. to go up to the rostrum ñaêng ñoà v. to set out, to go on a trip 67 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñaêng ñöôøng ñaêng ñöôøng v. [of high mandarin] to come to court ñaêng hoaû v. to burn; to light the lamp or fire ñaêng khoa v. to pass the examination ñaêng kyù v. to register: soá ñaêng kyù xe the ñaúng traät n. rank, grade ñaëng v. See ñöôïc ñaép v. to pile up, to pack [earth ñaát, stone ñaù], to construct [mound uï, dike ñeâ, road ñöôøng]; to fill up [gap, lack]: ñaép chaên/meàn to cover car’s registration number oneself with a blanket ñaêng lính v. to enlist in the army ñaép ñieám v. to cover, to protect ñaêng luïc v. to register ñaép ñoåi v. to live from day to day, from hand to mouth ñaêng nhaä nhaäp v. to log on ñaêng quang adj. to be crowned ñaét adj. (= maéc) expensive, costly ñaêng xuaá xuaát v. to log off ñaét tieàn adj. [opp. reû]; [of goods] in great ñaêng taûi v. to carry, to publish [news, story] demand [opp. eá]: ñaét khaùch [of shop or shopñaêng ten n. [Fr. dentelle] lace keeper] busy, having plenty of business; ñaét ñaêng tieân v. to go up to Fairyland, i.e. to die haøng busy business; ñaét nhö toâm töôi to sell like hot cakes ñaêng trình v. to set out, to go on a trip ñaêng vò v. to ascend the throne ñaét choàng adj. [of young girl] having many ñaéng v., adj. [SV khoå] bitter: möôùp ñaéùng bitter suitors ñaét ñoû adj. [of living ñôøi soáng] dear, expensive: melon ñaéng cay adj. bitter and hot, miserable, ñôøi soáng ñaét ñoû very high cost of living ñaét vôï adj. [of young man] highly eligible painful ñaéng ngaét adj. very bitter ñaët v. to place, to put; to set up [rules, instituñaèng n. side, direction, way: Ñaèng naøo? tions]; to write, to construct [sentences]; to Which way? Which direction?; ñaèng naøy over fabricate, to invent, to make up: baøy ñaët/ bòa ñaët to fabricate; ñaët mua haøng to order here; instead; Ñaèng aáy Over there, you folk.; goods; ñaët tieàn tröôùc/ñaët coïc to make a ñaèng kia over there, yonder ñaèng ñaüng adv. for a long time deposit or downpayment; xeáp ñaët to arrange; ñaèng haéng v. to clear one’s throat caùch ñaët caâu syntax ñaèng la n. concubine ñaët baøy v. to fabricate, to invent [stories] ñaèng thaèng adj. serious, correct; ñaèng thaèng ñaët chuyeän v. to fabricate ra … actually speaking, in principle ñaët coïc v. to give money earnestly, to make a deposit, to pay in advance ñaúng n. rank, grade, level: bình ñaúng ñaët ñeå v. to fabricate, to invent [stories]; to equal(ity); sô ñaúng elementary [level]; trung ñaúng intermediate [level]; cao ñaúng higher arrange, to force level; ñoàng ñaúng similar; ñeä nguõ ñaúng the ñaët ñieàu v. to fabricate, to make up stories ñaët ñít v. to sit down fifth class ñaúng aùp n. constant pressure ñaët löng v. to lie down ñaèng caáp n. grade, level; class ñaët mình v. to lie down ñaúng chu n. isoperimeter ñaët teân v. to name, to give a name, to give a ñaúng haïng n. rank, category nickname ñaúng khuynh adj. isoclinal ñaâm v. to prick, to stab; to pound [rice]; to grow, to sprout, to issue; to hit, to collide ñaèng kích adj. isometric ñaúng löôïng adj. isodynamic [vaøo against]; to become, to turn into, to change suddenly: ñaâm cuoàng/ñaâm khuøng ñaúng nhieät adj. isothermic ñaúng phöông adj. radical; truïc ñaúng phöông to go crazy, to go berserk; ñaâm hoaûng to radical ax [math] panic; ñaâm lieàu to become bold; ñaâm löôøi to become lazy; ñaâm lo to become worried ñaúng saéc adj. isochromatic ñaúng theá adj. equipotential ñaâm bò thoùc, choïc bò gaïo v. to play two adversaries against each other ñaúng thôøi adj. isochronic ñaúng thöù n. rank, order ñaâm boå v. to rush, to hurry ñaúng thöùc n. equality ñaâm boâng v. to bloom, to blossom ñaúng tích n. constant volume ñaâm choài v. to issue buds or shoots ñaúng tính n. homogeneity ñaâm ñaàu v. to throw oneself [vaøo, xuoáng into] 68 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñaàu ñaâm nuï v. to issue buds ñaâm saàm v. to run into [suddenly] ñaám v. to punch, to hit with one’s fist: ñaám moät caùi to punch once, to give one punch ñaám boùp v. to massage ñaám ñaù v. to fight, to come to blows [and kicks] ñaám hoïng v. (= ñaám moõm) to give a hush to someone, to bribe ñaàm n. [Fr. dame] French lady, Western lady: baø ñaàm Western lady; nhaûy ñaàm to dance ñaàm aám adj. [of home atmosphere] cozy and nice, sweet, happy: gia ñình ñaàm aám happy family ñaàm ñaøi adj. wet, soaked ñaãm v. to wallow in the water or in the mud: öôùt ñaãm to be soaked, drenched; ñaãm maùu blood-soaked, bloody; ñaãm moà hoâi sweating all over ñaäm adj. strong, not watery, [of color] dark ñaäm ñaø adj. warm, friendly: moái quan heä thaân höõu ñaäm ñaø friendly relationship ñaàn adj. dull, simple, foolish, stupid, silly: ngöôøi ngu ñaàn a stupid person ñaàn ñoän adj. dull, simple, silly, slow-witted, thick-headed ñaáng n. CL for gods, heroes: ñaáng taïo hoaù God, the Creator; ñaáng cöùu theá the Savior, Jesus Christ; moät ñaáng anh huøng a hero ñaäp v. to smash, to pound, to break, to beat; to thresh; [of heart] to beat: ñaùnh ñaäp to beat, to hit ñaäp nöôùc n. dam ñaát n. [SV ñòa, thoå] earth, soil; land; ground, floor; estate: ñaát ñai landed property, territory; quaû ñaát/traùi ñaát the earth; ruoäng ñaát land, ricefield; giôøi ñaát sky and earth, the universe; döôùi ñaát on the floor; under the ground; ñoäng ñaát earthquake; noài ñaát earthen pot ñaát boài n. silt ñaát caùt n. sand, sandy land ñaát ñai n. territory, land, property ñaát khaùch n. foreign land ñaát lieàn n. mainland ñaát nöôùc n. country, land, nation: phuïc vuï cho ñaát nöôùc toâi to serve my country ñaát phuø sa n. silt ñaát seùt n. clay ñaát thaùnh n. holy land; graveyard, cemetery ñaát thoù n. clay ñaâu 1 pron. Where?; somewhere, anywhere, everywhere; Nowhere/to be where?: ñaâu noù cuõng ñi he goes everywhere, he would go any place; ñaâu ñaâu everywhere [cuõng procedes verb]; ñaâu ñaây somewhere, some place around here; ñaâu ñaáy, ñaâu ñoù somewhere; Ñaâu naøo? Where?; ñaâu ra ñaáy everything where it belongs, everything in order; Bieát ñaâu? … Who knows?..; boãng ñaâu, deø ñaâu, hay ñaâu, ngôø ñaâu suddenly, who would expect; chuyeän khoâng ñaâu vaøo ñaâu nonsense 2 adv. [particle of negation] not, not at all ñaáu 1 v. to fight, to compete: ñaáu toá to denounce, to accuse [landlords, bourgeois elements, etc.] in a public trial; traän ñaáu fight, match; baùn ñaáu giaù to sell by auction 2 v. to mix, to join: ñaáu hai ñaàu daây laïi vôùi nhau to join two rolls of string 3 n. a quart: ñaáu ngoâ a peck of corn ñaáu dòu v. to back down, to give up one’s previous tough position ñaáu giaù v. to auction: ñaáu giaù ngoâi nhaø to auction a house ñaáu göôm v. (= ñaáu kieám) to be sword fighting ñaáu khaåu v. to quarrel, to argue ñaáu lyù v. to debate, to argue ñaáu thaàu v. to bid for a contract ñaáu thuû n. fighter, boxer, wrestler; player ñaáu toá v. [communist] to denounce, to accuse [landlords, bourgeois elements, etc.] in a public trial ñaáu tranh v. to struggle ñaáu trí v. to match wits ñaáu tröôøng n. field where public trials are held ñaáu voõ v. to box, to wrestle ñaáu xaûo n. exposition, fair ñaàu n. head; beginning, start; front end, end: ban ñaàu [at] the beginning; baét ñaàu to begin, to start; baïc ñaàu to get old; caïo ñaàu to get/ give a haircut; caém ñaàu to lead, to direct, to head; cheùm ñaàu to behead; coác ñaàu to bump one’s head [vaøo against]; cuùi ñaàu to bow one’s head; cöùng ñaàu stubborn; gaät ñaàu to nod; goäi ñaàu to wash one’s hair, to have a shampoo; hoùi ñaàu, soùi ñaàu bald; laøm ñaàu to have a perm, to have one’s hair set; laéc ñaàu to shake one’s head; chaûi ñaàu to comb/brush one’s hair; daãn ñaàu to lead [race]; nhöùc ñaàu to have a headache; ñöông ñaàu to face, to cope [vôùi with]; troïc ñaàu with a shaven head; töø ñaàu ñeán chaân from head to toe; töø ñaàu ñeán cuoái from beginning to end; ñaàu ñöôøng xoù chôï in the street 69 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñaàu beáp ñaàu ñaàu ñaàu ñaàu ñaàu ñaàu ñaàu ñaàu ñaàu beáp n. head cook, chef boø adj. stubborn, hard-headed caùnh n. wing tip caàu n. bridgehead cô v. to speculate ñaøn n. leader, cock of the walk, chief ñeà n. title; examination question; topic ñoäc v. to poison ñuoâi n. the beginning and the end, the ñaäu xanh n. green beans: baùnh ñaäu xanh green bean cakes ñaây n., pron., adv. here, this place; this; now: ôû ñaây, taïi ñaây here, at this place; Laïi ñaây. Come here.; roài ñaây hereafter, from now on ñaáy 1 n., pron. there, that place; that: ôû ñaáy, taïi ñaáy there, at that place; töø ñaây ñeán ñaáy from here to that place 2 adv. [final particle in questions containing ai, gì, chi, naøo, ñaâu, sao, bao giôø] long and short ñaàu gioù n. draft [strong wind] ñaày v., adj. [SV maõn] full, filled; to have fully: ñaàu goái n. knee ñaày tuoåi toâi [of infant] to be fully one-year old; ñaàu haøng v. to surrender khoâng ñaày not quite, less than ñaàu hoài n. gable ñaày aép adj. full to the brim ñaàu laâu n. head [on skeleton], skull ñaày buïng adj. having indigestion ñaàu loøng n. firstborn child ñaày daãy adj. full to the brim, full of ñaàu maùy n. engine, locomotive ñaày ñaën adj. plump, shapely; [face] to be ñaàu moái n. clue round ñaàu naõo n. headquarter; nerve-center ñaày ñuû adj. enough, full, complete; well ñaàu naäu n. business leader, business provided connection ñaày tôù n. servant ñaàu oùc n. mind; knowledge: ñaàu oùc thoâng ñaày traøn v. to overflow minh an intelligent mind ñaåy v. to push, to shove: thuùc ñaåy to push, to ñaàu phieáu v. to cast a vote, to vote: mieãn ñaàu encourage, to urge phieáu to abstain; quyeàn ñaàu phieáu right to ñaåy maïnh v. to push, to promote ñaãy adj. (= beùo) fat; full vote ñaàu phuïc v. to surrender, to submit oneself to ñaãy ñaø adj. big and fat, plump ñaàu quaân v. to enlist in the army ñaäy v. to cover [with a lid or stopper] ñaàu soû n. chief, leader, ringleader, gang leader ñe 1 v. to threaten: moái ñe doaï danger, threat ñaàu taét maët toái v. to toil hard, to be extremely 2 n. anvil CL caùi busy ñeø v. to press down, to crush, to squeeze: ñeø eùp/ñeø neùn to oppress ñaàu thai adj. reincarnated [laøm into] ñaàu thuù v. to surrender oneself ñeø beïp v. to crush; to overwhelm ñaàu thöøa ñuoâi theïo n. odds and ends ñeû v. [SV sinh, saûn] (= sinh) to be born; to bear ñaàu tieân adj. first; at first [child con], to lay [eggs tröùng], to bring forth, to give birth [ra to]; [of animals] to throw; [of ñaàu tö v. to invest: ñaàu tö vaøo nhaø ñaát to invest in property bitch, she-wolf, she-bear] to whelp; mother; ñaäu 1 n. bean, pea, haricot 2 v. (= ñoã) [of you [my mother]: sinh ñeû to have children; birds] to perch; [of vehicles] to stop, to park; con ñeû blood child [as opp. to adopted child]; ñau ñeû to be in labor; ñeû non to have a pre[of candidate] to pass an examination 3 v. to pass an examination mature baby; sinh naêm ñeû baûy to have many ñaäu ñen n. black beans children; ngaøy sinh thaùng ñeû date of birth; ñaäu ñuõa n. string beans tieáng meï ñeû mother tongue; ñeû sinh ñoâi to ñaäu Hoaø lan n. green peas have twins ñaäu khaáu n. nutmeg ñem v. to take or to bring along [RV ñeán to a place, ñi away, laïi forth, about, leân up, veà ñaäu laøo n. typhoid fever ñaäu muøa n. small pox back, vaøo in, xuoáng down] ñaäu naønh n. soybeans: söõa ñaäu naønh soy ñen adj. [SV haéc] black; unlucky; dark: ñen ñuûi unlucky; côm ñen opium; toái ñen pitch milk dark; Ngöôøi Myõ da ñen American negro; boâi ñaäu phoïng n. (= laïc) peanuts ñen to blacken; nhuoäm ñen to dye black; ñoåi ñaäu phuï n. bean curds traéng thay ñen to be shifty, to change, to be ñaäu töông n. soybeans 70 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñeâm unfaithful; soá ñen/vaän ñen bad luck; daân ñen commoner ñeøn n. [SV ñaêng] lamp; light: ngoïn, ñeøn pin/ bin flashlight; ñeøn ñieän electric light; ñeøn pha searchlight, headlight [of a car]; baät ñeøn to switch on the light; taét ñeøn to switch off the light; boùng ñeøn (ñieän) light bulb; chao ñeøn, chuïp ñeøn lamp shade ñeo v. to wear, to put on: ñeo nöõ trang to wear jewelry; ñeo kính to wear glasses; ñeo ñoàng hoà to wear a watch ñeo ñuoåi v. to pursue, to stick to [career] ñeøo n. mountain pass ñeøo v. to carry on one’s vehicle or bicycle ñeõo v. to whittle, to trim, to square; to squeeze [money tieàn] ñeïp adj. [SV myõ] beautiful, pretty, attractive, handsome: saéc ñeïp/veû ñeïp beauty; laøm ñeïp loøng to please; laøm ñeïp maët to do honor to ñeïp duyeân v. to marry [vôùi, cuøng precedes object] ñeïp ñeõ adj. See ñeïp ñeïp trai adj. [of man] handsome ñeùt 1 adj. dried up, withered, thin 2 v. to whip ñeâ n. dike: ñeâ vôõ, vôõ ñeâ the dike broke ñeâ ñieàu n. dikes, levees, dams ñeâ heøn adj. mean, base ñeâ maït adj. vile, mean ñeâ meâ v. to be drunk, to be under the spell of ñeâ tieän adj. coward, abject ñeá 1 n. sole [of shoe], base, stand; root: thaâm caên coá ñeá deep-rooted 2 n. R emperor, ruler; imperialism: hoaøng ñeá emperor; phaûn ñeá anti-imperialist ñeá cheá n. monarchy ñeá ñoâ n. capital city ñeá quoác n. empire, imperialist Ñeá Thieân Ñeá Thích n. Angkor Wat ñeá vöông n. king, emperor, ruler ñeà 1 n. fig tree; CL caây 2 v. to write, to inscribe, to address [a letter]: quí thö ñeà ngaøy your letter dated 3 n. subject, title: ñaàu ñeà subject [of exam]; luaän ñeà thesis, theme; nhan ñeà title [of book] ñeà aùn n. proposal project, program ñeà bieän v. to defend [thesis] ñeà cao v. to uphold, to give prominence to: ñeà cao vai troø laõnh ñaïo to give prominence to a leadership; ñeà cao caûnh giaùc to enhance one’s vigilance ñeà caäp v. to mention, to touch on, to bring up [a problem] ñeà cöû v. to nominate ñeà hình n. judge in criminal court ñeà hueà adj. crowded; harmonious ñeà khôûi v. to put forth [proposal] ñeà lao n. jail ñeà muïc n. title [of book, article, etc.], heading ñeà nghò v., n. to suggest, to propose; move, suggestion, proposal, motion CL lôøi, baûn [with ñöa ra or ñeä trình to submit; chaáp thuaän to approve; thoâng qua to pass; uûng hoä to support, to second] ñeà phoøng v. to take precautions; to prevent: Ñeà phoøng keû caép! Beware of pickpockets! ñeà taøi n. subject, topic ñeà xuaát v. to put forth, to propose ñeà xöôùng v. to put forth, to raise, to advance [theory, etc.] ñeå 1 v. to place, to put; to let, to leave; to cede, to dispose of: ñeå choàng, ñeå vôï to divorce; ñeå laïi to leave behind, to resell; ñeå tang to be in mourning; ñeå daønh to put aside, to save; ñeå phaàn côm to save some food [for somebody]; ñeå ra to put aside, to save; ñeå yù to be careful; to heed, to pay attention [with ñeán or tôùi to], to notice 2 conj. for, so that, in order to: Ñeå laøm gì? What for? ñeå buïng v. to keep feeling, to have something on one’s mind ñeå khoâng v. to leave empty, to leave unused ñeå loä v. to disclose, to release: ñeå loä bí maät to disclose a secret ñeå maëc v. to leave alone: ñeå maëc toâi leave me alone ñeå maét v. to keep an eye on, to observe ñeå phaàn v. to spare, to save something for someone ñeå tang v. to be in mourning ñeä 1 v. to submit [resignation, petition]: ñeä kieán nghò leân ban giaùm ñoác to submit a peti- tion to the management board 2 n. R [prefix for ordinal numbers equivalent to English suffix -th; the cardinal has to be Sino-Vietnamese and the construction is ñeä numeral-noun]: ñeä nhaát first; ñeä nhò tham vuï second secretary of the embassy; ñeä nguõ chu nieân fifth anniversary 3 n. R younger brother (= em giai/ trai); I [slang]: tieåu ñeä little or stupid brother; hieàn ñeä you [my sweet little brother] ñeä trình v. to submit [proposal, plan, etc.] ñeä töû n. disciple, student ñeách v. [slang] no, not (= khoâng, chaúng, chaû) ñeâm n. [SV daï] night: ban ñeâm at night; ñeâm 71 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñeâm hoâm ngaøy night and day; nöûa ñeâm midnight; suoát ngaøy ñeâm all night and day; thöùc suoát ñeâm ñi ôû v. to be a servant, to be a maid ñi ra v. to go out, to discharge ñi thi v. to take an examination, to sit for an to stay up all night ñeâm hoâm adv. during the night, late at night ñeâm khuya n. late night ñeám v. to count: khoâng ñeám xæa ñeán to examination ignore; ñeám töø moät ñeán möôøi to count from 1 to 10; khoâng ñeám xieát countless, innumerable; thaät thaø nhö ñeám very honest ñeám xæa v. to take into account, to take into consideration ñeäm n. mattress; cushion: ñeäm loø xo spring mattress; chöõ ñeäm, tieáng ñeäm middle name, middle initial ñeán v. [SV chí, ñaùo] (= tôùi) to arrive [at], to come [to], to reach at; to, up to, down to, until: ñeán nay to date; töø tröôùc ñeán nay thus far, so far; tính ñeán hoâm nay up to this day, until today; töø ñaàu ñeán cuoái from beginning to end; töø ñaàu ñeán chaân from head to toe; noùi ñeán to speak or talk about, to speak of; nghó ñeán to think of; ñeán giôø roài it’s time, time’s up; ñeán ñaàu ñeán ñuõa, ñeán nôi ñeán choán in a complete way, carefully, thoroughly; ñeán noãi to such a degree that; ñeán tuoåi to come of age ñeàn 1 n. Taoist temple, temple CL ngoâi [with laäp to build]; palace 2 v. to compensate for, to return: ñeàn ôn to return a favor; ñeàn toäi to pay for one’s sin; baét ñeàn to claim damages ñeàn boài v. to pay back [moral debt] ñeàn buø v. to pay back, to make up for ñeånh ñoaûng adj. to be negligent, careless; indifferent ñeàu adj. to be equal, even, regular, both, all, in both or all cases: ñeàu ñeàu regularly; chia ñeàu to divide equally; moïi ngöôøi ñeàu bieát everyone knows; ñoàng ñeàu equal, even ñeàu ñaën adj. regular, well-proportioned, even ñeåu adj. ill-bred, vulgar; obscene: ñeåu caùng, ñeåu giaû mean ñi 1 v. [SV taåu, haønh] to go, to depart, to walk away: ñi baùch boä to take a walk; ñi boä to walk; ñi chôï to go to market; ñi hoïc to go to school; ñi chôi to go for a walk, to visit; ñi tuaàn to patrol; ñi ñaùi/ñi giaûi/ñi tieåu/ñi tieåu tieän to pass water; ñi caàu/ñi ñoàng/ñi ñaïi tieän/ñi æa/ ñi ngoaøi to go to the bathroom 2 adv. [final particle] come on, [let us] be sure to: ñem ñi to take away; xoaù ñi to cross off, to erase ñi buoân v. to do business ñi ñôøi adj. lost, finished, done for ñi ñöùt v. to lose, to finish ñi tu v. to become a monk ñi vaéng adj. absent, not at home ñì v. to punish, to dump ñì ñuøng v. [of large firecrackers] to crackle ñó n. prostitute, harlot, whore ñæa n. leech CL con: dai nhö ñæa to be obstinate, persistent ñóa n. saucer, plate, dish: ñóa bay flying sau- cer; ñóa record, disc; neùm ñóa to throw the disc; baùt ñóa chinaware; moät ñóa thòt gaø a plate of chicken; a dish of chicken ñòa n. R earth, land (= ñaát); geography [abbr. of ñòa dö, ñòa lyù]: ñieàn ñòa lands, ricefields; luïc ñòa continent; kinh thieân ñoäng ñòa earth shaking ñòa baï n. land register ñòa baøn n. compass ñòa caàu n. globe, earth [real size or miniature] CL quaû ñòa chaán n. earthquake ñòa chaán hoïc n. seismology ñòa chaán kyù n. seismograph ñòa chaát hoïc n. geology ñòa chæ n. address ñòa chæ chæ th thö ö ñie ñieään töû t n. email address ñòa chính n. land registry ñòa chuû n. landowner, landlord ñòa danh n. place name ñòa dö n. geography ñòa ñieåm n. point, location, site, place ñòa ñoà n. map, plan ñòa haï n. underground [agent] ñòa haït n. district; field, domain, realm, sphere ñòa hình n. topography, terrain ñòa loâi n. underground mine ñòa lôïi n. geographical advantage; produce of the land ñòa lyù n. geography: thaày ñòa lyù geomancer ñòa nguïc n. hell [opp. thieân ñöôøng/ñaøng] ñòa oác n. real estate ñòa phaän n. territory ñòa phuû n. hell ñòa phöông n. locality, local: daân ñòa phöông local or native people; oùc ñòa phöông regionalism; ñòa phöông quaân local militia[man] ñòa theá n. terrain ñòa toâ n. land rent Ñòa Trung Haûi n. the Mediterranean Sea 72 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñieän aûnh sinh moïi buoåi saùng to call the roll of students ñòa vò n. [social] position ñích n. bull’s eye, target; goal, objective, aim, every morning purpose: muïc ñích/chuû ñích main purpose ñieåm huyeät v. to hit a mortal point [Chinese ñích ñaùng adj. proper, appropriate, adequate ñích thaân adv., pron. in person, personally; boxing]; to choose a burial spot oneself, myself, yourself, etc. thò adv. exactly, precisely toân n. one’s eldest son’s eldest son xaùc adj. to be exact, precise 1 n. flute CL oáng 2 v. to compete, to be a match for, to oppose, to resist: ñoái ñòch to compete with; cöøu ñòch, quaân ñòch enemy troops, the enemy; voâ ñòch without equal, invincible; nhaø voâ ñòch champion ñòch quaân n. enemy troops, the enemy ñòch quoác n. enemy nation ñòch thuø n. enemy, foe ñòch thuû n. opponent, rival, competitor ñieác adj. deaf: ñieác tai deaf; deafening; vöøa caâm vöøa ñieác deaf and dumb, deaf-mute; giaû ñieác to feign deafness ñieác ñaëc adj. deaf ñieám n. R inn, shop; watch tower: ñieám canh watch house; löõ ñieám inn, hotel; phaïn ñieám restaurant; töûu ñieám wine shop; gaùi ñieám call girl, prostitute ñieám ñaøng v. to be tricky ñieám nhuïc v. to smear the good name of, to defame: to shame: ñieám nhuïc gia ñình to shame one’s family ñieàm n. omen, presage: ñieàm laønh good omen; ñieàm döõ bad omen; ñieàm gôû bad omen ñieàm nhieân adj. be calm, keep calm, unruffled ñieàm tónh adj. be calm, keep calm, unruffled ñieåm n. point, dot (= chaám); point [in discussion]; mark [in school]: ñieåm soá to count; to score; kieåm ñieåm to review; giao ñieåm intersection; khôûi ñieåm starting point, point of departure; nhöôïc ñieåm weakness, shortcoming; quan ñieåm viewpoint; truï ñieåm strong point, quality; yeáu ñieåm essential point; cöïc ñieåm maximum, extreme, climax; baûng ñieåm freezing point; ñòa ñieåm position, location; khuyeát ñieåm shortcoming, lacuna; toâ ñieåm to adorn, to embellish; trang ñieåm to make up; chæ ñieåm to point out, to show; to inform ñieåm binh v. to review [of troops] ñieåm caän nhaät n. parhelion, mock sun ñieåm chæ v., n. to place one’s fingerprint; informer ñieåm danh v. to call the roll: ñieåm danh hoïc ñích ñích ñích ñòch ñieåm soá n. mark, grade [of student] ñieåm taâm n. breakfast: aên ñieåm taâm to have breakfast ñieåm trang v. to adorn oneself, to make up ñieåm vieãn ñòa n. apogee ñieåm xuyeát v. to adorn, to deck ñieân adj. losing one’s mind; mad, crazy, insane [with hoaù or phaùt to become]: nhaø thöông ñieân mental hospital ñieân ñieân ñieân ñieàn cuoàng adj. mad, insane daïi adj. foolish, stupid ñaûo adj. upside down; shifty 1 n. R ricefield (= ruoäng): chuû ñieàn land- owner; maët vuoâng chöõ ñieàn to be squarefaced; dinh [or doanh] ñieàn land exploitation, agricultural development; coâng ñieàn ricefield which belongs to the village; tö ñieàn privatelyowned ricefield 2 v. to fill out [a blank], to fill [a vacancy]: ñieàn caùc töø thích hôïp vaøo khoaûng troáng to fill blanks with appropriate words ñieàn chuû n. landowner ñieàn ñòa n. land, ricefield: caûi caùch ñieàn ñòa land reform; Boä Ñieàn thoå vaø Caûi caùch ñieàn Department of Landed Property and Land Reform ñieàn khí n. farm tool, farm equipment ñieàn kinh n. athletics; track [sport]: cuoäc thi ñieàn kinh athletic competition ñieàn saûn n. landed property ñieàn thoå n. land, farmland ñieàn vieân n. fields and gardens, country life ñieån n. classical book, classical example, literary allusion; statute, code, compendium: coå ñieån ancient classics; to be classic(al); kinh ñieån the classics; töï ñieån [or töø ñieån] dictionary ñieån coá n. literary allusion ñieån tích n. literary allusion ñieän 1 n. palace, temple: cung ñieän imperial palace; Ñieän Ñoäc laäp Independence Palace 2 n. electric(al), electricity, telegram, wire: gôûi ñieän thö to send by fax; nhaø maùy ñieän power plant; xe ñieän streetcar, tram; ñeøn ñieän electric light; ñoà ñieän electrical supplies; thôï ñieän electrician; baøn laø ñieän electric iron; quaït ñieän electric fan ñieän aûnh n. movies, cinematography 73 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñieän aùp ñieän aùp n. tension, voltage ñieän baùo n. telegraphy: voâ tuyeán ñieän baùo provision 3 v. R to arrange, to order, to direct: ñieàu moät chieác xe cho toâi chieàu nay to wireless telegraphy order a car for me this afternoon ñieän cöïc n. electrode ñieàu chænh v. to regularize, to set in order, to regulate, to adjust ñieän dung n. electric capacity ñieän ñoäng n. [of force] electromotive ñieàu döôõng v. to get medical care, to give medical care: nöõ ñieàu döôõng nurse ñieän giaûi n. electrolysis ñieän hoïc n. electricity [as a subject of study] ñieàu ñình v. to arrange, to negotiate ñieän keá n. galvanometer, electricity meter ñieàu ñoäng v. to mobilize, to activate, to put to ñieän khí n. electricity work, to control, to manipulate ñieän löïc n. electric power ñieàu giaûi v. to mediate ñieän maù maùy n. electrical appliances ñieàu hoaø v. to reconcile, to adjust, to regulate ñieän naêng n. electric power ñieàu khieån v. to manage, to control, to comñieän theá n. voltage mand, to conduct ñieän thoaïi n., v. telephone; to telephone: goïi ñieàu khoaûn n. terms, conditions, stipulations ñieän thoaïi cho toâi to telephone me, to ring ñieàu kieän n. condition [circumstance or me; phoøng ñieän thoaïi telephone booth requirement]: vôùi ñieàu kieän laø on condition ñieän thoaïi thoâ thoâng ng minh n. Smartphone that; voâ ñieàu kieän unconditional; ñieàu kieän laøm vieäc working conditions; ñieàu kieän sinh ñieän tích n. electrolysis hoaït living conditions; ñieàu kieän vaät chaát ñieän tín n. telegram material conditions; ñieàu kieän toái thieåu ñieän trôû n. [electrical] resistance ñieän töø n. electromagnet(ic) minimum requirements; ñieàu kieän baét buoäc ñieän töû n., adj. electron; electronic: kyõ sö ñieän pre-requisite; ñieàu kieän caàn vaø ñuû necessary töû electronic engineer and sufficient conditions ñieän vaên n. telegram ñieàu leä n. rule, regulation, by law: ñieàu leä laøm vieäc working regulation ñieáng adj. [of pain] killing, [of news] shocking: ñau ñieáng ngöôøi very painful ñieàu tra v. to investigate: Sôû ñieàu tra Lieân bang the Federal Bureau of Investigation ñieäp 1 n. R butterfly hoà ñieäp (= böôùm) 2 v. to repeat: ñieäp yù to repeat ideas; truøng ñieäp/ ñieàu traàn v. to petition; to report truøng truøng ñieäp ñieäp innumerable, countless ñieàu trò v. to give or to receive medical treatment ñieäp ñieäp adj. heaped up ñieäp khuùc n. chorus [of a song], refrain ñieàu öôùc n. treaty; cf. hieäp öôùc ñieäp vaên n. dispatch ñieåu n. R bird (= chim): ñaø ñieåu ostrich ñieäp vaän n. repeated rhyme ñieåu loaïi hoïc n. ornithology ñieâu adj. lying, false, untrue: noùi ñieâu to lie ñieäu 1 n. appearance, aspect, posture, attitude, gesture, manner, air; tune, aria, song 2 v. to ñieâu aùc adj. false, lying ñieâu ñöùng adj. miserable take away [person], to march off ñieâu khaéc v. to carve, to sculpt: nhaø ñieâu ñieäu boä n. appearance, posture, manner, khaéc sculptor gesture ñieâu linh adj. miserable, suffering ñinh 1 n. nail CL caùi, chieác: ñinh ghim pin, clip; ñinh oác screw; buùa ñinh claw hammer; ñieâu luyeän adj. accomplished, skillful ñieâu ngoa adj. lying, false ñoùng caùi ñinh vaøo töôøng to drive a nail into the wall; ñaàu ñinh boil 2 n. village inhabitant, ñieâu taøn adj. dilapidated, in ruins ñieâu traù adj. lying, false male individual: baïch ñinh commoner; thaønh ñinh to become an adult member of the village ñieáu 1 n. [smoking] pipe; CL for cigarettes, cigars, pipes: ñieáu caày farmer’s pipe 2 v. R community to present condolences on somebody’s death: ñinh höông n. clove ñieáu tang meï baïn cheát to go and present ñinh höông hoa n. lilac condolences on the death of a friend’s mother ñinh ninh adj. sure, certain ñieáu vaên n. oration [at funeral] ñính v. to paste, to glue, to stick a pin, to join, ñieàu 1 adj. bright red 2 n. word; thing, action, to enclose: baûn sao ñính haäu a copy of which circumstance, affair, etc.; article, clause, item, is enclosed herewith 74 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñoaøn ñính chính v. to rectify, to correct: ñính chính ñònh tuùc soá n. quorum tin sai laïc to correct wrong information ñít n. buttock, bottom, rear end: loã ñít anus; ñính hoân v. to be engaged ñeùt ñít to spank; ñaù ñít a kick in the pants ñính öôùc v. to promise ñít cua n. [Fr. discours] speech [with ñoïc to deliver] ñình 1 n. communal house in the village containing a shrine of tutelary deity CL ngoâi, caùi; ñòt v. to break wind R hall, palace, courtyard: gia ñình family; tuïng ñìu hiu adj. [of sight, landscape] desolate, ñình court of justice; trieàu ñình imperial court gloomy ño v. to measure, to gauge, to survey: ño 2 v. to stop, to delay, to postpone, to adjourn: chieàu daøi caên phoøng naày to measure the ñình laïi/taïm ñình to suspend temporarily ñình baûn v. to cease publication; to close [a length of this room newspaper] ñình chæ v. to stop, to cease ñình chieán v., n. to stop fighting; armistice CL cuoäc: hieäp ñònh ñình chieán armistice [agreement]; peace agreement ñình coâng v. (= baõi coâng) to go on strike, to strike ñình ñoán v. to come to a standstill, to stagnate ñình thí n. civil service examination held at the imperial court in Hue; cf. höông thí, hoäi thí ñình treä v. to put off, to stop up, to slow down ñænh 1 n. top, summit, peak: ñænh nuùi the top of a mountain 2 n. incense burner, dynastic urn ñænh chung n. luxurious life, high living ñónh n. R boat, ship (= taàu): tieàm thuyû ñónh submarine ñònh v. to fix, to determine, to decide, to plan [to]: nhaát ñònh to make up one’s mind; aán ñònh to fix ñònh cö v. to be settled; to settle [refugees] ñònh ñeà n. postulate ñònh ñoaït v. to decide, to determine ñònh haïn v. to set a deadline ñònh höôùng v. to set a direction, to be orientated ñònh kieán n. bias, fixed idea ñònh kyø n. fixed time, agreed deadline ñònh lieäu v. to make arrangements ñònh luaät n. [scientific] law ñònh löôïng v., adj. decide an amount; quantitative ñònh lyù n. theorem ñònh meänh n. destiny, fate: thuyeát ñònh meänh determinism ñònh nghóa v., n. to define; definition ñònh soá n. fixed number ñònh sôû n. fixed address, permanent dwelling place ñònh taâm v. to intend; to calm down ñònh thöùc n. formula, fixed pattern ñònh tinh n. fixed star ñònh tính adj. qualitative ño löôøng v. to measure ñoù 1 pron., adv. (= ñaáy) that, those: there, that place: ñoù laø that’s; caùi ñoù that, that thing; choã ñoù that place, that spot, there; nay ñaây mai ñoù to move around, to be drifting around 2 n. cylindrical bamboo fish-pot: ñôm caù baèng caùi ñoù to catch fish with a cylindrical bamboo fish-pot ñoø n. ferry, boat [with chôû or laùi to steer, cheøo to row]: beán ñoø wharf, pier; coâ laùi ñoø barge girl ñoû adj. [SV hoàng] red; lucky [opp. ñen, xui]: ñoû maët blushing; taàu ñoû Red China, Red Chinese; ñeøn ñoû red light; cuoäc ñoû ñen gambling ñoï v. to compare ñoaù n. CL for flowers (= boâng): ñoaù hoa bieát noùi live flower ñoaï adj. decadent: ñaøy ñoaï ill-treated ñoaùi v. to have pity for: ñoaùi hoaøi, ñoaùi thöông [with ñeán preceding object] to think of, to long for ñoaùi töôûng v. to reminisce ñoan 1 n. [Fr. douane] the customs: thueá ñoan duties; lính ñoan customs officer, customs inspector; nhaø ñoan customs [authorities] 2 v. to promise firmly ñoan chính adj. righteous, serious ñoan ngoï n. Double Five Festival [on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month] ñoan keát v. to promise ñoan trang adj. correct and decent, serious ñoaùn v. to guess, to predict: ñoaùn tröôùc to predict; ñoaùn quyeát to guess with certainty, be absolutely sure; ñoaùn sai/laàm to guess wrongly; ñoaùn ñuùng/truùng to guess right; phaùn ñoaùn to judge; judgment; tieân ñoaùn to predict; phoûng ñoaùn to guess, to predict ñoaøn n. band, flock, detachment, body, train: sö ñoaøn division [army unit]; coâng ñoaøn trade union, labor union; ñaïi ñoaøn brigade [U.S.]; lieân ñoaøn group, corps, regiment; league, con- 75 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñoaøn keát federation; tieåu ñoaøn battalion; trung ñoaøn regiment; quaân ñoaøn army corps ñoaøn keát v., n. to unite; unity, union ñoaøn theå n. group, organization, body, community ñoaøn tuï v. to be together, to re-unite ñoaûn adj. R to be short, brief (= ngaén) [opp. tröôøng]: sôû ñoaûn shortcoming ñoaûn meänh adj., n. to be short-lived; short life ñoaûn soá adj., n. to be short-lived; short life ñoaûn thieân tieåu thuyeát n. short story, novelette ñoaïn 1 n. section, part, passage, paragraph: ñoaïn ñaàu the opening paragraph; ñoaïn cuoái the conclusion, the last paragraph, the last chapter; tam ñoaïn luaän syllogism 2 adv. R finished; then (= roài): noùi ñoaïn so saying; giaùn ñoaïn to interrupt ñoaïn ñaàu ñaøi n. guillotine, scaffold ñoaïn haäu v. to cut off the retreat ñoaïn maïi n. definitive sale ñoaïn tröôøng adj., n. painful; pains, misfortunes ñoaïn tuyeät v. to break off: ñoaïn tuyeät ngoaïi giao vôùi to break off diplomatic relations with ñoaûn adj. short: ñoaûn kyø short term ñoaønh intj. Bang! ñoaït v. to seize, to grab [power, money], to win [prize, title]: chieám ñoaït to seize, to usurp power ñoïc v. to pronounce, to read [silently or aloud], to be read; to pronounce: baïn ñoïc reader; ñoïc kinh to say a prayer; ñoïc laïi to reread, to repeat ñoùi v. to be hungry: ñoùi buïng, ñoùi loøng to be hungry [opp. no]; ñoùi keùm famine; cheát ñoùi to starve; nhòn ñoùi to be without food, to go on a hunger strike ñoùi khoå adj. starving and poor, miserable ñoùi raùch adj. poor ñoøi 1 v. to demand [food, money, payment], to claim [damage, one’s rights, etc.], to summon: traùt ñoøi or giaáy ñoøi ai summons, warrant 2 n. maid, servant: phaän toâi ñoøi a servant’s life ñoøi hoûi v. to request, to ask ñom ñoùm n. firefly, glow worm ñoùm n. bamboo fragment, spill ñoûm adj. spruced, neatly dressed: ñoûm daùng to be over-fastidious about appearance and dress ñon ñaû v. to show willingness to help ñoùn v. (= röôùc) to go to greet or to meet, to welcome, to receive: ñoùn tieáp ai to receive someone; ñoùn chaøo/ñoùn röôùc/ngheânh ñoùn to welcome ñoøn 1 n. lever; carrying pole: ñoøn gaùnh carrying pole, shoulder pole; ñoøn caân balance rod, stroke; ñoøn baåy lever 2 n. whipping, thrashing: phaûi ñoøn to be slapped; traän ñoøn flogging, whipping ñoøn dong n. ridge-pole, ridge-beam ñoøn baåy n. motive force, leverage ñoøn xoùc n. sharp-ended carrying pole ñong v. to measure [capacity], to buy [cereals]: ñong gaïo naáu aên to measure rice for cooking ñoùng 1 v. to close, to shut: ñoùng cöûa to shut the door; ñoùng saùch laïi to close the book 2 v. to drive in, to nail: ñoùng ñinh to drive a nail 3 v. to make, to build: ñoùng giaày to make shoes; ñoùng thuyeàn to build boats; ñoùng baøn gheá to make furniture 4 v. to pay; to contribute: ñoùng thueá to pay taxes ñoùng boä adj. dressed up ñoùng chai v. to bottle ñoùng daáu v. to stamp, to put the seal on: ñaõ kyù teân vaø ñoùng daáu signed and sealed ñoùng ñai v. to girdle ñoùng goùp v. to contribute ñoùng khung v. to frame; to dress up ñoùng kòch v. to play a role, to act a part ñoùng vai v. to play a part ñoùng vaåy v. to heal, to skin over ñoïng v. to accumulate, [of water] to stagnate, to be in abeyance: nöôùc ñoïng stagnant water ñoït n. browse, sprout: ñoït caây the sprout shoots of a tree ñoâ n. R metropolis, capital city: thuû ñoâ capital; kinh ñoâ imperial city; coá ñoâ ancient capital; ñeá ñoâ imperial city ñoâ ñoác n. commander-in-chief, admiral: phoù ñoâ ñoác vice-admiral; thuyû sö ñoâ ñoác Admiral of the fleet ñoâ hoä v. to dominate, to have domination over ñoâ hoäi n. big metropolis, business city: phoàn hoa ñoâ hoäi big city, flesh pots and hubs of business ñoâ la n. dollar: ñoàng ñoâ la Myõ U.S. dollar ñoâ saûnh n. city hall ñoâ thaønh n. city: saân vaän ñoäng ñoâ thaønh city stadium ñoâ thò n. city, urban center: Boä Kieán thieát vaø Thieát keá ñoâ thò Department of Reconstruction and Town Planning ñoâ tröôûng n. mayor [of old twin cities of Saigon and Cholon]; cf. thò tröôûng 76 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñoâi ba ñoâ vaät n. wrestler ñoä trì v. to help, to assist ñoá v. to dare, to defy, to challenge: thaùch ñoá to ñoác 1 v. to oversee, to supervise, to manage; challenge; caâu ñoá riddle; baøi tính ñoá problem [mathematics] ñoá kî adj., v. jealous, to envy ñoà 1 n. thing, object, baggage, material, furniture, utensil, tool; sort of, son of: ñoà aên food; ñoà chôi toy; ñoà duøng tool; ñoà ñaïc furniture; ñoà hoäp canned food; ñoà uoáng drink, beverage; ñoà coå antiques; Ñoà khoán naïn! What a rat!; ñoà ngu a stupid person 2 n. scholar, student in Sino-Vietnamese: thaày/oâng ñoà old scholar and teacher; moân ñoà disciple; sinh ñoà student; taêng ñoà monk 3 v. to trace, to calk: ñoà hình veõ to trace a picture ñoà aùn n. plan, design ñoà baûn n. map, drawing ñoà bieåu n. diagram ñoà ñeä n. disciple, student ñoà hình n. solitary confinement ñoà leã n. offerings ñoà maõõ n. brightly-colored joss papers [used to represent fake money, etc. to be burnt during Asian funerals or the Hungry Ghost festival]; gimcrack ñoà möøng n. presents: ñoà möøng ñaùm cöôùi wedding presents ñoà soä adj. imposing, impressive ñoà teå n. butcher ñoà thò n. graph ñoå v. to pour, to spill; to throw away; to be poured, to be spilled, to fall, to topple over, to turn over, to crash, to collapse; to impute, to shift [responsibility, fault, etc.], to lay [blame]: ñoå ñi to throw away; ñoå loãi/ñoå thöøa to shift fault to someone; ñoå maùu bloodshed; ñoå ñoàng on the average; the total prize; ñoå moà hoâi to perspire, to sweat ñoå baùc n. gambling ñoå boä v. [of troops] to land ñoå moà hoâi v. to perspire profusely ñoå xoâ v. to rush in ñoã See ñaäu ñoã quyeân n. rhododendron; water rail ñoä n., adv. time, period; degree, measure; approximately: ñoä noï before, during that period; ñoä naøy these days, lately; ñoä chöøng about; nhieät ñoä temperature; trình ñoä extent, degree, level; ñieàu ñoä moderation, temperance; toác ñoä speed ñoä löôïng adj. tolerant; generous ñoä theá v. to help mankind to urge 2 n. headmaster, chief, doctor: quaûn ñoác manager; giaùm ñoác director; toång ñoác province chief; ñoác coâng foreman ñoác phuû (söù) n. district chief ñoác söï n. office manager ñoác thuùc v. to encourage, to urge ñoác tôø n. [Fr. docteur] medical doctor ñoäc 1 adj. poisonous, venomous, malicious, harmful, cruel: hôi ñoäc poisonous gas; nöôùc ñoäc deadly climate [of malaria-infested areas]; noïc ñoäc venom; thuoác ñoäc poison; ñaùnh thuoác ñoäc to poison; ñaàu ñoäc to poison 2 adv. only, alone ñoäc aùc adj. cruel, wicked ñoäc baûn n. reader [book]: quoác vaên ñoäc baûn Vietnamese reader ñoäc bình n. flower vase ñoäc chaát hoïc n. toxicology ñoäc chieác adj. single; alone ñoäc döôïc n. poison: caø ñoäc döôïc belladonna ñoäc ñaûng n. one party ñoäc ñoaùn adj. to be arbitrary, dogmatic ñoäc giaû n. reader ñoäc haïi adj. poisonous; harmful ñoäc huyeàn n. monochord ñoäc laäp adj., n. to be independent; independence: ñoäc laäp, töï do vaø haïnh phuùc independence, freedom and happiness ñoäc moäc n. dugout: thuyeàn ñoäc moäc piragua ñoäc ngöõ n. monologue, soliloquy ñoäc nhaát adj. only, sole, unique: cô hoäi ñoäc nhaát voâ nhò a unique opportunity ñoäc quyeàn n., adj. monopoly [with giöõ, naém to hold]: ñaïi lyù ñoäc quyeàn sole agent ñoäc taøi adj., n. dictatorial; dictatorship: nhaø/ tay ñoäc taøi dictator ñoäc taáu v., n. to play solo; solo ñoäc thaïch n., adj. monolith, to be monolithic ñoäc thaân adj. single, unmarried ñoäc thaàn n. monotheism ñoäc toá n. toxin ñoäc xaø n. viper ñoäc xöôùng v. to sing a solo ñoâi n., adj. [SV song] pair, couple; two times, twice: chia ñoâi to divide in two; sinh ñoâi to be twins; ñeû sinh ñoâi to have twins; xöùng ñoâi (vöøa löùa) to make a nice couple; toát ñoâi to make a well-matched couple; tay ñoâi by two; bilateral; chôi/ñi nöôùc ñoâi to play double ñoâi ba adj. two or three, a few 77 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñoâi baïn ñoâi baïn n. husband and wife, couple ñoâi beân n. the two parties, the two sides ñoâi co v. to dispute, to contend ñoâi hoài v. to explain oneself; to have a friendly ñoài moài n. sea turtle ñoài phong baïi tuïc adj., n. immoral; depraved customs ñoài truî adj. depraved: taùc phaåm ñoài truî talk with someone depraved works ñoâi khi adv. occasionally, now and then, some- ñoåi v. to change, to alter, to exchange, to bartimes ñoâi maùch v. to gossip: ngoài leâ ñoâi maùch to gossip about everyone all the time ñoâi möôi n. twenty years of age, twenty years old ñoâi ta n. L the two of us [man and woman] ñoâi taùm n. sixteen years of age, sixteen years old ñoái 1 v. to treat, to behave: ñoái xöû töû teá vôùi ai to treat someone kindly 2 v., n. to be parallel; couplet: ñoái ñaùp to reply; caân ñoái to be well-balanced, well-proportioned; phaûn ñoái to oppose, be against; tuyeät ñoái to be absolute; töông ñoái to be relative; caâu ñoái couplet, parallel scrolls ñoái chaát v. to confront [witnesses] ñoái chieáu v. to compare, to contrast [two entities]: ñoái chieáu baûn sao vaø baûn chính to compare the original and its photocopy ñoái choïi v. to confront; to face up, to be in contrast ñoái dieän v., adj. to face; face to face; in front of ñoái ñaõi v. (= ñoái xöû) to treat, to behave [towards vôùi]: ñoái ñaõi baïn beø to treat one’s friend well ñoái ñaùp v. to answer, to reply ñoái ñòch adj. opposing, resisting ñoái khaùng v. to resist, to oppose ñoái laäp adj., n. standing in opposition; opposition: ñaûng ñoái laäp the opposition party ñoái ngoaïi adj. [of policy] foreign: chính saùch ñoái ngoaïi cuûa nhaø nöôùc the foreign policy of the government ñoái noäi adj. [of policy] domestic, internal affairs ñoái phoù v. to face, to deal, to cope [vôùi with]: ñoái phoù vôùi tình hình kinh teá hieän nay to cope with the present economic situation ñoái phöông n. the opposing party, the enemy, the adversary ñoái thoaïi n., v. conversation, dialogue; to converse ñoái thuû n. rival, opponent ñoái töôïng n. object, external thing ñoái vôùi prep., adv. towards, vis-a-vis; regarding ñoái xöùng adj. symmetrical ñoài n. hill: moät daõy ñoài a range of hills ñoài baïi adj. decadent, corrupt, depraved ter, to switch, to trade in: thay ñoåi to change; trao ñoåi to exchange; ñoåi yù kieán to change one’s mind ñoåi chaùc v. to barter, to trade, to exchange ñoåi dôøi v. to change ñoåi thay v. to change ñoãi n. measure, degree, extent: quaù ñoãi excessively ñoäi 1 v. to wear or carry on one’s head: ñoäi muõ to wear a hat 2 n. company [of soldiers], team, squad; sergeant (= trung só): ñaïi ñoäi company; trung ñoäi platoon; tieåu ñoäi squad; phaân ñoäi section; ñoäi banh Ngoâi sao Gia ñònh the ‘Giadinh Star’ soccer team ñoäi hình n. formation, line-up ñoäi loát v. to pretend to be, to pose as, to use as a cloak ñoäi nguõ n. army ranks, line-up ñoäi ôn adj. grateful ñoäi soå adj. at the bottom of a list ñoäi tröôûng n. sergeant, chief-sergeant, leader of a group ñoäi tuyeån n. selected team ñoäi vieân n. member of a group, member of an association ñoäi xeáp n. policeman, constable CL oâng, thaày: xe ñoäi xeáp police car ñoâm ñoáp n. clapping of hands ñoám n. spot, speckle, dot ñoân ñoác v. to urge, to stimulate ñoán 1 adj. lousy, wretched, miserable, badly behaved 2 v. to cut down, to fell [a tree]: ñoán caây khoâ ñoù ñi to cut down that dead tree ñoán ñôøi adj. degrading, miserable ñoán kieáp adj. degraded, miserable ñoán maït adj. degraded, miserable ñoàn 1 n. post, camp, fort, station: ñoàn caûnh saùt police station 2 v. to spread a rumor: ñoàn ñaïi/tin ñoàn rumor; phao tin ñoàn to spread a rumor ñoàn ñieàn n. plantation: ñoàn ñieàn cao su rubber plantation ñoàn truù v. to camp, to be stationed ñoän 1 v. to stuff, to fill, to pack, to mix: côm ñoän ngoâ rice mixed with corn 2 adj. stupid, dull, witless: ngöôøi ñaàn ñoän/ngu ñoän stupid person 78 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñoän thoå v. to vanish underground ñoâng 1 n. east: phöông ñoâng the East; raïng ñoâng dawn; Vieãn Ñoâng Far East; Trung Ñoâng Middle East; AÙ Ñoâng Asia; Ñoâng AÙ East Asia; ñoâng nam southeast; ñoâng baéc northeast 2 n. [SV ñoâng] winter: muøa ñoâng winter; ba ñoâng three years 3 v. to freeze, ñoàng söï ñoàng bang n. compatriot ñoàng baøo n. compatriot, countryman; blood brother ñoàng baèng n. plains, delta: ñoàng baèng soâng Hoàng Haø the Red River delta ñoàng boùng adj. fickle, inconstant, inconsistent ñoàng chí n. [political] comrade ñoàng chuûng n. the same race, fellowman to congeal, to coagulate 4 adj. [of people] crowded; [of place] to be crowded with: phaàn ñoàng coû n. pasture, prairie ñoâng the majority; ñaùm ñoâng crowd; ñoâng ñoàng daïng adj. identical, similar nhö kieán to be numerous ñoàng dao n. children’s song Ñoâng AÙ AÙ n. East Asia: Ñaïi Ñoâng AÙ Greater Asia ñoàng ñaïi adj. synchronic Ñoâng AÂu n. East Europe ñoàng ñaïo n. person of the same religion ñoâng chí n. winter solstice ñoàng ñeàu adj. same, uniform: laõnh löông ñoàng ñeàu to receive the same payment ñoâng cung n. crown prince Ñoâng Döông n. Indo-China: ngöôøi Ñoâng ñoàng ñieäu adj. having the same interest Döông Indo-Chinese ñoàng ñoäi n. team-mate, companion-in-arms ñoâng ñaûo adj. in crowds; crowded: ñoânh ñaûo ñoàng haïng n. single-price tickets daân chuùng crowds of people ñoàng haønh v. to go together, to go in company ñoâng ñuùc adj. [of crowd, population] to be ñoàng hoaù v. to assimilate [people, culture] dense, heavy ñoàng hoïc n. schoolmate, school fellow, fellow Ñoâng Ñöùc n. East Germany student Ñoâng Kinh n. Tonkin [obs.], Tokyo ñoàng hoà n. timepiece, watch, clock [with ñeå Ñoâng Nam AÙ n. Southeast Asia, Southeast to set, leân giaây to wind]: ñoàng hoà baùo thöùc Asian: Toå chöùc Hieäp öôùc (Lieân phoøng) Ñoâng Nam AÙ Southeast Asia Treaty Organization ñoâng phöông n. the east, the Orient ñoâng taây n. east and west: Uyû ban Thaåm ñònh Hoã töông giaù trò Vaên hoùa Ñoâng Taây Committee for the Mutual Appreciation of Cultural Values of East and West ñoâng y n. Oriental medicine, Sino-Vietnamese medicine ñoáng n. heap, pile, mass: ñoáng rôm stack of straw; chaát ñoáng to pile up, to heap up ñoàng 1 n. field, ricefield, prairie: ngoaøi ñoàng in the ricefields 2 n. copper, bronze, brass: baïch ñoàng white brass; thoâi ñoàng verdigris; trô nhö ñaù vöõng nhö ñoàng stable, steadfast, immovable; hôi ñoàng smell of cash, lure of profit 3 n. coin, piastre: ñoàng xu cent, penny; ñoàng haøo dime; ñoàng baïc piastre [coin or bill] 4 adj. R to be of the same [thing]; to have the same; to do together (= cuøng): baát ñoàng to be different; töông ñoàng to be similar to each other; hoäi ñoàng meeting, council, assembly ñoàng aùng n. ricefields: coâng vieäc ñoàng aùng farm work ñoàng aâm adj., n. homophonous; homophone, homonym ñoàng aáu n. child(ren): lôùp ñoàng aáu first grade alarm clock; ñoàng hoà ñeo tay wrist watch; ñoàng hoà treo töôøng wall clock; ñoàng hoà ñieän töû digital/electric clock ñoàng hoà thoâ thoâng ng minh n. Smartwatch ñoàng höông n. fellow-villager, fellow countryman ñoàng khoâng nhaø troáng n. scorched earth, plain land ñoàng lieâu n. colleague ñoàng loaõ v. to be an accomplice in ñoàng loaïi n. fellow, fellowman ñoàng loøng v., adj. to be unanimous, to be in one, to be of one mind ñoàng minh adj., n. to be in alliance; allied; alliance, league ñoàng moân n. fellow-disciple: hoäi ñoàng moân alumni association ñoàng naùt n. scrap iron ñoàng nghóa adj., n. synonymous [vôùi with]; synonym ñoàng nghieäp n. colleague, co-worker ñoàng nhaát adj. identical, the same ñoàng phaïm v. to be an accomplice in ñoàng phuïc n. uniform ñoàng queâ n. country, countryside ñoàng song n. fellow student, school mate, classmate ñoàng söï n. colleague, co-worker 79 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñoàng taâm ñoàng taâm adj. in agreement, of the same mind ñoäng vieân v., n. to mobilize [soldiers, or civilians for a job]; mobilization: toång ñoäng vieân ñoàng thanh adv. unanimously, in unison ñoàng thôøi adv., adj. at the same time [vôùi as], general mobilization ñoáp n. clapping [of hands], pop, smack [of bullet] concurrently; contemporary ñoàng tình adj., v. unanimous, agreeable; to ñoäp n. sound of a heavy thing falling on the ground, thud: rôi ñoäp moät caùi to fall with a thud ñoát 1 n. finger joint, toe joint, phalanx, section luyeán aùi homosexual love 2 v. to light, to burn, to fire, to set fire to: ñoát phaùo to fire crackers 3 v. [of insects] to sting, ñoàng trinh n. virgin to bite ñoàng töû n. pupil, apple [of one’s eye] ñoàng vaên v. to share a language or a writing ñoát chaùy v. to burn, to set blazing: ñoát chaùy röøng to set the bush aflame system ñoàng yù v. to agree [vôùi with]: baát ñoàng yù to ñoät v. R to act suddenly, abruptly, unexpectedly disagree ñoät bieán v. to change suddenly ñoång adj. [of speech] indirect, at random: chöûi ñoät khôûi v. to break out suddenly ñoång abusing at random ñoät kích v., n. to attack suddenly; surprise ñoång lyù n. cabinet director, chief, head: ñoång attack, rush attack, assault lyù vaên phoøng director of cabinet [in a minisñoät ngoät adv. suddenly, abruptly, unexpecttry]; ñoång lyù söï vuï director of affairs, service edly, by surprise chief ñoät nhaäp v. to break into, to burst into [ai preñoäng 1 v. to move, to agitate [opp. tónh static]: cedes object] haønh ñoäng to act, act; baïo ñoäng violence; ñoät nhieân adv. suddenly, unexpectedly hoaït ñoäng to be active, activity; vuï ñoäng ñoät quò quò v. to have a stroke ñaát earthquake; phaùt ñoäng to start 2 v. to ñoät xuaát v. to burst out of, to occur all of a touch, to collide 3 adj., adv. mutable, dynamic, sudden, to come out of the blue stormy; as soon as: bieån ñoäng stormy sea ñô adj. stiff: chaân cöùng ñô a stiff leg 4 n. cave, hole ñôù adj. dumbfounded, speechless ñoäng binh v., n. to mobilize; mobilization ñôø adj. motionless, indolent, lazy: lôø ñôø to be ñoäng cô n. motor, engine; motive: maùy bay indolent, sluggish, [of eyes] dreamy, drowsy; boán ñoäng cô four-engine plane cöùng ñôø stiff ñoäng côõn v. to rut ñôø ñaãn adj. stupid, unintelligent ñoäng ñaäy v. to move, to stir ñôø ngöôøi adj. stunned, dumb ñoäng ñó n. brothel ñôõ 1 v. to ward off, to parry [a blow]; to shield ñoäng hoïc n. dynamics [from a missile]; to help [by taking the burden ñoäng kinh v. to fall into an epileptic fit or onto one’s own shoulders]; to prop, to catch convulsion [ball, object]; to deliver [child]: coâ ñôõ/baø ñôõ ñoäng loøng v. to be touched with pity, to be hurt midwife; cha ñôõ ñaàu godfather; giuùp ñôõ to ñoäng löïc n. moving force, driving force help, to assist; laøm ñôõ to help [in work]; naâng ñôõ to help, to back 2 v. to decrease, to be betñoäng maïch n. artery ter, to diminish; to improve in health ñoäng phoøng n. nuptial chamber ñoäng saûn n. personal estate, chattels ñôõ ñaàn v. to help, to assist ñoäng sinh hoïc n. animal physiology ñôõ ñaàu v. to sponsor ñoäng taùc n. movement, action, work, doing ñôõ ñeû v. to assist in childbirth, to deliver a ñoäng taâm adj. affected, touched by emotion baby ñoäng thuyû hoïc n. hydraulics ñôõ lôøi v. to speak in reply to ñoäng tónh v., n. movement and rest; developñôùi n. R zone [of earth]: nhieät ñôùi torrid zone; ment haøn ñôùi frigid zone ñoäng töø n. verb ñôøi n. [SV theá] life, existence CL cuoäc; [SV ñaïi] generation, times; world; reign: maõn ñôøi/suoát ñoäng vaät n., adj. animal, animate being; zooñôøi/troïn ñôøi throughout one’s life; qua ñôøi to logical ñoäng vaät hoïc n. zoology pass away; ôû ñôøi naøy in this world; ñôøi naøy in agree ñoàng tieàn n. money ñoàng tính adj. of the same sex: ñoàng tính 80 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñuïng our days, these days; (coù) ñôøi naøo never [verb preceded by laïi]; (coù) ñôøi ñôøi adv. eternally, perpetually, forever ñôøi ngöôøi n. human life ñôøi soáng n. living, livelihood, life, existence ñôøi soáng ñaét ñoû n. high cost of living ñôïi v. to wait for: chôø ñôïi/ñôïi chôø to wait for; mong ñôïi/troâng ñôïi to expect, to hope for ñôïi thôøi v. to bide one’s time ñôm 1 v. to fill [dish with food] neatly 2 n. eel pot CL caùi ñôøm n. spittle, spit, sputum, phlegm: khaïc ñôøm to spit ñôûm See ñaûm ñôn 1 n. application: maãu ñôn application form; laøm ñôn to write an application; ñaàu/ noäp ñôn to submit an application; ñôn haøng/ hoaù ñôn invoice; ñôn thuoác doctor’s prescription [with keâ, cho to write] 2 adj. R to be single, alone; [of clothing] to be unlined, be of one layer [opp. keùp]; [of number] to be odd: coâ ñôn alone; chaên ñôn thin blanket ñôn baïc n. ingratitude ñôn ñoäc adj. alone, isolated, solitary: soáng ñôn ñoäc to live alone ñôn giaûn adj. simple, uncomplicated ñôn soá n. odd number ñôn sô adj. simple, meager, modest ñôn thaân adj. single, alone ñôn tính n. unisex, unisexual ñôn trò n. uniform: haøm soá ñôn trò uniform function ñôn töø n. application: vieát ñôn töø to write an application ñôn vò n. unit [of measurement]; administrative or military unit ñôùn heøn adj. miserable, wretched ñôøn See ñaøn ñôùp v. [of animals, insects] to snap up, to snatch, to catch ñôït n. wave, stage: ñôït soùng wave; chia ra laøm nhieàu ñôït to divide into many stages ñu v. to swing, to sway, to seesaw CL caùi, caây: ñaùnh ñu to swing ñu ñuû n. papaya CL quaû, traùi: ñu ñuû öôùp laïnh iced papaya ñuù v. to jest ñuû adj. sufficient; enough [object follows]; there is/are enough [opp. thieáu] ñuû aên adj. enough to eat, well-off ñuû duøng adj. sufficient, enough ñuû maët n. all sorts [of], everyone ñua v. to compete, to race: tröôøng ñua (ngöïa) race track; thi ñua to emulate; ñua ngöïa horse race; ngöïa ñua race horse ñua chen v. to compete ñua ñoøi v. to copy, to imitate ñuøa v. to amuse oneself: noâ ñuøa/chôi ñuøa to play, to joke, to jest ñuøa bôõn v. to joke, to jest ñuøa nghòch v. to play, to fool around ñuõa n. chopstick CL chieác for one, ñoâi for pair: ñuõa ngaø ivory chopsticks; ñuõa beáp/caû big flat chopsticks used in stirring and serving rice ñuùc v. to cast, to mold [metal]; to cast [statue]: baùnh ñuùc rice cake made of rice flour, and lime water; reøn ñuùc to produce, to create ñuïc 1 v. to chisel, to drill, to make [a hole], to perforate 2 n. chisel, carver 3 adj. turbid, muddy, troubled ñuïc chaïm v. to carve ñuïc khoeùt v. to hollow out; to extort money ñuïc ngaàu adj. cloudy, turbid, muddy, dirty [water] ñui adj. blind, sightless (= mu) ñuøi n. thigh: quaàn ñuøi shorts, knee breeches ñuõi n. silk, shantung ñuøm v. to wrap, to envelop, to cover ñuøm boïc v. to protect, to help, to assist [one’s kin] ñun 1 v. to cook, to boil, to heat: ñun nöôùc pha traø to boil water for making tea 2 v. to push, to propel: ñun xe to push a cart ñun beáp v. to light the kitchen stove, to cook ñun naáu v. to cook, to prepare meals ñuøn v. to thrust, to push back, to reject, to shift [responsibility] onto somebody: ñuøn vieäc cho ai to shift responsibility onto someone; æa ñuøn to open one’s bowels in one’s pants [said of a child] ñuïn n. pile, heap: chín ñuïn möôøi traâu very wealthy, rolling in wealth ñuùng adj., adv. right, exact, correct, precise; exactly, correctly, precisely: ba giôøi ñuùng 3 o’clock sharp; ñuùng ñöôøng right away ñuùng ñaén adj. right, correct, serious ñuùng luùc adv. on time, in time: ñeán ñuùng luùc to arrive on time ñuøng 1 adv. suddenly, unexpectedly: laên ñuøng ra cheát to die suddenly 2 ejac. Boom! Bang! ñuøng ñuøng adv. loudly, violently ñuûng ñænh v. to go slowly, leisurely ñuõng n. crotch [of trousers] ñuïng v. to collide with, to touch on, to knock 81 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñuïng chaïm against, to hurtle: Ñöøng ñuïng ñeán toâi. Don’t touch me.; chung ñuïng to have in common, to share ñuïng chaïm v. to bump against each other, to harm, to touch ñuïng ñaàu v. to run into: ñuïng ñaàu vôùi nhöõng khoù khaên to run into difficulties ñuïng ñoä v. to clash ñuoác n. torch CL ngoïn, boù ñuoâi n. tail; end: ñuoâi sam pigtail; ñaàu ñuoâi head and tail, top and bottom; theo ñuoâi to imitate, to follow; noái ñuoâi end to end, bumper to bumper ñuoâi gaø n. short pig-tail ñuoâi nheo n. sheatfish’s tail: côø ñuoâi nheo triangular banner ñuoái adj. tired, exhausted: cheát ñuoái to be drowned; yeáu ñuoái weak, feeble; ñaém ñuoái to give oneself up to, passionate; caù ñuoái rayfish ñuoåi v. to run after; to drive away, to expel, to dismiss: ñuoåi theo to chase; theo ñuoåi to pursue ñuùp v. [Fr double] to duplicate; to repeat [a grade in school] ñuïp v., adj. to patch over again; triple, three times ñuùt v. to insert; to put into; to feed: ñuùt tay vaøo tuùi quaàn to put one’s hands into the pockets of one’s trousers; ñuùt loùt/ñuùt tieàn to bribe; ñuùt nuùt chai to cork the bottle ñuït 1 n. coward, yellow, chicken 2 v. to take shelter: ñuït möa to take shelter from the rain ñöø adj. immobile, immovable: meät ñöø exhausted, worn out ñöa v. to take, to bring, to give, to hand; to lead, to guide; to see [someone] off ñöa chaân v. to direct one’s steps towards, to venture into: ñöa chaân ai ra ga to see someone off at the station ñöa daâu v. to accompany the bride [to the home of her husband] ñöa ñaø v. to push, to propel ñöa ñaùm v. to follow the funeral procession ñöa ñöôøng v. to guide, to direct, to show the way to ñöa ma v. See ñöa ñaùm ñöa maét v. to cast a glance at ñöa tình v. to ogle ñöùa n. individual, CL for children or low status adults: ñöùa beù, ñöùa treû child ñöùa ôû n. house servant ñöùc n. virtue; [honorific prefix] His Majesty, Monsignor, His Holiness: Ñöùc Khoång Töû Confucius; ñöùa Phaät Buddha; nhaân ñöùc kind, humane, generous, magnanimous; thaát ñöùc to have done a reprehensible thing Ñöùc n. Germany, German: Ñoâng Ñöùc East Germany; Quoác Xaõ Ñöùc the Nazis ñöùc duïc n. moral education, ethical instruction ñöùc ñoä adj. virtuous and tolerant ñöùc haïnh n., adj. virtue; virtuous ñöùc tính n. virtue, quality ñöïc adj. male [of all animals except chickens]: gioáng ñöïc masculine [opp. caùi] ñöùng v. to stand, to be standing; to stop: ñöùng daäy/leân to stand up; döïng ñöùng to erect; ñöùng ngoaøi to keep oneself outside ñöùng ñaén adj. serious, correct ñöùng ñaàu adv., n. to be at the head of; a leader of, chief of ñöùng giaù n. stable price ñöùng laïi intj. Stop! Halt! ñöùng tuoåi adj. middle-aged, mature ñöøng v. to restrain [emotion, tears], do not, let us not ñöïng v. to contain, to hold: ñöïng nöôùc to contain water ñöôïc adj., v. acceptable, correct, fine, O.K., all right; to obtain, to get [game, harvest muøa; permission pheùp from authority to do something]; to win [game cuoäc, battle traän] [opp. thua]; to beat, to defeat [somebody]; to be, be allowed to [first verb in series]: aên ñöôïc eatable; laøm ñöôïc feasible ñöôïc kieän v. to win one’s case [in court] ñöôïc muøa v. to have a good harvest ñöôøi öôi n. orangutan ñöôïm adj. to be imbibed with a scent ñöông v. See ñang ñöông v. to face, to resist, to oppose: ñöông ñaàu to confront, to face ñöông cuïc n. authorities CL nhaø ñöông nhieân adj., adv. evident; obviously, naturally ñöông söï n. interested party, applicant ñöông thì adj. in full youth ñöông thôøi adj. [of] the time, [at] that time ñöôøng 1 n. sugar: nöôùc ñöôøng syrup; ñöôøng maät sugar and honey 2 n. road, way, street, line: leân ñöôøng to set off, to start out; doïc ñöôøng on the way, enroute; laïc ñöôøng to be lost; laàm ñöôøng laïc loái to be astray ñöôøng caùi n. highway, main road 82 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ñöôøng ñöôøng ñöôøng ñöôøng ñöôøng eâ aåm cheùo n. diagonal cong n. curved line, curve cao toá toác n. freeway daây noù daâ noùng ng n. hotline/helpline ñoät adv. abruptly, suddenly, to his sweetheart or by husband to wife, first person pronoun being anh]; you [used to young child] em daâu n. sister-in-law em hoï n. cousin [male or female] em reå n. [one’s younger sister’s husband] unexpectedly brother-in-law ñöôøng ñôøi n. path of life ñöôøng ñöôøng adv. stately, openly, signifiem uùt n. youngest brother or sister cantly, magnificently eùm v. to cover up, to hide: eùm chuyeän ñoù ñi, khoâng neân noùi vôùi ai to cover up that story, ñöôøng giaây noùi n. telephone line, cable ñöôøng heûm n. narrow street, back street, lane do not tell anyone ñöôøng hoaøng adj. openly, in the open eùn n. swallow ñöôøng kính n. diameter eng eùc v., n. [of pig] to squeal; squeal ñöôøng naèm ngang n. horizontal eo n. waist: ño voøng eo ñöôïc bao nhieâu to measure a waist to find out the circumference ñöôøng phaân giaùc n. bisectrix, bisector ñöôøng pheøn n. sugar candy, rock sugar eo beå n. straits ñöôøng saét n. rail, railroad eo ñaát n. isthmus ñöôøng taét n. short cut eo eùo v. to scream ñöôøng thaúng n. straight line eo heïp adj. [of financial situation] scanty, too ñöôøng thaúng ñöùng n. vertical tight ñöôøng thaúng goùc n. perpendicular eo oùc n. confused noise ñöôøng tieäm caän n. asymptote eo oâi! exclam. interjection showing disgust, ñöôøng troøn n. circumference, circle surprise ñöôøng xích ñaïo n. equator eùo le adj. [of situation] tricky, full of surprises, awkward ñöùt v. [of string, thread, wire, rope] to be broeûo laû adj. weak, thin, feeble ken, [of skin] to be cut: caét ñöùt to cut or snap off eõo ôït adj. in an effected voice: aên noùi eõo ôït to ñöùt hôi adj. out of breath, exhausted: meät ñöùt speak in an effected voice hôi exhausted, tired eùp v. to squeeze, to press, to extract, to press ñöùt quaõng adj. interruptive: ngöôøi noùi ñöùt out [oil, wine, etc.]; to force: eùp cam to quaõng interruptive speaker squeeze an orange; eùp ai laøm vieäc gì to force ñöùt ruoät adj. deeply pained: tieác ñöùt ruoät to someone to do something regret with deep pain eùp duyeân v. to force a woman to marry against her will eùp naøi v. to insist, to urge someone to do something e v. to be afraid; to fear eùp uoång v. to force, to compel e deø adj. circumspect, cautious eïp adj. crushed, flattened e leä adj. shy eùt n. [Fr. aide-chaufleur] driver’s assistant e ngaïi v. to hesitate EÙt Toâ Ni n. Estonia, Estonian e raèng v. to fear eùt xaêng n. [Fr. essence] petrol, gasoline; caây (eùt) xaêng, traïm (eùt) xaêng petrol station, gaseø coå v. to bear a heavy load, to have to pay: eø coå ra maø traû nôï to have to pay debts oline pump; thuøng eùt xaêng jerry can; gasoline eùc eùc v. [of pig] to squeal drum; gas tank [in car] em 1 n. younger sibling: em trai younger brother CL thaèng, caäu, ngöôøi, oâng; em gaùi younger sister CL con, coâ, ngöôøi, baø 2 pron. I, me [used by younger sibling to elder brother or eâ 1 exclam. Hey! 2 adj. numb, sore, aching 3 v. elder sister, second person pronoun being anh to be ashamed, to feel ashamed or chò respectively]; you [used by elder brother eâ a v. to make noises loudly and unceasingly or elder sister to younger sibling, first person [as a child studying a primer aloud] pronoun being anh]; you [used by young man eâ aåm adj. tired, exhausted: ñau eâ aåm a dull pain E E 83 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH eâ cheà gaø môø adj. dim, obscure: maét gaø môø dim- eâ cheà adj. [of pain] overwhelmed by anguish eâ heà adj. abundant, too much: thöùc aên eâ heà sighted too much food eá adj. to have no customer, in little demand, quiet: eá haøng could not sell; eá vôï [of man] to have trouble getting a wife; eá choàng [of woman] to have trouble finding someone to marry eách n. frog: eách nhaùi frog and tadpole eâm adj. [of music, voice] soft, [of weather] calm, [of seat, cushion] to be soft; eâm nhö ru sweet eâm aû adj. quiet, peaceful, calm: moät ngaøy eâm aû a peaceful day eâm aùi adj. soft, tender, sweet; melodious eâm aám adj. peaceful, tranquil, calm eâm dòu adj. sweet, gentle: lôøi noùi eâm dòu sweet words eâm ñeàm adj. quiet and gentle eâm giaác v., adj. to sleep soundly; sleeping well eâm ru adj. very mild, very soft; smooth-sailing, quiet eâm tai adj. pleasing to the ear, melodious: tieáng nhaïc nghe eâm tai a melodious song eâm thaám adj., adv. amicable, peaceful; amicably eám v. to bring bad luck by one’s presence; to exorcize: eám ma quyû to exorcize evil spirits eâu intj. Bloody bad! Phew! eâu oâi exclam. Phew! gaø gaø gaø gaø gaø gaø gaû gaõ gaï noøi n. pure bred cock röøng n. wood grouse, grouse soáng n. rooster taây n. turkey thieán n. capon troáng n. rooster v. to give [one’s daughter] in marriage n. individual, block, chap, young man v. to court, to woo, to seduce [a young girl]; to coax, to wheedle, to cajole, to persuade gaï chuyeän v. to try to approach someone gaï gaãm v. to make approaches to, to persuade someone gaùc 1 n. upper floor: thang gaùc staircase; treân gaùc upstairs 2 v. to put, to place, to set on: gaùc chaân leân baøn to put one’s legs on the table 3 v. [Fr. garde] to keep, to guard: lính gaùc watchman; gaùc cöûa to keep the door; ngöôøi gaùc cöûa door-keeper; canh gaùc mounted guards gaùc beáp n. kitchen shelf gaùc boû v. to set aside: gaùc boû ngoaøi tai to not listen, to pay no attention to gaùc buùt v. to put away one’s pen, to stop writing gaùc chuoâng n. bell-tower, belfry: gaùc chuoâng nhaø thôø a church bell-tower gaùc thöôïng n. upper story, top floor gaùc xeùp n. garret, loft, small floor gaïc 1 n. antlers [of deer] 2 v. to cross out: gaïc teân trong danh saùch to cross out the name on the list ga 1 n. [Fr. gas] accelerator: daän ga to step on the accelerator; taêng ga leân to step hard on gaïch 1 n. brick: nhaø gaïch brick house; laùt gaïch to pave [with bricks or tiles]; loø gaïch the accelerator 2 n. [Fr. gare] railroad station, bus station: nhaø ga railway station; xeáp ga brick kiln 2 v. to draw [a line]; to cross out: gaïch moät ñöôøng to draw a line station master ga-la n. gala gaïch cua n. red-yellow fat inside the shell of ga-laêêng ga-la ng adj. gallant a crab ga ra n. garage gaïch döôùi v. to underline: gaïch döôùi nhöõng töø quan troïng to underline the important words ga-raêêng-ti ga-ra ng-ti n. guarantee gaù v. to harbor [gamblers]: gaù baïc to run a gaïch men n. tile: loùt gaïch men saøn nhaø to gambling den lay floor tiles gaø 1 n. [SV keâ] chicken, fowl CL con: tröùng gaø gaïch noái n. hyphen (-) egg; cuoäc choïi gaø cock fight; chuoàng gaø fowl gai 1 n. thorn: choâng gai thorns and spikes; house, hen house; loàng gaø chicken coop 2 v. gai oác goose pimples; daây theùp gai barbed to give advice on, to assist someone wire 2 n. hemp: daây gai hemp string gaø choïi n. fighting cock gai goác adj., n. difficult; obstacle, hurdle gaø con n. chick gai maét adj. bad-looking, shocking to the eyes gaø gioø n. chicken gaùi n. girl; female [as opp. to male giai/trai]: gaø goâ n. young partridge meâ gaùi to be madly in love with a girl; giai/ trai gaùi boy and girl, man and woman, male gaø maùi n. biddy, hen G 84 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH gaén and female; to fool around with women; nhaø gaùi the bride’s family; em gaùi younger sister; con gaùi daughter; younger girl; chaùu gaùi granddaughter; niece gaùi ñieám n. prostitute, street walker gaùi giang hoà n. prostitute, street walker, whore gaùi goaù n. widow gaùi nhaûy n. taxi-dancer, dancing girl gaøi v. to bolt, to button, to pin, to fasten: gaøi cuùc/gaøi khuy/gaøi nuùt to button up gaõi v. to scratch: gaõi ñaàu gaõi tai to scratch one’s ears; gaõi vaøo choã ngöùa to touch the right chord gam n. [Fr. gramme] gram gan 1 n. [SV can] liver CL buoàng, laù 2 v. to be courageous, to be brave, to be tough: beàn gan to keep patient; nhaùt gan timid, shy, cowardly; caû gan audacious, bold; non gan chickenhearted 3 n. sole [of foot], palm [of hand]: gan baøn tay palm of the hand gan goùc adj. fearless, intrepid gan lì adj. calm and relaxed gaùn v. to pawn, to attribute, to pledge: gaùn cho ai loãi laàm to attribute mistakes to someone gaùn gheùp v. to force to take, to allot arbitrarily gaøn 1 v. to dissuade; to block, to prevent 2 adj. crazy, cracked, dotty; silly, stupid: gaøn dôû foolish, eccentric gaïn v. to decant, to purify: gaïn nöôùc cho saïch to decant water gaïn hoûi v. to press with questions, to interrogate thoroughly gang 1 n. span [measure]: gang tay space between the ends of the thumb and the middle finger when extended; gang taác short period 2 n. cast iron: gang theùp iron ganh v. to compete: ganh nhau laøm vieäc to compete in work ganh ñua v. to vie, to compete ganh tò v. to envy, to be jealous of: ganh tò nhau nhöõng chuyeän nhoû nhaët to envy each other in small things gaùnh v., n. to carry with a pole and tow containers; to shoulder, to take charge; pole load: gaùnh nöôùc to carry water; ñoøn gaùnh carrying pole; gaùnh vaùc to shoulder a responsibility gaùnh haùt n. troupe, theatrical company gaùnh naëng n. burden, load: gaùnh naëng gia ñình family burden gaùo n. dipper: gaùo döøa dipper made of coconut shell gaøo v. to scream, to roar, to howl, to cry, to shout: keâu gaøo hoøa bình to clamor for peace gaïo 1 n. raw rice [cf. côm, luùa, thoùc]: côm gaïo rice, food; giaõ gaïo to pound rice; vo gaïo to wash rice; xay gaïo to husk rice; kieám gaïo to earn one’s living 2 n. kapok, bombax 3 v. to grind; to learn by heart: gaïo baøi ñeå ñi thi to learn by heart for examinations gaïo caåm n. black glutinous rice gaïo chieâm n. summer rice gaïo muøa n. autumn rice gaïo neáp n. glutinous rice gaïo teû n. ordinary, non-glutinous rice gaït 1 v. to level off, to scrape off; to reject, to brush aside; to ward off [blow] 2 v. to trick, to cheat, to deceive: gaït ngöôøi naøo ñeå laáy tieàn to cheat someone by taking his money; löôøng gaït to deceive 3 v. to elbow, to push aside: gaït ñaùm ñoâng ñeå ñi to elbow one’s way through a crowd gaït boû v. to refuse, to eliminate: gaït boû yù kieán cuûa ai to reject someone’s ideas gaït leä v. to brush away one’s tears gaït nôï v. to give something as payment of one’s debt gaït nöôùc maét v. See gaït leä gaøu n. scoop, bailer, pail for drawing water gaøu dai n. bucket with long ropes, operated by two people gaøu soøng n. bucket with a long handle, hung from a tripod and operated by one person gay adj. very red; tense: ñoû gay rubicund; tình hình gay laém a tense situation gay caán adj. knotty, thorny, dangerous gay gaét adj. bad-tempered, complaining gay go adj. [of situation] tense, hard, [of fight] fierce gaùy 1 n. nape; scruff of the neck; back [of book]: laøm rôïn toùc gaùy to make one’s hair stand on end 2 v. to crow: luùc gaø gaùy at cockcrow gaûy v. to pluck, to play: gaûy ñaøn taây ban caàm to play a guitar gaõy v. to be broken; to break, to snap: beû gaõy to break; gaõy chaân to break one’s leg gaõy goïn adj. [of speech] concise, neat gaêm v., n. to pin, to point; pin, prick: gaêm maáy tôø giaáy naày laïi to pin these papers gaëm v. to gnaw, to nibble gaén v. to glue, to joint [broken pieces], to install, to fix: gaén quaït ñieän to install an electric fan; gaén xi to seal [up] with sealing wax; gaén boù to be attached to 85 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH gaêng gaêng 1 adj. tense, tight, taut 2 n. [Fr. gant] glove, CL chieác for one, ñoâi for a pair: ñeo gaêng tay to wear gloves; boû/thaùo gaêng tay to take off gloves gaéng v. to make efforts: coá gaéng to try one’s best gaéng coâng v. to do one’s best gaéng göôïng v., adj. to act unwillingly; against one’s wishes gaéng söùc v. to work hard, to do one’s best gaép 1 v. to pick up with chopsticks: gaép thöùc aên to pick up food 2 n. skewer: gaép caù a skewer of fish gaép thaêm v. to draw lots gaëp v. to meet, to encounter; to see, to run across gaëp dòp v. to have a favorable occasion, to be fortunate gaëp gôõ n., v. unexpected meeting; to meet, to encounter gaëp maët v. to be reunited, to meet gaëp nhau v. to meet one another gaëp phaûi v. to meet with: gaëp phaûi khoù khaên to meet with difficulties gaëp thôøi v. to have a good opportunity, to meet with good fortune gaét adj., v. strong, violent, harsh, biting; to grumble [at], to scold, to chide gaét gao adj. keen, desperate, intense gaét goûng adj., v. grouchy; to be in a temper; to lose one’s temper gaët v. to reap, to harvest: gaët haùi to harvest; vuï gaët harvest; thôï gaët reaper gaám n. brocade and satin: gaám voùc brocade and glossy flowered satin/silk gaàm 1 v. to bow one’s head in shame or anger 2 n. space underneath [table, bed]; underpass: döôùi gaàm trôøi naøy in this world; döôùi gaàm baøn underneath a table gaàm theùt v. to bawl gaäm v. [of rodents] to gnaw gaân n. nerve; tendon; sinew; vein [as seen from outside]: gaân xanh nervure; laáy gaân to flex one’s muscles; heát gaân to be worn out gaân coå v. to harden the neck: gaân coå caõi to disapprove obstinately gaân guoác adj. sinewy; rugged: maët gaân guoác rugged face gaàn adj., adv. near, close; about to [precedes main verb]; nearly, almost: gaàn ñaây not far from here; recently; hoï gaàn near relation, close relative; gaàn ñoù thereabouts gaàn guõi adv. side by side, alongside gaàn xa adv. everywhere, every place, far and wide: gaàn xa ñeàu bieát tieáng to be known everywhere gaáp 1 v. to fold, to close [a book]: gaáp saùch laïi to close the book 2 adj. urgent; in a hurry: gôûi moät laù thö gaáp to send an urgent letter gaáp boäi adj. manifold, multiple gaáp ñoâi/hai adj. double: saõn phaåm taêng gaáp ñoâi production has doubled gaáp ruùt adj. very urgent, pressing gaäp v. See gaëp gaäp gheành adj. uneven, broken, rough, bumpy: ñöôøng gaäp gheành rough road gaät v. to nod: gaät ñaàu chaøo to greet someone with a nod; nguû gaät to fall asleep while sitting or standing gaät gaø gaät guø v. See gaät guø gaät guø v. to nod repeatedly gaâu gaâu n. the barking of a dog, bow-wow gaáu 1 n. bear: aên nhö gaáu to eat gluttonously; hoãn nhö gaáu very impolite 2 n. hem, fringe [of dress]: gaáu quaàn cuffs of trousers gaàu n. dandruff, scurf gaãu adj. idle, aimless: noùi chuyeän gaãu to chat idly gaây 1 v. to bring about, to cause, to provoke: gaây ra chieán tranh to provoke a war 2 v. to quarrel gaây chieán v. to provoke a war gaây chuyeän v. to cause a quarrel gaây döïng v. to create, to constitute, to establish, to set up gaây gaõy v. to feel feverish gaây gioáng v. to crossbreed gaây goã v. to pick a quarrel gaây haán v. to incite wars, to provoke hostilities gaây loaïn v. to incite a rebellion gaây meâ v. to anesthetize gaây oaùn v. to create enemies gaây söï v. to try to pick a quarrel gaây thuø v. to create enemies gaày adj. (= oám) thin, skinny, emaciated, lean, gaunt [opp. beùo, maäp] gaày coøm adj. very thin gaày goø adj. thin, skinny gaày moøn v., adj. growing thinner, losing flesh, weakened, enfeebled gaày nhom adj. skin and bones, gaunt, emaciated gaåy v. See gaûy gaãy v. See gaõy gaäy n. stick, cane: choáng gaäy to lean on a cane gaäy goäc n. sticks 86 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ghe n. (= thuyeàn) junk, sampan, bark, craft, gia ñinh boat [CL chieác] ghe chaøi n. junk, fishing junk gheù v. to stop at; to come close, to call at, to drop in: gheù thaêm baïn to call at a friend’s place; gheù tai ai to lean one’s ear towards gheù maét v. to have a look at, to glue one’s eyes to gheù vai v. to share one’s responsibility gheø v. to break, to crush, to strike, to hit gheû 1 n. itch, scabies: caùi gheû acarid 2 adj. to be cold, indifferent: gheû laïnh indifferent; dì gheû, meï gheû step-mother gheû laïnh adj. indifferent gheû lôû n. itch, scabies gheï n., v. at the expense of; to sponge something: aên gheï to sponge on; ñi gheï xe to get a ride with somebody gheùm n. salad, mixed [raw] vegetables: aên gheùm rau to eat mixed vegetables ghen v., adj. jealous; envious: maùu ghen jealousy ghen gheùt v. to be jealous, to covet; to hate ghen tuoâng v. to be jealous in love gheïo v. to tease; to bother: gheïo gaùi to flirt with girls gheùp v. to assemble, to join, to unite; to graft: gheùp caùc chöõ caùi ñeå thaønh moät töø to join letters to make a word; gheùp hai caây hoàng to graft two roses gheùt 1 n. dirt, filth [rubbed off body or skin] 2 v. to detest, to hate: yeâu cho voït, gheùt cho chôi to spare the rod and spoil the child gheùt boû v. to abandon because of hate gheùt cay gheùt ñaéng v. to hate someone’s guts gheâ v., adv. to be horrified [so as to tremble], to shiver, to shudder, to have one’s teeth on edge, to be horrible, terrible; terribly gheâ ghôùm adj. frightful, awful, formidable gheâ ngöôøi adj. frightful, awful gheâ raêng v. to set the teeth on edge gheâ sôï adj. terrific, awful, terrible, horrible gheâ tôûm adj. sickening, disgusting, nauseous, repulsive gheá 1 n. chair, seat, bench: gheá xeáp folding chair 2 v. to stir [boiled rice in pot] with chopsticks before lowering the fire and putting the lid on gheá baønh n. armchair, easy chair gheá daøi n. bench, seat gheá döïa n. chair with a back gheá ñaåu n. stool, high chair gheá ngöïa n. wooden bed [made of two or four boards resting on trestles] gheá tröôøng kyû n. wooden sofa, couch gheá xích ñu n. rocking chair, swing gheách v. to lean on, to lean against, to rest on gheách chaân v. to set, to put one’s feet up on an object gheành n. fall, waterfall, cataract: leân thaùc xuoáng gheành up hill and down dale ghi 1 v. to record, to note, to write down: ghi teân to register one’s name, to enlist; ghi loøng taïc daï to remember [favor] for ever; ñaùng ghi nhôù noteworthy 2 n. [Fr. aiguille] switch on railroad: beû ghi to shunt, to switch off [rail]; phu beû ghi pointsman ghi cheùp v. to note, to make a note of some- thing; to inscribe, to write down: ghi cheùp baøi hoïc to write down a lesson ghi nhaän v. to acknowledge [receipt of something] ghi nhôù v. to remember: ghi nhôù soá ñieän thoaïi cuûa ai to remember someone’s telephone number ghi teân v. to put one’s name down, to sign up, to register ghì v. to hold tight, to tighten: oâm ghì to clasp, to embrace; troùi ghì to tie up ghim n., v. pin; to pin ghim baêng n. safety pin gì n., pron. (= chi) What?; anything, everything, something: Caùi gì?, Nhöõng gì? What?; khoâng caàn gì? it doesn’t matter; heøn gì no wonder; Gì baèng Wouldn’t it be better to ...? gia 1 n. R house, household, home, family (= nhaø): quoác gia state, nation; ñaïi gia great family; nhaïc gia in-laws 2 n. R -ist, -er, -ian, as a suffix: chính trò gia statesman, politician; khoa hoïc gia scientist; tieåu thuyeát gia novelist; noâng gia farmer 3 v. R to increase (= theâm): taêng gia to increase gia aân v. to grant a favor gia baûo n. family treasure gia bieán n. family disaster gia boäc n. servant gia caûnh n. family situation gia caàm n. domestic birds, pets gia chaùnh n. home economics, cooking gia chuû n. head of family gia cö n. habitation, dwelling, abode gia dó adv. moreover, besides, furthermore gia duïng n. family use, appliances gia ñinh n. servant, attendant 87 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH gia ñình gia ñình n. family, home: voâ gia ñình home- less; coù gia ñình to have a family [wife and children] gia giaûm v. to increase and decrease, to make necessary adjustments gia giaùo n. family education gia haïn v. to extend [a period], to renew: gia haïn hôïp ñoàng to renew a contract gia höông n. native village gia leã n. family rites Gia Naõ Ñaïi n. Canada: ngöôøi Gia Naõ Ñaïi Canadian gia nhaân n. servants: ñoái xöû töû teá vôùi gia nhaân to treat servants well gia nhaäp v. to enter, to participate in, to join: gia nhaäp quaân ñoäi to join the army gia phaû n. family register, family tree, family history gia phong n. family tradition gia quyeán n. family, relatives, dependents gia saûn n. family inheritance gia suùc n. domestic animals, pets gia taøi n. family inheritance, family property gia taêng v. to increase: gia taêng daân soá to increase the population gia thanh n. the family reputation gia thaát n. family, household: thaønh gia thaát to get married gia theá n. genealogy, family situation gia tieân n. ancestors, forefathers: laøm leã gia tieân trong leã cöôùi praying to ancestors on a wedding day gia toác v. to speed up, to accelerate gia toäc n. family, tribe, household gia troïng v. to add weight [as evidence] [opp. giaûm khinh]: tröôøng hôïp gia troïng aggravating circumstances gia truyeàn adj. hereditary gia tröôûng n. head, chief of the family gia tö n. family property gia vò n. spice, seasoning, condiment giaù 1 v., n. to cost; cost, price, value: baùn ñaáu giaù auction; baùn haï giaù discount sale; taêng giaù to raise the price; haï giaù, giaûm giaù to reduce the price; ñaùnh giaù to value, to estimate; danh giaù reputation, honor, fame; ñaùng giaù valuable; voâ giaù priceless, invaluable 2 n. bean sprouts, green shoots from peas 3 n. shelf, easel, support: giaù saùch book case 4 conj. if, suppose 5 adj. cold, freezing giaù aùo n. coat rack, portmanteau giaù baùn n. selling price giaù giaù giaù giaù bieåu n. price list, price schedule buoân n. purchase price, wholesale price buoát adj. bitter, biting cold caû n. price, cost: giaù caû thò tröôøng market price giaù duï v., adv. to suppose, let’s presume that; for example giaù laïnh n. a biting cold giaù mua n. purchase price giaù muïc n. price list giaù saùch n. bookshelves, bookcases giaù theå adv. if, for example giaù thuù n. marriage certificate: kyù giaáy giaù thuù to sign a marriage certificate thöû adv. if, for example tieàn n. price, cost, worth, value trò n. value, worth: coù giaù trò to be valuable adj., v. [SV laõo] old, aged; to grow old, to get old, to become old, to age; to be skilled [opp. treû]; [of texture, food] tough [opp. non] giaø caû adj. very old giaøø deâ gia deâ n. a dirty old man giaø caâng adj. very old giaø giaën adj. experienced, skilled, mature giaø nua adj. old, aged giaø yeáu adj. old and weak giaû 1 adj. fake, simulated, feigned, pretentious, sham; false, counterfeit: baïc giaû [opp. thaät, thöïc] counterfeit money; laøm giaû to counterfeit, to falsify 2 n. R he who, that which, a person, -er, or as suffix: taùc giaû author, writer; söù giaû envoy, ambassador; tröôûng giaû the bourgeoisie, the middle class; dieãn giaû speaker; hoïc giaû scholar; thính giaû listener 3 v. (= traû) to give back, to pay [back]; (= hoaøn) to return, to refund: traû/giaû laïi to give the change giaû boä v. to sham, to pretend giaû caùch v. to simulate, to sham giaû caày n. pork stew giaû daïng v. to disguise oneself [laøm as] giaû danh v. to pose as, to call oneself giaû doái v., adj. to be false, deceitful; fake, hypocritical: aên noùi giaû doái to lie, to tell a lie giaû ñoø v. to pretend, to make believe giaû hieäu adj. feigned, false, sham giaû laïi v. to answer, to return; to refund giaû maïo v. to forge, fake, counterfeit: giaû maïo taøi lieäu to fake documents giaû nhö v. to suppose that giaû söû v. See giaû nhö giaû taûng v. to sham, to pretend giaù giaù giaù giaø 88 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH giaùm ñoác giaû thieát v. to suppose giaû thuyeát n. hypothesis giaû trang v. to disguise oneself giaû vôø v. to pretend, to make believe: giaû vôø giaûi giaûi giaûi giaûi giaûi ñau to pretend to be sick giaõ 1 v. to pound [rice, etc.] with a pestle (= ñaâm); to beat [slang]: giaõ gaïo to pound ñoäc v. to be antidotal giaùp v. to disarm giôùi v. to disarm hoaø v. to make peace, to reconcile khaùt v. to quench thirst: ñoà giaûi khaùt refreshments, drinks rice 2 v. to neutralize: thuoác giaõ ñoäc antidote, counter poison giaõ ôn v. to thank, to show one’s gratitude giaõ töø v. to take leave of, to say goodbye giaùc 1 n. R horn (= söøng): teâ giaùc rhinoceros 2 n. R angle (= goùc): hình tam giaùc triangle; triangular; löôïng giaùc hoïc trigonometry 3 n. R dime (= haøo, caéc) 4 v. to cup: oáng giaùc cupping glass giaùc moâ n. cornea giaùc ngoä v. to awaken, to realize giaùc quan n. organ of sense: naêm giaùc quan the five sense organs: khöùu giaùc smelling; thò giaùc eyesight; thính giaùc hearing; vò giaùc taste; xuùc giaùc touch giaùc thö n. memorandum, diplomatic note giai n. (= trai) boy; male [as opp. to female gaùi]: con giai son, young boy; em giai younger brother; baïn giai boyfriend; nhaø giai the bridegroom’s family; chaùu giai grandson, nephew; ñeïp giai handsome giai caáp n. [social] class, caste: ñaáu tranh giai caáp class struggle giai ñieäu n. melody giai ñoaïn n. period, phase, stage giai laõo v. to grow old together [as husband and wife]: baùch nieân giai laõo to live together for a hundred years giai nhaân n. beautiful lady, exquisite woman giai phaåm n. special literary magazine giai thoaïi n. beautiful story, anecdote giaûi 1 v. R to untie, to unfasten (= côûi); R to solve, to disentangle: giaûi ñaùp to answer, to reply; giaûi nghóa to explain 2 v. to deliver, to hand [a criminal, prisoner] over to officials; to transport [a criminal] under guard 3 v. to spread, to lay out: giaõi khaên baøn to lay out a table cloth 4 n. prize, award: giaûi nhaát first prize giaûi binh v. to disarm, to demobilize giaûi buoàn v. to relieve the tedium, to break the monotony giaûi cöùu v. to save, to rescue: giaûi cöùu naïn nhaân baõo luït to rescue flood victims giaûi ñaùp v. to answer, to solve: giaûi ñaùp thaéc maéc to answer enquiries giaûi khuaây v. to alleviate, to allay one’s sorrow giaûi lao v. to have a break, to take a rest: giôø giaûi lao break time, coffee break giaûi muoän v. See giaûi buoàn giaûi ngheä v. to retire, to leave one’s profession giaûi nghóa v. to explain giaûi nguõ v. to be discharged from the army giaûi nhieät n. febrifugal, heat-relieving giaûi oan v. to clear [oneself or someone] of an unjust charge giaûi phaùp n. solution [to a problem] giaûi phaãu v., n. to dissect; to have an operation; surgery giaûi phoùng v. to emancipate, to liberate giaûi quaùn quaân n. championship giaûi quyeát v. to solve [a difficulty] giaûi saàu v. See giaûi buoàn giaûi taùn v. to dissolve [a body], to adjourn; to break up, to scatter giaûi thích v. to explain, to interpret giaûi thoaùt v. to rid oneself, to liberate, to release, to free giaûi thuyeát v. to explain, to interpret giaûi tích v., adj. analyzing; analytic giaûi trí v. to have a distraction, to take recreation, to relax, to entertain giaûi vaây v. to break a blockade, to raise a siege giaõi v. to manifest, to show, to expose giaõi baøy v. to convey one’s thought/feeling: giaõi baøy taâm söï to reveal one’s heart/feelings giaõi toû v. to manifest, to show giam v. to detain, to confine, to imprison: nhaø giam prison, jail; traïi giam concentration camp; bò giam imprisoned giam caàm v. to detain, to imprison giam haõm v. to detain, to restrain, to lock up, to confine giam loûng v. to put under house arrest, to prevent from going outside/over the limit giaùm v. R to supervise, to directly examine, to control giaùm ñònh vieân n. expert, inspector giaùm ñoác n. director, supervisor: ban giaùm 89 ñoác board of directors; phoù giaùm ñoác vice director VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH giaùm hoïc giaùm hoïc n. vice principal [of high school], director of courses giaùm hoä n. guardian giaùm khaûo n. examiner: hoäi ñoàng giaùm khaûo examiners council giaùm muïc n. bishop: toång giaùm muïc archbishop giaùm saùt v. to control, to inspect: uyû hoäi giaùm saùt ñình chieán armistice control commission giaùm thò n. overseer, proctor, invigilator giaûm v. to decrease, to reduce, to diminish [opp. taêng]: giaûm giaù to reduce price giaûm bôùt v. to reduce, to discount: giaûm bôùt 10% to discount 10% giaûm khinh v. to lighten [burden, punishment] [opp. gia troïng]: tröôøng hôïp giaûm khinh extenuating or palliating circumstances giaûm thieåu v. to decrease, to reduce, to lessen giaûm thoï v. to shorten life gian 1 adj. [opp. ngay] dishonest, deceitful, fraudulent, cheating, tricky, crooked: boïn gian villains; aên gian to cheat; Vieät gian traitor [Vietnamese] 2 n. apartment, compartment, room, house; R interval (= khoaûng), space: khoâng gian space gian aùc adj. dishonest and wicked gian daâm adj. adulterous gian doái adj. tricky, deceitful, false gian giaûo adj. cheating, shifty gian haøng n. stall, stand: ñi ñeán gian haøng baùn quaàn aùo to go to the clothing stalls gian hieåm adj. crafty, artful, wily, sneaky, treacherous gian huøng n. scoundrel gian khoå adj., n. hard; hardship, adversity gian lao adj., n. hard; hardship, adversity gian laän v. to trick, to cheat [at an exam] gian nan adj. difficult, laborious, troubled, hard gian nguy adj. dangerous, perilous gian nònh n. wily flatterer gian phi n. malefactor, evildoer gian phu n. adulterer gian phuï n. adulteress, loose woman gian taø adj. pernicious, perfidious gian taëc n. brigand, bandit gian tham adj. covetous, dishonest, greedy gian thaàn n. traitor [among mandarins] gian traù adj. cheating, false, crooked gian truaân n. adversity, trial, hard life giaùn n. cockroach: thuoác tröø giaùn cockroach killer giaùn ñieäp n. spy [CL teân, tay]; espionage: phaûn giaùn ñieäp counter spy; counter espionage giaùn ñoaïn v. to interrupt giaùn hoaëc adv. in the event, in case giaùn thu adj. [taxes] indirect [as opp. to tröïc thu direct] giaùn tieáp adv., adj. indirectly; indirect: thueá giaùn tieáp indirect tax giaøn n. arbor, rack, scaffold, trellis, pergola giaøn giuïa adj. bathed in tears giaûn dò adj. simple, easy: soáng moät ñôøi soáng giaûn dò to live a simple life giaûn dò hoùa v. to simplify: giaûn dò hoaù thuû tuïc haønh chaùnh to simplify administrative procedures giaûn ñoà n. diagram giaûn ñôn adj. simple, uncomplicated giaûn löôïc n. summary, brief, abstract, synopsis giaûn minh v. to be concise giaûn tieän adj. practical, convenient giaûn öôùc v. to be concise, simple, compact giaûn yeáu adj. essential, elementary, concise: töø ñieån giaûn yeáu concise dictionary giaõn v. to slacken, to relax, to become distended, to stretch [opp. co] giang 1 n. R [large] river (= soâng); R in names of rivers: Cöûu long giang the Mekong River; Döông Töû giang the Yangtze river; quaù giang to cross the river; to get a lift 2 n. a kind of bamboo with tough fibers used to make ropes giang hoà adj., n. errant; adventure: khaùch giang hoà adventurer; gaùi giang hoà prostitute, whore, harlot, street walker giang khaåu n. mouth of a river giang sôn n. rivers and mountains; country, homeland, fatherland; burden of responsibility in family giaùng 1 v. R to demote, to lower; to descend 2 v. to give a hiding giaùng caáp v. to demote giaùng chæ v. [of emperor] to publish an edict giaùng chieáu v. See giaùng chæ giaùng chöùc v. to demote giaùng haï v. to descend giaùng sinh v. to be born: leã (Thieân Chuùa) Giaùng Sinh Christmas; ñeâm Giaùng Sinh Christmas Eve; caây Giaùng Sinh Christmas tree giaùng theá v. to come into the world giaûng v. to explain, to teach, to preach: giaûng 90 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH giaûi to explain; dieãn giaûng to lecture; giaûng baøi hoïc to explain a lesson giaûng daïy v. to teach: giaûng daïy tieáng Anh giaùo ñieàu giao keøo n. contract: kyù/laøm giao keøo to sign a contract to teach English giao keát v. to establish relations giao löu v. to exchange relations [trade, cul- auditorium giao ngaân v. to hand money to giao phoù v. to trust, to entrust, to assign giao teá n., v. public relations; to receive giaûng ñaïo v. to preach a religion giaûng ñeà n. topic, subject [of lecture] giaûng ñöôøng n. amphitheater, lecture room, ture] guests, to entertain guests: Sôû Giao teá Public Relations Office giao thieäp v. to deal with, to contact with, to socialize: giao thieäp vôùi baïn beø cuøng sôû to socialize with colleagues giao thoâng v., n. to communicate; communication [roads, railroads]; transportation: phöông laboratory, university] tieän giao thoâng means of communication; giaûng nghieäm vieân n. assistant [in laboratory, giao thoâng coâng coäng public transportation giao thôøi n. transition period, turning point university] giaûng sö n. assistant professor [in university] giao thöøa n. the transition hour between the Cf. giaùo sö, giaûng vieân old year and the new year; New Year’s Eve giaûng taäp v. to teach, to drill giao tieáp v. to be in contact, to have relations giaûng vieân n. lecturer with, to communicate gianh n. (= tranh) thatch: maùi gianh thatched giao öôùc v. to promise, to pledge oneself [to] giaùo 1 n. lance, long-handled spear CL ngoïn, roof giaønh 1 v. to secure, to win: giaønh ñöôïc giaûi caây 2 v., n. R to teach, to instruct; R doctrine, nhaát to win the first prize 2 n. basket [for religion, cult: nhaø gia giaùo good family; fruit] oâng giaùo/thaày giaùo teacher; tam giaùo the giaønh giaät v. to scramble for, to dispute three traditional religions, e.g. