LESSON PLAN IN ENGLISH 8
School Palayuhan High School
Teacher Jonel Elman
Learning Area English
I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Content Standards
Performance Standards
Learning Competencies/Code
Objectives
● Knowledge
Grade Level 8
Quarter 3
Teaching Dates & Duration Q3W7
March 18-21, 2024
Using parallel structures
Use parallel structures. (ENG8-Ia-7)
At the end of the lesson, the learners would be able to:
Identify parallel structure in sentences.
●
●
Skills
Attitude
Correct sentences with faulty parallelism; and
Recognize how parallelism helps in the overall
understandability of a sentence by accomplishing the tasks and
activities provided.
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Materials pages
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional Materials from
Learning Resource (LR) portal
Quarter 3 Module 6
Writers: Everon Joy P. Catanus
Editor: Vi Leslie B. Rubio
Reviewers: Judelyn N. Bicoy, Florife S. Gentiles & Vi Leslie B.
Rubio
Layout Artist: Josephine V. Austero
Activity Sheets, TV Set/ Projector, Laptop
B. Other Learning Resources
C. Supplies, Equipment, Tools, etc.
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Review/Introductor
● Prayer
y Activity
● Greetings
● Checking of Attendance
● Review on the previous lesson
Ask the learners to define cohesive devices and let them give examples of
it.
B. Activity/ Motivation
Directions: Study the set of words below. Then, draw a smiley face (😊) if they are
grouped accordingly and a sad face (☹) if not. Do this on your activity notebook.
1. To sing, to dance, to act, to perform
2. Traveling, baking, sleeping, painting, running
C. Analysis/Presentin
g examples of the
new lesson where
the concepts are
clarified
D. Abstraction
3. Printed, decorated, to watch, stranded
4. To fly, to see, to dream, believing
5. To eat, to laugh, to be merry, to enjoy
Directions: The underlined word in each sentence below is erroneous. Make them
correct by choosing the appropriate verbal (gerund, infinitive, or participle) for each
statement. Write the letter of the correct answer on your activity notebook.
1. This hall used to be adorned and embellishing with colorful curtains and
expensive chandeliers. Now, it has become outdated and unattractive.
a. to embellish
c. is embellishing
b. embellished
d. to embellished
2. Last week, Jessie and I went to see nana Jojo in the province. We also went
hiking, boating, and camp.
a. are camping
c. camped
b. we camp
d. camping
Parallel structure (also called parallelism) means using the same pattern of words
to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance
(https://owl.purdue.edu/). This means that there should be balance in the elements
used in the sentence, otherwise it may sound unnatural or confusing to the listener
or reader.
Before moving on, let us first get to know about verbals since most of the elements
contained in the succeeding discussions will have something to do with them.
In traditional grammar, a verbal is a word derived from a verb that functions in a
sentence as a noun or modifier rather than as a verb.
The three verbals—gerunds, infinitives, and participles—are formed from verbs,
but are never used alone as action words in sentences. Instead, verbals function as
nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. These verbals are important in phrases.
• The gerund ends in -ing and functions as a noun.
Jumping is fun. (subject)
He liked skiing. (direct object of the verb liked)
He had a unique way of whistling. (object of the preposition)
• The infinitive is the base form of a verb with to. Usually it functions as a noun,
although it can also function as an adjective or adverb.
To jump is fun. (noun; subject of the verb is)
I like to ski. (noun; direct object of the verb like)
She had a suggestion to offer. (adjective modifying suggestion)
He called to warn her. (adverb modifying the verb called)
• A participle is a verb that ends in -ing (present participle) or -ed, -d, -t, -en, -n
(past participle). Participles may function as adjectives, describing or modifying
nouns.
The talking parrots entertained the crowd.
(present participle; adjective describing parrots)
The wrecked sailboat washed up on shore.
(past participle; adjective describing sailboat)
To ensure parallelism in your sentences, make sure you are not mixing gerunds,
infinitives, and participles in one sentence.
Take a look at this example.
I love drawing, to sing, and watched movies.
From simply looking at it, you can already tell that the sentence is awfully
constructed and needs to be changed. To fix this error, you can have three possible
revisions:
Revision #1: Change all verb forms to gerund.
Revised sentence:
I love drawing, singing, and watching movies.
(I is the subject, love is the verb, and the gerunds drawing, singing, and watching
movies act as the direct object of the verb love.)
Revision #2: Change all verb forms to infinitive.
Revised sentence:
I love to draw, to sing, and to watch movies.
(I is the subject, love is the verb, and the infinitives to draw, to sing, and to watch
movies act as the direct object of the verb love.)
Revision #3: Omit the verb love and make the other verb forms your main
verbs in the simple past form.
Revised sentence:
I drew, sang, and watched movies.
Note that the sentences or clauses with mixed verb forms will sound unnatural and
unbalanced. You want to make sure you use the same format in your sentences for
clarity.
Take a look at these examples.
Incorrect: He likes playing basketball and to watch television.
Correct: He likes playing basketball and watching television.
or He likes to play basketball and to watch television.
Incorrect: She likes reading, playing board games, and to sing.
Correct: She likes reading, playing board games, and singing.
or She likes to read, to play board games, and to sing.
When correcting unparallel sentences such as the ones given above, you may
opt to change it however you like as long as the elements are balanced and the
same. However, most commonly, you would want to look at the first verb form and
make that your basis in changing the other verb forms to make the sentence
parallel.
Let us use the example above.
He likes playing basketball and to watch television.
