MENTAL
HEALTH
DIORDERS
14 Topics
0++ pPaaggeess
660
JDMA NURSING SCHOOL
INDEX
1
Anxiety Disorders
8
Dissociative Disorders
2
Mood Disorders
9
Trauma and Stressor-Related
Disorders
3
Psychotic Disorders
10
Sleep Disorders
4
Eating Disorders
11
Somatic Symptom and Related
Disorders
5
Personality Disorders
12
Sexual Disorders
6
Substance-Related and Addictive
Disorders
13
Disruptive, Impulse-Control,
and Conduct Disorders
7
Neurodevelopmental
Disorders
14
Other Mental Health Disorders
Mental Health Disorders
Anxiety Disorders:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Excessive worry and fear about various situations.
Panic Disorder: Sudden and intense episodes of fear or panic, often accompanied by physical symptoms.
Depression (Major Depressive Disorder): Persistent feelings of sadness, low energy, and loss of interest in
activities.
Bipolar Disorder: Cycles of extreme mood swings between depressive and manic states.
Schizophrenia:
Severe disorder involving disturbances in thinking, emotions, and behavior.
Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and impaired social functioning are common.
Substance Use Disorders:
Addiction to substances such as alcohol, drugs, or opioids, leading to negative consequences.
Withdrawal symptoms and strong cravings are common.
Eating Disorders:
Anorexia Nervosa: Intense fear of gaining weight, leading to severe restriction of food intake.
Bulimia Nervosa: Episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors.
Binge-Eating Disorder: Frequent episodes of excessive eating without purging.
Personality Disorders:
Chronic patterns of maladaptive behavior and thought processes that affect relationships and daily life.
Examples include borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD):
Occurs after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.
Symptoms include flashbacks, nightmares, hypervigilance, and avoidance behaviors.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD):
Characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) to alleviate anxiety.
Dissociative Disorders:
Disconnection between thoughts, memories, and feelings.
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID): Presence of multiple distinct identities within one individual.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders:
Disorders that manifest in childhood and involve impairments in development and functioning.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Challenges in communication, social interaction, and behavior.
Sleep Disorders:
Disruptions in sleep patterns that affect overall well-being and functioning.
Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
Anxiety Disorders
1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD):
Definition: Excessive worry or fear about various situations, often disproportionate to the actual threat.
Symptoms: Restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, muscle tension, irritability.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medications (antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs).
2. Panic Disorder:
Definition: Recurrent panic attacks characterized by sudden and intense feelings of fear or dread.
Symptoms: Rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, fear of dying or losing
control.
Treatment: CBT, exposure therapy, medications (antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs).
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia):
Definition: Intense fear of social situations due to fear of embarrassment or humiliation.
Symptoms: Excessive self-consciousness, avoidance of social situations, physical symptoms of anxiety.
Treatment: CBT, exposure therapy, group therapy, medications (beta-blockers, antidepressants).
5. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD):
Definition: Occurs after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event; re-experiencing, avoidance,
hyperarousal symptoms.
Symptoms: Flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of reminders, hypervigilance, mood changes.
Treatment: Trauma-focused therapy (CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR),
medications (SSRIs).
6. Specific Phobias:
Definition: Intense fear of a specific object or situation that leads to avoidance.
Symptoms: Panic attacks, sweating, trembling, rapid heartbeat when confronted with the phobia trigger.
Treatment: Exposure therapy, systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring.
Remember that these flashcards provide a
brief overview of each disorder. To fully
understand and treat these conditions, it's
important to learn more in-depth
information, including diagnostic criteria,
assessment techniques, and
comprehensive treatment approaches.