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism; AÁn ñoä giaùo Hinduism; giao v. to entrust [cho to], to deliver [object, Cô ñoác giaùo Christianity, Protestantism; Do merchandise]; to assign: giao vieäc cho ai to assign someone to do something thaùi giaùo Judaism; Gia toâ giaùo Catholicism; giao caûm adj. sympathetic [nerve] Khoång giaùo Confucianism; Laõo giaùo Taoism; giao caáu v. to have sexual intercourse Phaät giaùo Buddhism; Thieân chuùa giaùo giao chieán v. to be engaged in fighting Christianity, Catholicism; nhaø truyeàn giaùo giao dòch v. to trade, to communicate missionary giao du v. to contact frequently with, to be giaùo aùn n. teaching plan, syllabus giaùo chuû n. prelate, cardinal: Hoàng y giaùo friends with, to accompany giao ñieåm n. point of intersection chuû Cardinal giao haûo v. to have a good relation, to contact giaùo cuï n. teaching aids giaùo daân n. the Catholic followers/believers someone friendly; to have amicable relations with giaùo duïc n., v. education; to educate: coù giaùo giao heïn v. to agree; to promise conditionally duïc well-educated, well-bred; voâ giaùo duïc ill-bred; Boä Quoác gia Giaùo duïc Ministry/ giao hoaùn v. to exchange [culture, prisonersof-war, etc.] Department of National Education; Boä tröôûng giao hoaøn v. to return, to give back: giao Giaùo duïc Minister of Education, Secretary of State for National Education; giaùo duïc caên hoaøn chieác xe naày cho chuû cuõ to return this baûn fundamental education; bình daân giaùo car to the former owner giao hôïp v. to have sexual intercourse duïc mass education; giaùo duïc con caùi to edugiao höôûng n. symphony: daøn nhaïc giao cate children höôûng a symphony orchestra giaùo ñaàu v., n. to begin, to start; preliminary, giao höõu n. friendship: traän ñaáu giao höõu preface, prologue friendship match giaùo ñieàu n. dogma, commandment giaûng giaûi v. to explain, to expound giaûng hoaø v. to make peace, to conciliate giaûng khoa n. subject, course of study giaûng kinh v. to comment on the classics giaûng luaän v. to dissert, to expound giaûng nghóa v. to explain, to interpret giaûng nghieäm tröôûng n. senior assistant [in 91 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH giaùo ñình giaùo ñình n. papal court giaùo ñoà n. disciple, follower, believer giaùo ñöôøng n. place of worship; church giaùo giôùi n. educational world; teachers [as a group] giaùo hoaù v. to educate, to civilize Giaùo hoaøng n. Pope giaùo hoïc n. teacher giaùo hoäi n. church, congregation giaùo huaán v. to teach, to educate, to re- giaõy v. See giaãy giaëc n. pirate, invader, aggressor, rebel, enemy: ñaùnh giaëc to fight the enemy giaëc bieån n. sea pirates giaëc giaõ n. piracy; war, hostilities giaêm baøo n. shavings of wood giaêm boâng n. ham giaüm v. to crush, to tread, to trample: giaèm ôùt to crush a chili pod educate: traïi giaùo huaán re-education camp giaèn v. to put down heavily, to stress [angrily] giaèn vaët v. to nag at, to torment: bò löông taâm khoa textbook giaêng n. (= traêng) [SV nguyeät] moon: maët giaùo khoa n. subject [of study]: saùch giaùo daèn vaët to be tormented by one’s conscience giaêng, aùnh giaêng moonlight; gaáu aên giaêng eclipse of the moon giaêng v. to spread, to stretch [net löôùi, sail buoàm] giaèng v. to snatch, to pull towards oneself in a dispute mal school] giaèng co v. to pull about giaùo sö n. university professor giaèng xeù v. to snatch and tear something; to get at someone’s throat: giaèng xeù nhau vì quyeàn giaùo thuï n. teacher [old term] lôïi to get at one another’s throat for benefits giaùo thuyeát n. religious theory giaùo trình n. teaching syllabus/curriculum: giaët v. to wash, to launder: giaët quaàn aùo to giaùo trình tieáng Vieät Vietnamese syllabus wash clothes; thôï giaët laundryman; tieäm giaët/ giaùo vieân n. primary/secondary school teacher giaët uûi laundry shop giaùo vuï n. teaching service, department of giaët giuõ v. to wash, to launder teaching giaác n. sleep, slumber; dream: giaác nguû nap; giaác mô dream; nguû moät giaác to take a nap; giaûo hình n. hanging [as a punishment] giaûo hoaït adj. crafty, artful; glib [old term] nguû quaù giaác to oversleep; ngon giaác to giaûo quyeät adj. artful, crafty, cunning sleep soundly; tænh giaác to wake up; yeân giaác giaûo traù adj. hypocritical ngaøn thu to die giaùp 1 v., adj. to be close up to; near, adjacent giaác ñieäp n. beautiful dream 2 n. armor: aùo giaùp bulletproof vest 3 n. cycle giaác moäng n. (= giaác mô) dream of twelve years giaám n. vinegar: ngaâm giaám to preserve in giaùp baøo n. armor vinegar giaùp chieán v. to fight face to face giaàm n. paddle giaùp giôùi v. to be near the border, to share the giaäm v. to stamp one’s foot same border giaäm doaï v. to frighten, to terrorize giaùp khoa n. laureate giaàn n., v. winnowing basket; to sift giaùp laù caø v. to fight face to face giaän adj. angry: noåi giaän to get angry; töùc giaùp maët v. to come face to face, to meet face giaän to be furious giaän doãi v. to lose one’s temper to face giaùp naêm n. last days of the year giaän döõ v. to be infuriated, to be enraged giaùp traän v. to join a battle giaäp v. to be cracked, to be bruised, to crush giaït v. to run around, to drift giaäp maät adv. hard, soundly: laøm giaäp maät giaøu adj. rich, wealthy, well-off: ngöôøi giaøu vaø ñeå kieám tieàn to work hard to earn money ngöôøi ngheøo the rich and the poor giaät v. to pull forcibly, to jerk, to snatch; to steal loan money: giaät chuoâng to ring the bell giaøy n. (= giaày) shoe: giaøy da leather shoe giaøy deùp n. footwear: cöûa haøng giaøy deùp [by pulling a rope]; giaät cuûa ai to rob someone footwear store of his belongings giaøy voø v. to torment, to nag giaät gaân adj. [of music] hot, thrilling, sensagiaøy xeùo v. to trample upon tional: phim giaät gaân thrilling movies giaùo khu n. diocese giaùo lyù n. religious doctrine, religious teaching giaùo phaùi n. religious sect giaùo só n. missionary, priest giaùo sinh n. student teacher; student [of nor- 92 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH gioïng giaät giaây v. to pull the strings, to control from behind the scene giaät mình v. to be startled giaät luøi v. to move back, to go backward giaáu v. to hide, to conceal giaáu gieám v. to hide giaàu n. betel (= traàu) giaàu khoâng n. betel giaäu n. hedge giaây 1 v. to smear, to get involved in 2 n. second [of time] giaây laùt n. (= giaây phuùt) a moment, in a second giaáy n. paper CL caùi, tôø giaáy: phoøng giaáy office; giaáy baïc banknote; baïc giaáy paper money; giaáy tôø paper, document giaáy baùo n. notice, card, notification: giaáy baùo thi notification for examination giaáy boùng n. glassine paper; cellophane giaáy chöùng minh n. identity card: giaáy chöùng minh nhaân daân identity card of a citizen giaáy chöùng nhaän n. certificate: giaáy chöùng nhaän söùc khoeû health certificate giaáy ñi ñöôøng n. travel document giaáy giaù thuù n. marriage certificate giaáy khai sinh n. birth certificate giaáy kính n. cellophane giaáy loïc n. filter paper giaáy loän n. waste paper giaáy nhaùm n. sand paper giaáp nhaùp n. drafting paper giaáy nhaät trình n. newsprint; old newspapers giaáy pheùp n. permit, license: giaáy pheùp kinh doanh business license giaáy saùp n. wax paper, stencil giaáy thaám n. blotting paper giaáy thieác n. tin foil giaáy thoâng haønh n. passport giaáy veä sinh n. toilet paper giaãy 1 v. to clean [a field]: giaãy coû to weed 2 v. to wriggle, to strive, to struggle: coøn giaãy kicking still giaãy giuaï v. to struggle giaãy naûy v. to start up, to jump, to surprise gieû n. rag, dust cloth gieû cuøi n. jay gieøm v. to berate, to disparage, to slander gieøm pha v. to backbite, to vilify, to talk down gieo v. to sow, to cast gieo maï v. to sow rice seeds gieo mình v. to throw oneself gieïp adj. flat, flattened, collapsed gieâng n. the first month of the lunar year, January: thaùng gieâng January; ra gieâng next January, early next year gieáng n. well: nöôùc gieáng well water; ñaøo gieáng to drill a well gieáng khôi n. a deep well gieáng maïch n. artesian well gieáng phun n. artesian well gieát v. [SV saùt] to kill, to murder, to assassinate; to slaughter: gieát ngöôøi cöôùp cuûa to kill people during a robbery gieãu v. to tease, to kid, to joke, to jest: cheá gieãu to mock gieãu côït v. to tease, to joke gìn giöõ v. to keep, to preserve, to guard: gìn giöõ saïch seõ to keep clean gioù n. [SV phong] wind [CL côn, traän]: trôøi gioù to be windy gioù baác n. northern wind gioù hanh n. dry and cold wind gioù loác n. whirlwind gioù luøa n. draft gioù may n. zephyr gioù maäu dòch n. trade winds gioù muøa n. monsoon gioù noàm n. southern wind gioø 1 n. meat paste [wrapped in banana leaf]: chaû gioø Saigon spring rolls 2 n. foot [of pig, chicken], leg: chaân gioø pig’s feet gioø bì n. minced pork and pork skin paste gioø luïa n. lean pork ham gioø thuû n. pig’s head ham gioû n. market basket, flower basket gioøi n. worm, maggot gioûi adj. good, adept, skilled, clever, able, capable; well: hoïc gioûi to be smart or to do well in school; maïnh gioûi well, in good health; noùi gioûi tieáng Anh to speak English very well gioøn adj. crispy, brittle, [of laugh] hearty, tinkling gioøn tan adj. very crispy giong 1 v. to go away, to travel: ñi giong to walk away, to saunter, to stroll 2 n. bamboo branch, bamboo twig gioùng 1 n. stump, section of bamboo tree or sugar cane: gioùng mía sugar cane stick 2 v. to prod [goad, urge] with beatings gioøng 1 n. line: gioøng keû xuoáng gioøng to go to the next line or paragraph 2 n. current, flow, stream: gioøng nöôùc water flow gioïng n. voice, tone; intonation; tone of Vietnamese word [SV thanh]; accent, voice pitch: noùi tieáng Vieät gioïng Anh to speak Vietnamese with an English accent 93 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH gioïng kim gioïng kim n. soprano gioïng löôõi n. lingo, tongue: gioïng löôõi keû giôû 1 v. to alter, to change 2 v. to untie, to gioït leä n. tears gioã n. [SV kî] anniversary of death, memorial giôû gioïng v. to change one’s tune giôû giôøi n. change of weather giôû maët v. to change one’s line of conduct, to unwrap, to open: giôû saùch to open a book cöôùp lingo of robbery gioït n. drop: gioït möa rain drop; gioït maùu blood drop; töøng gioït drop by drop giôû chöùng v. to change one’s conduct giôû daï v. [of woman] to begin to have labor pains day: gioã chaïp, gioã teát festivals gioã ñaàu n. the first anniversary of the death of overturn; to turn one’s face giôû mình v. to turn over in bed giôû reùt v. to become cold, to be cold again giôi n. bat giôùi n. sex; world, circles: giôùi buoân baùn busi- a person gioã heát n. the third anniversary of the death of a person gioã teát n. anniversaries and festivals gioái v. (= troái) to make the last recommenda- tions; to write a will: lôøi gioái giaêng last will gioài n. (= nhoài) blood pudding gioãi v. to get angry, to get upset gioäi v. to pour water on something/someone gioâng n. storm, rainstorm: gioâng baõo thunderstorm gioâng gioáng adv. somewhat similar, alike gioâng toá n. hurricane, storm, tempest (= baõo toá) gioáng 1 n. species, breed, strain, race; sex, gender: haït gioáng seeds; thoùc gioáng rice seeds; noøi gioáng race 2 v. to resemble, to look like, to be similar gioáng caùi n. feminine: danh töø gioáng caùi feminine noun gioáng ñöïc n. masculine: danh töø gioáng ñöïc masculine noun gioáng heät adj. to be as alike as two peas gioáng ngöôøi n. mankind, human race gioáng nhö v. to look like gioáng noøi n. race gioáng vaät n. animal gioàng v. (= troàng) to plant, to cultivate, to grow gioäp v. to blister [because of burn, scalding, sunburn] giô v. to raise [hand, foot]; to show: giô maët to show oneself; giô tay leân to raise one’s hands giôø n. time; time of the clock; hour: baây giôø now; baáy giôø at that time; moät giôø one o’clock; one hour, an hour; moät giôø ñoàng hoà one hour; nöûa giôø half an hour; hai giôø röôõi saùng 2.30 a.m.; ba giôø keùm naêm five to three; giôø aên saùng breakfast time; ñuùng giôø to be punctual giôø ñaây n. now, at the present time giôø giaác n., v. time; schedule; to stick to a schedule giôø laâu adj. long, long time ness circles giôùi haïn n., v. limit, limitation; to limit: giôùi haïn baøi noùi chuyeän trong voøng hai giôø to limit a talk to two hours giôùi nghieâm n. curfew, martial law: ban haønh leänh giôùi nghieâm to declare martial law/curfew giôùi thieäu v. to introduce [socially] giôùi tuyeán n. demarcation line giôøi (= trôøi) sky, heaven; weather, climate; God, Lord, Providence, Heavens; R long: ba thaùng giôøi three long months; giöõa giôøi in the open air, outdoors; treân giôøi in the sky; chaàu giôøi to die, to pass away; Giôøi ôi! Good heavens! giôøi ñaùnh n. God’s punishment giôøi ñaát n. nothing at all [in negative statements] giôøi giaùng v. to have a nasty fall giôøn v. to flit, to flitter about, to wander giôõn v. to play, to romp: giôõn vôùi con to play with children giôïn v. to feel a thrill: laøm giôïn toùc gaùy to make one’s hair stand on end giuõ v. to shake the dust or water off giuõa v. to file; to smooth, to polish: giuõa moùng tay to file one’s finger-nails giuïc v. to urge on, to incite/motivate someone to do something: giuïc ai laøm vieäc to urge someone to work giuùi 1 v. to push with force, to thrust: giuùi ai ngaõ to push someone to fall 2 v. to slip something secretly: giuùi tieàn vaøo tuùi ai to slip money into someone’s pocket giuûi n. bow/stack net giuïi v. to rub, to stamp out: giuïi maét to rub one’s eyes giuøm v. to aid, to help: giuøm moät tay to give help, to give a hand giun n. worm, earthworm; thuoác giun vermifuge giun deá n., adj. worms and crickets; feeble giun saùn n. worms and tapeworms 94 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH goà gheà giuùp v. to help, to aid: giuùp ñôõ ai vieäc gì to goùc n. angle, corner; portion, fraction, piece help someone do something giuùp ích to be of service to, to be useful giuùp söùc v. to help, to back up giuùp vieäc v. to aid, to assist, to collaborate giöõ v. [SV thuû] to keep, to hold, to maintain; to protect, to guard, to watch over: gìn giöõ to maintain, to preserve; canh giöõ, phoøng giöõ to guard; giöõ ñoäc quyeàn to have the monopoly of; giöõ lôøi höùa to keep one’s promise, one’s word; giöõ mieáng to stand on one’s guard; giöõ mieäng to hold one’s tongue; giöõ mình to be on one’s guard; giöõ nhaø to guard the house; giöõ soå saùch to keep books; giöõ traät töï to maintain order; giöõ vieäc to assume work giöõ bo bo v. to guard jealously giöõ gìn v. to maintain, to preserve, to take care of: giöõ gìn söùc khoeû to take care of one’s health giöõ khö khö v. to guard jealously giöõ treû v. to mind children giöõa n., adv. [SV trung] in the middle, in the center; amidst, between, among: giöõa ñöôøng half way, on the way; giöõa trôøi in the open air; giöõa ban ngaøy in broad daylight; giöõa tröa midday, noon giöông v. to open one’s eyes wide, to stare; to stretch some string: giöông maét maø xem to stare at someone giöôøng n. bed: laøm giöôøng to make the bed; lieät giöôøng to be bedridden; khaên giaûi giöôøng bedsheet; döôùi gaàm giöôøng under the bed giöôøng chieáu n. bed and mat giöït v. (= giaät) to snatch; to win; to pull: giaät giaûi tuùc caàu theá giôùi to win the World Cup go n. woof, weft goø 1 n. mound, knoll CL caùi: goø maù cheekbone 2 v. to tighten, to hammer into shape goø boù v. to impose strict discipline; [of written style] to be affected goø cöông v. to draw in the rein, to pull in the reins, to rein goø ñoáng n. hillock goø gaãm v. to forge [written style] goø löng v. to bend the back goø maù n. cheekbone goõ v. to knock, to nap, to rap: goõ cöûa nhaø ai to knock on the door of someone’s house; chim goõ moõ woodpecker; goõ ñaàu treû to teach goõ laïi v. to straighten [warped metal surface] goaù adj. widowed: goaù choàng to be a widow; goaù vôï to be a widower [of a cake]: goùc vuoâng right angle; goùc nhoïn acute angle goùi v., n. to wrap up; to pack; parcel, package, pack, bundle: goùi quaø to wrap up a present; moät goùi thuoác laù a pack of cigarettes goûi n. special Vietnamese dish made of prawn, pork and vegetables, Vietnamese coleslaw goïi v. (= keâu) to call, to hail, to summon; to name: goïi laø to be named …, as a matter of form; keâu goïi to appeal to, to call upon; lôøi/ tieáng goïi call, appellation, appeal goïi coå phaàn v. to call upon shareholders goïi cöûa v. to knock at the door gom v. to gather together [money]: gom caùc thöù laïi ñeå cho vaøo thuøng to gather everything for packing goøn n. cotton, wadding goïn v., adj. to be neatly arranged, to dress neatly; to be methodical, systematic, in order: vaên goïn concise style goïng n. rim, frame, framework: goïng oâ umbrella frame; ngaõ choång goïng to fall on one’s back with arms and feet pointing upward goïng kìm n. prongs, tines [of pincers]; two pronged [attack] gooøng n. [Fr. wagonnet] tip cart, tip wagon goùp v. to contribute, to donate; to pay jointly with others or on installment: goùp chung tieàn traû hoaù ñôn to share the bill, to contribute; goùp phaàn to contribute one’s share [vaøo to]; giaû/traû goùp to pay in installments goùp chuyeän v. to take part in a conversation goùp nhaët v. to collect little by little, to accumulate goùp phaàn v. to take part in, to participate in: goùp phaàn xaây döïng thaønh phoá to take part in the building of a city goùp söùc v. to focus one’s energies on, to contribute goùp voán v. to pool capital in a business goùt n. heel [of foot, shoe]: theo goùt to follow; nheï goùt to have a quick stop; quay goùt to turn around goùt sen n. L pretty girl goït v. to peel [fruit] with knife, to sharpen [pencil] goâ 1 n. partridge gaø goâ 2 v. to tie, to tie up, to bind [RV laïi] goà adj. prominent, jutting out, protruding, projecting: traùn goà prominent forehead goà gheà adv. uneven, rough, broken, hilly, bumpy, unsmooth: ñöôøng goà gheà rough road 95 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH goã goã n. [SV moäc] (= caây) wood, timber, lumber: goã cöùng hardwood; than goã wood coal; ñoáng goã wood pile; moït goã woodeater; beø goã raft of timber; baèng goã wooden goã daùn n. veneered wood goác n. [SV baûn] foot [of a tree]; root: goác caây disgusting: ñau gôùm terrible pain; gôùm gheâ frightful, horrible gôøm v. to be scared of, to be afraid of gôïn adj., n. [of water] rippled, wavy; flaw [in gem] gôïn soùng adj. undulating, wavy gôït v. to scum, to skim guø 1 v. to coo [of dove] 2 adj. hunch-backed: ngöôøi guø löng a hunch-backed person guï n. a kind of tough wood used for furniture guïc v. to bend down [one’s head ñaàu]: ngaõ guïc xuoáng to slump down guoác n. wooden shoe or clog [CL chieác for one, ñoâi for a pair]: ñi guoác to wear wooden clog guoàng n. spinning wheel; machine, machinery: guoàng maùy machinery, apparatus göø v. [of dog] to snarl, to growl göûi v. to send, to forward, to remit, to dispatch; to entrust, to leave in someone’s care: göûi cho ai moät moùn quaø to send a present to someone göûi laïi v. to commit, to entrust someone with something; to send back göûi lôøi v. to send a message göûi reå v. [of a son-in-law] to live with one’s wife’s family göûi thaân v. to die: göûi thaân ôû nôi ñaát khaùch queâ ngöôøi to die in a foreign country göøng n. ginger CL cuû for root, nhaùt for slices: möùt göøng candied ginger, gingersnap göôm n. sword [CL löôõi, thanh]: mang, ñeo göôm to carry a sword; tuoát/ruùt göôm to draw a sword; Hoà Göôm the Sword Lake göôøm v. to scowl, to glower: göôïm v. to hold back, to postpone: Göôïm ñaõ! Hold it! göông n. [SV kính] mirror CL caùi, taám: soi göông to look in the mirror; theo göông/noi göông to follow the example of göông maët n. appearance, face, look: göông maët saùng suûa good-looking face göông maãu n. model, example göông toát n. good example göôïng v., adj. to do something reluctantly, to make efforts; unnatural: göôïng cöôøi to smile reluctantly foot of a tree; nguoàn goác origin; tieàn goác capital goác gaùc n. origin, descent goác laõi n. principal and interest goác ngoïn adv. from the beginning to the end: ñaàu ñuoâi goác ngoïn thoroughly goác tích n. origin, descent goäc adj. [slang] big, large, huge goái 1 n. pillow, cushion, bolster [CL caùi] to rest one’s head [ñaàu] [vaøo on]: aùo goái pillowcase; nhoài goái to stuff a pillow 2 n. knee: ñaàu goái knee; quì goái/xuoáng goái to kneel down; moûi goái to be tired [after sitting, walking]; boù goái to be at a loss, be helpless goài n. latania, macaw tree goäi v. to wash one’s hair: goäi ñaàu to wash one’s hair; taém goäi to bathe, to wash up goám n. pottery: ñoà goám pottery goàm v. to total up; to include, to comprise: goàm coù to consist of; bao goàm to include goân n. [Fr. goal] goal in soccer or football: ngöôøi giöõ goân (= thuû moân) goalkeeper goâng n. cangue; stocks [used on criminals] goâng cuøm n. yoke, slavery goàng v. to try one’s best goàng gaùnh v. to carry with a pole goäp v. to add up: goäp caùc moùn chi tieâu laïi ñeå thanh toaùn to add up all expenses for payment goät v. to clean [with brush and water]; to wipe goät röûa v. to clean and wash; to get rid of gôû adj. [of an omen ñieàm] ill [opp. laønh] gôõ v. to unravel, to disentangle, to extricate, to clear up [knot, embarrassing situation]; to recover [money lost at gambling] gôõ ñaàu v. to comb out one’s hair gôõ gaïc v. to profit, to take advantage of gôõ nôï v. to pay off a debt gôõ toäi v. to exculpate, to clear oneself gôûi v. See göûi gôûi chuyeå tieáp v. to forward ha! intj. [exclamation of joy, surprise] Ah! Oh!: chuyeån tieá gôïi v. to arouse, to awaken, to revive [emotion, Ha! Chaøo oâng Nam! Ah! Hello Mr. Nam! memories], to strike up [conversation], to whet ha haû adv. loudly: cöôøi ha haû to laugh loudly [desires]: gôïi nhôù to revive memories; gôïi yù to haù 1 v. to open wide [one’s mouth]; to be opened: give a suggestion giaày haù mieäng torn shoes; taàu haù moõm landing gôùm adj. horrified; horrible, terrible, dreadful, ship 2 adv. How?, Is it not obvious? H 96 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH haûi ñöôøng haù deã adj. not at all easy haï taàng 1 n. lower layer: haï taàng cô sôû infrastructure 2 v. to reduce/to demote to a lower haù hoác v. to gape, to open one’s mouth wide haø 1 v. to breathe, to blow: haø hôi to breathe rank: haï taàng coâng taùc to regrade a job level 2 n. oyster, teredo 3 n. R river (= soâng): soâng haï thaàn n. I, me [your humble subject] Ngaân Haø the Milky Way river; soâng Hoàng Haø haï thoå v. to bury, to inter haï thuû v. to kill someone Red River [in North Vietnam] haø hieáp v. to oppress haï thuyû v. to launch [a ship] haø khaéc adj. tyrannical, very harsh haï tuaàn n. last ten days of a month haø khoác adj. tyrannical Haï Uy Di n. Hawaii, Hawaiian haø khoác adj. tyrannical haïc n. crane, flamingo [CL con]: cöôõi haïc to pass away haø laïm adj. graft-ridden Haø Lan n. Holland, Dutch: ñaäu Haø Lan string haùch adj., v. authoritative, unduly stern; beans haø maõ n. hippopotamus Haø Noäi n. Hanoi [capital of Vietnam] haø taàn haø tieän adj. to be miserly, stingy haø taát adv. What is the use of?, Why?; no need Haø thaønh n. Hanoi city haø tieän adj. miserly, stingy haû 1 v. to lose flavor or perfume, to taste flat to show off one’s power haùch dòch adj. imperious: khuùm nuùm vôùi caáp treân nhöng haùch dòch vôùi caáp döôùi to be obsequious towards one’s superiors but imperious towards one’s subordinates haïch n. R nucleus [of atom] haïch 1 n. gland, ganglion: bò haïch ôû coå to have a ganglion on the neck; beänh dòch haïch plague 2 adj., v. to be satisfied, to be content; to vent 2 v. to find faults with, to demand this and that one’s anger: noùi cho haû daï/haû heâ to speak haïch toaùn v. to keep a business account out by venting one’s anger 3 adv. [final parhaïch xaùch v. to insult someone hai num. [SV nhò] two, double: möôøi hai twelve; ticle denoting surprise]: Theá haû? Is that so? haï 1 n. (= heø) summer: muøa haï summer seahai möôi twenty; moät traêm hai [möôi/chuïc] son 2 v. to lower [price, flag, sail]; [of planes] one hundred and twenty; moät traêm linh/leû hai to land; to issue [orders]; to beat, to defeat one hundred and two [opponent]; to bring down: haï giaù baùn to hai chaám n. colon (:) lower the price hai loøng adj., n. double-faced, duplicitous, haï beä v. to topple disloyal haï boä n. man’s sexual organs, man’s private haùi v. to pick, to pluck [fruit, flower, vegetable]: haùi cam to pick an orange parts haï buùt v. to begin to write haøi 1 v. R to laugh at, to harmonize, to be humorhaï caùnh v. to land, to touch down ous: khoâi haøi to be humorous, joking, comedihaï caáp n. low level, lower rank, subordinate an-like; haøi loøng to be happy, satisfied, content haï chí n. summer solstice 2 n. slipper [CL chieác for one, ñoâi for a pair] haï coá v. to condescend: haï coá ñeán ai to con- haøi coát n. bones, remains descend to someone haøi höôùc adj. comic, humorous: chuyeän haøi höôùc humorous story haï côø v. to lower the national flag haï du n. delta, lowland haøi kòch n. comedy haï giaù v. to lower the price, to reduce the price haøi nhi n. infant, baby haï giôùi n. this world [opp. thieân ñaøng] haûi n. R sea, ocean (= beå): haûi caûng seaport; haï huyeät v. to lower the coffin into the grave haûi saûn seafood; haøng haûi to navigate, navihaï leänh v. to command, to order gation haï löu n. downstream; low class haûi caûng n. seaport haï maõ v. to dismount, to get off one’s horse haûi caåu n. seal [CL con] haï maøn v. to lower the curtain haûi chieán n. naval battle haï mình v. to stoop, to condescend haûi döông n. ocean haï nghò vieän n. lower house, House of haûi ñaûo n. island Representatives, House of Commons haûi ñoà n. sea chart haï nguïc v. to send to prison haûi ñaêng n. lighthouse haï só quan n. non-commissioned officer haûi ñöôøng n. cherry apple flower 97 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH haûi haø haûi haø adj. immense, vast haûi khaåu n. sea port haûi luïc khoâng quaân n. all three armed forces [navy, army and air force] haõm haïi v. to assassinate, to murder, to harm haõm hieáp v. to rape, to molest haõm taøi adj. [of face] unpleasant, ominous look haûi löu n. sea current haûi lyù n. nautical mile haûi maõ n. sea horse, hippocampus Haûi Nam n. Hainan Island haûi ngoaïi adv. overseas, foreign country: ñi ra haïm ñoäi n. fleet: Ñeä Thaát Haïm Ñoäi the 7th haûi phaän n. territorial waters haûi phoøng n. coast guard Haûi Phoøng n. Haiphong: haûi caûng Haûi Haùn hoïc n. Chinese studies, Sinology: nhaø haûi quaân n. navy: caên cöù haûi quaân naval Haùn vaên n. Chinese language or literature haøn 1 v. to weld, to solder; to heal [a wound]: haûi ngoaïi to go overseas Phoøng the Haiphong seaport base; haûi quaân luïc chieán ñoäi marine corps Fleet haïm tröôûng n. warship’s captain han v. to get rusty Haùn n. Chinese: chöõ Haùn Chinese characters, Chinese script Haùn hoïc Sinologist Haùn töï n. Chinese [written] characters, Chinese script thôï haøn welder; haøn xì welding; haøn ñieän electric welding; haøn chì coarse soldering 2 adj. R to be cold (= reùt); R poor, needy: caûm haøn to catch cold; thöông haøn typhoid fever Haøn n. Korea, Korean: Baéc Haøn North Korea; Nam Haøn South Korea; Ñaïi Haøn Daân Quoác the Republic of [Greater] Korea haøn ñôùi n. Arctic circle, frigid zone harmful [ñeán/tôùi to]; laøm haïi ñeán/tôùi to harm; haøn gaén v. to bandage, to heal: haøn gaén veát thöông chieán tranh to heal the war wounds tai haïi disastrous ham v. to be fond of, to be mad about haøn huyeân v. to chat, friendly ham chuoäng v. to esteem haøn laâm vieän n. academy ham meâ v. to be passionately fond of haøn nhieät n. fever ham muoán v. to desire haøn nho n. poor scholar ham thích v. to desire, to love haøn só n. impoverished student haùm adj. greedy for: haùm danh lôïi greedy for haøn thieác n. fire soldering fame and gain haøn thöû bieåu n. thermometer haøm 1 n. jaw: haøm raêng/raêng haøm molar; haøn vi adj. poor and humble raêng tieàn haøm premolar; haøm treân upper haõn höõu adj. R rare, scarce, exceptional: cô hoäi haõn höõu a rare opportunity jaw; haøm döôùi lower jaw; quai haøm jawbone 2 n. rank, grade, dignity: phaåm haøm honorary haïn 1 n. limit, deadline; ill luck: haïn cheá/coù haïn limited; coâng ty höõu haïn corporation/ haøm aân v. to be grateful haøm hoà adj. ambiguous, indefinite, company limited; voâ haïn unlimited; kyø haïn aggressive, thoughtless, inconsiderate deadline; giôùi haïn boundary; quyeàn haïn limit of authority 2 n. drought: haïn haùn drought haøm oan v. to suffer an injustice haøm raêng n. denture, set of teeth: laøm saïch haïn cheá v. to limit, to restrict: khoâng haïn cheá raêng to clean the denture no restriction, unlimited haøm soá n. function [algebra] haïn ñònh v. to fix, to determine haøm suùc adj. meaty, substantial haïn ñoä n. fixed limit, restriction haøm thieác n. bit [of horse] haïn giôùi n. limit haøm thuï n. correspondence course: ghi danh haïn haùn n. drought hoïc haøm thuï to enroll for a correspondence haïn kyø n. term, limit haïn vaän n. ill luck course haøm tieáu v. [of flower] to begin to open hang n. cave, den, cavern: hang thaïch nhuõ haõm v. (= phanh, thaéng) to stop [car, stalactite cave machine], to put the brakes on hang hoác n. cavern, hole, hollow haûi saâm n. sea slug haûi taëc n. pirate haûi trieàu n. tide haûi vaän n. sea transport, maritime transport haûi vò n. seafood haõi adj. afraid of haõi huøng adj. fearful, frightening haïi v. to harm; to damage, to hurt: coù haïi 98 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH haïnh ngoä nhì second class; haïng beùt tourist class, low- hang huøm n. tiger’s den haùng n. hip: giaïng haùng to spread one’s legs est class out haøng 1 n. row, line, ranks: xeáp haøng to stand in line, to queue 2 n. [SV hoaù] merchandise, goods, wares, cargo: haøng hoaù goods; cöûa haøng shop, store 3 v. to surrender [to]: ñaàu haøng to surrender haøng ba n. veranda haøng chöõ n. line [of letters, types] haøng côm n. restaurant haøng giaûi khaùt n. snackbar haøng giang n. river navigation haøng haûi v., n. to navigate; navigation: nhaø haøng haûi navigator, seafarer; thuaät haøng haûi navigation; coâng ty haøng haûi shipping company haøng hoaù n. goods, merchandise, commodity: chuyeân chôû haøng hoaù to transport goods haøng khoâng n. aviation; aerial navigation, airline: coâng ty haøng khoâng airline company; haøng khoâng daân söï civil aviation haøng khoâng maãu haïm n. aircraft carrier haøng naêm adj., adv. yearly, year after year haøng ngaøy adj., adv. daily, day after day haøng nguõ n. [army] troops; ranks; community haøng nöôùc n. teahouse, teashop haøng phoá n. street dwellers; one’s street haøng phuïc v. to surrender, to yield to haøng quaùn n. inn, store, shop haøng raøo n. hedgerow, hedge, fence: xaây haøng raøo to build a fence haøng rong n. hawker, peddler, street vendor, huckster haøng taïp hoaù n. haberdashery, grocery, department store, dime store, five and ten store haøng thòt n. butcher’s shop haøng tænh n., adj. fellow citizens from the same province; provincial haøng toång n. fellow citizens from the same canton haøng xaùch n. broker, comprador haøng xaõ n. fellow villagers haøng xaùo n. rice dealer, rice hawker haøng xeùn n. haberdashery, shop of miscellaneous goods, dime store, five and ten store haøng xoùm n. neighbor haõng n. firm, company, agency: haõng buoân commercial firm; haõng taøu shipping company haïng n. category, kind, rank, class: thöôïng haïng first class; nhaát haïng first of all; haõo haïng top quality, haïng nhaát first class; haïng hanh adj. [of weather] cold and dry haïnh thoâng adj. easy, flowing, going well haønh 1 n. scallion, onion: moät cuû haønh taây an onion 2 v. R to act, to execute: thi haønh to carry out, to execute [an order]; cöû haønh to perform, to celebrate; thi haønh to practice; chaáp haønh to execute; quyeàn haønh power 3 v. to torment, to wreck 4 v. R to go, to travel (= ñi): boä haønh to go on foot; to be a pedestrian; xuaát haønh to start out, to set out, to leave; khôûi haønh to start a trip; song haønh parallel; tuaàn haønh parade; thoâng haønh passport haønh binh n. military operation haønh chính n., adj. administration; administrative: Hoïc vieän Quoác gia Haønh chính National Institute of Administration; coâng vieäc giaáy tôø haønh chính administrative job haønh dinh n. headquarters haønh ñoäng v., n. to act; act, action, deed haønh haï v. to ill-treat, to persecute haønh hình v. to execute [a prisoner] haønh hung v. to act with violent assault and battery haønh höông v. to go on a pilgrimage haønh khaùch n. traveler, passenger: toa chôû haønh khaùch passenger car haønh khaát v. to beg: ngöôøi haønh khaát beggar haønh kinh v. to menstruate: haønh kinh khoâng ñeàu to menstruate irregularly haønh laïc n. amusement; debauchery haønh lang n. corridor, passageway, hall haønh lyù n. luggage, baggage haønh phaùp n. executive, government [as opp. to legislative laäp phaùp, and judiciary tö phaùp] haønh phaïït v. to punish haønh quaân v. See haønh binh haønh quyeát v. to execute, to carry out a death sentence haønh thích v. to assassinate haønh tinh n., adj. planet [of system]; planetary haønh toäi v. to mistreat, to persecute haønh trình n. trip, journey, itinerary haønh trang n. luggage, baggage haønh tung n. track, trail, whereabouts haønh vaên v. to compose, to style haønh vi n. behavior, action, gesture: haønh vi töû teá good behavior haõnh dieän adj. to be proud haïnh kieåm n. behavior, conduct haïnh ngoä n. a happy meeting 99 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH haïnh nhaân haïnh nhaân n. almond haïnh phuùc n., adj. happiness; happy haïnh vaän n. good luck, good fortune hao v., adj. to be spent; consumed: hao tieàn haùt caûi löông n. modernized theater haùt tuoàng n. Vietnamese opera, classical theater haït 1 n. grain, stone, seed, kernel, drop: haït thoùc rice grain; haït möa drop of rain; cheø haït tea buds; traøng haït string of beads 2 n. province, jurisdiction: ñòa haït area, jurisdic- costly hao hao v. to look alike hao huït adj., v. lessened, short; to undergo some loss tion, field hao loã v. to lose hao moøn v., adj. to weaken; worn out, flat hao phí v. to waste: hao phí thì giôø to waste haït haït haït haït haït time hao hao hao haùo söùc v. to wear out taøi adj., v. costly; to spend much money toån v. to waste, to cost gioáng n. seed ngoïc n. precious stone sen n. [dried] lotus seed trai n. pearl xoaøn n. diamond: mua moät caùi nhaãn haït xoaøn to buy a diamond ring v. to be eager for, to feel a thirst for something: haùo danh to be eager for fame haùo höùc adj. enthusiastic haøo 1 n. (= caéc, giaùc) dime; one ten thousandth: moät ñoàng ba haøo one piastre and thirty cents 2 n. trench, moat: chieán haøo trench haøo hieäp adj. chivalrous, knightly haøo hoa adj., n. noble; person of notoriety haøo huøng adj. magnanimous, courageous, exciting haøo khí n. courage haøo kieät n. hero haøo luõy n. fortifications haøo nhoaùng adj. showy haøo phoùng adj. generous haøo phuù n. rich person haøo quang n. halo, glory haûo adj. R good (= toát) haûo haùn n. courageous man, decent guy haûo haïng n. good quality, high class, high rate haûo taâm adj. good-hearted, kind-hearted haûo yù n. good intention; goodwill haõo adj. [of talk] empty, idle; [of promise] to be hollow; [of efforts] vain: lôøi höùa haõo an empty promise haõo huyeàn adj. impracticable, fantastic: hy voïng haõo huyeàn impracticable hope haïp v. (= hôïp) to agree, to go with, to match haùt v. [SV ca] to sing, to give theatrical performances: baøi/baûn haùt song; ñóa haùt record; maùy haùt victrola, phonograph; nhaø haùt/raïp haùt theater [building]; ñaøo haùt actress; keùp haùt actor; ñi xem/coi haùt to go to the theater haùt boùng n. cinematography, cinema, motion pictures, movies haùt boäi n. Vietnamese opera, classical theater haùu v. to long for, to desire haùu aên adj. voracious, ravenous, to be always impatient to eat haùu ñoùi adj. gluttonous hay 1 v. (= bieát) to know [because of informa- tion received], to learn, to hear: cho hay to inform, to advise 2 adv. [SV naêng] R to have the habit of [doing so and so]: thöôøng hay often, frequently 3 conj. or, whether 4 adj. good, interesting [opp. dôû], well hay bieát v. to know hay caùu adj. irascible, to be irritable, to be quick-tempered hay chöõ v., adj. to be educated; well read, learned: ngöôøi hay chöõ well educated person hay dôû adj. good and bad hay hay adj. good enough, fair, quite good, rather good [looking] hay ho adj. interesting hay hôøn adj. [of baby] tearful, whining hay laø adv. or, or else hay sao? Isn’t it? haõy 1 adv. still, yet: hoài toâi haõy coøn ñi hoïc when I was still a schoolboy 2 adv. imperative particle standing before a verb, let: Haõy ñi ngay! Go straight away! haõy coøn adv. up to now, still, yet haéc 1 adj. pungent, harsh, stern: nöôùc hoa naày haéc quaù this perfume is too pungent 2 adj. R black (= ñen): haéc y, aùo ñen black shirt haéc aùm adj. evil, shady haéc baïch adj. black and white, clear-cut Haéc Haûi n. Black Sea haéc ín n. asphalt haéc laøo n. herpes, shingles, ringworm haéc vaän n., adj. ill luck; unlucky haêm v. to threaten, to menace, to intimidate 100 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH haäu ñoäi haêm doaï v. to threaten, to intimidate haân hoan adj., v. joyful, merry; to feel greatly pleased haêm he v. to be ready to act, to be truculent haêm hôû v., adj. to show alacrity and zeal; to be haän n. resentment, hatred, rancor: aân haän/hoái haän to regret, to be sorry zealous and enthusiastic haèm haèm adj. very furious, angry haèm heø v. to look aggressive haèm höø adj. furious haén pron. he, she, him, her haèn hoïc v. to bear a grudge, to be frustrated haáp v. to steam [food]; to dry-clean haáp daãn v. to attract haáp haùy v. [of eyes] to wink haáp hoái v. to be in agony haáp hôi v. to be stuffy, not well ventilated haáp löïc n. attraction and angry in one’s attitude haún adv. thoroughly, completely; definitely, haáp taáp v. to hurry, to rush, to be in a hurry surely, certainly: boû haún to abandon complete- haáp thuï v. to absorb, to receive haát v. to throw, to jerk, to push ly; ôû haún to stay permanently haún hoi adv. correctly, properly haát caúng v. to trip; to oust haêng 1 adj. [of smell] to be acrid; [of garlic, haát haûi v. to be bewildered, panic-stricken onion] to be strong-flavored 2 adj. to be haát haøm v. to raise one’s chin as a signal ardent, eager haàu 1 n. R monkey (= khæ) 2 v. to wait upon, haêng haùi adj., adv. to be enthusiastic, eager; to serve: quan haàu military aide; naøng haàu concubine; chö haàu satellite, vassal 3 adv. almost, nearly: haàu nhö/haàu heát nearly all haàu bao n. purse haàu boùng v. to incarnate the spirits vaãn haèng mong öôùc to have always dreamed haàu caän n. close aide, trusted servant, bodyof; haèng ngaøy every day 2 adj. every 3 n. the guard moon, goddess: Haèng nga/chò Haèng the moon haàu chuyeän v. to keep company with, to haèng haø sa soá adj. numerous entertain, to hold a conversation with someone haèng naêm adv. annual, every year haàu haï v. to serve, to be in the service of haèng ngaøy adv. every day: baùo haèng ngaøy haàu heát adv. almost all, nearly all daily newspaper haàu kieän v. to appear in court haèng soá n. constant [number] haàu quoác n. vassal country, satellite, colony haèng taâm adj. kind-hearted, generous haàu töôùc n. marquis haèng thaùng adv. monthly, every month haäu 1 adv. R after, behind, back; future (= sau) [opp. tieàn]: cöûa haäu back door 2 adj. generhaèng tuaàn adv. weekly, every week haét v. to push away, to throw, to sweep aside ous, liberal 3 n. queen, empress: hoaøng haäu haét hiu v. [of wind] to blow lightly; to flicker queen, empress; hoa haäu beauty queen, Miss haét hôi v. to sneeze haäu bò n. reserve army haét huûi v. to neglect haäu binh n. rearguard haâm v. to warm up, to heat: haâm côm laïi to haäu boå v. [of official] to wait for an assignment, heat rice to stand in haâm moä v. to have admiration and respect for, haäu boái n. future generations, posterity; to be a fan of anthrax in the back haàm 1 v. to braise, to simmer, to stew: haàm haäu caàn n. army ordnance, logistics thòt heo caø-roát to stew pork with carrots 2 n. haäu cung n. palace of the queen; inside of a trench, tunnel, cellar, basement, underground temple haäu cöùu v. to be re-examined later: taïi ngoaïi shelter: baät ñeøn leân khi xe löûa qua haàm to haäu cöùu free on bail turn on the light when the train comes to the tunnel haäu dueä n. descendant, offspring haàm truù aån n. air-raid shelter haäu ñaõi v. to treat generously haåm hiu adj. unlucky, unfortunate haäu ñaäu n., adj. stroke following smallpox; clumsy, awkward haäm höïc v. to be displeased haân haïnh adj., v. to be honored, happy, to haäu ñình n. a rear building have the honor haäu ñoäi n. rearguard eagerly, enthusiastically haêng maùu adj. furious, in a fit of anger haêng say adj. engrossed in, utterly dedicated haèng 1 adv. usually, ordinarily, often, always: 101 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH haäu hónh haäu haäu haäu haäu hónh adj. generous, liberal lai n. future, to come moân n. anus phöông n. behind battle-field, war- narrow-minded, stingy heùt v. to shriek, to scream, to roar, to yell, to shout: hoø heùt to shout heà n. clown, buffoon, jester: troø heà buffoonery, supported region farce, comedy heà v. to matter: khoâng/chaúng heà gì it does not haäu quaû n. result, outcome, consequence haäu saûn n. illness following childbirth, postchildbirth complications haäu sinh n. younger generations, posterity haäu taï v. to reward liberally, to show deep gratitude for haäu theá n. future generations haäu thuaãn v. to back up, to support haäu tieán adj. backward, underdeveloped haäu tuyeån n. candidate for an election haäu vaän n. future fate, prospects haây haây adj. [of wind] blowing gently; [of cheeks] to be rosy/ruddy haåy v. to push away, to throw away heø 1 n. [SV haï] summer: muøa heø summer 2 n. veranda, pavement, sidewalk 3 v. to shout together heï n. shallot, leek heûm n. narrow alley, lane: ñöôøng heûm/ngoõ heûm narrow alley, lane hen n., v. asthma; to cough heøn adj. feeble, coward; lowly [opp. sang]; base, vile heøn chi/gì n. no wonder heøn haï adj. base, vile, low, humiliating: haønh ñoäng heøn haï humiliating action heøn maït adj. base, vile, low, humiliating heøn moïn adj. lowly, small, humble heøn nhaùt adv. cowardly heïn v. to promise, to agree; to give a deadline, an appointment, an ultimatum: sai/loãi heïn to break an engagement/appointment/promise; ñuùng heïn to keep one’s word, an appointment, a promise heïn hoø v. to make an appointment, to promise: heïn hoø vôùi ai to make an appointment with someone heo n. pig (= lôïn): thòt heo pork; chuoàng heo pigsty; gioø heo pig’s feet heo caùi n. sow heo con n. piglet heo naùi n. sow heo röøng n. wild boar heo söõa n. suckling pig heùo v. to wilt, to dry up, to wither heûo laùnh adj. [of a place] deserted, remote heïp adj. narrow: chaät heïp narrow; heïp hoøi matter; khoâng/chaúng/chöa heà (bao giôø) to have never [done something] heã adv. as sure as, as soon as, if, each time, whenever heã haû adj. to be satisfied heä 1 n. branch, generation: theá heä generation 2 n. system: heä thoáng heä giao caûm sympathetic system; thaàn kinh heä nervous system heä luaän n. corollary, consequence heä luî n. social ties, consequence heä quaû n. result, outcome, consequence heä soá n. co-efficient, weight [of subject in examination] heä thoáng n. system: heä thoáng giaùo duïc education system heä thoáng hoaù v. to systematize heä thöùc n. relation [in math] heä troïng adj. important, vital: ñoùng moät vai troø heä troïng trong chính phuû to play an important role in the government cabinet heách v. to raise, to lift up: muõi heách upturned nose heân adj. (= may) lucky, fortunate heân xui n. luck and ill luck heán n. mussel, corbicula: caâm nhö heán as dumb as a fish heát 1 v. to finish, to complete; to end, to cease, be finished, be completed: heát nhaün, heát raùo, heát saïch all finished 2 adj., adv. whole; all: tröôùc heát first of all; sau heát last of all, finally heát caû adv., adj. all, whole heát hoàn adv. out of one’s wits: sôï heát hoàn to be frightened out of one’s wits heát hôi v. to be out of breath heát loøng adj. wholehearted, with all one’s heart heát lôøi v. to finish speaking, to be unable to find any more arguments heát nhaün v. to finish all, to be clean out of: heát nhaün tieàn to be broke heát raùo v. to be completely out of heát saïch v. to be clean out of, to finish all, to have no more left heát söùc adj. to be physically exhausted; to try one’s best to heát thaûy adj., adv. whole; all heát thôøi adj. out of date, out of fashion 102 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hieän thöïc hieán phaùp n. constitution: thay ñoåi hieán heát trôn v. See heát saïch heát yù adj. excellent, very good heät adj. to be identical [to], as alike as: gioáng phaùp to amend the constitution hieàn adj. mild, sweet, meek, good-natured, heät as alike as two peas, exactly the same hí hí hí hí hí hí hí hí hì hæ to blow one’s nose into a handkerchief hæ haû v. to be satisfied hæ söï n. happy occasion hia n. mandarin’s boots [part of traditional costume] hích v. to jostle, to push, to jolt hòch n. edict, proclamation, order of the day hieám adj. rare, scarce: hieám coù to have few, gentle; R [of wife] virtuous, loyal, worthy ñeä n. you, my brother haäu adj. mild, kind, benevolent huynh n. you, my brother laønh adj. meek, good-natured maãu n. kind mother muoäi n. younger sister nhaân n. virtuous man só n. virtuous man taøi adj. virtuous and talented thaàn n. loyal subject theâ n. good wife trieát n. sage, philosopher töø adj. kind, indulgent danh v. to become famous ñaït v. to succeed [in one’s career] haùch adj. brilliant, illustrious, highly glorious hieån hieän v. to appear clearly hieån linh v., adj. to be miraculous; to turn out to be powerful hieån minh v. to be clearly demonstrated hieån nhieân v., adj. to be evident; to be obvious manifest; evident hieån vi adj. microscopic: kính hieån vi microscope hieån vinh adj. successful and honorable hieän 1 v. to appear, to become visible 2 adv. now, at present hieän dòch n. active service, permanent military service hieän dieän v. to be present hieän ñaïi n., adj. present times; contemporary, up-to-date, modern hieän ñaïi hoaù v. to modernize: söï hieän ñaïi hoaù modernization hieän giôø adv. at [the] present [time] hieän haønh v. [of law] to be in force or in effect hieän hình v. to appear hieän höõu v., adj. to exist at present; present, existing hieän kim n. (= tieàn maët) actual cash hieän nay n. nowadays, at the present time hieän taïi n., adv. present, at [the] present [time] hieän thaân n. personification, incarnation hieän thôøi n. present, now, at [the] present [time] hieän thöïc adj. realistic: chuû nghóa hieän thöïc realism hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieàn hieån hieån hieån v. to neigh hoaùy v. to be busy with, to be absorbed in hoaï n. caricature, cartoon, comics, funnies hôûn v. to leap with joy höûng v. to leap with joy kòch n. drama tröôøng n. stage, theater vieän n. theater, playhouse hì exclam. ha, ha [laughter] v. to blow one’s nose: hæ muõi vaøo khaên tay to be rare; hieám con to have few/no children; hieám hoi/hieám ngöôøi there is a shortage of hieám hoi v. to be rare; to have few or no children hieàm v. to dislike, to hate, to resent: thuø hieàm hatred, resentment; tö hieàm personal hatred; tò hieàm to avoid suspicion hieàm khích v. to detest hieàm nghi v. to suspect hieåm adj. dangerous, perilous: nguy hieåm dangerous; nham hieåm/thaâm hieåm to be cunning, sly, wily hieåm ñòa n. strategic area hieåm ñoäc adj. to be cunning, sly, wicked hieåm hoaï n. danger, peril hieåm hoác adj. dangerous, tricky hieåm ngheøo adj. dangerous, perilous, difficult hieåm trôû adj. [of road, place] dangerous, obstructive hieåm yeáu adj. strategically important hieân n. veranda, porch hieân ngang adj. haughty, proud hieán v. to offer: hieán mình to offer one’s life; coáng hieán to contribute hieán binh n. military police(man) hieán chöông n. constitution, charter: baûn Hieán Chöông Lieân Hôïp Quoác the United Nations Charter; Hieán chöông Ñaïi Taây Döông the Atlantic Charter; Hieán chöông Thaùi Bình Döông the Pacific Charter 103 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hieän tình hieän tình n. the present situation, present hieåu laàm v. to misunderstand hieåu ngaàm v. to understand through hints hieäu 1 n. (= tieäm) shop, store, department conditions hieän traïng n. present situation hieän töôïng n. phenomenon hieän vaät n. things in nature, object; in kind payment; material things hieáp v. to oppress, to bully: aên hieáp, öùc hieáp to oppress; haõm hieáp/hieáp daâm to rape hieáp daâm v. to assault, to rape hieäp 1 v. (= hôïp) to come together, to unite 2 n. round [in boxing]; half [of soccer]: ghi baøn thaéng ôû hieäp hai to score one goal in the second half hieäp ñònh n. agreement, convention: hieäp ñònh ñình chieán armistice agreement, truce agreement; hieäp ñònh thöông maïi trade agreement hieäp ñoàng n. contract: kyù hôïp ñoàng laøm vieäc to sign a work contract hieäp hoäi n. association: hieäp hoäi thöông gia association of businessmen hieäp khaùch n. knight hieäp löïc v. to unite, to join forces: ñoàng taâm hieäp löïc to join forces together hieäp thöông v. to confer, to negotiate hieäp öôùc n. pact, treaty: hieäp öôùc baát xaâm phaïm non-aggression pact; hieäp öôùc phoøng thuû defense treaty; hieäp öôùc thaân thieän treaty of friendship; hieäp öôùc thöông maïi trade pact hieáu adj., n. dutiful, filial, pious; filial piety: coù hieáu ñoái vôùi cha meï to show filial piety towards one’s parents; baát hieáu to be impious hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieáu hieåu hieåu chieán adj. warlike, bellicose danh v. to thirst for fame döôõng v. to nurse one’s parents ñeå adj. dutiful toward one’s parents ñoäng adj. lively, active, dynamic, restless haïnh n., adj. filial piety; dutiful hoaø adj. peace-loving hoïc adj. studious kyø adj. curious nghóa n. filial piety saéc adj. lustful, lewd thaûo adj. pious thaéng adj. ambitious, aggressive trung n. piety and loyalty v. to understand, to grasp bieát v., n., adj. to understand; under- standing hieåu duï n. notice, announcement, proclamation store: hieäu thuoác taây pharmacy 2 n. pen name, pseudonym; nickname: buùt hieäu pseudonym; quoác hieäu official name of a country 3 n. signal, sign: ra hieäu to motion, to signal; nhaõn hieäu trade mark, label; khaåu hieäu password, watch word, slogan hieäu chính v. to regulate, to check, to revise hieäu ñính v. to edit, to check hieäu ñoaøn n. student council hieäu leänh n. order, command hieäu löïc n., adj. effect, validity; effective hieäu naêng n. efficacy, efficiency hieäu nghieäm adj. effective, efficient hieäu quaû n. effect, result: voâ hieäu quaû without result; in vain hieäu soá n. difference, remainder hieäu suaát n. efficiency, output, yield hieäu trieäu v. to appeal hieäu truôûng n. high school principal, primary school principal, headmaster, university president: hieäu tröôûng tröôøng ñaïi hoïc ngoaïi ngöõ Haø Noäi the president of Hanoi University of Foreign Languages hình n. form, shape, figure; appearance, image, portrait, photograph, picture, illustration (= aûnh): maùy hình camera; chuïp hình to take pictures; voâ hình invisible; thieân hình vaïn traïng multiform hình aûnh n. image, picture: hình aûnh queâ höông images of one’s home country hình baùt giaùc n. octogon(al) hình baàu duïc n., adj. oval; elliptical hình bình haønh n., adj. parallelogram; ellipsoidal hình boán caïnh n. quadrilateral hình boán goùc n. quadrangle hình caàu n., adj. sphere; spherical hình choùp n. pyramid(al) hình chöõ nhaät n., adj. rectangle; rectangular hình daùng n. appearance, form, air, look hình daïng n. appearance, bearing, carriage hình dung n., v. appearance, form; to visualize, to picture, to imagine hình haøi n. skeleton hình hoïc n. geometry hình khoái choùp n. pyramid hình laêng truï n. prism(atic) hình laäp phöông n., adj. cube; cubic hình luaät n. penal code, criminal law 104 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hoaù trang hình luïc giaùc n. hexagon(al) hình luïc laêng n. hexagon(al) hình maïo n. face, physiognomy hình nhaân n. effigy [burned in rituals] hình nhö v. to seem, to appear, to look like hình oáng n., adj. cylinder; cylindrical hình phaït n. punishment, penalty hình saéc n. See hình maïo hình thaùi n. shape, form hình thaùi hoïc n. morphology hình thang n. trapezoid hình theá n. position, situation hình theå n. exterior, physical appearance, body hình thoi n. lozenge; diamond-shape hình thuø n. shape, figure, form hình thöùc n. form, formality hình traïng n. exterior, aspect hình troøn n. circle hình truï n., adj. cylinder; cylindrical hình töôïng n. image, likeness hình voùc n. stature hình vuoâng n. square híp adj. [of eyes] swollen [because of sleep, fatness or bump]: híp maét blinded híp pi n. happie, hippy hít v. to inhale, to breathe, to sniff: hít thôû khoâng khí trong laønh to sniff in fresh air hiu adj. melancholic, gloomy, sad: ñìu hiu desolate, lonely and sad hiu haét v. [of wind] to blow lightly hiu hiu v. [of wind] to blow very lightly hiu quaïnh adj. deserted and melancholic ho v. to cough: côn ho fit of cough ho gaø n. whooping cough ho he v. to speak up, to move, to stir ho lao n. tuberculosis hoø v. to shout, to yell: reo hoø to acclaim hoø heùt v. to shout, to yell hoø khoan intj. heave ho hoø reo v. to acclaim hoï 1 n. extended family, clan; family name, last name 2 pron. they, them hoï haøng n. relation, relative, family to be related [vôùi to] hoï ngoaïi n. relatives on one’s mother’s side hoï noäi n. relatives on one’s father’s side hoa 1 n. (= boâng) flower; blossom: vöôøn hoa flower garden, park; chöõ hoa capital letter; nôû hoa to blossom; vaûi hoa in printed cloth; caùnh hoa petal; ñaøi hoa calyx; nhò hoa stamen 2 v. to wave one’s hands as in talking, to gesticulate Hoa n. Chinese, Sino: ngöôøi Hoa Chinese; Trung Hoa China hoa hoa hoa hoa caùi n. cranium, skull ñaêng n. a flowered lantern ñeøn n. lamp wick haäu n. beauty queen, Miss: cuoäc thi hoa haäu theá giôùi Miss Universe contest hoa hoeø adj. loud, gaudy hoa hoàng n. commission; rose flower: aên hoa hoàng to receive a commission hoa khoâi n. beauty queen, Miss Hoa kieàu n. overseas Chinese resident Hoa Kyø n. America, the U.S.A: Tieáng Noùi Hoa Kyø the Voice of America hoa leä adj. glamorous, exquisite, resplendent hoa lieãu adj. venereal: beänh hoa lieãu venereal disease lôïi n. income maét adj. dazzled maàu n. crop, harvest nguyeät n. love, flirtation nieân n. bloom of youth, prime youth quaû n. fruits, various fruits: hoa quaû ñeå aên traùng mieäng fruits for dessert hoa raâm adj. gray, gray-haired hoa tai n. earring hoa tay n. dexterity, skill in handwriting, drawing Hoa Thònh Ñoán n. Washington hoa tieâu n. pilot hoa vieân n. flower garden hoaù 1 v. to become, to get, to grow, to be transformed into: hoaù ra to change; hoaù daïi, hoaù ñieân to go berserk; bieán hoaù to change; caûi hoaù to change [conduct, person]; ñoàng hoaù to assimilate; giaùo hoaù, khai hoaù to educate; phong hoaù customs and manners; Taïo hoaù the Creator; tieán hoaù to progress; tieâu hoaù to digest; vaên hoaù culture; ñôn giaûn hoaù, giaûn dò hoaù to simplify; daân chuû hoaù to democratize; thaàn thaùnh hoaù to deify 2 n. merchandise, goods: haøng hoaù, hoaù phaåm goods; ngoaïi hoaù foreign goods; noäi hoaù native goods hoaù chaát n. chemical product hoaù coâng n. the Creator hoaù ñôn n. invoice, bill of sale: vieát hoaù ñôn cho toâi to prepare an invoice for me hoaù giaù n. price, cost: hoäi ñoàng hoaù giaù Price Control Commission hoaù hoïc n. chemistry, chemical hoaù phaåm n. merchandise, goods hoaù trang v. to disguise oneself, to make up hoa hoa hoa hoa hoa hoa 105 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hoaù trò hoaù trò n. valence: hoaù trò moät univalent; hoaù hoaï 1 adj., adv. rare, unusual; perhaps, maybe: trò hai bivalent hoaï chaêng, hoaï hoaèn unusual; naêm thì möôøi hoaï once in a blue moon 2 n. misfor- hoaø 1 v. to mix, to blend [vôùi with] 2 v. to [come to a] draw, to tie [in game, sport or contest]; to be square; to break even 3 n., adj., v. peace, harmony, accord; peaceful, be harmonious; to harmonize: caàu hoaø to sue for peace; ñieàu hoaø regular; giaûng hoaø to mediate, to make peace; hieáu hoaø peace-loving; khoan hoaø easy, nice; oân hoaø moderate, calm, poised hoaø aâm n. chord; harmony hoaø bình n., adj. peace; to be peaceful hoaø giaûi v. to mediate, to conciliate, to reconcile: toøa aùn hoaø giaûi justice of the peace court hoaø hoaõn v. to be at ease, to relax, to be moderate hoaø hoäi n. peace conference hoaø hôïp v. to be in accord [with] hoaø khí n. harmony, concord Hoaø Lan n. (= Ha Lan) Holland/the Netherlands, Dutch hoaø nhaõ adj. amiable, courteous hoaø nhaïc n. concert: ñi nghe hoaø nhaïc to go to a concert hoaø thuaän adj. to be in accordance with or at harmony with; harmonious hoaø thöôïng n. Buddhist monk, the most venerable hoaø öôùc n. peace treaty hoaø voán v. to recover capital [after a sale or a game] hoaû n. fire, flame: xe hoaû train; lính cöùu hoaû fireman; boác hoaû/phaùt hoaû to catch fire; phoùng hoaû to set on fire; phoøng hoaû to prevent fires; xe cöùu hoaû fire truck hoaû dieäm sôn n. volcano hoaû ñaàu quaân n. cook [in army mess] hoaû hoaïn n. fire, blaze [the accident] hoaû loø n. charcoal stove, brazier hoaû Iöïc n. fire power hoaû mai n. firelock, rifle: suùng hoaû mai firelock gun hoaû phaùo n. gun, cannon hoaû sôn n. volcano hoaû tai n. fire [the accident] hoaû taùng v. to cremate hoaû tieãn n. rocket, flaming arrow hoaû tieâu n. saltpeter, potassium nitrate Hoaû tinh n. Mars hoaû toác adj. very urgent, pressing hoaû xa n. train; railway: ñöôøng hoaû xa railroad tune, calamity, disaster, catastrophe [opp. phuùc]: Hoaï voâ ñôn chí. Misfortunes never come singly.; hoaï chieán tranh, chieán hoaï the scourge of war, war 3 v. to draw, to paint (= veõ): hoäi hoaï painting; phaùc hoaï to sketch, to outline; minh hoaï to illustrate; hoaït hoaï animated cartoons hoaï chaêng adv. perhaps, maybe, at most hoaï ñoà n. map, plan, blueprint hoaï may adv. perhaps, maybe hoaï mi n. nightingale: chim hoaï mi nightingale hoaï phaåm n. painting hoaï só n. painter, artist hoaï sö n. painter master, artist hoaùc adj. to be wide open, gaping hoaïch v. R to stroke [of pen, brush] (= neùt); R to paint, to draw [up]; keá hoaïch plan, program; truø hoaïch to plan hoaïch v. R to earn, to reap: thu hoaïch luùa to harvest rice hoaïch ñònh v. to draw up, to define, to plan hoaøi 1 v. to waste: hoaøi coâng to waste labor; hoaøi cuûa to waste money 2 adj., adv. constantly, continuous, repeatedly hoaøi baõo n. ambition, dream, aspiration hoaøi caûm n. memory, recollection hoaøi coå v. to think of the past, to miss the past hoaøi cuûa! intj. What a pity! What a shame! hoaøi nghi adj. doubtful, skeptical hoaøi nieäm v. to long for hoaøi voïng v., n. to hope; hope hoaïi adj. spoiled, out of order, damaged: phaù hoaïi to destroy; huyû hoaïi to destroy hoan adj., n. joyous; cheer, welcome: lieân hoan festival; haân hoan pleased, glad, happy hoan hoâ v., intj. to shout hurrah, applaud; Cheers! Long live! hoan hæ v. to be overjoyed hoan laïc adj. pleased, overjoyed hoan ngheânh v. to welcome [with nhieät lieät warmly] hoaùn v. to change, to exchange (= ñoåi): giao hoaùn to exchange hoaùn caûi v. to change hoaùn dòch v. to change, to exchange hoaùn vò v., n. to permute; permutation, transposition: caùch hoaùn vò permutation hoaøn 1 n. sphere, pill, pellet, small ball 2 adj. 106 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hoaønh caùch moâ completed, perfect: hoaøn toaøn perfect 3 v. to return, to refund (= traû): hoaøn laïi tieàn to refund; caûi töû hoaøn sinh to resuscitate, to bring back to life; caûi laõo hoaøn ñoàng to rejuvenate hoaøn bò adj. complete, perfect hoaøn caûnh n. environment, circumstances, situation, context hoaøn caàu n. the world, the earth: khaép hoaøn caàu all over the world hoaøn haûo adj. excellent, perfect hoaøn hoàn v. to recover from shock, to regain consciousness hoaøn myõ adj. perfectly beautiful, beautiful, perfect hoaøn taát v. to finish, to complete hoaøn thaønh v. to complete, to finish hoaøn thieän adj. perfect, excellent hoaøn toaøn adj., adv. perfect, perfectly flawless; entirely, completely, fully hoaøn tuïc v. [of monk] to return to secular life hoaøn vuõ n. the universe hoaõn v. to postpone, to put off, to defer: trì hoaõn to delay, to postpone hoaõn binh v. to postpone military action, to delay action hoaõn dòch v., n. to defer military service; deferment hoaïn 1 n. misfortune, accident: hoaïn naïn bad luck/misfortune; beänh hoaïn sickness, illness; hoaû hoaïn fire; haäu hoaïn disastrous consequence, ill effects 2 v. to castrate: hoaïn quan eunuch hoaïn ñoà n. official career, civil service career hoaïn giôùi n. mandarinate, officialdom hoaïn loä n. official career hoaïn naïn n. misfortune, adversity, distress hoang 1 v., adj. spendthrift; extravagant: tieâu hoang to spend extravagantly; aên hoang maëc roäng to live expensively 2 adj. [of house] abandoned; [of land] uncultivated; [of child] illegitimate; deserted: chöûa hoang to bear an illegitimate child; boû hoang to leave unfilled, unoccupied; röøng hoang virgin forest; hoang daõ wild hoang daïi adj. wild: caây hoang daïi wild tree hoang daâm adj. lustful hoang ñaøng adj. dissolute, debauched hoang ñaûo n. unexplored island hoang ñòa n. wasteland hoang ñieàn n. uncultivated field hoang ñöôøng adj. fabulous, incredible, extraordinary, fantastic mang adj. undecided, confused pheá adj. uncultivated phí v. to waste, to squander taøn adj. devastated, in ruins toaøng adj. extravagant vaéng adj. deserted vu adj. wild 1 adj. yellow (= vaøng); hoaøng baøo yellow imperial robe 2 n. phoenix 3 n. emperor; prince: Nhaät Hoaøng the Emperor of Japan; Anh Hoaøng the King of England; Nöõ Hoaøng Anh the Queen of England; baûo hoaøng monarchist; thaønh hoaøng tutelary god of a village; cöïu hoaøng former emperor hoaøng anh n. oriole hoaøng aân n. imperial favor hoaøng cung n. imperial palace hoaøng baøo n. imperial robe hoaøng ñaïo n. zodiac: ngaøy hoaøng ñaïo lucky day, auspicious day hoaøng ñeá n. emperor, king hoaøng gia n. royal family hoaøng giaùp n. doctor’s degree Hoaøng Haø n. the Yellow River Hoaøng Haûi n. the Yellow Sea hoaøng haäu n. queen, empress hoaøng hoân n. twilight, dusk, sunset hoaøng kim n. gold: thôøi ñaïi hoaøng kim the golden age hoaøng ngoïc n. topaz, yellow sapphire hoaøng oanh n. oriole hoaøng phaùi n. royal family hoaøng phuï n. the emperor’s father hoaøng thaùi haäu n. the queen mother hoaøng thaùi töû n. the crown prince hoaøng tinh n. arrow root hoaøng thaønh n. imperial city hoaøng thaân n. prince hoaøng thaát n. imperial family hoaøng thieân n. Heaven hoaøng thöôïng n. Sire; His Majesty hoaøng toäc n. imperial family hoaøng trieàu n. the reigning dynasty hoaøng töû n. prince hoaøng yeán n. canary [bird], serin hoaûng v. to be stupefied, to panic, to be awestruck: hoaûng hoát to be panic-stricken; hoaûng sôï to panic hoaønh n., adj. width, breath; transversal, horizontal (= ngang) [opp. tung] hoaønh caùch moâ n. diaphragm [in abdomen] hoang hoang hoang hoang hoang hoang hoang hoaøng 107 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hoaønh ñoà hoaønh ñoà n. drawing, draft, [detailed] map [of higher education building] hoïc baï n. student file, school record, school tung ñoä] hoïc boång n. scholarship: ñöôïc caáp hoïc boång hoaønh ñoä n. abscissa [as opp. to ordinate report hoaønh haønh v. to act in an overbearing man- to be awarded a scholarship ner, to be aggressively haughty or arrogant hoaønh phi n. carved board with Chinese inscription Hoaønh sôn n. Vietnamese Cordillera hoaønh taøi n. great talent hoaûnh adj. dry, tearless [of eyes]: raùo hoaûnh dry hoaïnh v. to scold, to criticize, to blame: hoaïnh hoeï to find fault with someone’s work hoaïnh taøi n. windfall, ill-gotten money hoaït adj., n. active, quick; living: sinh hoaït life/living hoaït aûnh n. moving pictures, motion pictures, movies hoaït baùt adj. vivaciuos, eloquent, active, brisk: ñi ñöùng hoaït baùt to have an active gait hoaït ñaàu adj. crooked hoaït ñoäng v., n. to be active; activity: hoaït ñoäng chính trò political activities; hoaït ñoäng xaõ hoäi social activities; hoaït ñoäng hoäi vieân active member hoaït hoaï n. animated cartoons hoaït keâ n., adj. humor; humorous hoaït keá n. livelihood hoaéc adv. very: thoái hoaéc to smell very bad hoaëc conj. or, either (= hay): hoaëc ñuùng hoaëc sai right or wrong hoaëc giaû adv. or, perhaps, if by any chance hoaém adv., adj. very; sunken deep: saâu hoaém very deep hoaüng n. deer hoaét adj. very sharp: nhoïn hoaét sharp-ended hoùc v. to stick, to have [bone, etc.] stuck in one’s throat hoùc buùa adj. difficult, tough: baøi toaùn hoùc buùa a very difficult mathematics problem hoùc hieåm adj. dangerous, perilous hoïc 1 v. to study, to learn: hoïc tieáng Vieät to learn Vietnamese; du hoïc to study abroad 2 n. study, subject: toaùn hoïc mathematics; vaät lyù hoïc physics; ngöõ hoïc linguistics; ñoäng vaät hoïc zoology; khoa hoïc science; tröôøng hoïc school; töï hoïc self-taught; hieáu hoïc studious; nieân hoïc school year, academic year; tieåu hoïc elementary [education], primary [education]; trung hoïc secondary [education]; ñaïi hoïc university [education], hoïc cheá n. educational system hoïc chính n. educational service hoïc cuï n. school equipment, teaching aid hoïc ñoøi v. to imitate, to follow, to copy hoïc ñöôøng n. school hoïc giaû n. scholar, learned man hoïc giôùi n. educational circles hoïc haønh v. to study [and to practice] hoïc hieäu n. school: Myõ Quoác Luïc Quaân Hoïc Hieäu U.S. Military Academy; Haûi Quaân Hoïc Hieäu Naval Academy hoïc hoûi v. to study, to learn, to educate oneself hoïc kyø n. term, semester, session hoïc loõm v. to learn merely by observing, to pick up something from someone löïc n. capacity, ability [of a student] moùt v. to imitate, to copy nieân n. school year, academic year phaùi n. school of thought phí n. tuition fees, school fees sinh n. student, pupil [primary and high schools]: nam hoïc sinh schoolboy; nöõ hoïc sinh schoolgirl hoïc taäp v. to study, to learn: hoïc taäp chính trò to study politics hoïc thuaät n. learning, education hoïc thuyeát n. doctrine, theory hoïc thöùc n. knowledge, learning: coù hoïc thöùc educated; voâ hoïc thöùc uneducated hoïc troø n. pupil, student, schoolboy, schoolgirl hoïc vaán n. instruction, education, learning hoïc vò n. academic title, degree hoïc vieän n. institute [of learning]: ñaïi hoïc vieän university hoïc vuï n. educational matters, educational affairs: bình daân hoïc vuï mass education hoïc xaù n. student hostel, dormitory, residence hall: ñaïi hoïc xaù university residence hall hoe adj. bright red, reddish hoeø n. sophora, japonica [botany] hoen adj. stained, spotted: hoen oá stained hoi adj. [of mutton] smelly: hoi söõa smelly milk hoùi adj. bald: hoùi ñaàu bald-head hoûi v. [SV vaán] to ask, to question, to inquire: caâu hoûi question; vaën hoûi to interrogate; hoûi cung to interrogate [defendant]; ñoøi hoûi to demand hoïc hoïc hoïc hoïc hoïc hoïc 108 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hoûi hoûi hoûi hoûi hoäc toác han v. to ask, to inquire möôïn v. to borrow nhoû v. to whisper a question thaêm v. to inquire about someone’s health, to send one’s regards to hoûi vay v. to borrow [money] hoûi vôï v. to ask for a girl’s hand in marriage hom hem adj. skinny, thin, gaunt, emaciated hoùm adj. [of child] mischievous: caäu beù hoùm ñoà adj. blurred, muddled, vague hôûi adj. cheerful, happy loâ n. bottlegourd, calabash ly n. fox nghi v. to doubt, to suspect quang n. arc of light [between incandes- cent electrodes] hoà sô n. file, docket, document: löu giöõ hoà sô to keep the files hænh a mischievous boy hoøm n. locker, trunk, coffer CL caùi, chieác (= röông) coffin; hoøm xe luggage-boot hoõm adj. [of cheeks, eyes, etc.] hollow; deep hoøn n. ball, stone: hoøn bi marble [children’s]; hoà hoà hoà hoà hoà hoà hoà taém n. swimming pool hoà tieâu n. black pepper hoå 1 n. tiger 2 v. to be ashamed, to feel shame: xaáu hoå/hoå theïn to be ashamed hoøn ñaù stone, piece of stone; hoøn ñaïn bullet; hoøn ñaát clod of earth; hoøn gaïch piece of brick; hoøn nuùi mountain; hoøn ngoïc precious stone; hoøn ñaûo island; hoøn maùu clot hong v. to dry [something] hoùng v. to get, to enjoy: ñi hoùng maùt to get fresh air hoøng v. to expect, to hope, to intend hoûng v. to break down, to be out of order, to fail: hoûng thi to fail an examination; hoûng beùt to be fouled up; hoûng maét to lose one’s eyesight hoïng n. throat, mouth: Caâm hoïng ñi! Shut up! hoùp adj. [of cheeks] hollow, sunken hoïp v. to gather, to meet, to convene, to assemble: hoäi hoïp/nhoùm hoïp to have a meeting; tuï hoïp to hold a meeting; khoaù hoïp session; phieân hoïp meeting hoïp maët v. to gather, to meet with others hoïp söùc v. to join forces, to unite hoùt 1 v. [of birds] to sing, to twitter 2 v. to shovel hoâ v. to cry out, to shout, to give military command: hoan hoâ to cheer, to acclaim; tri hoâ to shout [for help]; caùch xöng hoâ form of address hoâ haøo v. to call upon, to appeal to hoâ haáp v., n. to breathe; respiration hoâ hoaùn v. to yell, to shout hoá 1 n. big hole, foxhole, ditch: hoá veä sinh septic tank; saép xuoáng hoá to have one foot in the grave 2 v. to be made a fool of; to overpay [price]: hoà 1 n. lake, pool: bôø hoà lakeshore; hoà Hoaøn kieám Returned-Sword Lake 2 n. paste, gum, glue, starch, mortar to starch [shirts, etc.]: thôï hoà mason, bricklayer hoà caàm n. Chinese violin hoà ñieäp n. R butterfly (= böôm böôùm) hoå loán n. gallimaufry, mixed staff, meal ragout made of leftovers, stew of various ingredients, hodgepodge; medley hoå mang n. cobra: raén hoå mang cobra hoå phaùch n., adj. amber hoå theïn adj. to be ashamed, to feel embarrassed hoã trôï v. to help one another, to support hoã töông adj. mutual, reciprocal: Cô Quan An Toaøn Hoã Töông Mutual Security Agency hoä 1 v. to help, to assist, to aid in: baûo hoä protectorate; giaùm hoä trusteeship; phuø hoä [of deities] to assist, to protect 2 n. household 3 adj. civil: luaät hoä civil law hoä chieáu n. passport hoä giaù v. to escort a king hoä khaåu n. number of inhabitants, family registration hoä laïi n. village or county clerk hoä phaùp n. guardian spirit [in Buddhism], [Caodaist] Pope; giant, colossus hoä saûn n., adj. maternity, pertaining to childbirth: nghæ hoä saûn maternity leave hoä sinh v. to deliver a child: nhaø hoä sinh maternity hospital; nöõ hoä sinh midwife; Tröôøng Nöõ Hoä Sinh Quoác gia School of Midwifery hoä tang adj. mourning, grieving hoä thaân v. to protect oneself hoä tòch n. civil status, legal status hoä toáng v. to escort hoä veä v. to escort, to guard hoác n. hole, cave, hollow: hoác ñaù a hollow in the rocks hoác haùc adj. to be gaunt, emaciated hoäc 1 v. to vomit 2 n. drawer: ñeå hoà sô vaøo hoïc tuû to put documents into desk drawers hoäc toác adj. very fast, breathless: laøm vieäc hoäc toác cho xong baûn baùo caùo to work with- 109 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hoâi out stop in order to finish the report hoäi buoân n. commercial firm hoâi 1 adj., v. bad-smelling, smelly; to smell bad, hoäi chôï n. fair, show: hoäi chôï Teát Tet festival to stink: hoâi nhö cuù to smell like a skunk 2 v. to loot: hoâi cuûa sau vuï noå bom to loot after an explosion hoâi haùm v. to stink hoái 1 v. to repent, to regret, to be sorry 2 v. to urge, to press, to push hoái caûi v. to show repentance and the desire to change: khoan dung ñoái vôùi nhöõng ngöôøi bieát hoái caûi to be tolerant of those who showed repentance and the desire to change hoái ñoaùi n. exchange: sôû hoái ñoaùi exchange office hoái haû v. to urge, to press; to be in a hurry hoái haän v. to repent, to regret hoái loä v. to bribe: aên hoái loä to receive a bribe; vuï hoái loä bribery hoái thuùc v. to urge, to push hoái xuaát n. exchange rate hoài 1 n. moment, time, period; act [of a play], chapter [of a novel tieåu thuyeát]; round: moät hoài troáng a roll(ing) of the drum; hoài aáy, hoài ñoù at that time; hoài naøy these days 2 v. to return (= veà, traû laïi): hoài aâm to reply; phuïc hoài to restore; vaõn hoài to restore hoài aâm v. to reply, to respond hoài cö v. to come back to one’s home after an evacuation hoài ñaùp v. to answer, to reply Hoài giaùo n. Islam hoài hoäp adj. nervous, anxious hoài höông v. to return from abroad hoài höu v. to retire [from work] hoài kinh v. to come back to the capital hoài loan v. [of king] to return to the palace, to return from a trip hoài moân n. dowry hoài phuïc v. to recover Hoài Quoác n. Pakistan hoài sinh v. to restore to life: caûi töû hoài sinh to resuscitate hoài taâm v. to regret, to repent hoài tænh v. to regain consciousness, to come to normal hoài töôûng v. to recall, to reminisce [object preceded by ñeán/tôùi] hoäi 1 v. to gather, to meet 2 n. assembly; association, society; fete: hoäi giaùo chöùc teachers’ association; ngaøy hoäi festival day 3 n. opportunity, occasion, time: cô hoäi opportunity hoäi aùi höõu n. friendship society show hoäi ñaøm v., n. to negotiate; to confer; conference hoäi ñoàng n. meeting, council: Hoäi Ñoàng Baûo Coâng An Security Council; Hoäi Ñoàng Quaûn Thuùc Trusteeship Council; Hoäi Ñoàng Ñoâ thaønh municipal council; hoäi ñoàng gia toäc family council; Hoäi ñoàng Du hoïc Commission on Overseas Study hoäi heø n. festivals, feasts hoäi hoaï n. painting hoäi hoïp v. to gather, to meet: hoäi hoïp baùo chí press conference hoäi kieán v. to see, to interview, to meet officially hoäi kín n. secret society hoäi nghò n. conference, convention, meeting: Hoäi Nghò Töù Cöôøng Big Four Conference; Hoäi Nghò AÙ Phi Afro-Asian Conference hoäi hoäi hoäi hoäi hoäi hoäi hoäi ngoä v. to meet, to encounter, to re-unite quaùn n. headquarters [of society], club thaûo vui n. chat forum thaû tröôøng n. conference hall, lecture theater tröôûng n. president, chairman [of society] tuï v. to converge vieân n. member of a society/club: hoäi vieân danh döï honorary member; hoäi vieân hoaït ñoäng active member hoäi yù v. to have an exchange of ideas, to consult one’s opinions hoâm n. day, afternoon, evening: chieàu hoâm nay this afternoon; ngaøy hoâm nay today; hoâm qua yesterday; hoâm kia the day before yesterday; hoâm noï the other day; hoâm kìa three days ago; hoâm sau the next day; hoâm tröôùc the day before; the other day hoân hoân hoân hoân hoân hoân hoân hoân hoàn v. to kiss leã n. wedding ceremony meâ v. to be unconscious, to be in a coma nhaân n. marriage phoái n. marriage phu n. fiance thuù n. marriage certificate öôùc n. promise of marriage n. soul [of living or dead men] [as opp. to body xaùc]: taâm hoàn soul [of living man]; linh hoàn soul [of dead man]; coâ hoàn medium; kinh hoàn frightening hoàn nhieân adj. natural, innocent, spontaneous hoån heån adj. panting: thôû hoån heån to be panting 110 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hôïp hoãn adj. impolite, insolent, ill-mannered, rude hô v. to dry over a fire, to heat over a fire hoãn chieán v. to engage in a dog-fight brawl, to hô hôù adj. [of girl] to be young, in the glow of fight free for all juvenile beauty hoãn ñoän adj. disorderly, chaotic hoãn haøo adj. impolite, rude hoãn hôïp v., adj. [of committee or commission] hôù v. to pay too much for a piece of merchandise; to blunder hôù heânh adj. careless, tactless to join, to mix; joint, mixed: uyû ban hoån hôïp a hôø adj. not close, not secure: baïn hôø no close joint committee laùo adj. impolite, rude loaïn adj. disorderly, chaotic mang adj. chaotic, misty taïp adj. to be helter skelter, pellmell, mishmash hoãn xöôïc adj. impolite, rude hoâng n. hip, haunch hoáng haùch adj. [of official] to show one’s power, to be arrogant hoàng 1 adj. rose, pink, rosy 2 n. wild goose 3 n. persimmon CL quaû, traùi Hoàng Haûi n. Red Sea hoàng haøo adj. rosy, ruddy hoàng hoäc adj. panting hoàng huyeát caàu n. red corpuscle, red cell Hoàng Koâng n. Hong Kong hoàng laâu n. house of prostitution hoàng ngoaïi n. infra-red: hoàng ngoaïi tuyeán infra-red rays Hoàng Mao n. British, English(man) hoàng nhan n. beautiful woman hoàng phuùc n. great happiness Hoàng quaân n. Red Army hoàng quaàn n. woman Hoàng Thaäp Töï n. Red Cross hoàng thuyû n. deluge, flood hoàng y n. red robe [worn by cardinals]: Ñöùc Hoàng y Giaùo chuû the Cardinal hoång adj. hollow, having gaps: loã hoång hole/gap hoäp n. box, carton, case, can: hoäp dieâm a box of matches, hoäp nöõ trang jewelry case; ñoà hoäp canned food; caù hoäp canned fish; söõa hoäp canned milk hoäp ñeâm n. nightclub hoäp queït n. box of matches hoäp soá n. gear-box hoäp thö n. letter box hoát v. to gather, to rake in, to scoop up hoát hoaûng v. to get excited, to panic hoät n. (= haït) grain; stone, seed; kernel; drop [of rain möa]: hoät sen [fresh] lotus seed; hoät luùa gioáng rice seed hoät xoaøn n. diamond: tieäm baùn hoät xoaøn a diamond dealer’s shop hoãn hoãn hoãn hoãn friend hôø höõng adj. negligent, indifferent, halfhearted hôû adj. opened, uncovered, leaked: ñeå hôû cöûa to leave the door opened; aùo hôû vai decollete hôû hang adj. scanty hôû moâi v. to open one’s mouth, to speak up hôû raêng v. to open one’s mouth, to speak up hôi 1 n. [VS khí] steam; breath; vapor, gas, air; odor: ñaùnh hôi to scent; bay hôi, ñi hôi to evaporate; boác hôi to vaporize; caàm hôi to hold one’s breath; heát hôi out of breath; uoáng moät hôi to drink in one gulp; thôû hôi cuoái cuøng to breathe one’s last; xe hôi automobile 2 adv. slightly, somewhat, a little, a bit, rather [precedes verb] hôi ñaâu (maø) adv. What is the use of? hôi men n. [smell of] alcohol hôi ngaït n. asphyxiating gas hôi söùc n. force, strength hôi thôû n. breath: hôi thôû cuoái cuøng one’s last breath hôøi adj. inexpensive, cheap hôûi adj. satisfied hôõi intj. [exclamation used in formal address before second person pronoun] hôõi oâi! intj. Alas! hôïm adj. to be haughty, arrogant, conceited hôïm hónh adj. supercilious hôn adj. [opp. keùm] more, more advantageous than; surpassed, outdone; to have more than, more than: toát hôn better than; ñeïp hôn more beautiful than hôn nöõa adv. furthermore hôn thieät n. pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages hôùn hôû v. to be cheerful, to be in a good mood, to be in good spirits hôøn v. [of a child] to cry, to be fussy, to throw a tantrum; to hold a grudge, to complain, to grumble hôøn giaän v. to sulk, to be angry hôøn caêm v. to hate hôùp v. to sip, to snap up hôïp v. [hieäp] to unite, to be united, [opp. tan]; 111 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hôïp ca to be suitable, to be conformable, to go together: Lieân hôïp Quoác the United Nations; hoãp hôïp mixed, joint; phuø hôïp in conformity with; toång hôïp synthesis hôïp ca v. to sing together in a chorus: ñoaøn hôïp ca choir hôïp caùch adj. appropriate, adequate, right way hôïp caån n. wedding feast [the bride and bridegroom share the wine cup] hôïp chaát n. compound Hôïp Chuûng Quoác Hoa Kyø n. the United States of America hôïp ñoàng n. contract: kyù hôïp ñoàng to sign the contract hôïp kim n. alloy hôïp leõ adj. reasonable, logical, sensible, rational hôïp leä adj. orderly, regular hôïp löïc v. to join forces hôïp lyù adj. rational, reasonable, logical, sensible hôïp lyù hoaù v. to rationalize hôïp nhaát v. to unite, to unify; to be united, to merge hôïp phaùp adj. legal, lawful: baát hôïp phaùp illegal hôïp quaàn v. to unite hôïp taùc v. to co-operate: hôïp taùc laøm vieäc vôùi ai to co-operate by working together hôïp taùc xaõ n. co-operative hôïp taáu n. chorus, concert hôïp thôøi adj. timely, fashionable, opportune hôïp thöùc adj. proper, appropriate, suitable hôïp tính adj. compatible hôùt v. to cut off small bits, to skim, to remove [scum]; to tattle hôùt toùc v. to have or give a hair cut hôùt ha hôùt haõi adj. in a hurry, panic-stricken hôùt leûo adj. to be an informer hu hu v. to cry or to weep noisily huù v. to call out to huù hí v. to enjoy oneself [with wife and children] huù hoaï adv. by accident; haphazardly huù hoàn v. to call back a soul huù tim n. hide and seek huù vía! intj. Phew! a narrow escape huû adj. old-fashioned, outmoded: coå huû oldfashioned huû baïi adj. corrupt, degenerate: baøi tröø phong tuïc huû baïi to abolish degenerate customs huû laäu adj. old-fashioned, outmoded, backward huû nho n. old-fashioned scholar huû tuïc n. outmoded traditions or customs huõ n. jar: huõ möùt a jar of jam huøa v. to follow, to go along: huøa theo baïn beø to follow friends huaân chöông n. medal: huaân chöông vaên hoaù giaùo duïc medal for educational and cultural services huaân coâng n. merit huaân töôùc n. title, honor huaán v. to teach, to instruct: giaùo huaán/giaûng huaán to teach huaán huaán huaán huaán duï v. to teach, to advise ñaïo n. educational officer leänh n. instructions, order luyeän v. to train, to coach, to teach: huaán luyeän coâng nhaân to train workers huaán luyeän vieân n. training officer huaán töø n. speech [by the President or a Secretary of State] huùc v. to butt, to hit, to collide huïc haëc v. to quarrel, to nag hueâ n. See hoa hueâ lôïi n. yield, income Hueá n. Hue city [in centeral part of Vietnam] hueà v. See hoaø hueä n. lily: hoa hueä lily flower hueách hoaùc adj. wide, opened, gaping hueânh hoang v., adj. to be showy, to brag; bombastic huùi v. to clip, to cut one’s hair huûi n. leprosy: ngöôøi huûi a leper (= cuøi); beänh huûi leprosy; traïi huûi leper colony huïi n. See hoäi hum huùp adj. swollen huøm n. tiger: hang huøm tiger’s lair huïm n. a gulp, a drink: huïm nöôùc a gulp of water hun v. See hoân hun ñuùc v. to forge, to form, to train huøn v. to contribute [money, share] in an investment: huøn voán môû tieäm aên to contribute the capital to open a restaurant hung 1 adj. [of hair, etc.] reddish 2 adj. mad, furious, ferocious, violent hung aùc adj. cruel, wicked hung baïo adj. cruel, wicked hung döõ adj. to be fierce-looking hung haõn adj. to be aggressive, violent hung haêng adj. to be aggressive, violent, reckless; impetuous Hung Gia Lôïi n. Hungary, Hungarian hung phaïm n. murderer, assassin, killer, criminal 112 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hung hung hung hung hung huùng huøng hö taøn adj. cruel, brutal thaàn n. evil spirit thuû n. murderer, assassin, killer, criminal tín n. bad news tôïn adj. savage n. mint leaves adj. brave, strong, powerful: anh huîch n. thud, whack [noise of heavy thing falling down] huyeân naùo adj. noisy, bustling, uproarious huyeân thieân v. to talk big, to brag, to boast huyeàn 1 n. mark or symbol for low falling tone: daáu huyeàn falling tone marker, grave accent 2 adj. jet; black: chuoåi haït huyeàn a jet necklace; maét huyeàn black eyes 3 n. R string [of a musical instrument]: ñaøn ñoäc huyeàn mono- huøng hero huøng bieän adj. eloquent: taøi huøng bieän eloquence huøng huøng huøng huøng huøng huøng huøng cöôøng adj. strong, powerful duõng adj. brave, martial haäu adj. [of forces] strong, powerful hoaøng n. red arsenic hoå adj. violent, vehement, aggressive hoàn adj. eloquent, forceful traùng adj. strong, mighty, magnanimous, grand, grandiose huøng vó adj. great, imposing, grandiose huoáng adv. all the more reason for, even more chord, Vietnamese one-stringed instrument huyeàn aûo adj. illusory, fanciful: moät caûnh huyeàn aûo a fanciful scenery huyeàn bí adj. mysterious, occult huyeàn chöùc v. to suspend position [an official] huyeàn dieäu adj. abstruse, mysterious, marvelous, wonderful huyeàn hoaëc adj. fantastic, fabulous, legendary huyeàn vi adj. mysterious, subtle, delicate huyeän n. (= quaän) district: tri huyeän chief of district huyeän ñöôøng n. yamen, office of district chief huoáng chi adv. let alone, not to mention, much huyeän lî n. district city, county capital less huyeän tröôûng n. district chief huoáng hoà adv. much less, let alone, not to huyeát n. blood (= maùu): löu huyeát bloodso shed; baïch huyeát lymph; hoaïi huyeát scurvy; thoå huyeát to vomit blood; nhieät huyeát enthu2 adj. swollen: maù söng huùp to have a swolsiasm; baêng huyeát hemorrhage len cheek huyeát aùp n. blood pressure huïp v. to dive, to plunge, to disappear under huyeát baïch n. leucorrhea huyeát caàu n. blood corpuscle, blood cell the water huùt v. to suck, to inhale, to smoke, to vacuum: huyeát caàu toá n. hemoglobin Caám huùt thuoác! No smoking!; huùt buïi to huyeát chieán n. bloody battle vacuum a place huyeát khí n. energy, constitution huït adj. to be lacking, short: thieáu huït in deficit; huyeát maïch n. pulse; vital thing baét huït to fall to catch; cheát huït to escape huyeát nhuïc n. consanguinity kinship death very narrowly huyeát quaûn n. blood vessel huy chöông n. medal huyeát thanh n. serum huy ñoäng v. to mobilize huyeát thanh hoïc n. serology huy hieäu n. name, badge huyeát thoáng n. blood, descent, parentage, huy hoaøng adj. splendid, radiant, resplendent kinship huyù n. tabooed name, forbidden name [to avoid huyeát töông n. plasma huyeät 1 n. grave; cave, hole: ñaøo huyeät to dig mentioning names of elders, words similar to a grave; haï huyeät to lower a coffin into a grave or homonymous with unlucky words]: teân huyù tabooed name 2 n. vital point in the human body [Chinese huyù nhaät n. anniversary of death boxing and medicine] huyû v. to destroy, to cancel: phaù huyû/tieâu huyû huynh n. elder brother (= anh): phuï huynh to destroy; thieâu huyû to burn so as to destroy parents [of students]; gia huynh my elder brother huyû boû v. to cancel, to abolish: huyû boû kyø thi vaán ñaùp to abolish the oral examination; huyû huynh tröôûng n. eldest son boû taøi lieäu maät to destroy secret documents huyønh n. firefly, glow worm (= ñom ñoùm) huyû hoaïi v. to destroy, to demolish huyùt v. to whistle: huyùt saùo to whistle huyùch v. to push, to shove hö adj. decayed, rotten, spoiled (= hoûng); mention huùp 1 v. to slurp, to suck in [soup, rice gruel] 113 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH hö danh out of order, damaged; [of children] naughty, spoiled, unruly, ill-bred; false [opp. thöïc]: nhaø bò hö damaged house hö danh n. vainglory, empty fame, vanity of fame hö hoaïi adj. spoiled, injured, damaged hö hoûng v., adj. to break down, to fail; to be out of order, to be spoiled hö khoâng adj. vain, nil hö soá n. abstract number hö vò n. nominal position hö voâ adj. nothing: coõi hö voâ nothingness höø intj. Huh! Hum! höùa v. to promise, to vow: lôøi höùa promise, vow; giöõ lôøi höùa to keep one’s promise höùa haûo n. empty promise höùa heïn v. to promise höùa hoân v. to betroth, to engage höng adj. R flourishing, thriving; prosperous [opp. pheá]: chaán höng to develop, to render prosperous; phuïc höng renaissance höng binh v. to raise troops höng khôûi v. to prosper, to thrive höng quoác v. to foster the country, to build the nation höng thònh n. prosperity höng vong n. ups and downs höùng 1 v. to catch [something falling] 2 n. interest, inspiration, enthusiasm: laøm vieäc tuyø höùng to work only when one has a feeling of enthusiasm höùng thuù adj. interested, interesting höûng v. [of day] to break, [of sun] to be coming out: trôøi höûng saùng daylight breaks höõng hôø adj. cold and indifferent höông n. perfume, fragrance, incense: neùn höông incense stick, joss stick; bình höông, lö höông incense burner höông aùn n. altar höông aåm n. village feast Höông Caûng n. Hong Kong höông chính n. village administration höông chöùc n. village authorities Höông Giang n. Perfume River [in Hue] höông hoa n. offerings [incense and flowers] höông hoaû n. inheritance höông hoàn n. soul [of dead person] höông khoùi n. ancestral cult, ancestor worship höông sö n. village teacher höông thí n. regional examination höông thoân n. village, hamlet höông tröôûng n. village chief höông vò n. taste, flavor höôùng n., v. direction; to face, to be directed: phöông höôùng directions; ñònh höôùng set course; chí höôùng ambition, aspiration höôùng daãn v. to guide, to lead höôùng döông n. sunflower höôùng ñaïo n. guide; boy scout höôùng ñaïo sinh n. boy scout höôùng taâm adj. [of a force] centripetal höôøng adj. See hoàng höôûng v. to enjoy [a condition in life]; to receive höôûng thoï v. to die at the age of höôûng thuï v. to enjoy: höôûng thuï ñôøi soáng to enjoy life höôûng öùng v. to respond [to], to answer, to support: höôûng öùng lôøi keâu goïi cuûa nghieäp ñoaøn to respond favorably to the union’s appeal höôu n. stag, roe deer: söøng höôu deer antler höôu vöôïn n. idle talk, humbug höu v. R to rest, to stop working, to retire: veà höu, hoài höu to retire höu boång n. retirement pension höu chieán n. cessation of hostilities, truce, armistice höu trí v. to retire from employment höõu 1 v. to have, to own; R there is/are (= coù): quyeàn sôû höõu ownership; quyeàn tö höõu private ownership; quoác höõu hoaù to nationalize 2 n. friend (= baïn): baïn höõu/baèng höõu friend; traän ñaáu giao höõu friendship match 3 adj. right, right hand side (= phaûi, maët): beân höõu to the right; cöïc höõu extreme right; thieân höõu rightist; taû höõu left and right höõu cô adj. organic: hoaù hoïc höõu cô organic chemistry höõu danh adj. famous, well-known höõu duïng adj. useful höõu duyeân adj. lucky, compatible, favorable höõu haïn adj. limited: coâng ty höõu haïn company limited (Ltd) höõu hieäu adj. efficient, effective höõu hình adj. visible, concrete, tangible, material höõu ích adj. useful höõu ngaïn n. right bank [of river] höõu nghò adj., n. friendly; friendship: hieäp hoäi höõu nghò friendship society höõu saûn adj., v. wealthy; to own property höõu tình adj. lovely, charming höõu yù adj., adv. intentional; intentionally [opp. voâ tình] 114 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH keøm hy höõu adj. rare Hy Laïp n. Greece, Greek hy sinh v. to sacrifice [oneself] hy voïng v. to hope hyù hoaï n. cartoon, caricature hyù kòch n. comedy hyù tröôøng n. theater hyù vieän n. theater hyû adj. glad, happy: giaáy baùo hyû wedding inh tai adj. deafening ình v. to swell ít adj. little, small quantity; to be or have little/ few; there is little; there are few; to act to a small degree [second verb in series]; to act only rarely [first verb in series]: ít noùi to be taciturn; chuùt ít a little, a few ít khi adj., adv. rare; seldom ít laâu n. a little while ít nhaát adv. at least ít nhieàu adj. a little, some, a few ít nöõa adj. at least; in a while; more ít oûi adj. in a small quantity ít ra adj. at least, to say the least æu adj. doughy, soggy æu xìu adj., n. gloomy; dampened spirits announcement hyû tín n. good news [about marriage or childbirth] hyùt roâ n. [Fr. hydrogene] hydrogen I i tôø v. i and t; first lesson of an anti-illiteracy textbook, to have just begun to learn how to read and write ì v. to be motionless; to be inert, to be stubborn, to be obstinate ì aø ì aïch adv. strenuously: khieâng caùi tuùi ì aø ì aïch to carry a bag strenuously ì aïch adv. with difficulty, strenuously æa v. to go to the bathroom, to empty one’s bowels æa chaûy v. to have diarrhea æa ñaùi v. to make a mess, to empty one’s bowels æa ñuøn v. [of child] to dirty one’s diaper or pants ích v. to have profit, to use, to be profitable, to be useful: höõu ích/coù ích to be useful; voâ ích useless ích kyû adj. selfish ích lôïi adj. profitable, useful im adj. silent, quiet, still, calm: im hôi laëng tieáng to keep quiet im baët v. to become completely silent im laëng adj. silent, quiet: Im laëng! Silence please! im lìm adj. quiet: ngoâi nhaø im lìm a quiet house im moàm v. to shut up, to shut one’s mouth im nhö tôø adj. very quiet im phaêng phaéc adv. absolute noiselessly in 1 v. [SV aán] to print: maùy in printing machine, press; nhaø in printing house; thôï in printer 2 v. to engrave: in vaøo trí oùc to engrave something on one’s mind 3 adj. to be as alike as two peas in ít adj. little inh adj. noisy, boisterous inh oûi adj. noisy, loud, strident K ka ki n. khaki, a type of fabric ka li n. potassium ke 1 n. [Fr. quai] quay, dwarf, dock railroad tracks 2 n. [Fr. équerre] square ruler keù 1 v. to put one’s money with, to make a small side-bet [jointly with a gambler] 2 v. to squeeze in: ñi keù xe to squeeze in for a lift 3 n. cocklebur keø keø adj. close by, side by side keø nheø adj. [of voice] insistent: noùi keø nheø to speak in an insistently low voice keû 1 n. individual, person, man [cf. ngöôøi] 2 v. to draw [a line]: keû moät ñöôøng thaúng to draw a straight line; thöôùc keû ruler; giaáy keû roài lined paper keû caû adj. elder, senior keû chôï n. city people; city [old term] keû cöôùp n. robber keû khoù n. the poor keû thuø n. enemy, foe keû troäm n. burglar keõ n. crack, interstice, gap, crevice: keõ hôû gap keùc n. parrot kem n. [Fr. creme] ice cream; beauty cream: kem boán maøu four color ice-cream; kem ñaùnh giaày shoe polish; kem ly/coác ice-cream served in glasses; kem caây ice-cream on a stick keùm adj. [opp. hôn] less [advantageous, profitable, etc.]; weak, fewer, less than: ba giôø keùm naêm five to three [2:55]; maét keùm [to have] poor eyesight keøm 1 v. to go along with, to guide and guard: 115 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH keøm nheøm ñi keøm to send along 2 v. to enclose; keøm theo ñaây enclosed herewith keøm nheøm adj. bleary-eyed keõm n. zinc: baûn keõm zinc block, plate keùn 1 n. cocoon 2 v. to select, to choose (= choïn): keùn caù choïn canh to pick and choose, choosy keøn n. trumpet, bugle, clarinet, saxophone: thoåi keøn to play one of these wind instruments; khoâng keøn khoâng troáng without fanfare keøn cöïa adj. jealous, envious keøn keït v. to creak keng n. cling clang keûng 1 adj. smart, chic 2 n. make-shift gong keo 1 n. gelatin, glue 2 n. round [fighting]: vaät nhau ba keo to wrestle three rounds 3 adj. stingy, parsimonious: keo baån/keo cuù, keo kieät mean, stingy keo sôn adj. [of friendship] close, long-lasting: tình baïn keo sôn long-lasting friendship keùo 1 n. pair of scissors 2 v. to pull, to drag: keùo côø to hoist the flag; keùo buoàm to trice up a sail; keùo ñaøn vó caàm to play the violin keùo beø v. to form a gang, to gang up, to form a party keùo caùnh v. to form a gang, to gang up, to gather into a faction keùo co n. tug of war keùo daøi v. to stretch, to lengthen, to drag on/ out: keùo daøi coâng vieäc to prolong a piece of work keùo laïi v. to recover, to make up keùo leâ v. to trail, to drag keøo n. rafter keûo conj. or else, because, or otherwise, lest keõo keït adj. sound of a creaking door or wheels keïo 1 adj. stingy, tightfisted, close-fisted 2 n. candy keïo boâng n. cotton candy keïo cao su n. chewing gum keïo chanh n. lemon candy keùp 1 n. actor, comedian 2 adj. double, twofold; of two thicknesses: aùo keùp lined coat keïp v. to press, to squeeze keùt n. [Fr. caisse] safe; cashier’s desk; case, carton [of beer, etc.]: keùt saét safe; moät keùt bia a carton of beer keït v. to be caught, to be pinched; to stick keâ 1 n. millet 2 n. cock, chicken (= gaø) 3 v. to list, to mention, to declare: keâ khai haøng hoaù mang theo to declare goods; lieät keâ danh saùch ngöôøi tham döï to list the names of participants 4 v. to wedge up; to put, to arrange [furniture]: keâ baøn gheá trong nhaø to arrange furniture in the house keâ cöùu v. to study, to examine [for reference] keâ gian v. to declare dishonestly keâ khai v. to declare, to list keá 1 n. ruse, scheme, stratagem, trick: con ngöôøi nhieàu möu keá to have many tricks up one’s sleeve 2 conj. then, after that: keá ñoù after that keá caän adj. neighboring, next, adjacent: keá caän nhaø toâi next to my house keá chaân v. to succeed, to replace somebody keá hoaïch n. plan, project, strategy keá maãu n. stepmother keá nghieäp v. to take over [a business] keá phuï n. stepfather keá thaát n. second wife keá thöøa v. to inherit keá tieáp v. to continue, to succeed keá toaùn n. accountant, bookkeeper keá tuïc v. to continue, to follow keá töï n. heir keá vò v. to succeed keà adj. next, close to: ngoài keà ai to sit next to someone keå v. to relate, to narrate, to tell [a story], to mention, to enumerate, to cite [facts, figures]: nhö vöøa keå treân as abovementioned; khoâng keå not to mention, not to speak of; khoâng ñaùng keå minor, not worth mentioning; khoâng keå xieát numerous keå leå v. to tell stories, to talk on and on keä 1 v. to leave alone, to pay no attention to: maëc keä to ignore, to leave someone alone; keä thaây noù to leave him alone 2 n. shelf: keä saùch bookshelf 3 n. Buddhist prayer-book keách xuø adj. [of amount] huge, bulky, colossal keäch v. to make sure not to do [something], to be afraid of [somebody] keäch adj. coarse, rude: queâ keäch, thoâ keäch boorish, unrefined keàn n. [Fr. nickel] nickel: maï keàn to nickel plate keânh 1 n. (= kinh) canal: keânh Suez the Suez Canal 2 adj. warped, not level keânh kieäu v. to put on airs, to give oneself airs, arrogant keành v. to lie flat, to sprawl: ngaõ keành ra to fall flat keành caøng adj. encumbering, cumbersome keát 1 v. to fasten together, to tie in knots; to be 116 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH khai hoaû bound together: keát baïn to make friends; keát khaû aùi adj. lovely, lovable ñoaøn to unite, to get in a group 2 v. to end, to khaû dó adj. able, possible conclude, to wind up khaû naêng n. ability, capability: khaû naêng laøm moät ngoâi nhaø the structure of a house khaû nghi adj. suspicious khaû quan adj. good, favorable, satisfactory: vieäc working ability keát aùn v. to condemn, to convict, to sentence keát caáu n. structure, composition: keát caáu keát cuïc n. conclusion, final outcome keát quaû khaû quan a satisfactory result keát duyeân v. to get married [vôùi to] khaùc adj., adv. other, different; else; unlike: hai nöôùc khaùc two other countries; moät choã naøo keát ñoâi v. to get married khaùc somewhere else; moät ngöôøi naøo khaùc keát hoân v. to get married, to marry keát hôïp v. to combine, to co-ordinate: keát hôïp someone else; moät caùi gì khaùc something lyù thuyeát vaø thöïc haønh to combine theory and practice keát lieãu v. to come to an end, to finish keát luaän v., n. to conclude; conclusion keát löïc n. cohesion, force of cohesion keát moâ n. conjunctiva [anatomy] keát naïp v. to admit to: keát naïp vaøo ñaûng to admit somebody to the party keát nghóa v. to join a brotherhood; to get married keát quaû n. result, outcome keát thuùc v. to end, to conclude, to come to an end keát tinh v. to crystallize keát toaùn v. to draw a final balance-sheet, to make up accounts keát toäi v. to accuse, to charge keát traøng n. colon [anatomy]: keát traøng leân ascending colon; keát traøng ngang transverse colon; keát traøng xuoáng descending colon keát tuï v. to conglomerate, to agglomerate keát tuûa v. to precipitate; to be precipitated [a substance] keâu v. to shout; to call [for], to summon, to order [food]; to complain; to ring, to make noise keâu ca v. to complain, to grumble keâu cöùu v. to cry for help keâu gaøo v. to cry out for, to call upon keâu goïi v. to appeal [to], to call [upon] keâu la v. to shout, to yell, to scream