Notice that the first verb form ends in -ing (gerund). Therefore, it is more preferable
to change the next verb form to watch (infinitive) into a gerund. The new sentence
now becomes:
He likes playing basketball and watching television. (parallel)
WHAT'S MORE
Lack of parallelism can happen in a lot of ways, but the mistake is usually clear
enough to make you cringe when you hear it (grammarly.com).
Here are six basic rules in parallelism:
1. Parallelism is used to balance nouns with nouns, prepositional phrases with
prepositional phrases, gerunds with gerunds, infinitives with infinitives, clauses with
clauses. ➢ He wanted three things: money, power, and security.
➢ Anthony found cleaning supplies in the closet, under the sink but not in the
garage.
➢ Swimming, biking , and running are excellent forms of exercise.
➢ There was no opportunity to do my taxes, to request an extension, or to explain
my situation.
➢ The company doesn’t care about who you are, how you got here, or why you
have come.
Examples:
(series of nouns)
(series of prepositional phrase)
(series of gerunds)
(series of infinitives)
(series of clauses)
2. Parallelism is used with elements joined by coordinating conjunctions.
Examples:
Incorrect: My mother likes cooking and to read.
(A gerund cannot be paired with an infinitive)
Correct: My mother likes cooking and reading. or
My mother likes to cook and to read.
3. Parallelism is used with elements in lists or in a series.
Examples:
Incorrect: This task can be done individually, in pairs, or can be done in groups of
four.
Correct: This task can be done individually, in pairs, or in groups of four.
4. Parallelism is used with elements being compared.
Examples: Incorrect: She is mad about watching TV more than to read a book.
Correct: She is mad about watching TV more than reading a book.
5. Parallelism is used with elements joined by a linking verb or a form of be.
Examples: Incorrect: To learn is understanding the world.
Correct: To learn is to understand the world.
6. Parallelism is used with elements joined by correlative conjunctions.
Examples: Incorrect: The teacher not only wants his students to keep quiet but
also to do the task.
Correct: The teacher wants his students not only to keep quiet but also to do the
task.
(Notice that the infinitives to keep quiet and to do the task follow the correlative
conjunctions not only and but also.)
E. Valuing: Finding
Practical
Applications of
Concepts and
Skills in Daily
Living
Directions: Read the essay below. Using the information provided in the text,
compare and contrast the subjects talked about.
So, Which is Which?
By Everon Joy P. Catanus
I have always loved having a cat or a dog as pet. While both can be very friendly
and loyal, there are also several obvious differences between them. If you’re like me
who loves having a “tiny companion” at home, here are a few things to consider before
getting a cat or a dog as pet.
One major difference lies in their biology. Cats are felines while dogs are
canines. If you are to consider their body type, cats are relatively smaller than dogs,
although there are some “cutesie tootsie” doggies out there like the Chihuahuas and
Pomeranians, among others. Attitude wise, cats are considerably very moody. You
could be having a good time playing with them, and the next thing you know, they
could be waging war against you. Cats are also very territorial. Dogs, on the other
hand, tend to be very playful and get too excited when they know you’re around or
when you’re up for a game. They wag their tail vigorously and lick you all over.
They may be different in so many aspects, but they also have a few similarities.
One thing I know is for sure – they love belly rubs. Yep! And we’re talking about some
good belly rub. They are also similar in a way that when you let them loose in the wild,
they will be able to survive and take care of themselves. In terms of appearance, one
common thing you see for most cats and dogs is that they are covered in fur, though
there are some hairless cat and dog breeds. Aside from this, these two animals are
also the most common domesticated animals. They can be very affectionate and
expect to get the same love and attention from you. They love cuddles and sometimes
even want to share the same sleeping space with you.
So, whether you are considering of having a cat or a dog as pet, it is important
to note these similarities and differences between them before deciding which one to
take care.
F. Generalization
Directions: Review the lesson on Using Parallel Structure. Then write your
reflection on your notebook by completing the statements below.
G. Assessment
Directions:
Correct the errors in parallel structure in the following sentences.
1. Eggs contain not only protein but are also are full of vitamins.
2. Eggs, however, are high in cholesterol and rather fat-filled.
3. We all need good nutrition and to exercise on a regular basis.
4. George likes both to read books and watching movies.
5. He is smart, honest, and has a great sense of responsibility.
6. In college we learn good writing skills and how to think critically.
7. At the party, my sister helped us make the cake, gathering the kids for games,
clean up, and to drive some kids home.
8. To my horror, my uniform looked stained, torn, and it had wrinkles.
9. My favorite activities are badminton, riding my bike, and playing the piano.
10. Her chores were to polish the furniture, swept the floor, and to water the
garden.
H. Additional
Activities for
Application or
remediation if Needed
Write a short paragraph about your pastime or hobby. Apply parallelism in structure
in constructing your ideas. Be guided with the criteria that follow:
•
•
•
IV. REMARKS
V. REFLECTIONS
A.
No.of learners
who learned 80% on
the formative
assessment
B.
No.of learners
who require
additional activities
for remediation.
Form/Convention: 10 pts.
• Clarity of Idea/Content: 10 pts.
• Neatness: 5 pts.
C.
Did the
remedial lessons
work? No.of
learners who have
caught up with the
lesson.
D.
No. of learners
who continue to
require remediation
Which of my
teaching strategies
worked well? Why
did these work?
E.
What
difficulties did I
encounter which
my principal or
supervisor can help
me solve?
F.
What
innovation or
localized materials
did I use/discover
which I wish to
share with other
teachers?
Prepared by:
JONEL ELMAN
English Teacher
Noted by:
ROMEL B. PARTOSA
School Head