(MCQ)
Question 1: What is the most common type of anxiety disorder?
a) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
b) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
c) Panic Disorder
d) Social Anxiety Disorder
a) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Question 2: A patient with an anxiety disorder experiences sudden and repeated episodes of
intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms like rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, and
chest pain. Which anxiety disorder is characterized by these symptoms?
a) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
b) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
c) Panic Disorder
d) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
c) Panic Disorder
Question 3: A patient avoids social situations due to a persistent fear of embarrassment or
humiliation. Which anxiety disorder does this behavior most likely indicate?
a) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
b) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
c) Panic Disorder
d) Social Anxiety Disorder
d) Social Anxiety Disorder
(MCQ)
Question 4: A nurse is caring for a patient with anxiety disorder. Which nursing intervention is most
appropriate for this patient?
c) Teaching relaxation techniques and
a) Encouraging avoidance of anxiety-inducing situations
deep breathing exercises
b) Providing excessive reassurance to alleviate anxiety
c) Teaching relaxation techniques and deep breathing exercises
d) Discouraging the expression of feelings to prevent escalation of anxiety
Question 5: Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders?
a) Serotonin
b) Dopamine
c) Acetylcholine
d) Norepinephrine
a) Serotonin
Question 6: A patient is prescribed benzodiazepines as part of their treatment plan for an anxiety disorder.
What is the primary action of benzodiazepines?
a) Inhibiting reuptake of serotonin
b) Increasing the release of norepinephrine
c) Enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
d) Blocking the effects of dopamine
c) Enhancing the activity of gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA)
Mood Disorders
1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD):
Definition: Persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.
Symptoms: Depressed mood, loss of energy, changes in appetite or sleep, feelings of worthlessness or guilt.
Treatment: Psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy), medications (antidepressants).
2. Bipolar Disorder:
Definition: Mood disorder with cycles of depressive episodes and manic or hypomanic episodes.
Symptoms: Depressive symptoms (as in MDD), manic symptoms include euphoria, grandiosity, decreased
need for sleep.
Treatment: Mood stabilizers, psychotherapy, medications for depressive and manic episodes.
3. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia):
Definition: Chronic low-grade depression lasting for at least two years.
Symptoms: Persistent low mood, changes in appetite or sleep, low energy, low self-esteem.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, antidepressants.
4. Cyclothymic Disorder:
Definition: Chronic mood disorder with fluctuating
periods of mild depression and hypomania.
Symptoms: Less severe depressive and hypomanic
symptoms compared to bipolar disorder.
Treatment: Mood stabilizers, psychotherapy.
5. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD):
Definition: A type of depression linked to changes in
seasons, typically occurring in fall and winter.
Symptoms: Depressed mood, low energy, increased
sleep, carbohydrate cravings.
Treatment: Light therapy, psychotherapy,
medications.
6. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD):
Definition: Severe form of premenstrual syndrome
(PMS) with significant mood disturbances.
Symptoms: Mood swings, irritability, fatigue,
physical symptoms.
Treatment: Lifestyle changes, psychotherapy,
medications.
Remember that these flashcards provide a basic
understanding of each mood disorder. Each
disorder has its own diagnostic criteria,
potential causes, and treatment strategies. For
nursing students, it's important to learn more
in-depth information to recognize and provide
appropriate care for individuals with mood
disorders.
(MCQ)
Question 1: Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of major
depressive disorder (MDD)?
a) Manic episodes
b) Grandiose delusions
d) Persistent sadness or loss of interest
c) Hallucinations
d) Persistent sadness or loss of interest
Question 2: A patient experiences extreme mood swings that alternate
between elevated, euphoric states and depressive episodes. Which mood
disorder is characterized by these mood swings?
a) Bipolar disorder
b) Schizophrenia
c) Generalized anxiety disorder
d) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Question 3: A patient is admitted with symptoms of depression, including
feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. Which
neurotransmitter is often associated with the pathophysiology of
depression?
a) Serotonin
b) Dopamine
c) Norepinephrine
d) Acetylcholine
a) Bipolar disorder
a) Serotonin
(MCQ)
Question 4: A nurse is caring for a patient with bipolar disorder who is currently experiencing a manic
episode. Which intervention is a priority during this phase?
a) Encouraging relaxation techniques
b) Setting limits on impulsive behaviors
c) Administering antidepressant medications
d) Providing isolation to prevent overstimulation
b) Setting limits on impulsive behaviors
Question 5: A patient is diagnosed with persistent feelings of sadness, lack of interest or pleasure, and
significant weight loss. Which mood disorder is characterized by these symptoms lasting for at least two
years?
a) Bipolar disorder
b) Major depressive disorder
c) Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder)
d) Schizoaffective disorder
c) Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive
Disorder)
Question 6: Which of the following statements about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is true?
c) ECT involves the administration of
a) ECT is used primarily for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
electric shocks to induce seizures.
b) ECT is a first-line treatment for mild depression.
c) ECT involves the administration of electric shocks to induce seizures.
d) ECT is associated with long-term memory improvement.