keâu naøi v. to insist, to beseech, to entreat keâu oan v. to base one’s case on unjust suffering, to protest one’s innocence keâu van v. to beseech, to entreat, to implore keàu v. to pull with a stick kha khaù adj., adv. better; fairly, rather Kha Luaân Boá n. Christopher Columbus khaù adj. rather good, pretty good; be better; [in health] rather well khaù giaû adj. well off, rich else khaùc bieät adj. different: khaùc bieät quan ñieåm different points of view khaùc thöôøng adj. unusual; extraordinary, exceptional khaùc xa adj. completely different, quite different khaïc v. to spit: khaïc nhoå to spit khaùch n. guest, visitor: khaùch nöôùc ngoaøi for- eign visitor; khaùch haøng customer; ñaát khaùch foreign land; tieáp khaùch to receive visitors; ñaõi khaùch to entertain; aên côm khaùch to be invited to dinner; chính khaùch political figure; haønh khaùch passenger; du khaùch, löõ khaùch traveler, tourist; ñaét khaùch to have many customers, to be in great demand khaùch haøng n. customer khaùch khöùa n. guests, visitors khaùch qua ñöôøng n. passerby, stranger khaùch quan adj. objective: nhaän xeùt khaùch quan objective observation khaùch saïn n. hotel: khaùch saïn haïng sang luxury hotel khaùch saùo adj. formal khaùch theå n. object: chuû theå vaø khaùch theå subject and object khai 1 v. to declare, to state, to testify: lôøi khai declaration, statement, testimony 2 adj. [of urine] urine-smelling 3 v. to open (= môû), to dredge up: khai tröôøng to re-open school khai baùo v. to declare, to inform the authorities khai buùt v. to write one’s first essay [on New Year’s day] khai chieán v. to declare war khai dieãn v. to start the performance khai giaûng v. to begin a new academic year khai haï v. to start the celebrations khai haán v. to start the hostilities khai hoa v. to bloom, to blossom khai hoaù v. to civilize khai hoaû v. to open fire 117 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH khai hoang khai hoang v. to reclaim wasteland, to culti- khaùn giaû n. onlooker, spectator, audience [of vate new land khai hoäi v. to open a meeting/festival khai huyeät v. to dig a grave khai khaån v. to clear land, to break new ground khai maïc v. [of conference] to open: khai maïc buoåi hoïp to open a meeting khai moû v. to mine khai phaù v. to clear land, to discover khai quaät v. to exhume, to disinter khai quoác v. to found a nation, to build an empire khai saùng v. to found khai sinh v. to register a birth, to declare a childbirth: giaáy khai sinh birth certificate khai thaùc v. to exploit land/resources khai thoâng v. to clear, to free something of obstruction khai trieån v. to develop: khai trieån keá hoaïch to develop a plan khai tröø v. to expel, to purge [a party member] khai tröông v. to open a business, to open a shop khai tröôøng n. first day of school khai töû v. to declare a death khai vò n. entree, aperitif khaùi luaän n. summary, outline khaùi löôïc n. summary khaùi nieäm n. general idea, concept, notion khaùi quaùt adj. general, generalized khaùi quaùt hoaù v. to generalize khaûi hoaøn n. triumphal return khaûi hoaøn moân n. Arch de Triumph [in Paris] kham v. to endure, to bear, to suffer: baát kham unendurable; khoâng kham noåi vieäc naëng nhoïc to be unable to endure heavy work kham khoå adj. [of life] hard, austere khaùm 1 v. to search [man, pocket, house, etc.], to examine, to check [organ, patient]: khaùm söùc khoeû, khaùm beänh to check one’s health, to check up 2 n. jail, prison khaùm ñöôøng n. prison, jail khaùm nghieäm v. to examine, to investigate khaùm phaù v. to discover [secret, plot] khaùm xeùt v. to examine, to investigate, to check khaûm v. to inlay [with metal or pearl shells] khan adj. dry, scare, rare: khan coå, khan tieáng hoarse [throat] khan hieám n., adj. shortage; rare: khan hieám thöïc phaåm a food shortage khaùn ñaøi n. stand, grand-stand play, show] khaùn hoä n. male nurse, hospital aid: nöõ khaùn hoä nurse khaøn adj. hoarse khaûn v. to become hoarse: khaûn tieáng hoarse voice khang an adj. healthy, safe and sound khang cöôøng adj. vigorously strong khang ninh adj. healthy, safe khang trang adj. spacious and beautiful: nhaø cöûa khang trang a beautiful, spacious house khaùng aùn v. to appeal [a sentence] khaùng caùo v. to appeal khaùng chieán v., n. to resist; resistance: quaân khaùng chieán resistance army khaùng cöï v. to resist, to offer resistance khaùng ñieäp n. [note of] protest message khaùng ñoäc adj. antitoxic khaùng ñoäc toá n. antitoxin khaùng sinh n. antibiotic khaûng khaùi adj. indomitable, proud, chivalrous khanh n. you [used by ruler to official]; highranking official khanh khaùch adj., n. peeling; burst of laughter khanh töôùng n. cabinet minister khaùnh n. stone gong, silver/gold stone gong khaùnh haï v. to celebrate khaùnh kieät v. [of finances] to be all spent, to be completely lost khaùnh thaønh v. to inaugurate [program, building]: khaùnh thaønh vaän ñoäng tröôøng quoác gia to inaugurate the national stadium khaùnh tieát n. festival, entertainment, protocol khaûnh adj. to be delicate, dainty: maûnh khaûnh thin, slender, slim khaûnh aên adj. dainty, to eat little khao v. to celebrate [victory, success in exam]; to give a feast, to treat someone with food: khao baïn moät chaàu côm ñaëc saûn to treat friends to a seafood dinner khao binh v. to give a banquet to soldiers under one’s command khao khaùt v. to thirst for, to crave for khao thöôûng v. to reward [with victuals, bonus] khao voïng v. to celebrate [promotion, success in exam], to give a feast khaûo 1 v. to torture to get information: tra khaûo to investigate by torture; khaûo tieàn to request for money 2 v. to do research; to examine, to test [students]: khaûo thí to test, to examine; giaùm khaûo examiner 3 v. to shop 118 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH khaáu around in order to get an idea of prices: khaûo giaù to check the price khaûo coå v. to study archeology khaûo cöùu v. to study, to investigate, to do research: khaûo cöùu veà söï thay ñoåi xaõ hoäi to do research on social changes khaûo haïch v. to test [for school, law court] khaûo saùt v. to examine, to investigate, to do research khaûo thí v. to examine khaùt v. to be thirsty: khaùt nöôùc to be thirsty; giaûi khaùt to quench one’s thirst; ñoà giaûi khaùt refreshments, drinks khaùt maùu adj. blood-thirsty khaùt voïng v. to hope for, to yearn for, to thirst after khaùu adj. [of child] good-looking, pretty, cute khay n. tray: khay traø tea tray khaéc 1 v. to carve, to engrave: coù khaéc chöõ kyù with an engraved signature; baûn khaéc zinc plate 2 n. quarter of an hour; two-hour period: hai giôø moät khaéc two and a quarter hours; khoaûnh khaéc short time khaéc coát v. to remember for ever khaéc khoaûi adj. worried, anxious khaéc khoå adj. harsh, austere: soáng moät ñôøi soáng khaéc khoå to live a harsh life khaéc kyû v. to be self-controlled khaéc nghieät adj. severe, stern, strict: khí haäu khaéc nghieät severe climate khaéc phuïc v. to subdue, to overcome [difficulties] khaêm adj. nasty, fetid, smelling like rotten fish: chôi khaêm ai to play a nasty trick on someone khaên n. towel; napkin; handkerchief, kerchief; turban [with quaán, vaán to wind around one’s hand]: duøng khaên aên to use a napkin khaên aùo n. clothes, clothing khaên baøn n. table cloth khaên chuøi moàm n. napkin, handkerchief khaên goùi n. bundle, pack khaên lau n. wash-cloth khaên maët n. towel khaên muøi soa n. handkerchief khaên quaøng n. scarf, muffler khaên tang n. mourning turban khaên tay n. handkerchief khaên taém n. bath towel khaên traéng n. white mourning head-band khaên vuoâng n. scarf khaên xeáp n. ready-to-wear turban khaêng khaêng khaêng khaúng n. game of sticks khaêng adj. persistent khít adj. attached, devoted adj. thin, skinny: gaày khaúng kheo skinny khaúng thin; khaúng ñònh v., adj. to confirm; affirmative [as opp. to negative phuû ñònh] khaép adv. all over [places], every, everywhere: khaép moïi nôi everywhere khaét khe adj. stern, austere, strict khaác n. notch, nick khaâm lieäm v. to shroud, to dress a corpse khaâm maïng n. the king’s order; imperial order khaâm phuïc v. to admire [and respect]: khaâm phuïc ai to admire someone khaâm sai n. imperial envoy, viceroy khaán v. to pray: khaán trôøi Phaät to pray to Buddha khaán vaùi v. to kowtow and pray khaån v., adv. R to be earnest; earnestly: khaån thieát, thaønh khaån to beseech, to entreat; khaån khoaûn to implore khaån adj. urgent, pressing: khaån baùo to inform urgently khaån caáp adj. urgent, pressing: yeâu caàu khaån caáp urgent request khaån caàu v. to beseech: khaån caàu söï trôï giuùp to beseech for urgent aid khaån hoang v. to open up wastelands, to cultivate new lands khaån khoaûn v. to insist [in inviting] khaån thieát adj. earnest khaån tröông adj. tense, urgent, requiring immediate attention: tình theá khaån tröông tense situation khaáp kheånh adj. [of road] uneven, bumpy, rugged: raêng khaáp kheånh uneven teeth khaáp khôûi v. to exult, to rejoice, to feel elated khaäp khieång adj. limping khaát v. to ask for a delay, to postpone [payment]: khaát nôï to ask for extension in the payment of a debt khaát nôï v. to ask for postponement in the payment of a loan khaát thöïc v. to beg for food khaâu 1 v. to sew, to stitch: khaâu quaàn aùo to sew clothes; maùy khaâu sewing machine 2 n. stage, step [in a process]: thöïc hieän töøng khaâu cuûa döï aùo to implement the project stage by stage khaâu vaù v. to sew, to do needlework khaáu v. to deduct: khaáu nôï to postpone the 119 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH khaáu bieät payment of one’s debt; khaáu tröø to withhold kheùp v. to shut, to close; to condemn: kheùp löông to deduct from a salary kheùp neùp adj. shy and modest kheùp toäi v. to charge, to accuse kheùt adj., n. [of burning thing] harsh smelling; cöûa laïi to close the door khaáu bieät v. to bow and bid farewell khaáu ñaàu v. to kowtow, to bow one’s head khaáu tröø v. to deduct: khaáu tröø vaøo tieàn khaåu n. (= mieäng) mouth: caám khaåu to become dumb; haø khaåu estuary; haûi khaåu seaport; nhaân khaåu ration; nhaäp khaåu import; xuaát khaåu export khaåu aâm n. accent khaåu caùi n. [hard] palate: naïng khaåu caùi soft palate, velum khaåu caùi aâm n. palatal [sound] khaåu caùi aâm hoaù adj. palatalized khaåu chieán n. oratorical joust/quarrel khaåu cung n. oral statement [of defendant] khaåu hieäu n. slogan, password: hoâ to khaåu hieäu to shout a slogan/password khaåu khí n. personality [through speech, style] khaåu kính n. diameter, caliber khaåu leänh n. password: cho bieát khaåu leänh to give one’s password khaåu phaàn n. ration: khaåu phaàn haøng ngaøy cuûa coâng nhaân daily ration of a worker khaåu Phaät taâm xaø adj. hypercritical khaåu taøi n. eloquence khaåu thuyeát n. summary given orally khaåu truyeàn v. to transmit orally khe n. slit, crack: khe hôû slit, groove, channel khe kheõ adv. gently, softy kheø adj. dirty yellow: vaøng kheø very dirty yellow [of old paper, old white cloth] kheõ adj., adv. gentle, soft; gently: noùi kheõ to speak in a soft voice kheïc n. (= khæ) monkey khem v. to abstain from: kieâng khem, aên khem to be on a diet khen v. to praise, to congratulate, to commend: khen ngôïi, ngôïi khen to praise [opp. cheâ]; ñaùng khen praiseworthy, laudable; lôøi khen praise, compliments khen ngôïi v. to praise: khen ngôïi söï thaønh coâng to praise one’s success khen thöôûng v. to reward kheùo adj. skillful, clever, dexterous; be cautious [or else]; Be careful, watch it.; What’s the use of; how: Kheùo (khoâng) (laïi) ngaõ! Watch it, you may fall down kheùo tay adj. clever, dexterous kheùo leùo adj. skillful, clever kheùo noùi adj. talkative kheùo tay adj. dexterous burning smell kheùt tieáng adj. very famous kheâ adj. [of rice] burnt kheá n. carambola, star fruit kheá öôùc n. contract: kheá öôùc ñaõ heát haïn expired contract kheá vaên n. act, deed kheà khaø adj., v. [of voice] drawling and hoarse; to talk over a drink kheä neä v. to carry [heavy things] with difficulty kheânh v. to carry with one’s hands, to move by hand [heavy object] kheänh khaïng v. to be awarded; to walk slowly like an important person, to put on airs kheånh adj. uneven, rough: khaáp kheånh uneven; naèm khaånh to be idle [lying on one’s back, with legs crossed] kheâu v. to raise, to extract [with a pin]; to arouse [feeling, nostalgia], to evoke: kheâu loøng ganh gheùt ñoái vôùi ai to rouse one’s jealousy of someone kheâu gôïi v. to attract, to stir up khi 1 n. (= luùc) time, when something, when: khi naøo, ñeán khi; sau khi after something happens; tröôùc khi before [something happens]; moät khi once [something happens]; (moät) ñoâi khi once or twice, sometimes; ñang khi while [something is taking place]; coù khi sometimes 2 v. (= khinh) to berate, to look down, to despise, to scorn, to hold in contempt khi khoâng adv. by chance, by accident khi naøo adv. when khi quaân n., v. high treason; to slight the king/ majesty khí n. air, gas, vapor, steam (= hôi): khoâng khí air, atmosphere; döôõng khí oxygen; ñaïm khí nitrogen; khinh khí hydrogen khí aùp n. atmospheric pressure khí caàu n. balloon, dirigible khí cuï n. tool, instrument, implement khí ñoäng hoïc n. aerodynamics khí giôùi n. arms, weapons khí haäu n. climate, weather khí huyeát n. blood; energy, vigor khí khaùi adj. proud, unwilling to accept a favor from someone khí löïc n. strength, energy, vigor 120 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH khoa khí phaùch n. character, stamp: khí phaùch anh khieáu n. natural gift/skill or endowment: coù huøng heroic character khí quaûn n. trachea, windpipe khí quyeån n. atmosphere khí saéc n. complexion, look: khí saéc hoàng haøo a ruddy complexion khí khí khí khí theå n. gas tieát n. pride, courage tónh hoïc n. aerostatics töôïng n. atmosphere, meteor: sôû khí khieáu to be gifted, to have a skill khieáu naïi v. to complain khieáu oan v. to claim one’s innocence, to complain about some injustice khinh adj., v. to be scornful of, contemptuous of; to scorn, to look down on, to despise: khinh bæ, khinh reû ai to despise, to look down on somebody khinh bæ v. to despise töôïng weather bureau khinh binh n. front run-up infantry soldier khæ n. [SV haàu] monkey: troø khæ monkey busi- khinh khi v. to scorn, to disdain khinh khí n. hydrogen: bom khinh khí H bomb ness [slang]; nothing khía v. to notch, to cut a deep line in: khía quaû khinh khí caàu n. balloon xoaøi to cut deep into a mango khinh khænh v., adj. to disdain; disdainful khía caïnh n. angle, aspect khinh mieät v. to scorn, to spurn khích v. to jeer; to stimulate, to stir, to prokhinh reû v. to scorn, to disdain voke: hieàm khích hate, rancor; khuyeán khích khinh thò v. to defy: khinh thò phaùp ñình to be to encourage; quaù khích extremist contemptuous of the court khích baùc v. to criticize khinh suaát v. to slight khích ñoäng v. to excite, to stir up khít adj. well-joined, flush; next to, close by khích leä v. to encourage khòt muõi v. to sniff, to snuffle khieâm nhöôïng adj. unassuming, self-effacing kho 1 n. warehouse, store: kho haøng warekhieâm toán adj. modest, humble: thaùi ñoä house; kho baïc treasury; ngöôøi giöõ kho storekhieâm toán a humble attitude keeper 2 v. to boil with fish sause, to cook in khieám dieän v. to be absent brine: kho thòt to cook meat in fish sauce khieám khuyeán adj., n. to be imperfect; short- kho taøng n. treasure coming, defect khoù adj. difficult, hard [opp. deã]; bad: khoù coi khieám nhaõ adj. rude, impolite [of speech, bad to look at, not nice; khoù chòu hard to behavior]: haønh ñoäng khieám nhaõ impolite bear; uncomfortable, unwell; keû khoù the poor; behavior ngheøo khoù poor; needy; khoán khoù in very khieân n. shield reduced circumstances, very poor khieân chöông n. shoulder piece; hood [acakhoù baûo adj. disobedient, stubborn demic attire] khoù chòu adj. hard to bear, unbearable; uncomkhieán 1 v. to direct, to order, to command, to fortable, unwell ask: khieán ai laøm vieäc gì to order someone khoù chôi adj. hard to deal with, hard to make to do something 2 conj. so, that is why friends with khieån traùch v. to reprimand, to blame khoù coi adj. shocking, unsightly khieâng v. [of two or more persons] to carry a khoù deã v. to cause trouble, to make difficulties khoù khaên adj. difficult heavy thing by hand khieáp adj. afraid, scared, horrified: khuûng khoù nhoïc adj. tiring, painful, strenuous, hard: khieáp awful, horrible coâng vieäc khoù nhoïc hard work khieáp ñaûm adj. terrified, scared out of one’s khoù ôû adj. difficult to live, to live uncomfortably wits khoù thôû adj. oppressive: khoâng khí khoù thôû khieáp nhöôïc adj. weak, cowardly oppressive weather khieáp sôï adj. terrified khoù thöông adj. detestable, unlovable: con khieâu v. to provoke, to stir up ngöôøi khoù thöông unlovable person khieâu chieán v. to challenge, to provoke a war khoù tính adj. fastidious, hard to please khieâu daâm adj., v. sexy; suggestive, obscene, khoù xöû adj. awkward pornographic, sexually stimulating khoa 1 v. to gesticulate, to wave: khoa chaân khoa tay to wave one’s arms 2 n. a branch of khieâu haán v. to provoke hostilities khieâu vuõ v. to dance science, subject of study, specialty; college, 121 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH khoa baûng faculty [within a university]: phaân khoa nhaân vaên department of humanities; vaên khoa arts, letters; noäi khoa internal medicine; ngoaïi khoa surgery; nha khoa dentistry; y khoa baùc só doctor of medicine [MD] khoa baûng n. system of degree, examination system khoa cöû n. examination khoa hoïc n., adj. science; scientific: nhaø khoa hoïc scientist; danh töø khoa hoïc scientific term khoa hoïc gia n. scientist khoa tröôûng n. dean [of college, faculty] khoaù 1 n., v. lock; to lock: chìa khoaù key; oå khoaù lock 2 n. school year, academic year: hoïc khoaù, nieân khoaù school year; maõn khoaù to finish school or military service; leã maõn khoaù graduation ceremony; khoaù tu nghieäp giaùo sö Anh vaên training course for teachers of English; khoaù heø summer session; thôøi khoaù bieåu time-table, schedule [of classes] khoaù boùp n. padlock khoaù chöõ n. combination lock khoaù sinh n. graduate, scholar [old system] khoaù tay n. handcuffs khoaù trình n. curriculum: hoaït ñoäng ngoaïi khoaù trình extra-curricular activities khoaû thaân adj. naked; nude: vuõ khoaû thaân strip-tease show khoaùc v. to wear over one’s shoulders; to put over: khoaùc aùo to put a coat over one’s shoulders; khoaùc tay nhau to hold arm in arm khoaùc laùc v. to be bragging, to boast khoai n. sweet potato, taro, potato khoai lang n. sweet potato khoai mì n. manioc khoai soï n. taro khoai taây n. potato khoaùi adj., v. to be pleased; to like, to feel good, happy khoaùi laïc n. pleasure: chuû nghóa khoaùi laïc hedonism khoaùi traù adj. contented, satisfied khoan 1 v. to bore [a hole], to drill: khoan vaøi loã ñeå troàng coät to drill a few holes to put up pillars 2 adj. slow, poised, relaxed, take it easy khoan dung adj. forgiving, tolerant: thaùi ñoä khoan dung tolerant attitude khoan haäu adj. generous khoan hoàng adj. tolerant, clement, lenient: chính saùch khoan hoàng lenient policy khoan khoaùi v., adj. elated, happy, stoked [slang] khoan thai adj. deliberate, slow: aên noùi khoan thai to be deliberate in speaking khoaùn v. to be granted a contract/testimony, to hire by the piece: thaàu khoaùn contractor; laøm khoaùn to do by the piece; giaù khoaùn piece rate; thò tröôøng chöùng khoaùn stock exchange khoaûn n. article, item, condition [of agreement], clause, provision: ñieàu khoaûn trong thoaû öôùc the clauses in the agreement khoaûn ñaõi v. to entertain, to treat someone to something khoang 1 n. hold [of boat] 2 adj. piebald, tabby: meøo khoang tabby cat khoaùng chaát n. mineral khoaùng chaát hoïc n. mineralogy khoaùng daõ n. vast field khoaùng ñaõng adj. roomy; liberal-minded khoaùng ñaït adj. broad-minded, liberal-minded khoaùng saûn n. minerals khoaùng vaät n. mineral khoaûng n. interval, about, length of time, period of time: vaøo khoaûng naêm naêm approximately a five-year period; vaøo khoaûng about, approximately khoaûng caùch n. space, distance khoaûng chöøng adv. about, approximately khoanh n., v. circle; slice, round piece; to circle; to roll, to coil: khoanh tay to fold one’s arms; khoanh vuøng to circle into zones, to divide land into zones khoaûnh n. an area equivalent to 100 mau (mow), or 360,000 square meters; a plot, lot khoaûnh khaéc n. short moment, jiffy khoaùt v. to wave, to beckon: khoaùt tay töø giaõ moïi ngöôøi to wave goodbye to everyone khoaéng v. to stir [slang]; to steal, to swipe: khoaéng cho ñöôøng tan trong nöôùc to stir sugar in water to dissolve it khoùc v. to weep, to cry; to mourn for: khoùc (aâm) thaàm to cry or weep silently; khoùc nhö möa to cry bitterly; than khoùc to mourn khoùc loùc v. to cry, to whimper khoùc nöùc nôû v. to sob khoùc oaø v. to burst into tears khoùc röng röùc v. to cry aloud khoùc suït sòt v. to sob, to weep khoùc söôùt möôùt v. to cry bitterly khoùc than v. to wail khoùc thaàm v. to cry or weep silently or inwardly 122 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH khoång loà khoe v. to boast, to show off khoe khoang adj., v. boastful; to show off khoeù n. corner [of eye maét]; trick, ruse: maùnh khoå sôû adj. wretched, miserable, agonizing khoå taâm adj. painful khoå thaân adj., v. painful; to suffer khoác haïi adj. disastrous: tình traïng khoác haïi khoeù trick khoeû adj. strong; healthy: maïnh khoeû, khoeû awful/disastrous situation maïnh well, healthy; aên khoeû to have a big appetite; söùc khoeû healthy; strength khoác lieät adj. fierce, raging, highly devastating khoâi haøi adj. humorous, funny, joking khoâi ngoâ adj. good-looking, handsome; bright khoâi phuïc v. to recover [something lost], to khoeû khoaén adj. healthy khoeû maïnh adj. strong, vigorous; healthy khoeøo adj. bent, curved khoeùt v. to bore, to dig a hole: ñuïc khoeùt [of restore, to establish khoái 1 n. mass, bloc, volume, bulk: thöôùc khoái an official] to rob [the people], to extort money khoùi n. smoke, fumigation: Khoâng coù löûa sao coù khoùi. There is no smoke without fire.; höông khoùi incense and smoke, ancestor cubic meter 2 adj. a lot, many, plenty khoái löôïng n. volume, amount khoân adj. clever, wise, prudent shrewd, artful [opp. daïi] worship khoùi löûa n. war, warfare khoûi v. to recover, to avoid, to escape, to get well, away from: rôøi khoûi to leave; ñeå khoûi maát thì giôø in order to save time khom v. to be bent, to be curved; to bend one’s back: khom löng to bend one’s back khoân khoân khoân khoân khoán hoàn exclam. If you are prudent!; Be wise! kheùo adj. clever, smart, artful, shrewd ngoan adj. clever, wise, prudent thieâng adj. [of spirits] powerful adj. to be in difficulty, in danger: khoán noãi unfortunately of trees khoán cuøng n. poverty, dire poverty, utter misery khoán ñoán adj. in a tough position khoán khoå adj. miserable, suffering, wretched; phôi khoâ to dry [in the sun]; nho khoâ dried khoâng adj. not [precedes main verb] (= chaúng, chaû); no; to be without: aên khoâng to eat khoùm n. clump, cluster: khoùm caây a cluster khoïm adj. aged, decrepit khoâ adj. dry [opp. öôùt], withered [opp. töôi]: pained, poor grapes/sultanas caèn adj. arid, barren daàu n. oil cake ñeùt adj. withered, shrivelled up heùo adj. wilted khan adj. dry, arid; [of heart] indifferent raùo adj. dry, arid n. string; belt, sash, loin-cloth: ñoùng khoá to wear a loin-cloth; khoá raùch aùo oâm ragged, poor khoå 1 adj. unhappy, wretched, miserable: cöïc khoå suffering; ñau khoå [slang] to be poor 2 n. width [of fabric]: khoå vaûi moät meùt fabric of one-meter width khoå chuû n. host khoå coâng v. to take great pains, to make great efforts khoå cöïc adj. suffering hardship khoå haïnh adj. ascetic khoå naõo adj. miserable, deplorable khoå nhuïc adj. humiliating, disgraceful khoå qua n. bitter melon (= möôùp ñaéng) khoå sai n. hard labor: bò keát aùn möôøi naêm tuø khoå sai to be sentenced to ten years of hard labor khoâ khoâ khoá khoâ khoâ khoâ khoá without paying; aên khoâng, ôû khoâng to be idle; tay khoâng empty-headed; vöôøn khoâng nhaø troáng no man’s land; ñi chaân khoâng to go barefoot khoâng coù chi or khoâng coù gì adj. not at all, don’t mention it, you’re welcome khoâng ñaâu adj. unfounded, not based on facts khoâng gian n. space [as opp. to time thôøi gian] khoâng keå adv. not counting, not including, excluded khoâng khí n. air; atmosphere khoâng quaân n. Air Force khoâng sao adv. it doesn’t matter khoâng tieàn (khoaùng haäu) adj. unprecedented khoâng trung n. in the air; space khoâng töôûng adj. utopian: keá hoaïch khoâng töôûng a utopian plan khoâng vaän n. air transport khoáng cheá v. to control Khoång n. Confucius: Khoång (phu) töû Confucian(ist); ñaïo Khoång Confucianism Khoång giaùo n. Confucianism khoång loà adj. gigantic, colossal: ngöôøi khoång loà giant 123 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH Khoång mieáu Khoång mieáu n. Temple of Confucius khôø adj. credulous, dull, dumb, gullible, naive: khuø khôø, khôø daïi naive khôi 1 n. open sea: ngoaøi khôi off the coast [of]; ra khôi to take to the open sea 2 v. to dig [up]; to enlarge, to widen, to arouse khôi maøo v. to instigate, to promote, to introduce khôûi v. to begin, to start (= baét ñaàu): khôûi söï, khôûi ñaàu to begin khôûi binh v. to raise troops khôûi chieán v. to open hostilities, to start hostilities khôûi coâng v. to begin work khôûi ñaàu v. to begin, to start khôûi ñieåm n. starting point, departure khôûi haønh v. to start a trip, to set out, to depart khôûi haán v. to start hostilities khôûi loaïn v. to rise up, to rebel khôûi nghóa v. to lead a nationalist revolt khôûi nguyeân n. original khôûi phaùt v. to begin, to start khôûi saéc v. to prosper, to thrive khôûi söï v. to begin [work] khôûi thaûo v. to sketch, to outline, to draft [text] khôûi thuyû thuyû adv., adj. beginning, starting; original khôûi toá v. to start a lawsuit khôûi xöôùng v. to instigate, to take the initiative khôùp n. articulation, joint: aên khôùp nhau to jibe, to agree with each other, to be in harmony with each other khôùp xöông n. joint khu 1 n. area, district, zone, section, sector: chieán khu war zone; ñaëc khu district; quaân khu military district; lieân khu interzone; phaân khu sub area 2 n. bottom, buttocks khu bieät v. to distinguish, to discriminate khu böu chính n. postal sector, army post code khu truïc n. fighter plane khu truïc haïm n. destroyer khu tröø v. to get rid of, to eradicate khu vöïc n. area, zone khuù v. [of salted vegetables] to smell bad khuø khôø adj. slow-witted khuø khuï adv. [to cough] loudly khuï adj. very old and bent khua v. to stir up; to beat [drum gong] noisily, thump: khua moâi to move lips, to talk too much; khua tay to throw arms up, to gesticulate khuaân v. to carry [a heavy thing]: phu khuaân vaùc porter khuaát 1 v., adj. to hide, to be out of sight, hid- den: Khuaát maët caùch loøng. Out of sight, out of mind. 2 v. to yield, to bow to khuaát gioù adj. sheltered from the wind khuaát neûo adj. remote, out of the way khuaát nuùi adj. deceased khuaát phuïc v. to submit oneself to, to surrender khuaát taát v. to kneel down, to bow; to humble oneself khuaây v. to become calm, to be relieved [from grief, nostalgia] khuaây khoaû adj. to be relieved [from grief, nostalgia] khuaáy v. to stir up: khaáy noài côm to stir the rice pot khuùc n. section, portion: khuùc caù a portion of a fish; khuùc caây a section of a tree trunk; khuùc nhaïc a section of songs khuùc chieát adj. coherent, clear, precise khuùc khích v. to giggle: cöôøi khuùc khích to giggle khuùc khuyûu adj. [of a road] winding, tortuous khuùc xaï n. refraction, bending of rays khueâ caùc n. woman’s apartment khueâ nöõ n. young feudal woman khueách v. R to enlarge, to amplify khueách ñaïi v. to enlarge, to amplify khueách khoaùc v. to boast, to brag khueách taùn v. to spread out, to scatter khueách tröông v. to expand, to develop: khueách tröông thöông vuï to expand one’s business khui v. to open, to unpack: khui chai röôïu to open a bottle of wine khum khum adj. arched, bent khuùm nuùm v. to be too humble or ceremonious, to be obsequious khung n. frame, framework: ñoùng khung to frame a picture; [slang] to be dressed up khung caûnh n. context, scenery khung cöûi n. loom khuøng adj. furious, mad, crazy: phaùt/ñaâm khuøng to become/to get mad or crazy khuûng boá boá v. to terrorize: teân khuûng boá terrorist khuûng hoaûng n. crisis: kinh teá khuûng hoaûng economic crisis, depression; khuûng hoaûng veà tinh thaàn emotionally disturbed khuûng khieáp adj. horrible, awful khuoân n. mold, model, pattern khuoân khoå n. shape and size; framework khuoân maët n. [shape of] face khuoân maãu n. model, example khuoân pheùp n. discipline, regulation 124 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH khuy n. button: caøi khuy to button khuy baám n. snap [button] khuya adj. late [at night]: thöùc khuya to stay kieám chaùc khöû v. to get rid of, to dispose of: tröø khöû to reduce [chemistry] khöû ñoäc v. to pasteurize, to sterilize khöû tröø v. to eliminate, to eradicate up late khuya khoaét adj. late [at night] khöùng v. to consent, to accept khuya sôùm n. night and day, morning and khöôùc v. to refuse, to decline evening khöôùc töø v. to decline khuyeân 1 v. to advise: lôøi khuyeân advice 2 n. khöùu giaùc n. sense of smell circle, earring: ñoâi khuyeân a pair of earrings khöôùt adj. tired, worn out: say khöôùt dead drunk khuyeân baûo v. to advise, to counsel, to recki coùp adj., v. stingy; to only collect small things ommend: khuyeân baûo ngöôøi naøo to advise ki-loâ n. [Fr. kilogram] kilogram someone ki-loâ meùt n. [Fr. kilometre] kilometer khuyeân can v. to advise against something, to kí n. [Fr. kilogram] kilogram kì v. to rub [dirt] off persuade someone khuyeân giaûi v. to comfort, to explain kì keøo v. to nag, to reproach; to argue about the cost khuyeân ngaên v. to advise against something khuyeân nhuû v. to advise, to counsel kia 1 pron. there, that 2 adj., adv. that, other; khuyeân raên v. to admonish before: hoâm kia day before yesterday; ngaøy kia day after tomorrow; naêm kia year before khuyeán hoïc v. to encourage learning: hoäi khuyeán hoïc association for the encourage- last; beân kia the other side; tröôùc kia formerly; moät ngaøy kia some day [in the future] khuyeán khích v. to encourage, to stimulate kia kìa adv. over there khuyeán noâng v. to encourage agriculture kìa adv. over there, yonder [more distant than khuyeån n. dog (= choù): quaân khuyeån dog kia]: ngaøy kìa two days after tomorrow; naêm kìa three years ago; hoâm kìa three days ago army khuyeån maõ n. beast kích 1 n. halberd 2 n. size, measurement, part khuyeån nho adj. cynical of dress under the arm-holes 3 v. to jack: kích khuyeát 1 n. buttonhole, loop [used as a button- xe leân to jack a car hole] 2 adj. [of position] missing, vacant; [of kích baùc v. to disparage, to criticize kích ñoäng v. to arouse, to impact moon] not full; döï khuyeát alternate [officer]; khieám khuyeát shortcoming kích thích v. to excite, to stimulate khuyeát ñieåm n. shortcoming, defect, mistakes, kích thích toá n. hormone error, negative points kích thöôùc n. size, measurements khuyeát tòch adj. absent kòch n. play, drama, theater: bi kòch drama; khuynh dieäp n. eucalyptus: daàu khuynh dieäp dieãn kòch to perform; ñoùng kòch to have a eucalyptus oil part in a play; to fake, to pretend; haøi kòch khuynh ñaûo v. to overthrow, to topple comedy; thaûm kòch tragedy khuynh gia baïi saûn adj. ruinous, bankrupted kòch baûn n. play script, scenario khuynh höôùng n. tendency kòch chieán n. fierce fighting khuynh höõu n. rightist kòch lieät adj. violent, fierce, vehement khuynh taû n. leftist kòch só n. actor, actress khuyønh v. to spread out one’s arms, to be kòch tröôøng n. the theater akimbo kieâm v. to cumulate [functions]: kieâm nhieäm khuyønh chaân v. to straddle one’s legs to be concurrently in charge khuyûu n. elbow: khuyûu tay elbow kieâm toaøn v. to complete khuîu v. to collapse: ngaõ khuîu to fall and kieám 1 v. [= tìm] to seek, to look for, to search collapse for: tìm kieám, kieám thaáy to find; kieám vieäc laøm to look for work 2 n. sword, foil khö khö v. to hold tight, to guard jealously, to kieám aên v. to make one’s living retain stubbornly khöù hoài v., n. to go and come back; round trip: kieám caùch v. to find out a way of doing someveù khöù hoài return ticket thing khöø khöø v. to groan, to moan kieám chaùc v. to make profits ment of learning 125 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH kieám chuyeän kieám chuyeän v. to make trouble, to pick a quarrel kieám kieám kieám kieám kieàm kieàm cung n. sword and bow hieäp n. knight-errant khaùch n. knight-errant thuaät n. swordsmanship, fencing kieán kieán kieán kieán quoác v. to build up the nation taïo v. to build, to create, to establish thò adj. seen [and approved] thieát v. to build [up], to rebuild, to con- struct: kieán thieát ñoâ thò to construct a city kieán thöùc n. knowledge: trau doài kieán thöùc to improve one’s knowledge truùc n. architecture control truùc sö n. architect kieàm toûa v. to restrain, to bind, to restrict vaên n. knowledge, learning kieåm v. to verify, to control, to examine, to 1 n. tared, bale, package: moät kieän boâng a inspect [baggage, goods]; to check bale of cotton; böu kieän parcel post 2 v. to sue: kieåm duyeät v., n. to censor; censorship kieän nhaø baùo to sue a journalist; moät vuï kieän kieåm ñieåm v. to review a lawsuit; thaày kieän lawyer; ñöôïc kieän to win one’s case; thua kieän to lose one’s case kieåm ñoác v. to manage, to supervise kieåm giaù v. to control prices kieän caùo v. to open a lawsuit, to sue someone kieåm khaûo v. to examine, to investigate kieän toaøn v. to consolidate, to be complete, to kieåm laâm n. forestry [service] strengthen kieåm nhaän v. to control, to stamp visas; daáu kieän tuïng v. to take out a lawsuit, to sue kieåm nhaän visa stamp someone kieåm saùt v. to inspect, to check kieän töôùng n. champion, star, ace kieåm soaùt v. to control, to examine, to check kieâng v. (= cöû) to avoid, to abstain from: kieåm thaûo v. to review one’s work, to criticize: kieâng laøm vieäc naëng to avoid heavy work; töï kieåm thaûo to be self-critical aên kieâng to be on a diet kieåm tra v. to control, to inspect, to examine, kieâng deø deø v. to economize, to save, to be cautious to take a census: kieåm tra taøi khoaûn to exam- kieâng neå v. to have regard and consideration ine the budget for, to respect kieân adj. strong, solid; patient kieàng 1 n. iron tripod used as stove: kieàng ba chaân tripod 2 n. necklace, bracelet kieân chí n. determination, steadfastness kieân coá adj. solid, strong, well-built: xaây moät kieång n. gong böùc töôøng kieân coá to build a strong fence kieãng v. to stand on tiptoe: ñöùng kieãng chaân leân ñeå laáy saùch to have to stand on tiptoe to kieân ñònh adj. steadfast, firm: laäp tröôøng kieân ñònh firm attitude take out books kieân gan adj. patient, persevering kieáp n. existence, life [as something inevitable, kieân nhaãn adj. patient, long-suffering according to Buddhism]: soá kieáp destiny, fate; kieân quyeát adj., v. determined; to be deterkieáp soáng con ngöôøi man’s life mined, with determination: kieân quyeát haønh kieát 1 n. dysentery: ñi kieát lî to have dysenñoäng to be determined for action tery 2 adj. poor, penniless: kieát cuù/kieát xaùc kieân taâm v., adj. to be patient; patient, steadstingy, penniless kieät 1 adj. stingy, avaricious, miserly, mean fast kieân trì v. to hold fast, to keep firmly, to stick 2 adj. exhausted, worn out; no more: kieät söùc to to be physically exhausted kieân trinh adj., v. [of woman] loyal, to be faith- kieät löïc adj. to be physically exhausted ful kieät queä adj., v. [of finances, economic situakieán n. ant: toå kieán ant hill; con ong, caùi tion] being at the lowest ebb; to be worn out kieán small things, small people; ñoâng nhö kieät taùc n. masterpiece kieán crowded, numerous; kieán boø buïng very kieät xuaát adj. outstanding, pre-eminent hungry kieâu adj. arrogant, proud, vainglorious: kieâu haõnh to be proud of; kieâu caêng/kieâu ngaïo to kieán giaûi n. view, interpretation, insight be arrogant; thaéng khoâng kieâu, thua khoâng kieán hieäu adj. effective, efficacious naûn no vainglory in good fortune, no loss of kieán laäp v. to build up, to establish kieán nghò n. motion, proposal, resolution heart in adversity v. to hold back, to restrain cheá v. to keep in check, to restrain, to kieán kieán kieán kieän 126 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH kính baåm kieâu ngaïo adj. arrogant, haughty kieáu v. to excuse oneself; to refuse, to decline kieàu n. R (= caàu) bridge kieàu baøo n. compatriot [abroad], overseas kinh 1 adj. terrified, frightened 2 n. capital city, national kieàu daân n. immigrant, resident [alien] kieàu dieãm adj. graceful, charming, attractive kieàu loä n. bridges and roads: kyõ sö kieàu loä civil engineer kieåu n. model, pattern; fashion, style kieåu caùch adj. affected, unnatural kieåu maãu n. model, example kieäu 1 n. sedan chair, palankeen, carriage 2 n. pickled scallion 3 n. trot: ñi nöôùc kieäu to ride at a trot kim 1 n. needle, pin; [clock] hand: xoû kim to thread a needle 2 n. R gold (= vaøng); metal: kim khí, kim loaïi metal materials; baïch kim platinum; hôïp kim alloy; aù kim metalloid 3 adj. R present, modern; now (= nay) [opp. coå]: töø coå chí kim from ancient times up to now kim baêng n. safety pin kim chæ n. needlework, sewing kim chæ nam n. compass; guide, handbook, manual kim coå n. the past and the present kim cöông n. diamond kim ñan n. knitting needle kim hoaøn n. goldsmith, silversmith kim khaâu n. sewing needle kim khí n. metal kim loaïi n. metal kim ngaïch n. turn-over kim thaïch adj. durable, lasting kim thoa n. gold hairpin kim thôøi n. present time, present kim tieàn n. money kim tinh n. Venus [the planet] kim tuyeán n. lame, gold thread kim töï thaùp n. pyramid kim vaên n. modern literature [as opp. to coå vaên] kìm 1 v. to restrain, to rein: kìm haõm to hold back 2 n. pincers, pliers kín adj. tight, covered, secret: ñoùng kín to shut tight; ñaäy kín to be covered [pot, container]; hoäi kín secret society; choã kín genitals kín ñaùo adj. secretive, secret: caát vaøo nôi kín ñaùo to keep in a secret place kín mieäng adj. discreet, undisclosed: giöõa kín mieäng khoâng noùi vôùi ai to keep secret, not to talk to anybody else metropolis: kinh ñoâ Baéc kinh Beijing city 3 n. prayer-book, sacred book, the Bible 4 n. Viet nationality [as opp. to ethnic groups in Vietnam] kinh bang teá theá v. to govern the state and help humanity kinh doanh v., n. to carry on business; to do business; trade, commercial enterprise kinh ñieån n. classics, canonical books kinh ñoâ n. capital city kinh ñoä n. degree of longitude kinh giôùi n. sweet marjoram kinh haõi adj. frightened kinh hoaøng adj. frightened, scared kinh hoaûng adj. frightened, scared kinh hoàn adj. frightened out of one’s wits kinh keä n. Buddhist books of prayers kinh khuûng adj. frightful, awful, horrible kinh kyø n. capital kinh lòch n. experience kinh luaân n. supervision, administration; administrative skill kinh löôïc n. viceroy [in North Vietnam] kinh lyù v., n. to inspect; inspection kinh ngaïc adj., v. astounded; to be stupefied kinh nghieäm v., adj., n. to experience; experienced; experience kinh nguyeät n. menses, menstruation: kinh nguyeät khoâng ñeàu to have irregular menses kinh nieân adj. chronic: beänh kinh nieân chronic illness kinh phí n. expenditures, expenses: kinh phí ñi laïi traveling expenditures kinh qua v. to undergo, to suffer, to go through kinh sôï adj. afraid, frightened kinh söû n. classics and history kinh teá n. economy: kinh teá quoác gia national economy; kinh teá hoïc economics kinh thaùnh n. the Bible kinh thaønh n. capital, metropolis kinh tuyeán n. longitude, meridian kinh vieän n. academic kính 1 n. glass [the material]; eye glasses [CL ñoâi, caëp]; optical instrument: ñeo/mang kính to wear glasses; cöûa kính glass window; taám kính pane of glass; mieáng kính piece of broken glass 2 v. to respect, to honor: toân kính to honor; cung kính to be respectful kính aùi adj. loving and respectful kính baåm v. to report respectfully [used in addressing superior] 127 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH kính caùo kyø 1 n. R flag (= côø): quoác kyø national flag kính caùo n. respectfully yours [at the end of advertisement, leaflet] kính caån adj. respectful, deferential kính caän n. near-sighted glasses kính chuùc v., n. to treat someone respectfully; respectful wishes kính daâng v. to present offers respectfully kính hieån vi n. microscope kính laõo n. old people’s glasses, far-sighted glasses kính môøi v. to invite respectfully kính neå v. to have regard and consideration for kính phuïc v. to admire kính raâm n. sun-glasses kính taëng v. to present respectfully kính thieân lyù n. telescope kính thieân vaên n. telescope kính thænh v. to invite respectfully kính thöa v., n. to report respectfully; particle of address to senior or elderly: kính thöa quí oâng baø ladies and gentlemen kính trình v. to report respectfully kính troïng v. to respect kính vieãn voïng n. telescope kính vieáng v. to pay one’s respects to a dead person, to pay one’s last tribute kính yeâu adj. revered and loved kình 1 n. whale: caù kình, caù voi whale 2 v. to be opposed, to be in conflict kình ñòch v. to be in opposition, to be at enmity with kíp 1 adj. urgent, pressing, hurried: caàn kíp in a hurry 2 n. (= ca) shift: kíp laøm ñeâm night shift kòp v. to be or act in time, to be on schedule: theo kòp, ñuoåi kòp to catch up with kòp thôøi adv. in time, timely kòt adj. dark, black, dense: ñen kòt all black kyù v. to sign; to record: kyù vaøo ñôn xin vieäc to sign one’s application; chöõ kyù signature; nhaät kyù diary; thö kyù secretary kyù giaû n. newsman, correspondent kyù hieäu n. symbol, sign; code kyù keát v. to sign, to conclude [agreement, pact] kyù luïc n. secretary, clerk, recorder kyù nhaän v. to acknowledge [receipt], to make out receipt kyù quyõ v. to deposit [security money] kyù sinh adj. parasitical: kyù sinh truøng parasite kyù söï n. memoirs, essays kyù thaùc v. to entrust kyù tuùc xaù n. boarding school, dormitory kyù öùc n. memory 2 n. fixed time or space of time, term: thôøi kyø period; hoïc kyø term, session 3 n. administrative division of Vietnam [under French domination]: Baéc kyø Tonkin; Trung kyø Annam; Nam kyø Cochin-China 4 adj. strange, extraordinary (= la) kyø an n. praying for good health kyø aûo adj. miraculous kyø aùn n. strange case kyø coâng n. exploit, marvelous achievement kyø cuïc adj. strange, funny, odd kyø cuøng adv. to the end kyø cöïu adj. old, veteran, experienced: caàu thuû kyø cöïu very old experienced player kyø dò adj. strange, odd: aên maëc aùo quaàn kyø dò to wear strange clothes kyø dieäu adj. marvelous, wonderful kyø duyeân n. wonderful love kyø dö n. the rest: kyø dö khoâng thay ñoåi otherwise no change kyø ñaøi n. platform for a ceremony kyø haïn n. date, term: tôùi kyø haïn to fall due; due date kyø haøo n. village elder kyø hình n. odd appearance kyø khoâi adj. unusual, strange, very odd kyø laï adj. strange, extraordinary kyø laân n. unicorn kyø ngoä n. chance meeting, unexpected meeting kyø phuøng ñòch thuû n. adversaries of equal talent kyø quaùi adj. strange, odd kyø quan n. wonder: baûy kyø quan theá giôùi the seven wonders of the world kyø quaëc adj. odd, funny: suy nghó kyø quaëc funny thinking kyø taøi n. extraordinary talent kyø thaät adv. actually, in reality kyø thò v. to discriminate: kyø thò chuûng toäc racial discrimination kyø thuù adj. interesting kyø thuyû adv. at the beginning: thôøi kyø thuyû cuûa lòch söû at the beginning of history kyø voïng v. to wish for, to pray for kyû luaät n. discipline, codes of conduct: coù tinh thaàn kyû luaät to follow the codes of conduct kyû luïc n. record, best performance: kyû luïc theá giôùi the world record kyû nguyeân n. era: kyõ nguyeân maïng vi tính toaøn caàu Internet era kyû nieäm 1 n. to commemorate: ñaøi kyû nieäm 128 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH a commemorative monument 2 n. souvenir; memory: cöûa haøng baùn ñoà kyû nieäm a souvenir shop kyû yeáu n. proceedings, a summary record of: kyû yeáu hoäi nghò the proceedings of a conference kyõ adj. careful: vieäc laøm kyõ careful work kyõ caøng adj. (= kyõ löôõng) careful, thorough kyõ naêng n. skill kyõ ngheä n. industry: kyõ ngheä nheï light industry kyõ sö n. engineer: kyõ sö caàu ñöôøng a civil engineer kyõ thuaät n. technology; technique: khoa hoïc kyõ thuaät taân tieán modern science and technology laùch laû taû v. to be scattered laõ chaõ v. [of tears] to drip, to trickle laï adj. [SV kyø] strange, unusual, extraordinary, odd, foreign; not to know, not to be familiar with: ngöôøi laï stranger; quaùi laï to be extraordinary, unheard of; Laï quaù! How strange! laï ñôøi adj. strange, odd, queer, eccentric: aên noùi laï ñôøi to say something strange laï kyø adj. strange: aên maëc quaàn aùo laï kyø quaù to wear strange clothes laï luøng adj. strange, unknown, extraordinary, odd laï maët adj. strange, unknown [face]: keû laï maët stranger laï mieäng adj. strange tasting, eaten for the first time laï tai adj. strange-sounding, heard for the first time laï thöôøng adj. unusual, extraordinary la 1 n. mule 2 v. to shout, to scream; to scold laùc adj. squint-eyed, cross-eyed: maét laùc to have squinting eyes la baøn n. compass la caø v. to loiter, to hang around laùc ñaùc adj. scattered la ñaø v. [of branches] to be swaying; to reel, to laïc 1 v. to be lost, to lose one’s way: laïc ñöôøng/laïc loái to lose one’s way 2 n. (= ñaäu move unsteadily phuïng) peanut, shelled peanut, groundnut: la heùt v. to shout, to roar, to scream: treû con la heùt aàm yû ngoaøi ñöôøng children shouting laïc rang roasted peanuts; daàu laïc peanut oil; loudly in the street bô laïc peanut butter la laøng v. to shout for help laïc böôùc v. to rove, to wander la lieät adv. everywhere, all over laïc caûnh n. paradise la loái v. to yell, to scold [to show one’s laïc ñaø n. camel authority] laïc ñeà v. to get off the subject, to be irrelevant la maéng v. to scold to the subject La Maõ n. Rome, Roman laïc ñieäu adj. tuneless: haùt laïc ñieäu to sing la où v. to protest noisily, to hiss, to boo out of tune laù 1 n. leaf: laù chuoái banana leaf; noùn laù latania laïc gioïng adj. off-key leaf hat; nhaø laù latania-covered hut 2 n. classi- laïc haäu adj. backward, under-developed: caùc nöôùc chaäm tieán laïc haäu under-developing fier noun, card, form: laù baøi playing card; laù côø flag; laù ñôn application form; laù thö letter countries laù chaén n. shield, screen, shutter laïc loaøi adj. alone in a strange land: laïc loaøi ôû nöôùc ngoaøi to be alone in a foreign country laù mía n. nose cartilage laù thaém n. love message laïc loõng adj. alone, lost in a strange place laø 1 v. to be, to be equal: hai vôùi ba laø naêm laïc nghieäp v. to enjoy one’s work, to be contwo and three is five 2 v. to iron, to press tent with one’s lot: an cö laïc nghieäp to settle (= uûi): laø quaàn aùo to iron clothes; baøn laø an down well laïc quan adj. optimistic iron 3 intj. [final particle]; How! 4 conj. then laû adj., v. exhausted; to be prone; to droop: ñoùi laïc quyeân v. to take a collection, to raise funds: laû to be exhausted because of hunger; meät laû laïc quyeân cöùu trôï naïn nhaân baõo luït to raise exhausted funds for flood victims laû lôi adj., v. lascivious; to indulge in, be famil- laïc thuù n. pleasure iar with laïc vieân n. paradise laû löôùt adj. limp, listless: ñi laû löôùt to walk laùch 1 v. to make one’s way; to slip [oneself listlessly mình, or something]: laùch mình qua ñaùm L 129 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH laùch caùch ñoâng to make one’s way through a crowd laïi söùc v. to recover one’s strength lam adj. royal blue lam chöôùng n. miasma, noxious effluvium lam luõ adj. ragged and dirty lam nham adj. bungled laøm v. to do, to make; to work; (= haønh) to 2 n. spleen laùch caùch v. to clink, to clatter, to clash, to rattle laùch taùch v. to crackle, to crepitate laïch n. canal, waterway laïch baïch v. to waddle, to toddle laïch caïch v. See laùch caùch laïch ñaïch v. to waddle laïch taïch v. See laùch taùch lai 1 adj. half-breed, crossbreed, hybrid: Taây lai Eurasian [person of mixed French and Vietnamese blood]; Taàu lai person of mixed act; to be done laøm aên v. to make a living, to earn one’s living laøm baïn v. to be a friend to; to get married to laøm baèng v. to serve as evidence, to give evidence Chinese and Vietnamese blood 2 n. turn-up, hemline lai caêng adj. miscellaneous: cuoäc soáng lai caêng foreign influent life lai gioáng v. to cross breed lai laùng v. [of feeling] to be overflowing lai lòch n. background, curriculum vitae, past record lai rai adj. dragging on: laøm vieäc lai rai dragging on work lai tænh v. to regain consciousness, to come to lai vaõng v. to frequent [a place] laùi v. to steer, to drive [ship, automobile, plane]: laùi xe hôi to drive a car; tay laùi steering wheel; baèng caàm laùi driving license laùi buoân n. merchant, dealer, trader: laùi lôïn pig seller; laùi traâu buffalo seller laùi ñoø n. boatman, bargeman laûi nhaûi v. to mutter on and on laûi n. tapeworm laõi n. profit, dividend, interest: laõi ba phaân three percent interest laïi 1 v. to come, to arrive: ñeå laïi to leave [behind]; to resell; ôû laïi to stay [behind]; toùm laïi to sum up; in short; Laïi ñaây! Come here!; trôû laïi to come back; ñi ñi laïi laïi to go back and forth, to move to and from 2 adv. again, back: traû laïi to return; to give the change; ñem laïi to bring again; ñi laïi to come again, to go back and forth; to have relations; qua laïi to go back and forth; to come and go, to frequent; quay laïi to turn around; coøn laïi there remains; remaining; ñaùnh laïi to fight back, to hit back; traùi laïi on the contrary; ngöôïc laïi conversely; goùi laïi to wrap up; buoäc laïi to tie [package] up; troùi laïi to tie [person] up; luøi laïi to step back; hoaøn laïi to return, to refund; laïi aên to eat again, to resume eating; laïi noùi to resume talking; laïi laøm to resume working laøm laøm laøm laøm boä v. to be arrogant, to be haughty cao v. to put on airs, to play hard to get coû v. to weed; to massacre coâng v. to work [for cho]: ngöôøi laøm coâng worker, employee laøm chöùng v. to be the witness laøm daùng v. to be dandyish, to give undue attention to dress laøm dòu v. to abate, to ease: laøm dòu söï caêng thaúng to ease the tension laøm duyeân v. to mince; to attract laøm ñoûm v. to be coquettish laøm giaû v. to counterfeit, to fake: laøm giaû nöôùc hoa to produce counterfeit perfume laøm giaøu v. to get rich, to enrich laøm göông v. to set an example: laøm göông cho treû con to set an example for children laøm hoûng v. to wreck, to spoil, to foul up laøm khaùch v. to be formal, to stand on ceremony laøm laønh v. to make it up with laøm leõ v. to become someone’s concubine laøm leã v. to hold a ceremony: laøm leã cöôùi to hold a wedding ceremony laøm loaïn v. to rebel, to riot; to raise hell laøm loâng v. to pluck laøm lô v. to ignore, to turn a blind eye to laøm luïng v. to work laøm ma v. to hold burial rites for laøm mai v. to act as a matchmaker laøm maãu v. to serve as a model laøm ôn v. to do the favor laøm phaùch v. to put on airs laøm quen v. to make the acquaintance of laøm reo v. to go on strike laøm ruoäng v. to do farming laøm sao adv. why, how laøm taøng v. to behave arrogantly laøm thinh v. to keep silent laøm thòt v. to kill for food: laøm thòt heo ñaõi tieäc to kill a pig for a party laøm tieàn v. to make money 130 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH laõnh thoå subject 2 adj. absent-minded: laûng trí absentlaøm toâi v. to serve as a servant minded laøm trai v. to behave like a man laøm troø v. to make fun, to perform funny antics, laûng tai adj. hard of hearing laûng vaûng v. to hang around, to roam around, to clown to loiter around laøm troøn v. to fulfill: laøm vieäc v. to work, to be busy at work laõng du v. to roam around, to wander laûm nhaûm v. to mumble, to rave, to talk about laõng maïn adj. romantic: chuû nghóa laõng maïn trifles laïm v. to abuse [power, etc.], to do something romanticism in excess: tieâu laïm coâng quyõ to spend in excess of public funds laïm duïng v. to abuse, to take advantage of, to misuse: laïm duïng quyeàn haønh to abuse power laïm phaùt v. to inflate, to issue too much [paper currency]: naïn laïm phaùt tieàn teä inflation laïm quyeàn v. to abuse power lan n. orchid, iris: moäc lan magnolia; ngoïc lan magnolia lan v. [of water, fire, vegetation] to spread: lan roäng to spead widely lan can n. rail, parapet lan traøn v. to spread all over, to overflow laøn 1 n. classifier for waves on water or hair etc.: laøn gioù gusts of wind; laøn khoùi trails of smoke 2 n. handbasket lang 1 n. wolf: loøng lang daï thuù to have a wolf’s heart and a beast’s feelings 2 n. herb doctor, Vietnamese physician: oâng lang, thaày lang herb doctor lang bang v. to roam about, to be frivolous lanh baït v. to roam around, to be an adventurer lang baêm adj. quack lang ben n. herpes, scurf lang chaï adj., v. mixed; lewd; to sleep around lang quaân n. [my] husband lang thang v. to wander lang vöôøn n. quack lang y n. Vietnamese physician laùng adj. shiny, glossy (= boùng): da laùng patent leather; saøn nhaø laùng shiny floor laùng gieàng n. neighbor laøng n. village, commune; circles, world: laøng baùo the press circles; daân laøng villager laøng chôi n. playboys; prostitutes [collectively] laøng maïc n. village [inhabitants] laøng nöôùc n. village [inhabitants] laøng xoùm n. village [inhabitants], co-villagers, people, neighbors laøng vaên n. writers [collectively] laûng 1 v. to sneak away: noùi laûng to change the subject of conversation, to shift to another laõng phí v. to waste: laõng phí thì giôø to waste time laõng queân v. to forget laõng töû n. vagabond laïng 1 n. a tael, liang [a measure of weight equivalent to 378 grams]: moät laïng vaøng a tael of gold 2 v. to slice [meat], to carve: laïng maáy laùt thòt naïc to carve a few lean slices lanh adj. (= nhanh) fast, quick; intelligent: lanh trí intelligent, bright; lanh tay to be quick lanh laûnh adj. [of voice] piercing lanh leï adj. agile, fast lanh leïn adj. agile, active laùnh v. (= traùnh) to avoid, to keep away, to escape: laùnh xa keû xaáu to keep away from bad people; daân laùnh naïn refugee laønh 1 adj. mild, kind, meek, gentle: hieàn laønh gentle; ngöôøi laønh kind people 2 adj. good [of climate]; healthy; [of clothes] not torn, in good condition; [of food] good to eat, healthy [opp. ñoäc]: laønh maïnh healthy; thöùc aên laønh good food laønh laïnh adj. a little chilly laønh laën adj. intact, unbroken, whole, safe and sound, undamaged: aên maëc laønh laën decently dressed laønh maïnh adj. healthy, strong laûnh adj. shrill [of voice] laõnh 1 v. (= lónh) to receive, to draw [salary, supplies]: laõnh löông to draw/receive a salary 2 n. glossy silk, taffeta laõnh binh n. military commander laõnh ñaïm adj. cold, indifferent laõnh ñaïo v. to lead: caáp laõnh ñaïo leaders; taøi laõnh ñaïo leadership laõnh giao v. to receive instruction(s) laõnh haûi n. territorial waters laõnh hoaù giao ngaân n. cash on delivery [C.O.D.] laõnh hoäi v. to understand, to comprehend laõnh khoâng n. air space laõnh söï n. consul: toaø laõnh söï consulate; toång laõnh söï consul-general laõnh thoå n. territory 131 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH laõnh tuï laõnh tuï n. leader: laõnh tuï ñoái laäp opposition laùt 1 adj. short, instant, moment (= choác): laùt nöõa in a moment; choác laùt, giaây laùt short moment 2 v. to pave, to cover [road, floor]: laùt gaïch saøn nhaø to cover the floor with tiles indifferent; noùng laïnh fever, malaria laït 1 n. bamboo string: duøng laït ñeå buoäc baùnh chöng to use bamboo strings to tie sticky rice laïnh buoát adj. icy cold laïnh leõo adj. cold, wintry; deserted, lonely and cakes 2 adj. (= nhaït) to be watery, insipid, cold, indifferent flat, not sweet enough [opp. ngoït]; not salted [opp. maën] laïnh luøng adj. cold, indifferent laïnh ngaét adj. very cold laït leõo adj. (= nhaït nheõo) watery, insipid, tasteless; light; cold, cool, indifferent lao 1 v. to throw: lao mình xuoáng nöôùc to throw oneself into the water 2 n. javelin; pole Laït ma n. Lama: Ñaït lai Laït ma Dalai Lama 3 n. tuberculosis: bò lao phoåi to have tubercu- lau 1 v. to wipe, to clean, to mop: gieû lau dust losis; Hoäi baøi lao Anti-Tuberculosis Society cloth, rag; khaên lau towel, rag; khaên lau baùt lao coâng n. labor: lao coâng cöôõng baùch forced dish towel; khaên lau maët washcloth, towel labor; Nghieäp ñoaøn Lao coâng Labor Union 2 n. reed, arundinaceous cane lao ñao adj. unstable, unsteady lau chuøi v. to dust [with a cloth], to clean lao ñoäng v., n. to toil/labor; laborer, worker: lau daàu v. to lubricate, to clean daân lao ñoäng working people; ñaûng Lao lau nhau v. [of children] to swarm Ñoäng Labor Party, Workers’ Party; Ngaøy lao laùu adj. [of child] smart, clever ñoäng Quoác teá May Day laùu lænh adj. mischievous, roguish; sharp, lao khoå n. labor, hardship, hard work: cuoäc smart, clever soáng lao khoå a life of hardship laùu taùu v. to act or to talk fast and thoughtlao löïc v. to be physically exerting, to be overlessly exerting laøu nhaøu v. to grumble, to complain lao taâm n. sorrow, worry, grief; mental work lay v. to shake, to push: khoâng lay chuyeån lao tuø n. prison, jail unshakable; lung lay to move, to budge lao tö n. labor and capital; workers and capilaùy v. to repeat talists laïy v. to bow low; to kowtow, to prostrate onelaùo adj., v. insolent, impertinent; to be false, self before; to pray; to greet with a kowtow nonsensical; to lie: laøm thì laùo baùo caùo thì laéc v. to shake with side-to-side motions: laéc hay to give a good report on one’s bad work ñaàu to shake one’s head; luùc laéc to move, to sway laùo leáu adj. insolent, impolite, impertinent; careless, unreliable laéc chuoâng v. to ring a bell laùo nhaùo adj. badly mixed laéc ñaàu v. to shake one’s head laùo xöôïc adj. insolent, impudent laéc la laéc lö v. See laéc lö Laøo n. Laos, Laotian laéc lö v. to swing, to sway, to rock laøo xaøo v. to whisper; to rustle laêm num. five [when preceded by a numeral laûo ñaûo v. to stagger, to totter in the ten]: möôøi laêm fifteen; hai möôi laêm laõo adj. old, aged, elderly (= giaø): tieàn döôõng twenty five laõo old-age pension; Nguyeät laõo the God of laêm laêm v. to keep [weapon] ready laêm le v. to be eager to, to want very much to Marriages laõo aáu n. old and young: nam phuï laõo aáu men [get something] and women, young and old, everyone laém adj., adv. much or many, plenty of; very laõo boäc n. old servant much laõo giaùo n. Taoism laém ñieàu adj. talkative, gossipy, quarrelsome laõo luyeän adj. experienced, skilled laém keû n. many people laõo maãu n. old mother laém khi adj. many times laõo thaønh adj. old and experienced laém luùc adj. many times Laõo Töû n. Lao Tze laém moàm adj. talkative, gossipy, quarrelsome laïo xaïo adj. scratching laém phen adj. many times laïp xöôøng n. Chinese sausage laên v. to roll: laên baùnh xe to roll a tire leader laõnh vöïc n. aspect; field, domain, realm laïnh adj. cold: tuû laïnh fridge; gheû laïnh cold, 132 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH laên laên laên laên chieâng v. to fall flat ñuøng v. to fall, to collapse; to drop dead keành v. to fall flat loùc v. to have/experience hardships; to lie around, to wallow laên long loùc v. to roll about laên loän v. to have/experience hardships; to lie around laàn moø laâm beänh v. to fall sick, to be taken ill laâm boàn n. childbirth laâm chung v. to be about to die laâm hoïc n. forestry laâm luî adj. involved, implicated laâm ly adj. moving, doleful laâm nguy v. to be in danger laâm saûn n. forest products laâm thôøi adj. provisional, temporary, interim: laên tay v. to take fingerprints laên taên v. to drizzle quaûn ñoác laâm thôøi the interim manager laên xaû v. to hurl oneself at, to fling oneself at, to laâm traän v. to be in action, to be in combat throw oneself into [vaøo] laâm tuyeàn n. solitude among the forests laèn n. wale, streak laám v. to be soiled, to stain with: chaân laám laën v. to be under the water, to dive, to set tay buøn to be dirty from farmwork, to soil laën loäi v. to travel up hill and down dale; to go laám la laám leùt v. See laám leùt through a lot of trouble laám leùt v. to look furtively laêng n. royal tomb laám taám adj. spotted, speckled laêng kính n. prism laàm v. (= nhaàm) to be mistaken, to make a mistake; to confuse, to misunderstand: loãi laêng loaøn adj. [of woman] pert, saucy laàm mistakes; sai laàm to commit an error laêng maï v. to insult laêng nhaêng adj. purposeless, thoughtless; laàm laàm v. to mumble, to grumble irresponsible; flirtatious laàm laån v. to be mistaken laêng nhuïc v. to insult laàm raàm v. to mutter, to murmur [as in laêng quaêng v. to run around praying] laêng taåm n. imperial tomb laàm than adj. miserable, wretched laêng truï n. prism: khoái laêng truï thaúng right laåm baåm v. to mumble to oneself prism; khoái laêng truï xieân oblique/slanting laåm caåm adj. confused, cracked, crazy prism laåm nhaåm v. to mumble, to mutter laêng xaêng v. to bustle, to act as a busybody, laãm lieät adj. imposing, stately laân 1 n. fabulous unicorn (= sö töû); muùa laân to be an eager beaver lion dance, dragon dance 2 n. phosphorus laéng 1 v. to lend [an ear]; to try to listen: laéng nghe to listen closely 2 v. to settle, to abate laèng nhaèng v. to drag; to be confused laúng adj. flirtatious laúng lô adj. flirtatious, sexy laúng laëng v. See laëng laüng n. a handled basket: mua moät laüng hoa to buy a handled-basket of flowers laëng adj. silent, quiet: im/yeân laëng quiet laëng leõ adv. silently, in silence, quietly laép v. (= raùp) to assemble, to join, to put laân tinh laân laân laân laân laân laân laán bang n. neighboring country caän adj. neighboring, adjoining la v. to get near, to seek friendship quoác n. neighboring country tinh n. phosphorus tuaát n. pity, compassion v. to infringe; to encroach upon: xaâm laán to invade laàn n. (= baän, löôït) time, turn, round: hai laàn together [opp. thaùo]; to load [bullet ñaïn]: twice; ba laàn three times; laàn naøy this time; laép ñaïn vaøo suùng to load bullets into a gun; laàn sau next time; laàn tröôùc last time; nhieàu xöôûng laép xe ñaïp bicycle assembly plant; laép laàn several times, many times; moãi laàn each moäng to mortise, to dovetail time laép baép v. to stutter, to stammer laàn v. to search, to feel for; to grope one’s way laét leùo v., adj. winding; to be delicate, involved laàn böôùc v. to grope, to fumble along laét nhaét adj. tiny, minute laàn hoài adv. from day to day laët vaët adj. miscellaneous, sundry laàn löôït adv. in turn, one after another in order laác caác adj. rude, impolite, impertinent laàn löõa v. to waver, to procrastinate; to postlaâm v. to get into, to be hit by: laâm vaøo caûnh pone ngheøo khoå to get into a poor, hardup situation laàn moø moø v. to try cautiously; to look for [address] 133 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH laàn thaàn laàn thaàn adj. hesitant, wavering, slow in making up one’s mind laån v. to hide: laån maët to hide, to keep out of sight laån luùt v. to hide, to conceal oneself laån maån adj. frivolous laån quaát v. to hide or to be lurking around, to lurch laån thaån adj. dotty, cracked laãn v., adj. confused, mixed up, mistaken; each other, one another: giuùp ñôõ laãn nhau to help one another; söï giuùp ñôõ laãn nhau mutual help; laáy laån to take by mistake laån loän v. to be mixed, to mix up, to confuse laän v. to cheat, to deceive: gian laän to deceive; côø gian baïc laän to cheat in games laän ñaän adj. unsuccessful laáp v. to fill in [hole, gap]; to cover: che laáp to cover, to hide laáp laùnh v. to shine, to twinkle, to sparkle laáp loù v. to appear vaguely laäp v. to set up, to establish; to be set up: thaønh laäp to found, to establish, to form; saùng laäp to found; taïo laäp to create; thieát laäp to establish, to set up; trung laäp neutral(ist), impartial laäp caäp v. to tremble, to shiver laäp coâng v. to do some meritorious work laäp dò adj. eccentric laäp ñoâng n. the beginning of winter laäp haï n. the beginning of summer laäp hieán adj. [of monarchy] constitutional: quaân chuû laäp hieán constitutional monarchy laäp keá v. to draw up a scheme, to plan laäp loeø v. [of light] to be off and on laäp luaän v. to argue laäp phaùp adj. [of power] legislative: quyeàn laäp phaùp legislative power laäp phöông n., adj. cube; cubic laäp thaân v. to establish oneself in life laäp theå n. solid [geometry] laäp thu n. the beginning of autumn laäp tröôøng n. position, viewpoint, standpoint, attitude laäp töùc adv. right away, at once, instantly: ngay laäp töùc immediately laäp xuaân n. the beginning of spring laät v. to turn upside down, to turn over: laät ñoå to overthrow laät baät v. to shiver, to tremble laät ñaät v. to hurry, to hasten laät leïo v. to cheat, to swindle, to be crooked laät loïng v. to cheat, to swindle, to be crooked laät taåy v. to unmask, to call a bluff, to expose laâu v., adj. to take a long time; to last; to last long: Bao laâu? How long? [of time]; chaúng/ khoâng bao laâu soon; töø laâu for a long time, long ago; baáy laâu for a long time; giôø laâu during a long hour laâu caùc n. palace laâu daøi adj. lasting, durable laâu ñaøi n. palace, mansion laâu ñôøi adj. old, durable laâu la n. subordinates in gang of bandits laâu laâu adv. now and then, occasionally laàu n. story, upper floor (= gaùc); building with more than one floor, palace: treân laàu upstairs; laàu ba third floor; nhaø laàu many storied house; building laàu xanh n. brothel laäu 1 adj., v. contraband; to dodge, to avoid paying [taxes, customs duties]: laäu veù to travel or get free entertainment without paying for one’s ticket; buoân laäu to smuggle; to engage in contraband traffic; haøng laäu smuggled goods, contraband 2 n. gonorrhoea laây v. to be contagious; to be infected, to contaminate, to pass on: beänh hay laây contagious disease; vaï laây to be affected by an offense laây nhaây v. to drag, to leave unfinished laáy 1 v. to take, to seize, to obtain, to receive, to accept 2 v. to wed, to marry [somebody] 3 v. to steal 4 adv. by oneself, for oneself: ñi laáy to go alone; hoïc laáy to study by oneself; laøm laáy to do something oneself laáy choàng v. [of woman] to get married laáy côù v. to use as an excuse or pretext laáy cung v. to question, to examine, to interrogate laáy ñöôïc v. to do something at all costs, for one’s sake laáy gioáng v. to crossbreed stock/plants, to breed a strain laáy leõ v. to marry as second wife [a married man]; to become a concubine of laáy leä adv. for the sake of formality laáy loøng v. to try to please [somebody] laáy nhau v. [of a couple] to be married laáy tieáng v. to do something just for the sake of prestige laáy vôï v. [of man] to get married laáy vôï leõ v. to take a second wife/concubine laày adj. miry, swampy, marshy, moory: buøn laáy 134 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH leã nghi miry, boggy; sa laày caught in the swamp loäi adj. muddy, miry nhaày adj. sticky v. (= doãi) to sulk baåy v., adj. to shake, to tremble; trembling: sôï run laåy baåy to tremble with fear laãy v. [of baby] to turn over laãy löøng adj. [of fame] most well-known le v. to put out, to show off le loùi adj., v. bright; to glimmer le te adj. short and small: thaáp le te low and small leù adj. squinting, cross-eyed: leù maét to squint leø v. to stick out [one’s tongue]; to push [food] out with the tongue leø nheø v. [of voice] to be drawling leû adj. [of numbers] odd [opp. chaún]; [of cash] to be small; [100, 1,000, etc.] to be followed by additional units (= linh): soá leû odd number; decimal; baùn leû to retail; baïc leû, tieàn leû small change; ba traêm leû hai three hundred and two [302] leû loi adj. alone, lonesome, all alone, isolated: soáng leû loi to live alone leû teû adj. scattered, sporadic leõ n. reason, argument leõ dó nhieân adv. obviously, of course, naturally leõ moïn adj. concubine: phaän leõ moïn concubine status leõ phaûi n. reason, common sense, right thing leõ thöôøng n. common sense: coù leõ perhaps; khoâng leõ it doesn’t make sense if… leõ ra adv. actually leï adj. (= nhanh) fast, quick, speedy; agile: lanh leï quick; Leï leân! Hurry up! lem adj. soiled, dirty: loï lem dirty lem leùm adj. [to eat or to speak] fast lem leûm adj. [to speak] fast lem luoác adj. very dirty lem nhem v. to soil; to blur, to smear leùm adj. talkative, loquacious, voluble leøm nheøm adj. nearsighted leïm adj. notched: leïm caèm to have a receding chin len 1 v. to make one’s way [as in a crowd]; to interfere, to intrude 2 n. [Fr. laine] wool, woolen: aùo len sweater, pullover; haøng len woolens; chaên len, meàn len woolen blanket len leùn v., adj. afraid; scared len loûi v. to make one’s way [in crowd, difficulty], to intrude leùn adj. sneaky, secret, furtive, stealthy: nhìn laày laày laåy laåy leùn to cast a furtive glance leùn luùt adj. secretive, on the sly, sneaky leøn v. to stuff, to cram full; to wedge leûn v. to sneak or to steal [in, out]: leûn ñi to take off furtively; caát leûn secretly, furtively leng keng n. dingdong, ding-a-ling leo v. to climb, to creep: caây leo creeper; döa leo cucumber leo leûo adj. [of water] very limpid; vigorous: nöôùc trong leo leûo very clear water; choái leo leûo to deny vigorously leo leùt v. [of light] to flicker, to burn fitfully leo treøo v. to climb leùo nheùo v. to nag noisily, to shout, to bawl leùo xeùo adj. [of voice, crying] confused leøo n. Laos, Laotian. See Laøo leøo laù adj. smooth-spoken, smooth-tongued leûo v. to interrupt others; maùch leûo to palaver leõo ñeõo v. to follow closely, to stick to leïo v. [of dog, pig] to copulate leùp adj. empty, husky, ill-filling; [opp. chaéc] flat: hoät leùp empty nut; ngöïc leùp flat chest/ breast leùp beùp adj. talkative, indiscreet leùp keïp adj. deflated: buïng leùp keïp empty stomach leùp xeùp v., adj. to crackle continuously; crackle; shuffling on the ground leït ñeït v. to fall behind, to drag behind leâ 1 n. pear (CL quaû, traùi) 2 v. to drag [oneself, one’s feet or something]: boø leâ to crawl along; keùo leâ to drag leâ daân n. the common people leâ döông n. [Fr. légion] French foreign legion: lính leâ döông Foreign Legionnaire leâ la v. [of children] to crawl about leâ theâ adj. very long, trailing leà 1 n. regulation, custom, habit, tradition, procedure 2 n. margin, edge: baûn leà hinge; leà ñöôøng sidewalk, pavement, roadside leà luaät n. regulation, custom, habit leà loái n. manner, procedure leà thoùi n. custom, habit leã n. religious ceremony or festival, fete, rite, ritual, holiday, Catholic mass [to have xem, laøm]: nghæ leã to have holidays; leã pheùp politeness, good manners; leã vaät offerings, present, gift; nghi leã rites; protocol leã baùi v. to worship leã ñoä n. politeness, courtesy leã giaùo n. education, ethical behavior, ethics leã nghi n. rites, rituals, ceremonies 135 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH leã nghóa leã nghóa n. rites, rituals, ceremonies leã pheùp n. politeness, courtesy: coù leã pheùp to be polite phuïc n. formal dress, formal wear teá n. offerings, sacrifices vaät n. offerings, gift, present 1 n. custom, rule, regulation: ñieàu leä by laws; coå leä old custom; chieáu leä, laáy leä for the sake of formality; thöôøng leä ordinary; hôïp leä legal, lawful; phaøm leä general rule; tuïc leä customs and manners 2 n. tear: rôi leä to cry leä aùn n. jurisprudence leä kheä adj. awkward, clumsy leä lieãu n. weeping willow leä ngoaïi n. exception leä phí n. fees leä thuoäc v. to be [politically] dependent upon leách theách adj. [of clothes] untidy, sloppy leäch adj. tilted, slanting, awry: söï cheânh leäch discrepancy, difference; thieân leäch biased leân 1 v. to go up, to come up, to rise: maët trôøi leân the sun rises; leân laàu moät to go up the first floor 2 adv. up, upward, up to; on: bay leân to go up in the air, to fly up; ñaïp leân to trample, to step on; keùo leân to pull up; keâu leân to cry out; noùi leân to speak up; tieán leân to move forward, to step forward leân aùn v. to condemn, to give a sentence leân boång xuoáng traàm v. to go up and down [of voice] leân caân v. to put on weight leân côn v. to have a fit leân daây v. to wind up, to tune [a string instrument] leân ñeøn v. to light up leân ñoàng v. to go into a trance leân ñöôøng v. to set out [on a trip]; to start a journey leân gioïng v. to raise one’s voice leân lôùp v. to take a class, to give a lesson, to attend a class leân maët v. to be haughty leân men v. to undergo fermentation leân nöôùc v. [of stone, lacquerware, wood] to shine, to be glossy; to become arrogant leân sôûi v. to have the measles leân thaùc xuoáng gheành v. to go up and down leân tieáng v. to raise one’s voice leân voi xuoáng choù v. to go up and down [the social scale] leân xe xuoáng ngöïa adj., v. well-to-do; to live in luxury leã leã leã leä leânh leânh leành leänh ñeânh v. to drift laùng v. to run all over, to be spilled keành v. to be cumbersome n. (= lònh) order, command: haï leänh, ra leänh to issue an order; nhaät leänh order of the day; thöôïng leänh order from above; huaán leänh directives, orders; saéc leänh decree; thöøa leänh by order of; tuaân leänh to obey an order leâu ñeâu adj. lanky leâu loång v. to loaf, to be lazy, to be unsettled and irresponsible, to fool around leàu n. tent, hut, shed, cottage: caém leàu to pitch a tent li See ly li n. millimeter; a tiny bit: moät li moät tí a little bit li bì adj., adv. [of sleep] sound, soundly: say li bì dead drunk; soát li bì to have a high fever li ti adj. very small lí nhí v. to speak softly and indistinctly lì 1 adj. stubborn, obstinate: gan lì unmoved; ngoài lì, naèm lì motionless 2 adj. very smooth lì xì v. to give a New Year’s present [in cash] lia v. to throw fast, to sling: lia hoøn ñaù xuoáng hoà to sling a stone into the lake lìa v. to leave, to abandon; to separate, to part: chia lìa to be separated; lìa khoûi queâ höông to leave one’s country lìa boû v. to leave lìa khoûi v. to leave lìa traàn v. to die lòch n. calendar: aâm lòch lunar calendar; taây lòch, döông lòch solar calendar lòch duyeät adj. experienced lòch söû n. history: bieán coá lòch söû historical event; moät ngaøy lòch söû a historic day lòch söï adj. polite, courteous, well-mannered, urbane; well-dressed: baát lòch söï discourteous lòch thieäp adj. experienced, courteous, wellmannered lòch trình n. process, program, shedule lieác 1 v. to cast a furtive look, to glance furtively 2 v. to strop, to whet, to sharpen [knife, razor] lieâm adj. honest, incorruptible: ngöôøi thanh lieâm [of official] honest/uncorrupted person [not to take bribes] lieâm khieát adj. to be honest, incorruptible lieâm sæ n. sense of decency: coù lieâm sæ decent; voâ lieâm sæ shameless, indecent lieám v. to lick lieàm n. sickle, scythe: buùa lieàm hammer and sickle; traêng löôõi lieàm crescent moon 136 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH linh muïc lieäm v. to prepare a body for the coffin, to lieäng v. to throw, to cast, to fling; [of bird, shroud [corpse] lieân bang n. union, federation, federal: chính phuû lieân bang federal government lieân boä adj. interministerial, interdepartmental: tham döï buoåi hoïp lieân boä to attend an interministerial meeting lieân can v. to be related, to be involved lieân danh n. joint list lieân ñoaøn n. labor union; federation, syndicate, league: toång lieân ñoaøn federation lieân ñoäi n. regiment lieân ñôùi adj. jointly responsible lieân heä v. to be related, to be interested, to contact: lieân heä vôùi vaên phoøng chính phuû to contact with the government office; moái lieân heä relationship Lieân Hieäp Quoác n. United Nations lieân hôïp v. [of points, lines, curves, etc. in math] to be conjugate lieân keát v. to unite, to associate [vôùi with] lieân khu n. interzone lieân laïc v. to have contact, to contact, to liaise: só quan lieân laïc liaison officer lieân laïc vieân n. liaison person lieân luïy v. to be involved, to be implicated lieân mieân adj. continuous, unbroken, continuously lieân minh v., n. to unite, to ally; alliance lieân phoøng n. mutual defense, common defense: hieäp öôùc lieân phoøng mutual defense treaty lieân quaân n. allied troops; interservice: tröôøng voõ bò lieân quaân Inter-Arms Military School lieân thanh n. machine gun lieân tòch adj. joint, in joint session: hoäi nghò lieân tòch joint conference lieân tieáp adj., adv. to be continuous; continuously, in succession lieân tænh adj. interprovincial lieân tuïc adj. continuous, continuing: vieäc laøm lieân tuïc continuing position lieân töø n. conjunction [grammar] lieân töôûng v. to remember by association lieán adj. fluent, voluble: lieán thoaéng gabble lieàn 1 adj. contiguous, adjoining; [of wound] next to: naêm ngaøy lieàn five days running, five consecutive days; noái lieàn to connect, to link, to join 2 adv. immediately lieãn 1 n. rice or soup container with a cover; porcelain jar 2 n. scroll lieång xieång v. to suffer complete defeat, to lose heavily [in gambling] plane] to hover, to soar lieáp n. bamboo partition; bamboo lattice-work lieät 1 adj. paralyzed 2 v. to arrange, to display; to rank lieät lieät lieät lieät lieät lieät lieät lieät lieät anh n. hero chieáu adj. bed-ridden cöôøng n. the world powers döông adj. sexually impotent giöôøng adj. bed-ridden keâ v. to list, to enumerate, to declare nöõ n. heroine quoác n. all nations só n. war dead, [dead] heroes [of past revo- lution], martyrs lieät truyeän n. stories of outstanding men lieät vò n. ladies and gentlemen lieàu 1 v. to be reckless, to behave foolishly, to be bold enough; to risk: ñaùnh lieàu to run a risk; laøm lieàu to act rashly; noùi lieàu to talk at random; lieàu mình/maïng, lieàu thaân to risk one’s life 2 n. dose, dosage lieàu lónh adj. foolhardy, rash, daring lieãu n. willow tree: leä lieãu, thuyø lieãu weeping willow; loâng maøy laù lieãu eyebrows shaped like willow leaves lieãu yeáu ñaøo tô n. young girl lieäu v. to think about, to reflect on/weigh on one’s mind; to guess, to estimate: ñònh lieäu to decide; lo lieäu to make arrangements; tieân lieäu to foresee lieäu hoàn v. Be careful! [or I’m going to punish you] lim n. ironwood lim dim adj. [of eyes] half-closed lòm v. to faint, to pass out; to lose consciousness linh adj. supernaturally powerful: anh linh, linh thieâng soul spirit; töù linh the four sacred animals [dragon long, unicorn ly, turtle qui, phoenix phöôïng] linh caûm n. afflatus; presentiment linh cöõu n. coffin linh dieäu adj. wonderful, wondrous, marvelous linh döôïc n. effective drug linh ñan n. efficacious pill of medicine linh ñình adj. lavish, formal [of banquet] linh ñoäng v. to be flexible, to be lively linh hieäu adj. effective, efficacious linh hoaït adj. lively, vicacious, active linh hoàn n. soul linh muïc n. Catholic priest 137 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH linh nghieäm linh linh linh linh linh linh linh lính nghieäm adj. efficacious saøng n. altar, chariot of the soul thieâng v. to have supernatural powers tinh adj. miscellaneous tính n. premonition, foreboding öùng v. to have supernatural powers xa n. hearse loø loø loø loø loø loø loø n. [SV binh] soldier, private; policeman: loø binh lính soldier, the military; goïi lính to draft; loø ñi lính, ñaêng lính to enlist; traïi lính barracks; tuyeån lính, moä lính to recruit soldiers lính boä n. infantryman lính caûnh saùt n. policeman lính ñoan n. customs officer lính haàu n. bodyguard lính kî maõ n. cavalryman lính leâ döông n. foreign legionnaire lính maät thaùm n. secret-service man lính nhaåy duø n. paratrooper lính sen ñaàm n. constable lính thôï n. army engineer lính thuyû n. sailor [Navy] lính traùng n. soldiers, the military lính tröø bò n. reserve army lænh v. to slip away lónh See laõnh lònh See leänh líp adv. [Fr. libre] freely: tieâu xaøi líp to spend money freely lít n. liter líu lo v. [of birds] to twitter, to warble, [of babies] to jabber, to speak indistinctly líu löôõi adj. tongue-tied líu tíu adj. [of speech] indistinct, confused lo v., adj. to worry, to be worried; anxious: chaêm lo to look after lo aâu v. to be worried lo buoàn v. to be worried and sad lo laéng v. to be worried lo lieäu v. to make arrangements for, to attend to [some business] ngaïi v. to be worried about something sôï v. to be worried and afraid xa adj. foreseeing, far-sighted v. to show up, to appear 1 n. oven, kiln, stove, furnace: hoaû loø charcoal brazier 2 v. to stick out [head ñaàu] loø baùnh mì n. baker’s oven, bakery loø baùnh taây n. bakery loø coø v. to hop: nhaûy loø coø to hop on one foot loø doø v. to grope, to fumble one’s way loø ñuùc n. foundry, mint lo lo lo loù loø gaïch n. brick kiln goám n. pottery kiln heo n. slaughter-house lôïn n. slaughter-house reøn n. blacksmith’s saùt sinh n. slaughter-house söôûi n. fireplace, radiator voâi n. lime kiln xo n. [Fr. resort] spring: loø xo xoaén daøi coil spring; loø xo xoaén beït spiral spring; loø xo nhíp half elliptic spring, leaf spring, plate spring loõ adj. [of nose] aquiline loï n. vase, flask, bottle, jar: loï hoa flower vase loï laø adv., adj. there; eccentric loa n. megaphone, horn [of gramophone], loud- speaker: moàm loa meùp giaûi loud-mouthed; hình loa funnel-shaped loaù v. to dazzle, to blind loaø v. to have dim sight: muø loøa blind loaø xoaø adj. [of dress] untidy loaõ loà adj. naked, nude: hình aûnh loaõ loà nude photos loaõ xoaõ adj. [of hair] flowing loaïc choaïc v., adv. to act haphazardly; incoherently loai nhoai adj. restless loaïi 1 n. species, kind, type, category, sort (= loaøi): nhaân loaïi mankind; chuûng loaïi species; ñoàng loaïi fellowman, fellow human being; moân loaïi species; toäc loaïi family; töø loaïi parts of speech; phaân loaïi to classify 2 v. to reject, to eliminate; to fail loaïi tröø v. to exclude, to expel loan n. hen-phoenix loan baùo v. to announce, to inform, to make known loan giaù n. royal carriage loan phoøng n. woman’s apartment loaïn n., adj. disorder, rebellion, revolt, uprising: noåi loaïn to riot, to revolt; phieán loaïn rebel; bieán loaïi revolution; chaïy loaïn to be a refugee; khôûi loaïn to foment, to lead a rebellion; laøm loaïn to raise hell loaïn daâm adj. incestuous loaïn ñaû v. to fight freely loaïn ñaûng n. gang of rebels loaïn laïc n. trouble, hostilities, warfare loaïn luaân adj. incestuous loaïn ly n. trouble, warfare, war loaïn oùc adj. deranged, insane loaïn quaân n. rebels, rebel troops loaïn saéc n. daltonism, color blindness 138 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH loaïn taëc n. rebel loaïn thaàn n. rebel, insurgent loaïn thò n. astigmatism loaïn xaï adj. confused, disorderly loang v. to spread loang loå adj. speckled, spotted loaùng v., adv. to flash; quickly loaùng thoaùng adj. dotted, scattered; to be loøng son loõm adj. concave [opp. loài]; [of cheeks] hollow; [of eyes] sunken loõm boõm adj., v. splashing; to wade; to know or remember bits of something lon n. jar [for rice, etc.], can: moät lon söõa a milk can lon ton v. to run with short steps long 1 v. to come off, to come apart [RV ra]: long trôøi lôû ñaát earth-shaking; ñaàu baïc raêng long old age 2 n. R dragon (= roàng) seen or heard vaguely loaøng xoaøng adj. mediocre, indifferent loaûng xoaûng n. clink, clank [of dishes struck together] loaõng adj. watery, diluted, weak [opp. ñaëc]: caø pheâ loaõng weak coffee loaïng choaïng v. to stagger, to reel, to lurch, to totter loanh quanh v. to go around [and around]; to be undecided loaït n. series, salvo: saûn xuaát töøng loaït mass production; nhaát loaït uniform loay hoay v. to be busy with something loaêng quaêng v. to run about loaèng ngoaèng adj. zig-zagging loaét choaét adj. tiny, diminutive loùc coùc v. to work hard, to toil, to clop loùc ngoùc v. to get up on one’s feet, to try hard long long long long long long long baøo n. imperial robe bieân n. ancient name of Hanoi ñình n. imperial court, imperial palace ñong adj. having a hard time lanh v. [of eyes] to be shining maïch n. favorable geomantic features naõo n. camphor: caây long naõo camphor tree long nhaõn n. dry longan pulp long thònh adj. prosperous, wealthy long troïng adj. solemn, formal: buoåi leã khai maïc long troïng a solemn inauguration ceremony long long long loùng tu n. seaweed vaân n. happy occasion vöông n. River God 1 n. internode: loùng mía a sugar-cane internode 2 n. slang: tieáng loùng slang choïn loïc to select; nöôùc loïc boiled and filloùng coùng adj. clumsy, unhandy loùng laùnh v. to sparkle, to glitter tered water; löøa loïc to cheat, to dupe loe adj. bell-mouthed loùng ngoùng v. to be waiting for loeù v. to flash loøng 1 n. innards, bowels, entrails, intestines, tripes; heart; feeling: töø thuôû loït loøng since loeø v. to flare, to dazzle; to bluff: laäp loeø to flash, to flare, to twinkle one’s birth; laøm maát loøng ai to hurt someloeø loeït adj. showy, gaudy, flashy: aên maëc loeø one’s feelings; an loøng to have peace of mind; loeït to dress in gaudy clothes baèng loøng satisfied, content; beàn loøng to loeùt adj. [of wound] gaping persevere; con ñaàu loøng first-born child; heát loøng devoted; ñoàng loøng unanimously; khoù loi choi v. to hop, to skip loøng difficult; laáy loøng to please; loùt loøng as loøi v. to protrude, to jut out loøi dom n. pile, hernia breakfast; phaûi loøng to fall in love with; phieàn loøng worried, troubled; saún loøng willing, loøi ñuoâi adj. unmasked loøi ruoät adj. disemboweled ready; sôøn loøng discouraged; thoaû loøng satisfied; thuoäc loøng to know by heart, to learn loøi tieàn v. to disburse loøi toùi n. chain, rope by rote; vui loøng glad, happy; vöõng loøng to loõi 1 n. core, duramen: loõi ngoâ corn cob; loõi persevere 2 n. bed, bottom; palm: loøng soâng döùa pineapple core 2 adj. experienced: loõi river bed; loøng baøn tay a hand palm ñôøi experienced loøng baøn chaân n. sole of the foot lom khom v. to be bent down loøng baøn tay n. palm [of hand] loøm adj. very gaudy: ñoû loøm bright red, gaudy loøng chaûo n. base of frying pan red loøng daï n. heart, the heart [to do something] loûm v. to overhear, to pick up: hoïc loûm to pick loøng lôïn n. pig’s tripes up without formal lessons loøng son n. loyalty, faithfulness to sit up loïc v. to filter; to screen, to choose, to select: 139 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH loøng soâng loøng loøng loøng loøng loøng loøng loûng soâng n. river bed suùng n. caliber [of gun] tham n. greediness thaønh n. sincerity, honesty thoøng v. to be hanging down, trailing thöông n. pity, compassion, mercy loä haàu v. to have a prominent Adam’s apple loä lieãu adj. conspicuous, too obvious, without adj. liquid, fluid, thin, watery [opp. ñaëc]; loose [opp. chaët]: chaùo loûng watery rice congee; giam loûng to keep prisoner; thaû loûng to set free loûng leûo adj. loose, not tight loïng n. parasol loùp ngoùp v. to sit up or get up with difficulty loùt v., n. to line [a garment]; lining; dunnage: duøng rôm ñeå loùt to use straw as dunnage; aên loùt daï to have breakfast; aùo loùt mình undershirt; ñuùt loùt to bribe; lo loùt to try to corrupt [officials] loït v. to slip into, to sneak into; to pass through, to fall into; [of news] to leak: ñi loït to go through; ra loït cöûa to pass through the gate loït loøng adj. to be born loït tai adj. to reach the ear of; to be pleasant to hear loâ n. [Fr. lot] lot, series: moät loâ ñaát a lot of land loâ coát n. [Fr. blockhaus] blockhouse, watch tower loâ gich adj. logical: ñaàu oùc loâ gích logical mind loâ nhoâ adj. uneven, irregular, rugged loá n. dozen: mua hai loá tröùng to buy two dozen eggs loá nhoá adj. numerous but not in order loã 1 n. hole, pit, opening, grave: ñuïc loã to bore a hole; loã khoùa a key hole 2 v. to lose [in business]; baùn loã to sell at a loss; loã voán to lose one’s capital loã choã adj. full of holes loã chaân loâng n. pore [of skin] loã ñít n. anus loã hoång n. gap, opening, vacuum loã muõi n. nostril loã maõng adj. blunt, coarse, rough-mannered loã tai n. ear, ear hole loä 1 n. street, road (= ñöôøng): ñaïi loä avenue, boulevard; kieàu loä highways and bridges; luïc loä land route; public works; quoác loä national highway; xa loä freeway; tieàn maõi loä toll [on turnpike] 2 v. to appear; to reveal, to disclose; to be revealed: loä maët to appear; ñeå loä to show, to betray; tieát loä to leak [a secret] loä dieän v. to show up: xuaát ñaàu loä dieän to show one’s face restraint: aên maëc loä lieãu to dress up without restraint loä phí n. traveling expenses, travel costs loä taåy v. to show one’s true colors loä thieân adj., n. in the open air; open-air loä trình n. itinerary loä trình thö n. record of official travel loác n. tornado, twister: gioù loác whirlwind loäc 1 n. official salary; good fortune, happiness, honors of office: haùi loäc to pick buds, to pick a good fortune; phuùc, loäc, thoï happiness, honors of office, and longevity 2 n. deer, stag, hart 3 n. bud, new leaf, shoot [with ñaâm, naåy, troå to grow]: naåy loäc to grow new leaves loäc coäc n. the clump of wooden shoes loâi v. to drag, to pull, to draw loâi cuoán v. to attract, to draw: loâi cuoán söï chuù yù to attract attention loâi ñình n. fit of anger, rage loâi keùo v. to pull, to draw into loâi thoâi adj. complicated; to be troublesome, annoying; [of clothes] to be untidy, wrong, sloppily: aên maëc loâi thoâi to dress untidily; gaây loâi thoâi to make troublesome loái 1 n. path, way, footpath: laïc loái to have lost the way 2 n. manner, fashion, style: leà loái manner 3 adv. about, approximately: loái 30 ngöôøi about thirty people loái chöøng adv. about, approximately loái ñi n. way, path loài adj. protruding, convex [opp. loõm] loãi n. mistake, fault: loãi chính taû spelling mistakes; coù loãi guilty; baét loãi to reproach; ñoã loãi to accuse; taï loãi to apologize; toäi loãi sin; tha loãi, thöù loãi to forgive; maát naêm loãi to make five mistakes loãi ñaïo v. to fail in one’s [moral] duty loãi heïn v. to fail to keep one’s promise, to break an appointment loãi laïc adj. outstanding, eminent, distinguished loãi laàm n. mistake: phaïm loãi laàm to make a mistake loãi thôøi adj. outdated, outmoded: aùo quaàn loãi thôøi outmoded clothes loäi 1 v. to wade, to ford: laën loäi to travel up hill and down dale 2 v. to swim: bôi loäi swimming; luït loäi flood loám ñoám adj. spotted, dotted, speckled, mottled loàm coàm v. to crawl, to creep loåm ngoåm v. to crawl, to creep; to swarm 140 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH lôøi loän v. to somersault; to turn over; to go back, to loáp ñoáp v. to crack return; to be mistaken: loän hai voøng to turn loäp coäp n. clump [of shoes] over twice; loän veà nhaø to turn around and go loát n. slough, castoff skin, appearance: ñoåi loát home; ñi loän ñöôøng to take the wrong road; laãn loän mixed up; noùi loän to say the wrong thing loän baäy adj. upside-down, topsy turvy loän gioáng adj. mixed with another strain loän laïi v. to turn around, to go back, to return loän maùu adj. furious loän möûa adj. nauseous loän nhaøo v. to overturn; to fall head first [in diving] loän ruoät adj. furious loän soøng v. to swap, to switch; to get lost in a crowd loän tieát adj. furious loän xoän adj. disorderly, confused loâng n. [SV mao] hair [of human body]; fur; [SV vuõ] feather: choåi loâng gaø feather duster; loå chaån loâng pore; nhoå loâng to remove hairs, to depilate; nhaët loâng, vaët loâng to pluck; quaït loâng feather fan; thay loâng to molt; aên loâng ôû loå to live like a caveman; bôùi loâng tìm veát to find fault, be fussy loâng boâng n. vagabond loâng laù adj. hairy loâng mao n. hair loâng maøy n. eyebrows: nhoå loâng maøy to pluck eyebrows; keû loâng maøy to draw eyebrows loâng maêng n. down [feathers] loâng mi n. eyelashes loâng ngoâng adj. tall, lanky loâng nhoâng adj. unruly loâng vuõ n. feather loàng n. coop, [bird] cage: loàng chim bird cage; thaùo cuûi soå loàng to liberate someone loàng aáp n. coal heater; incubator loàng baøn n. mesh cover that is put over food to protect it against flies loàng chim n. bird cage loàng gaø n. chicken coop loàng loän v. to get excited, to get upset [because of jealousy] loàng ngöïc n. thorax loäng laãy adj. radiant, resplendent, magnificent: veû ñeïp loäng laãy a resplendent beauty loäng ngoân n. profanity loäng nguyeät v. to enjoy the moonlight loäng quyeàn v. to abuse power loáp n. rubber tire: noå loáp to have a blown tire; beïp loáp to have a flat tire to change appearance; ñoäi loát to disguise oneself loät v. to remove forcibly, to strip; [of crustaceans or cicadas] to change or to shed skin; [of crustaceans] to change shell: loät maët naï to unmask; loät da to shed one’s skin lô 1 n. [Fr. chauffeur] assistant driver [on public car] 2 v. to ignore, to pretend not to hear lô ñaõng adj. careless, negligent, absent-minded lô ñeãnh adj. careless, negligent lô laø v. to be different, to show a lack of interest in: lô laø coâng vieäc to show a lack of interest in working lô lôù v. to speak with a slight accent lô löûng v. to be hanging in the air; to act without a pattern; to drift sluggishly lô mô adj. vague lô thô adj. [of tress, hair, grass] sparse lôù ngôù adj. lost, confused [in a new environment] lôø v. to ignore, to pretend to forget lôø ñôø adj. sluggish, lazy; dull-witted, thickheaded lôø môø adj., adv. to be dim, unclear, vague; vaguely lôû 1 v. [of cliff, dam, wall, etc.] to break off, to break away, to collapse, to crumble: long trôøi lôû ñaát earth-shaking 2 v. to have a skin eruption; [of eruption, rash] to break out lôõ 1 v. to miss: lôõ böõa aên to miss a meal; lôõ taøu buoåi saùng to miss the morning train; lôõ cô hoäi to miss an opportunity 2 v. to be clumsy with: lôõ tay to be clumsy with the hands; lôõ lôøi to be clumsy with words lôõ böôùc v. to slip; to fall lôõ laøng v. to be interrupted or to fail half-way lôõ laàm v. to make a mistake lôõ ra adv. if at all, in case lôõ tay v. to be clumsy with one’s hands lôõ taøu v. to miss the boat/train lôõ thì v. [of woman] to have passed the marriageable age lôøi 1 n. spoken word(s); utterances, statements: caïn lôøi to use up all arguments; cöôùp lôøi to interrupt; heát lôøi to finish talking; naëng lôøi to use unpleasant words or scolding tone; nuoát lôøi to break one’s promise; vaâng lôøi to obey; laém lôøi talkative 2 n. (= laõi) benefit, interest, profit, gain: buoân baùn coù lôøi nhieàu to do business that has high profits 141 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH lôøi höùa lôøi höùa n. promise, vow: giöõ lôøi höùa to keep a promise lôøi leõ n. words; reasoning lôøi nguyeàn n. oath lôøi noùi n. words, statement lôïi adj. profitable, gainful, useful, advantageous [opp. haïi]: baát lôïi useless, harmful; caàu lôïi to seek profit; danh lôïi glory and gain [of office]; haùm lôïi greedy; ích lôïi useful; truïc lôïi to exploit; tieän lôïi convenient; vuï lôïi profitseeking, mercenary lôïi duïng v. to take advantage of, to avail oneself of lôïi haïi n. advantages and disadvantages; pros and cons lôïi ích n. use, advantage lôïi khí n. [sharp] instrument, tool lôïi loäc n. benefit, profit, gain; income lôïi quyeàn n. economic right, interests lôïi töùc n. income, revenue: thueá lôïi töùc income tax lôûm chôûm adj. uneven, rugged lôïm adj. nauseous: lôïm gioïng to be nauseous lôùn adj. [SV ñaïi] big, great, adult; grown up: cao lôùn tall; khoân lôùn grown up; ngöôøi lôùn adult; roäng lôùn big; to lôùn big lôùn con adj. tall lôùn lao adj. big, grandiose; large lôùn tieáng v. to speak loudly lôùn tuoåi adj. elderly lôùn xaùc adj. big in body lôûn vôûn v. to stick around, to loiter lôïn n. (= heo) pig, hog, swine: chuoàng lôïn pigpen, pigsty; loø lôïn slaughter-house; thòt lôïn pork; thuû lôïn pig’s head; moõm lôïn pig’s snout lôïn caùi n. sow lôïn con n. piglet lôïn ñöïc n. boar lôïn loøi n. wild boar lôïn naùi n. sow lôïn röøng n. wild boar lôïn seà n. old sow lôïn söõa n. suckling pig lôïn yû n. fat pig lôùp n. layer, stratum, bed; class, grade, rank: lôùp hoïc classroom; taàng lôùp social classes; thöù lôùp order, ranking; leân lôùp to go up the next higher grade luaän v. to discuss, to consider: baøn luaän, ñaøm luaän to discuss; baøi luaän composition, essay, dissertation; bình luaän to comment; tam ñoaïn luaän syllogism; baát luaän, voâ luaän no matter, regardless; coâng luaän public opinion luaän aùn n. dissertation, thesis [for a degree] luaän ñeà n. subject, topic luaän ñieäu n. argument, line luaän giaûi v. to comment and explain luaän lyù hoïc n. logic [as a science] luaän ngöõ n. the Analects of Confucius luaän thuyeát n. theory, doctrine luaän vaên n. essay, dissertation luaät n. law, rule, regulation: vi phaïm luaät to violate the law; tuaân theo luaät to abide by the law; coâng luaät public law; daân luaät civil law; döï luaät draft, bill; ñònh luaät scientific law; hình luaät penal code; phaùp luaät the law; ñuùng luaät legal, lawful; traùi luaät illegal, unlawful; tröôøng luaät school of law luaät gia n. lawyer luaät hoïc n. law studies luaät khoa n. law [subject of law]: tröôøng ñaïi hoïc luaät khoa school of law, faculty of law luaät leä n. rules and regulations luaät phaùp n. the law luaät sö n. lawyer luùc n. moment, instant (= khi), time [when something happens]: luùc aáy a moment ago, at that time; luùc ñoù [at] that time; Luùc naøo? When?; luùc naøy at this time; coù luùc there are times; laém luùc several times, many times; trong luùc while luùc la luùc laéc v. See luùc laéc luùc laéc v. to swing: luùc laéc caùi noâi cho em beù to swing the baby’s cradle luùc nhuùc v. to swarm, to teem luïc 1 num. six (= saùu): ñeä luïc chu nieân sixthyear aniversary 2 v. to record, to copy: kyû kuïc record; muïc luïc table of contents; sao luïc to make a copy 3 v. to search, to rummage: luïc ngaên keùo tìm hoà sô to search documents in the drawers luïc baùt n. the six-eight meter [in Vietnamese poetry] luïc boä n. the six ministers of the old monarchy [laïi, hoä, leã, coâng, hình vaø binh = Interior, Finances, Rites, Public works, Justice and War] luïc ñòa n. mainland, continent luïc ñuïc v. to be in disagreement, to quarrel, to be in conflict luïc giaùc n. hexagon luïc laïo v. to search luïc laêng n. hexagon luïc loïi v. to search 142 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH löø luïc loä n. public works [coâng chaùnh more luïng thuïng adj. [of clothes] too big luoäc v. to boil [food, but not water]; to sterilize: modern] luoäc tröùng to boil an egg; luoäc rau to boil luïc phuû n. the six internal organs luïc quaân n. army [as opp. to navy, air force]: vegetables Myõ quoác Luïc quaân Hoïc hieäu U.S. Military Academy; Boä tröôûng Luïc quaân Secretary of the Army luoäm thuoäm adj. careless, untidy: aên maëc luoäm thuoäm to dress up untidily luïc soaùt v. to search luïc söï n. clerk [of the court] luïc suùc n. the six domestic animals [horse, ox, luoân 1 adv. [follows main verb] often, frequent- ly; always, continually, unceasingly 2 adv. to do all at once, in one operation, at the same time goat, pig, dog, and fowl] luoân luoân adv. very often, always luïc tænh n. the six original provinces of South luoân mieäng v. to talk incessantly luoân moàm v. to talk incessantly Vietnam; the southern provinces Luïc Xaâm Baûo n. Luxembourg luoân tay v. to work all the time luïc xì n. medical examination of licensed luoân theå adv. at the same time prostitutes luoàn v. to pass, to sneak [through], to slip lui v. (= luøi) [SV thoaùi] to withdraw, to recoil: underneath thaùo lui, ruùt lui to retreat; ñaùnh lui to push luoàn cuùi v. to bow, to humiliate oneself back luoàn loûi v. to bow, to humiliate oneself; to get lui tôùi v. to frequent things done luùi huùi adj. bent over some work luoàn luïy v. to kowtow to [an official], to humililuùi xuøi adj., v. untidy, to be untidy; to live humbly ate oneself luøi 1 v. to step or move back(ward); to back up luoáng n. furrow, bed [in garden] 2 v. to roast [sugar cane, potatoes] in ashes luoáng cuoáng v. to be bewildered, to be perplexed, to lose one’s head luûi thuûi v. to walk or work alone luïi baïi adj. ruined, destroyed luoàng n. current [of ideas tö töôûng], gust, draft lum khum adj. to be curved, arched [of wind gioù]: luoàng ñieän electrical current; luùm adj. dimpled luoàng aâm thanh sound wave luøm n. cluster, grove: luøm caây tre a cluster of luïp xuïp adj. [of house] low and dark luït v. to flood, to inundate bamboo luùn v. to sink, to sag, to cave in luït loäi n., adj. flood, inundation; flooded, inunluùn phuùn adj., v. [of beard] scattered; to start dated to grow; [of rain] to drizzle luyõ n. rampart, wall, hedge: luõy tre bamboo luøn adj. short [not tall] [opp. cao]: ngöôøi/thaèng hedge; chieán luõy the war front [military] luøn dwarf luyõ thöøa n. power [of a number] luïn v. to finish, to end luyõ tieán adj. progressive luïn baïi adj. ruined luî 1 v. to cause trouble, to annoy: luî ñeán ngöôøi khaùc to cause trouble to other people lung adj. excessive; unsure lung laïc v. to try to influence, to persuade 2 n. (= leä) tears luyeán v. to be fond of, to long for, to be someone attached to: quyeán luyeán to be attached to lung lay v., adj. to be shaking, unsteady; [of luyeán aùi v. to love tooth] be loose lung tung adj. confounded, embarrassed, over- luyeán tieác v. to feel a nostalgia for, to regret whelmed, awkward, clumsy luyeän v. to refine [metals]; to train [people]: luøng v. to hunt for, to look for huaán luyeän, reøn luyeän to train; taäp luyeän to drill luûng v. to perforate, to have a hole luûng ca luûng cuûng v. to clash luyeän kim n. alchemy; metallurgy luûng laúng v. to be pendent, to dangle luyeän taäp v. to drill, to practice, to exercise: luõng ñoaïn v. to control [market], to monopoluyeän taäp noùi tieáng Vieät to practice speaklize, to rig: luõng ñoaïn thò tröôøng to rig the ing Vietnamese market lö höông n. incense burner luïng thaø luïng thuïng adj. See luïng thuïng löø v. to glower, to stare angrily at 143 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH löø ñöø hanging in the air: boû löûng to leave unfinished, unattended löûng lô adj. hanging in the air; half-done löõng chöõng v. to toddle löõng lôø adj. wavering, hesitant; indifferent löõng thöõng v. to walk slowly or leisurely löôïc 1 n. comb: löôïc thöa large-toothed comb 2 v. to baste, to tack, to sew loosely or with journey long stitches to hold the work temporarily löa thöa adj. scattered, sparse, thin löôïc dòch v. to translate briefly löùa n. brood, litter; height, category, class: löùa löôïc ñoà n. sketch, diagram heo a litter of piglets; ñoâi löùa couple; vöøa ñoâi löôïc söû n. summarized history phaûi löùa well matched löôïc thuaät v. to summarize, to give a short löøa 1 n. donkey, ass 2 v. to deceive, to trick, to report cheat: ñaùnh löøa to cheat; bò löøa, maéc löøa to löôùi n. net, web: ñaùnh löôùi to catch [fish, bird] be cheated with a net; maïng löôùi vi tính toaøn caàu löøa caùi n. she-ass Internet löøa con n. ass’s foal löôøi adj. lazy löøa doái v., adj. to deceive; deceitful löôøi bieáng adj. lazy löøa ñaûo v. to swindle, to defraud löôõi n. tongue; blade [of knife]: uoán löôõi to roll one’s tongue [to produce a drill]; choùp löôõi, löøa gaït v. to dupe, to deceive, to cheat ñaàu löôõi tip of the tongue, apex; cöùng löôõi löûa n. [SV hoaû] fire, flame: chöõa löûa to stop a fire; binh löûa, khoùi löûa war, warfare; xe löûa tongue-led; leø löôõi, theø löôõi to stick out one’s train; baät löûa cigarette lighter; lính chöõa löûa tongue; löôõi dao knife blade fireman; ñaù löûa flint; nuùi löûa volcano löôõi caøy n. plough share löïa v. to select, to choose: löïa choïn to choose löôõi caâu n. fish hook löïc n. strength, ability, power (= söùc): söùc löôõi gaø n. uvula; tongue [of shoe]; valve: löôõi löïc strength; maõ löïc horsepower; nghò löïc gaø hình naép flap valve; löôõi gaø hình caàu ball energy; aùp löïc pressure; baát löïc incapable; valve cöïc löïc strongly, energetically; ñoäng löïc löôõi leâ n. bayonet moving force; binh löïc armed forces; hôïp löïc löôõi lieàm n. sickle löôõi trai n. visor [on cap] to unite; kieät löïc exhausted; naêng löïc ability; thöïc löïc real strength; quyeàn löïc power, löôøm v. to look askew at with anger, to scowl at authority; nguyeân töû löïc atomic energy; hoïc löôïm v. to pick up, to collect, to gather [news, löïc ability [of student]; taän löïc with all of etc.] one’s strength; thöïc löïc real strength löôïm laët v. to gather, to accumulate löïc ñieàn n. farmer, farm hand löôn n. eel: maét löôn small-eyed löïc löôõng adj. robust, husky löôn leïo adj. crooked, dishonest löïc löôïng n. strength, force(s) löôøn n. side löïc só n. athlete löôïn v. to hover, to soar, to glide löng n. back [of body, furniture]: thaét löng, löông n. salary, wages, pay: tieàn löông salary; daây löng belt, sash; guø löng hunch-backed; lónh löông to get paid; soå löông payroll; aên löông coâng nhaät to be paid by the day ñau löng backache; ngaû löng to lie down löng chöøng adj. half way, half done löông boãng n. salary [and allowances] löng löûng adj. [of stomach] almost full löông daân n. law-abiding citizens löng voán n. capital löông duyeân n. happy marriage löøng v. to resound, to pervade: hoa thôm löøng löông ñoáng n. pillars of the state fragrant flowers löông höôùng n. pay, wages löøng danh adj. famous, well-known löông khoâ n. dry provisions löøng khöøng adj. indifferent löông laäu n. salary, wages löøng laãy adj. very famous, renowned löông taâm n. conscience löûng adj. half-finished, half-full; half-done; löông thieän adj. honest, law-abiding: soáng löø löû löõ löõ löõ löõ löõ löõ ñöø adj. indolent, lazy; slothful adj. tired out, worn out ñieám n. inn, hotel ñoaøn n. brigade haønh v. to travel khaùch n. traveler quaùn n. inn, hotel thöù v. to stop at a remote place during one’s 144 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH lî löông thieän to be law-abiding löu tröõ v. to conserve, to preserve: sôû löu tröõ löông thöïc to supply food löu vong adj. exiled: chính phuû löu vong coâng vaên bureau of archives löông thöïc n. food [supplies]: cung caáp löông tri n. intuitive knowledge löông y n. good physician/doctor löôøng 1 v. to measure: ño löôøng to measure government in exile löu vöïc n. [river] valley, basin löu yù v. to pay attention [ñeán to]; to call [some- 2 v. to deceive, to cheat: löôøng gaït khaùch one’s] attention haøng to cheat customers löôõng cöïc n. bipolar löôõng löï adj., v. hesitant, undecided; unable to make up one’s mind löôõng vieän n. House of Representatives and Senate, two chambers löôïng 1 n. capacity; quantity [as opp. to quality phaåm]: phaåm chaát vaø soá löôïng quality and quantity 2 v. to measure, to gauge; to estimate: löôïng khoaûng bao nhieâu tieàn to estimate the amount of money löôïng giaùc hoïc n. trigonometry löôïng thöù v. to pardon, to forgive löôïng tình v. to pardon out of sympathy löôïng töû n. quantum löôïng xeùt v. to examine, to take into consideration löôùt v. to glide; to pass quickly; to glance through; to scamper löôùt möôùt adj. soaking wet löôït n. time, turn, round; layer, coat: ñoïc ba löôït to read three times; laàn löôït in turn, to take turns löôït thöôït adj. [of clothes] loosely hanging löu v. to stay, to stop, to detain, to keep: löu moät baûn cho toâi to keep a copy in a file löu danh v. to leave a good reputation löu ñaøy v. to exile, to banish löu ñoäng adj. mobile, roving, itinerant löu haønh v. to circulate [currency] löu hoaøng n. sulfur löu hoïc sinh n. boarder löu huyeát n. bloodshed löu huyønh n. sulfur: löu huyønh boät flowers of sulfur löu laïc v. to be wandering löu loaùt adj. fluent löu luyeán v. to be attached to, to be fond of löu ly n. parting, separation löu taâm v. to pay attention to, to concern oneself with löu thoâng v. to communicate, to circulate löu truù v. to reside, to live, to stay löu truyeàn v. to hand down, to pass tradition down löïu n. pomegranate ly 1 n. glass, cup: ly röôïu wine glass 2 n. mil- limeter; tiny bit: phim 16 ly 16-millimeter film ly bieät v. to separate from, to part ly dò v. to divorce: xin ly dò to apply for a divorce ly hoân v. to divorce ly höông v. to go abroad, to leave one’s native land ly khai v. to dissociate oneself from, to break away from ly kyø v., adj. acting strangely; marvelous, extraordinary: caâu chuyeän ly kyø strange story ly taùn v. [of a ground, family] to disperse, to be scattered ly taâm adj. centrifugal [opp. höôùng taâm] lyù n. reason, ground, common sense, argument: lyù do reason; coù lyù to be right, reasonable; chaân lyù truth; höõu lyù logical; voâ lyù absurd lyù lyù lyù lyù lyù do n. reason hoaù n. physics and chemistry hoïc n. physics leõ n. reason, argument lòch n. personal history, curriculum vitae: vieát baûn sô yeáu lyù lòch keøm theo ñôn xin vieäc to enclose a curriculum vitae with one’s application lyù luaän v., n. to reason, to argue; argument lyù soá n. fortune-telling: nhaø lyù soá fortune-teller lyù söï adj., v. reasonable; to reason, to argue; to be argumentative lyù taøi n. finance; money matter lyù thuù n., adj. interest; interesting lyù thuyeát n., adj. theory; theoretical: hoïc lyù thuyeát cuõng nhö thöïc haønh to learn the theory as well as the practice trí n. intellect, knowledge tröôûng n. head of a village töôûng n., adj. an ideal; ideal töôûng hoaù v. to idealize n. dysentery: bò beänh kieát lî to have dysentery lyù lyù lyù lyù lî 145 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ma M maõ maõ ma 1 n. ghost, phantom 2 n. funeral: ñöa ñaùm maõ ma to attend a funeral [procession]; thaây ma maï naõo n. agate taáu n. scimitar thöôïng adj. generous 1 n. rice seedling: gieo maï to sow rice seedlings 2 v. to plate [with gold vaøng, silver ma caø boâng n. vagrant, tramp baïc]: maï baïc to silver-plate; maï ñoàng to copper-plate; maï keàn to nickel-plate; maï Ma Cao n. Macao vaøng to gold-plate ma chay n. funeral ceremonies ma coâ n. pimp, pander maùc 1 n. knife, scimitar 2 n. [Fr. marque] make, ma duùt n. [Fr. mazout] oil, fuel, diesel oil brand: maëc aùo quaàn coù maùc noåi tieáng to ma giaùo adj., adv. dishonest; cheatingly: buoân wear clothes of a well-known brand baùn ma giaùo dishonest business Maùc-xít n. Marxist ma men n. alcohol attraction, lure of drink Maïc Tö Khoa n. Moscow ma nheâ toâ n. magneto maùch v. to report, to tell, to inform; to recommend; to give information or clues in order to ma ni ven n. crank help: maùch cho baïn duøng moät loaïi thuoác ma quæ n. ghosts and devils, evil spirits Ma Roác n. Morocco toát to recommend a friend to try a good medicine ma saùt v. to rub: söùc ma saùt friction maùch baûo v. to inform, to advise ma tuyù n. narcotics, drug maùch leûo v. to tell tales; to denounce ma vöông n. Satan maùch queù v. to lie, to bluff; to use profanity ma xoù n. ghost of house corners maïch n. pulse, vein, [blood] vessel [with chaån, maù 1 n. cheek: goø maù cheekbone; ñaùnh maù baét, coi, xem to take]: baét maïch to check hoàng to apply rouge on the cheeks 2 n. one’s pulse; maïch maùu blood vessel; ñoäng maïch artery; tónh maïch vein (= meï) mother, mommy [used by child to mother] maïch ñieän n. electric circuit maù ñaøo n. pink cheek; woman: phaän maù ñaøo maïch laïc adj., n. coherent; cohesion, coherwoman’s fate ence, clarity maù hoàng n. rosy cheek; woman maïch nha n. malt maù luùm ñoàng tieàn n. dimpled cheeks mai 1 n. tomorrow: saùng mai tomorrow mornmaø 1 adv. but, yet, and: daãu maø even though; ing; chieàu mai tomorrow afternoon; nay mai soon 2 n. hoe, large-blade spade 3 n. matchvaäy maø yet; ñeå maø in order to; nhöng maø but; theá maø yet 2 conj. that, in which, at maker: oâng mai/baø mai matchmaker 4 n. which, where-in, where-at 3 intj. final particle shell [of turtle ruøa, crab cua, squid möïc]: mai cua crab’s shell 5 n. R apricot, plum: oâ mai to emphasize the meaning of command maø caû v. to bargain, to haggle: giaù nhaát ñònh, salted apricots, salted prunes khoâng maø caû fixed prices, no bargaining mai danh aån tích v. to seclude oneself from maø laïi conj. but the world maø thoâi adv. no more and no less, only mai haäu n. future, posterity: laøm vieäc cöïc nhoïc ñeå mai haäu cho con chaùu to work hard maû n. grave, tomb: boác maû to exhume the bones and transfer them elsewhere; moà maû for our children’s future graves and tombs mai kia adv. soon, later on maõ 1 n. effigy, paper article burned in ancestral mai moát adv. soon, in a few days’ time rituals: ñoà maõ to be false, junky, fragile 2 n. mai moät v. to be lost, to disappear appearance, plumage; caliber: toát maõ having mai phuïc v. to lie in ambush mai sau adv. later, in the future good looks 3 n. yard [measure of length] 4 n. code: maät maõ secret code 5 n. horse (= mai taùng v. to bury a corpse, to arrange a funeral ngöïa); kî maõ cavalry; song maõ two horses maùi 1 n. roof: nhaø maùi ngoùi a roof-tiled house maõ binh n. cavalryman, horseman 2 n. [of chicken, bird] female: gaø maùi hen maõ hieäu n. code: maõ hieäu saõn phaåm product maùi cheøo n. oar, paddle code maùi ñaàu n. one’s hair Maõ Lai n. Malaysia, Malay maùi hieân n. porch roof; verandah maõ löïc n. horse-power maùi toùc n. one’s hair corpse 146 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH maøi v. to file, to sharpen, to grind: maøi dao to maïnh sharpen a knife; ñaù maøi whetstone maøi mieät v. to devote oneself to [work], to indulge in [pleasure] maûi v. to be absorbed [in a task]: maûi mieát to be busy with maõi adv. continuously, unceasingly, forever, all the time maõi daâm n., v. prostitution; to be a prostitute maõi loä n. bribe to highwaymen in ancient times; turnpike toll maõi maõi adv. for ever, eternally maïi v. (= baùn) to sell: thöông maïi trade, commerce; ñoaïn maïi definite sale maïi baûn n. salesman, comprador maïi quoác n. traitor man adj. false man di adj. savage, barbarous man maùc adj. immense, limitless man rôï adj. savage, barbarous maøn n. curtain, net; screen [with boû, buoâng to lower, vaét to pull up]: keùo maøn to raise the curtain; haï maøn to lower the curtain; maøn baïc silver screen; böùc maøn saét the iron curtain; Böùc maøn tre the bamboo curtain; maøn aûnh movie screen maõn 1 n. (= meøo) cat 2 v. to end, to finish, to terminate Maõn Chaâu n. Manchuria, Manchu maõn cuoäc n. the end of an affair or business maõn ñôøi adj. till the end of one’s life maõn haïn v. to complete, to finish, to be at the end of one’s term [in office, prison…] maõn khoaù v. to graduate: leã maõn khoaù graduation ceremony maõn kieáp adj. till the end of one’s life maõn kyø v. to expire maõn nguyeän adj. to be satisfied, content maõn phaàn v. to die maõn tang v. to end mourning for someone Maõn Thanh n. Manchu [dynasty] maõn yù adj. satisfied, satisfactory maïn n. area, region: maïn Bieân Hoaø in the area of Bien Hoa maïn ñaøm v. to converse, to talk in a friendly way mang 1 n. gill [of fish]: mang caù gills of fish 2 v. to bring or take with oneself, to carry; to wear: mang giaày to wear shoes; mang theo hoä chieáu to bring your passport with you mang maùng adj. vague: nhôù mang maùng to remember vaguely mang nôï v. to get into debts mang ôn v. to be grateful to: mang ôn ai ñaõ giuùp ñôõ mình to be grateful to someone who helped us mang tai n. temples mang tieáng v. to suffer discredit maùng 1 n. gutter, drain: röûa saïch oáng maùng to clean gutters 2 v. to hang up [clothes]: maùng aùo quaàn to hang up clothes maùng coû n. manger maøng 1 n. membrane 2 v. to care for, to be concerned with: khoâng maøng ñeán/tôùi danh lôïi not to be concerned with fame and profit maøng nheän n. cobweb maøng nhó n. ear-drum maøng oùc n. meninges maøng phoåi n. pleura maøng ruoät n. mesentery maøng trinh n. hymen maûng 1 n. fishing bamboo raft 2 adj. to be busy, absorbed 3 n. big mass, big piece: moät maûng ñaát roäng a big piece of land maõng caàu n. (= na) custard-apple maïng 1 n. web, net, network: maïng nheän cobweb; maïng löôùi network 2 n. veil 3 n. (= meänh) life [as opp. to death]; fate, destiny: sinh maïng human life; ñònh maïng destiny; aùn maïng murder; boû maïng to die; lieàu maïng to risk one’s life; tính maïng life 4 v. to darn: maïng aùo quaàn to darn clothes maïng löôùi vi tính toa toaøøn caà caàu n. Internet manh n. piece, rag: moät manh vaûi a piece of fabric manh moái n. clue: tìm cho ra manh moái to find a clue manh nha v. to bud, to begin manh taâm v. to have a bad intention maùnh n. trick, dodge: maùnh lôùi, maùnh khoeù tricks maønh n. blinds, shades maønh maønh n. blinds, shades maûnh 1 n. piece, bit, fragment, shrapnel; broken piece: coâ aáy maûnh khaûnh quaù rice field; moät maûnh vöôøn a small garden; moät maûnh kieáng beå a piece of broken glass 2 adj. thin, frail maõnh hoå n. ferocious tiger maõnh lieät adj. strong, intense, violent, fierce: ñaùnh nhau maõnh lieät fierce fighting maõnh löïc n. force, strength, power: maõnh löïc ñoàng tieàn power of money maõnh thuù n. wild beast maõnh töôùng n. brave general maïnh adj. strong, powerful; well 147 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH maïnh caùnh blood vessel; cho maùu to give blood; ngaân haøng maùu blood bank maïnh caùnh v. to have connections maïnh daïn adj. bold; brave maïnh gioûi adj. healthy, wel maïnh khoûe adj. strong, healthy maïnh meõ adj. strong, vigorous mao n. (= loâng) hair, fur mao daãn n. capillarity mao quaûn n. capillary maøo n. cock’s comb: maøo gaø cock’s comb maøo v. to begin, to start: khai maøo preamble; maùu maùu maùu maùu maøu maøu maøu cam n. nose bleed ñieân n. insanity, lunacy, dementia ghen n. jealousy muû n. blood ties, kinship n. [SV saéc] color da n. complexion meø adj. showy; colorful: aùo quaàn maøu meø colorful clothes maøo ñaàu to say a few introductory words maïo 1 v. to forge, to fake, to falsify: maïo chöõ kyù to falsify one’s signature 2 n. (= muõ) hat: vöông maïo crown maøu môõ adj. fat, fertile, rich: vuøng ñaát maøu môõ rich land area maøu saéc n. color, hue may 1 n., adj. [opp. ruûi] luck; lucky, fortunate: soá may good fortune; khoâng may, chaúng may unfortunate 2 v. to sew, to stitch, to make clothes: thôï may tailor; maùy may sew- maïo danh v. to assume another person’s name maïo hieåm v., adj. to take risks, to venture; adventurous ing machine maïo muoäi v. to make oneself bold enough, to may ño adj. made-to-measure, custom-made, venture tailor-made maïo nhaän v. to assume falsely [ownership rights, etc.]; to claim wrongly maùt adj. [of air] fresh, cool; [of body] feel fresh, cool: boùng maùt shade; gioù maùt breeze; nghæ maùt to take a summer vacation maùt maët adj. contented; well-off, comfortable maùt meû adj. cool, fresh: khoâng khí maùt meû fresh air maùt ruoät v. to be satisfied maùt tay adj. [of doctor] skillful maùt trôøi n. cool weather maït adj. base, mean, unlucky: maït soá mean/ unlucky fate maït cöa n. sawdust maït ñôøi n. the end of one’s life maït haïng n. lowest class maït kieáp n. the end of one’s life maït loä adj. at the end of a road: anh huøng maït loä [of a hero] at the end of one’s road/life maït saùt v. to insult, to abuse, to disparage maït vaän n. ill-luck mau adj. quick, rapid, fast: mau choùng/mau leï quick; noùi mau to speak fast; mau leân hurry up mau chaân adj. agile mau mieäng adj. fair-spoken mau tay adj. fast/quick mau trí adj. quick-witted maùu n. [SV huyeát] blood; temper, character: chaûy maùu to bleed; cuoäc ñoå maùu bloodshed; coù maùu maët well-to-do; haêng maùu to get angry; hoäc maùu to vomit blood; maïch maùu may may may may may maén adj. lucky oâ n. singlet ra adv. maybe, perhaps ruûi n. chance, risk saún adj. ready-made: mua aùo quaàn may saún to buy ready-made clothes may vaù v. to sew and mend, to do needle-work maùy 1 v. to wink at: maùy maét baïn ñi nôi khaùc to signal [by a wink] a friend to leave 2 n. [SV cô] machine, motor, engine: nhaø maùy, xöôûng maùy factory, plant; thôï maùy mechanic; boä maùy haønh chính government machinery; quaït maùy electric fan; thang maùy elevator, lift; xe maùy motorcycle; buùt maùy fountain pen maùy a aûûnh nh k kóó thua thuaäät so soàà n. digital camera maùy bay n. airplane: ñi baèng maùy bay to go by airplane maùy caøy n. plowing machine maùy cheùm n. guillotine maùùy chu ma chuûû n. network master/adminstrator maùy chöõ n. typewriter maùy cöa n. power saw maùy deät n. power loom maùy ñieän n. dynamo, generator maùy ñieän baùo n. telegraph machine maùy ñieän thoaïi n. telephone maùy ñieän toaùn n. (= maùy vi tính) computer maùy eùp n. press maùy ghi aâm n. tape recorder maùy haùt n. gramophone, phonograph maùy hôi nöôùc n. steam engine 148 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH maùy maùy maùy maùy huùt buïi n. vacuum cleaner in n. printing machine khaâu n. sewing machine khueách ñaïi n. amplifier, intensifier, maët maéc vieäc v. to be busy maëc 1 v. to wear, to put on [coat, trousers, enlarger: maùy khueách ñaïi cao taàng high frequency amplifier maùy laïnh n. air-conditioner maùy loïc n. filter maùy may n. sewing machine maùy moùc n. machinery: thôøi ñaïi maùy moùc machinery age maùy nöôùc n. hydrant: nhaø maùy nöôùc water works maùy phaùt ñieän n. generator maùy phaùt thanh n. radio transmitter maùy quay phim n. movie camera maùy thu thanh n. radio receiver maùy tieän n. lathe maùy tính n. calculator maùy tính caù caù nhaâ nhaân n. laptop, notebook maùy tuï ñieän n. condenser maùy vi aâm n. microphone maùy vi tính n. computer maùy xay luùa n. rice-hulling machine maøy pron. you [used by a superior to a(an) subordinate/inferior, an elder to a child arrogantly, first person pronoun being tao]: chuùng maøy you (guys) maøy n. [SV mi] eyebrow: loâng maøy eyebrows; keû loâng maøy to pencil one’s eyebrows; cau maøy to knit one’s brows maøy ñay 1 n. nettle-rash, urticaria 2 n. medal maûy may n. a fleck maéc 1 adj. (= ñaét) expensive 2 v. (= moùc) to hang onto a peg; to be caught in [net, trap, work, disease, debt] maéc aùo n. peg, coat hanger, coat rack maéc côõ v. to be shy, to feel shame: Ñöøng maéc côõ. Don’t be shy. maéc baän v. to be busy, to be occupied maéc baãy v. to be trapped, ensnared maéc beänh v. to be sick, to be ill maéc caïn v. to run aground maéc caâu v. to be hooked maéc cöûi v. to be at a criss-cross maéc keït v. to be caught in maéc löøa v. to be duped, to be deceived maéc möu v. to be trapped [because of a ruse] maéc naïn v. to run into an accident maéc ngheõn v. to be blocked, to be stranded maéc nôï v. to run into debt maéc ôn v. to be indebted [morally] to skirt, blouse, shirt]: maëc quaàn aùo to dress [someone]; aên maëc to dress 2 adj. leaving [someone, something] alone, not to care maëc caû v. to bargain maëc caûm n. complex maëc daàu conj. although maëc keä v. to leave alone, to ignore maëc nhieân adj. calm, indifferent, obvious maëc nieäm v. to observe [a minute’s] silence maëc söùc adv. without restraint, as much as one can: aên maëc söùc to eat as much as you can, all you can eat maëc thaây v. to leave alone, to ignore maém n. salted fish, shrimp: nöôùc maém fish sauce; maém möïc salted squid; maém toâm shrimp paste maén v., adj. [of woman, animal] to be fertile, not barren maèn thaén n. small meat-filled dumplings similar to ravioli, boiled in soup maën adj. salty [opp. nhaït, laït]; [of feeling] hearty; deepening; determined to [buy]: caù maën salty fish; nöôùc maën salt water [as opp. to nöôùc ngoït fresh water] maën maø adj. warm, cordial maêng n. bamboo sprout: maêng cuït mangosteen; maêng taây asparagus maêng ña n. [Fr. mandat] money order maêng soâng n. [Fr. manchon] gas mantle, Welsbach mantle maêng söõa n. youth, infancy, babyhood maéng v. to scold maéng chöûi v. to scold and curse maéng nhieác v. to vituperate maét n. [SV muïc, nhaõn] eye: ñau maét to have sore eyes; ñeå maét to lay one’s eyes upon; ñöa maét to take a quick look; lieác maét to glance; muø maét blind; nöôùc maét tears; nhaùy maét to wink; chôùp maét to blink; nhaém maét to close one’s eyes; to die maét caù n. astragalas, talus, anklebone maét keùm adj. poor-sighted maét laùc adj. squint-eyed, cross-eyed maét loaø adj. dim-sighted maét löôn n. small eyes maét oác nhoài n. goggle-eyes maét xanh n. a beautiful woman’s eyes maét xeách n. to have slant eyes maët n. [SV dieän] face; surface, side: beà maët face, surface, area; chöøa maët to avoid; coù maët 149 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH maët daøy to be present; ñuû maët all [present]; hoïp maët to get together; khuaát maët to be absent; laï maët stranger; thay maët cho to represent for maët daøy adj. shameless, brazen maët ñaát n. ground maët ñoàng hoà n. dial of a clock maët meït adj. shameless maët mo adj. shameless, brazen maët muõi n. face, countenance maët naï n. mask maët ngoaøi n. outside [appearance] maët phaûi n. right side; truth maët phaúng n. plane: maët phaúng naèm ngang horizontal plane; maët phaúng naèm nghieân inclined plane maët traùi n. wrong side; tail maët traêng n. the moon maët traän n. battlefront; front maët trôøi n. the sun maâm n. food tray [wooden or copper, round or square] maàm n. sprout, shot, germ: moïc maàm, naåy maàm to sprout, to bud maân v. to feel, to palpate: maân moù to touch maàn v. (= laøm) to work, to do maàn thinh v. to keep quiet maãn caùn adj. diligent, quick-minded maän n. plum: caây maän plum tree maáp maùy v. [of lips] to move gently maáp meù v. to reach almost up to maáp moâ adj. [of ground] uneven maäp adj. (= beùo) fat, portly maäp maïp adj. chubby, fat maâp môø adj. dim, unclear, ambiguous maát v. [SV thaát] to lose, to spend [money, time]; to cost, to take; to be lost, wasted; to die maát coâng v. to labor in vain, to waste labor maát daïy adj. ill-bred maát giaù adj. depreciated maát goác adj. uprooted, to be torn away from the original maát loøng v., adj. to hurt; hurting, be offended maát muøa v. to have a bad harvest maát nguû adj. sleepless maát tích adj. missing maát trinh v. to be deflowered maát vía v. to be scared out of one’s wits maät 1 n. honey: maät ong honey; maät mía molasses; traêng maät honeymoon 2 n. bile, gall: tuùi maät gall bladder; to gan lôùn maät bold, daring 3 adj. secret: bí maät secret, mysterious maät baùo v. to report secretly maät ñaøm n. confidential talks, secret talks maät ñieän n. confidential telegram, code telegram, cipher telegram ñoä n. density leänh n. secret order maõ n. secret code thaùm n. police inspector, investigator, spy, police(man), detective; cf. coâng an maät thieát adj. [relationship] close, intimate maät öôùc n. secret agreement or treaty maâu n. lance: xaø maâu spear maâu thuaãn n., v. contradiction; to contradict [vôùi] maáu n. knot, notch: maáu xöông protuberance [on bone] maàu n. See maøu maàu adj. miraculous: pheùp maàu miracle maàu nhieäm adj. miraculous, marvelous maåu n. piece: moät maåu baùnh mì a piece of bread maãu 1 n. Vietnamese acre, mow: maãu ta [= 3,600 square meters]; maãu taây hectare 2 n. model, sample, pattern [tailor’s]: göông maãu model, example; kieåu maãu model, sample; laøm maãu to serve as a model 3 n. mother (= meï): thaân maãu mother; keá maãu stepmother; toå maãu grandmother maãu aâm n. vowel: baùn maãu aâm semi-vowel maãu ñôn n. peony tree maãu giaùo n. nursery, kindergarten maãu haïm n. aircraft carrier: haøng khoâng maãu haïm aircraft carrier maãu heä n. matriarchy maãu quoác n. mother country maäu dòch n. trade: quan heä maäu dòch trade relation; maäu dòch quoác doanh state store maây 1 n. [SV vaân] cloud (CL ñaùm or aùng) 2 n. rattan, cane: gheá maây cane chair; roi maây rattan switch maây möa n., v. sexual intercourse, lovemaking; to have sex maáy adv. How much? How many?; some, a few: Maáy giôø? When? What time is it?; Maáy tieáng ñoàng hoà? How many hours?; Em leân maáy? How old are you?; Möôøi maáy? Ten and how many?; Hoâm nay muøng maáy? What day of the month is it today? maáy thuôû adv. as only very occasionally, rarely: maáy thuôû gaëp ai to meet someone rarely me 1 n. tamarind: caây me tamarind tree 2 n. (= meï) mother, you [used by mother to child] maät maät maät maät 150 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH mieân man me taây n. Vietnamese woman married to a French man me xöø n. [Fr. monsieur] Mr., Sir. [so-and-so] meùù n. space, area [near the edge or demarcation] me meø n. (= vöøng) sesame: rang meø to roast sesame meø nheo v. to bother [with requests] meø xöûng n. sesame candy meû 1 n. catch [of fish, shrimps]; beating, thrashing; batch: moät meû caù a catch of fish 2 n. rice ferment 3 adj. to be chipped, nicked, jagged: cheùn söùt meû a chipped bowl meï n. [SV maãu] mother: tieáng meï ñeû mother tongue; meï con mother and child; boá meï/cha meï father and mother, parent meï choàng n. mother-in-law [of a woman] meï ñeû n. mother meï ñó n. the mother of our little girl, my wife meï gheû n. stepmother meï mìn n. child kidnapper meï nuoâi n. foster mother, adoptive mother meï vôï n. mother-in-law [of a man] men 1 n. leaven, ferment, yeast 2 n. enamel, glaze 3 v. to go along the side/edge: ñi men theo bôø soâng to go along the river bank meùo adj. semi-round shape: meùo moù deformed meùo maët v. to worry oneself too much meøo n. [SV mieâu] cat: meøo con kitten; meøo caùi she-cat meïo n. ruse, expedient, stratagem meùp n. corner of the mouth; edge, border: raâu meùp mustache; beûm meùp, muùa meùp to have a glib tongue; moàm meùp to be a good talker meùt 1 adj. pale: maët taùi meùt/xanh meùt pale face 2 n. [Fr. metre] meter meït n. flat winnowing basket meâ v. to be unconscious; to sleep soundly; to be infatuated: nguû meâ to sleep soundly; naèm meâ to dream [in sleep]; noùi meâ to talk in sleep; thuoác meâ anesthetic; buøa meâ philter; ham meâ to have a passion for; hoân meâ unconscious, delirious meâ hoaëc v. to deceive meâ hoàn adj. fascinating meâ loä n. maze meâ man v. to be unconscious, to be in a coma meâ maån v. to be bewitched meâ saûng v. to be delirious meâ tín v., adj. to be superstitious; superstitious, to blindly believe in meà n. gizzard: meà gaø chicken gizzards meà ñay n. [Fr. médaille] medal Meã Taây Cô n. Mexico, Mexican meách loøng v. to offend, to hurt someone meàm adj. [SV nhu] soft, tender, flexible [opp. cöùng]: baùnh meàm soft cake meàm deûo adj. pliable, flexible, supple meàm loøng adj. discouraged meàm maïi adj. supple, very soft meàm moûng adj. compliant, yielding meàm nhuõn adj. soft, very soft meàm yeáu adj. weak Meân n. Cambodia, Cambodian: Cao Meân Cambodia meán v. to be fond of, to love: yeâu meán to love; kính meán, quí meán to love and respect; caùc baïn thaân meán! Dear friends meàn n. (= chaên) blanket meânh moâng adj. immense, vast meänh n. (= maïng) life, fate, destiny: sinh meänh, tính meänh life; soá meänh, vaän meänh fate, destiny meänh meänh meänh meänh chung v. to die, to pass away danh v. to call, to name ñeà n. clause, predicate leänh n. order: ban meänh leänh to give an order meänh moät v. to happen to die meät v., adj. to be tired, exhausted; unwell: laøm vieäc khoâng bieát meät to work tirelessly meät döø adj. exhausted meät löû adj. very tired meät moûi adj. tired, worn out meät nhoaøi v. to be exhausted meät nhoïc v., adj. tired, weary meät nhöø v. to be exhausted meáu v. to get ready to cry mi n. (= maøy) you [arrogrant] mi n. eyelid: loâng mi eyelashes mí maét n. eyelid mì 1 n. wheat, bread: luùa mì wheat; baùnh mì bread; boät mì wheat flour 2 n. noodles, Chinese noodles: mì xaøo ñoà bieån fried noo- dles with seafood mò v. to flatter, to coax mò daân v. to be demagogic mía n. sugarcane: nöôùc mía sugarcane juice mæa v. to speak ironically, to be ironical: khoâng neân mæa laøm gì shouldn’t be ironical mæa mai v., adj. to ridicule; to be ironical, sarcastic Mieân n. Cambodia, Cambodian: Mieân Hoaøng the King of Cambodia mieân man adj. never-ending 151 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH mieân vieãn mieân mieán Mieán mieàn mieãn vieãn adj. lasting, durable n. vermicelli (= buùn taøu) Ñieän n., adj. Burma, Burmese n. region, area v. to be exempt, free [from taxes, labor]; to forgive: mieãn thueá to be tax-exempt, dutyfree mieãn chaáp v. to forgive mieãn chöùc v. to be dismissed from office mieãn cöôõng adj. unwilling, reluctant mieãn dòch v., adj. to immunize; to be exempt from military service mieãn laø adv. provided that, on condition that mieãn nghò v. to absolve, to dismiss mieãn phí v. to be free-of-charge mieãn thöù v. to forgive mieän n. hat, crown: vöông mieän crown; leã gia mieän coronation mieáng n. morsel, piece, slice, bite; plot [of land]: moät mieáng thòt a slice of meat; moät mieáng baùnh a piece of cake mieäng n. [SV khaåu] mouth: suùc mieäng to rinse one’s mouth; aên traùng mieäng to eat dessert; ñoà traùng mieäng dessert mieät n. region, area: mieät vöôøn garden area; mieät döôùi down under mieät maøi v. to wallow, to be wrapped up in [passion, work, hobby]: mieät maøi laøm vieäc to be wrapped up in working mieät thò v. to disdain, to defy mieâu taû v. to depict, to describe: mieâu taû cuoäc soáng ôû thaønh thò to describe a life in the city mieáu n. temple, shrine: gia mieáu family shrine; Khoång mieáu Temple of Confucius; Vaên mieáu Temple of Literature mieãu n. small shrine mím v. to tighten [lips moâi] mæm cöôøi v. to smile mìn n. [Fr. mine] mine [military]: coát mìn dynamite; giaät mìn to dynamite, blow up mòn adj. [of skin] smooth, silky minh adj. bright, clear: bình minh dawn; phaân minh fair; thanh minh to explain oneself; thoâng minh intelligent; vaên minh civilized; civilization minh baïch adj. clear, explicit minh chaâu n. oriental pearl minh chuû n. leader of alliance or revolution; oath-taker minh hoaï v. to illustrate: minh hoaï cho moät cuoán saùch to illustrate a book minh maãn adj. clear-sighted, intelligent minh nguyeät n. bright moon minh oan v. to explain an injustice minh tinh n. movie stars minh öôùc n. pact, treaty: Minh öôùc Baéc Ñaïi Taây Döông North Atlantic Treaty; Minh öôùc Ñoâng Nam AÙ Southeast Asia Treaty mình n. body, you [between husband and wife]: chuùng mình inclusive we [you and I]; töï mình oneself; moät mình by oneself mình maåy n. body mít n. jackfruit mít ñaëc adj. thick-headed, completely dull mòt môø adj. very dark, pitch dark mòt muø adj. dim and distant mo n. sheath [of areca leaf] moù v. to touch [object preceded by ñeán/tôùi, vaøo]: sôø moù ngöôøi naøo to touch somebody moø adj. groping for [in water or in the dark]; hunting for [women]: moø cua groping for crabs; noùi moø speaking without knowledge moø maãm v. to grope; to feel one’s way moû 1 n. beak, bill 2 n. mine, quarry: moû than coal mine; ñaøo moû to be a gold digger; kyõ sö moû mining engineer; khai moû to exploit a mine; phu moû miner moû aùc n. sternum moû haøn n. soldering-iron moû leït n. [Fr. molette] monkey wrench moû neo n. anchor moõ n. wooden fish [hollow piece of wood which a town crier beats while making his announcements or which a Buddhist monk beats while saying prayers]: goõ moõ to beat a wooden fish moùc v. to hook; to draw out with fingers, to pick [pocket]: moùc tuùi to pick pockets moïc v. to rise; [of plant] to grow: maët trôøi moïc the sun rises; caây moïc plants grow moi v. to pull out, to dig up, to dig out: moi tieàn to extort money moøi 1 n. herring 2 n. sign, omen: coù moøi to have a chance to moûi adj. weary, tired [followed by name of body part, such as chaân, goái, löng, maét, tay–leg, knee, back, eyes, hand]: moûi chaân tired legs moïi adj. every, all [verb preceded by ñeàu]: moïi nôi everywhere; moïi khi every time; moïi ngöôøi everybody moùm adj. toothless moùm meùm v. [of old toothless person] to chew moûm n. cape, promontory moõm n. muzzle, snout 152 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH moái mon men v. to try to get near, to approach gradually moùn n. dish on the menu; course [dinner]; item; sum [of money], loan; subject [of study]: moùn nôï tinh thaàn moral debt moùn bôû n. interesting business moøn adj. worn out or down [because of friction]: hao moøn worn-out, weakened moïn adj. small, humble, trifling, insignificant: heøn moïn humble; leõ moïn concubine; nhoû moïn small, mean; vieäc moïn small job mong v. to expect, to wait; to hope: chôø mong to wait; mong ñôïi to hope mong ñôïi v. to expect, to wait mong manh adj. weak, thin, fragile, delicate mong moûi v. to expect or to desire impatiently mong nhôù v. to think of, to miss: mong nhôù ngöôøi naøo to miss someone mong öôùc v. to wish, to hope for moùng 1 n. nail [of finger or toe], hoof, claw: moùng tay finger nail 2 n. foundation [of building]: xaây moùng nhaø to build the foundation of a house moùng chaân n. toe nail: ñaùnh moùng chaân to polish toe nails moùng tay n. finger nail: caét moùng tay to cut finger nails; thuoác ñaùnh moùng tay fingernail polish moûng adj. thin, frail, fragile, delicate [opp. daày] moûng dính adj. very thin moûng manh adj. frail, fragile, delicate moûng maûnh adj. fragile, flimsy moûng moâi adj. gossipy, loose-tongued moûng tanh adj. paper-thin moïng adj. succulent: moät chuøm nho chín moïng a bunch of succulent grapes moùp adj. hollow, sunken, flattened moùt v. to glean: moùt luùa ngoaøi ñoàng to glean rice in the fields moùt v. to desire [to urinate ñaùi or to defecate æa] moït n. termite, wood-boring worm, moth moït saùch n. bookish person moâ n. mound: maáp moâ [of ground] uneven mound moâ 1 pron. (= gì, ñaâu) What? Where? 2 n. tissue [biology]: moâ thaàn kinh nerve tissue moâ bì n. epithelium moâ hình n. model [miniature] moâ phaïm n. model, example, norm: nhaø moâ phaïm educator moâ phoûng v. to imitate, to copy moâ taû v. to describe, to render moâ thöùc n. pattern moà n. [SV moä] grave, tomb moà coâi adj. orphaned: nhaø moà coâi, tröôøng moà coâi orphanage; moà coâi cha fatherless; moà coâi meï motherless moà hoùng n. soot moà hoâi n. sweat, perspiration: ra moà hoâi to perspire; cuûa moà hoâi nöôùc maét hard-gotten fortune moà maû n. graves, tombs moå 1 v. to peck 2 v. to kill [fowl, pig] for food; to cut open, to operate on: moå heo laøm tieäc to kill a pig for a party moå xeû v. to dissect, to have an operation on: khoa moå xeû surgery moä 1 v. to recruit [soldiers, labor, followers]: tuyeån moä lính to recruit soldiers 2 n. grave, tomb (= moà, maû): xaây moä cho ai to build one’s tomb; ngaøy taûo moä memorial day moä chí n. tombstone moä ñaïo adj. devout moä ñòa n. graveyard, cemetery moä phaàn n. tomb, grave moác 1 adj., n. mildewed, musty, moldy; mildew, mold 2 n. landmark, boundary: caém moác chia vuøng to set up landmarks for zoning moác meo adj. moldy all over moác xì adv. nothing at all: trong tuùi chaû coù moác xì gì caû nothing at all in one’s pocket moäc 1 n. shield (= khieân) 2 n. wood (= goã); tree, timber: thôï moäc carpenter; baøn goã moäc a wooden table; ñoà moäc woodwork moäc lan n. magnolia moäc maïc adj. simple, unaffected moäc nhó n. cat’s ear, job’s ear [mushroom] moäc tinh n. Jupiter moâi 1 n. lip [with mím to close]: saùp/son moâi lipstick; ñaùnh moâi son to apply lipstick; aâm hai moâi bi-labial; aâm moâi raêng labiodental; khua moâi muùa moû to boast, to brag; söùt moâi harelip 2 n. go-between, intermediary 3 n. ladle CL caùi moâi giôùi n. intermediary, matchmaker: laøm moâi giôùi to serve as a matchmaker moâi nhaân n. matchmaker, go-between moâi tröôøng n. environment: baûo veä moâi tröôøng thieân nhieân to protect the natural environment moái 1 n. termite, white ant, pest: dieät moái to control termites 2 n. end [of entangled thread or string]: gôõ moái daây bò roái ra to loosen the end of an entangled string 3 n. a classifier 153 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH moái haøng noun prefix added to certain verbs in order to create a noun: moái hy voïng hope; moái lo aâu worry; moái nguy hieåm dangers 4 n. liaison; marriage or business go-between moái haøng n. customer moái manh n. cause, origin moái tình n. love moài n. prey, bait; charge: mua moài ñi caâu caù to buy bait for fishing; laøm moài cho to fall prey to moãi num. each: moãi ngaøy each day; moãi ngöôøi each person moàm n. [SV khaåu] mouth (= mieäng): haù moàm to open one’s mouth; laém moàm to be talkative, gossipy; caâm moàm, im moàm to shut up moân n. (= cöûa) door; field or subject of study; specialty, game, sport: moân boùng chyeàn volleyball game; chuyeân moân to specialize; specialty; moân tieáng Anh English subject moân baøi n. commercial license moân ñeä n. disciple, follower, student moân ñoà n. disciple, follower moân phaùi n. school of thought, sect moàn moät adj. clear, evident, manifest: nghe roõ moàn moät to hear clear sound moâng n. buttock, bottom: tieâm thuoác vaøo moâng to inject medicine into one’s bottom Moâng n. R Mongolia, Mongolian: Ngoaïi Moâng Outer Mongolia; Noäi Moâng Inner Mongolia Moâng Coå n. Mongolia, Mongolian moâng quaïnh adj. immense and deserted moáng 1 n. rainbow 2 n. body, person moäng n. dream: aùc moäng nightmare; aûo moäng illusion, daydream; mô moäng daydreaming; ñoaùn moäng to explain dreams; coõi moäng dream-land moäng aûo adj. visionary; unreal moäng tinh n. wet dream, nocturnal emission moäng töôûng n., v. to dream, to be in a reverie; illusion, vision moát 1 n. (= kia) the day after tomorrow: mai moát in a day or two 2 num. one [following a numeral after twenty, thirty ..., but not möôøi itself or a hundred, thousand]: hai möôi moát 21; hai traêm moát 210; ba nghìn moát 3,100; boán vaïn moát 41,000 3 n., adj. [Fr. mode] style, fashion; to be fashionable: moát môùi new fashion moät num. [SV nhaát] one, a, an; each: moãi moät each; vôõ kòch moät hoài one-act play; moät khi once [something happens]; thaùng möôøi moät November; con moät only child; moàng/muøng moät the first day of the month; muoân moät one chance out of ten thousand; möôøi moät eleven; naêm moät one each year, one (child) every year; töøng nhaø moät one by one, each house; töøng ngöôøi moät one person at a time moät loøng adj. loyal [vôùi to] moät mình adj. by oneself, alone moät möïc adv. invariably, stubbornly moät theå adv. at the same time, at one moät vaøi num. a few mô 1 n. apricot: quaû/traùi mô apricot fruits 2 v. to dream: giaác mô a dream mô hoà adj. vague, indefinite mô maøng v. to dream mô moäng v., adj. to dream, to be in a state of reverie; dreamy mô töôûng v. to dream of, to desire mô öôùc v. to dream of, to desire môù n. tray [of roasted sticky rice coám], layer [of clothes quaàn, aùo], bundle, mass [of materials taøi lieäu], a lot: mua moät môù rau to buy a bundle of vegetables môø adj. dim, vague, unclear, blurred: lôø môø unclear; lu môø to wane, to grow dim, be outshone; maäp môø unclear, confused, vague, ambiguous môø aùm adj. suspicious, fishy môø mòt adj. obscure, somber, blank, dark: moät töông lai môø mòt a dark future môû v. [SV khai] to be open; to open [opp. ñoùng]; to start; to hold [exam, contest]; to turn on [light, water, etc.]: heù môû half-open, ajar; uùp môû to be unclear, not precise; môû ñeøn leân to turn on the light môû ñaàu v. to open, to begin: môû ñaàu chöông trình ca nhaïc to begin a musical performance môû ñöôøng v. to make the way accessible môû haøng v. to start a sale, to be the first customer in a shop môû mang v. to develop: môû mang ñaát nöôùc to develop the country môû maët adj. honored, successful môõ n. fat, grease [beef or mutton]: beùo môõ fat; nöïc chaûy môõ sweltering heat; maïng môõ peritoneum môï n. aunt [wife of one’s uncle caäu], mother’s younger brother’s wife môùi 1 adj. [SV taân] new; just recently happened [opp. cuõ] 2 adv. to be or to occur only then; truly: coù theå ta môùi xöùng ñaùng laø… only then will we deserve… môùi cöôùi adj. newly-wed 154 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH muõi môùi ñaàu adv. at first, at the beginning mua leû v. to buy at retail môùi ñaây adv. recently, lately mua só v. to buy wholesale môùi ñeû adj. newborn: ñöùa beù môùi ñeû newborn mua vieäc v. to bring oneself trouble mua vui v. to seek pleasure, to amuse oneself baby môùi laï adj. new, unusual muùa v. [SV vuõ] to dance [ritually, with fan quaït môùi meû adj. new, recent, fresh: tin töùc môùi or sword kieám]: muùa may to dance, to move meû fresh news around; muùa quaït to dance with fans môùi nguyeân adj. brand-new: moät chieác xe muùa meùp v. to talk, to chatter môùi nguyeân a brand new car muùa voõ v. to do shadow-boxing môùi roài adv. recently, lately muøa n., adj. [SV quí] season; time, tide; harvest, crop: gaïo muøa 10th-month rice [as opp. môùi tinh adj. brand-new môøi v. [SV thænh] to invite: môøi khaùch to invite to gaïo chieâm fifth-month rice]; traùi muøa a guest; thö môøi/giaáy môøi letter of invitation; thieáp môøi invitation card unseasonable; gioù muøa monsoon; boán muøa the four seasons; maát muøa to lose a harvest; môøi moïc v. to invite ñöôïc muøa to have a good harvest môùm v. to feed from beak to beak or mouth muøa ñoâng n. winter to mouth; to prompt, to prime: buù môùm to be muøa haï n. (= muøa heø) summer muøa maøng n. harvest, crop breast-fed môùm lôøi v. to prompt, to prime muøa thu n. autumn môn v. to to smooth with one’s fingers; to start: muøa xuaân n. spring môn cho ai noùi to start someone talking muùc v. to ladle out, to scoop out [with spoon môn môûn adj. very young; freshly tendered thìa, dipper gaùo]: muùc canh vaøo baùt to ladle mu n. shell, carapace [of turtle ruøa], back [of soup into a bowl muïc 1 adj. [of wood] to be rotten; decayed: human hand baøn tay]: mu ruøa shell of turtle muø adj. blind: muø maét blinded; ngöôøi muø a goã muïc naùt rotten wood/timber 2 n. section, blind man; tröôøng muø school for the blind column [in newspaper], item: muïc phuï nöõ the muø chöõ adj. illiterate: naïn muø chöõ illiteracy women’s column muø loaø adj. blind muïc ñích n. aim, purpose, objective, goal muø mòt adj. somber, uncertain muïc ñoàng n. shepherd muø quaùng v., adj. to act blindly; blind muïc kích v. to witness, be an eye witness of muø tòt adj. blind as a bat; ignorant muïc luïc n. table of contents muû n. pus; sap, latex [of rubber tree]: muû caây muïc nhó n. (dried) thin-top mushroom cao su latex of rubber trees; möng muû to muïc sö n. Protestant minister, pastor, clergybecome a pussy man muõ n. hat, cap [any kind but conical or flat muïc tieâu n. objective, target, purpose ones]: boû/caát muõ to take off a hat; ñoäi muõ to mui n. roof, top [of car, rickshaw, boat]: xe boû mui convertible car wear a hat muõ daï n. felt hat muùi n. section [of orange cam, grapefruit böôûi, muõ löôõi trai n. cap [with visor] tangerine quít, jackfruit mít, mangosteen muõ noài n. beret maêng cuït]: aên maáy muùi böôûi to eat some slices of a grapefruit; khoâng xô muùi gì not to muõ rôm n. straw hat muõ saét n. steel helmet get one penny of the profit muï 1 n. old woman, matron: baø muï midwife muøi n. smell, odor, scent; color; taste, flavor: 2 v. to become dull/torpid: hoïc quaù muï ngöôøi röôïu muøi liquor; neám muøi to taste; beùn muøi to become sluggish from too much study to take to, get used to; coù muøi to smell [bad]; mua v. [SV maõi] to purchase, to buy [opp. baùn] naëng muøi to smell bad mua baùn v. to shop; to trade muøi soa n. [Fr. mouchoir] handkerchief mua buoân v. to buy wholesale muøi vò n. taste mua chòu v. to buy on credit muûi loøng v. to be moved, to feel compassion mua chuoäc v. to lure, to entice with money, to muõi n. nose; nasal mucus; point [of knife dao]; get into somebody’s good graces cape [point of land]: muõi giaøy heel of shoe; mua laïi v. to buy secondhand muõi suùng muzzle of gun; muõi chæ stitch; khaâu 155 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH muûm mæm maáy muõi few stitches; hæ muõi to blow one’s nose; khòt muõi to sniff; loã muõi nostril; ngaït muõi to have a stuffed nose; soã muõi to have a runny nose; bòt muõi, böng muõi to stop one’s nose; chaûy maùu muõi to have a nose bleed; thính muõi to have a sensitive nose; noùi gioïng muõi to speak through the nose; soáng muõi bridge of the nose muûm mæm v. to smile muõm móm adj. plump, chubby mun n., adj. ebony muøn n. humus muûn adj. disintegrated muïn n. boil, pimple, carbuncle; piece, bit, odds and ends [of material, cloth] muøng n. (= maøn) mosquito-net muûng n. small bamboo basket: thuùng muûng basketware muoái n., v. salt; to salt: tröùng muoái salted egg; muoái caù to salt fish; ruoäng muoái salt marsh muoái bieån n. sea-salt muoái moû n. rock salt muoái tieâu n. salt and pepper muoái vöøng n. crushed salt grains and roasted sesame seeds muoãi n. mosquito: thuoác tröø muoãi mosquito repellent; veát muoãi ñoát/caén mosquito bite; ruoài muoãi flies, insects; muoãi ñoøn soùc Anopheles [mosquito] muoân num. [SV vaïn] myriad, ten thousand: muoân vaïn ngöôøi ñoùi khoå ten thousands of the poor; Muoân naêm! Long live…! muoân daân n. the whole population muoân ñôøi adv. eternally, for ever muoân moät adj. one chance in ten thousand, for the smallest part muoân phaàn adv. extremely: muoân phaàn khoù khaên extreme difficulties muoân thuôû adv. for ever, eternally muoân vaøn adv. a great many, a myriad, an uncountable amount of, boundless muoán v. to want, to desire: yù muoán will, desire; Trôøi muoán möa. It looks like rain.; ham muoán to covet; theøm muoán to covet muoän adj. to be late, tardy: muoän con to be late having children; muoän maát roài it’s too late muoâng n. [SV thuù] quadruped: chim muoâng animals muoáng n. bindweed; spinach: rau muoáng water spinach muoãng n. spoon: muoãng caø-pheâ coffee spoon muoát adj. very white: nöôùc da traéng muoát very white skin muùp míp adj. chubby, plump muùt v. to suck möa v., adj. to rain; rainy: gioït möa/haït möa raindrop; nöôùc möa rain water; aùo möa raincoat; muøa möa rainy season möa buïi n. drizzle möa daàm n. lasting rains möa ñaù n. hail möa gioù n. rain and wind, unfavorable weather möa naéng n. [weather] elements; rain or shine möa phuøn n. drizzle möa raøo n. shower, downpour möùa v. to leave [food, one’s own portion]: boû möùa unfinished möûa v. (= noân) to vomit: noân möûa to vomit möùc n. (= möïc) level, demarcation, line, standard: ñuùng möùc a right level; möùc soáng living standard möøng adj., v. pleased, glad; to congratulate: aên möøng to celebrate; chuùc möøng to congratulate, to wish; chaøo möøng to greet; ñoà möøng [wedding] present; tin möøng good news möøng quyùnh adj. overjoyed möøng rôõ v. to be very pleased möøng thaàm v. to rejoice inwardly möøng tuoåi v. to wish Happy New Year möôi num. ten [when numerated by a preceding unit numeral]; about ten: chín möôi ninety; möôi ngöôøi about ten people möôøi num. [SV thaäp] ten [when not numerated by a proceding unit numeral]: möôøi moät eleven; möôøi hai twelve; möôøi ba thirteen; thöù möôøi tenth; moät phaàn möôøi one tenth; thaùng möôøi October; gaáp möôøi tenfold möôøi möôi adv. surely: chaéc möôøi möôi 100 percent sure möôùn v. (= thueâ) to hire, to rent: möôùn nhaø to rent a house; möôùn xe to hire a car möôïn v. to borrow [money, tool], to hire: cho möôïn to lend möông n. gutter, ditch, canal Möôøng n. Muong [tribal name]: tieáng Möôøng Muong language [considered as archaic form of Vietnamese] möôøng töôïng v. to remember vaguely möôùp n. Italian squash, zucchini; fiber melon, vegetable sponge: traùi möôùp ñaéng bitter melon; raùch nhö xô möôùp ragged, tattered möôùt v. to trickle: söôùt möôùt to be crying; 156 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH naïm möôùt moà hoâi to perspire profusely naïc adj. [of meat] lean: mua thòt naïc to buy möôït adj. to be smooth and shining möùt n. preserved fruit, jam, marmalade: möùt lean meat naùch 1 n. armpit, under-arm: tay xaùch naùch nho raisins; möùt maän prunes mang loaded with packages and bundles 2 v. möu n. stratagem, ruse, trick: nhieàu möu keá/ to carry under one’s arm: ña möu a lot of stratagems, tricky möu möu möu möu nai 1 n. deer: thòt nai venison 2 v. to stretch [one’s back löng]: nai löng to toil cô n. scheme, plot meïo n. expedient, artifice, trick moâ n., v. scheme, plot; to plot phaûn n., v. conspiracy; to plan to betray; nai nòt v. to dress for battle or fighting naùi adj. female: heo naùi sow; toát naùi prolific naøi 1 v. to insist, to entreat: naøi xin ai vieäc gì to plot treason möu saùt v. to plot murder, to attempt to assassinate möu só n. strategist; adviser, mastermind möu sinh v. to make one’s living Myõ n. America, American: Chaâu Myõ the conti- nent of the Americas; Baéc Myõ North America; Trung Myõ Central America; Nam Myõ South America myõ adj. (= ñeïp) beautiful: myõ nhaân a beautiful lady; thaåm myõ esthetic myõ caûm adj. good feeling, good impression myõ hoaù v. to Americanize myõ kim n. U.S. dollar myõ leä adj. beautiful, lovely, attractive myõ maõn adj. [of results] satisfactory, perfect myõ mieàu adj. beautiful, good-looking myõ nhaân n. beautiful lady myõ nöõ n. pretty girl myõ quan n. beautiful looks Myõ quoác n. the United States of America myõ thuaät n. fine arts, art, esthetics: nhaø myõ thuaät artist: tröôøng myõ thuaät school of fine arts myõ tuïc n. good customs [used with thuaàn phong] myõ vò n. delicacies, nice dish: cao löông myõ vò luxury food myõ yù n. good intention N na 1 n. custard apple, sugar apple CL quaû, traùi (= maõng caàu): quaû na chín ripe custard apple 2 v. to carry; to tote na naù adj. analogous, similar Na Uy n. Norway: ngöôøi Na-Uy Norwegian naù n. arbalest, crossbow naõ 1 v. to seek, to hunt for [criminal]: naõ keû troäm to hunt for a thief; taàm naõ, truy naõ to extort 2 v. to pour, to shower: naõ ñaïn vaøo vuøng ñòch to fire shells into an enemy area to entreat someone for something; naøi næ to entreat very insistingly 2 n. ostler, mahout, jockey 3 v. to mind, to flinch from: khoâng naøi khoù nhoïc not to mind hard work naøi xin v. to beseech; to entreat: naøi xin ai vieäc to entreat someone for a job naûi n. hand, bunch [of bananas]: nam 1 n. south, southern: mieàn Nam Vieät Nam the south of Vietnam; ñoâng nam southeast; taây nam southwest 2 n. male; man [opp. nöõ]: phaùi nam male 3 n. (= trai) son: tröôûng nam eldest son Nam AÙ chaâu n. South Asia Nam Baêng Döông n. Antarctic Ocean Nam boä n. South Vietnam; southern part nam chaâm n. magnet nam cöïc n. South Pole Nam Döông n. Indonesia: ngöôøi Nam Döông Indonesian nam giao n. ceremony in honor of the sky and the earth Nam Haûi n. South Sea Nam Haøn n. South Korea nam kha n. empty dream Nam Kyø n. South Vietnam Nam Myõ n. South America nam nhi n. man, men [as opp. to woman, women phuï nöõ] nam nöõ n. male; female nam phaàn n. South Vietnam; southern part Nam Phi n. South Africa Nam Quan n. Vietnam-China’s Gateway nam sinh n. schoolboy Nam söû n. Vietnamese history [as opp. to Chinese history Baéc söû] nam trang n. man’s clothes [used in disguise] Nam Tö n. Yugoslavia, Yugoslav Nam Vang n. Phnom Penh Nam Vieät n. South Vietnam naïm 1 n. bunch, handful: moät naïm toùc a handful of hair 2 n. beef flank: phôû naïm soup with beef flank 157 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nan naïp 1 v. to charge [elect]; to load [gun]: naïp nan 1 n. bamboo slat/tape [used for basket or fan]: nan hoa spoke 2 adj. difficult (= khoù): tieán thoaùi löôõng nan to be in a dilemma nan giaûi adj. [of problem] hard to solve naùn v. to wait a little longer, to stay on for a while naûn v. to be discouraged, to lose heart, to recoil from difficulties: baïi khoâng naûn not losing heart when defeated; naûn chí, naûn loøng to lose heart naïn n. accident, danger, calamity, disaster, catastrophe, peril: naïn luït flood; hoaïn naïn unfortunate; daân laùnh naïn refugee naïn nhaân n. victims, casualties: giuùp ñôû naïn nhaân chieán tranh to help war casualties nang n. sack, bag, capsule: nang thöôïng thaän suprarenal; pheá nang lung alveola naøng n. lady, dame, young woman, she/her naøng daâu n. daughter-in-law naøng haàu n. concubine naïng n. crutches: choáng naïng to use crutches nanh n. tusk, fang nanh aùc adj. wicked, cruel nanh noïc adj. dangerous, cruel nanh vuoát n. wickedness; clutches naùnh v. to lean, to tilt on one side nao 1 v. to be stirred, to be perplexed: nao loøng to be perplexed 2 adv. which [see naøo]: Nôi nao? Where? [which place] nao nao v., adj. to be touched, upset, meandering nao nuùng v. to flinch, to be upset naùo ñoäng v. to stir, to disturb, to get into a flurry naùo nhieät v., adj. noisy, to be in an uproar; lively, bustling naùo nöùc v. to be excited naøo adv. Which …?, every, any; whichever; [in enumeration, precedes each item], Come on! [at beginning of a sentence]: Khi naøo? When? when [something happens]; Caùi naøo? Which one?; Choã naøo? Which place?; baát cöù ngöôøi naøo ñeán muoän whoever comes late naõo n. (= oùc) brain: ñau trong naõo to feel pain in one’s brain naõo boä n. encephalon naõo nuõng adj. sad, sorrowful naõo thaát n. ventricle naïo v. to grate; to squeeze: naïo döøa to grate a coconut naïo oùc v. to beat one’s brains naïo tieàn v. to extort money naïo thai v. to have an abortion bình ñieän to charge battery; naïp suùng to load a gun (= noäp) 2 v. to submit, to pay: naïp thueá to pay tax; naïp ñôn xin vieäc to submit an application for a job naùt adj. broken, crushed, rotten: ñaäp naùt to smash to pieces; xeù naùt to tear to pieces Naùt baøn n. Nirvana naùt beùt adj. completely crushed, ruined naùt döø adj. completely crushed, boiled to shreds naùt gan adj. worried, anxious naùt nhaøu adj. crumpled naùt töôm adj. broken to pieces naùt vuïn adj. smashed to bits naït v. to threaten: doaï naït to bully; naït noä ai to threaten someone naùu v. to hide, to take refuge: aån naùu to go into hiding nay adv., adj. this, these [of day, year]; at this time, at present, now: hoâm nay today; ngaøy nay nowadays; baáy nay, cho ñeán nay up to now, until this day; ba thaùng nay these three months; ñôøi nay in this world; laâu nay lately; xöa nay up to now nay kính pron. [convention] respectfully yours nay mai adv. soon in a day or two, in the near future nay thö pron. [convention] yours truly, faithfully yours, sincerely yours naøy adv., adj. this, these, here: nhaø naøy this house; naøy ñaây mai ñoù to go here and there; ñaây naøy here it is naûy v. to grow, to sprout, to bud; to bounce, to come suddenly naûy nôû v. to open, to bloom, to develop, to thrive naõy adv. [of moment] just past, recently: ban/ luùc, hoài naõy a while ago, recently naõy giôø adv. for a short while, a moment ago naïy v. to pry something open: naïy caùi naép hoäp ra to pry the cover off the box naëc danh adj. [of letter] anonymous naëc noâ n. woman hired to collect debts; coarse-mannered woman naêm 1 n. [SV nieân] year: naêm ngoaùi, naêm roài last year; naêm nay this year; sang naêm next year; quanh/suoát naêm all though the year; haøng naêm every year 2 num. [SV nguõ] five: ba giôø naêm five minutes past three; naêm möôi fifty; thöù naêm the fifth, Thursday; leân naêm to be five years old; moàng/muøng naêm the fifth day [of the month]; traêm leû naêm 105 158 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH neo söùc naëng weight; beänh naëng seriously ill; nghieän naëng strongly addicted naém 1 v. to hold in one’s fist, to clench, to close tightly, to grasp: naém tay laïi to clench one’s fist; naém thôøi cô to grasp at an opportunity 2 n. handful: moät naém côm a handful of cooked rice naém chaéc v. to have [something, success] secure in one’s hand; to grasp something firmly naém coå v. to nab, to grab: naém coå ai to grab someone naém giöõ v. to seize, to hold naém tay n. fist naém xöông n. bones, remains naèm v. to lie down: naèm nghieâng to lie on the side; naèm ngöûa to lie on the back; naèm saáp to lie on the stomach; naèm meâ/moäng to have a dream naèm beïp v. to be bedridden naèm beáp v. to be in childbirth naèm co v. to lie curled up naèm daøi v. to lie [idle] naèm meâ v. to have a dream naèm nguû v. to sleep naèm soùng söôït v. to be lying idle naèm vaï v. to lie down to protest naên næ v. to be insistent in making a request; to entreat naén v. to set back [something] into shape; to set [dislocated bone]; [of pickpocket] to feel with hands naén noùt v. to write carefully naèn nì v. to be insistent in making a request; to entreat naën v. to model [clay, ceramics, statue]; to squeeze out [milk, pus]; to fabricate [stories] naêng adv. often, frequently [precedes main verb]: sieâng naêng laborious, hard-working naêng löïc n. ability; power, energy naêng löôïng n. energy, power: naêng löôïng nguyeân töû nuclear energy naêng suaát n. productivity; power, capacity: taêng naêng suaát to increase productivity; naêng suaát huùt absorbent power; naêng suaát saùng illuminative power naéng n. sun, sunshine, sunlight: trôøi naéng it’s sunny; caûm naéng to get sunstroke; taém naéng to sunbathe; aùnh naéng sunlight, sunshine naéng chang chang adj. bright and sunny; under a blazing sun naéng hanh adj. dry and sunny naèng naëc v. to stubbornly insist naëng adj. heavy, weighty; [of illness]; serious [of smell, cigarette, liquor]; strong [opp. nheï]: naëng neà adj. heavy naëng tai adj. hard of hearing naëng trình tròch adj. very heavy naëng tróu adj. overloaded naép n. cover, lid [of box]: ñaäy naép to put on the cover naép hôi n. valve: naép hôi an toaøn safety valve naác 1 v. to hiccup: naác cuït hiccough 2 n. degree, notch; step, grade naám n. mushroom: moïc leân nhö naám to spring up like mushrooms naám moà n. mound on a grave; grave, tomb naäm n. decanter, flask, wine bottle naán naù v. to procrastinate, to linger naâng v. to pick up and support, to raise or lift naâng ñôõ v. to help, to suppor naâng niu v. to fondle, to pamper naãng v. to steal, to swipe naáp v. to hide naáp boùng v. to get under someone’s protection naâu adj. brown naáu v. to cook: naáu côm to cook rice, to do cooking naáu nöôùng v. to cook, to do the cooking naãu adj. [of fruit] too ripe, rotten: naãu ruoät, naãu gan to be sorrow-stricken, ineffable naây n. flabby fat naáy adv. [demonstrative, referring back to a previous definite naøo, gì, ai]: ai naáy everyone [ñeàu precedes verb]; caùi naøo caùi naáy every one of them; cha naøo con naáy like father, like son naåy v. to bounce; to sprout neù v. to dodge, to avoid neû v. to be chapped, to crack nem n. pork roll [of pork hash], Vietnamese pork ham nem neùp adj. to be shy, timid, fearful, respectful neùm v. to throw, to hurl, to cast: neùm ñóa disc throwing; neùm taï shotputting neùn 1 v. to press down, to squeeze, to crush: khí neùn pressed air 2 n. classifier for bars of gold vaøng, joss sticks höông: neùn höông a joss-stick neùn loøng v. to control oneself, to contain oneself neo 1 adj. short of [help] 2 n., v. anchor; to anchor: boû/thaû neo to cast anchor; keùo neo 159 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH neùo to raise anchor; nhoå neo to heave, to weigh anchor neùo v. to tighten, to pull tight neûo n. way, direction: noùi moät ñöôøng laøm moät neûo to talk in one way but act in another neùp v. to hide oneself: kheùp neùp to stand aside deferentially neïp n. edge, rim, hem neùt n. stroke [of pen, brush], line: neùt buùt, neùt chöõ a stroke of the pen; neùt maët countenance, facial feature neâ n. pretext, excuse [with laáy to use] neà 1 n. to apply mortar, to plaster: thôï neà bricklayer 2 v. to mind: khoâng neà haø never mind neå v. to have respectful consideration for, to respect: kính neå ngöôøi giaø caû to have respectful consideration for the elderly neå maët v. to have regard for: neå maët baïn beø to have regard for friends neå nang v. to have respectful consideration for neå vì v. to have consideration for neä v. to persist neâm n., v. wedge; to wedge, to pack in: neâm caùi cöûa cho an toaøn to wedge the door securely; chaät nhö neâm jampacked neám v. to taste [food] neäm n. mattress: neäm boâng a cotton-padded mattress neân 1 conj. as a result, consequently; that is why; therefore 2 v. to be obliged [to do something], ought to, must, should neán n. candle, taper CL caây, ngoïn [with thaép to light, ñoát to burn]: thaép neán to light a candle neàn 1 n. foundation, basis: xaây neàn nhaø to build the foundation of a house; neàn ñoäc laäp independence 2 n. classifier noun: neàn trôøi sky; neàn vaên hoùa culture; neàn vaên minh civilization; neàn töï do freedom; neàn daân chuû democracy; neàn kinh teá economy; neàn thöông maïi trade; neàn kó ngheä industry neàn moùng n. foundation: xaây döïng neàn moùng giaùo duïc to build a foundation for education neàn neáp n. good family, good stock neàn taûng n. foundation, base neän v. to trample [earth, dirt], to ram down; to strike, to beat neáp 1 n. glutinous [rice] [opp. teû]: côm neáp glutinous rice [cooked like ordinary rice]; gaïo neáp glutinous rice [raw] 2 n. crease, fold, habit neáp soáng n. life, way of life neáp nhaø n. family ways, family customs and practices neáp teû n. glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice; truth and falsehood neát n. [good] behavior, manners, morals: maát neát to have loose morals, to be out of control; tính neát character neát na adj. virtuous, well-behaved neâu 1 v. to bring up; to set [example göông]: neâu göông cho moïi ngöôøi to set an example for everyone 2 n. Tet’s bamboo stick, New Year’s bamboo stick neáu conj. if: neáu khoâng if not, otherwise neáu theá adv. if that’s the case, if so neáu vaäy adv. if that’s the case Nga n. Russia, Russian: Baïch Nga White Russia(n); Xích Nga Red Russia(n) Nga Soâ n. Soviet Russia ngaø n. elephant tusk: ngaø voi ivory; thaùp ngaø ivory tower; ñuõa ngaø ivory chopsticks ngaø ngaø adj. tipsy ngaû 1 n. direction along a road or path; way 2 v. to lean, to incline; to kill [animal for food]; to fell [tree]; to take off [hat]: ngaû noùn chaøo ai to take off one’s hat to greet someone ngaû löng v. to lie down; to rest for a short time ngaû nghieâng v. to be indecent, to waver ngaõ v. to fall down, to tumble down: daáu ngaõ mark for broken rising tone ngaõ ba n. crossroads, intersection; turning point ngaõ baåy n. intersection with seven directions [in Saigon] ngaõ choàng keành v. to fall backwards, to fall on one’s back ngaõ giaù v. to agree on a price ngaõ guïc v. to collapse ngaõ loøng v. to be discouraged, to be disheartened ngaõ nguõ adj. settled, concluded ngaõ ngöûa v. to fall on one’s back; to be shocked ngaõ nöôùc v. to be affected with malaria ngaõ saùu n. intersection with six directions [in Saigon] ngaõ saáp v. to fall flat on one’s face ngaõ tö n. crossroads, intersection ngaïc nhieân v. to be surprised ngaùch n. branch, ramification, arm [of river]; back street, alley ngaïch 1 n. threshold 2 n. scale, roll of regular employees, payroll of status employees [with nhaäp, vaøo to enter, be admitted into] ngai n. throne: ngai vua, ngai vaøng king’s throne 160 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ngaøy ngaùi nguû adj. still sleepy after getting up, not ngaønh ngoïn adj. all the details, all the ins fully awake ngaøi 1 n. silkworm butterfly 2 n., pron. you, Your Excellency [used of officials], he, she [used of deities and persons with high status] ngaûi n. moxa, sagebrush, mugwort: ngaûi cöùu mugwort ngaõi n. (= nghóa) righteousness, faithfulness: nhaân ngaõi lover ngaïi v. to mind an inconvenience or difficulty, to be hesitant, to be worried, to be fearful: aùi ngaïi to pity, to feel sorry [cho for]; e ngaïi to be afraid; ñaùng ngaïi worth worrying about; lo ngaïi to worry; ngaàn ngaïi to hesitate; nghi ngaïi to suspect, to fear; trôû ngaïi obstacle ngaïi nguøng v. to hesitate, to waver ngan n. swan, goose ngaùn v. to be discouraged; to be tired of ngaøn 1 num. (= nghìn) thousand: möôøi ngaøn ten thousand; moät traêm ngaøn (= möôøi vaïn) one hundred thousand; haøng ngaøn thousands of 2 n. mountains and forests ngaïn n. river bank: taû ngaïn left bank; höõu ngaïn right bank ngaïn ngöõ n. folk saying ngang 1 adj. horizontal, transversal; to be wide [as opp. to doïc]; to be level with; to cross: ngang qua ñöôøng to cross the road; beà/chieàu ngang width; ngang haøng equal; ñoø ngang ferryboat; ñöôøng ngang shortcut 2 v. to act rudely, arrogantly without fuss or consideration for other people: röôïu ngang moonshine; illicitly distilled liquor; ngang nhö cua to be very stubborn, to act strangely; chôi ngang debauched; ngheânh ngang arrogant ngang böôùng adj. stubborn, obstinate: con ngöôøi ngang böôùng a stubborn person ngang daï v. to lose one’s appetite because of eating between meals ngang haøng adj. same; the same rank ngang ngöôïc adj. perverse ngang nhieân adv. proudly, rudely ngang tai adj. unpleasant, disagreeable [to the ear] ngang taøng adj. rude, inconsiderate, arrogant, unruly ngaùng v. to strip [somebody]; to bar, to hinder: ngaùng ñöôøng ñi to obstruct the road ngaønh n. branch [of river, family, study], level [of educational system]: ngaønh ñaïi hoïc higher education, tertiary education ngaønh ngheà n. trade, profession and outs ngaûnh v. (= ngoaûnh) to turn in another direction, to turn away [coå, ñaàu, maët]: ngaûnh ñaàu laïi to turn one’s head ngaïnh n. hook, beard [of fish hook, spear] ngao n. oyster; shell ngao du v. to travel, to roam, to wander about for pleasure ngao ngaùn v. to be disappointed, to be disgusted ngaùo n. bugbear, bogey ngaøo v. to cook in syrup, to coat with sugar by boiling slowly ngaøo ngaït adj. pervasive, overwhelming [scent]: muøi thôm ngaøo ngaït a pervasive fragance ngaïo v. to mock, to be arrogant, to scoff at: kieâu ngaïo haughty, arrogant ngaïo maïn adj. haughty, ridiculous, disrespectful towards one’s superiors ngaïo ngöôïc adj. insolent, impertinent ngaùp v. to yawn: ngaùp ngaén ngaùp daøi to yawn repeatedly ngaùt adj. very sweetly scented ngaït v. to be choked, to be stifled, to breathe with difficulty: ngaït thôû to breathe with difficulty; ngaït muõi to be stuffy; cheát ngaït asphyxiated, suffocated ngay adj. straight, erect; to be righteous, honest [opp. gian]: laøm ngay to act right away, immediately [follows main verb]; ngay baây giôø right now ngay caû adv. even, no exception ngay ñô adj. stiff, stark ngay laäp töùc adv. at once, right away, immediately ngay löng adj. lazy, slothful ngay maët adj. dumbfounded, speechless ngay ngaùy v. to be worried ngay ngaén adj. straight, tidy, neat, upright: aên ôû ngay ngaén to behave in an upright manner ngay thaúng adj. straightforward, honest, righteous ngay thaät adj. sincere, honest ngay xöông adj. lazy, slothful ngaùy v. to snore ngaøy n. [SV nhaät] day, daytime: ban ngaøy in the daytime; caû ngaøy all day; ñeâm ngaøy night and day; haøng ngaøy every day, daily; laâu ngaøy long time ago; moãi ngaøy each day; nöûa ngaøy half a day; suoát ngaøy all day long; toái 161 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ngaøy hoäi ngaøy throughout the day; moät ngaøy gaàn ñaây in the near future; hai ngaøy moät laàn every two days; moät ngaøy kia someday ngaøy ngaøy ngaøy ngaøy day ngaøy ngaøy ngaøy ngaøy ngay ngaøy ngaøy hoäi n. festive day, festival hoâm kia n. day before yesterday hoâm nay n. today hoâm sau n. the next day, the following kia n. day after tomorrow kìa n. in three days leã n. holiday mai n. tomorrow nay n. nowadays nghæ n. holiday, day off raèm n. the fifteenth day of the lunar month ngaøy ngaøy ngaøy ngaøy ngaøy ngaøy sau adv. later on sinh n. date of birth Teát n. New Year festival, Tet holiday thaùng n. date tröôùc n. formerly, in the old days xöa n. the old days; once upon a time, in the past ngaéc ngoaûi v. to be in agony ngaéc ngö v. to hum and ha, to stumble ngaêm adj. [of skin] tanned, dark: da ngaêm ngaêm slightly dark skin ngaém v. to take aim; to behold a view, to gaze at or upon [scenery, picture], to watch: ngaém caûnh ñeïp to gaze at a beautiful landscape ngaém nghía v. to look at, to gaze at many times ngaém vuoát v. to spruce oneself up ngaên 1 n. separation, partition, compartment, drawer 2 v. to prevent, to partition, to stop, to block, to obstruct: ngaên phoøng laøm vieäc ra laøm ba to partition the room into three parts; can ngaên to dissuade; to advise against ngaên caùch v. to separate ngaên caám v. to prohibit ngaên caûn v. to prevent, to hinder ngaên keùo n. drawer ngaên naép adj. orderly, tidy: caên phoøng ngaên naép a tidy room ngaên ngöøa v. to prevent: ngaên ngöøa beänh taät to prevent diseases ngaên trôû v. to prevent, to hinder ngaén adj. short [of length] [opp. daøi]: moät chuyeán ñi ngaén a short trip ngaén nguûi adj. [of time] short, brief ngaét 1 v. to pick, to plunk [flower, fruit]; to interrupt [speech], to punctuate [sentence]: ngaét hoa to pick flowers; ngaét caâu to punctuate sentences; ngaét lôøi ai to interrupt someone 2 adv. very, excessively: xanh ngaét very green; buoàn ngaét very sad; laïnh ngaét very cold; laëng ngaét completely silent; teû ngaét very sad; tím ngaét deep purple ngaët adj. strict, severe, stern: leänh nghieâm ngaët strict orders ngaët ngheøo adj. difficult, hard, severe, serious: caên beänh ngaët ngheøo serious illness ngaët ngheõo v., adj. to split one’s sides with laughter ngaët vì adv. unfortunately; however it’s unfortunate that ngaâm 1 v. to soak, to marinate: ngaâm quaàn aùo tröôùc khi giaët to soak clothes before washing; ngaâm giaám to pickle 2 v. to recite [poetry] in a chanting voice: ngaâm thô to recite poems ngaám v. to be soaked, to be impregnated; [of alcohol, medicine] to absorb; to start to be felt ngaám ngaàm adv. secretly ngaàm adj. secret [first or second verb in series]: ngaám ngaàm to be secret; taàu ngaàm submarine; hieåu ngaàm to understand, to read between the lines; ñaù ngaàm reef; ñöôøng ngaàm tunnel; xe ñieän ngaàm subway ngaãm v. to think over, to reflect upon: suy ngaãm to think over ngaãm nghó v. to think over, to reflect upon ngaäm v. to hold something [candy, toothpick] in one’s mouth; to close the mouth: ngaäm keïo to hold a candy in one’s mouth; ngaäm mieäng to close one’s mouth ngaäm nguøi v. to grieve for, to feel sorry for ngaäm vaønh adj. grateful ngaân 1 v. to vibrate, to shake, to resound 2 n. silver, money (= baïc): ngaân haøng bank; phaùt ngaân to pay out; thu ngaân vieân cashier ngaân baûn vò n. gold/money standard Ngaân Haø n. the Milky Way ngaân haøng n. bank: ngaân haøng Quoác gia the National Bank; ngaân haøng maùu blood bank; thoáng ñoác ngaân haøng the Governor of the bank ngaân khoá n. Treasury: Toång ngaân khoá General Treasury ngaân nga v. to trill ngaân phieáu n. check, money order: traû baèng ngaân phieáu to pay by check ngaân quyõ n. fund, budget, treasury: ngaân quyõ döï aùn project budget 162 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ngheån ngaân saùch n. budget: ngaân saùch quoác gia national budget ngaán n. wrinkle, line, fold: coå cao ba ngaán a neck with three folds ngaàn n. quantity, number, measure, moderation, that much, this many: ngaàn aáy, ngaàn naøy this much; voâ ngaàn innumerable ngaàn ngaïi v. to hesitate, to be irresolute ngaàn ngöø v. to hesitate ngaån v. to look dumbfounded, dumb; to be stunned: ngaån maët, ngaån ngöôøi, ngoài ngaån ngöôøi ra moät luùc laâu to sit stunned for a long while ngaån ngô v. to be stirred, to be stupefied, to be confused [because of melancholy]: ngaån ngô vì tình to be stupefied by love ngaãng v. to raise, to lift [coå neck, ñaàu head, maët face]; to look up: ngaãng ñaàu to raise one’s head ngaáp ngheù v., adj. looking furtively; covert ngaäp v. to be flooded, to be submerged: traøn ngaäp to overflow; nguy ngaäp dangerous; ngaäp luït flooded; ngaäp tôùi maét caù ankledeep; ngaäp tôùi ñaàu goái knee-deep ngaäp ngöøng adj., v. hesitant; to hesitate, to halt, to stumble ngaát 1 v. to be unconscious, to swoon, to faint: ngaát ñi vì bò ngaõ to be unconscious after falling 2 adj. very high, very tall, up to the sky; dizzy: nhöõng toaø nhaø cao ngaát trôøi high-rise buildings ngaát nga ngaát ngheåu adj. See ngaát ngheåu ngaát nga ngaát ngöôõng adj. See ngaát ngaây ngaát adj. delighted, thrilled, enraptured ngaây thô adj. naive, innocent, artless, guileless: moät ñöùa beù ngaây thô an innocent boy ngaáy 1 v. to have had enough of, to be sick and tired of [phaùt to become] 2 v. to shiver with cold, to feel feverish: ngaây ngaáy to feel a bit feverish ngaày ngaø v. to importune, to bother nghe v. to listen to, to hear, to be heard nghe chöøng v. it seems nghe ñaâu v. it is said that nghe ngoùng v. to be on the lookout for [news] nghe nhö conj. it seems nghe troäm v. to eavesdrop ngheù n. buffalo calf ngheù maét v. to glance at, to peep at ngheø 1 n. holder of doctor’s degree in SinoVietnamese classics 2 n. little temple, roadside shrine ngheùn v. to be pregnant: thai ngheùn, coù ngheùn to be pregnant; oám ngheùn to have morning sickness ngheõn adj. [of road] blocked, obstructed ngheïn v. to be choked ngheïn lôøi v. to be speechless ngheïn ngaøo v. to be choked with tears ngheøo adj. [SV baàn] to be poor [opp. giaøu]: keû ngheøo the poor, the needy; hieåm ngheøo dangerous ngheøo ñoùi adj. poor and starving ngheøo khoù adj. needy, indigent ngheøo khoå adj. poor and wretched ngheøo naøn adj. poor, needy ngöôõng ngheïo v. to tilt [one’s head] to one side ngaát ngheåu adj. very tall and tottering; ngeït adj. strangled, choked, suffocated, perched stopped up, obstructed ngaát ngöôõng adj. staggering, unsteady, sway- ngheâ thöôøng n. rainbow-colored clothes [used ing by immortal fairies in dancing] ngaát trôøi adj. skyscraping, sky-high ngheà n. [SV ngheä] profession, trade, craft, ngaâu adj. sudden and brief shower [in seventh occupation: nhaø ngheà professional lunar month]: möa ngaâu shower in the sevngheà nghieäp n. profession, trade, occupation ngheà ngoãng n. [slang] occupation, job enth lunar month ngaâu ngaáu adj. crunchy ngheä n. profession, trade (= ngheà): kyõ ngheä ngaáu nghieán v. to eat greedily, to devour: aên industry; baùch ngheä polytechnic; coâng ngheä ngaáu nghieán to eat greedily crafts; industry; vaên ngheä arts and letters; myõ ngheä fine arts ngaàu adj. turbid, muddy, bloodshot ngaãu höùng n. sudden inspiration ngheä só n. artist ngaãu löïc n. a couple of forces ngheä thuaät n. art: ngheä thuaät vì ngheä thuaät ngaãu nhieân adv. to be accidental, by accident art for art’s sake ngaãu soá n. even number ngheách v. to raise, to lift one’s head ngaây v., adj. naive, looking stupid; bewildered: ngheån v. to stretch, to crane one’s neck: ngaây ngoâ naive ngheån coå to crane one’s neck 163 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ngheânh ngheânh v. to welcome (= ñoùn): hoan ngheânh nghò quyeát n. decision, resolution to welcome nghò só n. senator, congressman, deputy, memngheânh ñoùn v. to welcome: ngheânh ñoùn ai to ber of parliament [MP] nghò söï n. item of business: chöông trình welcome someone ngheânh ngang adj. to be cumbersome; swag- nghò söï agenda nghò vieân n. congressman, councilor gering, haughty, arrogant ngheânh tieáp v. to welcome nghò vieän n. parliament, house of representangheãnh ngaõng adj. hard of hearing tive, House of Commons: thöôïng nghò vieân Senate ngheâu ngao v. to sing to oneself ngheãu ngheänh adj. very tall, very high, nghóa 1 n. meaning, sense: caét nghóa, giaûi nghóa, giaûng nghóa to explain; yù nghóa meaning, significance; chöõ nghóa letters, litercious, distrustful; hieàm nghi to doubt; hoaøi acy; ñònh nghóa to define; definition 2 n. the nghi to doubt, to be skeptical; hoà nghi to right, the right thing to do; justice, righteoushave doubts; khaû nghi suspicious; tình nghi ness; devotedness, loyalty: coù nghóa devoted, to suspect [in crime]; baùn tín baùn nghi not to loyal; keát nghóa to marry; to become a friend know whether to believe or not of; leã nghóa rites; phi nghóa ill acquired; tieát nghóa faithfulness, loyalty; tín nghóa trustnghi hoaëc v. to be suspicious, to be doubtful worthiness; tình nghóa relationship, what’s nghi kî v. to be distrustful nghi leã n. rites, ceremonies; protocol: tröôûng between two persons; trung nghóa loyal; voâ phoøng nghi leã protocol officer; nghi leã ñaùm nghóa ungrateful; chính nghóa [righteous] cöôùi wedding ceremony cause nghi ngaïi v. to worry nghóa binh n. volunteer soldier nghi ngôø ngôø v. to suspect, to doubt, to be uncertain nghóa boùng n. figurative meaning nghi nguùt adj. [of smoke] rising and thick nghóa boäc n. loyal servant nghi thöùc n. deportment; ceremonies, rites nghóa cöû n. good deed nghi vaán n. question [mark]; interrogative nghóa ñen n. literal meaning, word for word form meaning nghæ v. to rest, to have a good vacation: ngaøy nghóa ñòa n. cemetery nghæ holiday, day off; taïm nghæ intermission nghóa hieäp n. knight nghæ chaân v. to stop walking, riding, etc. nghóa khí n. righteousness, integrity nghæ heø v. to have a summer vacation nghóa laø v. to mean that, that is to say: coù nghóa laø to mean that nghæ maùt v. to have a summer vacation nghæ ngôi v. to rest, to take a rest nghóa lyù n. meaning, good sense nghæ tay v. to stop working nghóa maãu n. adoptive mother, foster mother nghæ vieäc v. to quit a job nghóa phuï n. adoptive father, foster father nghó v. to think [raèng that, ñeán/tôùi of, about]: nghóa só n. righteous man oâng aáy nghó raèng he thinks that; yù nghó nghóa thuïc n. public school idea, thought; ngaàm nghó to think over; suy nghóa trang n. cemetery nghó to think, to ponder; toâi thieån nghó in my nghóa töû n. adopted child humble opinion nghóa vuï n. duty, obligation: thi haønh nghóa vuï to carry out one’s duty nghó ngôïi v. to think, to reflect nghò v. to discuss, to deliberate: ñeà nghò to nghòch adj., v. hostile, rebellious; contrary, suggest; quyeát nghò resolution, motion; kieán reverse (= ngöôïc); [of vote] negative: boäi nghò motion, petition; hoäi nghò conference; nghòch, phaûn nghòch traitor; ngoã nghòch rebellious; 53 phieáu thuaän choáng 4 phieáu thöông nghò to negotiate nghò ñònh n. order, decree nghòch 53 to 4 votes nghò hoaø v. to hold peace talks nghòch caûnh n. adversity, hardship nghò hoäi n. assembly, congress, parliament nghòch ñaûng n. gang of rebels nghò luaän v. to discuss, to deliberate nghòch ñôøi adj. queer, eccentric nghò löïc n. energy, perseverance, courage, nghòch lyù adj. illogical; paradoxical fortitude nghòch maét adj. shocking perched, high up nghi v. (= ngôø) to suspect: ña nghi suspi- 164 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ngoaïi nghieäp dö adj. amateur, non-professional: ca nghòch ngôïm adj. turbulent, restless, só nghieäp dö an amateur singer mischievous nghòch quaân n. rebel nghòch taëc n. rebel, insurgent nghieâm adj. stern, severe, strict: Nghieâm! nghieäp ñoaøn n. trade union nghieät adj. stern, strict; naughty, wicked: caám Attention!; giôùi nghieâm curfew; oai nghieâm, uy nghieâm imposing, impressive nghieâm caùch adj. strict, rigorous nghieâm caám v. to forbid, to strictly forbid nghieâm khaéc adj. stern, severe, strict, harsh nghieâm ngaët adj. strict, stern; strict; vigilant nghieâm nghò adj. austere, serious nghieâm trang adj. solemn, serious: thaùi ñoä nghieâm trang a serious attitude nghieâm trò v. to punish severely nghieâm troïng adj. serious, critical nghieãm nhieân adj. all of a sudden, without any fuss, imperturbable nghieäm v. to consider nghieäm soá n. root [of equation phöông trình or function haøm soá], solution [algebra] nghieân n. ink stone: buùt nghieân writing brush and ink slab letters, literature, literacy career nghieân cöùu v. to do research, to study, to investigate nghieán v. to grind [one’s teeth raêng], to crush to pulp; to hack off; to do something quickly, speedily nghieàn v. to crash into powder, to grind: nghieàn nhoû to crush into pieces; nghieàn haït tieâu to grind pepper into powder nghieàn ngaãm v. to reflect, to ponder nghieän v. to be addicted to [opium thuoác phieän, alcohol röôïu, smoking huùt thuoác, coffee caø-phe, etc.]: nghieän ma tuyù to be addicted to drugs nghieâng v. to lean, to incline, to tilt: naèm nghieâng to lie on one side; caùi ñeïp nghieâng nöôùc nghieâng thaønh a devastating beauty nghieâng mình v. to lean, to bend, to stoop; to bow one’s head nghieâng ngöûa adj. unstable, full of ups and downs nghieäp 1 n. trade, occupation, profession: ngheà nghieäp profession; toát nghieäp to graduate; noâng nghieäp agriculture; chöùc nghieäp profession; söï nghieäp career; thaát nghieäp out of work, unemployed; thöông nghieäp business 2 n. karma nghieäp baùo n. karma nghieäp chuû n. property owner nghieäp chöôùng n. karma nghieät strictly forbidden; cay nghieät cruel nghieâu kheâ adj. difficult, inconvenient nghìn num. [SV thieân] one thousand (= ngaøn): hai nghìn röôûi 2,500; ba nghìn moát 3,100; boán nghìn hai 4,200; naêm nghìn tö 5,400 nghìn nghòt adj. See nghòt nghinh v. (= ngheânh) to welcome nghinh chieán v. to intercept [enemy] nghinh taân v. to welcome something new, new boss [used with toáng cöïu to send off something old, former boss] nghòt adj. thick, dense: ñoâng nghòt crowded ngo ngoe v. to squirm, to try to stir ngoø n. coriander ngoû adj., v. revealing; to be open or left open; to reveal: boû ngoû, ñeå ngoû to leave open; thö ngoû open letter; chính saùch boû ngoû khoâng phaän the open skies policy ngoû lôøi v. to speak, to express, to say a few words: ngoû lôøi caûm taï quan khaùch to express one’s thanks to guests ngoû yù v. to offer to do something, to make known one’s intention ngoõ n. gate; small path, lane, dead end street, narrow alley: ngoõ heûm narrow lane ngoõ haàu adv. in order to ngoï n. midday, noon: ñuùng ngoï, chính ngoï at 12 o’clock sharp; Teát Ñoan Ngoï the Double Five Festival [fifth day of fifth lunar month] ngoï ngoaïy v. to wriggle, to squirm ngoa adj. sharp-tongued; exaggerated: noùi ngoa to be false, deceitful; ñieâu ngoa, chua ngoa viperish ngoaï beänh v. to be sick ngoïa trieàu n. nickname of Emperor Le Long Dinh (1005–1009), who held his court audiences while lying in bed ngoaùi v., adj. turning [head] around; last: naêm ngoaùi last year ngoaøi adv. [SV ngoaïi] outside, out, over: ngoaøi nhaø outside of the house; ngoaøi ba möôi tuoåi over thirty years old; beà ngoaøi appearance; ngoaøi trôøi outdoors; ngoaøi ñöôøng, ngoaøi phoá in the street; beân ngoaøi outside; aùo ngoaøi outer garment; ngöôøi ngoaøi outsider, foreigner; nöôùc ngoaøi foreign country ngoaïi adj. in-law; outside, on the mother’s side: oâng baø ngoaïi maternal grandparents; 165 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ngoaïi bang chaùu ngoaïi children of one’s daughter; xuaát ngoan coá adj. stubborn, obstinate ngoaïi to go abroad; taïi ngoaïi haàu tra on bail; ngoan ñaïo adj. devout, religious, pious hoï ngoaïi one’s mother’s family; haûi ngoaïi ngoan ngoaõn adj. obedient, docile, welloverseas behaved ngoaïi bang n. foreign country ngoaïi caûnh n. externalities; environment, ngoaïn caûnh v. to enjoy scenery ngoaïn muïc adj. [of landscape] beautiful, landscape pretty, nice-looking ngoaïi giaû adv. besides, beside [all that], more- ngoaûnh v. to turn back one’s head over, in addition ngoaùo oäp n. bogey, bugbear ngoaïi giao n. diplomacy, foreign affairs, ngoaùy 1 v. to scrape around inside hollow external affairs: chính saùch ngoaïi giao foreign policy; Boä ngoaïi giao Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry or Department of Foreign Affairs, Department of State; Boä tröôûng Ngoaïi giao Minister of Foreign Affairs, Secretary of State [for Foreign Affairs], Foreign Secretary; nhaø ngoaïi giao diplomat ngoaïi giao ñoaøn n. diplomatic corps ngoaïi haïng n. extra-fine quality, superb quality ngoaïi hình n. appearance, look ngoaïi hoaù n. foreign imported goods [opp. noäi hoaù] ngoaïi khoa n. out-patient ngoaïi kieàu n. foreign resident, foreign national, foreigner ngoaïi lai adj. foreign loan Ngoaïi Moâng n. Outer Mongolia [opp. Noäi Moâng] ngoaïi ngöõ n. foreign language: hoïc moät ngoaïi ngöõ to study a foreign language ngoaïi nhaân n. foreigner; outsider ngoaïi oâ n. suburbs ngoaïi quoác n. foreign country: ngöôøi ngoaïi quoác foreigner ngoaïi teä n. foreign currency: ñoåi ngoaïi teä to exchange foreign currency ngoaïi thöông n. foreign trade ngoaïi tình n., adj. adultery; adulterous ngoaïi tröôûng n. Foreign Minister, Foreign Secretary, [U.S.] Secretary of State, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs ngoaïi vieän n. foreign aid: Vieät Nam ñaõ nhaän raát nhieàu ngoaïi vieän. Vietnam received a lot of foreign aid. ngoaïi vuï n. foreign service, foreign affairs ngoaïi xaâm n. foreign aggression/invasion ngoaïm v. to snap, to snatch, to bite ngoan adj. [of wife, child] well-behaved, submissive, good-mannered: coù vôï hieàn con ngoan to have a kind wife and well-behaved children things, to winkle: ngoaùy tai to winkle wax out of one’s ear 2 v. to scribble, to scrawl: vieát ngoaùy to write quickly ngoaûy v. to wag, to turn away in anger: ngoaëc v., n. to hook, to pull down; parenthesis, bracket, quotation marks ngoaëc ñôn n. parenthesis, parentheses ( ) ngoaëc keùp n. inverted commas, quotation marks “ ” ngoaëc vuoâng n. brackets [ ] ngoaèn ngoeøo adj. wiggly, meandering, winding ngoaét ngoeùo adj. complicated; tricky, crafty ngoaët ngoeïo adj. limp, bent, not able to stand upright ngoùc v. to raise, to lift up: ngoùc ñaàu to lift up one’s head ngoïc n. gem, precious stone: baïch ngoïc white jade; bích ngoïc emerald; hoaøng ngoïc ruby ngoïc haønh n. penis Ngoïc Hoaøng n. the Jade Emperor; God; Heaven ngoïc lan n. magnolia ngoïc thaïch n. jade; precious stone, gem ngoïc trai n. pearl ngoe ngoaûy v. to wag [tail] ngoeûo v. [slang] to die: cheát ngoeûo to die ngoeïo v. to turn off, to branch off; to become wry ngoi v. to rise above [the water, a mark]; to creep up ngoùi n. tile: lôïp ngoùi to lay the roof with tiles; maùi ngoùi tile roof ngoøi 1 n. fuse [of fire cracker, musket]; nib pen: ngoøi phaùo fuse of fire cracker; ngoøi buùt nib pen 2 n. sting: ngoøi con ong stings of bees 3 n. canal, arroyo ngoøm adj. very, extreme: ñen ngoøm very black/dark ngon adj. [of food] tasty, delicious, good: nguû ngon to sleep soundly ngon giaác adj. soundly asleep ngon laønh adj. tasty, delicious; easy 166 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ngon ngon ngon ngoùn mieäng adj. tasty, delicious, appetizing ngoït adj. [of words] honeyed, sweet ô adj. very easy, simple; just like that ngôùt n. finger: ngoùn tay finger; ngoùn chaân toe; ngoùn tay caùi thumb; ngoùn tay choû index finger; ngoùn tay uùt little finger ngoïn n. peak, top [of mountain, tree, flame]: ngoïn nuùi mountain peaks; ngoïn löûa flame; ngoïn neán candles [CL for flags côø, trees caây, lamp ñeøn, etc.] ngoïn ngaønh n. origin, cause ngoïn nguoàn n. origin, foundation ngoùng v. to expect, to wait for ngoûng 1 v. to crane: ngoûng coå leân nhìn to crane one’s neck to see 2 v. to have an erection: ngoïc haønh ngoûng leân penis having an erection ngoùt v., adv. [of vegetables] to shrink after being cooked; almost, nearly, a little less than [a quantity, a period of time] ngoït adj. sweet; [of blade] very sharp: ngoït nhö ñöôøng sweet as sugar; nöôùc ngoït fresh water; baùnh ngoït cake, sweets; noùi ngoït to use sweet words ngoït lòm adj. very sweet ngoït ngaøo adj. [of speech] sweet, suave ngoâ n. (= baép) corn, maize: moät baép ngoâ an ear of corn; haït ngoâ corn kernel; ngoâ rang popcorn; loõi ngoâ corn cob; boät ngoâ corn meal; raâu ngoâ corn silk; aùo ngoâ corn husk [or bract]; tæa ngoâ to shell corn ngoâ ñoàng n. sterculia, platanifolia ngoâ ngheâ adj. stupid, silly ngoá adj. to be an imbecile, doltish ngoå adj. violent [in play]; reckless ngoã nghòch adj. unruly; undutiful ngoä adj. strange, odd, curious; cute, pretty ngoä caûm v. to catch cold ngoä ñoäc v. to be poisoned [because of food] ngoä giaûi v. to misinterpret ngoä naïn v. to have an accident ngoä nghónh adj. cute, pretty; queer ngoä nhaän v. to