Psychotic Disorders
1. Schizophrenia:
Definition: Severe mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotions, and behavior.
Symptoms: Delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (false sensory perceptions), disorganized thinking,
negative symptoms (lack of emotions or motivation).
Treatment: Antipsychotic medications (typical and atypical), psychotherapy, social support.
2. Schizoaffective Disorder:
Definition: A blend of schizophrenia and mood disorder symptoms, with both psychotic and mood-related
episodes.
Symptoms: Symptoms of both schizophrenia (hallucinations, delusions) and mood disorders (depression or
mania).
Treatment: Antipsychotic medications, mood stabilizers, psychotherapy.
3. Delusional Disorder:
Definition: Presence of delusions without severe impairment in other areas of functioning.
Symptoms: Fixed, false beliefs that are resistant to reasoning or contrary evidence.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, antipsychotic medications.
4. Brief Psychotic Disorder:
Definition: Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms that last for a short period (less than a month).
Symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech or behavior.
Treatment: Supportive therapy, antipsychotic medications.
5. Schizophreniform Disorder:
Definition: Similar symptoms to schizophrenia, but duration is between one to six months.
Symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech or behavior.
Treatment: Antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy.
6. Shared Psychotic Disorder (Folie à Deux):
Definition: Development of delusional beliefs in a person due to close relationship with another person
with established delusions.
Symptoms: Secondary individual adopts the delusions of the primary individual.
Treatment: Separation from the primary person, psychotherapy.
It's important to note that these flashcards provide a
simplified overview of each psychotic disorder. In
clinical practice, mental health professionals,
including nurses, need to have a comprehensive
understanding of these disorders, including their
diagnosis, treatment, and the impact they can have
on individuals and their families.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient is experiencing hallucinations and delusions, believing that they are
receiving messages from outer space. Which term best describes this phenomenon?
a) Mania
b) Anxiety
c) Psychosis
d) Obsession
c) Psychosis
Question 2: Which of the following is a positive symptom of psychotic disorders?
a) Social withdrawal
b) Flat affect
c) Anhedonia
d) Hallucinations
d) Hallucinations
Question 3: A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia who exhibits disorganized
speech, flat affect, and lacks motivation. These symptoms are indicative of which subtype of
schizophrenia?
b) Disorganized
a) Paranoid
b) Disorganized
c) Catatonic
d) Undifferentiated
(MCQ)
Question 4: A patient with schizophrenia believes that they have special powers and are the chosen one to save
the world. This is an example of:
a) A delusion of reference
b) A grandiose delusion
c) A somatic delusion
d) A persecutory delusion
b) A grandiose delusion
Question 5: Which neurotransmitter is implicated in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders, such as
schizophrenia?
a) Serotonin
b) Norepinephrine
c) Dopamine
d) Acetylcholine
c) Dopamine
Question 6: A patient is prescribed antipsychotic medication. The nurse educates the patient about the potential
side effect of involuntary repetitive movements, especially of the face and tongue. What is this side effect called?
a) Akathisia
b) Dystonia
c) Tardive dyskinesia
d) Serotonin syndrome
c) Tardive dyskinesia
Eating Disorders
1. Anorexia Nervosa:
Definition: Severe restriction of food intake, leading to significantly low body weight.
Symptoms: Intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, excessive exercise, denial of low body
weight.
Health Risks: Malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, organ damage, osteoporosis.
Treatment: Nutritional rehabilitation, psychotherapy (especially cognitive-behavioral therapy), medical
monitoring.