confuse, to misunderstand, to mistake [something for something else] ngoä saùt v. to commit manslaughter [through negligence] ngoác adj. stupid, naive, foolish: thaèng ngoác the idiot ngoâi n. throne, kingship; status, rank, dignity; station, position; [grammar] person: cöôùp ngoâi to usurp the throne; leân ngoâi to ascend the throne; noái ngoâi to succeed; nhöôøng ngoâi to abdicate, to yield; truyeàn ngoâi to pass the throne on; thoaùi ngoâi to abdicate; truaát ngoâi to dethrone; moät ngoâi sao saùng a rising star [of theater, movieland] ngoâi thöù n. rank, hierarchy ngoâi vua throne ngoài v. [SV toïa] to sit: ngoài xuoáng to sit down; choã ngoài seat ngoài daäy v. to sit up ngoài ì v. to sit tight ngoài roài v. to stay idle ngoài tuø v. to stay in prison ngoài vaét chaân chöõ nguõ v. to sit with one leg crossed over the other ngoài xeáp chaân baèng troøn v. to sit crosslegged ngoà xoåm v. to squat ngoân n. speech, word: caùch ngoân saying, maxim; chaâm ngoân adage; ña ngoân talkative; ñaïi ngoân boasting; nguï ngoân fable; thoâng ngoân interpreter; tuyeân ngoân declaration ngoân luaän n. speech: töï do ngoân luaän freedom of speech ngoân ngöõ n. language ngoân ngöõ hoïc n. linguistics ngoán v. to eat gluttonously ngoån ngang adj. cumbersome and disorderly ngoâng adj. eccentric; extravagant ngoâng cuoàng adj. eccentric, crazy ngoãng n. goose: ñi chaân ngoãng to goosestep; suùng loâng ngoãng children’s toy made of goose-feather quills ngoãng ñöïc n. gander ngoãng trôøi n. wild goose, brant ngoäp adj. stifled ngoát v. to crave for ngoät ngaït adj. oppressive, stuffy ngô v. to ignore; to lose one’s eyes to: laøm ngô baïn beø to ignore friends ngô ngaùc adj. haggard; stupefied ngôù ngaån adj. simple, foolish, empty-headed ngôø v. [SV nghi] to suspect, to believe; to expect ngôø vöïc v. to be doubtful, to suspect ngôõ v. to think, to believe [wrongly] ngôi v. to rest: nghó ngôi to take a rest ngôøi adj. radiant, resplendent: saùng ngôøi glowing ngôïi v. to praise: khen ngôïi, ca ngôïi to praise ngôm ngôùp v. to worry ngôïm n. idiot ngôùt v. [of illness, anger, weather] to abate, to calm down, [of rain] to subside, to stop 167 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ngu ngu adj. foolish, doltish, stupid ngu daïi adj. ignorant, foolish ngu ñaàn adj. dull-witted ngu ñoän adj. dull-witted ngu muoäi adj. ignorant ngu ngoác adj. stupid, foolish ngu xuaån adj. slow-witted, stupid ngu yù n. my humble opinion nguø ngôø adj. simple-minded, naive nguû v. to sleep: buoàn nguû to be sleepy; nguïm n. mouthful [of drink] nguøn nguït v. [of flames, smoke] to rise profusely nguoâi v. to subside, to calm down nguoäi v., adj. to cool off; cool, cold; to be lost, buoàng/phoøng nguû bedroom; nguû gaät to fall asleep while sitting or standing; thuoác nguû sleeping pill; ñi nguû to go to bed; moät giaác nguû sleep, nap, slumber; tænh nguû to be a light sleeper; aùo nguû pajamas; beänh nguû sleeping sickness; ngaùi nguû to be still sleepy after getting up; ru nguû to lull to sleep nguõ num. five (= naêm): ñeä nguõ fifth nguõ aâm n. the five notes [cung, thöông, gioác, chuyû, vuõ] of the classical pentatonic scale nguõ coác n. the five cereals; cereals nguõ giaùc ñaøi n. pentagon nguõ giôùi n. the Five Commandments of Buddhism [against murder, theft, lust, lying, drunkenness] nguõ haønh n. the five elements [metal kim, wood moäc, water thuyû, fire hoaû, earth thoå] nguõ kim n. the five metals [gold, silver, copper, iron and tin] nguõ kinh n. the five Confucian classical books nguõ luaân n. the five moral obligations nguõ ngoân n. line or verse with five beats nguõ quan n. the five senses [eye, ear, nose, tongue and hands] nguõ saéc n. the five primary colors [blue xanh, yellow vaøng, red ñoû, white traéng and black ñen] nguõ taïng n. the five viscera [heart taâm, liver can, stomach tyø, lungs pheá, kidneys thaän] nguõ tuaàn n. fifth years nguõ thöôøng n. the five cardinal virtues [benevolence nhaân, righteousness nghóa, propriety leã, knowledge trí, sincerity tín] nguõ vò n. the five tastes [salty, bitter, sour, peppery hot, sweet] nguï v. to live, to dwell, to reside nguï ngoân n. fable nguï yù v. to imply nguïc n. prison, jail: cai nguïc jailer; vöôït nguïc to break jail; haï nguïc to imprison; ñòa nguïc hell nguïc thaát n. jail house ngueäch ngoaïc v. to scribble, to scrawl gone: chieán tranh nguoäi cold war; côm nguoäi cold rice; thôï nguoäi fitter nguoàn n. spring, source; cause, origin: nguoàn soáng the source of life nguoàn côn n. the ins and outs, head and tail, beginning and end [the whole story from beginning to end] nguoàn goác n. origin, cause nguïp v. to sink under the water nguy adj. dangerous, perilous nguy bieán n. danger, emergency nguy caáp adj. dangerous and pressing nguy cô n. danger, peril nguy haïi adj. dangerous, harmful nguy hieåm adj. dangerous, perilous: haønh ñoäng nguy hieåm a dangerous action nguy kòch adj. dangerous, serious, critical nguy nan n. danger, peril nguy nga adj. sumptuous, imposing, magnificent: moät toaø nhaø nguy nga a magnificent building nguy ngaäp adj. dangerous, endangered nguî adj., n. false, spurious; puppet; rebel; bogus nguïy chính phuû n. puppet government nguïy trang v. to camouflage nguyeân 1 adj. intact, brand new: coøn nguyeân, môùi nguyeân brand new; ñeå nguyeân to leave alone 2 n. plaintiff: beân nguyeân ñôn plaintiff 3 adj. former, ex: nguyeân thuû töôùng former minister nguyeân aâm n. vowel sound nguyeân baûn n. original, first draft; primeval, primitive nguyeân caùo n. accuser, plaintiff nguyeân chaát n. [of alcohol] neat, real, unmixed; principal [element, constituent, ingredient] nguyeân do n. cause, origin Nguyeân ñaùn n. Lunar New Year; New Year’s Day: toå chöùc aên Teát Nguyeân ñaùn to celebrate the Lunar New Year nguyeân haøm n. primitive [of a function haøm soá] nguyeân lieäu n. raw materials nguyeân lyù n. principle [fundamental truth] nguyeân nhaân n. cause, factor 168 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nguyeân nguyeân nguyeân nguyeân nguyeân nguyeân nguyeân nguyeân nguyeân ngöøng nieân n. the first year of a reign sinh chaát n. protoplasma soaùi n. generalissimo taéc n. principle [primary rule of cause] thuû n. head of state, chief of state thuyû adj. original toá n. element traïng n. primitive state, status quo töû n. atom: bom nguyeân töû atomic bomb nguyeân töû löïc n. atomic power, atomic bomb nguyeân töû löôïng n. atomic weight nguyeân töû naêng n. atomic power, atomic energy ngöõ ngöõ ngöõ ngöõ ngöõ ngöõ ngöõ ngöõ ngöõ ngöõ aâm hoïc n. phonetics caên n. root, radical ñieäu n. intonation hoïc n. linguistics nguyeân n. etymology nghóa hoïc n. semantics nhieät n. calorifuge phaùp n. grammar thaùi hoïc n. morphology theå n. linguistic form, discourse form, text type nguyeân uyû n. origin, root cause nguyeân vaên n. original, verbatim: dòch ngöõ vöïng n. glossary, lexicon, vocabulary ngöï giaù n. imperial carriage; imperial journey ngöï laâm n. imperial guard ngöï uyeån n. imperial park ngöùa adj., v. to be itchy; to itch ngöùa maét v. to be unable to stand something nguyeân vaên textual translation nguyeân veïn adj. intact, untouched, undamaged, whole, complete nguyeàn v. to swear, to vow: theà nguyeàn to vow; nguyeàn ruûa to curse; lôøi nguyeàn oath nguyeän v. to swear, to pledge; to pray, to jargon, technical language; tuïc ngöõ proverb; Vieät ngöõ Vietnamese; tieáp ñaàu ngöõ prefix; tieáp vó ngöõ suffix; bieåu ngöõ banner shocking, to shock the eyes make a vow: caàu nguyeän to pray; maõn nguyeän satisfied, content; sôû nguyeän what one has desired; tình nguyeän, chí nguyeän volunteer nguyeän voïng n. aspirations nguyeät n. moon (= traêng); month (= thaùng): baùn nguyeät half moon; fortnight nguyeät boûng n. monthly salary nguyeät caàu n. the moon [astronomy] nguyeät ñaïo n. orbit of the moon nguyeät kinh n. menstruation, menses Nguyeät laõo n. the old man in the moon, God of Marriages nguyeät lieãm n. monthly dues nguyeät san n. monthly review nguyeät thöïc n. lunar eclipse nguyùt v. to give a dirty look, to throw a quick glance ngö n. fish (= caù): ngö phuû fisherman ngö loâi n. torpedo: dieät ngö loâi haïm destroyer ngö nghieäp n. pisciculture; fisheries ngö oâng n. fisherman ngö phuû n. fisherman ngöõ n. (= tieáng) language: quoác ngöõ national language; Anh ngöõ English; chuyeån ngöõ medium of instruction; ngaïn ngöõ saying; ngoaïi ngöõ foreign language; Phaùp ngöõ French; sinh ngöõ living language, modern language; coå ngöõ ancient language; thaønh ngöõ idiom, expression; thoå ngöõ dialect; thuaät ngöõ ngöùa mieäng v. to desire to speak up ngöùa nghe ngheàà v. to be in heat, to feel a sexual urge ngöùa tai v. to be shocked in the ears [by gossip, etc.], to feel uncomfortable at hearing something shocking ngöùa tay v. to itch to strike somebody ngöøa v. to prevent: Ngöøa beänh hôn chöõa beänh. Prevention is better than cure ngöûa v. to look upward; to lie on one’s back: naèm ngöûa to lie on one’s back; ngaõ ngöûa to fall on one’s back; saáp ngöûa heads or tails ngöïa n. [SV maõ] horse: chuoàng ngöïa stable; ñua ngöïa horse race; tröôøng ñua ngöïa race track; moùng ngöïa horse shoe; vaønh moùng ngöïa the witness stand; ñuoâi ngöïa pony’s tail ngöïa caùi n. mare ngöïa con n. colt ngöïa ñua n. race horse ngöïa vaèn n. zebra ngöïc n. chest: ñaám ngöïc to beat one’s chest; phanh ngöïc to bare one’s chest; töùc ngöïc to feel a tightness across one’s chest; thoäp ngöïc to grab [someone] by the coat’s lapel; troáng ngöïc heart beat/throb; loàng ngöïc thoractic cavity ngöûi v. to smell, to sniff ngöng v. to stop short, to cease, to suspend ngöng treä v. to come to a standstill, to stagnate ngöøng v. (= döøng) to stop, to halt: ngöøng baén cease-fire; ngöøng xe laïi ñaây to stop one’s car here 169 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ngöøng böôùc ngöøng böôùc v. (= ngöøng chaân) to stop going ngöøng tay v. to knock off ngöøng treä v. to come to a standstill, to stagnate ngöûng v. to raise one’s head/face upward; to turn up: ngöûng ñaàu leân to raise one’s head ngöôùc v. to raise one’s head/face upward, to stretch [neck], to look up: ngöôùc nhìn caùi thaùp cao to raise one’s eyes to look at the nha khoa n. dentistry nha laïi n. staff, employees in a yamen nhan phieán n. opium nha só n. dentist, dental surgeon nhaù v. to chew carefully nhaù adv. See nheù nhaù nhem n. twilight, dusk; poor eyesight nhaø 1 n. house, dwelling, abode, building 2 n. family, household, home: aên ôû nhaø to eat at home; ngöôøi nhaø relative; someone in the tower family; ôû nhaø to stay at home; nhôù nhaø homengöôïc adj. opposite; upstream; upside down, sick; vaéng nhaø to be out, not at home 3 n. inside out [opp. xuoâi]: ngöôïc gioù against the darling, spouse, lover nhaø aên n. dining hall wind; ngöôïc laïi on the contrary, vice versa; ñaûo ngöôïc, loän ngöôïc upside down, topsy nhaø baùc hoïc n. scientist turvy nhaø baùo n. journalist, newsman ngöôïc doøng n. upstream nhaø beø n. house on raft ngöôïc ñaõi v. to ill-treat, to maltreat nhaø beáp n. kitchen ngöôïc ñôøi adj. eccentric, absurd nhaø buoân n. merchant, trader, businessman ngöôi n. you [used to “inferiors” by kings, offi- nhaø chuøa n. temple; Buddhist clergy cials]: nhaø ngöôi you nhaø chung n. Catholic clergy ngöôøi n. [SV nhaân] man, person, individual, nhaø chöùa n. brothel people; human beings; other people; body: nhaø cöûa n. house, housing con ngöôøi man; ñôøi ngöôøi human life; laøm nhaø ñaù n. prison, jail ngöôøi to be human beings; loaøi ngöôøi mannhaø ga n. railway station kind; neân ngöôøi to become a man; queâ ngöôøi nhaø gaùc n. many-storied house foreign land; thöông ngöôøi to love [and pity] nhaø gaùi n. the bride’s family others; moãi ngöôøi everybody nhaø giaùo n. teacher(s) ngöôøi döng n. stranger; outside of family nhaø haøng n. restaurant, shop: ñi aên nhaø haøng to have a meal at a restaurant ngöôøi ñôøi n. people; the world at large ngöôøi laøm n. employee; servant nhaø haùt n. theater ngöôøi mình n. our people; we Vietnamese [as nhaø hoä sinh n. maternity hospital opp. to them] nhaø in n. printing house ngöôøi ôû n. servant nhaø khaùch n. guest house ngöôøi söû duï duïng ng n. user nhaø maùy n. factory ngöôøi ta n., pron. people, one, they nhaø ngang n. annex, wing ngöôøi yeâu n. lover nhaø ngheà n. professional [as opp. to amateur] ngöôõng n. threshold: ngöôõng cöûa threshold, nhaø nguyeän n. chapel doorstep nhaø nho n. Confucian scholar ngöôõng moä v. to admire nhaø nöôùc n. the government, state: coâng nhaân vieân nhaø nöôùc government employees ngöôïng v., adj. embarrassed, ashamed: ngöôïng ngaäp, ngöôïng nguøng to be awkward, nhaø queâ adj., n. boorish; countryside; native clumsy; phaùt ngöôïng to become embarrassed village, country people ngöu n. (= traâu, boø) buffalo, ox: hoaøng ngöu nhaø rieâng n. private home, residence nhaø saùch n. bookstore, bookshop ox, cow; thuyû ngöu water buffalo Ngöu lang n. the Herd-boy [together with nhaø sö n. Buddhist monk Chöùc nöõ the Weaver] nhaø taùng n. catafalgue; funeral directory nha n. office, bureau, service, directorate: nha nhaø taém n. bathroom thoâng tin information bureau; Nha Vaên hoaù nhaø thoå n. brothel Office of Cultural Affairs nhaø thôø n. church nha n. (= raêng) tooth: nha khoa dentistry; nhaø thöông n. hospital nha só dentist nhaø toâi n. my wife, my husband 170 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nhaø trai n. the groom’s family nhaø treû n. creche, kindergarten nhaø troï n. boarding house nhaø tröôøng n. the school nhaø tu n. convent nhaø vaên n. writer nhaø vua n. the king nhaø xaùc n. morgue nhaø xe n. garage nhaø xí n. (= nhaø caàu) toilet nhaø xuaát baûn n. publisher, publishing house nhaû 1 adj. too familiar, too friendly: aên noùi nhaøo naën nhaøm adj. trite, stale, boring: nhaéc laïi maõi nhaøm tai to become trite with repetition nhaøm tai adj. made stale by repetition nhaûm adj. false; nonsense, unfounded: tin nhaûm superstitious; chôi nhaûm to fool around; noùi nhaûm to talk nonsense nhan n. title nhan ñeà n. book’s title nhan nhaûn adj. abundant; crowded all over, everywhere nhan saéc n. beauty nhaøn adj. leisurely; idle, free chôùt nhaû to speak in a too-familiar way 2 v. nhaøn ñaøm v. to chat, to have a leisurely talk nhaøn haï adj. free, unoccupied to let fall from one’s mouth, to spit out: nhaû nöôùc boït to spit nhaøn laõm v. to read and see at leisure nhaõ adj. refined, elegant, well-mannered: nhaøn roãi adj. free, unoccupied phong nhaõ elegant; baát nhaõ rude, tactless; nhaõn 1 n. longan: traùi nhaõn longan fruit 2 n. hoaø nhaõ concord, harmony; nhaøn nhaõ leitrade-mark, label: daùn nhaõn leân saõn phaåm to surely; tao nhaõ elegant, sophisticated stick labels on products nhaõ nhaën adj. refined, polite, courteous nhaõn caàu n. eyeball nhaõ yù adj. good idea, thoughtful idea nhaõn giôùi n. field of vision, eyeshot nhaùc 1 adj. negligent; neglectful; lazy 2 v. to nhaõn hieäu n. label catch a glimpse of nhaõn khoa n. ophthalmology nhaïc n. music: aâm nhaïc music; hoaø nhaïc nhaõn kính n. eye-glasses concert; ban nhaïc, giaøn nhaïc orchestra; ban nhaõn löïc n. eyesight quaân nhaïc military band; taáu nhaïc to pernhaõn quan n. point of view, range of knowledge form, to play music nhaïn n. swallow [bird] nhaïc coâng n. musician nhang n. (= höông) incense: taøn nhang nhaïc ñieäu n. tune, aria incense ashes; ñoát/thaép nhang to burn nhaïc ñoäi n. orchestra; band incense nhaïc khí n. musical instrument nhaõng v. to forget; to be absent-minded: xao nhaõng to be careless, to be negligent nhaïc khuùc n. piece of music, tune, aria nhaïc kòch n. musical play, opera nhanh adj. fast, rapid, quick: Nhanh leân! Be nhaïc maãu n. mother-in-law quick! nhaïc phuï n. father-in-law nhanh choùng adj. prompt, quick nhaïc só n. musician, song composer nhanh nhaåu adj. eager; vivacious, active nhaïc sö n. music teacher nhanh nheïn adj. active, nimble, fast, lively: nhaïc tröôûng n. conductor, band master daùng ñieäu nhanh nheïn to have a lively gait nhaïc vieän n. conservatory, conservatoire nhaùnh n. branch: nhaùnh soâng a fork in the nhaïc vuõ n. ballet river; chi nhaùnh branch [of store, office] nhai v. to chew: nhai keïo cao su to chew nhaønh n. branch nhao v. to be noisy, to be turbulent, to become chewing-gum; nhai laïi to chew the cud, to ruminate uproarious nhaùi n. toad, frog nhaùo adj. disorderly: nhaùo nhaùc to be scared, nhaøi n. jasmine frightened nhaøi quaït n. leucoma nhaøo 1 v. to dive, to jump down: nhaøo ñaàu nhaõi n. brat, kid, urchin: Nhaõi con! Little devil! xuoáng soâng to jump down into the river 2 v. to knead: nhaøo boät laøm baùnh to knead flour nhaïi v. to mimic, to imitate; to parody nham hieåm adj. dangerous to an element of to make a cake deception/trickery or wickedness nhaøo loän v. to make loops; to turn a somernham nhôû adj. dirty, soiled, stained sault nhaùm adj. rough, uneven nhaøo naën v. to knead carefully 171 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nhaõo nhaõo adj. pasty, clammy, doughy; flabby: côm nhaèm v. to aim at, to hit nhaùt 1 n. cut, stab, slash [with knife]; stroke nhaên raêng v. to grin nhaén v. to relay a message, to send word to nhaõo pasty rice; baép thòt nhaõo flabby muscles nhaên v., adj. to wrinkle; wrinkled: nhaên maët to nhaïo v. to laugh at, to mock, to sneer, to ridihave a wry face; da nhaên wrinkled skin; nhaên maët, nhaên nhoù to grimace; veát nhaên wrinkles cule, to make fun of: cheá nhaïo ngöôøi naøo to mock at someone nhaên nheo adj. wrinkled, shriveled: maët nhaên nheo wrinkled face nhaïo baùng v. to laugh at, to mock [with knife dao, a hammer buùa]; slice 2 n. (= laùt) short moment, short while 3 adj. to be cowardly, timid, shy, chicken-hearted: nhaùt nhö caùy timid as a rabbit; nhaùt gan chickenhearted nhaït adj. (= laït) insipid, tasteless [lacking salt or sugar]; weak; [of color] light, pale: sôn maøu nhaït to paint a light color; traø nhaït weak tea nhaït pheøo adj. very tasteless nhau 1 adv. reciprocally, mutually, together, each other, one another: giuùp nhau to help each other; cuøng nhau together; gioáng nhau similar 2 n. placenta: nôi choân nhau caét roán birthplace nhaøu adj. wrinkled, rumpled, crumpled: laøm nhaøu to crumple nhaùy v. to wink, to blink; to twinkle: nhaùy maét to wink; trong nhaùy maét in a twinkle nhaûy v. to jump, to leap, to dive, to hop; to dance: nhaûy ñaàm to dance; gaùi nhaûy taxi girl; tieäm nhaûy dancing hall; nhaûy qua ñoáng raùc to jump over a rubbish pile nhaûy cao v. to high jump nhaûy duø v. to parachute nhaûy ñaàm v. to dance nhaûy muùa v. to perform dances nhaûy muûi v. (= haét hôi) to sneeze nhaûy nhoùt v. to hop, to jump around nhaûy saøo v. to pole-vault nhaûy xa v. to broad/long jump nhaïy adj. sensitive, quick, fast nhaéc 1 v. to lift, to raise; to promote: caân nhaéc to weigh the pros and cons; nhaéc gheá ñeå treân baøn to lift chairs and put them on the tables 2 v. to remind, to recall: nhaéc laïi to repeat nhaéc nhôû v. to remember [something] nhaêm See laêm nhaém 1 v. to close [eyes]; to aim [gun, arrow, target]: nhaém maét laïi to close one’s eyes 2 v. to taste [appetizers, meat, etc.], to eat over sips of alcohol [at the beginning of the meal and with the help of alcohol] nhaém nghieàn v. to close one’s eyes tightly nhaém nhaùp v. to peck at mhaém röôïu v. to eat over sips of alcohol someone [through someone] nhaén nhuû v. to advise, to recommend nhaèn v. to chew meat off [bone], to chew pulp off [seed] nhaün adj. smooth, finished, all gone: nhaün maët to be well-known; heát nhaün all gone, all finished nhaün boùng adj. smooth and shining nhaün lì adj. polished nhaün nhuïi adj. smooth; [of beard] well shaved nhaün thín adj. smooth; well shaved, hairless nhaêng adj. careless, negligent; silly, not serious: laêng nhaêng not serious; nhoá nhaêng to display a lack of taste nhaêng nhaúng adj. stubborn nhaêng nhít adj. careless, perfunctory, by halves nhaéng v. to be impudent, to behave in a ridiculously domineering way nhaèng adj. tangled nhaëng n. blue-bottle, fly nhaëng xò v. to put on airs, to be fussy, to get upset for nothing nhaép v. to sip, to taste: nhaép moâi moät tí röôïu to sip a bit of spirit nhaét adj. too small; chuoät nhaét mouse; laét nhaét small, minute nhaët 1 v. to pick up from the floor, to collect, to glean, to gather: coùp nhaët nhöõng giaáy vuïn to collect waste paper 2 adj. close, thick, dense [opp. khoan], quick nhaët nhaïnh v. to pick up, to glean nhaác v. to lift, to raise: nhaác chaân leân to lift up one’s legs nhaàm v. See laàm nhaåm v. to figure out in silence, to revise silently, to try to memorize: laåm nhaåm to speak to oneself; tính nhaåm mental arithmetic nhaäm v. to assume [responsibility, duties]: ñaûm nhaäm chöùc vuï môùi to assume a new position nhaäm chöùc v. to assume [power, duties]: leã tuyeân theä nhaäm chöùc the oath of office nhaân 1 v. to multiply: tính nhaân multiplication; soá nhaân multiplier; nhaân boán to multiply by four 2 n. almond, kernel; filling [of cake]; 172 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nhaäp caûng nucleus [in physics]: baùnh bao nhaân thòt vaø tröùng a dumpling with meat and egg filling 3 n. (= ngöôøi) man, person, individual: caù nhaân individual; coá nhaân old friend; gia nhaân servant; thaân nhaân relative; yeáu nhaân Very Important Person [VIP] 4 n. cause: khoâng coù nhaân sao coù quaû no effect without cause 5 n. benevolence nhaân aùi adj. kind, generous, benevolent nhaân baûn n. humanism nhaân caùch n. dignity, personality nhaân caùch hoaù v. to personify nhaân chuûng n. human race nhaân chuûng hoïc n. ethnology nhaân chöùng n. witness nhaân coâng n. manpower, artifacts, human labor nhaân danh n. on behalf of: nhaân danh ban chaáp haønh on behalf of the executive committee nhaân daân n. people [of a country], the masses: coäng hoaø nhaân daân people’s republic; uyû ban nhaân daân thaønh phoá people’s committee of the city nhaân dòp adv. on the occasion of nhaân duyeân n. predestined affinity [between husband and wife] nhaân ñaïo adj., n. human, humane; humanity nhaân ñöùc adj. humane, benevolent nhaân gian n. this world nhaân khaåu n. population, number of inhabitants nhaân loaïi n. mankind, humankind, humanity nhaân loaïi hoïc n. anthropology nhaân löïc n. manpower, human resources nhaân maõn n. overpopulation nhaân maïng n. human life nhaân ngaõi n. lover nhaân nghóa n. charity and justice, benevolence and righteousness nhaân nhöôïng v., adj. to make concessions; to be talented; talented nhaân phaåm n. human dignity nhaân quaû n. cause and effect nhaân quaàn n. the public, the people, society, human society nhaân quyeàn n. human right: uûy ban nhaân quyeàn human right commision nhaân saâm n. ginseng nhaân sinh n. human life nhaân sinh quan n. philosophy of life nhaân soá n. population: taêng nhaân soá to increase population nhaân nhaân nhaân nhaân nhaân söï n. human affairs, human resource taøi n. talent, talented people taïo adj. artificial: tô nhaân taïo rayon theå adv. by the way, incidentally thoï n. life: baûo hieåm nhaân thoï life insurance nhaân nhaân nhaân nhaân tieän adv. See nhaân theå tính n. human nature tình n. lover, mistress trung n. space between the nose and the upper lip nhaân nhaân nhaân nhaân töø adj. charitable, generous, kind vaät n. figure, personage vò n. humane person; personalism vieân n. member; staff; employee; per- sonnel, human resource: phoøng nhaân vieân personnel office nhaán v. to press on; to stress, to emphasize: nhaán maïnh to emphasize nhaãn 1 n. [finger] ring: ñeo nhaãn to wear a ring 2 v. to endure, to contain oneself: kieân nhaãn to be patient; taøn nhaãn to be ruthless nhaãn naïi v. to be patient, to endure nhaãn nhuïc v. to endure all indignities nhaãn taâm adj. merciless, cruel nhaän v. to receive, to accept, to get; to acknowledge, to recognize, to confess, to admit: nhìn nhaän to recognize, to acknowledge; coâng nhaän to recognize; bieân nhaän to acknowledge receipt; ñaûm nhaän to assume nhaän chaân v. to realize nhaän dieän v. to identify nhaän ñònh v. to appraise, to assess, to comment nhaän lôøi v. to accept, to agree: nhaän lôøi môøi döï tieäc to accept one’s invitation to a party nhaän thaáy v. to note, to understand nhaän thöùc v. to realize, to perceive nhaän thöïc v. to certify: nhaän thöïc chöõ kyù to certify one’s signature nhaän xeùt v. to observe, to comment, to judge: nhaän xeùt veà ai to judge someone nhaáp nhaùy v. to wink, to twinkle, to blink nhaáp nhoaùng v. to glitter, to gleam nhaáp nhoâ v. to go up and down [especially on the water] nhaáp nhoåm v. to be restless; to be anxious nhaäp v. (= vaøo) to enter; to join: nhaäp boïn to join a group; saùp nhaäp to emerge; xaâm nhaäp to penetrate, to infiltrate; nhaäp khaåu to import nhaäp caûng v. to import: haõng nhaäp caûng import firm 173 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nhaäp ñeà nhaäp ñeà v., n. to begin to address the topic; introduction nhaäp hoïc v. to begin schooling: thi nhaäp hoïc entrance examination nhaäp khaåu v. See nhaäp caûng nhaäp moân n. beginner course: Ngöõ hoïc Nhaäp moân Introduction to Linguistics nhaäp nguõ v. to join the army nhaäp quan v. to put into a coffin [body] nhaäp taâm v. to commit to memory, nhaàu adj. See nhaøu nhaäu v. to booze; to drink and eat nhaày adj. sticky, viscous nhaày nhuïa adj. covered with something oily and sticky nhaäy adj. See nhaïy nhe v. to show [one’s teeth] nheù adv. [final particle] All right? O.K? nheø 1 v. to choose [as target or attack] 2 v. to whine, to snivel, to whimper: nguû nheø suoát ngaøy to snivel the whole day nhaäp tòch v. to be naturalized nheø nheï adj. gentle nhaát num. (= moät) one; first: thöù nhaát first; ñeä nheõ adv. See leõ nhaát first grade, firstly; ít nhaát at least; nhieàu nheï adj. [of weight, blows, knocks, footsteps, nhaát at most; nhaát laø mostly, especially; duy etc.] light [opp. naëng]; slight, soft, gentle nhaát only, sole; hôïp nhaát to unite; thoáng nheï boãng adj. very light nhaát to unify; khoù nhaát the most difficult; nheï daï adj. credulous, gullible haïng nhaát first class nheï nhaøng adj. light, gentle, agile, soft, nimble nhaát cöû löôõng tieän v. to kill two birds with nheï nhoõm adj. nimble, brisk, active nhem adj. See lem one stone nhaát ñònh adj. limited, fixed, definite: giaù nhaát nheøm adj. dirty, soiled ñònh fixed price nheo maét v. to blink one’s eyes nhaát haïng adv. first class; especially nheo nheùo v. to call stridently and insistently nhaát laø adv. first and foremost, especially nheo nhoùc v. [of children] to be neglected, to be uncared for nhaát laõm n. one glance nhaát loaït adv. uniformly, all together nheõo adj. mushy, flabby nhaát luaät adv. all and sundry nheùt v. to stuff, to thrust in, to cram: nheùt reû vaøo moàm to gag someone’s mouth with rags nhaát nhaát adv. each and every one nhaát quaùn adj. consistent nheã nhaïi v. [of sweats, tears] to stream, to flow nhaát quyeát v. to be resolved, to be deterabundantly mined nheách v. to grin broadly; to open slightly [lips nhaát teà adv. together, uniformly, alike moâi] as in smiling: nheách mieäng cöôøi to slightly open one’s mouth and smile nhaát thieát adv. altogether, absolutely nhaát thoáng adj. unity nheän n. spider: maïng nheän cobweb nhaát thôøi adv. temporary nhi n. child nhaát trí v. to be united, to be unanimous, to be nhi ñoàng n. young child, infant nhi khoa n. pediatrics of one mind Nhaät n. Japan: ngöôøi Nhaät Japanese nhi nöõ n. little girl nhaät n. (= maët trôøi) sun; day (= ngaøy): baïch nhí nha nhí nhaûnh See nhí nhaûnh nhaät daylight; chuû nhaät Sunday; sinh nhaät nhí nhaûnh v., adv. to be lively, to be playful; birthday; thöôøng nhaät ordinarily; coâng nhaät sprightly, jovially nhì n. second: thöù nhì second; haïng nhì secpaid by the day ond class; lôùp nhì fourth grade [next to the Nhaät Baûn n. Japan, Japanese nhaät baùo n. daily newspaper highest in primary school] nhaät daï n. day and night nhì nhaèng adj. mixed; average, passable nhaät duïng n. daily use nhæ adv. [final particle] as a tag question [Don’t nhaät kyù n. diary; daily agenda: vieát nhaät kyù you think? Have you any idea? Oh yes?]: AØ nhæ! Oh yes! [the speaker suddenly rememto write diary nhaät leänh n. order of the day bered or noticed something] nhaät nguyeät n. the sun and moon nhó n. (= tai) ear: nhó tai eardrum nhaät thöïc n. solar eclipse nhò 1 n. two-string Chinese violin: keùo ñaøn nhò nhaät trình n. daily newspaper to play a two-string violin 2 num. (= hai) two: to remember 174 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nhoû gioït ñeä nhò the second; nhò hyû two happy days 3 n. stamen, pistil [in flower]: nhò caùi pistil; nhò ñöïc stamen nhieàu ít adj. more or less nhieãu 1 n. crepe [the fabric] 2 v. to annoy, to disturb, to harass, to bother: quaáy nhieãu phuï nöõ to harass women Nhò Haø n. Red River [in North Vietnam] nhích v. to shift, to inch, to move slightly: nhuùc nhieãu haïi v. to harm, to do damage to nhích to budge, to move slightly nhieãu loaïn v. to disturb, to make trouble nhieác v. to chide, to scold: nhieác maéng, nhieác nhieãu nhöông n. trouble, war moùc to make sarcastic remarks about someone nhieãu söï adj. troublesome nhieãm v. to catch, to contract: nhieãm laïnh to nhím n. porcupine nhìn v. to look (at), to stare: moät caùi nhìn a catch cold look; nhìn moät caùi to take a look; nhìn ñi nhieãm beänh v. to contract a disease nhieãm ñoäc v. to be poisoned; to be intoxicated nhìn laïi to look and look; thoaït nhìn at first nhieãm saéc theå n. chromosome sight; nhìn thaáy to see nhieãm truøng v. to be infected nhìn choøng choïc v. to stare nhieäm chöùc v. to take up an appointment nhìn nhaän v. to recognize, to acknowledge; to admit, to confess nhieäm kyø n. term of office nhieäm vuï n. task, duty, function, responsibility nhòn v. to abstain from, to endure, to suppress, nhieäm yù adj. according to one’s wish; optional: to refrain from [doing something]; to hold [thôû moân hoïc nhieäm yù optional subjects the breath, côm rice]; nhòn aên to endure without food; nhòn cöôøi to suppress laughter nhòn ñoùi v. to starve, to endure without food nhieãn well-kneaded rice flour nhòn nhuïc v. to bear, to endure, to resign nhieáp aûnh n. photography: nhaø nhieáp aûnh oneself to nhænh adj. slightly bigger photographer, cameraman nhieáp chính v. to act as a regent, to take up nhòp 1 n. rhythm, measure, cadence: ñaùnh/goõ nhòp beat time 2 n. span, bay [of bridge] power nhieät n. (= noùng) heat, warmth: nguoàn phaùt nhòp ñieäu n. rhythm nhieät a resource of heat nhòp ñoä n. rate, speed nhieät bieåu n. thermometer nhòp nhaøng adj. rhythmical, well-balanced, nhieät ñieän n. thermoelectricity harmonious nhieät ñoä n. temperature nho 1 n. grapes: nho töôi fresh grapes; moät chuøm nho a bunch of grapes; möùt nho rainhieät ñoäng hoïc n. thermodynamics sins; vöôøn nho vineyard; nöôùc nho grape nhieät ñôùi n. tropical zone nhieät hoïc n. thermology juice; caây nho vine; röôïu nho wine 2 n. nhieät huyeát n. enthusiasm, ardor, zeal Confucian: nhaø nho Confucian scholar [trained in Sino-Vietnamese classic]; chöõ Nho Chinese nhieät keá n. thermometer nhieät lieät adj. [of welcome, ovation] warm: characters; ñaïo Nho Confucianism hoan ngheânh nhieät lieät to give a warm wel- Nho gia n. Confucian scholar come to someone Nho giaùo n. Confucianism nhieät löôïng keá n. calorimeter nho nhaõ adj. refined, distinguished; welleducated nhieät taâm n. zeal, enthusiasm nhieät thaønh adj. warm, sincere, enthusiastic, nho nhoû adj. See nhoû fervent nho nhoe v. to display, to show off nhieâu adj. much, many: Bao nhieâu? How nho phong n. scholar’s tradition much? How many?; baáy nhieâu that much, that nhoû 1 adj. small, little: thaèng nhoû little boy; beù nhoû little, small; nho nhoû to be smallish 2 v. many, so much, so many; bao nhieâu (laø) so much, so many …! to drop: nhoû thuoác vaøo maét to put eye-drops into the eyes nhieàu adj. [SV ña] having much/many; there is much …, there are many; a great deal, a lot, lots nhoû beù adj. tiny, petite, small: coâng vieäc nhoû beù a small job of [with direct object]: nhieàu nhaát at most; ít nhieàu a little, few, some; nhieàu ngöôøi many nhoû gioït adv. in drops, by drop, by installment: people traû tieàn nhoû gioït to pay by installments nhieân lieäu n. fuel; raw materials: nhieãn adj. (= nhuyeãn) well-kneaded: boät gaïo 175 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nhoû moïn nhoû moïn adj. small, humble; mean: moùn quaø to pluck [hair, feather], to extract [tooth]: nhoå raêng to pull out [extract] a tooth; nhoå caây to nhoû moïn a humble gift; con ngöôøi nhoû moïn a mean person nhoû nhoû nhoû nhoû nhoû nhoû nhoï nhaén adj. tiny, dainty, pretty, little nhaët adj. unimportant; mean, trifling nheû adj. [of voice] soft, gentle nhen adj. mean, petty, small-minded to v. to talk intimately, to coo xíu adj. very tiny, very small uproot a tree nhoå neo v. to weigh anchor nhoài v. to stuff, to wad, to cram full: baép caûi adj., n. stained, sooty; soot: maët ñaày nhoï to have one’s face covered with soot nhoï nhem adj. dirty, spotted nhoaø v. to be blurred, to be dimmed nhoaøi v. to be exhausted, to be faint with exhaustion: meät nhoaøi to feel too tired nhoaùng n. flash, glossy: boùng nhoaùng shiny; chôùp nhoaùng lightning; haøo nhoaùng showy, glittering, having good appearance nhoïc adj. (= meät) weary, tired, worn out: meät nhoïc to be tired; khoù nhoïc painstaking, hard nhoïc loøng v. to take pains nhoïc nhaèn adj. tired, tiresome nhoeø v. to be smeared, to blur, to be smudged nhoeûn v. to smile slightly nhoi nhoùi adj. [of pain] piercing, excruciating nhom adj. skinny, like a lath: ngöôøi gaày nhom skinny person nhoùm 1 v. to light, to kindle: nhoùm beáp to light a stove; nhoùm löûa to kindle a fire 2 n., v. group; to gather, to meet, to unite; to hold [meeting]; [of meeting; conference]: to be held: nhoùm hoïp to hold a meeting; phieân nhoùm meeting; phoøng nhoùm meeting room, conference room nhoøm v. See doøm nhoùn v. to pinch: nhoùn maáy haït ñaäu phuïng to pinch some peanuts nhoùn chaân v. to walk on tiptoe nhoùn goùt v. to stand or walk on tiptoe nhoïn adj. sharp, pointed: nhoïn hoaét to be very sharp, pointed nhong nhong v. to tinkle [of bells] nhong nhoùng v. to wait for a long time nhoûng nhaõnh v. to behave in a flirtatious manner nhoûng nheõo v. to snivel nhoâ v. to raise [head, etc.], to jut out; to project: nhoâ ñaàu leân to raise one’s head; nhaáp nhoâ to bob up and down nhoá nhaêng adj. See loá laêng nhoå 1 v. to spit: oáng nhoå spittoon; caám nhoå baäy No Spitting! 2 v. to pull out, to uproot; nhoài thòt stuffed cabbage; caø chua nhoài thòt stuffed tomatoes; nhoài soï to cram; to indoctrinate nhoâm n. [Fr. aluminium] aluminium nhoàm nhoaøm v. to eat like a pig nhoåm v. to stand up, to get up nhoán nhaùo adj. disorderly, riotous, noisy nhoän v. to be troublesome, to bustle nhoän nhòp adj. busy, lively, bustling nhoäng n. chryalis of silkworm: traàn nhö nhoäng stark naked nhoát v. to lock up, to keep, to detain, to confine: nhoát chim trong loàng to confine a bird in a cage nhoät v. to feel tickled nhô adj. See dô nhôù v. to remember, to recall; to miss [family, etc.]: ghi nhôù to remember; söïc nhôù to remember suddenly; töôûng nhôù to remember, to think of; thöông nhôù to think of, to mourn for [deceased person]; trí nhôù memory nhôù dai v. to have a good memory nhôù laïi v. to recall, to reminisce nhôù mang maùng v. to remember vaguely nhôù mong v. to long to see someone nhôù nhaø v. to be homesick nhôù nhung v. to miss someone nhôù ra v. to remember suddenly nhôù thöông v. to long to see; to grieve for: nhôù thöông gia ñình to long to see one’s family nhôø v. to rely on, to ask for, to depend on: nhôø ai laøm vieäc gì to ask someone to do something nhôø coù v. to thank nhôø caäy v. to depend on someone for something, to ask for: nhôø caäy caáp treân giuùp ñôõ to depend on superiors for help nhôø vaû v. to depend on [for help, support] nhôõ 1 adj. medium sized 2 v. (= lôõ) to miss: nhôõ chuyeán xe löûa saùng nay to miss this morning’s train nhôn n. See nhaân nhôn nhôn adj. brazen faced, self-satisfied nhôùn adj. See lôùn nhôùn nhaùc v. to look haggard/anxious; to look around in bewilderment nhôøn adj. oily, greasy; too familiar [to elder or superiors] 176 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nhö theá nhôûn nhô v. to look carefree; to be playful nhôõn n. See nhaõn nhôùp adj. dirty: maët maøy nhôùp nhuùa dirty face nhôùt 1 adj. viscous 2 n. motor oil nhôùt nhôït adj. very slimy, very viscous nhôït adj. See lôït nhôït nhaït adj. very pale: nöôùc da nhôït nhaït pale complexion nhu adj. (= meàm) to be soft [opp. cöông], flexible: luùc nhu luùc cöông flexible sometimes and tough at other times nhu caàu n. need, requirement: thoaû maõn nhu caàu to meet one’s needs nhu ñaïo n. judo nhu mì adj. gentle, sweet nhu nhuù v. to begin to sprout: nhu nhöôïc adj. feeble, weak-hearted nhu thuaät n. judo nhu yeáu n. need, prime necessity nhu yeáu phaåm n. necessaries, necessities nhuû v. to advise, to urge, to exhort: khuyeân nhuû baïn beø to advise one’s friends nhuõ maãu n. wet nurse nhuaàn nhuyeãn adj. skillful, fluent nhuaän adj. [of month, year] leap, intercalary: thaùng naêm nhuaän an an intercalary fifth month; naêm nhuaän leap year nhuaän buùt n. royalty nhuaän saéc v. to embellish, to revise [a text] nhuaän traøng adj. aperient, laxative nhuùc nhích v. to stir, to budge, to move: ñöùng yeân khoâng nhuùc nhích to stand firmly without moving nhuïc adj., v. disgraced, dishonored [opp. vinh]; to shame, to disgrace, to feel humiliated: laøm nhuïc to dishonor, to insult; oâ nhuïc shame; sæ nhuïc to insult, to offend; vinh nhuïc glory and shame; ups and downs nhuïc duïc n. sexual desire, lust nhuïc ñaäu khaáu n. nutmeg nhuïc hình n. corporal punishment nhuïc maï v. to insult, to curse nhuïc nhaõ v., adj. shameful, disgraceful nhueä adj. pointed; sharp, acute: tinh nhueä well-trained nhueä binh n. well-trained army nhueä khí n. ardor, enthusiasm, zeal nhuùm v., n. to pinch; pinch, bite: moät nhuùm ñöôøng a pinch of sugar nhuùn v., adj. lowering oneself by bending one’s legs; humble, modest nhuùn vai v. to shrug one’s shoulders nhuùn mình adj. modest nhuùn nhöôøng adj. modest, self-effacing: thaùi ñoä nhuùn nhöôøng a modest attitude nhuûn adj. very soft, pulpy, faint: buûn nhuûn chaân tay to have one’s limbs weakened nhuõn v. to become soft [because of overcook- ing or overriping]; to be modest: nhuõn nhaën modest and courteous nhung 1 n. velvet: gheá nhung velvet chairs 2 n. young antler nhung nhuùc v. to swarm, to teem nhung phuïc n. military uniform nhung trang n. military attire nhuùng v. to dip [in water]; to interfere [vaøo in]: nhuùng chaû gioø vaøo nöôùc chaám to dip spring rolls into fish sauce nhuøng nhaèng v. to hesitate, to procrastinate nhuûng nhaúng v. to be stubborn, to drag out nhuõng v., adj. disturbed; disorderly, superfluous nhuõng laïi adj. corrupted nhuõng laïm v. [of official] to be corrupt, to take bribes nhuõng nhieãu v. to disturb, to harass nhuoác adj. dirty, soiled; stained, shameful: nhô nhuoác sallying nhuoám v. to catch [disease]: nhuoám beänh to catch a disease nhuoäm v. to dye: thôï nhuoäm dyer; thuoác nhuoäm dyestuffs, dyes; nhuoäm aùo quaàn to dye one’s clothes nhuùt nhaùt adj. timid, shy nhuït adj., v. [of knife] dull, blunt; to get dumped: laøm nhuït to get dumped nhuî n. (= nhò) stamen, pistil: nhuî hoa flower stamen nhuyeãn adj. soft and smooth, yielding, wellkneaded: boät nhuyeãn well-kneaded dough nhuyeãn khaåu caùi n. soft palate, velum nhuyeãn theå n. mollusk nhö 1 adj. like; as: gioáng nhö to look like; hình nhö, döôøng nhö it seems that; y nhö exactly alike, identical with; coøn nhö as for 2 conj. if, in case nhö ai adv. like/as any other nhö cuõ adv. as previously, as before nhö heät adv. exactly alike, as like as two peas nhö khoâng adv. a cinch, as if nothing had happened nhö laø adv. as if: laøm vieäc nhö laø chôi to work as if one plays nhö sau adv. as follows nhö theá adv. thus, so; like that 177 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nhö theå nhö nhö nhö nhö nhö nhö nhö nhö nhöù nhöø theå adv. as if, like, as though thöôøng adj. as usual tröôùc adv. as before, as previously tuoàng adv. as if, as though vaày adv. like this; then vaäy adv. thus, so; like that xöa adv. as formerly yù adj. as you wish, as you like v. to entice, to lure [with a bait] v., adj. softened; well-done/cooked, ten- nhöôïng boä v. to make concessions, to compromise, to yield, to give way nhöôïng ñòa n. concession, leasehold nhöùt num. See nhaát nhöït n. See nhaät ni 1 n. Buddhist nun: ni coâ Buddhist nun; taêng ni monks and nuns, the Buddhist clergy 2 adj. (= naøy) this, these: caùi ni this thing der: naùt nhöø completely smashed; chín nhöø well-cooked nhöø ñoøn v. to get a sound beating nhöø töû adj. half-dead nhöû n. rheum [from the eyes] nhöû v. to entice, to lure: nhöû moài to lure with a bait nhöïa n. sap, gum, tar, resin; asphalt; glue: nhöïa soáng sap, vitality; nhöïa ñöôøng asphalt nhöùc v. to ache, to feel a stinging pain: nhöùc ñaàu to have a headache; nhöùc raêng to have a toothache nhöng conj. but, yet: nhöng maø but nhöõng adv. [pluralizer] various, all, certain number: nhöõng ai all those who, any one; nhöõng gì what [things]; nhöõng khi whenever, every time; nhöõng luùc whenever, every time; nhöõng ngöôøi khoâng ñoùng thueá those who don’t pay taxes nhöôïc adj. (= yeáu) weak; worn out, exhausted: nhöôïc ñieåm weakness; suy nhöôïc deficient, decreasing; nhu nhöôïc weak [morally] nhöôïc baèng adv. if, in case nhöôïc ñieåm n. weakness, shortcoming [opp. öu ñieåm] nhöôïc tieåu adj. underdeveloping: caùc nöôùc nhöôïc tieåu underdeveloping countries nhöôøng v. to cede, to yield, to be self-denying, to give up what is one’s due: nhöôøng choã cho ñaøn baø, treû con vaø ngöôøi giaø to give up one’s seat to women, children or elderly people nhöôøng aáy n. that much, that many: nhöôøng aáy cuõng ñuû that much will do nhöôøng böôùc v. to give way to somebody nhöôøng choã v. to give up one’s seat nhöôøng laïi v. to give up something to someone, to leave something to someone nhöôøng lôøi v. to leave the floor [or pass the microphone] to somebody nhöôøng ngoâi v. to abdicate nhöôøng nhòn v. to show self-denial nhöôïng v. See nhöôøng næ n. wool, felt næ non v. to complain; to moan, to groan; [of speech] to be sweet, or plaintive nia adj. large, flat basket nóa n. fork: muoãng nóa spoon and fork ních v. to stuff, to fill: ních cho ñaày tuùi to fill up one’s pocket; chaät ních very crowded nòch adj. sure, stable, firm: chaéc nòch as iron; chaéc nòch [of things] firm nieâm 1 n. stamp, postage stamp 2 v. to seal: nieâm phong bì laïi to seal an envelope nieâm luaät n. prosody nieâm phong v. to close, to seal up [envelope, door] nieâm yeát v. to stick, to post [bill, announcement] nieàm nôû adj. [of welcome, reception] warm, cordial: söï ñoùn tieáp nieàm nôû a warm welcome nieäm v. to pray under one’s breath, to chant [prayer]: tuïng nieäm to chant prayers nieân n. (= naêm) year: thöôøng nieân annual; kinh nieân chronic; taân nieân New Year; chu nieân anniversary; cao nieân old age; ñoàng nieân of the same age; nguõ nieân five years; taát nieân year’s end nieân boång n. yearly salary, annual pay nieân ñaïi n. era, age, generation: nieân ñaïi ñoà ñaù The Stone Age nieân giaùm n. year book, directory: nieân giaùm ñieän thoaïi telephone directory nieân nieân nieân nieân nieân nieân hieäu n. dynastic title hoïc n. school year, academic year khoaù n. school year, fiscal year kyû n. age, era lòch n. almanac thieáu n. youth, young, childhood: thôøi nieân thieáu the days of youth nieân tröôûng n. senior, oldest person nieân xæ n. age nieâu n. earthenware pot [used to cook rice, etc.]: côm nieâu rice cooked in an earthen pot nín v. to stop [crying khoùc, laughing cöôøi, breathing thôû]: nín cöôøi to stop laughing nín baët v. to stop suddenly [crying, talking] 178 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nín thinh v. to keep silent nín thôû v. to hold one’s breath ninh v. to braise, to simmer, to boil for a long noâ nom v. to look, to see: chaêm nom to look after; thaêm nom to visit; troâng nom to look after, to take care of non 1 adj. tender, young [opp. giaø]; to be time unripe; weak, feeble; inexperienced, premanònh v. to flatter, to fawn on nòt v., n. to tie, to belt; garter, belt: nòt buïng to ture, a little less than: ñeû non to be a premabelt one’s belly ture baby; to have a premature baby; da non níu v. to cling, to grab; to hold back, to pull back skin on a newly healed wound; haàu non young concubine; ruoät non small intestine; tre non no v., adj. full [after eating], full, enough: no buïng to be full of stuff; aên cho no to eat one’s young bamboo; cheát non to die young 2 n. fill mountain: nuùi non mountains; non xanh nöôùc bieác green mountains and blue water no aám adj. well-provided, well-off no ñuû v. to have all that one needs non boä n. rockwork in a garden no neâ v. to be full non choeït adj. very young no say v. to have eaten well non gan adj. chicken-hearted noù pron. [arrogant] he, him, she, her, it [child, non nôùt adj. inexperienced, new in one’s field animal] non nöôùc n. motherland, fatherland noû n. crossbow, arbalest non soâng n. fatherland, motherland noõ n. core, slump; bowl [of pipe] noùn n. conical palm hat, cartwheel hat, hat, noï adv. (= kia) other, that: hoâm noï the other helmet (= muõ): noùn laù conical palm hat; ñoäi noùn an toaøn to wear a helmet day; caùi naøy caùi noï this and that noùc n. roof top, house top: noùc nhaø house top noùn laù n. conical palm hat noïc n. venom, sting; talon, stock [in card noùn loâng n. feather hat noõn n. bud, burgeon game]: noïc raén a snake’s venom noi v. to follow [trail chaân, example göông]: noõn naø adj. white and soft: traéng noõn naø very noi göông ai to follow someone’s example white noùi v. to talk, to speak; to tell, to say: noùi nong 1 n. flat, large winnowing basket 2 v. chuyeän vôùi ai to talk to someone; noùi tieáng to stretch; to exert oneself: nong chieác giaøy Vieät gioûi to speak Vietnamese very well; chaät to stretch a tight shoe gioïng noùi tone [of voice], voice; hay noùi talk- noùng adj. warm, hot [subject trôøi if weather is ative; lôøi noùi words mentioned]; hot-tempered: hô noùng to warm noùi boùng v. to hint [with or without malice] up over a fire; hôi noùng hot air; maùu noùng angry, quick-tempered; ñoát noùng to warm up noùi bôõn v. to crack jokes noùi caøn v. to talk nonsense noùng böùc adj., n. sweltering; suffocating heat noùi caïnh v. to insinuate noùng ñaàu adj. feverish noùi chôi v. to kid, to joke: noùng giaän v. to become angry, to get mad noùi doùc v. to tell a lie, to boast noùng hoåi adj. [of food] very hot noùi doái v. to lie noùng laïnh v. to have fever noùi ñuøa v. to kid, to joke noùng loøng adj. impatient, anxious noùi khoaùc v. to boast noùng maët v. to become furious noùi laùo v. to talk nonsense; to tell lies noùng naåy v. [of weather] to be hot; to be noùi leo v. to interrupt adults or superiors quick-tempered noùi maùt v. to insinuate noùng nöïc adj. hot, sweltering noùi pheùt v. to boast noùng ruoät v. to be impatient, anxious noùi quanh v. to speak around noùng soát adj. [of food] warm; impatient; [of news] fresh, hot: thöùc aên noùng soát hot food; noùi thaúng v. to speak openly noùi thaàm v. to whisper tin töùc noùng soát hot/fresh news noùi thaät v. to speak the truth noùng tieát adj. furious noùi tuïc v. to use obscene language noùng tính adj. quick-tempered noùi xaáu v. to speak ill of noïng n. neck, throat [of animals] noùi xoû v. to utter ironical innuendoes against noâ 1 v. to amuse oneself, to engage in frolic noøi n. race: noøi ngöôøi human race 2 n. servant, slave: noâng noâ serf 179 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH noâ boäc [lineage] side; hoï noäi relatives on father’s side noäi boä n. internal situation/affairs noäi caùc n. cabinet [in government]: hoäi ñoàng noäi caùc cabinet council noäi chính n. domestic politics, internal affairs excitement noâ tyø n. maid-servant noäi coâng n. inner strength noå v. to explode, to go off: chaát noå, thuoác noå noäi cung n. inner temple; inner palace explosive; buøng noå to break out; tieáng noå noäi dung n. contents [of speech, document]: noäi dung cuoán saùch the contents of a book explosion noã löïc v. to strive, to endeavor, to exert all noäi ñòa n. inland one’s strength noäi giaùn n. planted spy noä v. to intimidate noäi hoaù n. local goods, domestic products noác v. to drink in one gulp, to gulp: noác noäi khoa n. internal medicine nguyeân moät chai röôïu to gulp down the noäi loaïn n. civil war; internal strife whole bottle of wine Noäi Moâng n. Inner Mongolia noâi n. cradle noäi phaûn n. traitor noái v. to join, to connect [by sewing, tying, noäi qui n. regulations, by-laws welding]: noái lieàn to connect; gaïch noái hyphen noäi taïi adj. imminent noái doõi v. to carry on the lineage, to continue noäi thaän n. kidney the ancestral line noäi thöông 1 n. internal disease 2 n. internal noái ñuoâi v. to form a queue, to stand in line, to trade: phaùt trieån noäi thöông to improve the be bumper to bumper internal trade noái goùt v. to follow the example of, to imitate, noäi tòch n. registered on a village’s roll [of to copy: noái goùt baäc ñaøn anh to follow the names] noäi tình n. internal situation examples of seniors noái khoá adj. [of friends] bosom: baïn noái khoá a noäi trò n. internal affairs, internal administrabosom friend tion noái nghieäp v. to continue someone’s work noäi trôï n. housewife, housekeeper, noái ngoâi v. to succeed to the throne housekeeping noài n. pot, cauldron: noài ñaát an earthen pot noäi töôùng n. wife noài caát n. alambic, still noäi vuï n. internal affairs: Boä tröôûng Noäi vuï Secretary of Internal Affairs noài chöng n. autoclave noài haáp n. autoclave noâm n. demotic or vulgar script: chöõ noâm noåi 1 v. to rise to the surface, to emerge, to demotic script [as opp. to chöõ Nho/Haùn float; [of relief] high [opp. chìm]; to swell up, Chinese script]; tieáng Noâm native language noàm adj. [of wind] southern: gioù noàm south to appear; [of rebels] to rise up; [of storm] to wind, southeast wind come up: noåi loaïn to riot, to revolt; cuûa noåi visible wealth, real estate; ba chìm baûy noåi noäm 1 n. salad 2 n. effigy to be burnt in a reliwith many ups and downs; trôøi noåi gioù the gious ceremony; puppet wind rises 2 v. (= ñöôïc) to have the strength, noân 1 v. to throw up, to vomit: noân möûa, noân oeï to vomit; buoàn noân nauseous, nauseating to be able to, can [able to do something] noåi danh v. to become famous 2 v. to be bursting to noåi loaïn v. to rebel noân nao adj. nauseous, dizzy, anxious noåi noùng v. to lose one’s temper noân noùng v. to be eager to, to be bursting to noãi loøng n. feelings, sentiments noâng 1 n. agriculture, farming: canh noâng noãi nieàm n. feelings, sentiments agriculture; nhaø noâng farmer; noâng traïi farm noäi adj. (= trong) inside, inner, internal [opp. 2 adj. shallow ngoaïi]; on the father’s side [opp. ngoaïi], noâng caïn adj. shallow, superficial among, within: oâng baø noäi paternal grandnoâng cuï n. farm implement, farm tools parents; chaùu noäi children of one’s son; noäi noâng daân n. peasant, farmer nhaät hoâm nay today; beân noäi one’s father’s noâng gia n. farmer noâ noâ noâ noâ noâ boäc n. servant ñuøa v. to amuse oneself, to play leä n. slave, slavery leä hoùa v. to enslave nöùc v. to emulate; to show up amidst 180 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH noâng noâng noâng noâng noâng noâng noâng noâng noâng noâng noàng nöõ ñieàu döôõng to slacken; to loosen [knot, control]: nôùi thaét giôùi n. farmers [collectively] hoïc n. agriculture, agronomy laâm n. agriculture and forestry nghieäp n. agriculture: noåi v. to act without much thinking noãi n. uncomfortable situation, plight phu n. farmer saûn n. farm products traïi n. farm tröôøng n. collective farm löng to loosen one’s belt nôùi roäng v. to extend [authority], to relax [control] nôùi tay v. to be lenient, to relax control nôm nôùp adj. fearful, nervous nuï n. bud: nuï hoa flower bud; nuï hoàng a rose bud; cheø nuï, traø nuï tea buds; cöôøi nuï a smile nuùc ních adj. fat and clumsy nuùi n. [SV sôn] mountain: ngoïn nuùi the top of adj. [of scent] strong; [of feelings] warm, intense, hot, ardent: röôïu noàng strong wine noàng haäu adj. warm, intense, deep: caûm tình noàng haäu a warm symphathy noàng naøn adj. intense, profound, impetuous, passionate: tình yeâu noàng naøn a passionate love noàng nöïc adj. sweltering, sultry noäp v. to deliver [criminal], to submit [application] to the authorities; to pay [taxes, fine], to hand in: noäp ñôn xin vieäc to submit an application for a job noát 1 n. spot, mark: noát ruoài beauty mark, mole 2 v. to finish [doing something], to finish up: AÊn noát ñi! Finish it!; Laøm noát ñi! Finish it! [work or food] 3 n. [Fr. note] grade, mark [student’s]; note [music] nô n. [Fr. noeud] bow tie, bow [with ñeo, thaét to wear] nôû v. [of flower, plant] to bloom, to open; [of eggs] to hatch: gaø nôû the chicken hatched; sinh nôû to have a child nôû maøy nôû maët v. to be happy, to be proud nôõ v. to have the heart [to do something]: nôõ loøng naøo to have the heart to do something for no reason; chaúng nôõ, khoâng nôõ not to have the heart to nôï v. to owe, to be in debt: coâng nôï, moùn nôï debt; con nôï debtor; chuû nôï creditor; ñoøi nôï, hoûi nôï to collect a debt; khaùch nôï debtor; khaát nôï to ask for a postponement; mang nôï, maéc nôï to get into debt; quòt nôï to refuse to pay a debt; vôõ nôï bankrupt nôï ñôøi n. debt owed for a lifetime nôï maùu n. blood debt nôï mieäng n. bread-and-butter debt: traû nôï mieäng to return an invitation to dinner nôï naàn n., v. debts; to owe nôi n. place, location: khaép moïi nôi everywhere; nôi sinh birthplace; ñeán/tôùi nôi to arrive at a place nôùi v. to disrobe, remove [a dress]; to ease, a mountain; chaân nuùi the foot of mountain; daõy/raëng nuùi a range of mountains nuùi löûa n. volcano nuùi non n. mountains nung v. to bake [brick, lime, iron]: nung baùnh mì to bake bread nuùm n., v. knob, button; handful; to seize, to catch; to grab: nuùm cöûa a door knob; nuùm laáy noù to grab him nuùm vuù n. teat, nipple nuùng adj. shaken, disturbed, weakened nuõng adj. wheedling [of child, wife]; to ask for/ seek caress/attention from nuoäc n. round, turn, knot [of string]: coät moät nuoäc laït to tie a turn of bamboo tape nuoâi v. [SV döôõng] to nourish, to feed, to breed, to rear; to support, to adopt; to grow [hair]: con nuoâi adopted child; Hoäi Cha Meï Nuoâi Foster Parents Plan Inc; vuù nuoâi wet nurse; nuoâi con baèng söõa to breastfeed; nuoâi choù to breed a dog nuoâi döôõng v. to cultivate, to foster nuoâi naáng v. to bring up: nuoâi naáng con caùi to bring up children nuoâng v. to indulge, to spoil [child]: nuoâng chieàu con to indulge one’s children nuoát v. to swallow; to control [anger, hatred]; to suppress; to break [promise lôøi (höùa)]: nuoát moät vieân thuoác to swallow a medicinal pill; nuoát lôøi höùa to break a promise nuoát tröûng v. to swallow without chewing nuùp v. to hide, to take cover: aån nuùp to hide nuùt n. cork, cap, stopper, knot: môû nuùt chai to draw a cork; gôõ nuùt giaây to undo knots of a string nöõ n. (= gaùi) woman, female: nöõ anh huøng heroine; nöõ cöùu thöông female nurse; cung nöõ imperial servant, imperial concubine; phuï nöõ woman, women; sö nöõ Buddhist nun nöõ anh huøng n. heroine (= anh thö) nöõ coâng n. housework, sewing, cooking nöõ ñieàu döôõng n. nurse 181 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH nöõ giôùi nöõ nöõ nöõ nöõ nöõ nöõ nöõ nöõ nöõ nöõ giôùi n. women’s world, the female sex hoaøng n. queen hoïc ñöôøng n. girls’ school hoïc sinh n. schoolgirl khaùn hoä n. female nurse löu n. woman, girl; female ca só n. female singer sinh n. schoolgirl sinh vieân n. girl student thí sinh n. girl candidate, girl student [at nöôùc 1 n. [SV thuyû] water; liquid, fluid; juice [of fruit], milk [of coconut]: tieàn nöôùc water bill; maùy nöôùc hydrant; nhieàu nöôùc juicy; ñun nöôùc pha traø to boil water to make tea 2 n. [SV quoác] country, nation, state: nhaø nöôùc government, state; ñoà baùn nöôùc traitor; ñaát nöôùc nation, motherland; yeâu nöôùc patriotic nöôùc aên n. drinking water nöôùc baøi n. move [in card game] nöôùc baïn n. friendly nation, neighboring exam], female examinee countries nöõ trang n. jewelry; female attire nöôùc boït n. saliva nöõ vöông n. queen nöôùc cam n. orange juice nöõ y taù n. female nurse nöôùc canh n. soup nöùa n., adj. species of bamboo; slender, nöôùc chanh n. lemon juice, lemonade thornless, long-sectioned [used as building nöôùc chaám n. sauce materials] nöôùc cheø n. tea [the drink] nöûa n. [SV baùn] a half; mid: nöûa thaùng half a nöôùc côø n. move [in chess] month, fortnight; giaø nöûa more than a half; nöôùc da n. complexion hôn nöûa more than a half; quaù nöûa a little nöôùc daõi n. saliva more than fifty percent, over fifty percent; non nöôùc ñaù n. ice nöûa less than a half; baùn nöûa tieàn to sell at nöôùc ñaùi n. urine half price; nöûa tænh nöûa half sober, half drunk; nöôùc ñaùi quæ n. ammonia nöûa noï nöûa kia half and half; nöûa naïc nöûa nöôùc ñoäc n. unhealthy climate môõ half joking, half serious nöôùc hoa n. perfume nöûa chöøng n. half way [done] nöôùc kieäu n. amble nöûa ñeâm n. midnight nöôùc laõ n. [plain] water nöûa ñôøi n. uncompleted life nöôùc laïnh n. [cold] water nöûa ñöôøng n. half way nöôùc loïc n. boiled and filtered water nöûa ngaøy n. half day; noontime nöôùc maém n. fish sauce nöõa adj. additional, more, further: laùt nöõa, nöôùc maën n. salt or sea water choác nöõa in a moment; coøn nöõa to be contin- nöùôc maét n. tears ued [put at the end of articles]; more coming; nöôùc mieáng n. saliva hôn nöõa moreover; hai quyeån saùch nöõa two nöôùc ngoaøi n. foreign country nöôùc ngoït n. fresh water more books; hai ngöôøi nöõa two more persons; aên nöõa ñi to eat some more nöôùc nhaø n. home country nöõa laø adv. much less, let alone, even nöôùc non n. nation nöùc adj. widespread; ardent, enthusiastic: nöôùc sôn n. coat of paint thôm nöùc odorous, fragrant nöôùc thuyû trieàu n. tide nöùc danh adj. very famous nöôùc tieåu n. urine nöùc loøng v. to become enthusiastic nöông 1 n. terrace field, farm [of sweet potanöùc noûm v. to cry, to sob toes khoai, tea cheø, mulberry daâu, etc.]: nöùc nôû v. to sob: khoùc nöùc nôû to sob one’s ruoäng nöông rice fields; nöông khoai sweet heart out; khen nöùc nôû to praise someone potatoes field 2 v. to lean on, to rely on, to with many words depend on [for support and shelter] nöùc tieáng v. to become famous nöông naùu v. to take refuge, to be in hiding nöïc adj. hot: trôøi naéng nöïc it is hot; muøa nöïc nöông tay v. to be careful; to treat with conhot season, summer sideration nöïc cöôøi adj. funny nöôùng v. to roast [meat, corn], to grill, to toast: nöïc noäi adj. hot naáu nöôùng to cook; nöôùng baùnh to grill cake nöng v. See naâng nöùt v. to crack, to split nöùng v. to be in the heat nöùt maét adj. newly-hatched, too young 182 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ong baàu Nöõu Öôùc n. New York: ñi thaêm thaønh phoá ment, hatred; thuø oaùn to resent; aân oaùn ingratitude and rancor oaùn thaùn v. to complain, to grumble oaùn thuø v. to resent, to hate oaùn traùch v. to complain, to grumble: oaùn traùch ngöôøi naøo to complain about someone o 1 n. paternal aunt [father’s sister] 2 n. young oaûn n. steamed glutinous rice molded into a girl: o con gaùi a young girl 3 v. to coax, to truncated cone and offered in Buddhist temples: oaûn baùnh khaûo truncated cone-shaped seduce, to flirt: o meøo to flirt o beá v. to flatter; to pamper, to spoil: o beá ai cookie made of rice flour to flatter someone oang adj. [of voice] resonant, resounding o o v. to snore noisily oang oang v. to speak loudly o oe v. [of infant] to cry oanh n. oriole: chim oanh oriole où n. eagle oanh kích v. to bomb, to attack with bombs où v. to shout, to boo, to scream oanh lieät adj. glorious, famous, heroic, illustrious oa tröõ v. to receive [stolen goods], to harbor [criminal] oanh taïc v. to bomb: maùy bay oanh taïc bomber oaø v. to break into tears: khoùc oaø to burst into oanh taïc cô n. bomber tears oaønh oaïch adj. frequent, thudding: ngaõ oaønh oaïch to fall frequently oaùch adj. well-dressed oaïch n. thud: rôi xuoáng moät caùi oaïch to fall oaèn oaïi v. [of wounded or suffering person] to down with a thud squirm, to writhe oai v., n. to look stately, imposing; majesty, oaèn tuø tì n. one two three [children’s game] oaét adj. [slang] little, small [brat], puny: oaét con authority thin and short, dwarfish oai huøng adj. formidable; prestigious oai nghi adj. majestic; august oaët v. to bend, to give away oai nghieâm adj. stately, imposing, august oùc n. [SV naõo] brain, mind: ñaàu oùc minh maãn oai oaùi v. to cry because of pain bright mind; loaïn oùc to be mentally disturbed; oai quyeàn n. power, authority: chöùng toû oai nhöùc oùc deafening, ear-splitting quyeàn cuûa mình to show one’s power oùc aùch adj. (= oïc aïch) flatulent oai veä adj. stately, imposing oùc xyùt n. oxide: oùc xyùt giaø peroxide; oùc xyùt oaùi oaêm adj. complicated, intricate; strange; man-gan giaø manganese peroxide cruel, awkward: tình caûnh oaùi oaêm an awkoïc v. to vomit, to throw up; to flow ward situation oïc oïc v. to gurgle, to bubble [of water] oaûi adj. tired, worn out: ueå oaûi worn out oe oe v. [of baby] to cry, to wail oan adj. condemned or punished unjustly: oeï v. to vomit: noân oeï to retch vu oan to accuse unjustly; cheát oan to die oi adj. sultry, hot and sticky unjustly; ñoå oan to accuse falsely; giaûi oan to oi aû adj. hot and sticky expiate; chòu oan, bò oan to be a victim of an oi böùc adj. hot and muggy injustice; minh oan to bring injustice to light; oùi v. to have indigestion; to throw up, to vomit thaùc oan to die unjustly; vu oan to libel om 1 v. to simmer [fish, shrimps, crab]; to drag oan gia n. misfortune, ruin out: om caù to simmer fish 2 adv. noisily 3 adj. very dark: toái om pitch dark 4 n. [Fr. ohm] oan hoàn n. soul of someone who died a victim of injustice ohm [in physics]: om keá ohmmeter oan nghieät adj. evil, wicked om soøm adv. noisily: noùi chuyeän om soøm to chat noisily oan traùi n. [Buddhism] debt from previous life, oûm adj. noisy, fussy: caõi nhau oûm toûi to quarkarma derived from bad actions rel noisily oan uoång adj. unjust, unfortunate oan öùc adj. unfair, wrong: moät quyeát ñònh oûn eûn adj. [of voice] female-like, soft-spoken oan öùc an unfair decision ong n. bee: baày ong swarm of bees; toå ong oaùn v., n. to resent, to bear a grudge against; beehive; maät ong honey; saùp ong beeswax resentment, hatred: oaùn giaän/oaùn hôøn resent- ong baàu n. wasp Nöõu Öôùc to visit New York City O 183 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ong böôùm ong ong ong ong ong ong ong oùng böôùm n. bees and butterflies; flirtations chuùa n. queen bee ñaát n. wasp ñöïc n. drone maät n. honey bee ngheä n. drone thôï n. worker bee oå n. nest, brood, litter, pallet, hole; loaf: oå chim bird-nest; oå maét eye-hole; moät oå baùnh mì a loaf of bread oå ñóa a cöù c ng n. hard disk drive oác n. snail; nut, screw; shell-fish: ñinh oác screw; oác seân snail; buùn oác shell-fish vermicelli soup adj. [of fabric] shining, glossy: oùng aû/oùng oác böôu n. river snail aùnh smooth and shining, glittering oác nhoài n. large edible snail: maét oác nhoài oûng v. to be potbellied: oûng buïng [of belly] bulging eyes protuberant oác vaën n. helix, screw oõng eïo v., adj. to walk or behave flirtatiously; oäc v. to spew, to gush out, to flow out: oäc maùu ra to spew blood out unusual and playful oùp adj. meager, not well-filled oâi 1 adj. [of meat] spoiled, rotten, tainted: thòt oâi tainted meat 2 exclam. Alas! Oh!: Chao oâi! oïp eïp adj. [of box, package] flimsy, cranky Than oâi! Alas! oùt n. nape/scruff of the neck oái 1 exclam. oh!: OÁi trôøi oâi! Heavens! Help! 2 adj. plenty of, many oåi n. guava: quaû/traùi oåi guava fruit oâm v. to embrace, to carry in both arms [with oâ 1 n. (= duø) umbrella: che oâ to carry an chaët, ghì tightly] umbrella over one’s head; xeáp oâ laïi to close oâm aáp v. to hug; to cherish, to harbor an umbrella; döông oâ to open an umbrella oâm buïng v. to hold one’s sides [with laughter] 2 n. compartment, box, case; drawer: keùo oâ oâm chaàm v. to embrace, to hug tight tuû ra laáy hoà sô to pull out drawers to find oám adj. [SV beänh] sick, ill (= ñau); to be lean, files 3 n. black: ngöïa oâ black horse 4 exclam. skinny (= gaày): phaùt oám to become sick; caùo oám to feign illness Oh! Hey! oâ chöõ n. crossword puzzle: chôi oâ chöõ to work oám lieät giöôøng v. to be seriously ill on a crossword puzzle oám naëng v. to be seriously ill oâ danh n. bad reputation oám ngheùn v. to have morning sickness oâ hay exclam. Well, why! oám töông tö v. to be lovesick oâ hoâ exclam. Alas! oám yeáu adj. thin, weak, feeble oâ hôïp adj. undisciplined, disorderly, unruly: oân v. to review [lessons], to revise: oân laïi baøi ñeå thi to review one’s lessons for an ñaïo quaân oâ hôïp an undisciplined army oâ keùo n. drawer examination oâ laïi n. corrupt official oân dòch n. epidemic; plague oâ mai n. apricots [or other small fruits] preoân ñoä n. temperature served in salt licorice and ginger oân ñôùi n. temperate zone oâ nhuïc adj. dishonored, sullied, ignoble oân hoaø adj. moderate, conciliating oâ roâ n. holly oân taäp v. to review [lesson] oâ ten n. [Fr. hôtel] hotel oân toàn adj. [of voice, speech] calm, poised oâ toâ toâ n. [Fr. automobile] auto(mobile), car, vehicle oàn adj. noisy: laøm oàn to make noise oâ toâ buyùt n. bus oàn aøo adj. noisy oâ toâ ray n. motor-rail oån adj. settled, steady: oån ñònh steady, stable; oâ troïc adj. impure, filthy yeân oån peaceful, safe oâ ueá adj. filthy, dirty oån ñònh adj. stable, steady oá adj. spotted, stained, soiled: aùo quaàn hoen oån thoaû adj. settled or arranged peacefully, oá stained clothes satisfactory to all oà 1 exclam. Oh!: OÀ! Hay quaù oh! Excellent! oâng 1 n. grandfather; you [used by grandchild to grandfather, first person pronoun being 2 v. to rush, to dash: cöôøi oà to roar with laughter chaùu]; I [used by grandfather to grandchild, oà aït v. [of a crowd] to move fast and impetuously second person pronoun being chaùu]: oâng noäi O 184 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH phaù paternal grandfather; oâng ngoaïi maternal grandfather 2 n. gentleman, sir, Mr., you [used for men, first person pronoun being toâi]; he [of men over 30] OÂng baø 1 n. grandparents; Mr. and Mrs. [so and so]: kính gôûi oâng baø Nguyeãn Vaên Nam to Mr. and Mrs. Nguyen Van Nam 2 n. ancestors, forefathers: thôø cuùng oâng baø to worship one’s ancestors oâng buït n. Buddha oâng chaùu n. grandfather and grandchild: hai oâng chaùu oâng Vieät Mr. Viet and his grandchild oâng coâng n. the kitchen god oâng cuï n. father; old gentleman oâng laõo n. old man oâng ngoaïi n. maternal grandfather oâng nhaïc n. father-in-law oâng noäi n. paternal grandfather oâng toå n. ancestor oâng traêng n. the moon oâng trôøi n. heavens oáng n. tube, pipe, canal; piggy bank: oáng daãn nöôùc water pipe; boû oáng to put money in a piggy bank oáng cao su n. hose, rubber pipe oáng chaân n. shin oáng chæ n. spool, reel oáng ñieáu n. smoking pipe [for smoking] oáng khoùi n. smokestack, chimney oáng kính n. lens [of a camera] oáng maùng n. drain pipe, gutter [under the eaves] oáng nghe n. stethoscope; earphone oáng nhoû gioït n. dropper oáng nhoøm n. binoculars, field glasses, opera glasses oáng nhoå n. spittoon oáng phoùng n. spittoon, cuspidor oáng quaàn n. leg of trousers oáng saùo n. flute oáng tay aùo n. sleeve of coat oáng tieâm n. syringe [for injections] oáng tieàn n. piggy bank oång pron. he, him (= oâng aáy) oáp 1 v. to prod, to goad: oáp ai laøm vieäc gì to prod someone to do something 2 v. to press together: oáp hai baøn tay laïi to press two hands together Ô ô ô ôø ôû intj. Hey! hôø adj. indifferent intj. Yes, Yea! 1 adv. [SV taïi] to be located, at, in, on 2 v. to live 3 v. to behave: ôû aùc vôùi ngöôøi khaùc to behave wickedly to someone ôû cöõ v. to bear a child; to be confined ôû ñaäu v. to stay temporarily ôû ñôï v. to be a servant ôû khoâng adj. idle ôû laïi v. to stay, to remain ôû loå v. to be naked ôû rieâng v. to make a separate home ôû troï v. to board, to live in a boarding-house ôû truoàng v. to be naked ôû vaäy v. to stay single ôï v. to burp, to belch ôi intj. Hey! Hello!: Trôøi ôi! Heavens!; Laâm ôi! Hey Lam! ôõm ôø adj. pretending not to be serious; in a joking manner ôn n. [SV aân] favor: laøm ôn cho ai to do someone a favor; Caûm ôn Thanks, Thank you; bieát ôn to be grateful; chòu ôn to be indebted to; ñeàn ôn to return a favor ôn hueä n. favor ôn nghóa n. favor, benefit, blessing ôùn v. to be sick of ôùt n. chilli, red pepper: töông ôùt chilli sauce P pha 1 v. to mix; to prepare, to make: pha traø to make tea; pha caø pheâ to make coffee 2 adj. all-purpose, miscellaneous: laøm pha nhieàu vieäc to do miscellaneous work 3 n. [Fr. phare] phase, stage: doøng ñieän ba pha three-phase electricity 4 n. [Fr. phare] headlight, searchlight: ñeøn pha high beam carlight [opp. coát] pha leâ n. crystal: moät boä ly pha leâ a set of crystal glasses pha troø v. to clown, to joke, to make jokes pha troän v. to mix: pha troän xi-maêng vaø caùt to mix cement and sand phaù v. to destroy, to demolish; to disturb, to bother: phaù nhaø cuõ ñeå xaây nhaø môùi to demolish an old house in order to build a new one 185 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH phaù aùn phaûi bieát adv. extremely, truly: ñeïp phaûi bieát phaù aùn v. to annul/void a verdict phaù bónh v. to play a dirty trick phaù ñaùm v. to disturb, to be a joy killer, to extremely beautiful phaûi caùch adj., n. proper, decent; right way, sabotage correct method phaù hoaïi demolition operation equivalent to “is it?,” “isn’t it?,” “are you?,” phaù giaù v. to set a price war; to devaluate: phaù phaûi chaêng adj. reasonable giaù ñoàng baïc Vieät Nam to devaluate the phaûi ñaïo adj. conformable doing a duty Vietnamese currency phaûi ñoøn v. to get a spanking phaù giôùi v. to violate religious commandments phaûi gioù v. to catch cold; to be naughty phaù hoaïi v. to destroy, to sabotage: coâng taùc phaûi khoâng adv. [tag question words ending “aren’t you?,” “does it?” etc.] phaù huyû v. to destroy phaù kyû luïc v. to break a [previous] record phaûi loøng v. to fall in love with phaù ngang v. to stop going to school, to aban- phaûi roài adj. quite right, that is it: phaûi traùi adj. right and wrong don one’s work phaù phaùch v. to devastate, to plunder phaøm 1 adv. as, being, generally speaking phaù quaáy v. to disturb the peace 2 adj. to be coarse, rude: ngöôøi phaøm aên a phaù saûn v. to become bankrupt rough eater phaù thai v. to have an abortion phaøm leä n. common sense; foreword phaù trinh v. to deflower phaøm phu n. ordinary man, philistine phaù vôõ v. to break through phaøm traàn n. this world phaø n. ferry: ñi phaø to take a ferry phaøm tuïc n. common custom phaùc 1 v. to reek, to breathe 2 v. to sketch; to phaïm 1 v. to violate, to break: phaïm luaät ñi outline: phaùc thaûo moät keá hoaïch to outline a plan phaùc hoaï v. to sketch, to outline: phaùc hoaï moät toaø nhaø cao oác to sketch a building plan phaùch 1 adj. bossy, boastful, haughty: laøm phaùch to be boastful 2 n. manner, way 3 n. detachable section, upper part of examination paper bearing examinee’s name: roïc phaùch to cut off the detachable section of an examination paper phaïch n. whack [noise of fans, sails, etc.] phai v. to fade; to fade away phaùi 1 n. branch, faction, wing, party: taû phaùi left wing; sect; giaùo phaùi sect; phe phaùi faction; ñaûng phaùi parties, partisan 2 v. to delegate, to send someone to do something phaùi boä n. mission phaùi ñoaøn n. mission, delegation: phaùi ñoaøn ngoaïi giao diplomatic mission; phaùi ñoaøn thöông maïi trade mission; tröôûng phaùi ñoaøn chief delegate phaùi nöõ n. female sex phaùi vieân n. envoy; correspondent: ñaëc phaùi vieân cuûa ABC special correspondent of ABC [a U.S. or Australia TV station] phaûi 1 v. to have to; must, should, ought to 2 adj. right [opp. traùi]: tay phaûi right hand; laøm ñieàu phaûi to do the right thing 3 adj. correct [opp. sai]; All right; Yes: traû lôøi phaûi correct answer ñöôøng to break traffic regulations 2 v. to commit, to make: phaïm toäi to commit an offense; phaïm loãi to make a mistake phaïm nhaân n. convict, prisoner phaïm phaùp v. to break the law phaïm phoøng v. to become sick after having sexual intercourse phaïm thöôïng v. to be impolite to superiors phaïm truø n. category, field phaïm vi n. sphere, domain, field, scope, competence phaùn v. [of kings, superiors] to order, to command phaùn phaùn phaøn phaûn ñoaùn v. to judge quyeát v. to decide, to make a decision naøn v. to complain, to grumble 1 n. wooden bed, camp bed 2 v. to be disloyal to; to betray: löøa thaày phaûn baïn to deceive one’s teacher and betray one’s friend phaûn aùnh v. to reflect; to inform, to report: baùo chí phaûn aùnh ñôøi soáng haøng ngaøy media report on daily living phaûn boäi v. to betray phaûn caùch maïng adj. anti-revolutionary, counter-revolutionary phaûn chieáu v. to reflect: söï phaûn chieáu toaøn phaàn total reflection phaûn chöùng n. counter-evidence phaûn coâng v. to counter-attack, to engage in a 186 counter-offensive VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH phaùt caùu phaûn cung v. [of criminal or suspect] to contradict oneself, to retract one’s statement phaûn daân chuû adj. anti-democratic phaûn ñeá adj. anti-imperialist phaûn ñeà n. antithesis phaûn ñeà nghò n. counter-proposal phaûn ñoái v. to oppose, to object, to be against phaûn ñoäng adj. reactionary phaûn giaùn v. to carry out counter-intelligence phaûn giaùn ñieäp n. counter-espionage, counter-spy phaûn hoài v. to go back, to return to phaûn khaùng v. to protest [against], to oppose phaûn loaïn n., v. rebellion; to rebel, to revolt phaûn löïc n. counter-reaction: maùy bay phaûn löïc jet plane phaûn nghòch adj. rebellious phaûn phuùc adj. treacherous phaûn quoác v. to betray one’s nation: teân phaûn quoác traitor, quisling phaûn taëc n. rebel phaûn traéc v. to betray phaûn öùng v., n. to react; reaction phaûn xaï v., n. to reflect; reflection Phaïn 1 n. Sanskrit, Pali: kinh chöõ phaïn a Sanskrit book of prayers 2 n. cooked rice (= côm) phaïn ñieám n. inn, restaurant, eatery Phaïn ngöõ n. Sanskrit, Pali phang v. to hit hard with a long stick, to whack phaûng phaát v., adj. [of thoughts, memories] to flit by, to linger, to waft; vague, dim phanh 1 v. to open up, to dissect [corpse thaây], to unbutton [shirt aùo]: phanh aùo ra to unbutton one’s shirt 2 v. (= thaéng) [Fr. frein] to brake: boùp phanh/haõm phanh to apply the brake; phanh tay hand brake phanh ngöïc v. to bare one’s chest phanh phui v. to reveal, to expose phanh thaây v. to kill someone violently with a knife [criminal] phaønh phaïch v. to flop [fan and the like] noisily phao 1 n. life buoy, life saver; float: mang phao vaøo khi leân taøu to put on a life saver while in a boat 2 n. oil container in a lamp 3 v. to spread [news, rumor], to circulate: phao tin nhaûm to circulate false rumors phao phí v. to waste, to squander: phao phí thì giôø to waste time phaùo 1 n. firecracker: ñoát phaùo to set off firecrackers 2 n. artillery gun phaùo binh n. artillery man phaùo boâng n. firework: ñi xem phaùo boâng to watch the fireworks phaùo coái n. big firecracker phaùo ñaøi n. fort, fortress, stronghold, bulwark: phaùo ñaøi bay rocket fortress phaùo ñoäi n. battery; squad phaùo haïm n. gunboat phaùo thuû n. artillery man phaùp n. (= pheùp) rule, law: hôïp phaùp legal; baát hôïp phaùp illegal, unlawful; coâng phaùp public law; cuù phaùp syntax; hình phaùp criminal law; hieán phaùp constitution; laäp phaùp legislative; phaïm phaùp to break the law; phi phaùp illegal, unlawful; haønh phaùp executive; tö phaùp judiciary Phaùp n. France: ngöôøi/tieáng Phaùp French phaùp cheá n. legislation, legal system phaùp danh n. religious name of a Buddhist phaùp ñình n. court, tribunal: toái cao phaùp ñình the Supreme Court phaùp ñònh v., adj. to go by the law; legal: cô quan phaùp ñònh a legal organization phaùp leänh n. law and order phaùp luaät n. laws, the law phaùp lyù n. law, legal Phaùp ngöõ n. French [spoken language] phaùp nhaân n. juror Phaùp quoác n. France Phaùp tòch n. French citizenship, French nationality phaùp tröôøng n. execution ground Phaùp vaên n. French [written language] phaùp vieän n. court, tribunal: toái cao phaùp vieän the Supreme Court Phaùp Vieät n. Franco-Vietnamese phaùt 1 v. to distribute; to emit, to utter: phaùt baøi hoïc cho hoïc sinh to distribute lessons to students; phaùt khoùi to emit smoke 2 v. to start, to break out; to become: phaùt caùu to become angry; phaùt ñieân to get mad 3 n. shot, injection: moät phaùt suùng a gunshot; moät phaùt tieâm an injection, a shot 4 v. to slap, to spank: phaùt vaøo moâng ai to spank someone’s bottom 5 v. to cut/trim, to scythe phaùt aâm n. to pronounce: phaùt aâm tieáng Vieät to pronounce Vietnamese; ñieåm phaùt aâm point of articulation phaùt aâm hoïc n. articulatory phonetics phaùt bieåu v. to express opinions; to make a speech phaùt caùu v. to get angry 187 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH phaùt chaån phaùt phaùt phaùt phaùt chaån v. to give alms duïc v. to grow, to develop ñaït v. to prosper, to thrive ñieän v. to generate electricity: maùy phaùt ñieän generator phaúng laëng adj. calm, quiet, peaceful phaúng lì adj. very smooth, even, flat phaúng phiu adj. even, level, smooth phaét v., adv. to act right away; at once, immediately: ñöùng phaét daäy to stand up immediately phaùt ñoäng v. to begin a movement; to mobilize phaåm n. dye; ink phaùt giaùc v. to reveal, to disclose, to uncover phaåm bình v. to criticize; to comment phaåm caùch n. human dignity: giöõ gìn phaåm [a plot, secret] phaùt haønh v. to publish, to issue, to distribute: caùch to preserve one’s dignity phaùt haønh saùch to distribute books; nhaø phaùt phaåm chaát n. quality: baûo ñaûm phaát chaát toát haønh distributor phaùt phaùt phaùt phaùt phaùt phaùt a good quality insurance hieän v. to discover; to excavate hoaû v. to catch fire; to open fire huy v. to develop; to manifest khieáp adj. terrified maïi v. to put up for sale minh v., n. to discover, to invent; phaåm giaù n. dignity phaåm haøm n. grade, rank phaåm haïnh n. good behavior phaåm loaïi n. class, kind, type phaåm phuïc n. mandarin’s costume phaåm vaät n. articles, items, things phaân 1 n. a hundredth; centimeter, centigram, invention phaùt ngoân nhaân n. (= phaùt ngoân vieân) spokesman: phaùt ngoân vieân boä ngoaïi giao a spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs phaùt nguyeân v. [of river] to rise; to originate phaùt nguyeän v. to make a vow phaùt phì v. to get fat phaùt sinh v. to produce, to create; to be born phaùt taøi v. to get rich, to become wealthy, to prosper phaùt thanh v. to broadcast: ñaøi phaùt thanh broadcasting station; maùy phaùt thanh radio transmitter phaùt theä v. to swear, to vow phaùt tích v. to originate, to rise up phaùt tieát v. to come out, to appear phaùt trieån v. to develop, to expand phaùt xít n., adj. [Fr. fasciste] fascism; fascist phaùt xuaát v. to originate, to spring, to start phaït 1 v. to cut down, to prune: phaït caønh caây to cut down the branches of a felled tree 2 v. to punish; to penalize, to fine: tieàn phaït fine; noäp phaït to pay the fine; tröøng phaït to punish; bieân phaït to give a ticket to; hình phaït punishment phaït goùc v. to be penalized with a corner-kick phaït vaï v. to punish by a fine phau adj. very white, spotless: traéng phau white as snow phaéc tuya n. [Fr. facture] invoice, bill phaêng adj. straight away, immediately phaêng phaéc adj. completely silent phaúng adj. level, even; smooth, calm, quiet: hình hoïc phaúng plane geometry; maët phaúng plane; soøng phaúng square, honest [in transactions] percent [of interest]: laõi naêm phaân five percent interest; baùch phaân percentage; thaäp phaân decimal 2 n. excrement, dung, night soil, manure: phaân boùn fertilizer; boùn phaân to use fertilizer on soil 3 v. (= chia) to divide: phaân khuùc vaõi naày thaønh ba phaàn to divide this fabric into three parts phaân ban n. sub-committee; section, subdepartment phaân baøy v. to explain phaân bì v. to compare enviously phaân bieät v. to distinguish, to discriminate phaân boá v. to distribute, to dispose phaân bua v. to justify oneself, to excuse oneself phaân caùch v. to separate phaân caáp v. to decentralize, to delegate powers to lower levels phaân chia v. to divide up: phaân chia taøi saõn to divide up one’s property phaân coâng v. to divide up the work, to assign work: phaân coâng cho nhaân vieân to assign work for employees phaân cuïc n. sub-branch office, sub-department phaân cöïc v. to polarize phaân ñònh v. to classify phaân giaûi v. to mediate; to explain, to solve, to consolidate: phaân giaûi söï baát ñoàng giöõa hai ngöôøi to mediate between two persons in conflict phaân giôùi v., n. to demarcate; demarcation phaân haïng v. to classify phaân hoaù v. to split phaân hoäi n. association branch phaân khoa n. faculty, college, school [within 188 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH pheøng la a university]: phaân khoa giaùo duïc school of education phaân loaïi v. to classify phaân ly adj., v. separated; to part phaân minh adj. clear, clear-cut, concise phaân nhieäm v. to divide responsibilities phaân nöûa num. half phaân phaùt v. to distribute: phaân phaùt thöïc phaåm cho ngöôøi ngheøo to distribute food to poor people phaân phoái v. to distribute, to allocate phaân quyeàn v. to decentralize phaân soá n. fraction, rate [of interest, etc.] phaân suaát n. percentage [of moisture, commission]; amount, percent, rate [of interest] phaân taùch v. to analyze phaân taùn v. to scatter, to disperse phaân taâm adj. undecided phaân tích v. to analyze phaân tranh v. to be in conflict, to clash, to quarrel phaân traàn v. to explain one’s intentions phaân töû n. molecule phaân öu v. to share sorrow, to convey one’s sympathy [to a bereaved person] phaân vaân v., adj. to be undecided; perplexed phaân xöû v. to arbitrate, to settle phaân xöôûng n. workshop phaán 1 n. powder [for face, body]: ñaùnh phaán to powder one’s face; traùt phaán to use too much make up; ñaùnh son phaán to make up 2 n. pollen: phaán ngoâ maize pollen 3 n. chalk: moät cuïc phaán a piece of chalk phaán ñaáu v. to struggle with enthusiasm, to strive phaán hoa n. pollen: dò öùng phaán hoa pollen allergy phaán khôûi v. to be encouraged; to feel enthusiastic phaán saùp n., v. cosmetics; to make up phaán son n. powder and lipstick, cosmetics: cöûa haøng phaán son cosmetics department phaàn n. part, portion, share: chia laøm nieàu phaàn to divide into many parts; coå phaàn share, stock phaàn ñoâng adv. most, the majority of Phaàn Lan n. Finland, Finnish phaàn me meààm cho choááng ng vi-ru vi-ruùùt n. anti-virus software phaàn moä n. tomb, grave phaàn nhieàu adv., adj. most, the majority of, mostly, generally phaàn thöôûng n. prize, award: leã phaùt phaàn thöôûng prize/award ceremony phaàn traêm n. percentage, commission phaàn töû n. element phaån n. excrement, feces phaån chí v. to be bitterly disappointed phaãn noä v. to be angry, to be furious phaãn uaát v. to be angry at an injustice phaän n. condition, status, fate, lot, plight (= phaàn); soá phaän fate, destiny; an phaän to be content with one’s lot; danh phaän fame, renown; duyeân phaän fate in marriage phaän söï n. duty, function: thi haønh phaän söï to carry out one’s duty phaän vò n. position, status phaáp phoûng v. to be flustered, to be restless because of worry phaáp phôùi v. [of flags côø, banner bieåu ngöõ, sails buoàm] to flutter, to wave phaäp phoàng v. to be worried; to throb phaát 1 v. to wave; to brush away: phaát côø to wave flags 2 v. to prosper in business, to become rich phaát phô v. to wander, to loiter about; to waver phaát traàn n. feather duster Phaät n. Buddha: Phaät töû Buddhist; ñaïo Phaät Buddhism; nieäm Phaät to pray to Buddha; Phaät ñaûn Buddha’s birthday Phaät giaùo n. Buddhism Phaät hoïc n. studies in Buddhism Phaët laêng n. [F. franc] French franc Phaät toå n. Buddha Phaät töû n. Buddhist phaãu thuaät n. surgery: giaûi phaãu to have an operation phaåy 1 v. to brush lightly with one’s finger; to fan off gently 2 n. comma: daáu phaåy comma phe n. faction, side, sect: veà phe vôùi ai to take sides with someone; phe caùnh faction; phe ñaûng partisan phe phaåy v. to wave [fan, etc.] lightly pheø v., adv. to be satiated; excessively: chaùn pheø to be excessively dull pheø phôõn v. to be satiated, to over-indulge phen n. time, turn, chance, occasion: ñoâi phen sometimes, now and then; nhieàu phen/laém phen many times pheøn chua n. alum pheøn ñen n. iron sulfate pheøn pheït adj. flat and round [of face] pheøn xanh n. copper sulfate pheøng la n. gong 189 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH pheùp nghò AÙ Phi the Afro-Asian Conference 3 v. to pheùp n. [SV phaùp] rule, custom, usage, method; permission, authorization; magical power: leã pheùp politeness; xin pheùp to ask permission; cho pheùp to permit, to allow; ñöôïc pheùp to have permission; giaáy pheùp permit pheùp chia n. division pheùp coäng n. addition pheùp cöôùi n. civil marriage pheùp laï n. miracle pheùp maàu n. miracle pheùp nhaø n. family’s rule of conduct pheùp nhaân n. multiplication pheùp röûa toäi n. Christening pheùp taéc n. rules, regulations; politeness, courtesy pheùp tröø n. subtraction pheùt v. to boast, to brag: noùi pheùt to tell tall tales, to tell a lie pheùt laùc v. to boast, to brag pheâ v. to initial, to sign [to express, either approval or disapproval], to pass on, to mark [student papers]; to criticize, to comment pheâ bình v. to criticize, to review: nhaø pheâ bình vaên hoïc literature critic pheâ chuaån v. to approve, to ratify, to accept [treaty]: pheâ chuaån döï aùn to approve a project pheá v. to abandon; to remove from office: truaát pheá to remove from a position, to dethrone pheá binh n. war invalid pheá boû v. to abolish, to nullify pheá ñeá n. dethroned emperor pheá höng n. decadence and prosperity pheá nang n. alveolus pheá nhaân n. invalid; disabled person pheá phaåm n. substandard products, secondhand products pheä adj. fat, obese, pot-bellied pheách adj. very white, bleached pheân n. bamboo wattle, bamboo lattice used as a partition pheành v. to swell up, to be distended pheành buïng adj. full [from eating] or big with child pheát 1 n. comma: daáu pheát comma [,] 2 v. to spread: pheát hoà to spread glue pheät v., adj. sitting on the ground; plump pheãu n. funnel: roùt daàu vaøo chai baèng pheåu to use a funnel to pour oil into bottles phi 1 v. to fry [onions], to brown: phi haønh to fry onions 2 n. Africa: chaâu Phi/Phi chaâu Africa; Phi Luaät Taân the Philippines; Baéc Phi North Africa; Nam Phi South Africa; Hoäi fly (= bay); to gallop 4 n. imperial concubine phi caûng n. airport: phi caûng Taân Sôn Nhaát Tan Son Nhat Airport Phi chaâu n. Africa phi chieán adj. demilitarized: vuøng phi chieán demilitarized zone phi coâng n. pilot phi cô n. airplane: thuyû phi cô seaplane; phi cô oanh taïc bomber phi ñaïn n. missile, rocket phi ñoäi n. squadron, flight, crew phi haønh n. flight, navigation phi lao n. sea pine phi loä n. foreword Phi Luaät Taân n. the Philippines: ngöôøi Phi Luaät Taân Filipino phi lyù adj. illogical phi nghóa adj. dishonest, disloyal; ill-gotten, ill-acquired phi phi phi phi phi phi phí phaøm adj. uncommon, unusual phaùp adj. illegal, unlawful tang v. to destroy the evidence taàn n. imperial concubines thöôøng adj. unusual tröôøng n. airport v. to waste, to squander [money tieàn, time thì giôø, efforts coâng]: hoang phí to squander; phung phí to waste phí phaïm v. to be extravagant, to waste phí toån n. cost, expense, expenditure: phí toån aên ôû accommodation expenditure phì 1 adj. fat (= beùo): phaùt phì to become fat 2 v. to puff, to go forth: phì cöôøi to burst out laughing phì nhieâu adj. [of land] fertile, rich: ruoäng phì nhieâu fertile fields phì noän adj. corpulent, fat phì phaø phì pheøo v. See phì pheøo phì pheøo v. to huff and puff phì phò adj. chubby, fat phæ 1 v. to slander, to defame: phæ nhoå to insult 2 adj. satisfied; content: phæ daï, phæ loøng to satisfy oneself 3 n. bandit: thoå phæ local bandits phæ baùng v. to slander, to defame phæ daï v. to satisfy oneself phæ nguyeàn v. to fulfill one’s wishes phæ nhoå v. to spit at phæ söùc v. to come to one’s full strength/ capacity phò adj. [of face, cheeks] chubby, bloated 190 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH phong ñoä phía n. direction, cardinal point, side: boán phía, töù phía all directions phích n. [Fr. filtre] thermos bottle phòch adv. thud phieám adj. [of talk] idle, aimless: chuyeän phieám gossips phieám luaän v. to expatiate in a humorous way phieám thaàn n. pantheist phieân n. turn, time; session: phieân hoïp meet- ing; thay phieân nhau, luaân phieân to take turns, to rotate phieân aâm v. to transcribe phonetically: daáu/ kyù hieäu phieân aâm phonetic symbol phieân chôï n. market day phieân dòch v. to translate phieân dòch vieân n. translator phieân phieán adj. careless, not too particular, cursory phieán n. slab, block, sheet: phieán ñaù a slab of stone phieán dieän adj. unilateral, one-sided phieán ñoäng v. to stir to violence; to rebel, to revolt phieán loaïn v. to rebel, to revolt phieán quaân n. rebels phieàn v. to bother, to annoy, to disturb, to trouble; to be sad, to be worried phieàn haø v., n. to bother, to disturb; trouble: traùnh phieàn haø to avoid troubles phieàn muoän v. to be sad, to be grieved phieàn naõo v. to be grieved, to be afflicted phieàn nhieãu v. to annoy, to bother phieàn phöùc adj. complicated, difficult, troublesome phieàn toaùi adj. complicated, troublesome phieâu v. to drift, to float phieâu baït v. to drift away, to wander, to live a vagabond life: cuoäc ñôøi phieâu baït a wandering life phieâu löu v. to wander, to venture phieáu 1 n. ballot, vote: ñi boû phieáu to go to the polls; thuøng phieáu ballot-box 2 n. ticket, banknote, note, card, pass, voucher, order, coupon: böu phieáu money order; phieáu aên tröa a lunch voucher phim n. [Fr. film] film, movie: quay phim to make a film; maùy quay phim a movie camera; moät cuoän phim a roll of film [for camera]; chieáu phim to show a movie phim caâm n. silent movies phim chính n. main feature phim maøu n. color films or movies phim noùi n. talking movies phim noåi n. 3-D movies phim taøi lieäu n. documentary film phim thôøi söï n. newsreel phím n. fret, key [on banjo, guitar, etc.] phin n. coffee filter phinh phính adj. See phính phính adj. chubby, plump, fat [of cheeks]: maù phính fat cheeks phình v. to swell phænh v. to coax; to cheat: phænh ai laøm vieäc gì to coax someone to do something phænh phôø v. to coax pho n. set, unit, volumes [book]: moät pho saùch a set of books; moät pho töôïng a statue pho maùt n. cheese phoù 1 n. assistant, vice, deputy, second: phoù giaùm ñoác deputy director; phoù toáng thoáng vice-president 2 v. to entrust phoù baûn n. duplicate copy phoù baûng n. doctor’s degree at second grade [a pass grade] phoù phoù phoù phoù chuû tòch n. vice-chairman, vice-president ñoâ ñoác n. vice-admiral giaùm ñoác n. assistant director hoäi tröôûng n. vice-president of society/ association phoù phoù phoù phoù laõnh söï n. vice-consul maùt n. [Fr. fromage] cheese thaùc v. to entrust maëc v. to entrust completely, to leave someone alone phoù thuû töôùng n. Deputy Prime Minister phoù tieán só n. Master degree [of Arts, Sciences] phoø v. to escort, to assist, to support; to serve [king] phoø taù v. to support, to aid phong 1 v. to bestow, to confer a title; to appoint 2 n. leprosy: beänh phong leprosy 3 n. wind (= gioù): cuoàng phong furious wind/ gale phong ba n. storm, vicissitudes phong bì n. envelope: phong bì côõ nhoû a small-size envelope phong caùch n. style; gait: phong caùch dieãn ñaït a style of expression phong caûnh n. landscape, scenery phong caàm n. organ [musical instrument] phong dao n. folk song phong ñoä n. behavior, manners, attitude: giöõ phong ñoä moät ngöôøi trí thöùc to preserve the manners of an intellectual 191 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH phong hoaù phong hoaù n. customs and morals phong kieán adj. feudal: cheá ñoä phong kieán feudalism phong lan n. orchid phong löu adj. well-off financially; wellmannered phong nhaõ adj. refined, distinguished, elegant phong phanh adj. dressed scantily [clearly not enough] phong phuù adj. rich, abundant phong quang adj. spacious, clean phong söông adj. experienced hardship: cuoäc ñôøi phong söông an experienced and hard life phong thaáp n. rheumatism phong thoå n. climate: quen thuoäc thuoäc phong thoå to be familiar with the climate phong phong phong phong phong phong phong phoùng thuyû n. feng shui tình adj. amorous; [of disease] venereal toaû v. to block, to sanction traøo n. movement [literary or social] traàn n. adversity, hardship tuïc n. customs vuõ bieån n. barometer 1 v. to let go, to let out, to enlarge [picture, photo], to blow up, to free: phoùng chim to free birds; phoùng hình to enlarge photos 2 v. to throw, to launch [javelin lao; missile, rocket hoaû tieãn; satellite veä tinh]: phoùng hoaû tieãn to launch a missile phoùng ñaïi v. to enlarge; to exaggerate phoùng ñaõng v., adj. to have loose morals, dissolute phoùng hoaû v. to set fire phoùng khoaùng adj. liberal phoùng phaùo n. to drop or release bombs: phi cô phoùng phaùo bomber phoùng sinh v. to set free animals; to abandon phoùng söï n. news report phoùng thanh v. to broadcast by loud-speaker phoùng thích v. to release, to free: phoùng thích tuø nhaân to release prisoners phoùng tuùng adj. free, loose: soáng cuoäc ñôøi phoùng tuùng to live a free life phoùng ueá v. to defecate phoùng vieân n. newsman, correspondent, reporter phoùng xaï adj. radio-active; buïi phoùng xaï radio-active dust phoøng 1 n. room, chamber; office, hall (= buoàng); thö phoøng study room; vaên phoøng du lòch tourism office; phoøng trieån laõm exhibition hall 2 v. to ward off, to guard against, to prevent: Phoøng beänh hôn chöõa beänh. Prevention is better than cure. phoøng aên n. dining room phoøng bò v. to prevent, to guard against, be vigilant phoøng chöôûng kheá n. notary’s office phoøng ñoïc saùch n. reading room phoøng giaáy n. office phoøng hoaû n. fire prevention phoøng hoïc n. classroom, study room phoøng khaùch n. living room phoøng nguû n. bedroom phoøng ngöï v. to defend phoøng ngöøa v. to prevent phoøng taù taùn chuyeä chuyeän/gaå n/gaåu n. chat room phoøng taém n. bathroom, shower room phoøng thaân v. to defend oneself, to protect oneself phoøng thí nghieäm n. laboratory phoøng thuû v. to defend: phoøng thuû chung collective defense; phoøng thuû thuï ñoäng civil defense, passive defense; hieäp öôùc phoøng thuû defense treaty phoøng thöông maïi n. chamber of commerce phoøng traø n. tea room; club phoøng tuyeán n. defense line phoøng veä v. to defend, to guard phoøng xa adj., v. farsighted; to prepare for all contingencies phoûng 1 v. to estimate, to be about, to be approximate: phoûng chöøng bao nhieâu to estimate the cost/quantity 2 adj. to be swollen; to be burned 3 v. to imitate, to follow, to copy, to adapt phoûng dòch v. to translate roughly phoûng ñoaùn v. to guess, to conjecture phoûng vaán v. to interview: phoûng vaán ai to interview someone phoït v. to spurt out, to gush out, to squirt phoâ v. to display, to show off phoâ baày v. to display, to show off phoâ tröông v. to display, to show off phoá n. street; house, apartment; ñöôøng phoá the streets; ra phoá to go out, to go downtown phoá phöôøng n. streets and districts [where members of the same guild used to live together], shopping center phoá xaù n. shopping center phoå v. to re-write: phoå nhaïc moät baøi thô to set/re-write a poem to music phoå bieán v. to popularize, to publicize phoå caäp v. to popularize, to universalize, to 192 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH phuï make compulsory for everyone: phoå caäp giaùo duïc to make education compulsory for everyone phoå thoâng adj. common, popular, general, universal: phoå thoâng ñaàu phieáu general election; giaùo duïc phoå thoâng general education phoâi n. embryo phoâi pha v. to fade, to lose freshness phoâi thai adj. embryonic, budding phoái caûnh n. perspective: pheùp phoái caûnh ñöôøng thaúng linear perspective; veõ theo caùch phoái caûnh to draw in perspective phoái hôïp v. to combine; to co-ordinate phoái trí v. to co-ordinate, to organize phoåi n. [SV pheá] lung: cuoáng phoåi bronchus; nang phoåi alveolus; maøng phoåi pleura phoàn hoa adj. bustling, lively phoàn thònh adj. prosperous phoâng n. [Fr. fond] background, setting [on the stage]; scenery, scene phoàng v. to swell up, to puff up phoãng 1 n. idol, statue, statuette, figurine 2 v. to swipe, to take over [slang] phoáp phaùp adj. plump, burly phoát n. [Fr. faute] mistake phoát phaùt n. [Fr. phosphate] phosphate phoát pho n. [Fr. phosphore] phosphorus phô adj. [of hair] to be hoary, snow white phôø adj. very tired, worn out, exhausted phôû n. noodle soup served with beef, chicken, etc. phôi v. to dry in the sun or wind, to expose to the sun: phôi quaán aùo to dry clothes in the sun phôi baøy v. to expose, to display phôi phôùi adj. slightly excited phôn phôùt adj. [of color] very light, pale phôùt 1 n. [Fr. feuture] felt: muõ phôùt a felt hat 2 v. to touch or stroke lightly phu n. coolies, laborer: phu moû miner; phu khuaân vaùc porter, dockworker; noâng phu farmer; vò hoân phu fiance; tieàu phu woodman, woodcutter; só phu scholar phu nhaân n. husband (= choàng) phu phen n. coolies, workers phu theâ n. wife and husband, couple phuù 1 v. to endow 2 n. poetic essay [with alliteration, assonance, symmetry, etc.] 3 adj. rich, wealthy (= giaøu): trieäu phuù millionaire; troïc phuù rich but lonely; truø phuù prosperous and powerful phuù haøo n. bourgeois phuù noâng n. rich peasant phuù quí n. wealth and honors, riches and honors Phuù Só n. Mount Fuji [in Japan] phuø 1 v. to blow hard, to puff: thoåi phuø to blow hard 2 v. to be swollen, to swell like oedema: phuø thuõng to have beri-beri; beänh phuø beri- beri 3 n. written charm (= buøa) phuø daâu n. maid of honor, bridesmaid phuø du adj. ephemeral, fleeting: moät cuoäc ñôøi phuø du an ephemeral life phuø phuø phuø phuø phuø dung n. hibiscus hieäu n. insignia, badge hoa adj. short-lived, transitory, gaudy hoä v. [of spirits] to protect, to assist hôïp v. to be in keeping [vôùi with], to suit, to match with phuø pheùp n. magic, incantation phuø phieám adj. excessive, useless, impractical, vain phuø reå n. best man [in wedding] phuø sa n. alluvium, silt phuø sinh n. short life phuø taù v. to second, to aid, to support Phuø Tang n. Japan phuø thuyû n. sorcerer; witch phuø traàm v., n. to float and to sink; ups and downs of life phuø trì v. to guard, to protect phuø vaân n., adj. drifting cloud; vain, ephemeral phuû 1 n. mansion, palace; office: phuû Toång Thoång the presidential palace 2 v. to cover, to wrap up: bao phuû to cover, to wrap up; che phuû to cover phuû duï v. to comfort [people], to placate: phuû duï daân chuùng to placate people phuû ñaàu v. to be premonitory, to scold at the beginning [in order to show one’s authority] phuû ñònh v. to deny, to be negative phuû nhaän v. to deny phuû phuïc v. to prostrate oneself, to kowtow very low phuû quyeát v. to veto: quyeàn phuû quyeát to veto power phuõ adj. brutish, rough, coarse phuõ phaøng adj. cruel, ruthless, harsh: söï thaät phuõ phaøng a harsh reality phuï 1 v., adj. to help, to assist; minor, second- 193 ary [as opp. to principal chính]; to be attached, to form an adjunct phuï thuoäc [vaøo to]: vai phuï minor part, minor role; baûn phuï copy; phuï beáp assistant cook 2 v. to show no gratitude to, to turn one’s back on; to be ungrate- VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH phuï aâm ful; to break faith: phuï baïc disloyal; phuï lôøi höùa to break one’s promise 3 n. father (= cha): thaân phuï, phuï thaân father; quoác phuï father of one’s nation; nhaïc phuï father-inlaw 4 n. wife (= vôï); lady, woman: quaû phuï widow; thieáu phuï young lady; chinh phuï warrior’s wife; trinh phuï faithful wife phuï aâm n. consonant sound [opp. nguyeân aâm] phuï baïc v. to be ungrateful phuï caän adj. neighboring, adjacent phuï caáp n. allowance, subsidy: phuï caáp gia ñình family allowance; phuï caáp ly höông expatriation allowance phuï chính n. regent phuï chuù n. footnote, annotation phuï ñaïo v. to give extra-class help, to do tutoring phuï giaùo n. assistant [in university], instructor phuï heä n. paternal line of descent phuï hoaï v. to echo, to repeat [someone’s opinion], to chime in phuï huynh n. parents: Hoäi phuï huynh hoïc sinh Parents’ Association phuï khaûo n. assistant lecturer, tutor [in university] phuï khoa n. gynecology phuï khuyeát adj. alternate, complementary phuï luïc n. appendix [in a book] phuï löïc v. to assist phuï maãu n. parents phuï nöõ n. woman, women: giôùi phuï nöõ women; Hoäi phuï nöõ quoác teá International Women’s Association phuï taù n. assistant; assistance, aid: oâng phuï taù boä tröôûng quoác phoøng the Assistant Secretary of State for National Defense phuï thaân n. father phuï thu n. additional levy: thueá phuï thu levied tax phuï thuoäc v., adj. to be dependent, secondary, auxiliary, adjunct phuï traùch v. to be in charge of phuï tröông n. supplement [to a newspaper] phuï tuøng n. accessories [with a machine] phuï töø n. adverb phuï öôùc v. to break an agreement phuùc n. (= phöôùc) good luck, good fortune, happiness: coù phuùc to have good fortune; laøm phuùc to be benevolent, to give alms phuùc AÂm n. gospel phuùc ñaùp v. to reply, to answer, to respond: phuùc ñaùp thö tín to reply to letters phuùc ñöùc n., adj. good luck, good fortune, good deeds; kind-hearted phuùc haäu adj. kind, benevolent, virtuous phuùc lôïi n. welfare: höôûng phuùc lôïi xaõ hoäi to receive social welfare phuùc trình v., n. to report; report: vieát phuùc trình to write a report phuïc 1 v. to admire: kính phuïc to respect; phuïc taøi cuûa baø aáy to admire her talent 2 v. to be accustomed to, to bear, to adapt [climate, etc.]: khoâng/baát phuïc thuyû thoå to be unable to adapt oneself to the climate phuïc binh v. to lie in ambush, to ambush phuïc chöùc v. to reinstate a position phuïc dòch v. to serve; to do hard work for phuïc hoài v. to restore phuïc höng v. to flourish again, to be revived; to restore, to rehabilitate phuïc kích n. to ambush phuïc nguyeân v. to return to health, to rehabilitate phuïc phòch adj. fat and clumsy phuïc quoác v. to restore national sovereignty, to regain national independence phuïc sinh v. to be born again, to be reborn: Leã Phuïc Sinh Easter holidays phuïc söùc n. clothing, dressing phuïc thieän v. to yield to reason, to correct oneself phuïc thuø v. to avenge, to revenge: phuïc thuø cho ai to avenge someone phuïc toøng v. to submit oneself to, to yield to, to obey, to comply with phuïc tuøng v. See phuïc toøng phuïc vò v. to prostrate oneself phuïc vieân v. to demobilize phuïc vuï v. to serve: phuïc vuï khaùch haøng to serve customers phuûi v. to dust, to brush off phun v. to eject, to spit, to belch, to spout; [of volcano] to erupt; to blow, to spray: phun thuoác tröø saâu to spray insecticide phuøn adj. misty, drizzling: möa phuøn drizzle phung phí v. to waste, to squander: phung phí thì giôø to waste time phuùng v. to offer [wreath, ritual objects] to a deceased person phuøng v. to swell, to bloat: phuøng maù to swell one’s cheeks phuïng v. R to receive [from a superior]; to serve, to obey, to honor; thôø phuïng to worship 194 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH quaù phuïng döôõng v. to support [elders] with respect, to take care of parents phuïng phòu v. to sulk, to look unhappy phuïng söï v. to serve: phuïng söï quoác gia to serve one’s nation phuïng thôø v. to worship: phuïng thôø toå tieân to worship ancestors phuùt n. minute, instant, moment: giôø phuùt naøy at this moment; kim chæ phuùt minute hand phuùt choác n. a jiffy, a very short moment phuùt ñaâu adv. suddenly, all of a sudden phuït 1 v. to eject, to gush out, to jet 2 adv. suddenly phöùa adv. sloppily, senselessly, indiscriminately, without consulting anybody [follows main verb]: caõi phöùa to argue senselessly phöùc adj. complex, complicated phöùc soá n. improper fraction, compound number phöùc taïp adj. complicated, complex phöôùc adj. See phuùc phöôùn n. banner, streamer phöôõn v. to poke [one’s belly buïng] out phöông n. direction; side: phöông höôùng direction; phöông baéc the north direction; boán phöông the four directions; ñòa phöông area, local; Ñoâng phöông the East; Taây phöông the West; ñoái phöông the opposite side, the enemy; song phöông bilateral phöông caùch n. means, method phöông chaâm n. precept, formula, motto phöông danh n. famous name phöông dieän n. aspect, respect, viewpoint phöông haïi v. to be harmful to, to prejudice phöông höôùng n. direction, cardinal point, orientation phöông keá n. expedient, scheme, method phöông ngoân n. proverb, saying phöông phaùp n. method, way: choïn phöông phaùp môùi thích hôïp maø hoïc tieáng Anh to choose a new appropriate method to learn English phöông phaùp hoïc n. methodology phöông saùch n. process, ways, method [of working] phöông thöùc n. manner, determinant [math] phöông tieän n. means, ways, method [opp. cöùu caùnh purpose]: phöông tieän giao thoâng means of transport phöông trình n. equation [math] phöôøng n. guild; a quarter of a town, district; phoá phöôøng shopping streets phöôøng chaøi n. fishermen [collectively] phöôøng phöôøng phöôøng phöôøng phöôïng cheøo n. comedians, actors keøn n. band, orchestra, musicians nhaïc n. band, orchestra, musicians tuoàng n. opera singers 1 n. (= phuïng) phoenix: phöôïng hoaøng phoenixes 2 n. flamboyant, royal ponciana phöôïu v. to tell tall tales; [of talk, story] to fabricate phöùt 1 v. to pluck off: phöùt loâng vòt to pluck off a duck’s feathers 2 adv. pat, to act definitively, without hesitation: laøm phöùt cho roài to do something without hesitation phöït adj. resembling the noise of string or rope that snaps pi n. [math] pi pin n. [Fr. pile] battery: ñeøn pin flashlight pi-ni-xi-lin n. penicillin píp n. [Fr. pipe] pipe [using tobacco] pi-ra-ma n. [Fr. pyjama] pajamas: moät boä pira-ma a pair of pajamas poâ-maùt n. ointment poâ n. shot Q qua 1 v. to pass, to go across, to go through, to go or come over, to cross: traûi qua nhieàu kinh nghieäm to go through many experiences; ñi qua ñöôøng to go across the road 2 adv. past, across, through, under, over: vöôït qua to take over 3 adv. sketchily, incompletely, not thoroughly, carelessly: noùi qua to speak briefly; ñoïc qua laù thö to read hastily thorough this letter 4 v. to stop over: qua thaêm thuû ñoâ to stop over in the capital 5 adj. last: ñeâm qua last night; hoâm qua yesterday; naêm qua last year qua chuyeän adv. perfunctorily: noùi cho qua chuyeän to say something perfunctorily qua ñôøi v. to pass away qua ngaøy v. to kill time qua khoûi v. to escape [death]; to recover qua laïi 1 v. to come and go 2 adj. reciprocal, mutual: aûnh höôûng qua laïi mutual influence qua loa adv. negligently, incompletely: laøm vieäc qua loa to work negligently/sloppily qua quít adv. perfunctorily quaù v., adv. to go beyond; beyond, to exceed; over, past, too, very: quaù heïn past the deadline; baát quaù simply, not more; quaù baùt tuaàn over eighty; khoù quaù too difficult 195 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH quaù baùn quaù baùn adj. more than half; absolute majority quaù boä v. to take some extra steps; to condescend [to come to my house] quaù caûnh v. to transit quaù cheùn v. to drink too much quaù chöøng adv. excessively, extremely: ñeïp quaù chöøng extremely beautiful quaù coá adj., v., dead, passed away; dead [polite term] caät n. kidney caàu n. shuttle cock ñaám n. fist, punch ñaát n. the earth, globe nhaân n. I, we [used by monarchs] nhieân adv. sure enough, true enough, indeed, as expected quaû phuï n. widow quaû quyeát v., adj. to be determined, determined quaù ñaùng adj. excessive, exaggerated quaù ñoä adv. excessively: laøm vieäc quaù ñoä to quaû taï n. dumbbell; weight quaû tang adj. redhanded: bò baét quaû tang to work excessively be caught redhanded, to be caught in the act quaù giang v. to cross a river; to get a ride, to quaû thaät adv. (= quaû thöïc) honestly, truly quaû tình adv. truly, really quaï n. [SV oâ] raven, crow quaùch 1 n. outside wall [of site, used with give a lift quaù quaù quaù quaù quaû quaû quaû quaû quaû quaû haïn adj. overdue; expired khích adj. extremist khöù n. the past lôøi adj. excessive, superlative: khen quaù thaønh], outside covering [of coffin, used with quan] 2 adv. to have an alternative; com- lôøi superlative praise pletely, straight away [follow main verb or end sentence]: laøm quaùch vieäc naày cho roài to do quaét adj. exaggerated, excessive söùc adv. beyond one’s strength, extremely this job straight away taûi adj. overloaded quai n. handle, bail, [of basket] strap: quai noùn tay adv. over the limit [in beating somea hat strap body, adding spices etc.], excessively quai bò n. mumps: leân quai bò to have the quaù theå adv. too, extremely mumps quaù trình n. process quai haøm n. jaw bone quaù trôùn adv. over the limit, excessively quaùi 1 adj. odd, queer, strange: kyø quaùi quaù ö adv. too, extremely: quaù ö toài teä too bad strange, monstrous; Quaùi laï!, Quaùi nhæ! How quaø n. snacks; present, gift [with laøm to make]: strange! 