2. Bulimia Nervosa:
Definition: Cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (vomiting, excessive exercise,
laxative use).
Symptoms: Feeling out of control during binges, shame and guilt afterward, normal or slightly elevated
body weight.
Health Risks: Electrolyte imbalances, dental issues, esophageal problems.
Treatment: Psychotherapy (CBT and dialectical behavior therapy), nutritional counseling.
Treatment: Psychotherapy (CBT, interpersonal therapy), addressing emotional triggers.
3. Binge-Eating Disorder:
Definition: Recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory
behaviors.
Symptoms: Eating rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, feeling distressed
afterward.
Health Risks: Obesity, related health conditions (diabetes, hypertension).
Treatment: Psychotherapy (CBT, interpersonal therapy), addressing emotional
triggers.
4. Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID):
Definition: Limited food intake due to sensory sensitivities, fear of aversive
consequences, or lack of interest.
Symptoms: Avoidance of certain foods, significant weight loss or nutritional
deficiency.
Treatment: Nutritional rehabilitation, therapy to address underlying causes.
5. Orthorexia Nervosa:
Definition: Obsession with eating healthy foods, leading to rigid dietary
restrictions.
Symptoms: Preoccupation with food quality, fear of "unhealthy" foods, social
isolation due to food choices.
Health Risks: Nutritional deficiencies, psychological distress.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, cognitive restructuring.
Remember that these
flashcards provide a
brief overview of each
eating disorder.
Proper care for
individuals with
eating disorders
requires a thorough
understanding of their
unique challenges,
psychological factors,
and medical risks. A
multidisciplinary
approach involving
medical professionals,
therapists, dietitians,
and support systems
is essential for
successful treatment
and recovery.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient restricts their food intake, has an intense fear of gaining
weight, and perceives themselves as overweight even when underweight.
Which eating disorder is characterized by these symptoms?
a) Anorexia nervosa
a) Anorexia nervosa
b) Bulimia nervosa
c) Binge eating disorder
d) Orthorexia nervosa
Question 2: A patient frequently engages in episodes of binge eating followed
by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as vomiting or excessive
exercise. Which eating disorder is characterized by these behaviors?
a) Anorexia nervosa
b) Bulimia nervosa
c) Binge eating disorder
d) Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)
Question 3: Which of the following is a physical complication commonly
associated with anorexia nervosa?
a) Hyperactivity
b) Hypertension
c) Amenorrhea (loss of menstrual period)
d) Excessive thirst
b) Bulimia nervosa
c) Amenorrhea (loss of
menstrual period)
(MCQ)
Question 4: A nurse is caring for a patient with bulimia
nervosa. What might be a priority nursing intervention for
this patient?
a) Monitoring for severe malnutrition
b) Restricting all food choices
c) Encouraging binge eating to relieve anxiety
d) Promoting a strict exercise regimen
Question 5: A patient has a preoccupation with eating only
healthy foods and an intense fear of consuming "unhealthy"
options. Which term best describes this behavior?
a) Anorexia nervosa
b) Bulimia nervosa
c) Binge eating disorder
d) Orthorexia nervosa
Question 6: Which neurotransmitter is believed to play a
significant role in the development of eating disorders?
a) Serotonin
b) Dopamine
c) Norepinephrine
d) Acetylcholine
a) Monitoring for severe malnutrition
d) Orthorexia nervosa
a) Serotonin
Personality Disorders
1. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD):
Definition: Intense and unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions.
Symptoms: Impulsivity, self-harm, mood swings, fear of abandonment, identity disturbances.
Treatment: Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), psychotherapy, medication for specific symptoms.
2. Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD):
Definition: Disregard for others' rights, lack of empathy, manipulative behavior.
Symptoms: Impulsivity, deceitfulness, aggressiveness, lack of remorse, legal issues.
Treatment: Psychotherapy with a focus on behavioral change, limited effectiveness of medications.
3. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD):
Definition: Grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy.
Symptoms: Sense of entitlement, preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, fragile self-esteem.
Treatment: Psychotherapy to address underlying self-esteem issues.