2 adv. nothing at all: chaúng hieåu quaù quaù quaù quaù taëng quaø cho ai to give a present to someone; quaùi gì to understand nothing at all aên quaø to eat between meals, to have snacks quaùi aùc adj. abominable, mischievous quaø baùnh n. cakes; gifts, presents quaùi dò adj. strange, very odd: hình aûnh quaùi quaø bieáu n. present, gift: mua quaø bieáu ngaøy dò a very strange picture sinh nhaät cho ai to buy presents for someone’s quaùi ñaûn adj. fantastic, incredible quaùi gôû adj. strange, fantastic; bad [of omen], birthday quaø quaø quaø quaø quaø quaû caùp n. presents, gifts cöôùi n. wedding present Noâ-en n. Christmas present saùng n. breakfast Teát n. New Year’s present unusual quaùi laï adj. strange quaùi thai n. deformed or hideous infant, monster, monstrosity quaùi töôïng n. strange phenomenon 1 n. fruit; classifier noun for fruits, mounquaùi vaät n. monster tains, hills, balls, fists, organs of body etc.: aên quan 1 n. string of cash [coins with square hai quaû cam to eat two oranges; quaû tim heart; holes] 2 n. French franc (= Phaät laêng) quaû thaän kidney; quaû ñaát earth; quaû laéc pendulum 2 n. blow, kick, shot: ñaù moät quaû to kick a shot 3 n. betel box; lacquered box [to contain fruit preserves, betel] 4 adv. indeed, really quaû baùo n. consequences of one’s previous life, karma quaû caûm adj. courageous quaû caân n. weight [on scales] 3 n. mandarin, official, officer 4 n. sense: nguõ quan the five senses 5 n. coffin: aùo quan, quan taøi coffin; nhaäp quan to put into a coffin quan aûi n. frontier, pass Quan AÂm n. Goddess of Mercy [in Buddhism] quan baùo n. the Official Gazette quan caùch n. mandarin’s way, bureaucrat’s attitude 196 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH quaûng caùo quan cheá n. civil service system, mandarin system quan chöùc n. officials quan ñieåm n. viewpoint, view quan haø n. frontier post and river: cheùn quan haø farewell drink quan heä 1 n. relation, relationship: moái quan heä ngoaïi giao diplomatic relations 2 adj. important: vieäc quan heä an important matter quan khaùch n. guest, visitor: ñoùn tieáp quan khaùch to receive visitors quaûn ñoác n. manager, director quaûn gia n. steward [in household] quaûn lyù v., n. to manage; manager: quaûn lyù coâng trình project manager quaûn ngaïi v. to be concerned about difficulties, to be hesitant quaûn thuùc v. to put under surveillance, to put under house arrest quaûn trò v. to administer: quaûn trò Hôïp Taùc Quoác Teá to administer the International Co-operation; Hoäi ñoàng Quaûn trò board of quan laïi n. officials; officialdom trustees, board of directors; governing board quan lieâu adj. bureaucratic: cheá ñoä quan lieâu quaûn töôïng n. elephant keeper, mahout quang 1 n. rattan or bamboo frame [to hold bureaucracy loads at the ends of carrying pole] 2 adj. bright quan nieäm n., v. conception, concept; to view (= saùng), clear [of obstacles]: phaùt quang to quan saùt v. to observe, to watch quan saùt vieân n. observer: quan saùt vieân clear an area; trôøi quang (maây taïnh) a clear thöôøng tröïc permanent observers sky quan taøi n. coffin quang aâm n. time; light and shadow quan taâm v. to be concerned [ñeán/tôùi with] quang caûnh n. spectacle, situation, scene: quan thoaïi n. Mandarin Chinese [language] ñi thaêm quang caûnh ñeïp to visit a beautiful quan thueá n. duties, tariff; customs scene quan toaø n. judge, magistrate quang chaát n. radium quan troïng adj. important, vital: moät quyeát quang daàu n. varnish, shellac ñònh quan troïng an important decision quang ñaõng adj. [of weather] radiant, clear quan troïng hoaù v. to dramatize, to exaggerquang hoaù n. photochemistry ate the importance of: quan troïng hoaù vaán quang hoïc n. optics ñeà to exaggerate the importance of an issue quang keá n. photometer quan tröôøng n. officialdom quang kính n. spectroscope quan vieân n. official quang minh adj. bright, radiant, glorious; righteous, magnanimous quaùn 1 n. hut; inn, restaurant, store, office; quang phoå n. spectrum: quang phoå maët trôøi shelter, kiosk: töûu quaùn wine shop, bar, pub; solar spectrum aán quaùn printing shop; hoäi quaùn headquarters [of society]; löõ quaùn inn, hotel; baùo quaùn quang phoå kính n. spectroscope newspaper kiosk; söù quaùn embassy; thö quaùn quang phoå kyù n. spectrograph bookstore; phaïn quaùn restaurant; laõnh söï quang tuyeán n. rays; X-ray quaùn consulate 2 n. native place: sinh quaùn, quang vinh adj. glorious queâ quaùn native country quaùng adj. to be dazzled: muø quaùng blind quaùn quaân n. champion [sport] [with anger, passion] quaùn thoâng v. to understand totally, to penquaùng gaø n. night blindness, nyctalopic etrate quaøng 1 v. to wrap around one’s neck or shoulquaùn trieät v. to possess totally, to grasp thorder, to throw over: khaên quaøng scarf, shawl; oughly oâm quaøng to embrace 2 adj. wrong, negliquaùn xuyeán v. to know thoroughly; to be able gent: vô quaøng to seize/take indiscriminately quaøng quaïc v. [of duck] to quack; [of person] to take care of to quack, to talk pretentiously quaøn v. to leave a corpse in a temporary shelquaøng xieân adj. [of talk] foolish, rash, rude ter prior to burial: nhaø quaøn funeral director quaûn 1 v. to mind [difficulty, hardship] 2 n. quaûng baù baù v. to broadcast, to spread, to telecast quaûng caùo v., n. to propagandize, to advertise, tube, pipe, duct (= oáng): huyeát quaûn blood vessel; thanh quaûn larynx; khí quaûn trachea; to publicize; advertisement: haõng quaûng caùo thöïc quaûn esophagus 3 v. to manage, to conadvertising agency; ñaêng quaûng caùo treân baùo trol, to take care of, to administer to put an advertisement in the newspapers 197 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH Quaûng Chaâu Quaûng Chaâu n. Guangzhou [Canton] quaûng ñaïi adj. generous, magnanimous; wide: adj. to grill, to roast; roasted: chim quay roasted squibs; quay gaø to roast chicken; thòt quay roasted pork; vòt quay roasted duck quaûng ñaïi quaàn chuùng the masses Quaûng Ñoâng n. Kwanglung [a province of quay böôùc v. to turn on one’s heel China]: tieáng Quaûng Ñoâng Cantonese [a quay coùp v. to copy quay cuoàng v. to whirl, to be frantic Chinese dialect] quaûng giao v. to know a lot of people quay goùt v. to turn on one’s heel Quaûng Taây n. Guangxi [a province of China] quay phim v. to make a film, to film, to shoot a film quaûng tröôøng n. square: quaûng tröôøng Ba Ñình Haø Noäi the Hanoi Ba Dinh square quay quaét adj. deceitful, shrewd quaõng n. space, distance, space of time, inter- quay tít v. to spin very fast val: quaõng caùch distance quaûy v. to carry with a pole (= gaùnh): quaûy haøng ñi chôï baùn to carry goods to the market quanh adv., adj. to be around something; to be winding around; tortuous, twisting: chung/ on a shoulder pole xung quanh around; noùi quanh to talk quaéc adj. bright: saùng quaéc to shine brightly around; baøn quanh to discuss or talk in cirquaéc maét v. to scowl, to glower cles; khuùc quanh elbow, bend; loanh quanh quaéc thöôùc adj. hale and hearty quaém adj. hooked; crooked to turn around; ñi loanh quanh to go around quanh co adj. winding; tortuous: ñöôøng ñi quaèm quaëm adj. quarrelsome, surly, frowning quanh co a winding road quaëm adj. hooked: muõi quaëm a hooked nose quanh naêm adv. throughout the year, all year quaên adj., v. [of hair] curly, wavy; [of paper] round to be dog-eared: uoán quaên to curl; toùc quaên quanh quaån v., adj. to turn around, to go curly hair quaên queo adj. twisted: sôïi giaây quaên queo round in circles, hanging around; devious: ôû nhaø quanh quaån suoát ngaøy to hang around a twisted wire quaén adj. twisted at home quaân quaùch adv. around here, around, about quaèn adj. bent under pressure quaùnh adj. [of paste, dough] thick, dense, firm quaèn quaïi v. [of suffering man] to squirm, to quaønh v. to turn round, to bend: quaønh ra writhe phía sau maø ñi to turn around before leaving quaën v. [of pain] to writhe in pain quaïnh adj. isolated, deserted: ñoàng khoâng quaêng v. to throw [nets löôùi, etc.], to toss, to moâng quaïnh empty and deserted fields fling, to hurl, to cast: quaêng raùc vaøo thuøng raùc to throw rubbish into a bin quaïnh hiu adj. deserted, forlorn; desolate, lonely quaúng v. to throw away quaøo v. to claw, to scratch: quaøo löng to quaëng n. ore: quaëng saét iron ore scratch on the back quaép v. to curl [one’s limbs as in a lying posiquaùt v. to shout, to storm: quaùt aàm yû caû leân tion]; to hold tightly in one’s arms, legs, or to shout noisily talons quaùt maéng v. to shout angrily at quaëp v. to seize between one’s legs, to bend quaùt thaùo v. to shout blusteringly at someone down; to drop: raâu quaëp to be henpecked quaït v., n. to fan; fan: muùa quaït fan dance quaét v. to shrivel, to shrink, to crinkle up, to be quaït ñieän n. electric fan wizened quaït giaáy n. paper fan quaét queùo adj. dishonest, crafty, cunning quaït keùo n. punka quaët v. to turn [right or left]: quaët laïi to make quaït loâng n. feather fan a U-turn quaït maùy n. electric fan quaët queïo adj. sickly quaït traàn n. ceiling fan quaân 1 n. troops, army [with daøn to deploy, quaïu v., n., adj. quarrelsome; ugly look; surly moä to recruit]: moä quaân to recruit an army; quay 1 v. to turn [an object or oneself], to haäu quaân rear guard; tieàn quaân vanguard; twist, to spin; to turn around, to go back: quay haûi quaân navy; khoâng quaân air force; du ngöôøi laïi to turn around by oneself; nhôù quay kích quaân guerrilla, guerilla man; luïc quaân laïi ñaây to remember to come back here 2 v., army; thuyû quaân navy; thuyû quaân luïc chieán 198 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH quaän ñoäi marine corps; thuyû luc khoâng quaân army, quaân phuïc n. military uniform navy and air force 2 n. band, gang: quaân aên quaân quaûn n. military administration or supercöôùp a band of bandits 3 n. card, piece, man: vision quaân côø a chessman; quaân baøi card, game quaân só n. soldiers, warriors quaân bò n. armament quaân bình n. balance, evenness quaân böu n. army’s post office, fleet’s post quaân soá n. serial number, soldier’s number; numerical strength quaân sö n. military adviser quaân söï n., adj. military affairs; military: toaø office aùn quaân söï military court, court martial; ñaïi hoïc quaân söï military academy quaân ca n. military march, martial song quaân caùch n. military protocol [leã nghi cer- quaân thuø n. enemy caûng n. military port quaân trang n. military equipment caûnh n. military police quaân töû n. noble man, superior man cheá n. military regulation [Confucianism] chính n. military administration quaân vuï n. military affairs: só quan quaân vuï chuû n., adj. king, monarchy; monarchical: post executive; só quan quaân vuï phoù post emony] quaân quaân quaân quaân quaân quaân chuû laäp hieán constitutional monarchy; quaân chuû chuyeân cheá absolute monarchy quaân coâng n. military achievement, meritori- adjutant ous service: quaân coâng boäi tinh military medal, war medal quaân cô n. military secret quaân cuï n. ordnance quaân dòch n. military service quaân duïng n. military supplies, war materials quaân ñoaøn n. army corps quaân ñoäi n. troops, the army quaân giai n. military hierarchy, chain of command quaân giôùi n. arms, weapons; military circles quaân haïm n. battleship, man-of-war, warship quaân hieäu n. military badge quaân huaán n. military training quaân khí n. weapons, arms quaân khoá n. military stores, commissary quaân khu n. military zone or district quaân kyø n. military flag quaân kyû n. military discipline quaân lính n. soldiers, troops quaân luaät n. martial law [with thieát to declare]: tuyeân boá tình traïng thieát quaân luaät to declare martial law or a curfew quaân löïc n. armed forces quaân löông n. war supplies quaân nhaïc n. military band quaân nhaân n. army man, service man quaân nhôn n. See quaân nhaân quaân nhu n. military supplies, provisions: sôû quaân nhu Quartermaster Corps quaân phaùp n. military code, martial law quaân phaân v. to divide or distribute equally quaân phí n. military expenditures quaân phieät adj. military quaân vöông n. king, ruler quaân xa n. military vehicle, service vehicle quaân y n. army medical corps quaân y só n. medical officer, surgeon: quaân y só ngaønh khoâng quaân flight surgeon; quaân y só trung ñoaøn regimental surgeon quaân y vieän n. military hospital: y só tröôûng quaân y vieän senior surgeon of a military hospital quaán v. to roll [turban, bandage, etc.] around; to be rolled around; [of child] to hang on or around [elders]: quaán laáy ngöôøi em beù to wrap round a baby’s body quaàn 1 n. trousers, pants: aùo quaàn clothes; moät boä quaàn aùo a suit of clothes; quaàn daøi trousers 2 n. small ball, tennis: saân quaàn vôït tennis court 3 v. to be tired out, to be exhausted: bò keï ñòch quaàn to be exhausted by the enemy quaàn aùo n. clothes, clothing quaàn chuùng n. the masses quaàn cö v. to live in groups quaàn ñaûo n. archipelago quaàn ñuøi n. short pants, under pants quaàn quaät v. to work hard quaàn tuï v. to live together, to get together quaàn vôït n. tennis: giaûi voâ ñòch quaàn vôït tennis championship; giaûi quaàn vôït Myõ môû roäng U.S. Open [tennis] quaån v. to stick around; to be in the way: ñöùng ra moät beân keûo quaån chaân ngöôøi ta to stand aside, not to be in the way quaãn adj. to be hard-up, muddled in the mind quaãn baùch adj. hard-up; poor quaãn trí v. to become muddle-headed quaän n. country, district 199 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH quaän tröôûng queo to lie with knees to chin; beû queo to twist [words], to distort [facts] [around eyes]: maét coù quaàng ñen to have queùo adj. curved, bent: quaét queùo to be dark rings around one’s eyes crooked quaát n. kumquat: möùt quaát preserved kumqueøo v. to trip up; to seize with a hook queïo v. (= reõ) to turn [right or left], to be windquats ing: choã queïo chöõ U U-turn quaät 1 v. to whip, to flog, to beat 2 v. to exhume [corpse so as to violate a grave]: khai queùt v. to sweep [saøn nhaø floor]; to apply quaät to dig out, to excavate [paint sôn, whitewash voâi]; to wipe out, to quaät cöôøng adj. indomitable mop up: queùt saøn nhaø haøng ngaøy to sweep the floor every day quaät khôûi v. to rise up, to revolt quaây v. to enclose, to surround, to encircle queùt doïn v. to clean up [house, floor]: queùt doïn nhaø cöûa to clean up one’s house quaây quaàn v. to live together, to be united, to queùt tröôùc v. to clean up gather around quaáy 1 v. to stir, to tease, to cause trouble: queùt voâi v. to whitewash, to paint quaáy caø pheâ cho tan to stir coffee 2 v. to queït v. to rub, to strike (= dieâm): queït dieâm annoy, to bother 3 adj., adv. to be wrong [opp. to strike a match; hoäp queït box of matches phaûi]; recklessly, inconsiderately queâ n. native village, countryside: queâ quaùn, queâ höông native country; ñoàng queâ, thoân quaáy nhieãu v. to bother, to pester, to harass: queâ, nhaø queâ countryside; queâ keäch, queâ quaáy nhieãu phuï nöõ to harass women muøa boorish, coarse; daân queâ peasant; thoân quaáy quaù adj. negligent, careless, sloppy quaáy quaû v. to trouble by borrowing things, to queâ countryside pester with requests, to ask for favors queâ höông n. native village, country quaáy raày v. to bother, to pester queâ muøa adj. boorish, rustic quaày n. display counter, stall [in market], queâ ngoaïi n. mother’s village queâ ngöôøi n. foreign land/country stand: ñi doïc quaày haøng to go along the goods counter queâ noäi n. father’s village quaåy v. See quaûy queâ quaùn n. native village or country quaãy v. to frisk, to swish queá n. cinnamon quaäy v. See quaáy queá chæ n. cinnamon twig que n. stick, twig: que dieâm match stick queá hoa n. sweet olive que ñan n. knitting-needle queä adj. weakened, ruined: kieät queä exhausted; ruined que haøn n. welding stick queø adj. crippled, lame, disabled: queø chaân to queân v. to forget [to do something]; to omit: boû queân to forget [something somewhere] be crippled in a leg ot to lock the door. queø quaët adj. lame quen adj., v. to know, to be acquainted with, to queân baüng v. to forget completely be used to, to be accustomed to: ngöôøi quen queân mình adj. self-sacrificing acquaintance; thoùi quen habit; laøm quen vôùi queành quaøng v. to do in a hurry, to be hasty queát v. to smear, to coat, to plaster to get acquainted with; quen thaân to know well queät v. to smear, to coat quen bieát v. to know, to be acquainted with queàu quaøo adj. [of legs and arms] lanky; awkward [people] qui 1 n. (= ruøa) turtle 2 v. (= veà) to return: qui tieân to pass away 3 v. to bring together: qui quen maët v. to look familiar vaøo moät moái to bring together as a whole quen neát v. to have a bad habit quen thaân v. to acquire a habit qui cheá n. regulation, rule; administrative sysquen thoùi v. to have a habit of tem, civil service system quen thuoäc adj. familiar or acquainted with qui cuû n. standard, norm, order, method quen vieäc v. to have experience on a job qui ñònh v. to define, to affirm, to fix queøn adj. indifferent, poor, worthless: coù kieán qui ñaàu n. foreskin thöùc queøn to have poor knowledge qui haøng v. to surrender queo adj. tortuous, curved, twisted, bent: naèm qui luaät n. rules and regulations statute quaän tröôûng n. district chief, country chief quaàng n. halo [around sun or moon], dark ring 200 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH quoác vuï khanh country; laân quoác neighboring country; Lieân Hôïp Quoác the United Nations; lieät quoác all qui naïp v. to induce, to infer [conclusion] the nations; quí quoác your country; toå quoác qui phuïc v. to surrender [to], to yield, to fatherland, motherland; Trung Quoác China; submit Anh Quoác England; Myõ Quoác the U.S.A.; qui taéc n. rules, regulations, method: qui taéc phaûn quoác traitor tam xuaát rule of three quoác aâm n. national language qui thuaän v. to surrender [to] quoác bieán n. revolution qui tieân v. to die, to pass away quoác ca n. national anthem qui trình n. rules, regulations quoác daân n. people qui tuï v. to gather, to assemble, to converge Quoác daân ñaûng n. Nationalist Party: qui öôùc n., v. agreement, convention; to estab- Vieät Nam Quoác Daân Ñaûng Vietnamese lish an agreement Nationalist Party quí 1 adj. noble (= sang) [opp. heøn]; valuable, quoác doanh n. nationalized business, state precious: ñeå nhöõng vaät quí vaøo tuû saét to business leave valuable things in a safe 2 n. quarter, quoác gia n. nation, country: Quoác gia Giaùo duïc National Education; nhöõng nhaø laõnh ñaïo three months: quí xuaân the three months of quoác gia national leaders spring quí baùu adj. precious, valuable quoác giaùo n. national religion quí giaù adj. precious, valuable quoác hieäu n. official name of a country quí hoaù adj. [of things, feelings] good, very quoác hoïc n. national education system nice quoác hoäi n. national assembly, congress, quí hoà adv. provided that parliament quí höõu n. my good friends quoác hoàn n. national soul, national spirit quí khaùch n. distinguished guests, guests of quoác huy n. national emblem quoác höõu hoaù v. to nationalize honor quí kim n. precious metal, gold quoác khaùch n. state guest quí meán v. to love and esteem, to hold in esteem quoác khaùnh n. national day quí phaùi adj. noble, aristocratic quoác kyø n. national flag quí toäc n. aristocracy quoác phong n. national customs and manners quí troïng v. to admire and respect quoác phoøng n. national defense: boä quoác phoøng ministry of defense quì 1 v. to kneel down: quì goái xuoáng laïy to kneel down for praying 2 n. species of lotus, quoác phuï n. father of the nation sunflower, turnsole litmus quoác phuïc n. national costumes quæ n. devil; monster quoác saéc n. national beauty [queen] quæ keá n. wicked device, stratagem quoác sæ n. national shame quæ quaùi adj. cunning, diabolical quoác söû n. national history quæ quyeät adj. shrewd, cunning, wily quoác tang n. national mourning qui thuaät n. magic, magician quoác taùng n. state funeral quó n. coffer, cash box, budget, funds: thuû quó quoác teá adj., n. international: bang giao quoác teá international relations treasurer; coâng quó public funds; quó höu boång superannuation fund quoác teá hoaù v. to internationalize quó ñaïo n. orbit, trajectory quoác theå n. national prestige quó tích n. locus, geometrical locus: quó tích quoác thieàu n. national anthem cuûa ñöôøng loci of curves; quyõ tích cuûa ñieåm quoác tòch n. nationality, citizenship loci of points quoác traùi n. government bond quít n. mandarin, tangerine: moät muùi quít a quoác tröôûng n. chief of state, president of state tangerine section quoác tuyù n. national characteristic or spirit quòt v. to welch, to refuse to pay a debt quoác uy n. national prestige quoác n. country (= nöôùc): cöôøng quoác quoác vaên n. national language; Vietnamese power/great nation; aùi quoác patriotic; baûn literature, national literature quoác our country; ñòch quoác the enemy quoác vuï khanh n. secretary of state qui moâ n. standards, model, norm, pattern, scale 201 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH quoác vöông quoác vöông n. king quô v. to gather, to seize quôø v. to grab, to feel for, to grope for: quôø quyeát v. to decide, to make up one’s mind [to], to be determined: cöông quyeát to be determined; nhaát quyeát determined to; caû quyeát quaïng to grope for resolutely; phaùn quyeát [of court] to decide; quôû v. to scold, to reprimand: quôû maéng phuû quyeát veto; quaû quyeát to affirm; töï ngöôøi naøo to scold someone quyeát self-determination quy n. See qui quyeát chí v. to be set in one’s mind, to keep quyù adj. See quí one’s decision quyø v. See quì quyeát chieán v. to decide to fight, to fight until quyû n. See quæ victory quyõ n. See quó quyeát ñònh v., n. to decide; to be decisive; quyeân v. to raise, to collect [funds]; to give decision money to charity: cuoäc laïc quyeân fund raising quyeát ñoaùn v. to be decided, to determine, to quyeân sinh v. to commit suicide appraise with certainty quyeán adj. attached to: quyeán luyeán to be quyeát lieät adj. drastic, decisive: giôø phuùt quyeát lieät a decisive moment attached to: gia quyeán wife and children, relatives quyeát nghò v., n. to resolve; resolution: ñeä trình baûn quyeát nghò to submit a resolution; quyeán doã v. to seduce, to entice quyeán luyeán v. to be attached to: quyeán thoâng qua baûn quyeát nghò to pass the resoluluyeán gia ñình to be attached to family tion; döï thaûo baûn quyeát nghò draft resolution quyeán ruõ v. to seduce, to attract: quyeán ruõ ai quyeát taâm v., n. to be determined, to be to seduce someone resolved; determination, strong will quyeán thuoäc n. parents; relatives quyeát thaéng v. to be resolved to win quyeàn 1 n. power, authority, right: quyeàn quyeát toaùn v. to draw up the balance sheet: bính, quyeàn haønh power; caàm quyeàn to be quyeát toaùn ngaân saùch thöôøng nieân to draw in power; nhaø caàm quyeàn authorities; chính up the balance sheet of an annual budget quyeàn the government; binh quyeàn miliquyeát töû v. to decide to die, to be ready to die tary power; nhaân quyeàn human rights; ñaëc quyeät adj. shrewd, false, sly, wily: quæ quyeät, quyeàn privileges; chuû quyeàn sovereign(ty); xaûo quyeät cunning phaân quyeàn separation of power; coù quyeàn quyùnh adj. nervous, shaken, excited, embarto have the right to, be entitled to; uy quyeàn rassed: möøng quyùnh to be excited with joy; luyùnh quyùnh to be nervous, shaken; sôï power; uyû quyeàn proxy, delegation of power; thaåm quyeàn authority 2 n. acting: quyeàn thuû quyùnh to be frightened, scared töôùng acting premier; quyeàn khoa tröôûng quyønh n. red stone, ruby acting dean 3 n. fist; boxing, pugilism: ñaùnh quyeàn, ñaáu quyeàn to box quyeàn Anh n. western boxing [as opp. to Chinese or Vietnamese boxing]: voâ ñòch ra 1 v. [SV xuaát] to exit, to go out, to come out; quyeàn Anh boxing champion to go [out] into, to come [out] into; to look, to quyeàn bính n. power, authority become; to issue [order leänh], to give [signal quyeàn haïn n. power, authority hieäu, assignment baøi]: ra beå to go to the sea; quyeàn haønh n. power, authority ra saân to go [out of the house] into the yard; quyeàn lôïi n. interests, benefit: beânh vöïc ra ñöôøng to go out in the street; ra daùng … to quyeàn lôïi cho moïi ngöôøi to protect everylook 2 adv. out, outside, forth: khoâng ra gì, chaúng ra gì to amount to nothing; chaúng ra one’s interests hoàn to be worth nothing; baøy ra to display, to quyeàn löïc n. power quyeàn theá n. power and influence show off; beùo ra to get fat; ñoû ra to become red; noùi ra to speak up; nhìn ra, nhaän ra to quyeàn thuaät n. art of fighting, boxing art quyeån n. a classifier noun for rolls, scrolls, recognize; nhôù ra to remember, to call forth; volumes, books: quyeån thöôïng volume 1 [of tìm ra, kieám ra to find out; trôû ra to be out; two]; quyeån haï volume 2 [of two]; ba quyeån loái ra “Exit, do not enter.”; cöûa ra vaøo door; saùch three books hieän ra to appear; sinh ra, ñeû ra to be born, R 202 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH raïng to give birth to; hoaù ra to become; it turns out that; thaønh ra to come out; chia ra to divide up, to divide into ra ña n. radar ra ñi v. to depart, to leave ra ñi oâ n. [Fr. radio] radio: nghe ra-ñi-oâ to listen to the radio ra ñieàu v. to appear as: ra ñieàu laø ngöôøi coù hoïc to appear as an educated person ra ñôøi v. to be born; to start in life ra gì adj. worthless ra gieâng adv. early next year, after Tet, next January ra hieäu v. to signal: ra hieäu cho xe ngöøng laïi to signal to traffic to stop ra hoàn adj. worth something, quite good ra leänh v. to order, to give an order, to command: ra leänh ngöng baén to order a stop to the fighting ra maét v. to appear before the public for the first time; to launch: ra maét saùch môùi to launch a new book ra maët v. to show oneself: khoâng ra maët to act behind the scenes ra mieäng v. to express one’s opinion ra ngöôøi v. to become a decent person, to be worthy of being a human being ra oai v. to put on airs ra pheát adv. well, mighty, extremely ra raû adv. incessantly, ceaselessly: noùi ra raû to speak ceaselessly ra raøng adj. fully-fledged ra rìa v. to be discarded, to be neglected ra söùc v. to strive, to do one’s best ra tay v. to set out to do something; to show one’s ability ra toaø v. to appear before a court ra traän v. to go to the front ra veû v. to seem to, to pretend raù n. closely-woven basket [used for carrying or storing things and also for washing rice] raø 1 v. to grope, to thrust oneself; to caulk: raø vaøo ñaùm ñoâng to thrust oneself into a crowd 2 v. to check: raø laïi chöông trình ngaøy mai to check tomorrow’s schedule raû rích adj. continuous raõ v. to be dispersed, to break up; to fall off raõ ñaùm v. to end a party, to close a festival, to separate raõ hoïng adj. exhausted, fainted raõ rôøi adj. very tired, worn out, exhausted raõ röôïi adj. exhausted; depressed raï n. rice stubble: maùi nhaø baèng raï rice stubble roof raùc n. garbage, refuse, rubbish, litter: ñoå raùc to dump the garbage; thuøng raùc garbage bin; phu raùc garbage collector; xe raùc garbage truck; rôm raùc, coû raùc rubbish raùc röôûi n. rubbish; dregs raïc v. to be exhausted; to become skinny: lo nghó quaù raïc ngöôøi to look haggard/worn down because of too many worries raùch adj. torn; aùo raùch a torn shirt; xeù raùch to tear [on purpose]; gieû raùch rag raùch böôm adj. torn to shreds raùch möôùp adj. ragged, tattered raùch röôùi adj. ragged raïch 1 n. irrigation ditch, stream, small irrigation canal; arroyo: laáy nöôùc töø raïch to take water from an irrigation canal 2 v. to slit, to slash; to split, to divide: raïch caùi hoäp baèng con dao to slit a box with a knife raïch roøi adj., adv. [to talk] clear; distinct raùi 1 n. otter: con raùi caù an otter 2 v. to fear; to dread raûi v. to spread, to sow, to lay down: raûi ñaù loùt ñöôøng to lay down stones on the road; raûi nhöïa ñöôøng to cover a road with asphalt raûi raùc adj. scattered ram n. [Fr. rame] ream, quire [of paper] raùm v., adj. to be sunburnt; sunburnt: raùm naéng to have sunburn raïm n. blackish water crab ran v. to resound: cöôøi ran to laugh boisterously; noå ran to crackle, to explode noisily raùn 1 v. (= chieân) to fry [meat, fish, chicken, eggs]: raùn gaø to fry chicken; gaø raùn fried chicken 2 v., adv. to try, to endeavor, to strive; some more, over, in: raùn söùc to try one’s best; nguõ raùn to sleep in raøn ruïa adj. overflowing raïn adj. cracked rang v. to fry, to roast [peanuts, chestnuts haït deû, melon seeds haït döa, sesame vöøng, coffee caø pheâ]; to pop [corn ngoâ, baép]: ngoâ rang, baép rang popcorn; rang caø pheâ to roast coffee seeds raùng n. rainbow raøng v. (= gaøi) to tie up, to fasten, to bind: raøng daây thaét löng to fasten one’s seat-belt raøng buoäc v. to attach firmly, to tie up, to bind: moái raøng buoäc gia ñình family ties raïng v., n. to break, to become dawn; dawn: raïng ngaøy möôøi baûy at the dawn of the 17th 203 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH raïng danh raïng raïng raïng raïng ranh danh v. to become famous ñoâng n. daybreak, dawn ngôøi adj. resplendent, glittering rôõ adj. radiant, brilliant raïp 1 n. temporary shed; theater: raïp haùt the- 1 adj. shrewd, hard to deceive; mischievous, roguish: thaèng ranh con the little devil, a mischievous boy; chôi ranh to play dirty tricks 2 n. demarcation, limit, boundary: phaân ranh to fix the boundaries; giaùp ranh adjoining ranh giôùi n. frontier, boundary ranh maõnh adj. shrewd, smart; mischievous, naughty raønh v. to be clear; to know precisely, to master [a subject] raønh maïch adj. clear, intelligible, explicit, unambiguous raønh raønh adj. obvious, evident, manifest raønh roït adj. clear: giaûi thích vaán ñeà raønh roït to explain the issue clearly raûnh v. to be free: thì giôø raûnh spare time raûnh chaân adj. free raûnh maét v. to get out of sight: ñi ñi cho raûnh maét go away, get out of my sight raõnh mình adj. free of care or responsibility raûnh tay adj. having free moments raûnh thaân adj. free of care or responsibility raûnh trí v. to have a free mind raûnh vieäc v. to have leisure time, to have some spare time raõnh n. stream, brook; gutter, drain; groove rao v. to announce, to advertise, to cry out [news or merchandise haøng] rao haøng v. to shout out one’s wares raùo 1 adj. dry: khoâ raùo dry 2 adv. entirely, utterly, totally: naéng raùo dry and sunny heat; raùo, nhaün raùo to run out, to be all gone; chaïy raùo all disappear raùo hoaûnh adj. [of eyes] dry, tearless raùo rieát adj. [of work] hard; [of contest, race] keen, hectic: laøm vieäc raùo rieát to work hard raøo v., n. to fence, to block; fence, hedge: raøo giaäu fence, hedge; xaây haøng raøo to build a fence raøo ñoùn v. to take all precautions, to talk around raûo v. to walk faster, to accelerate, to quicken one’s steps: raûo böôùc to walk faster raïo röïc v. to be nauseous raùp 1 v. to assemble, to adjust, to join: raùp maùy may to assemble a sewing machine 2 adj. (= nhaùp) rough: giaáy raùp sandpaper; ñaù raùp pumice stone ater [building]; raïp xi-neâ, raïp chieáu boùng movie theater 2 v. to bend [cuùi] all the way down to the ground; to lie [naèm] flat on the ground; to bow very low: naèm raïp xuoáng ñaát to lie flat on the ground raùt v. [of pain] to feel pain: raùt coå hoïng to feel pain in the throat raùt maët v. to feel a burning sensation on one’s face raït v. to stand all the way to the side rau 1 n. vegetables, greens: vöôøn rau vegetable garden; côm rau vegetable meal 2 n. (= nhau) umbilical cord; nôi choân rau caét roán native place rau soáng n. salad rau thôm n. mint, basil raùy n. ear wax: laáy raùy tai to take out ear wax raøy adv. now, this time, today; töø raøy (trôû ñi) from now on; maáy ngaøy raøy these few days raûy v. to sprinkle [with water] raéc v. to sow, to sprinkle: raéc hoät gioáng to sow seeds; raéc muoái leân thöùc aên to sprinkle salt on food raéc roái adj. complicated, intricate; troublesome: coâng vieäc raéc roái a complicated job raêm n. persicary; fragrant knotweed raêm raép adj. obeying as one body, all at the same time raém n. fart: ñaùnh raém to break wind raèm n. full moon: ngaøy raèm fifteenth day of the lunar month; traêng raèm full moon raên 1 adj. (= nhaên) wrinkled [of skin, clothes] 2 v. to advise, to warn, to instruct: lôøi raên commandment; möôøi ñieàu raên the Ten Commandments raên reo adj. wrinkled, wizened raén 1 n. [SV xaø] snake: noïc raén venom 2 adj. [SV cöông] hard, rigid [opp. meàm]: raén laïi to harden raén ñaàu adj. stubborn, hard-headed raén hoå mang n. copperhead raén moái n. lizard raén nöôùc n. water-snake raén roûi adj. strong, tough: moät con ngöôøi raén roûi a tough man raën v. to contract one’s abdominal muscles [when defecating or lifting a heavy object] raêng 1 n. [SV nha] tooth: ñaùnh raêng to brush teeth; ñau raêng to have a toothache; haøm raêng jaw; raêng giaû fake tooth; haøm raêng giaû dental plate; nghieán raêng to grind one’s 204 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH reã con teeth; moïc raêng to cut teeth; troàng raêng to grow a tooth; xæa raêng to pick one’s teeth; chaûi raêng to brush one’s teeth; baøn chaûi raêng tooth-brush; thuoác ñaùnh raêng toothpaste 2 adv. [Hue dialect] what, how, why raêng cöa n., adj. teeth of a saw; saw-toothed; serrated raêng cöûa n. incisor, front tooth raêng haøm n. molar raêng khoân n. wisdom tooth raêng nanh n. canine, eyetooth raêng saâu n. decayed tooth: nhoå raêng saâu to extract a decayed tooth raêng suùn n. decayed tooth raêng söõa n. milk tooth raêng tieàn haøm n. premolar, bicuspid raêng vaåu n. buck tooth raèng 1 v. to say [as follows] that: baûo/noùi raèng to say that; chaúng noùi chaúng raèng to say nothing, without warning 2 conj. that raèng raëc adj. too long, endless, interminable: daøi raèng raëc too long raëng n. row [of trees], chain, range [of mountains]: raëng nuùi a range of mountains raép v. to be about to, to intend to: raép taâm laøm vieäc gì to intend to do something raët adv. entirely, altogether, nothing but; there are just raâm adj. shady: boùng raâm shade; kính raâm sun-glasses; ngoài trong raâm to sit in the shade raàm 1 adj. loud, noisy 2 n. beam, rafter raàm raàm adv. noisily, with a roar raàm raäp n. noisily raàm rì v. to whisper, to murmur raàm roä adj., adv. ebullient; noisily raäm adj. [of hair, vegetation] thick, dense, bushy: röøng raäm thick forest; toùc raäm thick hair raäm raïp adj. thick, dense, bushy raän n. body louse [chaáy, chí]: beänh chaáy raän typhus raáp v. to block, to close [road]; to cover up raäp v. to copy, to reproduce [model]: raäp theo kieåu to copy a pattern raäp rình v. to be bouncing in rhythm, to resound low and high: raäp rôøn v. to float, to bob raát adv. very [to precede verbs] raâu n. [SV tu] beard; mustache: raâu meùp mustache; caïo raâu to shave; ñeå raâu to grow a beard or mustache raâu caèm n. beard raâu meùp n. mustache raâu quai noùn n. whiskers raàu v., adj. sad, sorrowful, depressed: buoàn raàu to be sorrowful raàu raàu adj. melancholic raây v., n. to strain, to sift, to bolt/sieve; strainer: raây boät to sift flour raày 1 v. to scold, to annoy, to bother, to pester 2 n. [Fr. rail] rail: ñöôøng raày railway raày la v. to scold, to reprimand raày raø adj. troublesome, complicated raãy v. to clear land for cultivation: laøm raãy to slash and burn reø v. [of voice] cracked reû adj. cheap, inexpensive: haøng reû tieàn cheap goods [opp. ñaét]; reû nhö buøn dirt cheap reû maït adj. dirt cheap, cheap as chips reû ruùng v. to belittle, to berate; to abandon reû thoái adj. dirt cheap reõ v. to turn [right or left]; to divide, to split: chia reõ to separate, to split; choã reõ turning point; reõ phaûi to turn right reøm n. bamboo blinds ren n. [Fr. dentelle] lace reùn v. to tiptoe, to walk gingerly: ñi roùn reùn to walk gingerly reøn v. to forge; to train, to form: reøn luyeän to train; thôï reøn blacksmith; loø reøn furnace reøn ñuùc v. to forge, to create reøn luyeän v. to forge, to train: reøn luyeän cô theå to train one’s body reo 1 v. to rustle, to hiss 2 v. to shout, to cheer, to yell reo v. [Fr. grevè] to strike; laøm reo to go on strike reo hoø v. to shout, to cheer reùo v. to call loudly, to hail reùo raét adj. [of voice] plaintive reùt adj. [SV haøn] cold: trôøi reùt it’s cold; beänh soát reùt malaria; muøa reùt winter reùt buoát adj. cold, freezing reùt möôùt adj. cold [of weather] reá n. bamboo basket [used as pad for hot pot] reà raø adj. dawdling; dragged out reå n. son-in-law: chaøng/chuù reå bridegroom; anh reå elder sister’s husband; em reå younger sister’s husband; keùn reå to choose a son-inlaw; anh em reå brothers-in-law [whose wives are sisters]; phuø reå to be the best man reã n. [SV caên] root: nhoå reã to uproot; moïc reã to take root reã caùi n. main root reã con n. rootlet 205 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH reã cuõ reã cuõ n. rootstalk, rhizome reân v. to groan, to moan reân ræ v. to groan, to moan reàn v. to toll, to ring; to happen repeatedly reäp n. bedbug reát n. centipede reâu n. moss: moïc reâu moss growth; xanh reâu mossy green reâu rao v. to spread, to divulge, to broadcast [rumor, news] rì adj. dark green, lush: coû moïc xanh rì the grass grew lush green drops 2 n. basket roõ adj., adv. clear, distinct; clearly, distinctly roõ moàn moät adj. absolutely clear, obvious roõ raøng adj. clear, distinct, evident, obvious roõ reät adj. clear, distinct roï n. bow net, eel pot, hoop net, coop roùc v. to whittle the bark off: roùc mía to whittle sugar cane rì raøo v. to whisper, to murmur rì raàm v. to whisper ræ 1 v., n. to be rusty, to get rusty; rust 2 v. to roùc raùch v. [of stream] to drip, to babble roïc v. to cut [pages that are folded] roi n. whip, rod, switch: roi ngöïa horse whip roi voït n. whipping roïi v. to beam, to shine, to focus [light, search- act in small or gentle repetitions, to ooze out: ræ töøng gioït to drip ræ raû adv. slowly and prolonged ræ tai v. to whisper into someone’s ear ria 1 n. edge, border, rim 2 n. mustache [with light] rom n. [Fr. rhum] rum roùm n. caterpillar roùn reùn v. to tiptoe rong 1 v. to wander, to be itinerant or peram- ñeå to grow] rìa n. fringe, edge, border ræa v. to peck, to nibble ræa roùi v. to insult: ræa roùi ai to insult someone rích adj. very old: cuõ rích out of date rieâng adj. [SV tö] special, particular, personal, rìu n. ax roû n. rush basket roø v. to leak roû 1 v. to drip, to ooze; to give [eye lotion] in private: nhaø rieâng private house; cuûa rieâng personal property [of someone]; con rieâng a child by a previous marriage; ôû rieâng to settle apart from relatives rieâng bieät adj. separate, apart rieâng taây adj. private, own rieâng tö adj. personal, private: ñôøi soáng rieäng tö a private life rieàng n. galingale [the root of a plant that is used in cooking and medicine] rieát 1 v. to pull tight, to act unceasingly; to be stingy: rieát hai ñaàu daây to pull tight two heads of string 2 adj. strict, severe rieát roùng adj. miserly, closefisted rieâu n. fish or crab soup, chowder eaten with rice or rice spaghetti rieãu v. to banter, to make fun rim v. to cook with fish sauce rinh 1 adj. noisy 2 v. to carry with both hands: rinh baøn gheá vaøo phoøng to carry furniture into the room with both hands rình v. to spy, to lie in ambush, to watch rình moø v. to spy on rít v. to hiss, to whizz; to be shrill ròt v. to tie, to dress: ròt veát thöông to tie a wound ríu rít v. [of birds, children] to chatter, to prattle bulating: haøng rong street vendor, peddler, hawker 2 n. alga, seaweed rong roûng adj. slender roøng 1 adj. pure: vaøng roøng pure gold 2 adj. all through, whole: ba naêm roøng throughout three years roøng raõ adj., adv. uninterrupted; unceasingly, incessantly roøng roïc n. pulley roùt v. to pour [from bottle, pot, etc.]: roùt röôïu ra ly to pour wine into a glass roâ n. diamond [on cards] roà adj. mad, crazy: hoaù ñieân roà to become crazy roà daïi adj. mad, crazy, insane roå n. bamboo basket roã adj. [of face] pock-marked: maët roã to have a pock-marked face roä adj. noisy, profuse: raàm roä with a lot of noise and fuss roái v. to be tangled, to tangle, to mix up: toùc roái tangled hair; quaáy roái to disturb, to harass; boái roái uneasy, perplexed roái beng adj. troubled: tình hình roái beng troubled situation roái loaïn adj., adv. troubled; disorderly, out of control roái ren adj. disorder, confused roái rít v. to be perplexed, to be nervous, to panic, to bustle roái trí adj. nervous 206 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ruïch ròch roài 1 adv., adj. already; finished, recent: vöøa roài to be recent; recently: heát roài all gone 2 conj. then roài ñaây adv. later, in the future roài ra adv. later on roài thì adv. and then roãi v., adj. free, unoccupied: roãi vieäc, nhaøn roãi to be free roãi raõi v. to have free time, to have leisure roâm n. heat rash, prickly heat [with moïc to have] roâm saåy n. heat rash roán 1 n. nave 2 v. to extend [stay, visit, working period] in order to finish up; to exert oneself further, to make an extra effort roän v., adv. to be noisy, to raise a fuss; disorderly: baän roän to be busy; laøm roän to raise a fuss roän raõ adj. noisy, vehement roän ròp adj. (= nhoän nhòp) to be bustling roâng 1 n. high tide 2 v. to wander around: chaïy rong to roam about roáng v. to trumpet; to roar roàng n. [SV long] dragon: maët roàng the king’s face; thuyeàn roàng dragon boat roãng adj. empty; hollow: tuùi roãng empty pocket roãng khoâng adj. empty roãng tueách adj. absolutely empty, meaningless roäng adj. wide, spacious, big, broad [opp. heïp, chaät]: nghóa roäng extended meaning; môû roäng to enlarge, to expand 2 adj. free, generous: tieâu pha roäng raõi to spend freely roäng buïng adj. generous, broad-minded roäng caúng adj. free roäng löôïng adj. generous, tolerant roäng raõi adj. wide, spacious; broad-minded; generous, liberal roát adv. to be the last: sau roát last of all roát cuïc adv. at the end, finally, ultimately rôø v. to grope, to feel, to touch rôø raãm v. to grope, to touch rôõ adj. to be radiant: möøng rôõ to be very glad; raïng rôõ glorifying; röïc rôõ radiant, resplendent rôõ raøng adj. radiant, shining rôï adj. savage, barbarian; gaudy: moïi rôï barbarian rôi v. to fall, to drop [xuoáng down, ra out, vaøo into]; to shed: rôi leä to shed tears; boû rôi to abandon; ñaùnh rôi to drop [accidentally]; ñeû rôi to have one’s baby in the absence of a midwife or obstetrician; con rôi con vaõi abandoned child; thö rôi anonymous letter; cuûa rôi an object that somebody has dropped rôi leä v. to shed tears, to cry rôøi v. to be detached from, to separate from: rôøi ñi to leave; thaùo rôøi ra to take apart rôøi raõ adj. exhausted rôøi raïc adj. dissimilar, incoherent, without coordination rôm n. straw: muõ rôm straw hat; moáng rôm, ñuïn rôm haystack; naám rôm straw mushroom rôm raùc n. trifle, junk rôm rôùm adj. [of eyes] wet with tears rôùm v. to ooze, to be wet [with blood maùu, tears nöôùc maét] rôøn adj. quite green: xanh rôøn very green rôïn v. to shiver with fear: laøm rôïn toùc gaùy to make one’s hair stand on ends rôïp v. to be shady, to be in the shade: ngoài nghó ôû choã rôïp to take a rest in the shade rôùt 1 v. to fall, to drop, to fail [an exam] [opp. ñaäu, ñoã] 2 adj. to be left behind; to remain rôùt moàng tôi adj. as poor as a church mouse ru v. to lull, to sing [to baby]: ru con nguû to lull a baby to sleep; baøi haùt ru con lullaby ru nguû v. to rock, to lull to sleep ru ruù v. to stay home ruù 1 n. forest: röøng ruù forest 2 v. to shout, to shriek, to scream [of joy or fear] ruø rôø adj. slow, indolent ruû 1 v. to invite [to come along]; to urge, to ask: ruû nhau ñi aên to ask someone to go to a restaurant 2 v. to hang down: ruû maøn xuoáng to hang down a curtain ruû reâ v. to induce, to entice: ruû reâ baïn ñi uoáng röôïu to invite one’s friend to the pub ruû ræ v. to whisper, to murmur softly ruõ 1 v., adj. to droop; drooping, hanging: caây ruõ cheát the tree withered, lifeless; côø ruõ flag at half mast; meät ruõ exhausted 2 v. to rinse [clothes]: ruõ hai nöôùc to rinse twice ruõ röôïi adj. [of hair] drooping, hanging, disheveled: cöôøi ruõ röôïi to laugh heartily ruøa n. [SV qui] turtle, tortoise: chaäm nhö ruøa snail-paced, as slow as a tortoise ruûa v. to curse: nguyeàn ruûa to curse; chöûi ruûa to scold ruõa adj. decayed, rotten ruùc v. to hoot; to creep, to crawl ruùc rích v. to giggle ruïc adj. overcooked, stewed to shreds ruïch ròch v. to get ready to, to prepare to: ruïc 207 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ruûi ròch doïn nhaø ñi nôi khaùc to get ready to move to another place ruûi n., adj. luck, bad luck; unfortunate [opp. may], unlucky ruûi ro adj. unlucky, unfortunate: chuyeän ruûi bad luck ruïi adj. ravaged completely rum n. rum: uoáng röôïu rum to drink rum ruùm adj. distorted, contorted; crumpled run v. to shake, to tremble, to quiver: run nhö caày saáy to tremble like a leaf run raåy v. to tremble, to shiver ruûn adj., v. to be limp, to be faint: ñoùi ruûn caû ngöôøi to be weak with hunger ruûn chí adj. dejected, downcast, discouraged rung v. to shake, to ring [bell]: rung chuoâng nhaø thôø to ring the bell at the church rung caûm v. to throb with emotion rung chuyeån v. to shake violently; to make a strong impact on rung ñoäng v. to vibrate; to quiver, to throb with motion rung rinh v. to shake, to vibrate, to quiver ruøng v. to shudder, to shiver, to quiver ruøng mình v. to tremble with fear ruøng rôïn adj. horrifying, ghastly: tai naïn ruøng rôïn a horrifying accident ruïng v. [of flower hoa, fruit quaû, leaves laù, hair toùc, tooth raêng] to fall: laù ruïng leaves fell ruïng rôøi adj., v. faint with fright; to be panicstricken, hysterical [because of fear, bad news] ruoác n. shredded meat salted and dried: maém ruoác shrimp paste ruoài n. housefly, fly: dieät ruoài to kill flies ruoài muoãi n. flies and mosquitoes ruoàng v. to abandon, to desert: ruoàng boû gia ñình to abandon one’s family ruoäng n. [SV ñieàn] rice field: ñoàng ruoäng fields; laøm ruoäng to farm; caøy ruoäng to plow ruoäng ñaát n. land, rice fields ruoät 1 n. intestine, bowels, entrails, gut; heart; blood [relationship]: ñau ruoät intestinal pain 2 adj. related by blood: anh ruoät elder brother [as opp. to anh hoï cousin]; chò ruoät elder sister [as opp. to em ruoät younger brother, younger sister]; caäu ruoät mother’s younger brother ruoät gaø n. coil spring ruoät gan n. heart ruoät giaø n. large intestine ruoät non n. small intestine ruoät thòt adj. being of the same parents; related by blood [relative] ruoät thöøa n. appendix ruoät töôïng n. sausage-shaped belt, belt holder ruùt v. to pull; to pull back, to withdraw ruùt bôùt v. to reduce, to cut [staff, expenses]: ruùt bôùt chi phí to reduce expenses ruùt goïn v. to reduce [a fraction] ruùt lui v. to withdraw, to retreat ruùt ngaén v. to shorten, to condense, to cut short: ruùt ngaén kyø nghæ heø to cut holidays short ruùt thaêm v. to draw lots ruït v. to withdraw, to jerk back [neck, head, hand] ruït reø v. to be shy, to be timid röa röùa adj. similar röûa v. to wash, to clean [object, face, hands, etc. but not clothes, rice, or hair]; to develop, to print [film]: röûa xe to wash one’s car; röûa tay to wash one’s hands; röûa hình to develop a roll of film röûa raùy v. to wash: röûa raùy chaân tay to wash one’s hands röûa toäi v. to baptize röõa v. to wither, to decay, to rot: chín röõa over-ripe röïc adj. bright, glowing röïc rôõ adj. [of light, success, victory] brilliant, radiant; splendid: aùnh saùng röïc rôõ brilliant lights; trang hoaøng röïc rôõ a splendid decoration röng röùc adv. [of pain] to be sharp, intense: khoùc röng röùc to cry bitterly röøng n. [SV laâm] forest, jungle; wild: ngöôøi röøng orang-utan; meøo röøng wild cat; thuù röøng wild beast; lôïn röøng wild boar; chôû cuûi veà röøng to carry coals to Newcastle röøng ruù n. forests, woods röôùc v. (= ñoùn) to meet on arrival, to welcome: tieáp röôùc to receive; ñaùm röôùc procession; röôùc ñeøn lantern parade röôi n. edible worms, clam worm [found in rice fields near the sea coast] röôùi v. to sprinkle: röôùi nöôùc maém vaøo canh to sprinkle fish-sauce into soup röôøi röôïi adj. dismal, sad, gloomy röôûi num. a half [the preceding numeral is traêm, nghìn/ngaøn...]: hai traêm röôûi two hundred and fifty; nghìn röôûi one thousand five hundred röôõi num. a half: ba ñoàng röôõi three and a half piastres; ba thöôùc röôõi three and a half meters; moät giôø röôõi half past one; moät 208 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH san tieáng röôõi one and a half hours saù chi v. to not mind röôøm adj. superfluous, redundant, complicated saø v. [of bird, plane] to swoop down: bay saø treân maët nöôùc to skim over the surface of the röôøm raø adj. dense; [of style] superfluous, wordy: caønh caây röôøm raø dense branches; aên water noùi röôøm raø to say superfluous words saø lan n. [Fr. chaland] lighter, barge röông n. (= hoøm) trunk, case, box: khieâng saû 1 n. citronella 2 v. to cut to pieces röông quaàn aùo leân xe to load a trunk of saùch n. [SV thö] book: haøng baùn saùch bookclothes in the car shop, bookstore; saùch giaùo khoa textbook röôøng n. framework [of building]; beam röôøng coät n. keystone, pivot, pillar röôït v. to follow, to chase röôïu n. [SV töûu] alcohol, drink, wine, liquor, saùch vôû n. books and exercise books saïch adj., adv. clean; completely, entirely: moät caùi baøn saïch a clean table; trong saïch to be pure, honest; heát saïch all gone spirit: say röôïu to be drunk; loø röôïu distillery; saïch bong adj. very clean, spotless nghieän röôïu to be a drinker; caát röôïu to dis- saïch seõ adj. clean, tidy, spotless: saøn nhaø saïch seõ a clean floor till alcohol röôïu bia n. beer saïch toäi adj. clear of all sins röôïu chaùt n. wine saïch truïi adj. nothing left: cuûa caûi saïch truïi röôïu cheø v. to drink heavily to have no penny left röôïu ñeá n. rice wine sai 1 v. to send [on an errand], to order, to röôïu maïnh n. spirits, brandy command: sai ngöôøi ñi mua thöùc aên to send somebody to buy food; tay sai servant, lackey röôïu muøi n. liquor röôïu neáp n. fermented sticky rice 2 adj., n. incorrect, wrong, false; error, mistake: röôïu nho n. wine: röôïu nho ñoû red wine; tin töùc sai incorrect information; sai loãi chính röôïu nho traéng white wine taû spelling mistakes 3 adj. [of tree] to yield plenty of fruits röôïu saâm banh n. champagne röôïu vang n. wine sai baûo v. to give orders, to order about röùt v. to pull [hair, clothes]; to tear out; to be sai beùt adj. completely wrong, all incorrect separated from: caén röùt to gnaw; röùt toùc to sai bieät adj. different, divergent pull hairs off sai heïn v. to fail to keep an appointment sai khieán v. to order, to command sai laàm adj., n. to be mistaken, to make mistakes; wrong, mistake: nhöõng caùi sai laàm cuûa tuoåi treû the mistakes of youth; nhöõng yù sa 1 n. gauze, silk cloth 2 v. to fall [especially kieán sai laàm wrong ideas from the sky]; to drop down, to prolapse: sa xuoáng hoá to fall into a hole sai lôøi v. to break one’s promise sa chaân v. to take a false step, to slip: sa sai traùi adj. wrong chaân lôõ böôùc to meet with misfortune sai öôùc v. to break a promise sa cô v. to meet with an accident or misforsaùi adj. dislocated, out of joint; out of place, tune: sa cô lôõ vaän to meet with a misfortune, untimely; contrary to, opposed to: saùi tay an to land in a predicament untimely sprain of the arm sa ñaø v. to over-indulge in sensual pleasures Saøi Goøn n. Saigon: haûi caûng Saøi Goøn the sa ñoaï v. to be utterly depraved Saigon seaport sa laày v. to be bogged, to bog down Saøi thaønh n. Saigon City sa maïc n. desert saûi n. span [of human arms], width of outsa moân n. Buddhist priest stretched arms sa ngaõ v. to fall into, to be debauched saûi tay n. arm length; full span [of the arms] sa nhaân n. bastard; cardamom saõi n. a caretaker in a Buddhist temple; Buddhist monk sa saàm v. to look angry sa suùt v. to decline [in wealth, status], to fall sam n. king crab: ñuoâi sam plait, pigtail into poverty saùm hoái v. to repent, to feel remorse sa thaûi v. to dismiss, to lay off saøm v. to calumniate, to slander sa tröôøng n. battlefield san 1 n. review, journal: nguyeät san monthly S 209 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH san baèng review; baùn nguyeät san biweekly; taäp san journal 2 v. to level, to grade [road], to smooth; to raze to the ground, to excavate: san baèng maët ñaát to excavate a ground level san baèng v. to excavate: san baèng ñaát ñeå laøm nhaø to excavate the ground to build a house san hoâ n. coral san seû v. to share: san seû chi phí to share the cost saùn 1 v. to approach, to come very close to 2 n. tapeworm, taenia: thuoác saùn taeniacide, taeniafuge saùn laõi n. ascarid saøn n. wooden or parquet floor: saøn nhaø floor; nhaø saøn house on stilts saøn saøn adj. nearly equal, about the same saûn v. to produce, to create, to generate saûn khoa n. obstetrics saûn löôïng n. product, output, rate of production saûn nghieäp n. property, inheritance, possession saûn phaåm n. product, result, outcome: saûn phaåm noäi ñòa domestic products saûn phuï n. a woman post-partuition [one who has just given birth] saûn quyeàn n. manufacturing rights saûn vaät n. product [of a country] saûn xuaát v. to produce, to manufacture, to make saïn n. grit; pebble sang 1 v. to go over, to come over, to cross: ñem sang to bring over; göûi sang Myõ to send to America; ñi sang Phaùp to go to France; sang qua ñöôøng to go across the road 2 v. to transfer: sang teân xe to transfer a car registration; sang teân nhaø cho ai to transfer the ownership of a house to someone 3 adj. [SV quí] to be noble [opp. heøn]; to be used to expensive living: nhaø giaøu sang rich and noble family sang ñoaït v. to misappropriate, to embezzle sang ñoäc v. to form an abscess sang maùu v. to give a blood transfusion sang nhaø v. to sublet for rental, to transfer a lease sang saûng adj. [of voice] metallic, sonorous sang soá v. to shift gear sang tay v. to change owner sang teân v. to transfer [property]: sang teân cô sôû thöông maïi cho ai to transfer a business to someone sang troïng adj. noble, luxury, distinguished: nhaø haøng sang troïng a high-class restaurant saùng adj., n. [SV minh] bright; to be bright, well lit; to be intelligent; dawn, morning: aùnh saùng ray or beam of light; aùnh saùng maët trôøi sunlight; kinh ñoâ aùnh saùng a city of light; taûng saùng dawn; soi saùng to light; tia saùng light ray; böõa aên saùng breakfast; aêên saùng to have breakfast; saùng traêng moonlight saùng saùng saùng saùng saùng saùng saùng saùng boùng adj. shining cheá v. to invent, to create, to make choang adj. bright, dazzling daï adj. intelligent kieán n. initiative laïn adj. glaring, bright laäp v. to found, to establish mai n. the next morning, tomorrow morning saùng quaéc adj. [of eyes] flashing: maét saùng quaéc to have blinking eyes saùng röïc adj. incandescent, glowing saùng sôùm n. early in the morning, in the early morning saùng suûa adj. bright, well lighted; brightlooking, intelligent saùng suoát n. to be clear-sighted, enlightened saùng taùc v. to create, to be creative, to com- pose: saùng taùc nhaïc to compose music/songs taïo v. to create, to invent tröng adj. bright, brilliant, dazzling yù adj. perspicacious, intelligent 1 v., n. to winnow, to sieve; flat winnowing basket 2 n. (= giöôøng) bed: baïn ñoàng saøng bedmate; long saøng royal bed saûng adj. delirious saûng khoaùi v., adj. cheery, in good spirits, brisk saûng soát v. to fall into a panic, to be frantic sanh v. See sinh saùnh v. to compare: so saùnh to compare; khoâng saùnh kòp cannot compare to saùnh duyeân v. to get married saùnh ñoâi v. to be matched in marriage, to be a couple saùnh vai v. to go or walk side by side saønh 1 n. earthenware 2 adj. expert, skilled, experienced saûnh n. hall: thò saûnh, ñoâ saûnh city hall, town hall sao 1 n. star: ngoâi sao ñieän aûnh movie star; coù sao starry; hình sao star-shaped; choøm sao constellation; côø sao soïc stars and stripes 2 adv. How? What matter? why; Laøm sao? How?; Taïi/Vì sao? Why?; khoâng sao no saùng saùng saùng saøng 210 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH saên ñoùn trouble, it does not matter 3 v. to roast, to fry medicinal herbs 4 v. to copy, to transcribe: baûn sao copy; sao y baûn chính a true copy of the original sao baéc cöïc n. the polar star sao baéc ñaåu n. ursa major sao baêng n. shooting star sao choåi n. comet sao ñoåi ngoâi n. shooting star sao hoâm n. evening star sao luïc v. to copy, to make copies of: sao luïc giaáy khai sinh to make a copy of one’s birth certificate sao mai n. morning star saùo 1 n. flute: thoåi saùo to play the flute 2 n. magpie 3 n. bamboo blinds saøo 1 n. pole: nhaåy saøo the pole-vault 2 num. one tenth of an acre or 360 square meters saøo huyeät n. lair, den, nest [of beasts, pirates, rebels], haunt, hide-out saùp n. wax; pomade; lipstick: saùp moâi lipstick; saùp ong beeswax; phaán saùp to make up saùp moâi n. lipstick saùp nhaäp v. to annex, to merge, to integrate saùt 1 adj. close to, closely attached to: theo saùt following closely; dòch saùt literally translating 2 v. (= gieát) to kill: aùm saùt to assassinate; coá saùt murder; möu saùt to murder saùt caùnh adj. side by side saùt chuûng n. genocide saùt haïch v. to examine [students], to test saùt nhaân n. homicide, murder: keû saùt nhaân an assassin, murderer saùt phuï n. patricide saùt sinh v. to kill animals: loø saùt sinh slaughterhouse saùt truøng n. insecticide, antiseptic saït adj. broken, smashed saït nghieäp v. to be ruined financially, to become bankrupt sau adv. [SV haäu] behind, after, back, following [opp. tröôùc]: ñaèng sau behind; phía sau in the back; ñôøi sau next life, next generation; hoâm sau the following day; cöûa sau back door; sau khi after [something happens] sau cuøng adv. last, last of all sau ñaây adv. below, as follows sau heát adv. finally, last of all sau naøy adv. hereafter, later on sau nöõa adv. moreover; next sau roát adv. last, last of all saùu num. [SV luïc] six: möôøi saùu 16; saùu möôi 60; thöù saùu the sixth, Friday; moät traêm saùu möôi 160; moät traêm leû saùu 106; thaùng saùu the sixth lunar month, June say v., adj. drunken, intoxicated: say röôïu drunk [opp. tænh]; say meâ to be very fond of ñaém v. to be passionately in love with meâ v. to be very fond of naéng n. sunstroke soùng v. to be seasick söa adj., v. very drunk; to be absorbed in [reading, entertainment] saûy 1 n. prickly heat 2 v. to winnow saéc 1 n. (= maøu) color, beauty; look, appearance; sex, women: nguõ saéc the five colors; caûnh saéc view, aspect; thaát saéc to turn pale; nhan saéc beauty; hieáu saéc lustful 2 adj. [of knife] sharp [opp. cuøn]: dao saéc a sharp knife 3 n. royal edict, decree 4 v. to brew medicinal herbs until the liquid is reduced saéc beùn adj. sharp saéc caïnh adj. sharp-edged; sharp, intelligent, clever saéc chæ n. royal decree saéc duïc n. sex, lust saéc ñeïp n. beauty: saéc ñeïp töï nhieân natural beauty saéc leänh n. decree saéc luaät n. decree order saéc phuïc n. formal attire: saéc phuïc ñaïi hoïc academic attire, cap and gown saéc saûo adj. smart, sharp-witted, intelligent saéc thaùi n. aspect, feature saéc thueá n. tax category saéc toá n. pigment saëc 1 v. to choke because one has swallowed food the wrong way 2 v. to give forth a strong smell: saëc muøi röôïu to smell of liquor saëc gaïch v. to vomit blood saëc sôõ adj. flashy, gaudy, colorful: aên maëc aùo quaàn saëc sôõ to dress in colorful clothes saëc suïa v. to smell, to stink of, to reek of saêm n. inner tube, tube saêm loáp n. tire and tube saém v. to buy, to go shopping [furniture, property, jewels]; to prepare: ñi saém baøn gheá to buy furniture saém söûa v. to get ready; to shop, to buy saên v. to hunt: ñi saên to go hunting; choù saên hunting dog, police dog saên baén n. hunting saên baét v. to pursue, to chase saên ñoùn v. to be attentive to say say say say say 211 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH saên soùc saên soùc v. to look after, to take care of saén n. (= khoai mì) manioc, cassava: boät saén saáp ngöûa n. heads or tails saäp 1 n. carved bed, platform 2 v. to collapse: xe saäp mui convertible car tapioca saün adj. ready: saün coù to have ready saâu 1 adj. deep, profound; [of eyes] sunken [opp. noâng]: beà/chieàu saâu depth; ñaøo saâu to saün loøng v., adj. to be disposed or willing to saün saøng v., adj. to be ready to; to be prepared dig deep; hoá saâu deep ditch, deep hole; soâng saâu a deep river 2 n. [SV truøng] worm, insect, saêng n. coffin saèng saëc adj., v. laugh heartily; to giggle pest; decay: saâu rau vegetable insects saép 1 v. to be arranged; to arrange, to put in saâu boï n. insect(s) saâu cay adj. mordant, bitter, caustic order; to set [types chöõ]: saép choã ngoài cho quan khaùch to arrange seats for guests 2 v. saâu hoaém adj. very deep to be about to: saép cheát to be about to die saâu raêng n. tooth decay saép ñaët v. to make arrangements saâu saéc adj. profound saép ñoáng v. to pile up, to head up saâu xa adj. profound, deep [in meaning] saép haøng v. to file in, to line up, to queue up saáu n. crocodile saép haïng v. to classify saàu adj. sad, sorrowful, melancholic: saàu muoän sadness, grief; ña saàu melancholic [by saép saün v. to prepare, to get ready saép söûa v. to get ready [to], to prepare [to]; to nature]; öu saàu worry be about to saàu bi n., adj. grief; grief-stricken saét n. iron: baèng saét made of iron; ñöôøng saét saàu caûm adj. melancholic railroad; tuû saét safe; böùc maøn saét iron curtain saàu khoå adj. sorrowful, unhappy saét caàm n. marital union: saét caàm hoøa hôïp saàu muoän adj. grieved best of luck to newly-weds saàu naõo adj. very sad, deeply grieved saét ñaù adj. tough, indifferent saàu oaùn n. sorrow and rancor saâm n. ginseng: nhaân saâm ginseng root saàu rieâng n. durian saâm banh n. champagne saàu thaûm adj. dejected, downcast, mournful saâm saåm n. dusk, twilight saây adj. scratched: saây saùt abraded, scraped off saám 1 n. thunder 2 n. prophecy: lôøi saám pre- saáy v. to dry over a fire: saáy toùc to dry one’s hair diction, prophecy saày adj. scratched and bruised: saày da to be saàm 1 v. to crash, to clash: ñaâm saàm to bump scratched into 2 v. to become dark saåy v. to take a false step, to slip, to fail: saåy thai to have a miscarriage saàm saäp adj. beating, pelting saàm uaát adj. busy, bustling saåy chaân v. to slip, to take a false step, to saåm n. blind street singer stumble over saãm adj. [of color] dark saåy mieäng v. to make a slip of the tongue saân n. court, yard; athletic field: saân quaàn saåy tay v. to be awkward with the hands, to vôït tennis court; saân vaän ñoäng stadium; saân tröôùc front yard saân saân saân saân saân saân saân banh n. football field, soccer field bay n. airfield, airport chôi n. playground khaáu n. stage [in theater] maùy bay n. airfield, airport quaàn vôït n. tennis court vaän ñoäng n. stadium: saân vaän ñoäng quoác gia the national stadium saán saán saàn saáp v. to dash in, to rush headlong, to hurl soå v. to act violently suøi adj. rough [to feel], lumpy adj. lying on one’s stomach, face down, prone [opp. ngöûa]: maët saáp reverse, tails [of coin] drop something because of inattention saäy n. reed se v. to be almost dry; to shrink, to shrivel se seõ adj. soft, gentle seû 1 v. to share, to divide, to saw up: san seû to share 2 n. sparrow: chim seû sparrow seõ 1 adj. [of voice, emotion] soft, gentle, light 2 adv. shall, will [precedes main verb] seùm v., n. to be burned; crust at the bottom of rice pot [with ñaùnh, caïo to scrape] sen n. lotus: haït sen lotus seed; höông sen lotus fruit, shower head; ngoù sen lotus rootstock seïo n. scar: coù seïo treân maët to have a scar on the face; leân seïo to heal seùt 1 adj., v. (= ræ) rusty; to rust: con dao seùt 212 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH sinh duïc a rusty knife 2 n. clay: ñaát seùt clay 3 n. thunderbolt seà adj. having farrowed; female: lôïn seà sow which has had piglets seân n. snail: oác seân snail seàn seät adj. little thick seânh n. castanets seånh v. to go far away; to be far from public attention seäp v. to sit or lie flat on the ground seät adj. [of mixture, rice gruel] very thick seâu v. [of future bridegroom] to present gifts to one’s parents-in-law seáu n. crane si tình v. to be madly in love sì adj. very black: ñen sì very black sæ v. to buy or sell wholesale: mua giaù sæ to buy at wholesale prices sæ nhuïc adj. dishonorable, shameful sæ vaû v. to dishonor, to insult: sæ vaû ai to insult someone só n. scholar; warrior: keû só scholar; cö só retired scholar or official; aån só retired scholar; baùc só doctor [medical]; chí só revolutionary, scholar; ñaïo só Taoist priest; haøn só needy scholar; hoaï só painter; löïc só athlete; nöõ só woman writer; ngheä só artist; duõng só warrior; nho só Confucian scholar; tieán só doctor [of philosophy, letters, laws, etc.]; thöôïng só warrant officer; trung só sergeant, petty officer; haï só corporal, first class seaman; binh só soldiers, servicemen; vaên só writer; voõ só fighter, boxer, wrestler só dieän n. face, pride: giöõ só dieän to save face só phu n. intellectual, scholar só quan n. officer: haï só quan non-commissioned officer; só quan an ninh security officer; só quan caáp töôùng general officer; só quan caáp uùy company officer, junior officer; só quan coâng binh engineer officer; só quan doanh traïi billeting officer; só quan ñieàu ñoäng deck officer; só quan giaùm khaûo member of an examination board; só quan haønh chính administrative officer; só quan haàu caän aide, orderly officer; só quan lieân laïc liaison officer; só quan phaùo binh gunner officer; só quan phaùt ngaân paymaster, disbursing officer, agent officer; só quan phi coâng, só quan phi haønh flying officer; só quan taøi chính vaø tieáp lieäu finance and supply officer; só quan tham möu staff officer; só quan tham möu phaùo binh ordnance staff officer; só quan thuù y vet- erinary officer; só quan tröïc nhaät officer of the day; só quan thöôøng tröïc watch officer, watch officer in a trench; só quan thaùm thính reconnaissance officer; só quan tuyeån moä recruiting officer; só quan tình baùo intelligence officer; só quan tröø bò reserve officer, range officer; só quan truyeàn tin signal officer só soá n. enrollment total, number of students: só soá lôùp hoïc the number of students in a class só töû n. scholars, candidates at civil service examinations sò v. to frown, to scowl sò maët v. to look surly, to act sullen sæa v. to slip; to tumble: sæa chaân xuoáng hoá to stumble into a hole sieâng adj. diligent, industrious, hardworking sieâng naêng adj. diligent, studious, laborious sieát v. to draw tightly, to tighten, to close: sieát chaët to hug tight sieâu 1 n. kettle, pot: sieâu ñun nöôùc kettle for boiling water 2 adj. super, surpass: sieâu quaù, sieâu vieät super, huge; sieâu thò supermarket; sieâu nhaân superman sieâu aâm thanh n. [of aircraft] supersonic, ultrasonic sieâu ñaúng adj. super sieâu ñoä v. to free [souls] from suffering sieâu hình adj. metaphysical sieâu hình hoïc n. metaphysics sieâu loaïi adj. above the average; super sieâu nhaân n. superman sieâu nhieân adj. supernatural, transcendental sieâu phaøm adj. outstanding, superhuman sieâu quaàn adj. outstanding, superhuman sieâu quoác gia n. superpower nation sieâu thoaùt v. to go beyond usual practices, to be enlightened sieâu vieät adj. surpassing; transcendental sim n. myrtle sinh 1 v. (= ñeû) to be born; to give birth to; to live: nhaø hoä sinh maternity hospital; kyù sinh parasite; phuïc sinh rebirth, Easter; saùt sinh to kill living beings; taùi sinh to come to life again; tröôøng sinh long life; veä sinh hygiene; haäu sinh younger people, younger generation 2 n. student, young man [used in names of occupations or stations of persons]: nöõ (hoïc) sinh schoolgirl; thö sinh student, scholar; moân sinh student, disciple; thí sinh candidate [in exam]; hoïc sinh student, pupil sinh duïc v. to reproduce, to procreate 213 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH sinh ñeû ngoaøi alternate exterior; so le trong alternate sinh ñeû v. to give birth, to have children, to procreate interior sinh haï v. to give birth to sinh hoaù n. biochemistry sinh hoaït 1 v., n. to live; life, existence: giaù so saùnh v. to compare soø n. clam, oyster soï n. skull, brain, craium: soï döøa coconut shell sinh hoaït cost of living; tieâu chuaån sinh hoaït soaøn soaït v. [of silk, paper] to rustle standards of living 2 n. activity: sinh hoaït theå soaïn v. to sort out, to rearrange; to prepare, thao sport activities; sinh hoaït coäng ñoàng community activities sinh hoïc n. biology sinh keá n. means of livelihood sinh linh n. human beings, sacred life sinh löïc n. force, strength, energy sinh lyù n., adj. physiology; physiological sinh lyù hoaù n. biology, physics and chemistry [in pre-medical curriculum] sinh lyù hoïc n. physiology sinh maïng n. human life sinh meänh n. human life sinh ngöõ n. modern language sinh nhai n. to make a living: keá sinh nhai means of livelihood sinh nhaät n. birthday: toå chöùc tieäc sinh nhaät to organize a birthday party sinh nôû v. to have children, to give birth sinh quaùn n. native place, place of birth sinh saûn v. to produce, to reproduce sinh thôøi n. lifetime, life sinh toá n. vitamin sinh toàn v. to exist, to survive sinh tröôûng v. to grow up, to grow, to develop: sinh tröôûng ôû nôi ñoàng queâ to grow up in the countryside sinh töû n. life and death sinh vaät n. living thing sinh vaät hoïc n. biology sinh vieân n. [university] student sính v. to like, to be fond of sính leã n. wedding presents from bridegroom to bride sình 1 adj. marsh, swamp, muddy 2 v. to swell, to distend sình sòch v. [of motor, train] to move suddenly; to throb continuously sít adj. next to each other, very close sòt v. to sniff, to snuffle: suït sòt muõi to snuffle through one’s nose so 1 v. to compare: so caùi naày vôùi caùi khaùc to compare this with the other 2 adj. [of child] first-born so bì v. to compare so le adj. uneven; [of angles] alternate: so le to compile, to write, to compose, to edit; toaø soaïn editor’s office; lôøi toøa soaïn editor’s note; nhaø soaïn kòch playwright; nhaø soaïn nhaïc music composer; soaïn töø ñieån to com- pile a dictionary soaïn giaû giaû n. author, writer, composer, compiler: soaïn giaû cuoán töø ñieån naày the author of this dictionary soaùt v. to check, to verify: kieåm soaùt to check, to control; luïc soaùt to search soùc n. squirrel soùc voïng n. new moon and full moon: thuyû trieàu soùc voïng the spring tides soïc n. stripe: laù côø sao soïc the Stars and Stripes soi v. to illuminate, to light up: soi göông to look at oneself in the mirror soi xeùt v. to examine, to study, to investigate soùi n. wolf: con choù soùi a wolf soùi adj. (= hoùi) bald: soùi ñaàu a bald head soûi n. pebble, gravel, stone: ñöôøng ñaù soûi gravel road soõi adj. [of children, non-native speaker]; clear and fluent: noùi soõi tieáng Anh to speak English fluently soõi ñôøi adj. experienced soïm adj. very old, decrepit son 1 adj. red, ochre, vermilion: ñaùnh moâi son to apply lipstick; sôn son red lacquered; loøng son loyalty 2 adj. [of young couple] still young and childless: caëp vôï choàng son a young and childless couple son phaán n. lipstick and powder, cosmetic son saét adj. loyal, faithful son treû adj. young and vigorous soùn v. to trickle; to dole out, to deal out in small portions soøn soøn adj. [of married woman] highly fertile song 1 adv. (= nhöng maø) but, however 2 n. big rattan 3 n. window: chaán song bar, railing song ñöôøng n. both parents song haønh adj. parallel song le conj. but, however song maõ n. a pair of horses song phöông adj. bilateral: hieäp öôùc song phöông a bilateral treaty 214 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH soáng song song adj. parallel, side by side song thaân n. both parents song thaäp n. Double Ten [Chinese national soá chaún n. even number soá chia n. divider soá daùch n. number one, top notch soá ñen n. bad luck, misfortune holiday, October 10] Song Thaát n. Double Seven [July 7] soá ñoû n. good luck, good fortune song thaát luïc baùt n. the double seven-sixsoá ñoäc ñaéc n. first prize, jackpot [in lottery] eight (7-7-6-8) word meter of Vietnamese soá ñoâng n. majority poetry soá hoïc n. arithmetic song toaøn adj. both complete/perfect soá ít n. singular; minority soùng n. [SV ba] wave: laøn soùng thu thanh soá khoâng num. zero radio wave; soùng aùnh saùng light wave; soùng soá kieáp n. fate, destiny bieán ñieäu modulated waves; soùng cöïc ngaén soá La maõ n. Roman numeral soá laø adv. this is how it all started ultra short waves; soùng doïc longitudinal soá leû n. odd number waves; laøn soùng daøi long waves; soùng ñieän electric waves; soùng ñieän töû electronic waves; soá löôïng n. quantity, amount, number soùng ñöùng stationary vibration; soùng ngaén soá meänh n. fate, destiny short waves; soùng trung bình medium fresoá moät num. number one, first speed quency waves; soùng töø ñieän electromagnetic soá muõ n. exponent waves soá muïc n. number soùng gioù adj. ups and downs, adversity soá nguyeân toá n. prime number soùng soaøi v. [to fall] full flat soá nhaø n. address, house number soùng söôït adj. [to lie] full length: naèm soùng soá nhaân n. multiplier söôït to lie in full length soá nhieàu n. plural: danh töø soá nhieàu plural soùng thaàn n. tidal wave, hurricane nouns soøng n. gambling den: soøng baïc casino soá phaûi chi n. dividend soøng phaúng adj. honest, straightforward soá phaän n. fate, destiny soøng soïc adj. striped; [of look] flashing glares soá thaäp phaân n. decimal number soõng adj. insolent, impolite: noùi buoâng soõng soá thuaät n. astrology not to use the appropriate personal pronouns soá thöông n. quotient soùt v. to omit, to leave out: khoâng boû soùt moät soå 1 n. notebook, register book: soå keá toaùn ngöôøi naøo all of them, without exception account book; ghi vaøo soå to write down in the register book; ñoäi soå to be at the bottom of a raùc wastepaper basket list 2 v. to slip away, to get undone; to escape soâ-coâ-la n. chocolate from: ñaâm soå ra to rush out, to run out soá 1 n. figure, digit, number; sum, amount, soå loøng v. to be just delivered quantity: soá tieàn a sum of money; caây soá soå loâng v. to lose fluff soå ñen n. black list kilometer; baûn soá cardinal number; boäi soá multiple; ña soá majority; caên soá radical; chæ soå muõi v. to have runny nose soá salary index; dö soá remainder; ñònh tuùc soå saùch n. records, books: giöõ soå saùch cho soá quorum; nghieäm soá root [of equation]; ai to keep records for someone phaân soá fraction; ñieåm soá grade; thieåu soá soå tay n. notebook minority; thöông soá quotient; tæ soá ratio; öôùc soå saøng adj. rude, discourteous soá submultiple; ñaïi soá algebra; hoäp soá gear soâi v. to boil: nöôùc soâi boiling water, hot water box; sang soá to change speed, to shift gears; soâi buïng v. to rumble, to have a rumbling belly caàn sang soá gear shift lever; sang soá hai to soâi noåi adj. lively, scandalous, sizzling, exciting change into second gear; voâ soá countless; xoå soài n. oak: caây soài oak tree soá to draw a lottery; lottery; só soá enrollment soàn soàn adj. middle-aged number [students] 2 n. fate, destiny: soá maïng soàn soät adj. [of things not well cooked] crunchy soâng n. [SV giang, haø] stream, river: soâng fate; thaày töôùng soá fortune teller Cöûu Long Mekong River soá AÛ raäp n. Arabic numeral or figure soá bò chia n. dividend soâng ñaøo n. canal soá bò nhaân n. multiplicand soáng 1 v., adj. [SV sinh] to live; to be living, soït n. bamboo basket for fruits, vegetables: soït 215 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH soáng cheát alive [opp. cheát]: baét soáng to catch alive; coøn soáng still living; ñôøi soáng life 2 n. central rib, ridge, spine: xöông soáng spine, backbone 3 adj. to be raw, uncooked, rare [opp. chín]: thòt soáng raw meat soáng soáng soáng soáng soáng soáng cheát n. [matter of] life and death coøn v. to survive, to be vital dao n. back of knife blade laïi v. to be relived, to come to life again löng n. backbone; back maùi adj. decisive: moät traän soáng maùi a decisive battle soáng muõi n. bridge of the nose soáng soùt v. to survive soáng söôïng adj. rude, tactless soáng thaùc n. life and death soáp phô n. [Fr. chauffeur] driver, chauffeur soäp adj. wealthy, rich soát adj. hot; feverish: côn soát attack of fever: caëp soát to take the temperature soát soát soát soát soát soát soät caùch nhaät n. recurring fever deûo adj. fresh from the oven; [of news] hot reùt n. malaria ruoät adj. impatient, anxious saéng adj. eager, zealous thöông haøn n. typhoid fever soaït v. [of paper, starched clothing] to rustle sô adj. elementary, preliminary; distant [opp. thaân]: tröôøng sô caáp an elementary school sô sô sô sô sô sô sô sô sô sô sô sô sô sô sô n. [Fr. sceur] Catholic sister caáp adj. elementary or primary ñaúng adj. elementary or primary ñoà n. outline, diagram, sketch hoïc n. elementary education khai adj. early [times], beginning khaûo n. preliminary examination löôïc v. to outline, to sketch mi n. shirt qua adj. rough, quick saøi adj. simple, modest sinh adj. newly-born sô adv. carelessly, negligently thaûo v. to draft roughly thaåm v., n. to hear and try cases first; first instance: toaø sô thaåm county court sô xuaát adj. careless, lax sô yù adj. careless, negligent, sôù n. request, petition to the king, memorial [with daâng to submit] sôø saãm v. to grope one’s way, to touch sôø soaïng v. to feel, to grope, to touch sôø sôø adj. obvious, evident, as plain as a pikestaff: söï thaät sôø sôø an obvious truth sôû n. place of work, office, bureau; place, prem- ises, headquarters: cô sôû foundations; coâng sôû government office; truù sôû domicile; tröôøng sôû school building, school site; truï sôû headquarters; xöù sôû native country sôû dó conj. if, that is why sôû ñaéc n. one’s skill, one’s knowledge sôû ñoaûn n. weakness, foible, shortcoming sôû höõu v., n. to own, to have; ownership, property sôû khanh n. Don Juan, unfaithful lover, lady killer [CL gaõ, chaøng, thaèng, teân] sôû nguyeän n. wishes, desire sôû phí n. expenses, expenditures sôû quan n. Department; organization: boä sôû quan the department concerned sôû taïi n. [of people, authority] local, resident: nhaân daân sôû taïi the local people sôû thích n. hobby, favorite, interest sôû tröôøng n. strong point, specialty, hobby sôï v. to fear, be afraid [of]: gheâ sôï to dread; kinh sôï to be frightened; lo sôï to worry sôï haõi adj., v. fearful, afraid, to be frightened; to scare sôï seät adj. afraid sôûi n. measles: leân sôûi to have measles sôïi n. thread, fiber, filament, yarn: sôïi chæ thread; sôïi toùc a hair sôùm adv. to be early, soon: cheát sôùm to die young; ñeán sôùm, tôùi sôùm to arrive early; daäy sôùm to get up early, to rise early; caøng sôùm caøng toát/hay the sooner the better sôùm mai n. morning sôùm muoän adv. sooner or later sôùm suûa adj. early sôn 1 v., n. to paint, be painted; paint, lacquer: thôï sôn painter; hai nöôùc sôn two coats of paint; Sôn coøn öôùt! Wet Paint! 