4. Avoidant Personality Disorder:
Definition: Extreme shyness and fear of rejection, leading to social isolation.
Symptoms: Avoidance of social interactions, fear of criticism or embarrassment, low self-esteem.
Treatment: Psychotherapy to improve social skills and self-esteem.
5. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD):
Definition: Preoccupation with rules, orderliness, and control.
Symptoms: Perfectionism, inflexibility, excessive devotion to work, inability to delegate.
Treatment: Psychotherapy to address rigidity and perfectionism.
6. Schizotypal Personality Disorder:
Definition: Eccentric behaviors and odd beliefs, resembling milder forms of schizophrenia.
Symptoms: Social isolation, unusual perceptual experiences, magical thinking.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, medications for specific symptoms.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient has a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, often
accompanied by a lack of remorse or empathy. Which personality disorder is characterized by these traits?
a) Borderline personality disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
d) Narcissistic personality disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
Question 2: A patient is excessively preoccupied with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, often at the
expense of flexibility and openness. Which personality disorder is characterized by these traits?
a) Borderline personality disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
d) Schizoid personality disorder
c) Obsessive-compulsive
personality disorder
Question 3: A nurse is caring for a patient with borderline personality disorder. Which of the following is a
characteristic symptom of this disorder?
b) Emotional instability, impulsive behavior,
and intense fear of abandonment
a) Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others
b) Emotional instability, impulsive behavior, and intense fear of abandonment
c) Preoccupation with perfectionism and control
d) Detachment from social relationships and limited emotional expression
(MCQ)
Question 4: A patient exhibits grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.
Which personality disorder is characterized by these traits?
a) Borderline personality disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Narcissistic personality disorder
d) Avoidant personality disorder
c) Narcissistic personality disorder
Question 5: A patient avoids social interactions and displays a pattern of detachment from social
relationships, as well as limited emotional expression. Which personality disorder is characterized by
these traits?
a) Histrionic personality disorder
b) Schizoid personality disorder
c) Borderline personality disorder
d) Dependent personality disorder
b) Schizoid personality disorder
Question 6: Which of the following is a characteristic feature of avoidant personality disorder?
a) Excessive need for attention and admiration
b) Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others
c) Preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism
d) Hypersensitivity to rejection and feelings of social inadequacy
d) Hypersensitivity to rejection and
feelings of social inadequacy
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
1. Substance Use Disorder:
Definition: A pattern of using a substance (such as alcohol or drugs) that leads to significant impairment or
distress.
Symptoms: Impaired control, social impairment, risky use, tolerance, withdrawal.
Treatment: Behavioral therapies, medications, support groups.
2. Alcohol Use Disorder:
Definition: Problematic drinking that results in significant distress or functional impairment.
Symptoms: Craving alcohol, loss of control, neglecting responsibilities, withdrawal symptoms.
Treatment: Behavioral therapies (Motivational Interviewing, CBT), medications (disulfiram, naltrexone).
3. Opioid Use Disorder:
Definition: Problematic use of opioids (painkillers or heroin) leading to impairment.
Symptoms: Craving opioids, failed attempts to quit, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms.
Treatment: Medication-assisted treatment (methadone, buprenorphine), counseling.
4. Stimulant Use Disorder:
Definition: Problematic use of stimulants (such as cocaine or amphetamines).
Symptoms: Impaired control, social impairment, craving, neglecting responsibilities.
Treatment: Behavioral therapies, counseling, relapse prevention.
5. Cannabis Use Disorder:
Definition: Problematic use of cannabis leading to significant distress or impairment.
Symptoms: Craving cannabis, using more than intended, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms.
Treatment: Behavioral interventions, motivational enhancement therapy.
6. Gambling Disorder:
Definition: Problematic gambling causing significant distress or impairment.
Symptoms: Preoccupation with gambling, inability to control gambling, chasing losses.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, support groups.
7. Internet Gaming Disorder:
Definition: Problematic and excessive gaming leading to impairment in various areas of life.
Symptoms: Preoccupation with gaming, withdrawal symptoms, loss of interest in other activities.