2 n. mountain (= nuùi): giang sôn nation; hoaû sôn volcano; xuyeân sôn tunnel; Nguõ hoaønh sôn Five Mountains [in Danang] sôn ca n. lark, nightingale: chim sôn ca lark sôn cöôùc n. [of area, tribe] mountain, high land: mieàn sôn cöôùc mountain area sôn haø n. fatherland, motherland sôn laâm n. mountains and forest sôn maøi n. lacquer: tranh sôn maøi lacquer painting sôn son adj. red lacquered sôn thuyû adj. depicting mountains and waters: 216 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH suùt tranh sôn thuyû landscape, scenery painting shoot; chóa suùng to point a gun [vaøo at]; moät phaùt suùng a gunshot; thuoác suùng gunpowder sôùn saùc adj. panicky sôøn 1 adj. frayed, worn out, threadbare 2 v. to suùng baùn töï ñoäng n. semi-machine gun suùng baén traùi phaù n. howitzer lose heart, to be discouraged sôøn chí adj. discouraged, disheartened suùng coái n. mortar: suùng coái daõ chieán field sôøn loøng adj. discouraged, disheartened mortar; suùng coái phuï chieán trench mortar; sôûn v. to rise, to stand up chaân suùng coái mortar bed sôûn gai oác v. to have goose-bumps suùng coái xay n. machine gun sôûn toùc gaùy v. to cause the hair to stand on suùng ñaïi baùc n. cannon: hai möôi moát phaùt suùng ñaïi baùc chaøo möøng a 21-gun salute end su haøo n. turnip cabbage, kohlrabi suø sì adj. rough suø suï adv. [to cough] repeatedly and loudly suûa v. [of dog] to bark suaát n. (= xuaát) portion, part, rate, ration; amount, percentage; performance, run [at theater]: hoái suaát exchange rate; suaát thöôøng leä 9 giôø regular performance at 9; ñònh suaát specified amount, fixed rate suùc 1 n. bale, bundle, billet, log, roll [of timber]: moät suùc goã a log of timber 2 v. to rinse: suùc mieäng to rinse one’s mouth; suùc chai to rinse a bottle suùc saéc n. dice: chôi suùc saéc to throw or cast the dice, to play craps suùc sinh n. beast, animals [as distinguished from man] suùc tích adj. concise, terse suïc v. to search [premises] suïc saïo v. to search sui adj. (= thoâng gia) to be allied through marriage bonds: oâng baø sui parents of son/ daughter-in-law suøi v. to break out, to erupt [of rash]; to foam: saàn suøi to be rough suûi v. to bubble: suûi boït to boil up, to seethe sum hoïp v. [of family, couple] to gather, to be united suùn adj. [of tooth] decayed suùn raêng n., adj. decaying teeth, toothless suïn n. cartilage sung n. sycamore, fig sung chöùc v. to assume one’s duties sung coâng v. to confiscate, to seize sung maõn v., adj. to be complete, abundant sung söùc v. to be in top shape, to be in full strength sung söôùng adj. happy sung tuùc adj. well-off, wealthy, well supplied suùng n. gun, rifle, firearm: baùng suùng stock; coø suùng butt; noøng suùng barrel; mieäng suùng muzzle; naïp suùng to load a gun; baén suùng to suùng suùng suùng suùng suùng suùng suùng suùng suùng ñaïn n. ammunition; warfare, war hôi n. compressed air rifle khoâng daät n. recoilless gun luïc n. six shooter, pistol lieân thanh n. machine gun maùy n. machine gun; automatic rifle saùu n. six shooter, pistol saên n. shotgun, sporting gun tröôøng n. rifle: suùng tröôøng baén phaùt moät magazine rifle suùng töï ñoäng n. automatic gun suøng v. to believe in; to be a devout follower [of a religion]: suøng ñaïo Phaät to believe in Buddhism suøng baùi v. to revere, to worship, to idolize suûng aùi v. to love; to confer favor on suõng adj. soaked and wet suoái n. [SV tuyeàn] stream, spring, brook: chín suoái Hades; treøo ñeøo laën suoái to climb up hill and down dale; nöôùc suoái mineral water suoái nöôùc noùng n. hot spring suoái vaøng n. Hades suoâng adj. plain, tasteless, empty, useless: höùa suoâng hollow promise; noùi suoâng empty words suoàng saõ v. to be too familiar, to be rude/ impolite: cö xöû suoàng saõ vôùi phuï nöõ to behave in a too-familiar way with women suoát 1 n. quill, spindle, bobbin [weaving] 2 adv. through, through out, all… long: suoát ngaøy all day long; suoát naêm throughout the year; saùng suoát clear-sighted, enlightened, wise suoát ñôøi n. a whole life suùp n. [Fr. soupe] soup suùp de n. [Fr. chaudiere] boiler suïp v. to fall in, to collapse; to prostrate oneself suïp ñoã v. to fall, to collapse suùt 1 v. to diminish, to drop, to decrease, to get thinner; to decline, to lose: suùt caân to lose weight 2 v. to slip, to split 217 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH suùt keùm Sö phaïm Faculty of Pedagogy, College of suùt keùm v. to fail, to decline Education suùt ngöôøi v. to lose strength, to lose weight suït v. [of price, temperature] to drop; [of ground] sö phuï n. master, teacher sö töû n. lion; unicorn: sö töû caùi lioness; sö töû to cave in; to lower [value] suït giaù v. to devaluate, to lower prices: suït giaù con lion cub; muùa sö töû lion dance; muõi sö töû ñeå baùn khuyeán maõi to lower prices during short and flat nose a sale suy 1 v. to think carefully, to consider, to deduce 2 v. to decline, to weaken [opp. thònh] suy bì v., adj. to compare with; jealous: suy bì sö töû Haø ñoâng n. jealous wife söù 1 n. china, porcelain: baùt söù porcelain bowl; ñoà söù chinaware 2 n. (= ñaïi) frangipani: caây hoa söù frangipani 3 n. envoy, ambassador: ñaïi söù ambassador; thieân söù angel; coâng söù minister; ñaëc söù special envoy; quyû söù devil vôùi ai to compare one person with another suy suy suy suy chuyeån v. to change, to move dieãn v. to deduce [result], to infer ñoaùn v. to guess, to deduce [result] ñoài v. to degenerate, to decline, to deteriorate suy suy suy suy suy suy suy ñoán adj. worse off giaûm v. to decline, to decrease, to reduce loaïi v. to argue by analogy luaän v. to reason nghó v. to think, to ponder, to reflect nghieäm v. to experimemt nguyeân v. to reconstruct; to trace origin söù boä n. delegation, mission söù ñoà n. apostle söù giaû n. envoy, messenger, ambassador söù maïng n. mission, task söù meänh n. mission, task söù quaùn n. embassy: nhaân vieân söù quaùn Myõ officials of the U.S. embassy söù thaàn n. minister; envoy, ambassador: söù thaàn toaøn quyeàn minister plenipotentiary söû n. history: lòch söû history; daõ söû historical novel; kinh söû the Classics and the books of history; tieåu söû biography suy nhöôïc adj. weakening, weak: cô theå suy söû duïng v. to employ, to use nhöôïc a weakening body söû gia n. historian suy roäng v. to generalize söû hoïc n. history [the study] suy suyeån v. to be stolen, to be harmed: söû kyù n. history khoâng suy suyeãn to be intact söû lieäu n. historical documents suy taøn v. to decline, to fade out söû löôïc n. outline of history suy tính v. to think, to calculate söû quan n. historiographer suy toân v. to venerate, to honor, to proclaim söû xanh n. history book suy töôûng v. to think over, to ponder söï n. affair, event, thing, matter, business suy vong n., v. decadence; to fall into (= vieäc); CL for nouns denoting actions, decadence events, state, etc.: binh söï military affairs; suy xeùt v. to examine, to consider daân söï civil; ña söï meddlesome; ñaïi söï big suy yeáu v., adj. to weaken; weak thing, important matter; ñoàng söï colleague, co-worker; hình söï criminal affairs; laõnh söï suyeãn n., v. asthma; to have asthma sö 1 n. [SV taêng] Buddhist monk: nhaø sö monk; consul; lyù söï argumentative; lòch söï elegant, sö nöõ Buddhist nun 2 n. (= thaày) teacher, urbane; nhieãu söï troublesome; phaän söï master: giaùo sö university professor; full duty, function; phuïng söï to serve; sinh söï to professor; muïc sö pastor, minister; giaûng provoke [quarrel]; taâm söï to confide in; theá sö assistant professor; giaùo sö dieãn giaûng söï things in the world; thôøi söï current events; visiting professor; danh sö famous teacher vaïn söï everything; voâ söï well, all right; söï buoân baùn trade, commerce 3 n. division [in army]: sö ñoaøn tröôûng chief division söï kieän n. fact, event sö ñeä n. master and pupil, teacher and student söï nghieäp n. task, work, job, career [relationship] söï thaät n. (= söï thöïc) truth: noùi leân söï thaät sö ñoaøn n. [army] division, corps to tell the truth sö huynh n. brother söï theå n. matters, affairs: söï theå nhö theá naøy sö phaïm n. pedagogy: Tröôøng Quoác gia things are as follows Sö phaïm National Normal School; Ñaïi hoïc söï tích n. the facts, story of [something] 218 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH söï söï söï söï tình n. events, facts, circumstances, details traïng n. state of affairs vaät n. things vuï n. affairs: Vieãn Ñoâng Söï Vuï Far ta söøng n. [SV giaùc] horn, antler: moïc söøng to be a cuckold; caém söøng to cuckold Eastern affairs; chaùnh söï vuï chief of service; ñoång lyù söï vuï director of service söùa n. medusa, jellyfish söûa v. [SV tu] to repair, to fix, to mend, to correct: söûa laïi to mend, to change, to alter söûa chöõa v. to repair, to fix: söûa chöõa nhaø cho ai to repair one’s house söûa ñoåi v. to change, to amend, to modify söûa loãi v. to correct mistakes söûa mình v. to mend one’s ways; to correct oneself söûa sang v. to alter, to improve, to renovate söûa soaïn v. to prepare, to get ready söõa n. milk: caø pheâ söõa coffee with milk, white coffee; raêng söõa milk teeth, first teeth; vaét söõa to milk; boø söõa milk-cow; quaû vuù söõa milk apple; chai söõa bottle of milk; ngöôøi ñöa söõa milkman söõa boø n. cow’s milk söõa boät n. powdered milk söõa chua n. yogurt söõa deâ n. goat’s milk söõa ñaëc n. condensed milk: pha caø-pheâ söõa baèng söõa ñaëc to add condensed milk to coffee söõa meï n. mother’s milk söõa töôi n. fresh milk söùc n. [SV löïc] force, strength, power; heát söùc to go to the limit of one’s power, to do one’s best; laïi söùc to recover one’s strength; coù söùc strong; coá söùc to try, to endeavor, to make efforts; giuùp söùc to help; heát söùc exhausted; quaù söùc excessively; ra söùc to exert one’s strength söùc ñaåy n. thrust [as of propeller chaân vòt], pressure [as of wind gioù]; buoyancy [as of water nöôùc]: söùc ñaåy cuûa gioù wind pressure söùc hoïc n. ability [of a student]; educational background söùc khoûe n. health söùc löïc n. force, strength söùc maïnh n. strength; force, power söùc naëng n. weight söùc neùn n. pressure söùc noùng n. heat söïc 1 adv. suddenly [precedes main verb] 2 v. [of smell] to spread, to penetrate söng v. to be swollen söng sæa v. to pull a long face söøng soû adj. willful, truculent, reckless söøng soä v. to threaten [especially with strong voice] söøng söõng adj. standing motionless: ñöùng söøng söõng to stand motionless söûng v. to be astonished, to be stupefied söûng soát v. to be stupefied, to be stunned söõng adj. motionless with surprise söôûi v. to warm oneself; to bask oneself [in the sun naéng]; loø söôûi fireplace söôøn n. rib; flank, side, slope: xöông söôøn rib; caïnh söôøn flank; söôøn xaøo chua ngoït sweet and sour spare ribs; söôøn lôïn pork chop söông söông söông söông söông söôùng n. frost, dew mai n. morning frost moùc n. dew muø n. fog, mist muoái n. hoar-frost, white frost adj. happy, elated, satisfied: sung söôùng happy; söôùng maét to be pleasing to one’s eyes; söôùng mieäng to be pleasing to one’s mouth söôïng 1 adj. [of rice, potatoes] half cooked 2 adj. embarrassed, ashamed: söôïng maët, söôïng suøng, soáng söôïng to be crude, impudent söôùt v. to touch lightly; to scratch, to graze söôùt möôùt adv. to cry bitterly söùt v., adj. to be broken, cracked, notched, chipped söùt moâi v. to have a harelip söu n. taxes, head taxes: ñoùng söu to pay taxes; söu cao thueá naëng heavy taxes; heavy taxation söu taàm v. to look for, to search for; to gather [documents, data]: söu taàm taøi lieäu veà xuaát khaåu to search for export data söu taäp v., n. to gather, to collect; collection: söu taäp tem stamp collection söu thueá n. taxes T ta n. I [used by person talking or thinking to 219 oneself]; I [arrogant, second person pronoun being ngöôi]; we [including hearer]: chuùng ta (= chuùng mình, mình); ngöôøi ta our people, they; nöôùc ta our country; tieáng ta our language, Vietnamese [as opp. to French tieáng Taây]; quaàn aùo ta Vietnamese clothes [as VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH ta thaùn opp. to French clothes quaàn aùo Taây]; côm ta Vietnamese food [as opp. to French food côm Taây]; thuoác ta Sino-Vietnamese medicine [as opp. to western medicine thuoác Taây] ta thaùn v. to complain taù 1 n. (= loá) dozen: nöûa taù half a dozen; moät taù tröùng a dozen eggs 2 n. field officer, senior officer: ñaïi taù colonel; trung taù lieutenantcolonel; thieáu taù major; töôùng taù high-ranking officers; só quan caáp taù field officer; senior officer taù ñieàn n. tenant farmer taù tuùc v. to stay at someone’s house taø 1 n. flap [of dress]: taø aùo daøi a flap of the long dress 2 adj. to be crooked; wicked, dishonest, unjust, heretical, evil [opp. chính]: gian taø treacherous; tröø taø to ward off evil spirits; caûi taø qui chính to mend one’s ways taø daâm adj. lustful, lewd, obscene taø döông n. sunset taø ñaïo n. heterodoxy, paganism, unrighteous path taø giaùo n. heterodoxy, paganism taø ma n. evil spirits taø taø adv. slowly and leisurely: laøm vieäc taø taø to work slowly and leisurely taø taâm n. evil mind taø thaàn n. evil spirit taø thuaät n. black magic, witchcraft taø thuyeát n. heterodoxy taû 1 v. to describe, to depict: moâ taû phong caûnh to describe a scene; dieãn taû to express 2 adj. (= traùi) left-hand side: beân taû on the left-hand side; khuynh taû leftist; cöïc taû extreme left 3 adj. [of clothes] to be ragged, torn taû bieân n. outside left [soccer player] taû chaân adj., n. to be realistic; realist [in literature] taû döïc adj. left wing taû khuynh adj. leftist: thaønh phaàn taû khuynh leftist group taû ngaïn n. left bank of a river taû thöïc adj. See taû chaân taû tôi adj. to be ragged: ñaùnh taû tôi to beat someone hollow taõ 1 n. diaper; rags, nappy: thay taõ to change nappy 2 v. to be worn out taï 1 n. picul [equivalent to 100 catties or 100 kilograms] 2 n. dumb-bell, weight, shot [athletics]: cöû taï weight-lifting; neùm taï shot-put 3 v. to thank someone or to excuse oneself: caûm taï to thank; ña taï many thanks taï theá v. to die, to pass away taùc chieán v. to be in action against, to be in operation taùc ñoäng v. to act upon, to have effect on, to have influence on duïng n. action; effect giaû n. author, writer haïi v. to damage, to hurt nhaân n. agent phaåm n. work: taùc phaåm vaên chöông literary work taùc phong n. manners, conduct, behavior: taùc phong ñöùng ñaén right conduct taùc quyeàn n. copyright, royalty: taùc quyeàn thuoäc veà taùc giaû copyright by the author taùc thaønh v. to help a young couple get married taùc vaên n. essay writing taùc xaï n. fire: nhieäm vuï taùc xaï fire mission; quan saùt taùc xaï observation of fire; ñieàu chænh taùc xaï adjustment of fire, ranging; söï ñuùng möùc cuûa taùc xaï accuracy of fire; só quan taùc xaï gun position officer, range officer; theå thöùc taùc xaï classification of fire taïc v. to carve, to sculpt [statue töôïng]: taïc töôïng to carve a statue; ghi taïc to engrave, to remember taïc daï v. to engrave on one’s mind taïc ñaïn n. hand-grenade, explosive taùch 1 n. [Fr. tasse] cup: moät taùch caø pheâ a cup of coffee 2 v. to split, to separate, to divide: taùch laøm naêm phaàn to divide into five parts taùch baïch adj. clear-cut, distinct taïch n. pow! [sound of firecracker] tai 1 n. [SV nhó] ear: ræ tai to whisper; hoa tai earring; ñieác tai deaf, deafening; naëng tai hard of hearing; thính tai to have sharp ears; ngoaùy tai to clean or pick the ears; raùy tai recumen, earwax; maøng tai tymparum, eardrum; ñau tai ear-ache, otalgia; vaønh tai external ear, pinna; Tai vaùch maïch röøng. Walls have ears. 2 n. calamity, catastrophe: thieân tai natural disaster; hoaû tai fire; thuyû tai flood tai aùc adj. mischievous; malicious tai aùch n. disaster tai bieán n. calamity, catastrophe tai haïi adj. damaging, disastrous tai hoaï n. scourge, disaster tai maét n. notable figure, a very important person [VIP] tai naïn n. accident, disaster, calamity: tai naïn xe hôi a car accident taùc taùc taùc taùc taùc 220 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tam taïng tai ngöôïc adj. perverse: con ngöôøi tai ngöôïc taø taøi a perverse person taøi tai quaùi adj. mischievously wicked taøi tai tieáng n. bad reputation taøi tai öông n. scourge, disaster taøi tai vaï n. disaster, plague taøi taùi 1 adj. pale: maët taùi meùt very pale face; taùi taøi maët to have a pale face 2 adj. [of meat] rare, taøi half-cooked, half-done: phôû boø taùi half-done taøi beef soup national property taùi baûn v. to republish, to reprint, to re-issuse [new edition] khoaû khoaûn thö thö ñie ieään töû t n. email account lieäu n. document, data, materials löïc n. finances, resources maïo n. talent and personality naêng n. talent, ability ngheä n. art, artistic talent nguyeân n. resources phieät n. rich person saûn n. property, estate: taøi saõn quoác gia taùi buùt n. post script [PS] [at the end of letter] taùi caáp v. to renew [scholarship]: taùi caáp giaáy taøi saéc n. talent and beauty taøi tình adj. clever, very skillful taøi töû n. actor, actress, star; amateur: taøi töû xi- neâ movie stars pheùp kinh doanh to renew a business license taøi vuï n. department of finance taùi cöû v. to re-elect, to return for another term taùi dieãn v. to happen again, to perform again taùi ñaêng v. to re-enlist [army] taùi giaù v. [of widow or divorcee] to re-marry taùi hoài v. to return, to go back taùi hôïp v. to meet again, to re-unite taùi lai v. to return taùi laäp v. to re-establish, to restore taùi nguõ v. to re-engage in army, to re-enlist taùi phaïm v. to repeat an offense, to relapse into crime taùi phaùt v. to re-appear, to recur taùi sinh v. to be reborn, to regenerate taùi taïo v. to recreate, to restore, to establish taøi xeá n. driver, chauffeur taûi 1 n. bag: bao taûi gunny sack 2 v. to carry, to transport: vaän taûi to transport taûi leâ taû leân v. to upload taûi thöông v. to transport the wounded: maùy bay tröïc thaêng taûi thöông casualty helicopter taûi xuoá taû xuoáng ng v. to download taïi 1 prep. (= ôû) at, in: hieän taïi at present; taïi Vieät Nam in Vietnam 2 conj. because; because of taïi chöùc v., adj. to be in the office, in-service: lôùp hoïc taïi chöùc in-service course taïi ñaøo v., adj. to be in flight; escaping from taïi gia adv. at home: tu taïi gia to practice again Buddhism at home fiscal year sions of the Pali Canon taùi theá n. second life, rebirth taøi 1 n., adj. talent, skill, genius, proficiency; taïi ngoaïi v. to be on bail taïi nguõ v. to be in service [military] gifted, to be talented: ngöôøi coù taøi a gifted tam num. (= ba) three: ñeä tam the third grade person; anh taøi talent, genius; baát taøi incatam baûn n. sampan tam baønh n. wrath, tantrum pable; ñaïi taøi great talent; kyø taøi talent; thieân taøi genius; endowment; nhaân taøi talent, tam baûo n. Buddhist Trinity tam caù nguyeät n. quarter, three terms talented person 2 n. driver, chauffeur: taøi xeá taéc taxi driver tam cöông n. three fundamental bonds [prince taøi ba n. refined talent and minister quaân thaàn; father and son phuï töû; husband and wife phu phuï] taøi baøn n. type of card game using 120 cards taøi binh v. to reduce armanents, to disarm tam ñaïi n. three generations taøi boài v. to care for, to foster tam ñieåm n. Free Mason taøi caùn n. talent, ability tam ñoaïn luaän n. syllogism taøi chính n. finances: thieát laäp coâng ty taøi tam giaùc n. triangle chính to establish a finance company tam giaùo n. the three traditional religions in Vietnam [Buddhism Phaät, Taoism Laõo, and taøi coâng n. driver, chauffeur, steersman taøi ñöùc n. talent and virtue Confucianism Khoång] taøi giaûm v. to reduce, to cut down tam hôïp n. mortar, three compounds taøi hoa n. talent, ability tam quan n. three-entrance gate taøi khoaù n. fiscal year: soaïn baûn töôøng trình tam taøi adj. tri-colored taøi khoaù naêm nay to write the report for this tam taïng n. the three pitakas, or main divi221 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tam theå tam theå adj. [of cat] tri-colored tam toøng n. women’s three obligations taøn höông n. freckles taøn khoác adj. cruel, devastating, highly [Confucian virtues] destructive taùm num. [SV baùt] eight: thöù taùm eighth; möôøi taøn nhaãn adj. ruthless, atrocious, merciless, taùm 18; taùm möôi 80; moät traêm taùm möôi 180; moät traêm leû taùm 108; thaùng taùm eighth heartless: nhöõng haøng ñoäng taøn nhaãn ruthless actions lunar month, August taøn phaù v. to destroy, to demolish taøm taïm adj. reasonable taøn pheá adj. crippled, disabled taïm adj. provisional, temporary [precedes or taøn saùt v. to massacre, to slaughter, to murder follows main verb]: baèng laùi xe taïm thôøi pro- taøn taï v. to fade, to wither, to wane visional driving license taøn taät adj. physically handicapped taïm bieät v. to say good-bye to someone, to part taøn tích n. vestiges, traces taûn v. to be dispersed temporarily with someone taïm bôï adj. temporary, unsettled, by maketaûn boä v. to stroll, to take a walk shift: soáng taïm bôï to live by makeshift taûn cö v. to evacuate, to disperse taïm thôøi adj., adv. temporary, provisional; tem- taûn maùt v., adj. to be scattered porarily, for the time being taûn vaên n. prose taïm truù v. to stay provisionally tang 1 n. booty, plunder, stolen goods; evidence, proof: bò baét quaû tang caught in the taïm öùng v. to pay in advance tan v. to dissolve, to melt; to disperse, to disact 2 n. [SV taùng] mourning: ñeå tang to be integrate: ñöôøng tan trong nöôùc sugar disin mourning; heát tang end of mourning; ñaùm tang funeral; cöôùi chaïy tang wedding which solved in water tan hoang v., adj. to be completely destroyed; takes place earlier than scheduled because somebody in either family is going to die devastated tan naùt adj. smashed, destroyed, ruined com- tang cheá n. mourning and burial rituals tang chöùng n. evidence, proof pletely tan raõ v. to disintegrate tang ñieàn n. mulberry field tan taønh adj. broken up, smashed to pieces tang gia n. the bereaved family, family in tan taàm v. to end a shift mourning tan vôõ adj. broken, smashed tang leã n. funeral: döï tang leã ai to attend one’s funeral taùn 1 v. to flatter, to coax; to court; to praise: taùn gaùi to court a girl 2 v. to grind, to crush: tang phuïc n. mourning clothes taùn gaïo to grind rice 3 n. parasol, sunshade tang taûng n., adv. early in the morning taùn chuyeän v. to chat, to talk idly tang thöông adj. wretched, miserable taùn doùc v. to chat tang toùc n. death and grief taùn döông v. to praise, to laud tang vaät n. piece of material, evidence taùn ñoàng v. to approve, to agree taùng v. to bury: mai taùng to bury; hoaû taùng to cremate; nhaø taùng catafalque; quoác taùng taùn loaïn v. to flee in confusion taùn maïn adj. scattered state funeral taùn thaùn n. exclamation taùng taän v. to lose completely taùn thaønh v. to approve [of], to be in favor of taøng hình adj. invisible taùn tænh v. to coax, to wheedle taøng taøng adj. little crazy taùn trôï v. to aid, to assist taøng tröõ v. to hide, to conceal; to keep, to taøn 1 n. ashes; remains, residue: taøn thuoác laù preserve taûng 1 n. slab, block 2 v. to pretend, to feign: cigarette ashes; caùi gaït taøn thuoác ash tray 2 v. to crumble, to fade; to be dying; to decay: giaû taûng to pretend caét ñi nhöõng hoa taøn to trim off crumbling taûng lôø v. to pretend not to know flowers taûng saùng n., adv. early in the morning taøn aùc adj. cruel taïng n. constitution; visera: nguõ taïng the five visera [heart taâm, liver gan, stomach tyø, lungs taøn baïo adj. cruel, tyrannical taøn binh n. remnants [of an army] pheá, kidney thaän] taøn haïi v. to cause damage, to do harm tanh 1 adj. smelling like a fish 2 adv. absolute222 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tay trong ly, quite [used with buoàn sad, dull, nguoäi cold, vaéng desolate, deserted]: caûnh buoàn tanh an absolutely sad scene tanh baønh adj. disastrous, disorderly tanh hoâi adj. stinking, smelly taùnh n. See tính taïnh v. [of rain] to stop; to stop raining tao pron. I, me [arrogant or familiar, second person pronoun being maøy] tao ñaøn n. literary group tao khaùch n. poet, writer tao loaïn n. trouble, warfare tao ngoä v. to meet by chance, to encounter tao nhaõ adj. refined, cultured, elegant tao nhaân n. poet, writer taùo 1 n. apple: röôïu taùo apple cider; nöôùc taùo apple juice 2 v. to be constipated: taùo boùn constipated taùo baïo adj. reckless, daring taùo quaân n. Kitchen God taùo tôïn adj. bold, daring taûo adj. R early (= sôùm) taûo v. R to sweep (= queùt) taûo hoân v. to marry at a young age [as a teen] taûo moä v. to clean and decorate the ancestral graves: leã taûo moä memorial day taûo thanh v. to mop up taïo v. to create, to make: oâng Taïo, con Taïo the creator; caûi taïo to reform; caáu taïo to form, to make up; cheá taïo to make, to manufacture; ñaøo taïo to train, to form; giaû taïo artificial; nguïy taïo to falsify; nhaân taïo artificial, man-made; thieân taïo natural; tu taïo to rebuild; taùi taïo to remake; taân taïo newlymade taïo hoaù n. the creator, nature taïo laäp v. to create, to establish: taïo laäp moät cô sôû saõn xuaát to establish a production company taïo phaûn v. to rebel taïo taùc n. construction, public works taïo thaønh v. to create taïo vaät n. nature, creator taùp v. to snatch, to snap at taùp nham adj. hodgepodge, jumbled up taïp adj. mixed, miscellaneous; poor quality: hoãn taïp miscellaneous taïp chí n. review, magazine, journal: taïp chí kinh teá economic review taïp dòch n. old jobs taïp hoaù n. sundry goods, grocery: cöûa haøng taïp hoaù AÙ chaâu Asian grocery store taïp nhaïp adj. mixed, trifling: haøng taïp nhaïp trifling goods taïp thu n. miscellaneous income taïp vuï n. odd job/services taùt 1 v., n. to slap; slap: taùt moät caùi vaøo maët to give a slap on one’s face, to slap one’s face 2 v. to irrigate, to scoop, to bail out [water]: taùt nöôùc vaøo ruoäng to irrigate the fields taùt tai v. to slap taùt traùi v. to slap with the back of one’s hand taït 1 v. to stop at, to drop in 2 v. [of rain] to lash, to sting, to slap taøu 1 n. ship, boat: taøu thuyû ship; taøu hoaû train; taøu ñieän tram, streetcar; taøu bay airplane; beán taøu sea-port 2 n. stable: taøu ngöïa horse stable 3 n. big long leaf: taøu laù chuoái a long banana leaf Taøu n. China, Chinese: nöôùc Taøu China; ngöôøi/tieáng Taøu Chinese taøu bay n. (= maùy bay) airplane taøu beø n. craft, vessels, ships taøu boø n. tank taøu buoân n. merchant ship taøu chieán n. warship taøu ñieän n. streetcar, tram taøu hoaû n. train taøu ngaàm n. submarine taøu thuyû n. ship, liner tay n. [SV thuû] hand, arm; handle; sleeve: chaân tay limbs; baøn tay hand; ngoùn tay finger; moùng tay finger-nail; caùnh tay arm; khuyûu tay, cuøi tay elbow; gang tay span; coå tay wrist; naém tay fist; khaên tay handkerchief; soå tay notebook; ví tay handbag; chaép tay to join hands; chæ tay to point; chia tay to part; khoanh tay to fold one’s arms; mau tay, nhanh tay nimble, agile; saåy tay to drop inadvertently; vaãy tay to wave hands; voã tay to clap hands, to applaud; xoa tay to rub one’s hands tay aùo n. sleeve: xaén tay aùo leân to roll up sleeves tay ba n. trio, tripartite tay ñoâi n. duo, bilateral tay khoâng n. empty hands tay laùi n. tiller, steering wheel, handlebar tay maët n. right hand tay phaûi n. right hand tay sai n. lackey, servant, puppet tay traùi n. left hand tay traéng adj. empty handed, penniless tay trong n. inside influence; inside information; fifth column 223 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tay vòn tay taùy taøy taøy taøy taéc vòn n. handrail maùy adj., v. curious; to twiddle taét 1 v. [of fire, lamp] to be extinguished; to extinguish, to turn off: taét ñeøn to turn off the light; taét thôû to die; daäp taét löûa to put a fire out 2 adj. to be shortened, abbreviated, brief: vaén taét in a shortened way, summary; ñöôøng taét short cut; toùm taét to summarize; chöõ taét abbreviation; vieát taét to abbreviate taéc principle; pheùp taéc rules and regulations; taét kinh v. to stop bleeding politeness; qui taéc rule 3 adj. stopped up, taét maét adj. kleptomaniac taác n. one tenth of a meter, decimeter; inch obstructed; to be blocked up, deadlocked taéc keø n. chameleon, gecko taâm n. (= tim) heart; mind; center: ñeå taâm vaøo/ñeán/tôùi to pay attention to, to concentrate taéc ngheõn adj. blocked up, obstructed taéc xi n. [Fr. taxi] taxi cab on; nhaãn taâm unanimously; chuyeân taâm taëc n. (= giaëc) rebel, enemy: phaûn taëc rebel; assiduous, diligent; ñoàng taâm in agreement; haûi taëc pirate ñang taâm to have the heart to; haûo taâm taêm 1 n. air bubble, trace: bieät taêm, baët taêm no kindness; kieân taâm patient; löông taâm consign of life 2 n. toothpick science; löu taâm attentive, mindful; nhaát taâm taêm hôi n. trace [of missing person], news undivided heart; voâ taâm heartless, careless; taém v. to bathe: buoàng/phoøng taém bathroom; trung taâm center ñi taém to have a bath or shower taâm beänh n. mental disorder, mental illness taém giaët v. to have a bath and wash one’s taâm chí n. will, determination clothes too taâm ñòa n. heart, mind, nature taém naéng v. to sunbathe taâm giao n. [of friend] close, intimate: baïn taâm taém röûa v. to wash oneself giao a close friend taèm n. silkworm: ngheà chaên taèm sericulture taâm hoàn n. soul [of living person]: taâm hoàn trong traéng innocent, pure soul taêng 1 v. to increase, to raise: gia taêng to increase [opp. giaûm] 2 n. [Fr. Tank] tank: xe taâm huyeát adj. heartfelt, intimate taêng tank 3 n. Buddhist monk: baàn taêng a taâm khaûm n. the bottom of one’s heart poor monk taâm linh n. spirit taêng cöôøng v. to strengthen, to reinforce taâm löïc n. energy, will taêng ñoà n. Buddhist clergy taâm lyù n., adj. psychology; psychological: taêng gia v. to grow, to cultivate, to raise chieán tranh taâm lyù psychological warfare taêng giaù v. to raise the prices taâm lyù hoïc n. psychology [the science] taêng löõ n. clergy taâm ngaåm adj. deceitful, underhanded, taciturn taêng ni n. Buddhist monks and nuns taâm nhó n. auricle taêng tieán v. to progress, to make headway, to taâm nieäm v. to think of constantly, to ponder taâm phuùc adj. [of friend] intimate, trustworthy, improve reliable: baïn taâm phuùc a reliable friend taêng vieän v. to increase reinforcements taèng n. See taàng taâm söï n., v. confidences; to confide: baïn taâm söï confidant friend; giaõi baøy taâm söï to tell taèng tòu v. to have a love affair one’s confidences taèng toå n. great-grandparent taèng toå maãu n. great-grandmother taâm thaàn n. soul, thought, mind taèng toå phuï n. great-grandfather taâm thaát n. ventricle taèng toân n. great-grandchild taâm tính n. character, disposition, nature taëng v. to offer as a gift: taëng quaø cho ai to taâm tình n. sentiments, feelings offer someone a present; thaân taëng, kính taâm traïng n. state of mind, mood taëng to… with one’s compliments taâm trí n. mind taëng phaåm n. gift, present: gôûi taëng phaåm taâm tö n. idea, thought, anxieties cho ai to send a gift to someone taám 1 n. broken grains of rice 2 n. classifier for bolts, pieces of cloth, boards, mirrors, tickets, taëng thöôûng v. to be awarded pictures, photographs: taám hình a photo; taám taép 1 adj. straight: con ñöôøng thaúng taép a göông examples; taám loøng hearts straight road 2 v. to be washed ashore adj., v. equal to; to compare ñình adj. [of crime] very big, very serious trôøi adj. considerable, important 1 v. to cluck, to click: taéc löôõi to click one’s tongue 2 n. rule, principle, standard: nguyeân 224 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH taän tuî taân xuaân n. new spring, New Year: Cung chuùc taám beù n. childhood taám taéc v. to lavish praise; to smack the Taân xuaân! Happy New Year! tongue as a sign of admiration taàm 1 v. (= tìm) to search for, to look for, to seek; to investigate: söu taàm to do research 2 n. siren; shift: tan taàm end of a shift 3 n. range, scope; degree, level: taàm maét range of vision; taàm quan troïng the degree of importance taàm baäy adv., adj. wrongly, haphazardly; without training taàm baäy taàm baï adj. See taàm baäy taàm göûi n. mistletoe taàm naõ v. to hunt for, to track down taàm phaøo adj. idle, useless: chuyeän taàm phaøo idle story taàm taõ adj. pouring; melting in tears taàm thöôùc adj. average, medium high taàm thöôøng adj. ordinary, common, commonplace: nhöõng con ngöôøi taàm thöôøng ordinary people taàm voùc n. stature, status taàm voâng n. vulgar bamboo taàm xuaân n. dog-rose, briar taåm v. to soak, to marinate: taåm thuoác vaøo boâng to soak cotton in medicine taåm boå v. to strengthen; to eat nourishing food, to feed up taân (= môùi) 1 adj. virgin; new [opp. cöïu]: gaùi taân virgin girl; phaù taân to deflower; toái taân modern, up to date 2 n. guest, visitor: buoåi tieáp taân reception; leã taân protocol taân binh n. recruit Taân Ñeà Li n. New Delhi Taân Gia Ba n. Singapore taân gia nhaân n. new bride [newly married] taân giaùo n. Protestantism taân hoïc n. modern/western education [as opp. to traditional education cöïu hoïc] taân hoân adj. newly-wed: ñeâm taân hoân wedding night taân khaùch n. guest taân khoa n. new graduate taân khoå n. sorrow, grief, hardship, adversity; misfortune taân kyû nguyeân n. new era taân lang n. bridegroom Taân Taây Lan n. New Zealand Taân Theá Giôùi n. the new world taân thôøi adj. modern, advanced, progressive Taân Öôùc n. New Testament taân vaên n. prose; modern literature taán 1 n. metric ton 2 v. [Chinese boxing] to stand firm 3 n. classifier for plays: taán tuoàng, taán kòch play, drama taán coâng v. to attack, to assault, to launch offensive attack taán phong v. to induct [new official], to swear in; to consecrate taán só n. See tieán só taán tôùi v. to make progress [in study, business] taàn 1 v. to simmer, to cook for a long period 2 n. frequency: cao taàn high frequency; aââm taàn audio frequency; aûûnh taàn, aûo taàn image frequency; haï taàn low frequency taàn ngaàn adj. hesitant, wavering, irresolute taàn phieàn v. to bother, to annoy taàn soá n. frequency [electronics]; taàn soá aâm nhaïc musical frequency; taàn soá baát bieán constant frequency; taàn soá cao high frequency; taàn soá cô baûn fundamental frequency; taàn soá ñieàu hoaø harmonic frequency; taàn soá coäng höôûng resonance frequency; taàn soá giaûi toûa clearance frequency; taàn soá coù theå hoaø hôïp tuning frequency; taàn soá phaùt aâm audio frequency; taàn soá thaáp low frequency; taàn soá thöôøng leä operating frequency; taàn soá trung gian intermediate frequency; taàn soá trung bình medium frequency taàn taûo adj. thrifty, contriving, well taàn tieän adj. thrifty taån maån v., adj. to waste one’s time on trifles; patiently attentive taän v., adj. to go all the way to; to go up to, down to; to end; to be exhausted: ñeán taän nôi to come to the very spot [to see for oneself]; giao taän tay to deliver in person; treøo leân taän treân ngoïn caây to climb all the way up to the treetop; laën xuoáng taän ñaùy beå to dive all the way down to the sea bottom; voâ taän endless; töôøng taän clearly, thoroughly; khaùnh taän [of finances] exhausted taän löïc v. to exhaust one’s strength; to do one’s best taän soá v. to die; to end one’s fortune taän taâm v. adj. to be devoted, dedicated to; with all of one’s heart taän theá n. end of the world: ngaøy taän theá doomsday taän tình adj. whole-hearted: giuùp ñôõ baïn beø taän tình to help friends whole-heartedly taän tuî v. to be devoted, to be dedicated to: 225 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH taâng taän tuî vôùi coâng vieäc to be dedicated to one’s work taâng v. to raise [moral value] taâng boác v. to raise; to praise; to over-praise taàng n. story, floor [of building], layer, stratum [in a structure]: thöôïng taàng khoâng khí upper atmosphere, stratosphere taàng lôùp n. social class, stratum taáp naäp adj. animated, bustling, busy taáp teãnh v. to prepare oneself, to have one’s eyes on [position, etc.] taäp 1 v. to practice, to drill, to learn, to do exercise: luyeän taäp to drill; hoïc taäp to learn, to study; oân taäp review; baøi taäp exercise 2 n. pad, ream of paper; set, volume, collection [of prose vaên taäp, poetry thi taäp]: moät taäp giaáy a ream of paper; tuyeån taäp thô vaên, taäp moät collection of prose and poems, volume 1 taäp döôït v. to train, to drill, to practice taäp ñoaøn n. community, group taäp haäu v. to attack the enemy from the rear taäp hôïp v. to assemble, to gather taäp keát v. to assemble, to regroup taäp kích v. to attack suddenly, to ambush taäp luyeän v. to train, to drill, to practice taäp quaùn n. habit taäp quyeàn v. to centralize power: cheá ñoä taäp quyeàn centralized government taäp söï v., adj. to be in training, on probation: luaät sö taäp söï apprentice lawyer taäp taønh v. to exercise, to train, to learn: taäp taønh laùi xe to learn to drive taäp trung v. to concentrate, to centralize: traïi taäp trung concentration camp taäp tuïc n. custom, tradition taát 1 n. socks, stockings: ñoâi bít taát a pair of stockings 2 v. to complete, to finish, to end: leã taát to end the ceremony; hoaøn taát nhieäm vuï to complete one’s duty 3 adj. all, whole taát caû adj. all, the whole, in all: taát caû moïi ngöôøi all people, everybody taát coù adj. [of condition] necessary taát nhieân adj., adv. natural; naturally, of course: leõ taát nhieân of course taát nieân n. end of the year taát ta taát töôûi adj. See taát töôûi taát taû v. to hurry: chaïy taát taû to run here and there in a hurried manner taát töôûi adj. to be in a great hurry taát yeáu adj. essential, vital taät n. physical defect; bad habit, infirmity: beänh taät disease; taøn taät invalid, disabled, handicapped taát ñoá adj. jealous taät nguyeàn adj. disabled, handicapped taâu v. to report [to the king], to tell tales about someone taáu 1 v. to report [to the king] 2 v. to perform [music nhaïc]: ñoäc taáu solo; hoaø taáu concert, symphony; dieãn taáu to perform, to play taåu 1 n. opium pipe 2 v. to run away, to escape, to flee taåu taùn v. to disperse, to scatter and hide taåu thoaùt v. to escape, to flee, to run away taäu v. to purchase [property, car, livestock, thing of value] taây n. west, western; French: phöông taây, taây phöông the west; khoai taây potatoes; maêng taây western asparagus; toûi taây western garlic leek; caàn taây celery; côm taây French food; tieáng taây French; haønh taây western scallion onion; daâu taây western mulberry/strawberry; baùnh taây French bread; lòch taây western calendar; thuoác taây western medicine; ñoâng vaø taây east and west Taây AÂu n. Western Europe Taây Baù Lôïi AÙ n. Siberia, Siberian Taây Ban Nha n. Spain, Spaniard Taây Ñöùc n. West Germany taây hoïc n. western education Taây Phöông n. the West Taây Taïng n. Tibet, Tibetan taây vò adj. partial, biased taáy v. to swell up taåy v. to erase, to remove [with an eraser]; to bleach; to clean (= röûa): caùi taåy pencil eraser; thuoác taây bleach, laxative taåy chay v. to boycott taåy tröø v. to eradicate, to uproot, to wipe out taây ueá v. to clean; to purge te te n. cock-a-doodle-doo teù 1 v. to dash, to splash [water] 2 v. [of person] to fall teù ra adv. in reality, actuality; it turned out that teù re v. to have diarrhea teù xæu v. to faint teø v. to wee, to do wee-wee [urinate]: cho em beù teø to make a baby wee-wee teø he v. to sit on the floor with one’s legs apart teû 1 n. [of rice] ordinary, non-glutinous 2 adj. sad, to be sad, to be dull teõ adj. detached, separated tem n. [Fr. Timbre] postage stamp: chôi tem stamp collector tem phieáu n. coupons, voucher 226 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tem teùp v. to smack [of the lips] teøm lem adj. smeared: maët muõi teøm lem to thaùc to sign one’s name ñaïn n. arrow and bullets; the war have a smeared face löûa n. rocket, missile ten n. rust, verdigris thaùnh n. Christian name teõn v. to be ashamed, to be embarrassed tuoåi n. name and age [on application, file]; teo 1 v. to shrink, to shrivel 2 adv. extremely fame: coù teân tuoåi famous names [sad buoàn, deserted vaéng] teânh adv. very: buoàn teânh very sad teûo teo adj. smallest, very tiny Teát 1 n. [SV tieát] festival, New Year festival [lunar calendar]: aên teát to celebrate the New teïo n. little bit, tiny bit: beù tí teïo very tiny teùp 1 n. little shrimp, small prawn: kho teùp to Year 2 v. to give a present to [teacher, official] grill little shrimps 2 n. citrus cell, succulent Teát Ñan ngoï n. Double Five festival [fifth day cell: teùp cam juicy oranges of fifth lunar month] teïp nheïp adj. [of things] small, petty; [of char- Teát Nguyeân Ñaùn n. New Year festival [lunar acter] mean, petty calendar] teït adj. [of nose] pug-nosed; deflated teát nhaát n. festival(s), holidays teâ 1 v. to be numb; to have rheumatism 2 adv. Teát Trung Thu n. mid-autumn festival [fif(= aáy, ñoù) that, other teenth day of eighth lunar month] teâ baïi v. to be paralyzed: beänh teâ baïi polio teáu adj. rash, hare-brained: noùi chuyeän teáu to talk in a rash way teâ giaùc n. rhinoceros teâ lieät v. to be paralyzed tha 1 v. to forgive, to pardon; to set free, to release: tha loãi cho ai to forgive someone’s teâ taùi adj., v. [of pain] sharp, to be paralyzed with sadness or pain fault; tha tuø nhaân chieán tranh to release teâ teâ n. pangolin prisoners-of-war 2 v. [of animal] to carry in the teâ thaáp n. rheumatism mouth; [of bird] to carry in the beak teá 1 v. to offer sacrifices to God, to worship with tha boång v. to free, to acquit tha hoaù v. to deteriorate, to become depraved full rituals 2 v. [of horse] to gallop teá baøo n. cell [biology] tha hoà adv. freely, to one’s heart’s content teá baàn v. to help the poor, to give to charity: tha höông n. foreign country: soáng tha höông vieän teá baàn nursing home to live in a foreign country teá ñoä v. to assist, to help, to relieve tha loãi v. to forgive, to pardon teá leã v. to worship, to offer tha ma n. cemetery, graveyard, burial ground teá nhò adj. subtle, delicate; sensitive tha nhaân n. another person, other persons teá nhuyeãn n. clothing and jewels tha phöông n. foreign land teá theá v. to save the world [used with an bang] tha thieát adj. insistent, earnest; concerned with teà n. [of village in the war zone during the tha thöù v. to forgive, to pardon French-Vietnamese war]; ally to the French tha thöôùt adj. graceful, elegant instead of following the Vietminh tha toäi v. to forgive, to pardon teà gia v. to manage one’s household affairs thaø adv. rather, better, would prefer: chaúng thaø it is better [if…] teà töïu v. to all be present teã n. compound medicine: thuoác teã pills [in thaû v. to release; to turn loose [fowl, cattle, Sino-Vietnamese medicine] prisoner]; to fly [kite dieàu], to drop [anchor teä 1 adj. bad; rotten, ragged, worn out 2 n. curneo, bomb bom]: thaû dieàu to fly kites rency: tieàn teä currency; ngoaïi teä foreign curthaû cöûa adv. freely, to one’s heart’s content: rency, foreign exchange ñaùnh quaàn vôït thaû cöûa to play tennis freely teä ñoan n. corrupt practice, social evil thaû duø v. to parachute, to drop by parachute teä haïi adj. bad, harm, ugly thaû loûng v. to give a free hand, to set loose teä xaù n. my humble house thaû rong v. to let wander, to leave unbridled teách 1 v. to vanish, to disappear 2 adj. very thaû söùc v. to act freely thaùc 1 n. waterfalls: thaùc nöôùc waterfall; leân light: nheï teách very light thaùc xuoáng gheành up hill and down dale 2 v. teâm v. to prepare a betel quid teân n. [SV danh] name, personal name: ñaët teân to die, to pass away: soáng thaùc coù nhau to be to give a name; goïi teân to call the roll; kyù teân together now or even after death teân teân teân teân 227 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thaùc loaïn thaùc loaïn adj. to be troubled thaïc só n. Master degree: thaïc só vaên khoa thaùi ñoä n. attitude, air, manner thaùi giaùm n. eunuch Master of Arts [MA]; thaïc só giaùo duïc Master thaùi haäu n. queen mother Thaùi Lan n. Thailand: ngöôøi Thaùi Lan Thais of Education [M.Ed] thaùch v. to challenge, to defy; to demand a thaùi mieáu n. imperial temple thaùi quaù adj. to be excessive high price thaùch cöôùi v. [of girl’s family] to demand pres- thaùi thuù n. Chinese governor [old times] thaùi töû n. crown prince ents for a wedding [from future bridegroom] thaùch ñoá v. to challenge: thaùch ñoá ai laøm thaøi laøi n. name of an edible herb, day-flower vieäc gì to challenge someone to do something thaûi v. to dismiss [official], to discard: sa thaûi to discharge thaùch thöùc v. to challenge thaïch n. soft pea flour jelly, jello-like dessert thaûi hoài v. to dismiss, to discharge tham v. to be greedy, to be unscrupulous, to dish, agar-agar; seaweed thaïch n. (= ñaù) stone, rock: caåm thaïch marbe ambitious ble; ngoïc thaïch jade; hoaù thaïch fossil; hoaû tham aên adj. greedy for food thaïch silex, flint; sa thaïch sandstone; phuùn tham chieán v. to participate in the war: caùc thaïch lava thaïch anh n. quartz, rock-crystal thaïch aán n. lithography thaïch baûn n. slab of lithographic stone thaïch cao n. gypsum, plaster thaïch hoa n. agar-agar [jelly] thaïch hoaù v. to petrify, to freeze into inaction thaïch hoaøng n. orpiment [chemical crystal] thaïch hoïc n. petrography thaïch khí n. stone implements: thôøi ñaïi thaïch nöôùc tham chieán belligerent countries tham chính v. to enter politics, to take part in state affairs tham chính vieän n. state council tham döï v. to take part in, to participate, to attend: tham döï hoäi nghò to attend a conference tham khaûo v. to do research, to consult [reference]: saùch tham khaûo reference book tham lam adj. greedy, covetous khí the Stone Age tham luaän v. to discuss, to give a paper [at a thaïch löïu n. pomegranate conference] thaïch ma n. amianthus [asbestos that has tham muoán v. to desire, to covet tham möu n. staff, general staff: tröôûng tham silky fibers] thaïch maëc n. graphite möu chief of staff; toång tham möu general thaïch nhuõ n. stalactite, stalagmite staff thaïch nhung n. asbestos tham möu tröôûng n. chief of staff thaïch suøng n. house lizard tham nhuõng v., n. to be corrupted; corruption: thaïch truï n. stone pillar vieân chöùc tham nhuõng corrupted officials thai n. embryo, fetus: baøo thai fetus; coù thai tham oâ v. [of official] to be corrupted to be pregnant; thuï thai to become pregnant; tham quan v. to go sightseeing ñaàu thai to become incarnate; phoâi thai tham söï n. chief clerk embryonic; truïy thai to have an abortion; quaùi tham taù n. chief clerk thai monster tham taùn n. embassy counsellor thai baøn n. placenta tham taøn adj. greedy and harsh thai baøo n. uterus tham thieàn v. to practice meditation thai ngheùn v. to be pregnant tham vaán n. consultant: laøm tham vaán cho ai to be a consultant to someone thai sinh adj. viviparous thaùi v. to cut up [food]: thaùi moûng to slice tham voïng n. ambition thaùi aáp n. fief, feud tham vuï ngoaïi giao n. secretary of embassy: thaùi bình adj. peaceful, peace-loving ñeä nhaát tham vuï first secretary of embassy Thaùi Bình Döông n. the Pacific Ocean thaùm v. to explore, to spy: do thaùm to spy; thaùi coå adj. ancient maät thaùm secret service; trinh thaùm detective thaùi döông 1 n. temple [on either side of fore- thaùm hieåm v. to explore: nhaø thaùm hieåm head] 2 n. the sun explorer thaùi döông heä n. the solar system thaùm hoa n. third highest academic title in old 228 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thanh la system [the first two are traïng nguyeân, baûng nhôõn] thaùm saùt v. to survey, to explore thaùm thính v. to reconnoiter, to spy: phi cô thaùm thính reconnaissance plane thaùm töû n. detective thaûm n. carpet, rug: traõi thaûm, to lay the carpet thaûm adj. tragic: caûnh bi thaûm tragedy; saàu thaûm, theâ thaûm pitiful, lamentable thaûm caûnh n. pitiful sight or situation thaûm ñaïm adj. melancholy, desolate, gloomy thaûm haïi adj. pitiful thaûm hoaï n. disaster, calamity, tragedy thaûm khoác adj. tragic, dreadful, awful, terrible, horrible thaûm kòch n. tragedy, pitiful situation thaûm saùt v. to slaughter, to massacre thaûm saàu adj. sad, grieved thaûm thieát adj. heart-rending, tragic thaûm thöông adj. pitiful, sorrowful thaûm traïng n. distressing sight, sad state than 1 n. coal, charcoal: buùt chì than charcoal [for drawing]; moû than coal mine; beänh than anthrax 2 v. to lament, to complain, to moan: Than oâi! Alas!; khoùc than to cry; daáu than exclamation mark; lôøi than, tieáng than complaint than buøn n. peat than cuûi n. charcoal; fuel than ñaù n. coal, anthracite than haàm n. coal than hoàng n. live charcoal [glowing but not flaming] than luyeän n. coke than moû n. coal than phieàn v. to complain than thaân v. to complain about one’s lot than thôû v. to lament, to moan than tieác v. to regret than vaõn v. to lament, to moan than xöông n. bone black, animal charcoal thaùn khí n. carbon dioxide thaùn phuïc v. to admire thaùn töø n. interjection, exclamation thaûn nhieân adj. poker-faced, indifferent, unemotional, calm, unmoved thang n. ladder; staircase: baéc thang to set up a ladder; caàu thang staircase thang caây n. wooden ladder thang daây n. rope ladder thang gaùc n. staircase, stairs thang gaäp n. stepladder thang thang thang thang thaùng goã n. wooden ladder maùy n. elevator, lift maây n. path of glory tre n. bamboo ladder n. [SV nguyeät] month: thaùng naøy this month; thaùng tröôùc last month; thaùng sau next month; haøng thaùng monthly thaùng ba n. third lunar month; March thaùng baåy n. seventh lunar month; July thaùng chaïp n. twelfth lunar month; December thaùng chín n. ninth lunar month; September thaùng ñuû n. 30-day month thaùng gieâng n. first lunar month; January thaùng hai n. second lunar month; February thaùng möôøi n. tenth lunar month; October thaùng möôøi moät n. eleventh lunar month; November thaùng naêm n. fifth lunar month; May thaùng saùu n. sixth lunar month; June thaùng taùm n. eighth lunar month; August thaùng thaùng n. each month, every month thaùng thieáu n. a 29-day month thaùng tö n. fourth lunar month; April thaûng hoaëc adv. occasionally, if by chance thanh 1 n. sound; tone, voice, noise: thanh aâm, aâm thanh sound; bình thanh level tone; ñoàng thanh unanimously; phaùt thanh to broadcast; maùy phoùng thanh microphone; thaát thanh to lose one’s voice; truyeàn thanh to broadcast; aâm bình thanh high level tone; sieâu thanh supersonic 2 adj. (= xanh) green, blue; to be young: tuoåi thanh xuaân youth; thanh thieân blue sky thanh aâm n. sound and tone thanh aâm hoïc n. phonetics thanh ba n. sound wave thanh baïch adj. poor but honest thanh baàn adj. poor but unsullied thanh bình adj. peaceful thanh caûnh adj. moderate, a light eater, delicate thanh cao adj. noble, distinguished thanh danh n. reputation, renown, good name thanh ñaïm adj. [of meal] frugal: böõa côm thanh ñaïm a frugal meal thanh ñieäu n. rhythm, cadence thanh ñoàng n. bronze thanh ñôùi n. vocal bands, vocal lips, vocal cords thanh giaùo n. Puritanism thanh hoïc n. acoustics thanh khieát adj. pure, clean, morally pure thanh la n. cymbals 229 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thanh laâu thanh laâu n. brothel thanh lòch adj. refined, elegant thanh lieâm adj. [of official] honest, having thaønh 1 v. to succeed; to achieve one’s aim; to turn into, to change into, to become: thaønh coâng to succeed [opp. baïi]; thaønh ra, trôû thaønh to become; thaønh ra to become as a result; thaønh thöû as a result; bieán thaønh to turn into; laøm thaønh to make up 2 n. citadel, integrity thanh luaät n. prosody thanh maãu n. initial [in phonetics] thanh minh 1 n. grave-visiting festival [compa- rable to Memorial Day] 2 v. to state, to declare honestly; to clarify thanh nhaõ adj. elegant, refined thanh nhaøn adj. leisurely thanh nieân n. youth, the youth: thanh nieân tieàn phong vanguard youth; Boä Thanh nieân Department of Youth Affairs thanh nöõ n. young girl thanh quaûn n. larynx thanh tao adj. noble, elevated, exalted thanh theá n. prestige, influence thanh thieân baïch nhaät n. in broad daylight thanh tònh adj. to be chaste, pure thanh toaùn v. to clear up [accounts], to settle; to liquidate: thanh toaùn nôï naàn to settle one’s debt thanh toaùn vieân n. liquidator thanh tra v., n. to inspect; inspector toång thanh tra n. inspector-general thanh vaéng adj. quiet, deserted thaùnh n., adj. saint, sage; holy, royal, sacred; good, talented; noùi thaùnh noùi töôùng to boast; Toaø thaùnh the Vatican; Ñöùc Thaùnh Cha the Pope; Leã Caùc Thaùnh All Saints’ Day; thaàn thaùnh gods and saints thaùnh ca n. hymn thaùnh chæ n. imperial edict thaùnh ñaûn n. Buddha’s birthday thaùnh ñòa n. the Holy Land thaùnh ñöôøng n. church thaùnh giaù n. crucifix, the Holy Cross thaùnh hieàn n. sages and saints; Confucian deities thaùnh hoaøng n. the Emperor thaùnh kinh n. the Bible thaùnh maãu n. the Holy Mother: Ñaïi hoäi Thaùnh maãu the Marian Festival thaùnh nhaân n. saint, sage thaùnh thaàn n. saints and gods thaùnh theå 1 n. Eucharist 2 n. the emperor’s person thaùnh thi n. psalm thaùnh thoùt 1 v. [of rain] to drip, to fall drop by drop 2 adj. [of music] to be sweet and slow thaùnh tích n. relics fortress, wall; walled city, city, metropolis; edge, wall [of well gieáng, container]: ñoâ thaønh prefecture, [of Saigon] capital city; hoaøng thaønh imperial city; kinh thaønh capital city; noäi thaønh the inner city; ngoaïi thaønh the suburbs; töû caám thaønh the Forbidden Purple City; tænh thaønh city; urban; Vaïn Lyù Tröôøng Thaønh the Great Wall [of China] 3 adj. honest, sincere: chaân thaønh honest, sincere; trung thaønh loyal; loøng thaønh sincerity thaønh aùn v. to receive a sentence thaønh baïi v. to succeed or fail; to win or lose thaønh boä n. city branch of party committee Thaønh caùt Tö haõn n. Gengis Khan thaønh coâng v., n. to succeed; success thaønh danh v. to achieve fame thaønh ñaït v. to succeed thaønh ñinh v. to become of age thaønh hình v. to take shape, to form thaønh hoaøng n. tutelary god [of village, town] thaønh hoân v. to marry thaønh khaån adj. sincere, honest thaønh kieán n. prejudice, preconceived idea, bias thaønh kính adj. devoted and respectful thaønh laäp v. to form, to set up, to establish: thaønh laäp moät toá chöùc thöông nghieäp to establish a business organization thaønh luõy n. walls and ramparts thaønh ngöõ n. idiom, expression; proverb thaønh nieân v. to come of age: vò thaønh nieân minor thaønh phaàn n. component, constituent; composition; background: thaønh phaàn tröïc tieáp immediate constituents [as in syntax]; thaønh phaàn cuûa phaùi ñoaøn Vieät Nam the composition of the Vietnamese delegation thaønh phoá n. city, town: hoäi ñoàng thaønh phoá municipal council, city council thaønh taät v. to become an invalid thaønh thaät adj. sincere, honest, genuine thaønh thò n. city, town thaønh thuïc adj. ripe, mature, experienced thaønh thöû conj. consequently, as a result thaønh thöïc adj. sincere, honest, genuine thaønh tích n. record, deed, performance, accomplishments 230 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thaêng thöôûng thau n. brass: chaäu giaët baèng thau brass thaønh trì n. wall and moat thaønh töïu v., adj. to succeed, to achieve; washing basin successful thaùu adj. [SV thaûo] scrawling, scribbly: vieát thaønh vaên written law thaùu caùy v. to bluff [in gambling] thay 1 v. to change [clothes, tools, method]; thaùu scrawly writing thaønh vaên adj. [of law, etc.] written: luaät thaønh vieân n. member: thaønh vieân cuûa phaùi ñoaøn chính phuû a member of the government to replace: thay quaàn aùo to change clothes 2 exclam. How!: May thay! Fortunately!; Laï thay! How strange! thaønh yù n. sincere intention, good intention thaûnh thôi adj. to be free, at ease, relaxed thay chaân v. to replace one’s role thaïnh n. See thònh thay ñoåi v. to change, to be changed thao n. raw silk thay loøng v. to change, to switch one’s allegiance thao dieãn v. to exercise, to demonstrate; to thay loâng v. to molt thay maët 1 v. to represent [object preceded by maneuver thao laùo adj. [of eyes] wide open cho] 2 adv. on behalf of thao luyeän v. to drill, to train thay phieân v. to rotate, to take one’s turn thao löôïc n. tactics, strategy thay theá v. to replace, to substitute [for cho] thao thao v. to speak volubly, to speak thay vì adv. instead of, in lieu of interminably thaéc maéc adj., v. worried, anxious; to query thao tröôøng n. drill ground, parade ground thaáp thoûm v. to be on tenterhooks thao tuùng v. to control [people, opinion] thaêm 1 v. to go and see, to visit, to call in; to thaùo v. to dismantle, to untie, to undo, to examine [patient] 2 n. ballot, lot, voting-paper: unlace [shoes], to take apart, to dismount, to ruùt thaêm to draw lots; boû thaêm to cast a vote, drain away [pipe, sink, sewer] to vote [cho for]; thuøng thaêm ballot box thaùo daï v. to have diarrhea thaêm beänh v. to check one’s health; to make thaùo thaân v. to escape, to get away a sick call thaùo vaùt adj. manage [by oneself], active, thaêm doø v. to inquire, to investigate, to sound resourceful out thaûo 1 v. to draft [text]: baûn thaûo draft 2 adj. thaêm hoûi v. to visit, to call on: gôûi lôøi thaêm hoûi ai to give one’s regards to someone to be pious, generous, devoted, virtuous: loøng hieáu thaûo filial piety; generosity 3 n. (= coû) thaêm nom v. to visit, to take care of thaêm thaúm adj. very deep grass: vöôøn baùch thaûo botanical garden thaûo am n. grass hut, cottage thaêm vieáng v. to visit: thaêm vieáng xaõ giao to thaûo aùn n. draft, rough draft pay a courtesy visit thaûo aên adj. generous thaém adj. [of color] deep, dark; [of love, feelings] ardent, intense: ñoû thaém dark red thaûo baûn n. rough copy thaûo caàm vieân n. botanical gardens [with thaúm adj. very deep, very far: xa thaêm thaúm birds] very far thaûo daõ n. country, countryside, rural thaên n. fillet, tenderloin thaûo ñieàn n. fallow field thaèn laèn n. lizard thaûo ñöôøng n. grass hut, cottage thaêng v. to be raised in official ranking, be prothaûo luaän v. to discuss, to debate moted; to go up [opp. giaùng] thaûo lö n. thatched cottage, hut thaêng baèng n. balance, equilibrium thaûo moäc n. vegetation, plants thaêng chöùc v. to promote; to be promoted thaûo naøo! exclam. No wonder! thaêng giaùng v. to go up and down; to promote and demote thaïo adj. proficient, familiar with, skilled in thaïo ñôøi adj. experienced thaêng haø v. [of king] to die thaïo ngheà adj. experienced, skilled thaêng hoa v. to sublimate thaïo tin adj. well-informed thaêng thieân v. to ascend heaven: leã Thaêng thaùp n. tower, stupa: baûo thaùp Buddhist stupa; thieân Ascension Day thaùp ruøa the tortoise tower [in Hanoi] thaêng thöôûng v. to be promoted; to promote, thaùp ngaø n. ivory tower to reward delegation 231 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thaêng tieán thaêng tieán v. to promote [a force like labor caàn lao] in status thaëng dö a surplus budget thaép v. to light [lamp ñeøn, candle neán, torch ñuoác, incense sticks höông] thaêng traàm n. to be ups and downs, vicissitudes, rise and fall thaêng traät v. to be promoted to a higher level thaéng 1 v. (= ñöôïc) to win, to overcome, to vanquish, to conquer, to defeat [opp. baïi]: ñaïi thaéng great victory; ñaéc thaéng to score a victory; chieán thaéng victory; toaøn thaéng complete victory 2 v. to saddle, to harness [a horse]; to be dressed up 3 n., v. to stop [vehicle], to brake; brake thaéng baïi v. to win and lose, to have a victory or defeat thaéng boä adj. dressed up thaéng caûnh n. beautiful scenery, scenic spot thaéng lôïi v., n. to win a victory, to succeed; success, victory thaéng theá v. to have an advantage thaéng traän v. to win the war, to have victory thaèng n. classifier noun for boys and inferiors or contemptible persons: thaèng beù the boy; thaèng beù ñaùnh giaày the shoeshine boy; thaèng con toâi my little boy thaèng bôøm n. pelican; practical-minded idiot thaèng cha n. chap, fellow, bloke thaèng chaøi n. kingfisher thaúng adj. [SV tröïc] straight, direct, right [opp. nghieâng, leäch slanting, oblique]; righteous, fair, just, honest; straightforward: ñöùng thaúng to stand upright; noùi thaúng to speak straight, to speak bluntly; ngay thaúng righteous, honest; thaúng baêng to be perfectly straight thaúng caùnh adv. without restraint thaúng caúng adj. stiff: cheát thaúng caúng to be stiff dead thaúng ñöùng adj. vertical thaúng giaác adv. soundly: nguû thaúng giaác to sleep soundly thaúng goùc adj. perpendicular thaúng haøng adj. in a straight line, aligned thaúng moät maïch v. to go or run straight to: ñi thaúng moät maïch ñeán sôû to go straight to the office thaúng tay adj. without mercy: phaït thaúng tay to punish without mercy thaúng taép adj. perfectly straight thaúng thaén adj. straight, straightforward, righteous thaúng thöøng adj. without mercy or restraint thaëng v. to be in excess, to have a surplus thaëng dö v. to have a surplus: ngaân saùch thaét v. to tie, to make a knot, to wear [a necktie]: thaét caø vaït to wear a necktie thaét chaët v. to tighten thaét coå v. to hang oneself thaét löng n. belt; waist thaâm 1 adj. black; black and blue: thaâm tím dark purple 2 adj. (= saâu) deep, profound [opp. thieån]; cunning, shrewd, foxy caûm n. deep gratitude caên coá ñeá adj. deep-rooted cung n. inner palace cöùu v. to investigate thoroughly ñoäc adj. shrewd and obnoxious, cunning, crafty thaâm giao n. close friendship thaâm hieåm adj. cunning, dangerous thaâm nhaäp v. to penetrate deeply, to infiltrate thaâm nieân adj. tenured, senior [in employment]: coâng nhaân thaâm nieân senior employees thaâm sôn cuøng coác n. remote areas thaâm taâm n. bottom of one’s heart thaâm thieåm adj. cruel, wicked thaâm thuø v. to nurture deep hatred for thaâm thuyù adj. profound and subtle thaâm tím adj. to be bruised thaâm tình n. deep affection, deep attachment thaâm traàm adj. profound; undemonstrative thaâm u adj. deep and dark thaâm yù n. hidden motive, secret thought thaám v. to soak, to absorb; to be penetrating; to be sufficient: khoâng thaám vaøo ñaâu insufficient; giaáy thaám blotter thaám nhuaàn v. to be impregnated, to be saturated thaám nöôùc v., adj. to absorb water; absorbent: khoâng thaám nöôùc waterproof thaám thía adj. [of pain, sorrow] piercing, penetrating thaám thoaùt adv. [of time] quickly thaàm adj. secret: aâm thaàm quietly, secretly; nghó thaàm to think to oneself; noùi thaàm to whisper; cöôøi thaàm to laugh up one’s sleeves; möøng thaàm to rejoice inwardly; thì thaàm to whisper thaàm kín adj. secret, sneaking: moái tình thaàm kín secret love thaàm laëng adj. mute, silent, quiet: moät cuoäc soáng thaàm laëng a quiet life thaâm thaâm thaâm thaâm thaâm 232 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thaàn thaùnh thaân mình n. body: thaân mình khoeû maïnh a thaàm leùn adj. secret, sneaking thaàm vuïng adj. furtive, sneaking thaåm v. to reconsider, to examine, to judge: strong body boài thaåm jury; sô thaåm first circuit; thöôïng thaåm, phuùc thaåm Court of Appeals thaåm ñònh v. to appreciate, to appraise, to judge: uyû ban Thaåm ñònh Hoã töông Giaù trò Vaên hoaù Ñoâng Taây Committee for the Mutual Appreciation of Eastern and Western Cultural Values thaåm myõ n. beauty, esthetics thaåm phaùn n. judge [in court] thaåm quyeàn n. competence, jurisdiction; authority thaåm saùt v. to investigate, to examine thaåm thaáu n. osmosis thaåm vaán v. to interrogate; to interview: thaåm vaán toäi phaïm to interview prisoners thaãm adj. [of color] dark thaäm adv. very; quite: thaäm voâ lyù quite absurd thaäm chí adv. even thaäm teä adv. [to scold] mercilessly, vehemently, very bad thaäm thuït v. to sneak in and out thaäm töø n. excessive words, abuse thaân 1 n. (= mình) body; trunk [of tree], stem [of plant]; body [of dress]: nuoâi thaân to support oneself; baùn thaân bust; ñoäc thaân single, unmarried; thueá thaân head tax; caùi thaân toâi my person; phoøng thaân for self defense; xuaát thaân to begin as, to start as; tu thaân to improve oneself 2 adj. [of friend] to be close, intimate, dear [opp. sô]: baïn thaân close friend; laøm thaân vôùi to be a close friend of thaân aùi adj. affectionate; lôøi chaøo thaân aùi affectionate greetings thaân baèng n. relatives and friends thaân binh n. partisans thaân caän adj. close, intimate thaân chinh v. [of king] to conduct a war himself; to go or act in person thaân coâ adj. alone, lonely thaân danh n. reputation, fame thaân haønh v. to act or go in person thaân haøo n. notable, gentry thaân hình n. body thaân höõu n. close friend: duy trì tình thaân höõu to maintain one’s friendship thaân maät adj. close, intimate, friendly thaân maãu n. mother thaân meán adj. dear [beloved]: baïn Nam thaân meán Dear Nam [beginning a letter] thaân ngöôøi n. human body; a man thaân nhaân n. kin, relative, next of kin thaân nhieät n. body temperature thaân phaän n. fate, destiny; condition, state, status thaân phuï n. father thaân quyeán n. family thaân só n. member of the gentry thaân sinh n. parents: oâng thaân sinh ra anh aáy his father thaân theá n. life/history [of well-known person] thaân theå n. body thaân thích n. relatives, offspring and kin thaân thieän adj. friendly, cordial: hieäp öôùc thaân thieän treaty of friendship thaân thaân thaân thaàn thieát adj. close, intimate thuoäc n. relatives tín adj. trustworthy, dependable 1 n. deity; divine being, tutelary god, spirit god [not Christian or Buddhist]: thieân thaàn angel; voâ thaàn atheistic; töû thaàn death; thoå thaàn God of the Soil 2 n. spirit, mind; force, energy: an thaàn sedative; taâm thaàn mind; thaát thaàn frightened out of one’s wits; tinh thaàn spirit; morale 3 n. minister, mandarin, high officials [in a monarchy]; your minister [in addressing the king or emperor], I [used by subject to king]: gian thaàn traitor; nònh thaàn flatterer; quaân thaàn relationship between the prince and his subjects; quaàn thaàn, trieàu thaàn all the mandarins; trung thaàn loyal minister; söù thaàn envoy thaàn bí adj. mystical thaàn chuû n. ancestral tablet thaàn coâng n. cannon thaàn daân n. the people thaàn dieäu adj. miraculous, marvelous thaàn döôïc n. miracle medicine thaàn ñoàng n. infant prodigy thaàn hieäu adj. [of drug] miraculous thaàn hoïc n. theology thaàn hoân n. morn and eventide thaàn hoàn n. soul and spirit thaàn kinh 1 n. nerve 2 n. capital city, metropolis thaàn kinh heä n. nervous system thaàn kyø adj. wonderful, marvelous thaàn linh n. spirit, deity thaàn phuïc v. to submit oneself thaàn quyeàn n. spiritual power thaàn thaùnh n. gods and saints 233 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thaàn thaàn thaùnh hoaù v. to deify thaàn theá n. power and influence thaàn thoaïi n. mythology thaàn tích n. stories of the gods thaàn tieân n., adj. deities and immortals; fairy, thaát caùch adj. improper, awkward thaát chí adj. discontented, frustrated thaát cô v. to miss the opportunity, to fail in business wonderful, heavenly tình adj. clever töû n. subject, servant vò n. ancestral tablet thôø v. to look haggard n. kidney: ngoaïi thaän testicles troïng adj. cautious adj. (= luøn) low; short [of height] [opp. cao]: ngöôøi thaáp a short person thaáp beù adj. short, tiny thaáp heøn adj. low, base thaáp keùm adj. low, inferior thaáp thoaùng v. to appear vaguely or intermittently thaáp thoûm v. to be anxious, to be restless thaäp num. (= möôøi) ten: Leã Song Thaäp Double Ten Festival; ñeä thaäp chu nieân the tenth anniversary thaäp aùc n. cross thaäp boäi v. to be tenfold thaäp can n. the ten Heaven’s Stems’ cyclical terms (giaùp, aát, bính, ñinh, maäu, kyõ, canh, taân, nhaâm, quí) used in numbering a series or reckoning years thaäp caåm adj. varied, miscellaneous, sundry thaäp luïc n. sixteen-string instrument thaäp nhò chi n. the twelve Earth’s Stems’ cyclical terms (tyù, söûu, daàn, maõo, thìn, tî, ngoï, muøi, thaân, daäu, tuaát, hôïi) used in reckoning years, months, days and hours, and corresponding to the twelve zodiac signs thaäp phaân adj. decimal: soá thaäp phaân decimal number thaäp phaàn adj., adv. one hundred percent, completely, perfectly thaäp phöông n. everywhere: khaùch thaäp phöông pilgrims thaäp thoø v. to go in and out; to hesitate at the door thaäp toaøn adj. perfect, faultless thaäp töï n. cross: hoäi Hoàng Thaäp Töï the Red Cross thaát 1 num. (= baûy) seven: ñeä thaát the seventh; ngaøy Song Thaát Double Seven Festival 2 v. (= maát) to lose: toån thaát loss thaát baïi v. to fail, to lose thaát baùt adj. irregular; inconsistent thaàn thaàn thaàn thaãn thaän thaän thaáp thaát ñaûm adj. frightened thaát ñieân baùt ñaûo adj. upset, to be turned upside down thaát thaát thaát thaát thaát ñöùc adj. inhuman, cruel, wicked hoïc adj. illiterate: naïn thaát hoïc illiteracy kinh v. to be terrified laïc v. [of object] to be misplaced, to lose leã adj., v. impolite, to be rude; to have bad manners thaát loäc v. to pass away thaát luaät v. to violate a rule about prosody thaát nghieäp v. to be unemployed, out of work: naïn thaát nghieäp unemployment thaát ngoân n. seven beat meter [in poetry] thaát nieâm v. to violate a rule about tonal cohesion in poetry thaát phu n. boor, coarse person thaát saùch n., adj. thwarted plan; improperly done thaát saéc v. to turn pale, to blanch, to turn white thaát thanh v. to lose one’s voice [as in yelling for help] thaát thaát thaát thaát thaát thaân v. to lose one’s virginity theá v. to lose one’s position theåu v. to stagger, to reel thoá v. to make a slip of the tongue thuû v. [of military position] to be lost, to fall thaát thöôøng adv. irregularly: laøm vieäc thaát thöôøng to work irregularly thaát tieát adj. disloyal [to one’s king, one’s husband] thaát tín v. to break one’s promise thaát tình n. the seven passions [hæ joy, noä anger, ai sorrow, cuï fear, aùi love, oá hate, duïc lust] thaát traän v. to lose a battle; to be defeated thaát öôùc v. to break one’s promise thaát voïng adj. disappointed thaät adj. [SV chaân] real, true, genuine [opp. giaõ]: noùi thaät to tell the truth; chaân thaät, thaønh thaät; ngay thaät honest, sincere; söï thaät the truth thaät buïng adj. sincere, honest thaät loøng adj. sincere, honest thaät ra adv. actually thaät taâm adj. sincere 234 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH vôï thaät thaø adj. innocent, naive: moät con ngöôøi thaày töôùng n. physiognomist thaåy v. to throw away the n. silk, gauze the theù adj. [of voice] shrill, shrieking, piercing theø v. to stick out [one’s tongue löôõi] theû n. badge [of office], card, filing card, iden- thaät thaø an innocent person thaät tình adj. sincere thaät vaäy adv. in fact, indeed thaâu See thu thaâu canh n. all night thaâu ñeâm n. all night: thöùc thaâu ñeâm to sit up all night thaáu v. to penetrate, to understand thoroughly: hieåu thaáu, thaáu roõ, thaáu hieåu to understand thoroughly thaáu ñaùo adj. [of knowledge] thorough thaáu kính n. lens: thaáu kính gheùp coupled lenses; thaáu kính loõm concave lens; thaáu kính coù naác echelon lenses; thaáu kính loài convex lens; thaáu kính hoäi tuï converging lens; thaáu kính phaân taùn diverging lens thaáu trieät v. to know thoroughly, to know the ins and outs of thaàu v. to contract; to award a contract: nhaø thaàu, chuû thaàu contractor; goïi thaàu, cho ñaáu thaàu to invite bids; boû thaàu to bid thaàu daàu n. castor oil plant thaàu khoaùn n. contractor, builder thaàu laïi subcontractor thaây n. corpse, dead body thaây keä v. to leave alone thaây ma n. corpse thaáy v. [SV kieán] to see, to perceive, to feel thaày n. [SV sö] master; teacher [with troø student]: thaày daïy tieáng Anh English teacher thaày boùi n. soothsayer, fortune-teller thaày chuøa n. Buddhist monk thaày doøng n. friar, priest thaày ñeû n. father and mother thaày ñòa lyù n. geomancer thaày ñoà n. traditional teacher, Confucian scholar thaày giaùo n. teacher, instructor thaày kieän n. lawyer thaày kyù n. clerk thaày lang n. medicine man, physician thaày me n. father and mother thaày phaùp n. sorcerer thaày phuø thuyû n. sorcerer thaày soá n. astrologer thaày thoâng n. interpreter thaày thuoác n. physician, doctor thaày tôù n. boss and servant thaày troø n. teacher and student thaày tu n. Buddhist monk thaày tuoàng n. stage manager tity card: theû chöùng minh nhaân daân identity card [ID] theû caên cöôùc n. (= theû chöùng minh nhaân daân) identity card theû kieåm tra n. identity card theøm v. to thirst for, to crave for, to desire theøm khaùt v. to thirst for theøm muoán v. to desire, to covet theøm thuoàng v. to desire very much then n. door bar, bolt, latch [with caøi, gaøi to lock]: cöûa ñoùng then gaøi secluded, secure then choát n. door bar, door bolt; key [problem, position] theøn theïn v. See theïn theïn v. to blush, to be shy: caû theïn, hoå theïn to feel ashamed theïn thoø v. to be shy theïn thuøng v. to be shy theo 1 v. [SV tuyø] to follow [religion ñaïo, method phöông phaùp, example göông], to accompany, to pursue; to be up to [someone]: noi theo göông to follow an example; tieáp theo following; continued 2 prep. according to, in accorance with theo chaân v. to follow the steps of; to pursue; to follow [developments] theo ñoøi v. to try to copy, to try to ape, to try to keep up with theo ñuoâi v. to copy, to imitate theo ñuoåi v. to pursue [happiness], to follow [one’s career]: theo ñuoåi haïnh phuùc to pursue one’s happiness theo goùt v. to dog somebody’s footsteps; to copy, to imitate theo kòp v. to catch up with: theo saùt v. to follow closely theo trai v. to elope with a man theïo n. (= seïo) scar, cicatrice theùp n. steel: daây theùp wire, line; telegram; daây theùp gai barbed wire; ñanh theùp firm, strong; theùp giaø hard steel theùp non n. mild steel, soft steel: nhaø maùy theùp steelwork theùt v. to scream, to roar: gaàm theùt to roar theâ n. (= vôï) wife: ña theâ polygyny; hieàn theâ my good wife; vò hoân theâ fiancé; phu theâ 235 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH theâ löông husband and wife; naêm theâ baåy thieáp to be a polygamist theâ löông adj. to be sad and lonely, desolate: cuoäc soáng theâ löông a lonely and sad life theâ nhi n. wife and children theâ thaûm adj. sorrowful, utterly tragic theâ töû n. wife and children theá 1 adv. like that, thus, such way: theá naøo how; by all means, at any rate; nhö theá so, thus; theá naøy this way; theá aáy that way; tuy theá in spite of all that; neáu theá thì if it is so, then; vì theá cho neân that’s why; theá roài then 2 n. power, influence; aspect, condition, vantage position: theá coâng offensive; theá thuû, thuû theá defensive; cuïc theá situation; ñòa theá terrain; ñaïi theá the general situation; ñaéc theá to be rising; söï theá course of events; quyeàn theá power, influence; thöøa theá to take advantage of an opportunity; tình theá situation; tuùng theá pushed against the wall 3 n. the world; life; age, generation (= ñôøi): haäu theá future generations; xuaát theá to be born; taï theá to die; traàn theá this life; thaân theá life 4 v. to replace: thay theá caùi baøn naøy baèng caùi baøn môùi to replace this table with a new one; tieàn theá chaân deposit, security theá chaân v. to make a deposit theá chieán n. world war: theá chieán thöù hai World War II theá coâ adj. all alone theá coâng n. offensive theá cuïc n. world situation; life theá ñaïi n. generation, age, era theá gia n. good family, good stock theá gian n. the world theá giôùi n. the world: caû theá giôùi the whole world; Cöïu theá giôùi the Old World; Taân theá giôùi the New World; toaøn theå theá giôùi the whole world; theá giôùi chieán tranh world war; Theá giôùi ñaïi chieán thöù hai World War II theá giôùi ngöõ n. Esperanto theá heä n. generation theá huynh n. one’s teacher’s son; one’s father’s friend’s son theá kyû n. century [tieàn baùn first half, haï baùn second half]: nöûa theá kyû half a century theá löïc n. influence and power: coù theá löïc to have power and influence theá nhaân n. mankind theá phieät n. nobility; blue blood theá quyeàn n. temporal powers theá söï n. the affairs of this world theá taát adv. surely, inevitably theá thaùi n. the ways of this world [used with nhaân tình] theá theá theá theá theá theà thuû n. defensive toå n. ancestor toäc n. nobility tuïc adj., n. temporal; daily life vaän hoäi n. World Olympic Games v. [SV the] to swear, to pledge, to take oath: theà nguyeàn, theà thoát to give one’s pledge; lôøi theà oath, vow; chöûi theà to swear, to curse theà boài v. to swear , to vow theà nguyeàn v. to swear theà thoát v. to swear, to take an oath theå 1 v. can, may, to be able to: coù theå to be able to; can, may; khoâng coù theå to be unable to; coù theå raèng it’s possible that; neáu coù theå if possible: moät theå at the same time; nhaân theå, tieän theå incidentally, by the way; nhö theå, ví theå in case [something happens] 2 n. form; genre, linguistic form: ngöõ theå discourse form, text type theå thuï ñoäng n. the passive voice theå caùch n. manner, way theå chaát n. substance, matter theå cheá n. system, regime: theå cheá daân chuû a democratic system theå dieän n. honor, face: giöõ theå dieän to keep one’s honor; maát theå dieän to lose face theå duïc n. physical education theå leä n. rules and regulations theå löïc n. physical strength theå naøo adv. no matter what, at any cost [cuõng precedes verb] theå nhieät n. body temperature theå taøi n. genre; theme, topic theå taát v. to excuse, to forgive theå thao n. sports: theå duïc theå thao sports and recreation theå thoáng n. dignity, decorum theå thöùc n. form, formality, ways theå tích n. volume theä öôùc v. to swear, to vow theách adv. very, extreme: moác theách very mildewed theâm v. [SV gia] to add, to increase; to do or have in addition: theâm tieàn löông to increase one’s salary theâm bôùt v. to adjust: theâm bôùt cho ñuùng soá löôïng to adjust the weight for enough measure 236 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH theâm thaét v. to add or cut more details theàm n. porch, veranda: theàm nhaø house thò thi leân lôùp v. to do the final examination [at veranda; tröôùc theàm naêm môùi on the threshold of New Year theânh thang adj. spacious, roomy: nhaø roäng theânh thang a spacious house theânh theânh adj. wide and smooth theáp 1 n. ream, quire: moät theáp giaáy a ream of papers 2 v. to coat with metal theáp vaøng v. to gild theát v. to treat [somebody to food or drink]; to invite: theát tieäc ai to invite someone to a party/dinner theát ñaõi v. to entertain, to treat theâu v. to embroider theâu deät v. to fabricate, to make up, to invent [story] theâu thuøa v. to embroider thi v. [SV thí] to take an examination, to take a test, to participate in a contest or a race: ñi thi to take an examination; hoûng thi to fail a test; tröôøng thi examination compound [where civil service examinations were given]; chaám thi to mark examination papers; hoûi thi to give an oral examination; ñeà thi examination questions; baøi thi examination papers; thi ngöïa horse race; ngöïa thi race horse thi n. (= thô) poetry: coå thi ancient poetry; caàm kyø thi hoaï music, chess, poetry, painting; Kinh Thi the Book of Poetry thi baù n. great poet thi ca n. poems and songs thi cöû n. examinations thi ñaäu v. to pass an examination thi ñình n. court examination thi ñoã v. to pass an examination thi ñua v. to emulate, to compete: thi ñua voõ trang armament race thi haøi n. corpse, dead body thi haønh v. to carry out [order, measure, mission], to enforce, to put into effect, to implement: thi haønh nhieäm vuï to carry out one’s duty thi haøo n. great poet thi hoaï n. poetry and painting thi hoûng v. to fail, to flunk thi hoäi n. second degree examination [at the capital] thi höùng n. inspiration thi höông n. first degree examination [at provincial level] thi leã adj. noble, distinguished the end of a year of study] luïc caù nguyeät n. semester examination luaät n. prosody ngöïa n. horse race nhaân n. poet nhaäp hoïc v. to sit for an entrance examination thi oâ toâ n. car racing thi rôùt v. to fail, to flunk thi saéc ñeïp n. beauty contest thi só n. poet thi taäp n. collected poems thi theå n. dead body, corpse thi thoá v. to show, to display [talent] thi toát nghieäp v. to sit for a final examination [for graduation] thi traé traéc nghieä nghieäm n. multiple-choice test thi tröôït v. to fail, to flunk thi vaên n. literature thi vaán ñaùp n. oral examination thi vò n. poetic flavor thi vieát n. written examination thi xaõ n. poets’ circle thi xe ñaïp n. bicycle race thi xe hôi n. car race thí v. R to test (= thi); to compare; öùng thí to take an exam; khaûo thí to examine thí v. to give away, to hand out; to begrudge; to sacrifice [chessman]: thí cho ai caùi gì to begrudge someone something thí duï n., conj. example; for example, for instance: cho moät vaøi thí duï to give some examples; thí duï nhö for example thí ñieåm n. pilot, experimental ground: tröôøng thí ñieåm a pilot school thí maïng v. to risk one’s life thí nghieäm v., n. to experiment, to test; experiment: phoøng thí nghieäm laboratory thí sinh n. candidate [for an examination] thí thaân v. to sacrifice one’s life thì 1 n. (= thôøi) time: phí thì giôø to waste one’s time 2 conj. then, but thì laø n. dill thì thaøo v. to whisper thì thaàm v. to exchange confidences in whispers thì thoït v. to dash in and out, to sneak in and out thì thuïp v. to bend down on one’s knees, then get up again; to make repeated obeisances thò 1 n. yellow persimmon: daáu hoa thò asterisk 2 n. (= chôï) market: nhaát caän thò the conve- thi thi thi thi thi 237 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thò chính self, to suit: thích nghi vôùi hoaøn caûnh môùi nience close to a market; thaønh thò city; ñoâ thò metropolis, capital city 3 n. to see: caän thò to adjust oneself to a new environment near-sighted; vieãn thò far-sighted; thò thöïc to thích nghóa v. to explain certify 4 n. middle name for women: Nguyeãn thích thuù adj. interested, interesting thò the Nguyen clan thích öùng v. to cope with; to adapt oneself: thò chính n. city affairs: toaø thò chính city hall thích öùng vôùi ñôøi soáng môùi to cope with a thò thò thò thò chöùng n. eyewitness daân n. city dweller, urban population duïc n. desire, lust ñoä n. power [of lens, magnifying glass]; new life thích yù adj. pleased, contented thieác n. tin: moû thieác tin mine; thôï thieác tin- smith; haøng thieác tin shop; giaáy thieác tin foil visibility thò thò thò thò thò giaùc n. eyesight, vision hieáu n. hobby; liking, desire löïc n. power of vision nöõ n. maid oai v. to display one’s force, to demonstrate thieâm thieáp adj. sleeping thieåm boä n. our ministry, our department thieåm ñoäc adj. wicked, evil thieåm nha n. our office, our department thieåm toaø n. our office, our Embassy, our Consulate one’s authority thò phi adj. right or wrong; gossip; rumor: thieân 1 n. (= trôøi) sky, heaven; God, nature: pay no heed to gossips saûnh n. town hall saùt v. to inspect thaønh n. city, urban center thöïc v. to certify: thò thöïc chöõ kyù to certify a signature thò toäc n. clan thò traán n. town, city thò tröôøng n. market [economics]: thò tröôøng chöùng khoaùn Stock Exchange thò tröôûng n. mayor [of city] thò töù n. store; business district thò tyø n. maid-servant thò uy v. to show off one’s strength or power thò veä n. imperial guard thò xaõ n. city, town thia lia n. ducks and drakes [the game]: neùm thia lia to play ducks and drakes thìa n. (= muoãng) spoon: thìa caø pheâ coffee spoon; thìa suùp table spoon, soup spoon thích 1 v. to like, to be fond of, to enjoy: öa thích pleasure, enjoyment; maëc thích at will, at pleasure; sôû thích one’s interest; tuøy thích as one pleases; vui thích to be glad, pleased 2 v. to poke [elbow, arm, etc.] against [vaøo]: chen vai thích caùnh [of crowd] jostling 3 v. to tattoo; to engrave Thích Ca n. Shakyamuni, Buddha thích chí adj. pleased, contented thích ñaùng adj. appropriate, suitable, fitting thích hôïp adj., v. appropriate; to suit, to fit [vôùi precedes object] thích nghi v. to adjust oneself, to adapt one- poses. 2 num. (= nghìn) thousand Thieân Chuùa n. God [Christian]: Ñaïo Thieân thieân thanh blue sky; Möu söï taïi nhaân, thaønh söï taïi thieân. Man proposes, God dis- khoâng quan taâm ñeán nhöõng lôøi thò phi to thò thò thò thò chuùa Catholicism thieân chöùc n. heaven’s mandate thieân coå n. antiquity: ngöôøi thieân coå deceased person thieân cô n. fate, destiny thieân ñaøng n. See thieân ñöôøng thieân ñình n. the Celestial Court [of the Jade Emperor]; forehead thieân ñænh n. zenith thieân ñònh adj. predestined, fated thieân ñöôøng n. Paradise thieân haø n. the Milky Way thieân haï n. the whole world, people thieân hình vaïn traïng n. multiform; variation thieân höông n. rare beauty thieân kieán n. prejudice, bias thieân kim n. very precious thieân loâi n. God of Thunder thieân lyù n. 10,000 mile road, highway thieân meänh n. destiny, fate thieân nga n. swan thieân nhieân n., adj. nature; to be natural thieân phuù adj. innate thieân söù n. angel thieân tai n. natural disaster, natural calamity thieân taøi n. genius thieân taïo adj. natural thieân thaïch n. aerolite thieân thai n. Paradise, Eden thieân thaàn n. angel thieân theå n. heavenly body 238 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thieân thôøi n. clement weather thieân thu n. eternity thieân tính n. nature, innateness, trait, character thieân thieân thieân thieân thieân thieán tö adj. innate, gifted töû n. the Emperor, the Son of Heaven vaên n. astronomy vaên ñaøi n. observatory vò adj. partial, unjust, to be biased thieáu huït to lose consciousness [in sleep or hypnosis]: nguõ thieáp ñi to go into a deep sleep thieäp n. See thieáp thieäp môøi n. invitation card thieát 1 v. to display, to arrange; to build: traàn thieát to display, to arrange; kieán thieát to build, to erect 2 adj. [of friend] close: thaân thieát, chí thieát very close [friend] 3 v. to care for, to have an interest in [mostly used in the v. to geld, to castrate: gaø (soáng) thieán negative] capon thieát bò n. equipment: mua thieát bò vaên thieàn n. Zen Buddhism; contemplation, medita- phoøng to buy office equipment tion: cöûa thieàn Buddhist temple; tham thieàn thieát ñoà n. cross section, exposed view thieát giaùp n. armor: xe thieát giaùp armor tank to enter into meditation; toaï thieàn to sit in deep meditation thieát giaùp haïm n. armored ship thieàn ñònh n. silent meditation thieát haøi n. tap dance shoes: khieâu vuõ thieát haøi tap dance thieàn ñöôøng n. meditation hall thieàn gia n. Buddhist monk thieát keá v. to draw up a plan, to plan: thieát keá ñoâ thò town planning thieàn moân n. Buddhist temple thieàn sö n. Zen monk thieát laäp v. to set up, to establish, to found: thieàn toâng n. Zen sect, Zen school thieát laäp moät coâng ty tö nhaân to set up a thieån adj. (= noâng) shallow: theo toâi thieån private company nghó in my humble opinion thieát loä n. railway, railroad thieån caâïn adj. shallow, superficial thieát nghó v. to think [used with first person] thieån kieán n. shallow opinions thieát tha adj. ardent, passionate, dedicated to: thieån nghó v. to think in a superficial manner: thieát tha vôùi coâng vieäc dedicated to one’s work toâi thieån nghó in my humble opinion thieát thöïc adj. realistic, practical thieån trí n. simple mind thieát töôûng v. to think [used with first person] thieån yù n. my humble opinion thieát yeáu adj. essential, vital thieän adj. good, virtuous [as opp. to aùc]: chaân, thieät v. to lose; to suffer loss, to damage: thua thieät to lose; hôn thieät to gain and to lose; thieän, myõ the true, the good and the beautiful; vieäc thieän charity; hoaøn thieän perfect; töø gain and loss thieän philanthropic thieät haïi v., n. to lose; loss thieän aùc n. good and evil thieät maïng v. to die [in battle, accident] thieän caûm n. sympathy: baøy toû thieän caûm thieät thaân v. to harm oneself, to hurt oneself vôùi ai to convey one’s sympathy to someone thieät thoøi v. to suffer losses thieän chí n. goodwill thieâu v. to burn: hoaû thieâu to cremate thieän chieán adj. [of troops] experienced, thieâu ñoát v. to burn trained, seasoned: ñoäi quaân thieän chieán an thieâu huyû v. to burn down, to destroy thieâu soáng v. to burn alive experienced army thieän nam tín nöõ n. Buddhist followers or pil- thieâu taùng v. to cremate thieâu thaân n., adj. May fly, ephemera; grims of both sexes ephemerid thieän ngheä adj. expert, skillful thieän xaï n. sharp shooter, marksman thieáu adj., v. to be incomplete, to be insufthieän yù n. good intention ficient; to need, to lack, to be in want of, to thieâng adj. supernatural, sacred: linh thieâng be short of [object follows]; there is a lack or propitious shortage of; to owe: traû laïi thieáu to short change thieâng lieâng adj. sacred thieáp 1 n. concubine: tieåu thieáp/tieän thieáp I, thieáu aên adj., n. underfed; malnutrition me [used by woman] 2 n. card: danh thieáp thieáu gì n., v. there’s no lack of; not to lack business card; böu thieáp postcard; hoàng thieáu huït adj. deficit, short, inadequate: thieáu thieáp wedding-card 3 adj., v. semi-conscious; huït nhaân löïc to be short of human resources 239 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thieáu maùu thieáu maùu adj. to be anemic: beänh thieáu maùu thònh haønh adj. popular anemia thònh noä n. great anger, fury thieáu maët adj. to be absent thònh soaïn adj. [of meal] lavish, copious thieáu nhi n. young children thònh suy n. rise and fall thieáu nieân n. young man, youth thònh tình n. kindness, thoughtfulness; thieáu nöõ n. young girl solicitude thieáu phuï n. young woman thònh trò n. peace and prosperity thieáu sinh quaân n. young cadet thònh vöôïng adj. prosperous thieáu soùt v., n. to commit a mistake, to have thòt 1 n. flesh; meat; pulp [of fruit]: thòt ñoâng laïnh frozen meat; tieäm thòt butcher’s shop 2 v. to kill, to butcher, to murder: laøm thòt to butcher; thòt con heo to kill a pig shortcomings; mistake thieáu taù n. [army] major; [navy] lieutenantcommander thieáu thoán v. to lack something [money/food] thieáu thôøi n. youth thieáu töôùng n. [army or air force] major- thòt baïc nhaïc n. stringy meat thòt boø n. beef thòt cöøu n. lamb general thòt ñoâng n. frozen meat thieáu uùy n. [army or air force] second lieutenthòt gaø n. chicken thòt heo n. pork ant; [navy] ensign thieàu quang n. spring days thòt lôïn n. pork thieåu adj. little, small: toái thieåu minimum; thòt môõ n. fat meat giaûm thieåu to reduce, to cut down thòt naïc n. lean meat thieåu naõo adj. to look sad, to have a pitiful look thòt nai n. venison thieåu soá n. minority [opp. ña soá]: daân toäc thòt quay n. roast pork thòt thaø n. meat thieåu soá ethnic minorities thím n. aunt, father’s younger brother’s wife: thòt vòt n. duck chuù thím toâi my uncle and his wife thiu v., adj. [of rice côm] stale; [of meat thòt] thin thít adv. silently: im thin thít very quiet rotten, tainted: côm thiu tainted rice thinh adj. silent, quiet: laøm thinh to keep quiet thiu thoái adj. rotten thính 1 n. powdered grilled rice 2 adj. sensitive thiu thiu adj. dozing thoø v. to stick out [neck coå, head ñaàu, hand [of hearing or smelling]: thính tai sensitive ears; baøng thính to audit [course]; döï thính to attend [lecture]; thính thò audio visual thính giaû n. listener thính giaùc n. hearing [sense] thính muõi n. sensitive nose thính tai adj. sharp of hearing thính thò n. audio visual: Trung taâm thính thò Anh ngöõ English Language laboratory [where audio-visual aids are used] thình lình adv. unexpected, suddenly: baát thình lình all of a sudden, suddenly thình thình v. [of heart ngöïc] to beat madly thænh 1 v. to strike a bell in a temple or before an altar 2 v. to request; to invite [môøi] thænh caàu v. to request, to entreat thænh giaùo v. to ask for advice thænh nguyeän n. petition thænh thoaûng adv. from time to time, now and then, sometime thònh adj. prosperous, flourishing [opp. suy]: moät ñaát nöôùc cöôøng thònh a prosperous country tay]: thoø ñaàu ra ngoaøi xe to stick one’s head out of the car; thaäp thoø to hesitate at the door thoø loø v. to run: thoø loø muõi xanh [of child] to have a runny nose thoû n. rabbit, hare: aên thòt thoû to eat rabbit meat; thoû nhaø rabbit thoû röøng n. hare thoû theû v. [of voice, words] to speak in a soft voice thoï v., n. to live long; longevity: höôûng thoï [of deceased person] to live so many years; giaûm thoï, toån thoï to cut down one’s life-span; tröôøng thoï to live long; phuùc loäc thoï progeny, honors and longevity thoï v. See thuï thoa 1 v. to rub, to anoint, to apply; to use [perfume, vaselin, pomade]: thoa nöôùc hoa to use perfume 2 n. hairpin: mua thoa caøi ñaàu to buy a hairpin thoaù maï v. to insult, to abuse thoaû v. to be pleased, to satisfy: oån thoaû settled, arranged 240 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thon thoaû chí adj. satisfied, contented thoaû daï adj. satisfied, contented thoaû daùng adj. satisfactory; appropriate, thoaùt thoaùt thoaùt thoaùt thoaùt thoaùt thoaït proper, fitting thoaû hieäp v., n. to agree; to reach a compromise; agreement thoaû loøng adj. satisfied, content thoaû maõn adj., v. satisfied; to satisfy: laøm thoaû maõn to satisfy; thoaû maõn nhu caàu to meet one’s needs thoaû thích v. to satisfy one’s heart’s content thoaû thuaän v. to agree, to come to an agreement thoaû öôùc n. treaty, pact thoai thoaûi adj. sloping gently thoaùi v. (= lui) to withdraw [opp. tieán]: tieán thoaùi löôõng nan to be caught in a dilemma, to be caught between two fires; trieät thoaùi to withdraw thoaùi boä v. to regress thoaùi chí adj. discouraged thoaùi hoaù v. to degenerate, to deteriorate: caùn boä thoaùi hoaù a degenerate cadre thoaùi lui v. to withdraw, to go back, to draw back thoaùi nguõ v. to be demobilized: quaân nhaân thoaùi nguõ veteran thoaùi nhöôïng v. to yield, to concede thoaùi thaùc v. to use a pretext thoaùi traøo n. ebbing of a revolutionary movement thoaùi vò v. to abdicate thoaûi maùi v. to feel relaxed, to feel well, to feel comfortable thoaùn v. to usurp [throne] thoaùn nghòch v. to rebel thoaùn vò v. to usurp the throne thoang thoaùng adv. summarily, sketchily, hurriedly thoang thoaûng adj. [of odor] vague, lingering, faint thoaùng 1 adj. well-ventilated, well-aired: tho- aùng gioù, thoaùng hôi, thoaùng khí well-aired 2 v. to see or recognize vaguely: thaáp thoaùng to appear and disappear; to be fleeting; nhìn thoaùng to see somebody or something pass by quickly thoaûng v. [of wind, odor] to waft by faintly, to whiff softly: thænh thoaûng from time to time, now and then, sometimes, occasionally thoaùt v. to escape from: troán thoaùt, taåu thoaùt to flee, to escape; giaûi thoaùt to liberate, to free; loái thoaùt outlet, way out, exit; dòch thoaùt to give a free translation hieåm v. to get out of danger khoûi v. to escape from ly v. to be emancipated from thai v. to be born from, to originate from thaân v. to escape from danger y vuõ v. to do a strip-tease adv. as soon as, first: thoaït môùi vaøo as soon as we came in; thoaït nghe when one first hears that thoaït ñaàu adv. at the beginning thoaït kyø thuyû adv. at the beginning thoaït tieân adv. at the beginning, at first, first of all thoaên thoaét v. to walk briskly; to happen in a flash thoaéng adj. glib: noùi lieán thoaéng to talk or speak rapidly/glibly thoaét v. to occur quickly, to happen before one realizes it, to be in a flash thoùc n. paddy, unhusked rice: phôi thoùc to dry unhusked rice thoùc gaïo n. rice, grain, cereals thoùc gioáng n. rice seeds thoùc luùa n. rice thoùc maùch v. to gossip, to be a tale bearer thoïc v. to thrust, to poke; to put: thoïc tuùi to put one’s hands in one’s pockets; thoïc gaäy baùnh xe to put grit in the bearings thoïc leùt v. to tickle thoi 1 v. to hit with the fist, to punch 2 n. shuttle, stick: ngaøy thaùng thoi ñöa time flies; hình thoi diamond-shaped 3 n. ingot [of gold vaøng, silver baïc]: moät thoi vaøng an ingot of gold thoi thoùp v. to breathe very lightly thoi vaøng n. imitation ingots made of gild paper for offerings to spirits thoùi n. habit, manners: quen thoùi to have the habit of; xaáu thoùi ill-mannered thoùi ñôøi n. the ways of this world thoùi pheùp n. ways, manners, rules thoùi quen n. habit, practice thoùi thöôøng adv. as a rule, generally thoùi tuïc n. customs and manners thoùi xaáu n. bad habit, vice thoøi v. to project, to jut out; to get out [money tieàn] thoûi n. stick, piece, bar: thoûi vaøng a gold bar thom thoùp adj. worried thoøm theøm v. to be still hungry or thirsty because one hasn’t had enough thon adj. thin, tapering; slim, slender 241 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thon loûn thon loûn adj. brief, concise; neatly arranged: goïn thon loûn neatly packed thon thoùt adj. jumpy thong dong adv. leisurely: ñi thong dong to walk leisurely thong manh adj. cataract thong thaû adv. leisurely, disengaged or free: ñi thong thaû to go slowly; ra voâ thong thaû free admission thoøng v. to drop [rope]; [of rope] to hang: thoøng sôïi daây thöøng xuoáng to drop down a rope thoøng loïng n. slip-knot, noose, lasso, running knot thoõng v. to drop [one’s arms on the side]; to be hanging, to dangle thoùp 1 n. sinciput, bregmatic fontanel; the soft spot on a baby’s heart or head 2 n. weak point, central point, key: bieát thoùp to stumble on thoùt 1 v. to pull in [one’s stomach buïng]; to become narrower; to be hollow: thoùp buïng laïi to pull in one’s stomach 2 v. to jump thoït adj. club-footed, lame: thoït moät chaân to be lame in one leg thoâ adj. coarse, rough; boorish, rude; crude [in workmanship] thoâ bæ adj. boorish, rude: lôøi noùi thoâ bæ rude statement thoâ keäch adj. grotesque thoâ laäu adj. boorish thoâ loã adj. boorish, rude, coarse: aên noùi thoâ loã to use coarse language thoâ sô adj. rudimentary, primitive: phöông tieän vaän taûi thoâ sô primitive means of transport thoâ tuïc adj. obscene, crude, vulgar thoâ thieån adj. awkward and superficial thoà 1 n. pack saddle: ngöïa thoà pack horse 2 v. to transport on the back of a bicycle/ motorcycle Thoå n. Turkey: ngöôøi Thoå Nhó Kyø Turkish thoå 1 n. earth, land, ground: laõnh thoå territory; ñieàn thoå land property; coâng thoå governmentowned land 2 n. prostitute: nhaø thoå brothel 3 v. to spit, to vomit [blood] thoå aâm n. dialect thoå coâng n. Kitchen God; one who knows every nook and corner of [a place] thoå daân n. aborigine thoå ñòa n. ground, earth; God of the soil thoå huyeát v. to vomit blood thoå loä v. to reveal [personal problems]; to unburden, to open up [can traøng, taâm tình heart] thoå moä n. buggy thoå ngôi n. habitat thoå ngöõ n. dialect Thoå Nhó Kyø n. Turkey thoå phæ n. bandit, gang; looter thoå saûn n. local produce or product thoå taû n. cholera thoå thaàn n. God of the soil Thoå tinh n. Saturn thoå traïch n. land, property, estate: thueá thoå traïch real estate tax, property tax thoác v. [of wind] to blow violently; to run at one stretch, to run all the way to thoâi v. to stop, to cease, to quit [doing something]: thoâi hoïc to quit school thoâi mieân v. to hypnotize thoâi thuùc v. to urge, to push thoái 1 adj. stinking; bad smelling; [of fruit, meat] rotten: hoâi thoái to stink 2 v. (= thoaùi) to withdraw, to recede 3 v. to give back change; to refund thoái hoaéc adj. fetid thoái lui v. to go back, to step back thoái moàm v. to have bad breath thoái naùt adj. rotten, corrupted: caùn boä thoái naùt corrupted cadres thoái tai n. otorrhoea thoái tha adj. stinking, fetid thoái thaây adj. lazy thoài n. dinner table [of food in banquet] thoåi v. [of wind] to blow; to blow [fire löûa, whistle coøi]; to play [a wind instrument]; to cook [rice côm] thoåi naáu v. to cook thoåi saùo v. to whistle thoân n. (= xoùm) hamlet, small village: höông thoân village, countryside; noâng thoân countryside; xaõ thoân village thoân daõ n. countryside: nôi thoân daõ vaéng veû in the quiet of the countryside thoân nöõ n. country girl thoân queâ n. countryside thoân tính v. to swallow, to engulf, to annex thoân traïi n. farm thoân trang n. farm thoân xaõ n. village, community thoân xoùm n. village and hamlet thoän adj. dull, stupid: thoäm maët ra a dull face thoån thöùc v. [of heart] to palpitate, to throb; to sob 242 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thoån theån adj. bare and loose thoâng 1 n. [SV tuøng] pine tree: laù thoâng pine thô daïi needle; nhöïa thoâng turpentine; traùi thoâng pine cone 2 adj., v. to be intelligible; to communicate, to transmit; to ream out [tube oáng, pipe ñieáu]: ñi thoâng qua to go through; caûm thoâng to understand, to comprehend; giao thoâng transportation; löu thoâng to circulate; traffic; truyeàn thoâng to communicate; phoå thoâng to popularize; khai thoâng to clear 3 adj. to be intelligent, to be fluent or conversant: ñoïc thoâng chöõ Anh to be fluent in reading English thoâng baùo 1 v. to warn, to advise, to inform: chuùng toâi thoâng baùo cho baïn bieát we inform you that 2 n. notice, announcement thoâng caûm v. to sympathize with, to understand thoâng caùo n. communique: baûn thoâng caùo chung joint communique thoâng daâm v. to have a love affair [with vôùi] thoâng dòch v. to translate, to interpret: thoâng dòch ra tieáng Anh to translate into English thoâng dòch vieân n. interpreter thoâng duïng adj. commonly used, popular, practical thoâng ñaït v. to inform [official memorandum, etc.] thoâng ñieäp n. message; speech; diplomatic note: böùc thoâng ñieäp cuûa thuû töôùng the prime minister’s message thoâng ñoàng v. to be in cahoots [vôùi with], to connive with thoâng gia n. ally by marriage thoâng gian v. to commit adultery thoâng haønh n. laissez passer, passport thoâng hieåu v. to understand: thoâng hieåu baøi hoïc to understand the lesson thoâng hôi adj. aerated, well-aired thoâng khí adj. See thoâng hôi thoâng leä n. general rule, common practice thoâng löng v. to be in cahoots [vôùi with], to connive with thoâng minh adj. intelligent thoâng ngoân v. to interpret: thoâng ngoân vieân interpreter thoâng qua v. to pass, to approve [motion, proposal] thoâng soá n. parameter thoâng suoát v. to grasp fully, to understand fully thoâng taán xaõ n. news agency: Vieät Nam Thoâng taán xaõ Vietnam Press thoâng thaùi adj. well-educated, scholarly thoâng thaïo adj. expert, proficient in: thoâng thaïo tieáng Vieät to be proficient in Vietnamese thoâng thieân hoïc n. theosophy thoâng thöông v. to trade with one another thoâng thöôøng adj. general, universal, common, usual thoâng tin v., n. to inform; information: Boä Vaên hoaù vaø Thoâng tin Department of Culture and Information thoâng tín vieân n. correspondent thoâng tri v., n. to inform, to advise, to notify; notice, notification thoâng tuïc adj. colloquial, popular thoâng tö n. notice, announcement: daùn thoâng tö naày leân baûng to put this notice up on the board thoáng n. large porcelain vase thoáng cheá n. marshal thoáng ñoác n. pre-war French governor in South Vietnam; governor: Thoáng ñoác Ngaân haøng Quoác gia Governor of the National Bank thoáng thoáng thoáng thoáng thoáng thoáng thoáng keâ n. statistics khoå adj. suffering, unhappy laõnh v. commander-in-chief nhaát v., n. to unify; unification, unity soaùi n. supreme commander suaát v. to control, to lead söù n. pre-war French governor [Resident Superior] in North Vietnam thoáng thieát adj. touching, doleful: lôøi leõ thoáng thieát doleful statement thoáng thuoäc v. to depend on thoáng trò v. to rule, to dominate thoáng töôùng n. major-general thoäp v. to nab, to catch: thoäp coå keû moùc tuùi to nab a pickpocket thoát v. to utter; to speak, to tell: thöa thoát to answer; theà thoát to swear thoát nhieân adv. suddenly thoát noát n. sugar palm thô 1 n. [SV thi] poetry, poem: laøm thô to write poetry, to compose a poem; nhaø thô poet; ngaâm thô to chant or recite a poem; moät baøi thô a poem; caâu thô verse, line of poetry 2 adj. young, tender: ngaây thô naive, childlike, innocent; treû thô young child; ngaøy thô childhood days; con thô young child [son or daughter]; tuoåi thô childhood thô aáu adj. young thô daïi adj. naive, innocent 243 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thô ngaây thô ngaây adj. childlike, naïve: coâ beù thô ngaây hieän thôøi at present, now; kòp thôøi in time; lôõ thôøi to miss the opportunity; taïm thôøi temporary; laâm thôøi provisional; töùc thôøi right away; thieáu thôøi youth a naive girl thô thô thô thô phuù n. poetry thaån adj. dreamy, wandering thôùt adj. scattered yeáu adj. young and weak, young and help- less thôù n. fiber [in muscle], grain: thôù thòt muscle beänh n. epidemic; evils of the time bình n. peacetime buoåi n. times: thôøi buoåi naøy these days cô n. opportunity, occasion: naém laáy thôøi cô toát to make use of a good opportunity fiber thôù lôï n., adj. [superficial] courtesy; smoothspoken thôø v. to worship; to take care of: thôø toå tieân thôøi thôøi thôøi thôøi to worship ancestors; nhaø thôø shrine; church; baøn thôø altar; ñeàn thôø temple; ñoà thôø worship objects thôø ô adj. indifferent thôø phuïng v. to worship thôø phöôïng v. See thôø phuïng thôø thaãn adj. dazed, stunned thôû v. to breathe: taét thôû to die; thôû daøi to sigh; than thôû to complain, to lament; hôi thôû breath thôû hoån heån v. to pant thôû ra v. to exhale thôû than v. to complain, to lament, to sigh thôû vaøo v. to inhale thôï n. workman, worker, artisan, craftsman: thôï chuyeân moân skilled worker thôï baïc n. goldsmith, silversmith, jeweler thôï baïn n. fellow worker thôï caû n. foreman thôï caïo n. barber, hairdresser thôï ñieän n. electrician thôï giaøy n. shoemaker, cobbler thôï giaët n. laundryman thôï hoà n. bricklayer thôï may n. tailor thôï maùy n. mechanic thôï moäc n. carpenter, cabinet maker thôï neà n. bricklayer thôï nguoäi n. fitter, plumber thôï reøn n. blacksmith thôï sôn n. painter thôï thieác n. tinsmith thôï thuyeàn n. worker(s) thôï tieän n. turner, lathe worker thôï veõ n. draftsman thôøi n. (= thì) time, moment, period, season; opportunity: chance: thôøi vaän chance; töù thôøi the four seasons; coå thôøi ancient times; nhaát thôøi for a while; temporary; heát thôøi outdated; hôïp thôøi timely; ñoàng thôøi at the same time; thôøi cuïc n. present situation, current affairs thôøi cuoäc n. See thôøi cuïc thôøi duïng bieåu n. class schedule, work schedule, timetable ñaïi n. times, age, era ñaøm n. conversation giaù n. current price gian n. time [as opp. to space khoâng gian]; period of time: thôøi gian laø vaøng baïc time is money thôøi haïn n. limited period, time limit thôøi khaéc n. time thôøi khí n. climate, temperature: beänh thôøi khí epidemic thôøi khoaù bieåu n. class schedule, timetable thôøi kyø n. period of time thôøi loaïn n. war time thôøi söï n. current events, current affairs: phim thôøi söï newsreel thôøi theá n. circumstances, conditions thôøi tieát n. weather, climate thôøi tieát hoïc n. climatology thôøi trang n. fashion, style thôøi vaän n. luck, fortune thôøi vuï n. crop season: thu hoaïch theo thôøi vuï to harvest according to the crop season thôm 1 adj. fragrant, good-smelling [with intensifiers löøng, ngaùt, phöùc, tho]; [of reputation tieáng, danh], good perfume, scent: traùi thôm pineapple; rau thôm dill, coriander; daàu thôm perfume; muøi thôm fragrance, perfume, scent 2 v. to kiss [a baby], to nuzzle thôn thôùt v. to have a honey tongue thôøn bôn n. sole, flounder thôùt n. chopping board: maët thôùt brazen-faced, shameless thu 1 n. fall, autumn: muøa thu fall; ngaøn thu a thousand years 2 v. (= thaâu) to collect, to gather; to reduce the size: thu beù, thu nhoû to reduce the size; tòch thu to seize, to confiscate; chi thu receipts and expenditures thu beù v. to reduce thu duïng v. to gather; to employ thôøi thôøi thôøi thôøi 244 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thuï giaùo thu goïn v. to abridge, to digest; to put in order thuû aán n. fingerprints, hand print, print stamp thu heïp v. to narrow thuû baûn n. manuscript thu hình v. to record pictures: thu hình ñaùm thuû buùt n. autograph cöôùi to record a wedding ceremony thuû caáp n. head [of decapitated man] thu hoaïch v. to harvest; to obtain [results] thuû coâng n. handicraft thu hoài v. to recover, to take back, to claim back thuû cöïu adj. conservative: nhoùm ngöôøi thuû cöïu a conservative group thu loâi n. lightning rod thu löôïm v. to reap, to pick up, to collect thuû daâm v. to masturbate thu naïp v. to receive, to admit thuû ñoaïn n. trick, dirty method thu nhaët v. to pick up, to gather thuû ñoâ n. capital city thu nhoû v. to reduce to a small size thuû haï n. follower, henchman, underling thu phuïc v. to win: thu phuïc nhaân taâm to win thuû hieán n. governor, premier thuû kho n. warehouse keeper over hearts thu thanh v. to record sound or voice: maùy thuû khoa n. valedictorian, the first on a list of thu thanh radio receiver, radio set, tape graduates thuû laõnh n. leader, chief: hoäi nghò thuû laõnh recorder thu veùn v. to arrange, to tidy up, to put in order quoác gia summit conference of leaders thu xeáp v. to arrange, to put in order, to settle thuû moân n. goalkeeper [problem] thuû möu n. instigator thuù 1 n. (= muoâng) beast, mammal, animal: thuû nguïc n. jailkeeper, warden maõnh thuù ferocious beast; vöôøn baùch thuù thuû ngöõ n. sign language zoo; thuù döõ, aùc thuù, daõ thuù wild beasts and thuû phaïm n. principal culprit or defendant animals 2 n. interest, pleasure, delight: lyù thuù thuû phaän adj. content with one’s lot interest; interesting; vui thuù pleasure; to have thuû phuû n. capital city, metropolis fun 3 v. to confess, to admit, to surrender, to thuû quó n. cashier, treasurer thuû thaønh n. goalkeeper give oneself up thuù nhaän v. to confess thuû theá v. to defend, to be on one’s guard thuù tính n. bestiality thuû thæ v. to whisper, to talk confidentially thuù vaät n. animal, beast thuû thuaät n. lab work; dexterity; surgery: thuû thuaät hoaù hoïc chemical lab work; laøm thuû thuù vò adj. pleasant, interesting, interested, delightful thuù y n. veterinarian: baùc só thuù y a veterinary surgeon thuø v. to resent, to be hostile to, to hate: thuø gheùt resentment, hatred; keû thuø enemy; baùo thuø, traû thuø, phuïc thuø to revenge thuø thuø thuø thuø thuø thuø thuø thuø thuø thuø thuø thuø thuû aân v. to reciprocate a favor ñaùp v. to pay in return, to reciprocate ñòch n. enemy, foe, hostility gheùt v. to hate and resent haèn adj. resentful, hostile hieàm adj., v. resentful; to hate lao n. payment, fees, royalties luø adj. huge, big oaùn adj. resentful, vindictive taïc v. to exchange toasts; to offer drinks tieáp v. to entertain, to treat öùng v. to entertain and keep someone 1 v. to guard, to defend; to watch, to keep watch; to observe: phoøng thuû to defend, to guard 2 n. (= ñaàu) head: thuû lôïn pig’s head; nguyeân thuû head, leader thuaät to do lab work thuû thö n. librarian thuû tieát adj. [of widow] loyal to the memory of one’s husband thuû tieâu v. to destroy, to dispose of, to exterminate thuû tröôûng n. leader, head of a department thuû tuïc n. procedure: thuû tuïc chieáu khaùn visa procedures thuû töôùng n. prime minister: cöïu thuû töôùng the former premier; taân thuû töôùng the new premier; dinh thuû töôùng the prime minister’s palace thuû xöôùng v. to instigate, to start [an idea] thuï 1 v. (= nhaän) to receive; to bear, to endure, to suffer: baåm thuï to be endowed 2 n. (= caây) tree, plant: coå thuï old tree; ñaïi thuï big tree thuï beänh v. to fall sick, to contract a disease thuï ñoäng adj. passive: phoøng thuû thuï ñoäng civil defense; theå thuï ñoäng passive voice thuï giaùo v. to receive instructions, to be taught 245 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thuï hình thuï hình v. to undergo punishment thuï phaán v. to pollinate thuï thai v. [of woman] to conceive, to be thuaät soá n. divination; fortune-telling thuùc v. to push, to goad, to urge, to spur: hoái thuùc to push, to ask; thuùc nôï to be beset by pregnant payment thuï tinh v. to inseminate, to fecundate: thuï thuùc baù n. [of cousins] uncle thuùc ñaåy v. to push [a program chöông trình]; tinh nhaân taïo artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF) thua v. [SV baïi] to lose [game cuoäc, lawsuit kieän, war traän], be defeated [by] [opp. aên, ñöôïc]: chòu thua to concede, to give up the fight; buoân baùn thua loã to lose money in business thua thua thua thua thuøa keùm adj. inferior loã v. to lose money [in business], to fail thieät v. to suffer losses xa v. to be far inferior to v. to sew [buttonholes khuyeát]: theâu thuøa needlework thuaàn 1 adj. pure; experienced 2 adj. kind- hearted, meek, simple-hearted: thuaàn haäu, thuaàn tính to be meek in disposition, easy to manage, well-tamed khieát adj. pure, unadulterated kim n. pure gold lyù adj. rational nhaát adj. pure, unmixed phong n. good morals, fine custom [used with myõ tuïc] thuaàn thuïc adj. talented, accomplished, skilled thuaàn tuyù adj. pure, unadulterated thuaãn n. shield: haäu thuaãn backing, support; maâu thuaãn to contradict; contradiction thuaän v. to consent, to agree; R to go along with (= xuoâi) [opp. ngöôïc, nghòch]; [of wind] to be favorable: phieáu thuaän yes vote; hoaø thuaän peace, harmony, concord; thoaû thuaän, öng thuaän to agree, to consent, to approve; quy thuaän to rally to; thuaän buoàm xuoâi gioù a safe trip thuaän caûnh n. favorable circumstances thuaän hoaø n. concord, harmony thuaän lôïi adj. favorable, advantageous thuaän tieän adj. convenient, favorable thuaät 1 v. to relate, to narrate, to tell, to report: dòch thuaät to translate; töï thuaät autobiography; töôøng thuaät to report, to narrate; traàn thuaät to report, to testify 2 n. art, method, science: aûo thuaät prestidigitation, magic; chieán thuaät tactics; hoïc thuaät learning; kieám thuaät fencing, swordplay; kyõ thuaät technique; technical; myõ thuaät arts; ngheä thuaät art thuaät ngöõ n. technical jargon, terminology thuaät só n. magician thuaàn thuaàn thuaàn thuaàn thuaàn to urge someone to do something: thuùc ñaåy baïn chôi quaàn vôït to urge friends to play tennis thuùc giuïc v. to push, to urge thuùc thuû v. to remain helpless, to fold one’s arms thuïc 1 v. to put, to poke, to thrust 2 v. to redeem, to ransom (= chuoäc): tieàn thuïc ransom 3 adj. ripe, cooked (= chín); treated, tanned, slaked; experienced: thaønh thuïc accomplished thuïc maïng n. the risk of one’s life thuïc nöõ n. virtuous woman thueâ v. to rent, to charter; to hire: cho thueâ to rent; nhaø cho thueâ house for rent; tieàn thueâ nhaø [house] rent; cho thueâ laïi to sublet, to subcontract thueá n. taxes, duties: noäp thueá to pay tax; thu thueá to collect tax; quan thueá customs duties; söu thueá taxes; haøng laäu thueá smuggled goods; khai thueá to make out an income tax return thueá bieåu n. tax schedule thueá giaùn thu n. indirect taxes thueá lôïi töùc n. income tax thueá maù n. taxes thueá quan n. customs thueá suaát n. tax schedule, tax rates thueá thaân n. head tax thueá truy thu n. direct taxes thueá tröôùc baï n. registration fees thueá vuï n. taxes; tax bureau/office thui v. to barbecue [a whole animal]: beâ thui roast beef thui thuûi adj. lonely: ñi thui thuûi moät mình to walk alone thuùi adj. See thoái thuïi v. to hit with the fist, to punch thum thuûm adj. smelling bad thuøm thuïp v. to punch repeatedly thuûm adj. smelling bad, stinking thun luûn adj. too short thung dung v., adj. to act or walk leisurely; unhurried thung luõng n. valley, dale thuùng n. bamboo basket [carried on the head 246 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thuyû ñoäi or at the end of a pole]: vaøi thuùng gaïo some baskets of rice thuùng muûng n. baskets thuøng n. large container, box, bucket, can, barrel, cask: thuøng röôïu cask; thuøng thö letter; thuøng xe car boot; thuøng xaêng petrol can thuøng thình adj. [of coat] too big, loose: aùo quaàn roäng thuøng thình baggy clothes thuûng v. to be perforated, to have a hole: choïc thuûng, ñaâm thuûng to punch a hole [in paper, cloth]; to break through [enemy’s line]; loã thuûng hole thuûng thaúng adv. slowly, leisurely thuûng thænh v. to walk or to speak slowly thuõng n. swelling [of cheek, limb, etc.]: phuø thuõng edema, dropsy thuïng adj. [of clothes] roomy, too big: aùo thuïng ceremonial robe with large sleeves, academic gown; luïng thuïng roomy, wide thuoác n. medicine, drug, medication: thuoác phieän opium; ñôn thuoác prescription; thaày thuoác physician; huùt thuoác to smoke; hieäu thuoác pharmacy, drugstore; hoïc thuoác to study medicine; laøm thuoác to practice medicine; tieâm thuoác to give [or get] an injection; uoáng thuoác to take medicine thuoác baéc n. Chinese medicinal herbs thuoác boå n. tonic, vitamin thuoác boät n. medicinal powder thuoác cao n. medicinal plaster thuoác daùn n. cataplasm thuoác ñaùnh raêng n. toothpaste thuoác ñieáu n. cigarette thuoác ñoäc n. poison: ñaùnh thuoác ñoäc to poison thuoác khaùng sinh n. antibiotics thuoác laù n. cigarette thuoác laøo n. rustic tobacco [for water pipe] thuoác men n. medicine, medication thuoác meâ n. anesthetic thuoác nam n. Vietnamese medicinal herbs thuoác nguû n. soporific thuoác nhuoäm n. dye thuoác phaùo n. powder for firecrackers thuoác phieän n. opium thuoác suùng n. gunpowder thuoác taåy n. laxative; bleach thuoác teã n. pills thuoác thang n. medication thuoác tieâm n. medicine for injection thuoác tieân n. efficacious medicine thuoác tieâu n. aperient, laxative thuoác tím n. potassium permanganate thuoác thuoác thuoác thuoäc tröôøng sinh n. elixir of life vieân n. pill, tablet, capsule xoå n. laxative, purgative 1 v. to belong to; to be responsible to: tröïc thuoäc to be under. 2 v. to know by heart: thuoäc baøi hoïc to know lessons by heart; quen thuoäc to be acquainted 3 v. to tan [hide]: thuoäc da suùc vaät to tan animals’ skins thuoäc ñòa n. colony thuoäc haï n. subordinate, underling, inferior thuoân adj. tapering thuoân v. to cook soup with: thuoân thòt gaø to cook soup with chicken thuoàng luoàng n. serpentlike monster thuoång n. spade thuôû n. long time past, time: muoân thuôû eter- nally; thuôû xöa ancient time; töø thuôû since the time when thuôû aáy n. at that time, in those days thuôû beù n. childhood thuôû nay n. up to now, nowadays thuôû nhoû n. childhood thuôû tröôùc adv. before, formerly thuôû xöa adv. previous time, formerly thuïp v. to squat rapidly; to prostrate oneself thuùt thít v. to sob, to cry and sniffle thuït v. to pump, to pull back, to recede: oáng thuït pump thuït keùt v. to embezzle, to misuse [funds] thuït luøi v. to go backward thuyø n. lobe: thuyø gan the lobes of liver; tieåu thuyø small lobe thuyø döông n. weeping willow thuyø lieãu n. weeping willow thuyø mò adj. sweet, gentle thuyû 1 n. (= nöôùc) water; hydro: taøu thuyû steamboat; lính thuyû sailor; ñi ñöôøng thuyû to go by boat; haáp caùch thuyû to steam; haï thuyû to launch a boat; daãn thuyû nhaäp ñieàn irrigation 2 n. beginning: chung thuyû loyal; kyø thuyû originally; khôûi thuyû beginning thuyû binh n. navy man, sailor, seaman thuyû bình n. water level thuyû chieán n. naval battle thuyû chung adj. consistent, loyal thuyû cuïc n. water supply office thuyû ñaïo n. waterway; seaway thuyû ñaäu n. chicken pox thuyû ñieän n. hydro-electricity: nhaø maùy thuyû ñieän hydro-electricity station thuyû ñieän löïc n. hydro-electric power thuyû ñoäi n. flotilla 247 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thuyû ñoäng thuyû thuyû thuyû thuy thuyû thuyû thuyû ñoäng n. hydrodynamic hoïc n. hydrology lieäu phaùp n. hydrotherapy loä n. waterway loâi n. torpedo loâi ñónh n. torpedo boat luïc khoâng quaân n. army, navy and air thuyeát 1 v. to persuade [influence by talk, esp. politically]; to speak, to tell; to explain: thuyeát cho ai nghe mình to persuade someone; dieãn thuyeát to make a speech, to give a lecture, to give a talk 2 n. doctrine, ideology, -ism: giaû thuyeát hypothesis; hoïc thuyeát theory; bieän thuyeát to argue; lyù thuyeát theory; theoretical; taø thuyeát heterodoxy, heresy; tieåu thuyeát novel; khaåu thuyeát oral presentation; xaõ thuyeát editorial; thöông thuyeát to negotiate forces thuyû thuyû thuyû thuyû thuyû thuyû maëc n. water color [using Chinese ink] ngaân n. mercury ngöu n. water buffalo phi cô n. seaplane phuû n. palace of the River God quaân n. navy man; the Navy: thuyû quaân Luïc chieán marine corps thuyû saûn n. marine products thuyû sö n. squadron: thuyû sö ñoâ ñoác admiral thuyû taï n. pavilion on or near the water thuyû tai n. flood disaster thuyû taëc n. sea pirate thuyû thuû n. sailor thuyû tieân n. narcissus, daffodil thuyû tinh n. glass, crystal Thuyû tinh n. Mercury [planet] thuyû tónh n. hydrostatic thuyû toå n. first ancestor thuyû trieàu n. tide thuyû vaên n. hydrography thuïy n. R auspicious; lucky Thuïy Ñieån n. Sweden: ngöôøi Thuî Ñieån thuyeát giaùo v. to preach thuyeát khaùch n. diplomat, envoy thuyeát minh v. to explain, to give a commentary thuyeát phaùp v. to preach thuyeát phuïc v. to convince, to persuade thuyeát trình v. to give a paper, to give a talk, to give a lecture: thuyeát trình vieân speaker thö 1 n. (= saùch) book: daâm thö pornography; Ban Tu thö Textbook Division; sôû tu thö Bureau of Publications; chöùng thö deed, certificate; thuû thö librarian 2 n. letter: vieát moät laù thö to write a letter; ngöôøi phaùt thö mailman; bao thö envelope; thö maät confidential letter 3 v. to defer; to be free, to be at ease, to be slow thö aùn n. writing desk thö cuïc n. bookstore thö th ö ñieä ieän töû t n. email thö huøng n. female and male; [of battle] fightSwedish ing to win or lose Thuïy Só n. Switzerland, Swiss thö khoá n. library thuyeân 1 v. to move, to transfer 2 v. to recover thö kyù n. secretary, clerk: thö kyù kieâm thuû quó secretary and treasurer; toång thö kyù [from illness], to get better: thuyeân giaûm to get better secretary-general thuyeân chuyeån v. to transfer, to reshuffle thö muïc n. book catalog thö phaùp n. calligraphy [officials] thuyeân giaûm v. [of illness] to decrease, to thö phoøng n. study room abate, to get better thö quaùn n. bookstore thuyeàn n. boat, sampan, junk [with ñi, chôi to thö raù raùc n. spam ride, cheøo to row]; ship: chieán thuyeàn warthö sinh n. student thö thaû v. to have leisure ship; phaùo thuyeàn gunboat; thöông thuyeàn merchant ship; merchant marine; cuøng hoäi thö thaùi v. to feel fine, to feel wonderful, to cuøng thuyeàn to be in the same boat; du feel rested thuyeàn yacht thö tòch n. books; bibliography thuyeàn beø n. boats and rafts, craft thö tín n. letters, correspondence thuyeàn buoàm n. sailboat thö trai n. study room thuyeàn chaøi n. fishing boat; fisherman thö trang n. book club; library thuyeàn maønh n. junk thö töø n., v. correspondences, letters; to correspond: thö töø qua laïi to exchange letters thuyeàn nan n. basket boat thuyeàn roàng n. imperial boat thö vieän n. library: quaûn thuû thö vieän librarian thuyeàn tröôûng n. captain [of a boat], skipper thö vieän hoïc n. library science 248 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thöïc daân thöøa surplus 2 v. to avail oneself of, to make use of, to take advantage of: thöøa cô hoäi to take advantage of an opportunity 3 v. to inherngoài haøng thöù nhaát to sit the first row 2 adj. it; to receive, to comply with: thöøa leänh caáp treân to comply with a superiors’ orders inferior in quality; second, second vice, under: bình thöù pretty good; [in grading] thöù pass; thöøa cô v. to take advantage of the opportunity con thöù second-born son 3 v. to pardon, to for- thöøa dòp v. See thöøa cô give: tha thöù loãi laàm to forgive one’s mistake thöøa haønh v. to execute, to carry out, to comply with thöù ba num. third; Tuesday thöù baäc n. rank, status thöøa höôûng v. to inherit, to enjoy thöù baûy num. seventh; Saturday thöøa keá v. to inherit thöù beùt n. lowest category thöøa löông v. to go out for fresh air thöù daân n. common people, the masses thöøa nhaän v. to recognize; to acknowledge: thöù hai num. second; Monday thöøa nhaän baèng laùi xe cuûa baïn to recognize one’s driving license thöù haïng n. rank, hierarchy thöù maãu n. stepmother thöøa phaùt laïi n. process server thöù nam n. second son thöøa soá n. factor thöù naêm num. fifth; Thursday thöøa söùc v. to have sufficient strength or capability thöù nhaát num. first thöù nhì num. second thöøa thaõi adj. super-abundant, plenty, more than enough thöù nöõ n. second daughter thöù saùu num. sixth; Friday thöøa tieáp v. to receive, to welcome thöù thaát n. concubine, second wife thöøa tröø n. compensation thöù tröôûng n. under-secretary, vice-minister thöøa töï v. to be heir to thöù tö num. fourth; Wednesday thöûa v. (= ñaët) to order [merchandise but not thöù töï n. order: coù thöù töï orderly, neat; thöù töï food], to have something made a, b, c alphabetical order; thöù töï ngaøy thaùng, thöùc 1 v. to stay awake, to be awake, to stay thöù töï thôøi gian chronological order up: ñaùnh thöùc to wake up [somebody]; ñoàng hoà baùo thöùc alarm clock 2 n. classifier noun thöø adj. dumbfounded, faint with exhaustion: meät thöø ngöôøi to be faint with exhaustion for an item, a thing: thöùc aên food 3 n. manner, form, fashion, style: caùch thöùc, theå thöùc thöû 1 v. to try, to test, to prove: thöû maëc caùi aùo naày try on this shirt; thöû maùu to test blood ways, procedures; chính thöùc official; coâng thöùc, phöông thöùc formula; hình thöùc form, 2 n. (= chuoät) mouse, rat: daõ thöû, ñieàn thöû field mouse; ñòa thöû mole shape thöû thaùch v. to challenge; to give a trial thöùc daïng n. form thöa 1 v. to reply or speak politely; to report thöùc ñeâm v. to stay up late thöùc giaû n. learned people, intellectuals to authorities; to sue: Thöa quí oâng quí baø. Ladies and gentlemen. 2 adj. [of hair, vegeta- thöùc giaác v. to wake up tion] to be thin, sparse, thinly scattered; [of thöùc khuya v. to stay up late comb] to be large-toothed: maùi toùc thöa thin thöùc thôøi v. to be abreast of the times; to take hairs an opportunity thöa göûi v. to talk [to a superior] in a respect- thöùc tænh v. to wake up [to a fact] ful way thöïc 1 adv., adj. in fact, actually, in reality; true, thöa kieän v. to sue real: noùi thöïc to tell true things 2 v. (= aên) to thöa thoát v. to speak up, to put forth eat: tuyeät thöïc to go on a hunger strike; aåm thöa thôùt adj. thinly populated, scattered: daân thöïc eating and drinking cö thöa thôùt scattered population thöïc buïng adj. sincere, honest thöøa 1 adj. left over, superfluous, more than thöïc chaát n. essence, substance thöïc chi n. actual expenditure: duyeät khoaûn enough, in excess; there is/are leftover(s): thöc chi to approve one’s actual expenditure thöùc aên thöøa the food left over; ñaàu thöøa ñuoâi theïo odds and ends; baèng thöøa to be a thöïc daân v. to colonize: chuû nghóa thöc daân waste [of time, effort]: ñoà thöøa leftovers; dö colonialism thö vieän tröôûng n. head librarian thö xaõ n. book club; library; publishing house thöù 1 n. order, rank, sort, type, kind, category: 249 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH thöïc duïng thöïc duïng adj. practical; pragmatic thöông v. to feel sorry for; to love, be fond of: thöïc ñôn n. menu loøng thöông compassion; tình thöông love thöïc haønh v., adj. to practice; practical [as opp. thöông 1 adj. wounded; injured: veát thöông to theory lyù thuyeát] thöïc hieän v. to realize, to fulfill; to implement, to carry out thöïc löïc n. real strength, real talent, real ability thöïc nghieäm v. to be experimental: phöông phaùp thöïc nghieäm an experimental method thöïc nghieäp n. vital industry thöïc phaåm n. food, foodstuffs, provisions: thöïc phaåm döï tröõ reserve or emergency rations; thöïc phaåm ñoùng hoäp preserved rations thöïc thöïc thöïc thöïc thöïc thöïc thöïc quaûn n. esophagus quyeàn n. real power söï n. reality, truth taøi n. real talent taïi n. reality taâm adj. honest taäp v. to practice, to carry out practical training; thöïc taäp giaûng daïy practice teaching thöïc teá adj., n. realistic, practical; reality, truth, real life thöïc thaø adj. honest, sincere, frank; naive thöïc theå n. reality; entity thöïc thi v. to execute, to carry out: thöïc thi quyeàn haïn cuûa mình to execute one’s power thöïc thu n. real income thöïc thuï adj. permanent, tenure: coâng vieäc thöïc thuï permanent position thöïc tieãn n. practice, reality thöïc traïng n. real situation thöïc vaät n. vegetation, plant thöïc vaät hoïc n. biology; botany: nhaø thöïc vaät hoïc botanist thöng n. unit of measurement [for cereals] thöøng n. rope, cord thöôùc n. meter, ruler: thöôùc taây meter; thöôùc keû ruler; kích thöôùc dimensions, measurements thöôùc daây n. tape measure thöôùc ño goùc n. protractor thöôùc gaáp n. folding rule thöôùc khoái n. cubic meter thöôùc naùch n. T square, bevel thöôùc thôï n. square angle thöôùc vuoâng n. square meter thöôõn adj. [of lip] protruding: buïng thöôõn protruding paunch thöôïc döôïc n. dahlia: hoa thöôïc döôïc dahlia flowers thöôøn thöôït adj. [of face, etc.] very long wounded; nhaø thöông hospital; xe cöùu thöông ambulance 2 n. trade, commerce: Hoa thöông Chinese merchant; ngoaïi thöông foreign trade; phuù thöông wealthy merchant; tieåu thöông small business; noäi thöông domestic trade; doanh thöông business, trade thöông binh n. wounded soldier(s) thöông caûng n. commercial seaport thöông chính n. customs service thöông cuïc n. commercial firm thöông ñieám n. commercial firm thöông ñoäi n. caravan thöông gia n. businessman, trader thöông giôùi n. business world thöông haïi v. to feel sorry for thöông haøn n. typhoid fever thöông hoäi n. chamber of commerce thöông khaåu n. commercial port thöông löôïng v. to negotiate thöông maïi v., n. to carry on trade, to trade, to do business; business, commerce: phoøng thöông maïi chamber of commerce thöông nghò v. to negotiate thöông nghieäp n. business, trade thöông nhôù v. to miss, to mourn over thöông soá n. quotient thöông taâm adj. sorrowful, pitiful, heart-rending thöông thuyeàn n. merchant marine thöông thuyeát v. to negotiate thöông tích n. wound thöông tieác v. to regret, to mourn over thöông toån v. to harm, to damage thöông tröôøng n. business world, market thöông öôùc n. trade agreement thöông vuï n. commercial affairs thöông xoùt n. compassion thöông yeâu v. to love thöôøng 1 adj., adv. ordinary, customary, usual, habitual; usually, ordinarily, as a rule, habitually, customarily, generally: baát thöôøng extraordinary; bình thöôøng normal; khaùc thöôøng unusual; phi thöôøng unusual; taàm thöôøng ordinary; thaát thöôøng irregular; nhö thöôøng as usual; thöôøng thöôøng usually, as a rule 2 v. (= ñeàn) to compensate: boài thöôøng cho ai to compensate someone thöôøng daân n. common people; civilian thöôøng duøng adj. currently used, of daily use thöôøng ñaøm n. current conversation 250 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tò thöôøng leä n. common rule, habit thöôïng taàng n. upper stratum, higher layer: thöôøng ngaøy adj. everyday, day after day thöôïng taàng kieán truùc superstructure thöôøng nieân adj. annual, yearly: vieát baùo caùo thöôïng thaåm n. Supreme Court thöôøng nieân to write an annual report thöôïng thoï n. age of seventy upwards: aên möøng thöôïng thoï to celebrate one’s seventithöôøng phaïm n. common criminal thöôøng phuïc n. everyday clothes, casual eth year of age clothes, business suit thöôïng thö n. [old monarchy] minister thöôøng thöùc n. general knowledge thöôïng toaï n. the most venerable monk thöôøng thöôøng adv. ordinarily, usually, gener- thöôïng tuaàn n. first ten days of a month thöôïng töôùng n. [army and air force] lieutenally ant-general thöôøng tình n. common feeling, common sense thöôïng uyeån n. royal garden thöôøng tröïc adj. permanent, on duty thöôïng voõ adj. martial: tinh thaàn thöôïng voõ thöôøng vuï n. routine business, day-to-day martial spirit business thöôùt tha adj. graceful, lithe, lissome thöôøng xuyeân adj. permanent, regular thöôït adj. long, trailing, dragging: daøi thöôøn thöôït trailingly long thöôûng v. to reward, to be awarded; to tip; to ti n. silk chord, thread give [as a tip]; to enjoy [flowers hoa, moon nguyeät, traêng, springtime xuaân]: phaàn ti hí maét löôn adj. small eyes like a swamp eel thöôûng reward, award, prize; tieàn thöôûng ti tæ v. to whimper, to whine: khoùc ti tæ hôn caû cash reward; giaûi thöôûng prize; thaêng thöôûng to promote; voâ thöôûng voâ phaït harmless thöôûng laõm v. to enjoy thöôûng ngoaïn v. to enjoy, to admire thöôûng töôûng v. to reward thöôûng thöùc v. to enjoy, to appreciate thöôïng prep., adj. (= treân) on, above, upper, top, highest, supreme: saân thöôïng terrace, the top floor [on roof]; cao thöôïng noble; ñoàng baøo thöôïng tribal people, highland people thöôïng caáp n. higher echelon; superiors, higher authorities thöôïng coå n. antiquity thöôïng du n. highlands, mountain areas thöôïng ñaúng n. top rank, top class Thöôïng Ñeá n. God Thöôïng Haûi n. Shanghai thöôïng haïng n. first class, grade A thöôïng haûo haïng n. first class, top quality thöôïng khaùch n. guest of honor, distinguished guest thöôïng loä v. to take a trip, to start off on a trip thöôïng loä bình an! n. Bon voyage! Have a nice trip! thöôïng löu n. upstream, higher section; higher classes thöôïng nghò vieän n. Senate, upper chamber, house of lords thöôïng saùch n. the best way, the best policy thöôïng só n. warrant officer [army, air force, navy]: thöôïng só nhaát chief warrant officer thöôïng taù n. senior lieutenant-colonel giôø to whimper for more than one hour ti tieän adj. mean, base tí adj. tiny, bit: moät tí a little bit; nhoû tí, beù tí tiny; tí nöõa in a little while tí chuùt adj. a little bit tí ñænh adj. a little bit tí hon adj. tiny, pea-sized, little: thaèng beù tí hon a little boy tí tí tí tí tí tí tì nhau n. kid, child nöõa adv. in a short while teïo adj. tiny, very little ti adj. See tí tò adj. See tí toeùt v. to laugh often 1 v. to lean [vaøo on], to rest 2 n. flaw, spot, soil; mistake tì oá adj. soiled, smeared tì tì v. to go on eating and drinking tæ n. billion tæ duï n. analogy, example: tæ duï nhö for example tæ leä n. proportion, ratio: tæ leä thuaän direct ratio; tæ leä nghòch inverse ratio tæ mæ adj. meticulous, minute, detailed: keá hoaïch tæ mæ a detailed plan tæ nhö adv. for instance tæ soá n. ratio, proportion tæ teâ v. to weep or talk incessantly tæ troïng n. density tò 1 adj. tiny, bit-sized: ñoäng moät tò laø at the slightest provocation 2 adj. jealous: ganh tò, ghen tò jealous 251 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tò naïn tò naïn v. to flee from danger: ngöôøi tò naïn a to be naturalized; thö tòch bibliography; Vieät tòch Vietnamese nationality, Vietnamese citizenship; hoài tòch to resume one’s original refugee tò naïnh v. to envy, to be jealous of tia n. jet [of water nöôùc], beam [of light saùng], capillary [maùu], ray, spark, gleam: tia aùnh saùng light beam; tia X X-rays tia cöïc tím n. ultraviolet ray tia hoàng ngoaïi n. infrared ray tia maùu n. capillary: maét coù tia maùu bloodshot eyes tia töû ngoaïi n. ultraviolet rays tia X n. X-rays tía 1 adj. purple red: ñoû maët tía tai blushing; all red 2 n. father: tía maù noù his father and mother tía toâ n. balm mint, garden balm tæa v. to trim, to prune [hair, hedge]; to beat [or kill] one by one: tæa caây trong vöôøn to trim trees in the garden; troàng tæa to cultivate tæa goït v. to polish [one’s styles] tích 1 v. to accumulate, to hoard, to store up: tích voán to accumulate capital; aâám tích, bình tích teapot; dieän tích area; dung tích volume, capacity; suùc tích to amass; to include, to encompass; theå tích volume 2 n. footprint; vestige, trace, mark, remnant; story, allusion: bieät tích to disappear, to vanish; buùt tích writings; coå tích historical monument; old story; daáu tích trace, mark, vestige; di tích trace, mark; maát tích to leave no traces behind; söï tích story; thöông tích wound; veát tích vestige, trace, mark; taøn tích vestige, remnants 3 n. merit, exploit: thaønh tích record, accomplishments, performance tích cöïc adj. active, positive, zealous, initiative [opp. tieâu cöïc] Tích Lan n. Ceylon tích luyõ v. to accumulate, to store tích phaân n. integral calculus tích soá n. product [of multiplication] tích söï n. result, effective outcome: chaúng ñöôïc tích söï gì caû to be ineffective tích tieåu thaønh ñaïi adj. Many drops make an ocean. tích tröõ v. to hoard: tích tröõ voán ñeå laøm aên to hoard capital for future business tích tuï v. to agglomerate, to concentrate tòch 1 v. to confiscate, to seize: tòch bieân, tòch thu cuûa caûi ai to seize one’s property 2 n. [of Buddhist clergy] to die, to pass away 3 n. register, roll; citizenship: quoác tòch nationality; hoä tòch vital statistic, census; nhaäp tòch [Vietnamese] citizenship tòch bieân v. to confiscate, to seize: tòch bieân taøi saõn cuûa ai to seize one’s property tòch mòch adj. lonesome, quiet, tranquil tòch thu v. to confiscate, to seize [also tòch thaâu] tieác adj., v. regretful, to be sorry: ñaùng tieác regrettable; meán tieác to regret the departure of; thöông tieác to mourn [dead person] tieác coâng v. to regret a wasted effort tieác reû v. to regret [a lost chance] tieäc n. banquet, dinner party: ñi döï tieäc to attend a party tieäc traø n. tea party, reception tieäc tuøng n. banquet, party tieâm v. to inject; to give an injection: tieâm thuoác phoøng ngöøa to inject a vaccine; oáng tieâm syringe tieâm la n. syphilis tieâm nhieãm v. to imbue, to impregnate; to contract [habit] tieâm taát adj. meticulous tieám v. to usurp [throne ngoâi, vò, power quyeàn]: tieám quyeàn to usurp power tieám ñoaït v. to usurp: tieám ñoaït ngoâi vò to usurp the throne tieàm v. to cook in a bain-marie: vòt tieàm duck stewed in a bain-marie tieàm löïc n. hidden force, potential, latent power tieàm taøng adj. hidden, latent, concealed tieàm thuyû ñónh n. submarine tieàm thöùc n. subconsciousness tieàm tieäm adj. all right, acceptable tieäm n. store, shop: chuû tieäm shopkeeper, storekeeper tieäm aên n. restaurant tieäm caàm ñoà n. pawnshop tieäm caän n. asymptotic: ñöôøng tieäm caän asymptote tieäm huùt n. opium den tieäm nhaûy n. dance hall tieäm tieán adj. progressive tieân 1 n. fairy: chuyeän thaàn tieân fairy tales; thuyû tieân narcissus 2 adj. first: ñaàu tieân, tröôùc tieân to be the first, at first; toå tieân ancestor; thoaït tieân at first tieân caûnh n. fairyland tieân chæ n. first notable in villages, head of a village tieân cung n. fairies’ palace 252 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tieän tieân döôïc n. miracle drug tieân ñoaùn v. to predict, to foresee tieân giôùi n. fairyland tieân leä n. precedent tieân lieät n. deceased heroes tieân nhaân n. ancestors, forefathers tieân nöõ n. fairy tieân phong n. vanguard, shock troops; pioneer tieân phuï n. late father tieân quyeát n. [of condition] pre-requisite Tieân Roàng n. the fairy and the dragon ancestors of the Vietnamese race tieân sinh n. honorable gentlemen, Sir [literary, formal] tieân tieân tieân tieán sö n. patron saint of a trade, founder tri n., v. prophet; to foresee vöông n. the late king v. (= taán) to move forward, to advance, to progress [opp. lui, luøi, thoaùi]: tieán ñeán, tieán laïi to move in, to come, to approach; tieán tôùi to move toward; caáp tieán progressive; tieàn tieán advanced; xuùc tieán to promote; caûi tieán to improve tieán boä v. to improve, to make progress tieán cöû v. to recommend, to nominate, to tieàn baïc n. money, wealth, riches: laøm ra tieàn baïc to make money tieàn boái n. elders, predecessor tieàn boài thöôøng n. compensation: traû tieàn boài thöôøng cho ai to pay compensation to someone tieàn coïc n. deposit tieàn coâng n. salary, pay, wages tieàn cuûa n. wealth tieàn duyeân n. predestined affinity tieàn ñaët coïc n. deposit tieàn ñeà n. preamble, premise tieàn ñònh adj. predestined tieàn ñoà n. future, the road ahead tieàn ñoäi n. vanguard tieàn ñoàn n. outpost tieàn ñöôøng n. ancestor-worship house tieàn giaáy n. paper money tieàn laõi n. profit, interest, dividend tieàn leä n. precedent tieàn lôøi n. profit, interest, dividend tieàn maët n. ready money, cash tieàn nhaân n. forefathers tieàn oan n. punishment for a crime committed during a previous existence phaït n. fine: traû tieàn phaït to pay a fine tieán haønh v. to carry out [duties, work]; to phí n. premium [of insurance baûo hieåm] implement: tieán haønh coâng taùc to carry out phong n. vanguard one’s duty phuï caáp n. allowance: tieàn phuï caáp di chuyeån traveling allowance tieán hoaù v. to develop gradually, to undergo evolution tieàn söû n. prehistory; background tieán só n. Doctor of Philosophy [Ph.D.]: tieán tieàn taøi n. riches, money, wealth só luaät Doctor of Laws; tieán só vaên chöông tieàn teä n. currency, money: giaù trò tieàn teä Doctor of Letters value of currency tieàn thoaùi v. to advance and then to retreat: tieàn thaân n. position in former life, predecessor tieán thoaùi löôõng nan caught in a dilemma tieàn thöôûng n. bonus, reward tieán trieån v. to progress tieàn tieán adj. advanced, progressive tieàn 1 n. money, currency, coin, cash: moät soá tieàn tieâu n. expense; pocket money tieàn, moät moùn tieàn a sum of money; tuùng tieàn trôï caáp n. subsidy, award, allowance tieàn hard-pressed for money; tieàn phaït fine; tieàn tuyeán n. front lines heát tieàn out of money; nhieàu tieàn, laém tieàn tieàn vaï n. fine tieàn voán n. capital, principal, assets wealthy; aêên tieàn OK, all right; giaù tieàn price, cost; traû tieàn to pay; khoâng tieàn penniless; tieãn v. to see [someone] off khoâng maát tieàn free, gratis; laáy lieàn to tieãn bieät v. to say goodbye tieãn haønh v. send off: tieäc tieãn haønh a sendcharge [admission]; phí tieàn to waste money off party 2 adj. (= tröôùc) before, front [opp. haäu]: tieàn Leâ the earlier Le Dynasty [as opp. to Haäu Leâ tieän 1 adj. convenient, handy: baát tieän not the later Le Dynasty]; maët tieàn facade, front of convenient; phöông tieän means; thuaän tieän a house; nhaõn tieàn in front of one’s eyes; tieàn favorable; tuyø tieän at one’s convenience, as haäu baát nhaát inconsistent one sees fit; giaûn tieän simple; töï tieän without tieàn aùn n. previous criminal record, previous authorization; ñaïi tieän to defecate, to have a sentence bowel movement; tieåu tieän to urinate, to make propose tieàn tieàn tieàn tieàn 253 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tieän daân water; nhaát cöû löôõng tieän to kill two birds with one stone 2 v. to lathe, to turn, to shape: baøn tieän, maùy tieän lathe machine; thôï tieän turner tieän daân n. the lower classes tieän lôïi adj. convenient, serviceable, profitable tieän nghi n. facilities tieän theå adv. for convenience’s sake; on the occasion of, at the same time tieáng n. noise; sound, voice: tieáng noùi spoken tongue/language; leân tieáng to speak up; mang tieáng to have or cause to have a bad reputation; nghe tieáng to hear of; tieáng Vieät Vietnamese language; tieáng Anh English language; danh tieáng famous; fame; coù tieáng famous, renowned; maát tieáng to lose one’s reputation; tai tieáng bad reputation tieáng cöôøi n. laughter tieáng ñoàn n. rumor tieáng ñoàng hoà n. hour: tieáng ñoäng n. noise, din tieáng keâu n. cry, scream, shriek tieáng meï ñeû n. mother tongue tieáng moät n. vocabulary: hoïc tieáng moät to learn vocabulary tieáng noùi n. language, tongue; voice: ñaøi tieáng noùi Hoa kyø the Voice of America tieáng saám n. peal of thunder tieáng suùng n. gunshot tieáng taêm n. reputation tieáng vang n. echo tieáp 1 v. to receive [visitors khaùch]: ñoùn tieáp to welcome 2 v. to continue [follows main verb]: coøn tieáp to be continued [put at end to installment of text]; keá tieáp, lieân tieáp successively, one after another; chuyeån tieáp transition tieáp caän adj. adjoining, contiguous, adjacent tieáp cöùu v. to rescue, to assist tieáp dieãn v. to go on, to continue tieáp ñaõi v. to receive, to welcome, to treat: tieáp ñaõi quan khaùch to receive guests tieáp ñaàu ngöõ n. prefix tieáp ñoùn v. to greet, to welcome: tieáp ñoùn phaùi ñoaøn thöông maïi nöôùc ngoaøi to welcome a business delegation from a foreign country tieáp giaùp adj. adjoining, contiguous tieáp kieán v. [of high official] to receive tieáp lieäu n. supplies tieáp nhaän v. to receive, to accept tieáp quaûn v. to take over tieáp röôùc v. to welcome, to receive tieáp taân n. reception [party] tieáp teá v. to supply [food, munitions]: só quan tieáp teá supply officer; tieáp teá baèng duø, tieáp teá baèng phi cô maintenance by air; tieáp teá thöïc phaåm food supply tieáp theo v. to continue [put at head of second or later installment of text]; to follow thu v. to receive, to take over tuïc v. to continue, to go on tuyeán n. tangent vó ngöõ n. suffix vieän v. to reinforce, to rescue [troops] xuùc v. to contact [followed by vôùi], to get in touch Tieäp Khaéc n. Czechoslovakia, Czech tieát 1 n. (= maùu, huyeát) blood of slaughtered animal 2 n. bile, anger: loän tieát, caùu tieát, ñieân tieát to get mad 3 n. period: daïy ba tieát moät ngaøy to teach three periods a day 4 n. chastity, virtue: trinh tieát virgin; thaát tieát [of married woman] to commit adultery; thuû tieát to secure a widow 5 n. season; festival; detail; section [of book]: thôøi tieát weather tieát canh n. blood pudding, animal’s blood curd mixed with hashed liver and cartilage tieát cheá adj., v. temperate; to restrain, to limit tieát dieän n. section [geometry] tieát duïc v. to restrain one’s passions and desires tieát ñoä n. moderation tieát haïnh n. faithfulness virtue [of woman] tieát kieäm adj., v. thrifty; to economize, to save tieát laäu/loä v. to leak [secret]; to disclose, to reveal tieát muïc n. section, item tieát taáu n. rhythm tieát thaùo n. moral integrity tieät v. to destroy, to exterminate tieâu 1 v. to spend [money]; to digest [food]; [of food] to be digestible: aên tieâu to spend; chi tieâu to spend 2 n. flute with six effective holes, blown from one end: thoåi tieâu to play a flute; haéc tieâu clarinet 3 n. black pepper: muoái tieâu salt and pepper tieâu bieåu v. to symbolize, to represent tieâu chí n. criterion tieâu chuaån n. standard, norm, model, criterion: tieâu chuaån ñaùnh giaù standards of assessment tieâu chuaån hoaù v. to standardize tieâu cöïc adj., v. negative, passive; to lack zeal, to lack initiative [opp. tích cöïc] tieâu dao v. to stroll, to wander tieâu dieät v. to destroy, to exterminate tieâu duøng v. to spend, to consume tieáp tieáp tieáp tieáp tieáp tieáp 254 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tieâu tieâu tieâu tieâu tieâu tieâu tieâu tieâu tin töùc ñeà n. theme, heading ñieåm n. focus ñieàu adj. desolate ñoäc adj. antiseptic hao adj., v. wasteful; expendable, worn out hoaù v. to digest huyû v. to destroy, to raze khieån v. to amuse oneself, to entertain oneself tieâu tieâu tieâu tieâu ma v. to be gone, to melt away pha v. to spend sô adj. desolate tan v. to melt away; to disintegrate, to be gone tieâu taùn v. to be gone, to be scattered, to be lost tieâu thoå n. scorched earth tieâu thuï v. to consume: ngöôøi tieâu thuï consumer; söùc tieâu thuï consumption tieâu tröø v. to eliminate, to abolish tieâu xaøi v. to spend tieáu laâm n. funny stories, dirty jokes: chuyeän tieáu laâm joke book tieàu n. woodcutter: tieàu phu, ngö tieàu canh ñoäc fisherman, woodsman, plowman and scholar—the four figures in a painting or on a garden rock tieàu tuïy adj. sad, dilapidated, withered, pining, emaciated, haggard, shabby tieåu 1 adj. (= beù, nhoû) small [opp. ñaïi]: cöïc tieåu minimum; tieåu hoïc primary 2 n. Buddhist novice 3 v. to urinate: ñi tieåu to urinate; nöôùc tieåu urine tieåu ban n. sub-committee tieåu bang n. state [in federation] tieåu chuù adv., n. in brief; footnote tieåu coâng ngheä n. small industry, handicrafts tieåu daãn n. notice, foreword tieåu ñaêng khoa n. marriage [as opp. to ñaïi ñaêng khoa graduation at imperial examination] tieåu ñeä n. your younger brother tieåu ñoaøn n. battalion tieåu ñoäi n. squad, small group tieåu ñoàng n. houseboy, servant tieåu gia ñình n. small family [composed of husband, wife and children] [as opp. to extended family ñaïi gia ñình] tieåu hoïc n. primary education, elementary education: tröôøng tieåu hoïc primary school tieåu kyõ ngheä n. small industry tieåu lieân n. machine carbine, submachine gun tieåu luïc ñòa n. sub-continent tieåu luaän n. essay tieåu nhaân n. mean person [Confucianist sense] [opp. quaân töû] nhi n. infant saûn v. to have a miscarriage söû n. biography taâm adj. narrow-minded, mean thuyeát n. novel thuyeát gia n. novelist thö n. girl from a noble family; sophisticated young lady tieåu thöøa n. Hinayana [Buddhism] tieåu thöông n. small business tieåu tieän v. to urinate tieåu tieát n. small detail tieåu toå n. [communist] cell tieåu truyeän n. biography tieåu tö saûn n. petty bourgeoisie tieåu xaûo n. trifling skill tieãu v. to put down, to quell, to repress tieãu phi v. to put down rebels or bandits tieãu tröø v. wipe out, to exterminate tim n. [SV taâm] heart [the organ]: beänh ñau tim heart disease tim la n. syphilis tim tím adj. purple tím adj. purple, violet tím baàm adj. black and blue tím gan adj. suppressed with anger tím ruoät adj. suppressed with anger tìm v. [SV taàm] to seek, to look for, to search for (= kieám): tìm vieäc laøm to look for a job tìm caùch v. to find out the way tìm kieám v. to search, to look for tìm ra v. to find out: tìm ra caâu traû lôøi to find out the answer tìm thaáy v. to find tìm toøi v. to search, to do research tin 1 n., v. news, tidings, information; to inform: baùo tin to inform; loan tin to announce; ñöa tin to bring the news; thoâng tin information; truyeàn tin communication; nguoàn tin ñaùng tin caäy reliable sources 2 v. [SV tín] to trust, to believe, to have confidence in: loøng tin confidence, trust tin caån v. to trust, to rely on: tin caån ngöôøi naøo to trust someone tin caäy v. to trust, to rely on, to depend on tin ñoàn n. rumor Tin Laønh n. Protestantism tin möøng n. good news [marriage, childbirth] tin nhaûm adj. superstitious tin töùc n. news tieåu tieåu tieåu tieåu tieåu tieåu tieåu 255 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tin töôûng tin töôûng v. to trust, to believe, to have confi- tinh thoâng adj. well versed in dence in tinh truøng n. spermaiozoon tin vòt n. false report, hoax tinh tuù n. the stars [astronomy] tín adj., n. trustworthy; trust, faith, reliability: tinh tuyù n. See tinh hoa tinh töôøng adj. clear, proficient, distinct boäi tín a breach of trust; thaát tín to break a tinh vi adj. fine, meticulous, subtle promise; töï tín one’s self-confidence; trung tín loyalty tinh xaûo adj. ingenious tín chæ n. unit [of study]: moät tín chæ vaên hoaù tinh yù adj. intelligent, sharp, quick-minded, Vieät Nam one unit of Vietnamese culture tín duïng n. [economics] credit: theû tín duïng perspicacious tính 1 n. personal character, temper, tem- credit card perament, disposition, nature; sex: baûn tính beänh tinh thaàn mental illness dentally, accidentally, by chance tín ñieàu n. dogma nature; caù tính personality; thieân tính natural tín ñoà n. follower [of a religion], believer disposition; vui tính jovial, happy; khoù tính tín hieäu n. signal difficult to get along with; ñaëc tính characteristics 2 v. [SV toaùn] to calculate, to compute, tín nghóa n. loyalty to reckon, to figure out; to plan to: tính toång tín ngöôõng n. religious beliefs, creed, faith coäng bao nhieâu tieàn to calculate how much tín nhieäm v. to have confidence in, to trust tín phieáu n. letter of credit money all together; baøi tính problem [in math]; baøn tính to discuss, to deliberate; suy tín phuïc v. to trust tính to think over; öôùc tính to estimate tín vaät n. security, pledge tinh 1 adj. intellegent, clever, shrewd: tinh maét tính caùch n. character, nature to have good eyesight; to be meticulous 2 adj. tính chaát n. nature, property, characteristic refined, pure: traéng tinh pure white; môùi tinh tính chia n. division tính coäng n. sum, addition brand new; thuyû tinh glass, crystal 3 adv. nothing but, only 4 n. (= sao) star: cöùu tinh tính ñoá n. problem [in math] savior; minh tinh movie star; kim tinh Venus; tính haïnh n. behavior, conduct moäc tinh Jupiter; thuyû tinh Mercury; hoaû tinh tính khí n. character, nature Mars; thoå tinh Saturn; haønh tinh planet tính maïng n. life tinh anh n. quintessence tính meänh n. life tinh binh n. crack troops tính neát n. disposition, nature, behavior tinh boät n. starch tính nhaåm v. to figure out silently tinh caàu n. star [astronomy] tính nhaân n. multiplication tinh chaát n. essence tính phoûng v. to estimate tinh cheá v. to refine [sugar, petrol]; sôû tinh cheá tính tình n. feelings, sentiments, disposition tính tröø n. subtraction [sugar] refinery, oil distillery tinh dòch n. semen, sperm tính xaáu n. bad manner tinh haûo adj. exquisite tình 1 n. feeling, sentiment; love, affection: tinh hoa n. essence, quintessence; cream; genius caûm tình affection; sympathy; aùùi tình love; tinh khí n. semen, sperm nhaân tình lover; voâ tình inadvertently; chaân tình true love; thaát tình the seven passions tinh khieát adj. clean, pure [hæ joy, noä anger, ai sorrow, cuï fear, aùi love, oá tinh kyø n. flag, banner tinh löïc n. energy hatred, duïc desire] 2 n. condition, state: noäi tình home situation; hieän tình present conditinh ma adj. cunning, crafty, wily tinh nghòch adj. mischievous, roguish tions; thöïc tình honesty tinh nhanh adj. quick, alert tình aùi n. love, romance tinh nhueä adj. [of troops] well-trained tình baùo n. intelligence: cuïc tình baùo departtinh quaùi adj. foxy, artful, cunning ment of intelligent services tinh ranh adj. cunning, crafty, wily tình caûm n. sentiment, feeling: tình caûm chaân thaät true sentiment tinh söông adj. early in the morning tinh teá adj. keen, subtle, discerning tình caûnh n. situation, plight, condition tinh thaàn n. spirit [as opp. to body], mind: tình côø adj., adv. incidental, accidental; coinci256 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tình tình tình tình tình tình toaï vò tòt adj. plugged up, [firecracker phaùo, shell ñaïn] duïc n. sexual desire duyeân n. marriage [bonds] hình n. situation nghi v. to suspect nghóa n. feelings versus duty nguyeän v., n., adj. to volunteer to, to be to be a dud; quiet willing to; volunteer; voluntary nhaân n. lover, mistress, sweetheart nöông n. sweetheart theá n. See tình hình thöïc adv. sincere, genuine, real thöông n. compassion, pity, mercy tieát n. details traïng n. situation, condition, state of affairs tình töï v. to flirt tình yù n. aim, purpose, intention tình yeâu n. love: moät tình yeâu chaân thaät a true love tænh 1 v. to regain consciousness, to wake up [from sleep]: baát tænh nhaân söï unconscious [from fainting, etc.] 2 n. province [as administrative unit]; town, city: tænh thaønh city, urban [as opp. to countryside] tænh boä n. province branch of political party tænh giaûm v. to reduce, to cut down tænh lî n. provincial capital, town tænh ngoä v. to awake [to reality], to have one’s eyes opened; to realize one’s mistake tænh nguû v. to wake up; to be a light sleeper tænh taùo v. to be wide awake, to be alert tænh thaønh n. city, town tænh tröôûng n. chief of province, commissioner tænh uyû n. secretary of province party committee tónh adj. quiet, calm, tranquil, peaceful; static: bình tónh calm; yeân tónh calm, quiet, peaceful tónh n. altar tónh döôõng v. [of convalescent] to get rest, to recover one’s health tónh ñieän n. static electricity tónh löïc hoïc n. statics [as a branch of scientific study] tónh maïch n. vein [biology] tónh taâm v. to have an untroubled mind, to be in a peaceful mood tónh toaï v. to meditate, to sit meditating tónh trí v. to keep one’s mind at peace tònh adv. absolutely, certainly tít 1 n. title, theme, headline 2 adj. almost invisible [because of distance or rapid motion]: xa tít to be very far away; quay tít to spin very fast tình tình tình tình tình tình tình tòt mít v. to remain silent, to shut up tiu n. cymbal tiu nghæu adj., v. embarrassed, to be shamed tíu tít v. to chatter, to bustle noisily to adj. large, big, bulky, husky, stout; [cloth] coarse [opp. nhoû, beù]: ñaàu to [to have] a big head; to ñaàu to be a big shot; buïng to to have a big belly; [of woman] to be pregnant; ñaùnh to to gamble wth high stakes to gan adj. bold, daring to keách suø adj. huge, enormous to lôùn adj. big and tall to taùt adj. big, grand to töôùng adj. huge, enormous, tremendous toø moø adj. curious, inquisitive toø voø n. wasp: cöûa toø voø arch toû 1 v. to express, to reveal, to declare, to communicate clearly; to demonstrate, to prove: toû cho moïi ngöôøi bieát khaû naêng cuûa mình to demonstrate one’s ability 2 adj. clear, luminous, shiny, bright: traêng toû bright moon toû töôøng v. to understand clearly/precisely toû veû v. to appear, to seem, to look toa 1 n. car [in a train]: toa chôû haøng freight car; toa chôû khaùch passenger car 2 n. (= ñôn) prescription toaø n. official or ceremonial seat, government palace, bureau, court of law; classifier noun for temples, buildings: ñöa ra toaø to bring to court or to sue; moõ toaø usher; quan toaø judge; trình toaø to register; toaø ñoâ saûnh prefecture, town hall toaø aùn n. court of law, tribunal: toaø aùn toái cao supreme court; toaø aùn quaân söï military court toaø baùo n. newspaper office toaø ñaïi hình n. criminal court toaø phaù aùn n. Supreme Court of Appeal toaø sen n. Buddha’s throne toaø thaùnh n. Holy See, the Vatican toaø thöôïng thaåm n. Court of Appeal toaû v. [of smoke, odor] to spread, to emanate toaû caûng v. to lock up the harbor: chính saùch beá quan toûa caûng the closed door policy toaï v. (= ngoài) to sit: chuû toaï to preside over [meeting]; cöû toïa the audience; an toaï to be seated toaï ñoä n. coordinates [math] toaï höôûng v. to enjoy without any effort toaï laïc v. [of property] to be located toaï vò n. affix [of a point] 257 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH toaùc toaùc adj. wide open toaïc adj., adv. ripped, torn up; [to speak] openly, frankly, bluntly, flatly toaøn thôøi gian n. full time toaøn thöïc n. total eclipse toaøn trí n. omniscient toaøn veïn adj. whole, intact, complete toang adj. wide open: vôõ toang be shattered toaïi adj. satisfied: toaïi yù fully satisfied toaïi chí v. to be satisfied with one’s will toaïi nguyeän v. to have fulfilled one’s ambitions or ripped to pieces toan v. to intend to, to be about to toang hoaùc adj. wide open toan n. R acid; sour, nöôùc cöôøng toan acid; vò toang hoang adj. all broken, destroyed, toan gastric juice; löu toan sulfuric acid toaùn 1 n. group, band, army 2 v. mathematics: toaùn hoïc mathematics; buùt toaùn arithmetic; keá toaùn accounting; tính toaùn to calculate toaùn hoïc n. mathematics: toaùn hoïc öùng duïng applied mathematics; toaùn hoïc sô caáp elementary mathematics; toaùn hoïc cao caáp higher mathematics; toaùn hoïc ñaëc bieät special mathematics; toaùn hoïc ñaïi cöông general mathematics; toaùn hoïc thuaàn tuùy pure demolished toang toang v. to speak loudly toaùt 1 adv. all over, very: laïnh toaùt ngöôøi to be cold all over; very white; traéng toaùt very white 2 v. to exude, to diffuse: sôï toaùt moà hoâi to break out into a sweat out of fear toaùt yeáu n. summary, resume; abstract, synopsis toùc n. hair [of head]: sôïi toùc a single hair; caét/ hôùt toùc to have a haircut; uoán toùc, laøm toùc to mathematics have a permanent wave; tieäm hôùt toùc barber toaùn phaùp n. mathematics, arithmetic shop; tieäm uoán toùc beauty parlor; nhuoäm toùc to dye one’s hair; ñeå toùc to grow one’s hair; toaøn 1 adj. to be or have or do nothing but, there is nothing but 2 adj. entire, whole, total, ruïng toùc to drop one’s hair; buùi toùc to gather complete; perfect: hoaøn toaøn perfect; ñaïi one’s hair in a chignon toaøn complete; baûo toaøn safeguard; veïn toaøn toùc baïc n. white hair, gray hair [of old person] perfect toùc giaû n. wig toaøn bò adj. complete, total toùc mai n. sideburns toaøn boä n. the whole toùc maây n. beautiful hair [of woman] toaøn caàu n. the whole world toùc saâu n. gray hair [on young person] toaøn daân n. the whole population, everybody toïc maïch v. to be curious toe toeùt adj. showing one’s teeth [when grinin the country, the whole race toaøn dieän n., adj. total, all; global, comprehen- ning cöôøi; talking noùi chuyeän; chewing betel nhai traàu] sive, perfect toaøn gia n. the whole family toeù v. to splash, to splatter toaøn löïc n. all of one’s strength toeø v. to stretch out, to spread out toaøn myõ n. perfect beauty toeùt adj. [of eyes] swollen and red, be rheumy because of conjunctivitis or trachoma; spreadtoaøn naêng adj. all powerful, omnipotent, ing [lips mieäng] when grinning almighty toaøn phaàn adj. [of baccalaureate] complete, toeït adv. bluntly, squarely: soå toeït to cross out whole indiscriminately toaøn quaân n. the whole army toi v. [of efforts, money] to be lost, useless; [of chicken, cattle] to die: cheát toi to die in an epitoaøn quoác n. the whole nation, all of Vietnam toaøn quyeàn n. full powers, plenipotentiary, demic; tieàn toi wasted money; coâng toi lost Governor General: ñöôïc toaøn quyeàn haønh labor; côm toi wasted food ñoäng to have carte blanche; söù thaàn toaøn toøi v. to poke out, to stick out; [of under garquyeàn Minister Plenipotentiary; toaøn quyeàn ment] to be showing Ñoâng döông Governor General of [pre-1945] toûi n. garlic: cuû toûi garlic head tom n. tom tom [noise of drum] Indo-China toaøn taøi adj. accomplished, talented, perfect toùm v. to nab, to seize: toùm ñöôïc, toùm laáy to toaøn thaéng n. total victory sum up; (noùi) toùm laïi to summarize, in short, in a nutshell toaøn theå n. the whole, all toaøn thieän adj. perfect, flawless toùm coå v. to nab toaøn thònh n. full prosperity, zenith, peak toùm taét v. to sum up, to summarize 258 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH toái toùm thaâu v. to gather, to unite toøm exclam. Splash!: rôi toøm xuoáng nöôùc to toå toå toå toå toå toå toå toå fall into the water toøm tem v. to long for, to yearn for toõm v. to plop ton hoûn adj. all red ton hoùt v. to flatter, to fawn on toøn ten v. to dangle, to hang loose tong v. to be lost, to lose toøng v. See tuøng toïng v. to stuff, to cram toùp v. to shrink, to shrivel up toùp môõ n. rendered fat toùp teùp v. to chew noisily toïp v. to lose weight, to become dwarfed toùt v. to hurry ahead: nhaûy toùt to jump with and played by five persons toå toâng n. ancestors, forefathers toå truyeàn adj. hereditary toå tröôûng n. cell head, team leader, group leader toác 1 v. [of garment] to be blown up [by the one leap; chaïy toùt to rush toït v. to spring, to leap, to bounce: nhaûy toït hôïp n. union, trust, co-op team maãu n. grandmother ong n. beehive phuï n. grandfather quoác n. fatherland, motherland sö n. patron saint, founder, creator tieân n. ancestors, forefathers toâm n. card game using a deck of 120 cards ra to bounce out; chaïy toït leân to run to, to dash to toâ 1 n. large bowl: moät toâ mì a bowl of noodles 2 v. to draw, to color: toâ maøu hình veõ naày to color this picture 3 n. rent: ñòa toâ, ñieàn toâ land rent; giaûm toâ to reduce the rent Toâ Caùch Lan n. Scotland, Scottish, Scot toâ ñieåm v. to embellish, to adorn, to decorate toâ giôùi n. concession [in foreign city, eg. British concession in pre-war Shanghai] toâ hoâ adj. stark naked toá v. to denounce, to sue: ñaáu toá ñòa chuû to denounce landlords toá caùo v. to denounce, to accuse toá giaùc v. to denounce, to inform against/on someone toá khoå v. [communist] to denounce landlord/ employer before the people’s court as having done some injustice toá nga n. beautiful girl; the moon toá nöõ n. beautiful woman toá tuïng v. to instigate a lawsuit, to take a legal case, to sue toå 1 n. nest [of bird chim], hive [of bees ong], anthill: toå chim bird nest 2 n. cell, group: tieåu toå cell; toå daân phoá people’s cell 3 adv. only 4 n. ancestor, forefather; patron saint, founder: oâng toå grandparent; thuûy toå ancestor toå aám 1 n. forebears, ancestors 2 n. love nest, happy home toå chöùc v., n. to organize, to set up; organization toå ñæa n. leech’s nest: raùch nhö toå ñæa in rags and tatters wind], to lift up 2 adj. to be speedy, fast: caáp toác urgent, pressing; gia toác to speed up, to accelerate; duïc toác baát ñaït haste is of the devil toác ñoä n. speed, velocity, rate: toác ñoä ban ñaàu muzzle velocity, initial velocity; toác ñoä di chuyeån rate of marching; flight speed; toác ñoä luùc leân take-off speed; toác ñoä sô khôûi muzzle velocity, initial velocity; toác ñoä thöôøng normal velocity; toác ñoä toái ña maximum speed; toác ñoä toái thieåu minimum speed; toác ñoä trung bình medium pace, average speed; toác ñoä tuyeät ñoái absolute velocity, ground speed; ñoåi toác ñoä to shift gear; hoäp toác ñoä gearbox toác ñoä keá n. speedometer toác haønh adj. [of train] express, fast: chuyeán taøu toác haønh an express train toác kyù n. shorthand; stenography, stenographer: maùy toác kyù stenotypist toác löïc n. speed, velocity: chaïy heát toác löïc to run at full speed toäc n. (= hoï) family, clan: gia toäc family; ñoàng toäc of the same family; tröôûng toäc clan head; daân toäc people; tam toäc the three clans [three generations]; quyù toäc aristocracy; hoaøng toäc royal family; chuûng toäc race toäc tröôûng n. clan head, patriarch toâi 1 pron. [used for non-relatives] I, me 2 n. servant, slave, subject [of king]: laøm toâi to be a servant 3 v. to mix, to slake [lime], to temper: toâi voâi to slake lime toâi con n. servant and child toâi ñoøi n. servant(s) toâi moïi n. slave toâi tôù n. servant, subject toái 1 adj. dark, obscure; slow-witted: trôøi toái it’s dark; buoàng toái dark room 2 n. night, evening: toái hoâm qua last night; toái hoâm 259 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH toái cao nay this evening; toái ñeán at nightfall, in the evening 3 adv. very, extremely, most: toái maät extremely secret toái cao adj. high, supreme: toaø aùn toái cao supreme court toái caàn adj. essential, urgent, needy toái daï adj. thick-headed toái ña n., adj. maximum toái haäu adj. last of all, ultimate, final toái haäu thö n. ultimatum toái hueä quoác n. most-favored nation toái kî adj. avoided toái maét v. to be blinded [by profit, etc.] toái maät adj. top secret toái mòt adj. pitch dark toái moø adj. pitch dark toái muø adj. pitch dark toái ngaøy n. day and night, all day long toái om adj. pitch dark toái taêm adj., v. very dark, gloomy; to be dark; to faint toái taân adj. ultra-modern, most up to date toái thieåu n., adj. minimum toái öu adj. excellent, super, top-priority, top rank toài adj. bad, mean, mediocre toài baïi adj. bad, shameful, depraved toài taøn adj. bad-looking, very poor: tình traïng toài taøn a very poor condition toài teä adj. miserable, mean, wicked toäi n. crime, offense, sin, guilt: can, phaïm toäi to commit a crime; coù toäi criminal; guilty; voâ toäi innocent; röûa toäi to baptize; thuù toä to confess; tha toäi to pardon; xaù toäi to give amnesty; buoäc toäi to charge; can toäi guilty of; khinh toäi offense; troïng toäi crime toäi aùc n. crime toäi ñoà n. exile toäi loãi n. sin, guilt toäi nghieäp adj., v. pitiful; to feel sorry for toäi nhaân n. defendant, culprit, offender, criminal toäi phaïm n. offender, criminal toäi tình n. misfortune toäi vaï n. fault toâm n. shrimp, prawn: maém toâm shrimp paste, bagong; chaïo toâm grilled shrimp paste on sugar cane; baùnh phoàng toâm deep fried shrimp cakes [for cocktails] toâm he n. See toâm toâm huøm n. lobster toâm roàng n. lobster toâm teùp n. shrimps toân 1 n. (= chaùu) grandchild: taèng toân great- grandchild; ñích toân eldest son of one’s eldest son; noäi toân one’s son’s child; ngoaïi toân one’s daughter’s child; töû toân children and grandchildren, offspring 2 v. to honor, to admire, to venerate: toân kính to honor, to respect; töï toân maëc caûm superiority complex toân chæ n. guiding principle, policy [of newspaper] toân giaùo n. religion, faith toân kính v. to respect, to honor, to venerate toân mieáu n. ancestral temple toân nghieâm adj. solemn toân nöõ n. girl from a royal family toân phuïc v. to honor, to respect toân suøng v. to honor toân sö n. master, the most venerable teacher toân thaát n. royal family toân toäc n. relative, kinsman toân troïng v. to respect, to honor [treaty, etc.] toân tröôûng n. eldest son of family toân ty n. hierarchy toán v., adj. to cost [money, time, efforts]; to be costly, expensive: toán tieàn to cost a lot of money toán cuûa adj. costly toán keùm adj. expensive, costly toán tieàn adj. expensive toàn v. to exist, to remain, to preserve: baûo toàn vaên hoaù to preserve one’s culture; sinh toàn to live; coäng toàn to co-exist toàn caên n. stub, counterfoil toàn coå adj. conservative toàn kho v. to be in stock toàn khoaûn n. account balance [in bank] toàn taïi v. to exist, to survive toàn tröõ v. to keep, to conserve toân vong v. to exist and to disappear toån adj. (= toán) costly: phí toån expensive toån haïi adj. harmful toån phí n. expenses, expenditures toån thaát v., n. to lose; loss, damage, casualty toån thoï adj. life-shortening toån thöông v. to hurt [pride], to wound toâng n. family; ancestor: toå toâng sect, school; thieàn toâng Zen Buddhism toâng ñoà n. apostle toâng ñô n. hair clippers toâng tích n. origin toáng 1 v. to expel, to kick out: toáng ra khoûi nhaø to be kicked out of one’s house; toáng tieàn to blackmail 2 v. to hit, to strike toáng bieät v. to see [someone] off 260 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH toáng toáng toáng toáng toáng toáng tôûm coå v. to throw out, to kick out ñaït v. to transmit [memorandum] giam v. to arrest, to take into custody khöù v. to expel, to kick out nguïc v. to throw into jail taùng v. to organize a funeral, to bury toång traán n. governor toång tröôûng n. minister, secretary: toång tröôûng ngoaïi giao secretary of state [U.S.] toång tuyeån cöû n. general elections toång tö leänh n. Commander-in-Chief toång uyû vieân n. general commissioner toáp n. group, bare squad toát adj. good; [of weather] fine; [of day] aus- [someone] toáng thö vaên v. to send a messenger toång n. canton, district: cai toång, chaùnh toång canton chief toång boä n. central committee [of a political party] toång chæ huy n. Commander-in-Chief toång chuû giaùo n. archbishop toång coâng ñoaøn n. general confederation of unions toång coäng n. grand total toång cuïc n. general department toång ñaøi n. switchboard/telephone operator toång ñình coâng n. general strike toång ñoác n. province chief [in pre-republican days] toång ñoäng binh n. general mobilization toång ñoäng vieân n. general mobilization toång giaùm ñoác n. director-general toång giaùm muïc n. archbishop toång haønh dinh n. general headquarters toång hoäi n. general association toång hôïp n., adj., v. synthesis; synthetic, general; to combine toång keát v. to sum up; to conclude, to add up grand total toång khôûi nghóa n. general uprising toång laõnh söï n. consul-general: toaø toång laõnh söï consulate-general toång luaän n. general conclusion toång lyù n. [obsol.] prime minister; general manager toång nha n. general office/department toång phaûn coâng n. general counter-offensive toång quaùt n., adj. general view; in general toång saûn löôïng n. total products: toång saûn löôïng quoác gia gross national product [GNP] toång soá n. grand total toång taán coâng n. general offensive toång tham möu n. general staff toång thanh tra n. inspector-general toång thoáng n. President [of a republic]: phoù toång thoáng vice-president [of a republic]; Dinh Toång thoáng the Presidential Palace; Phuû Toång thoáng the Presidency toång thoáng phuû n. the Presidency toång thö kyù n. secretary-general picious, lucky [opp. xaáu]: thôøi tieát toát fine weather; töôi toát beautiful, fresh toát buïng adj. kind-hearted toát duyeân n. happy marriage toát ñeïp adj. fine, good toát ñoâi adj. well-matched toát laønh adj. good, fine; auspicious toát maõ adj. good looking toát maùi adj. prolific [of childbearing] toát nghieäp v. to graduate toát soá adj. lucky toát töôi adj. beautiful toät n. highest degree, top, summit toät baäc n. top level, top notch toät ñænh n. summit, peak toät ñoä n. highest degree toät phaåm n. top quality tô 1 n. silk, thread: tô nhaân taïo synthetic silk; oâng Tô God of Marriages; keát toùc xe tô to marry 2 adj. young, tender [of chicken, girl]: trai tô young man; vòt tô young duck tô duyeân n. marriage bonds tô haøo adv. not in the least, not at all tô hoàng n. thread of marriage, dodder tô loøng n. ties of affection, attachment tô maønh n. fine silk tô töôûng v. to dream tôù 1 n. servant: ñaøy tôù servant 2 pron. I, me [friendly first person] tôø n. sheet of paper; classifier for papers, newspapers (= tôø baùo): tôø giaáy a piece of paper tôø khai n. declaration, statement tôø môø adj. dark, somber, dim tôi 1 adj. torn: taû tôi torn out 2 n. palm-leaf raincoat: aùo tôi, aùo möa raincoat tôi bôøi adj. ragged, in disorder tôi taû adj. in rags, in tatters tôùi v. (= ñeán) to come, to arrive: tôùi nôi to reach, to arrive; lui tôùi to frequent; taán tôùi to progress; ñi tôùi to move forward tôùi taáp adj. repeatedly beaten; to rain hard tôûm v., adj. to loathe so much as to become nauseous; to be nauseating: gheâ tôûm nauseating, disgusting 261 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH tôùn nhieäm to be responsible; traùch nhieäm responsibilities, duties tôïn very tough; khoù tôïn very tough trai 1 n. son, boy, young man 2 n. oyster: haït trai, ngoïc trai pearl; muõ löôõi trai cap [with visor] tôïp adj. v. sip, mouthful; to gulp tra 1 v. to put in or fit in [a part such as a tenon trai traùng adj. young and strong into a mortise]: thaùo ra tra vaøo to take apart, trai treû adj. young then put together 2 v. to investigate; to exam- traùi 1 n. (= quaû): haùi traùi to pick fruits; baùnh ine, to inspect: thanh tra, kieåm tra to inspect; traùi cakes and fruits; leân traùi to have smalltra hoûi, tra taán to interrogate, to question; tra pox; troàng traùi to vaccinate against smallpox töø ñieån to look up a dictionary 2 adj. [opp. phaûi] to act contrary to, be contrary to, wrong; [of garment] to be inside out; left [as tra hoûi v. to interrogate, to question: tra khaûo opp. to right maët, phaûi]: phaûi traùi right and to examine, to investigate tra taán v. to interrogate; to beat up, to torture wrong; beân (tay) traùi on the left, to the left; tra vaán v. to interrogate, to question maët traùi reverse side; ñi beân traùi to keep to the left traù adj. false, deceitful: doái traù to tell a lie; gian traù to cheat traùi caây n. fruit: tieäm baùn traùi caây a fruit shop traù hình v. to disguise oneself traùi chuû n. creditor traù haøng v. to pretend to surrender traùi chöùng n. illness, sickness traù hoân v. to substitute another girl for the traùi ñaát n. the earth traùi khoaûn n. debt bride traø n. tea [both the leaves and the beverage]. traùi khoaùy n. contradiction See che: phoøng traø tea room; tieäc traø tea traùi laïi adv. on the contrary; on the other hand party; pha traø to make tea; uoáng traø to drink traùi maét adj. shocking to the eyes traùi muøa adj. out of season, out of fashion tea; traø dö töûu haäu after tea, after drink traø hoa nöõ n. camellia traùi ngöôïc v., adj. to contradict; to be contratraø thaát n. teahouse dictory, opposite traø troän v. to mingle [in a crowd]: traø troän vaøo traùi phaù n. artillery shell: traùi phaù chaâm noå ñaùm ñoâng to mingle in a crowd armor piercing shell; traùi phaù chieáu saùng illutraû v. to pay, to return, to give back: traû tieàn mination shell; traùi phaù hoaû muø, traùi phaù khoùi thueâ nhaø to pay rent; traû saùch thö vieän to smoke shell; traùi phaù noå high explosive shell, return books to a library bursting shell; traùi phaù löûa incendiary shell, traû ñuõa v. to retaliate fuse shell; traùi phaù xuyeân phaù tracer shell traû leã v. to convey one’s thanks with presents traùi pheùp adj. unlawful, illegal traû lôøi v. to answer, to reply: traû lôøi thö cuûa traùi tai adj. shocking to the ears baïn to reply to a letter traùi thôm n. pineapple (= döùa) traû ôn v. to reciprocate someone’s favor/help traùi tim n. heart traû thuø v. to avenge oneself, to take revenge on traûi 1 v. to spread [mat chieáu, rug thaûm, etc.] traùc v. to cheat 2 v. to experience, to go through: traûi qua to traùc taùng adj. debauched, depraved come through; töøng traûi to be experienced traùc tuyeät adj. outstanding traïi n. farm, plantation: noâng traïi farm; traïi lính camp; barracks; caém traïi to camp; löûa traùc vieät adj. outstanding traïi jamboree, campfire; trang traïi farm, villa traïc adv. about, approximately: traïc ba möôi about thirty years old traïi chuû n. farm owner traùch v. to take to task, to blame, to complain: traïi giam n. concentration camp quôû traùch to scold; khieån traùch to blame; to traïi giaùo hoaù n. re-education center impeach traïi huûi n. leper colony traùch cöù v. to hold someone responsible; to traïi taäp trung n. concentration camp blame traùm 1 n. olive: hình quaû traùm diamondtraùch maéng v. to reprimand, to scold shaped 2 v. to stop up, to caulk: traùm thuyeàn to caulk a boat traùch moùc v. to reproach with, to reprove, to reprimand traûm v. (= cheùm) to behead, to chop off, to traùch nhieäm n. responsibility: chòu traùch execute: xöû traûm to behead tôùn adj. curled up; excited, stirred tôïn adj. daring, bold; naughty: döõ tôïn, hung 262 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH traùt traïm n. station, stop, resting place for mailmen: traøng traïm xe buyùt bus station; phu traïm mailman, traïng postman traïng traïm caáp cöùu n. first-aid station, first-aid traïng post: traïm caáp cöùu chính main dressing station; traïm cöùu thöông first-aid station, medical station traïm xaêng n. gas/petrol station traùn n. forehead, brow: chaïm traùn to confront, to face [vôùi with] traøn v. to overflow; to spread [ñeán, tôùi, sang, vaøo into]: ñaày traøn overflowing; lan traøn to spread traøn ngaäp v. to submerge, to flood, to overflow traøn treà v. to be overflowing trang n. page [of book]: môû saùch ra trang soá möôøi to open one’s book to page ten trang bò v. to equip trang ñieåm v. to adorn oneself, to make up, to beautify with cosmetics trang hoaøng v. to decorate: trang hoang nhaø cöûa to decorate one’s house trang kim n. gold paper, spangle trang nghieâm adj. serious, solemn: khoâng khí trang nghieâm solemn atmosphere trang nhaõ adj. refined, elegant: aên maëc trang nhaõ to dress elegantly trang söùc v. to adorn, to embellish trang traûi v. to pay back, to settle [debts] trang trí v., adj. to decorate; ornamental: trang trí noäi thaát to decorate the interior traùng 1 v. to rinse [dishes, glasses]; to apply a coat of enamel or paint; to spread thin [dough, etc.] so as to make pancakes, omelets, etc.: ñoà traùng mieäng dessert; tröùng traùng omelet; baùnh traùng rice waffle, rice paper 2 adj. to be strong, brave: cöôøng traùng, huøng traùng virile, strong; lính traùng soldiers traùng kieän adj. strong and healthy, hale and hearty traùng leä adj. stately, imposing traùng só n. valiant man traøng 1 n. bowels, intestine: tröïc traøng rectum; maïch traøng caecum; nhuaän traøng laxative 2 n. chain, string [of beads, flowers, firecrackers, etc.]; salve: moät traøng phaùo tay a round of applause traøng haït n. rosary, beads: laàn traøng haït to count one’s beads traøng hoa n. garland of flowers traøng maïng n. veil traøng nhaïc n. necklace of small bells; scrofula phaùo n. string of firecrackers aên n. big eater huoáng n. situation nguyeân n. first doctoral candidate [under old system] röôïu n. great drinker sö n. lawyer thaùi n. state, condition, situation töø n. adverb 1 n. straw, grass used for thatching: nhaø tranh, leàu tranh straw hut 2 n. picture, painting tranh aûnh n. pictures, illustrations tranh bieän v. to debate, to discuss, to argue tranh caõi v. to debate, to discuss tranh chaáp v. to fight for, to dispute tranh ñaáu v. to struggle, to fight for tranh ñoaït v. to seize, to usurp tranh giaønh v. to dispute, to compete tranh huøng v. to fight for supremacy tranh khoân v. to match wits tranh quyeàn v. to fight for power tranh thuû v. to fight for [independence ñoäc laäp]; to save [time thôøi gian]; to make use of, to take advantage of: tranh thuû neàn ñoäc laäp to fight for independence tranh tuïng v. to sue one another traùnh v. to avoid, to dodge; to stand aside, to make way: troán traùnh to avoid, to shun; khoâng traùnh ñöôïc inevitable, unavoidable traùnh maët v. to avoid meeting someone traùnh tieáng v. to avoid becoming the topic of gossip, to keep one’s good name safe traønh v. to lean, to bend: troøng traønh unsteady trao v. See giao trao ñoåi v. to exchange: trao ñoåi kinh nghieäm to exchange one’s experience traùo v. to substitute or to switch a faked article for an authentic one traùo trôû adj. dishonest, crooked, devious traøo v. to overflow traøo boït v. to foam traøo boït meùp v. to drivel, to slobber traøo loäng v. to mock, to ridicule, to satirize traøo löu n. trend, movement: traøo löu vaên hoaù môùi new cultural movement traøo maùu v. to vomit blood traøo phuùng n., adj. satire; satirical traùp n. wooden container, box: traùp traàu betel box; traùp nöõ trang jewel box traùt 1 v. to coat, to plaster; to smear 2 n. warrant, order, summons: traùt ñoøi ra toaø court order traïng traïng traïng traïng tranh 263 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH trau trau v. to polish, to adorn: trau lôøi vaên to pol- traéng noõn adj. [of complexion] soft and very ish one’s style trau gioài v. to cultivate [virtue ñöùc haïnh]; to improve [knowledge hoïc thöùc, kieán thöùc]: trau gioài kieán thöùc to improve one’s knowledge traûy v. to pick [fruit] traéc n. rosewood, kingwood traéc aån n. pity, compassion traéc dieän hoïc n. planimetry traéc ñòa v. to survey land traéc ñoà n. profile: traéc ñoà ngang cross section; traéc ñoà doïc longitudinal section traéc löôïng v. to measure land, to survey traéc nghieäm v., n. to test; test, experiment: traéc nghieäm khaû naêng tieáng Anh to test one’s English traéc trôû adj. difficult traëc v. to be dislocated, to be out of joint, to sprain: traëc tay to sprain one’s arm traêm num. [SV baùch] hundred: moät traêm hai möôi/chuïc 120; hai traêm tö (= hai traêm boán möôi/chuïc) 240; haøng traêm hundreds of; phaàn traêm hundredth, percent traêm hoï n. the people, everyone traêm naêm n. a man’s life; for ever: baïn traêm naêm one’s spouse traém n. pike traèm n. earring traên n. python traèn v. to roll, to toss traèn troïc v. to toss in bed, to have insomnia traêng n. the moon traêng gioù v. to flirt traêng hoa v., adj. to flirt; flirtatious traêng maät n. honeymoon traêng traéng adj. whitish traéng adj., adv. [SV baïch] white; [of hands hai baøn tay] to be empty; blank; [to speak] frankly: maëc/baän ñoà traéng dressed in white; loøng traéng tröùng egg white; boû traéng to leave blank; giaáy traéng writing paper, blank page; kính traéng eyeglasses, reading glasses traéng aùn v. to be acquitted, to get cleared by the court traéng baïch adj. very white, pale traéng daõ adj. [of eyes] white traéng heáu adj. [of skin] light white traéng maét adj., v. disillusioned; to realize one’s mistake traéng môûn adj. [of complexion] tender white traéng ngaø adj. ivory white traéng nhôït adj. very pale white traéng traéng traéng traéng phau adj. very white tinh adj. immaculate, spotless white toaùt adj. immaculate, spotless white treûo adj. light white: da traéng treûo light white complexion traéng trôïn adj. blunt; cynical; rude traéng xoaù adj. dazzling white traâm n. hairpin traâm anh theá phieät n. nobility traàm v. R to sink (= chìm); R heavy, serious: traàm troïng, traàm mình to drown oneself; thaêng traàm ups and downs; thaâm traàm reserved, undemonstrative traàm 1 n. aquilaria 2 adj. [of voice] to be deep, low: leân boång xuoáng traàm modulating, singing [tone of voice]; traàm huøng to be moving; traàm höông aquilaria; traàm laëng to be quiet, taciturn; traàm luaân to be immersed in misfortune traàm maëc adj. quiet, taciturn traàm ngaâm adj. pensive, meditative, thoughtful traàm tónh adj. quiet, calm, taciturn traàm treä adj., v. heavy, slow, stagnant; to stagnate traàm troïng adj. [of illness] serious traàm troà v., adj. to praise; to be full of admiration, admirable traàm tö maëc töôûng adj. meek; to be lost in meditation traåm v. to suppress, to hush up traãm 1 v. to drown oneself: traãm mình xuoáng nöôùc to throw oneself into the water 2 pron. I, me [used by king] traân v. to be lost to shame, to remain brazenfaced traân chaâu n. pearl Traân Chaâu Caûng n. Pearl Harbor traân troïng adv. respectfully, solemnly: toâi xin traân troïng giôùi thieäu cuøng quyù vò have the honor and privilege to present to you traán n. market town, town: thò traán town center traán v. to repress, to block the way, to stand in the way: ñöùng traán cöûa ra vaøo to stand in the way of the front door traán aùp v. to repress, to overwhelm traán ñònh v. to appease, to soothe traán giöõ v. to guard, to defend, to protect traán thuû v. to guard, to defend [a place] traán tónh v. to control oneself, to keep calm traàn 1 adj. semi-naked: côûi traàn, ôû traàn half 264 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH treøo naked; ñaàu traàn hatless, bare; loät traàn to strip, to unmask; traàn nhö nhoäng stark naked 2 n. ceiling: traàn nhaø ceiling; quaït traàn ceiling fan traàn ai n. this world traàn bì n. dried tangerine skin [used for medicinal purposes] traàn duyeân n. lot, destiny, fate traàn gian n. the world, this world traàn hoaøn n. this world traàn lieät v. to lay out, to display traàn luïy n. pains of life, worries of life traàn taáu v. to report to the king traàn theá n. this world traàn thieát v. to arrange, to display; to decorate traàn thuaät v. to explain, to testify traàn thuyeát v. to explain, to set forth traàn tình v. to set forth, to make clear traàn truïi adj. stark naked traàn truoàng adj. naked traàn tuïc n. human life traän n. combat, battle; classifier for fights, wars, attacks, matches, rains, storms, etc.: traän ñaáu matches; maët traän front; töû traän to die in action; ra traän to go into battle; baïi traän defeated, beaten; thaéng traän victorious; ngöïa traän war horse; taäp traän maneuver, military exercise; moät traän cöôøi a fit of laughter traän ñòa n. battlefield, battleground traän ñoà n. strategy, plan traän giaëc n. war traän maïc n. battle, fight, combat traän tuyeán n. battle line, front traän vong v. to die in battle: chieán só traän vong war dead traâng traùo v. to be brazen-faced traäp truøng v. to accumulate [of waves, mountains] traät 1 n. level, grade, rank: phaåm traät official rank; thaêng traät to promote 2 adj. erroneous, wrong; off course traät baùnh v. to be derailed traät ñöôøng v. to take the wrong road traät tröôõng v. to be staggering, to be unstable, to be reeling traät töï n. order: giöõ traät töï to maintain order; laøm roái traät töû to disturb order; voâ traät töï disorderly; toân ti traät töï hierarchy; traät töï coâng coäng public order; coù traät töï orderly traâu n. water buffalo, carabao: chuoàng traâu buffalo stable, buffalo shed; ñaàu traâu maët ngöïa ruffian, hoodlum, hooligan traâu traâu traâu traâu traâu traâu traáu boø n. livestock, cattle caùi n. she buffalo, buffalo cow con n. buffalo calf (= ngheù) moäng n. gelded buffalo naùi n. buffalo cow ngöïa n. slaves n. rice husk: nhö traáu [of mosquitoes muoãi] to be abundant traàu n. betel leaf traàu cau n. betel and areca-nut traây 1 v. to smear, to soil, to tarnish 2 adj. to be lazy, negligent traây löôøi adj. lazy traày v. to be scratched, to scrape off, to abrade: traày da to abrade one’s skin traày traày traåy traåy traät v. to have great diffculties truïa v. to be all scratched up v. to travel, to go sightseeing hoäi v. to make a pilgrimage, to go on a pilgrimage: traåy hoäi chuøa Höông to go on a pilgrimage to Huong Pagoda tre n. [SV truùc] bamboo: khoùm tre a clump of bamboo; laù tre bamboo leaves; maêng tre bamboo shoots; luõy tre bamboo hedge, girdle of bamboo sticks; ñuõa tre bamboo chopsticks treû adj. young, young child [opp. giaø]: lôùn beù giaø treû old and young, everyone; con treû children; tuoåi treû youth; trai treû young treû con n. child, kid, youngster treû em n. child, kid treû giaø n. young and old treû laïi v. to be rejuvenated treû maêng adj. very young treû nhoû n. children, kids treû thô n. a very young child treo v. to hang, to suspend; to display [flag]; to offer [prize giaûi]: cheát treo hanged; treo côø to display a flag treo baûng v. to publish the list of successful candidates [in examination] treo coå v. to hang [criminal] treo côø v. to display flags treo giaûi v. to offer a prize treo gioø v. to suspend [a soccer player], to penalize treo göông v. to hang a mirror; to set an example treo moõm v. to be starved treùo v. to be at an angle, to cross: treùo chaân to cross one’s legs treøo v. to climb: leo treøo to climb; chôi treøo to pursue friendship with someone above one’s social position 265 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH treøo ñeøo laën suoái treøo ñeøo laën suoái v. to climb up hill and go tri hoâ v. to shout for help tri huyeän n. district chief [in delta] treøo leo v. to climb tri kyû n. close friend treøo non vöôït bieån v. to be up hill and down tri naêng n. knowledge and ability dale tri ngoä n. friendship at first sight treïo adj. to be out of natural position; to be out tri phuû n. district chief [in delta] of joint, be dislocated; [of neck] stiff; [of ankle] tri thöùc n. knowledge sprained trí n. mind, spirit, wit, intelligence; knowledge, wisdom: taøi trí ability and intelligence; nhanh treïo coå v. to have a stiff neck trí intelligent treïo hoïng v. to lie, to slander treùt v. to smear; to calk trí duïc n. intellectual education treâ n. catfish, silurus trí duõng n. wisdom and courage treà v. to purse, to pout [one’s lips moû, moâi]: treà trí khoân n. intelligence moâi to pout one’s lips trí löïc n. mental power, intellect, mind treã 1 adj. late: treã möôøi phuùt ten minutes late; trí möu n. resourcefulness beâ treã tardy, dragging; ñeán treã to be late, to trí naõo n. brain, mind come late 2 adj. hanging, drooping trí nhôù n. memory treã giôø adj. late trí só n. retired official treã naûi adj. tardy; lazy trí thöùc n. intellect, intellectual, intelligentsia treä 1 adj. stopped; late: ñình treä held up, trí traù adj. crafty, wily delayed; ngöng treä delayed, stopped 2 v. to trí tri v. to deepen knowledge sag: buïng treä a sagging belly trí tueä n. intelligence treäch v. to veer off, to miss [target] trí töôûng töôïng n. imagination treân prep., adv. above, on, upon, over, upper: ôû trí xaûo adj. astute, cunning treân ñaàu over, on one’s head: treân gaùc, treân trì v. to hold; to support, to help: duy trì to down dale laàu upstairs; treân traàn on the ceiling; treân trôøi in the sky; ngöôøi treân superior; caáp treân higher rank; taàng treân upper floor; moâi treân upper lip; haøm treân upper jaw; treân khoâng in the air; treân boä on land, ashore; treân döôùi around [a certain amount]; Beà treân Superior [of monastery, convent]; treân ñôøi naøy in this world; treân caên baûn bình ñaúng on an equal basis treät adj. flattened: nhaø treät one-storied house treâu v. to tease, to pester, to plague; to flirt; to provoke treâu choïc v. to tease treâu gan v. to irritate, to provoke treâu gheïo v. to tease, to pester, to plague treâu ngöôi v. to irritate, to provoke treáu traùo v. to chew briefly treàu traøo v. to be overflowing tri v. (= bieát) to know: voâ tri inanimate; töông tri to understand each other; tieân tri prophet; coá tri old friend; thoâng tri to inform tri aâm n., v. close friend; to fully understand one another aân v. to be grateful giaùc n. perception giao v. to have a friendly relationship haønh n. theory and practice tri tri tri tri preserve, to maintain; hoä trì to help, to assist; truï trì [of monk] to be in charge of a temple; kieân trì patient trì chí adj. patient trì ñoän adj. dull, apathetic, lazy trì hoaõn v. to delay, to postpone trì thuû v. to guard, to preserve tró n. hemorrhoid tró muõi n. polyp in the nose trò v. to administer, to govern, to rule; to cure [disease, patient]: thoáng trò to rule; ñieàu trò, trò lieäu to cure diseases; tröøng trò to punish; baát trò uncontrollable; töï trò self-governing, autonomous trò an v. to pacify, to maintain order trò giaù v. to be worth [so much], to value trò lieäu v. to cure, to treat trò soá n. value trò söï söï v. to manage: ban trò söï board of directors trò thuyû v. to control floods trò toäi v. to punish trò vì v. [of king] to reign, to rule trích v. to extract, to excerpt, to take out; to set aside [a certain amount]: trích moät ñoaïn vaên to extract; trích moät soá tieàn to set aside a sum of money trích daãn v. to quote 266 VIETNAMESE–ENGLISH troø treû con haøng trieäu millions of 2 v. to summon; to call: trieäu ñaïi söù veà nöôùc to recall the ambas- trích dòch v. to translate excerpts trích dieãn n. excerpts [from literary works] trích ñaêng v. to print, to publish parts of trích luïc v. to duplicate, to copy: trích luïc sador home trieäu chöùng n. symptom; omen trieäu hoài v. to recall [an official] trieäu phuù n. millionaire trieäu taäp v. to call a meeting, to convene, to khai sinh to duplicate a birth certificate trích yeáu n. summary, outline, abstract, synopsis tròch adj. very heavy: naëng trình tròch very heavy tròch thöôïng 1 v. to hold a superior rank; to 2 adj. condescending: gioïng tròch thöôïng condescending tone trieàn n. slope [of mountain nuùi], basin [of river soâng] be lofty trieàn mieân adj. tangled up, interminable trieån haïn v. to extend a deadline trieån khai v. to develop, to expand trieån laõm v., n. to exhibit; exhibition: cuoäc trieån laõm hoäi hoïa painting exhibition trieån voïng n. prospect, expectation, outlook trieän n. seal, stamp: chöõ trieän seal characters trieát n. philosophy: nhaø hieàn trieát philosopher trieát gia n. philosopher trieát hoïc n. philosophy [the study] trieát lyù n. philosophy [of a man or religion]