Treatment: Behavioral interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient is unable to control their alcohol consumption, experiences withdrawal
symptoms when trying to quit, and spends a lot of time obtaining, using, and recovering from alcohol
use. Which substance-related disorder is characterized by these symptoms?
a) Opioid use disorder
c) Alcohol use disorder
b) Cocaine use disorder
c) Alcohol use disorder
d) Marijuana use disorder
Question 2: A patient frequently uses a substance to avoid withdrawal symptoms or to relieve
negative emotions. Which term describes this pattern of substance use?
a) Tolerance
b) Dependence
d) Self-medication
c) Withdrawal
d) Self-medication
Question 3: A nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of substance abuse. The patient's current
blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature are significantly elevated. What term best
describes these physiological symptoms?
a) Tolerance
b) Dependence
c) Withdrawal
d) Intoxication
d) Intoxication
(MCQ)
Question 4: A patient has repeatedly tried to quit using a substance but
has been unsuccessful due to intense cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
Which aspect of addiction is this patient experiencing?
a) Tolerance
b) Dependence
c) Withdrawal
d) Relapse
Question 5: A patient experiences a euphoric rush and a surge of
confidence after using a particular substance. Which stage of substance
use is characterized by these effects?
a) Experimentation
b) Regular use
c) Risky use or abuse
d) Dependence
Question 6: Which of the following is a common risk factor for the
development of substance-related disorders?
a) High self-esteem
b) Strong social support
c) Early exposure to substance use
d) Regular exercise
d) Relapse
b) Regular use
c) Early exposure to substance use
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
1. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):
Definition: Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with daily
functioning.
Symptoms: Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, difficulty focusing, organization problems.
Treatment: Behavioral interventions, psychoeducation, medications (stimulants, non-stimulants).
2. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):
Definition: Range of developmental disorders characterized by difficulties in communication, social
interaction, and restricted interests.
Symptoms: Challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, sensory sensitivities.
Treatment: Early intervention therapies (Applied Behavior Analysis - ABA, speech therapy), individualized
education plans.
3. Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder):
Definition: Significantly below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning.
Symptoms: Deficits in intellectual functioning, limitations in adaptive behaviors.
Treatment: Supportive services, special education, occupational therapy.
4. Specific Learning Disorder:
Definition: Difficulties in acquiring and using
academic skills.
Symptoms: Challenges in reading, writing,
mathematics, despite normal intelligence.
Treatment: Individualized educational plans,
targeted interventions.
5. Communication Disorders:
Definition: Impairments in speech, language, or
communication.
Examples: Speech sound disorder, language
disorder, social communication disorder.
Treatment: Speech therapy, communication
training.
6. Tourette's Disorder (Tourette Syndrome):
Definition: Neurological disorder characterized by
involuntary tics (motor or vocal).
Symptoms: Motor and vocal tics, often start in
childhood.
Treatment: Behavioral therapy, medications in
severe cases.
neurodevelopmental disorder. Accurate diagnosis,
comprehensive assessment, and personalized
treatment plans are crucial for individuals with
neurodevelopmental disorders.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A child consistently struggles with reading and has difficulty recognizing and decoding words.
This difficulty is not due to a lack of intelligence or vision problems. What neurodevelopmental disorder is
characterized by this specific reading impairment?
a) Autism spectrum disorder
d) Specific learning disorder (dyslexia)
b) Intellectual disability
c) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
d) Specific learning disorder (dyslexia)
Question 2: A child exhibits difficulties with social communication and interaction, repetitive behaviors, and
restricted interests. Which neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by these symptoms?
a) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
b) Specific learning disorder
c) Autism spectrum disorder
d) Intellectual disability
c) Autism spectrum disorder
Question 3: A child has deficits in both social communication and repetitive behaviors, but the symptoms are
less severe compared to those seen in autism spectrum disorder. What condition is often diagnosed in such
cases?
a) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
b) Rett syndrome
d) Social communication disorder
c) Specific learning disorder
d) Social communication disorder
(MCQ)
Question 4: A child has difficulties in controlling their impulses, paying attention, and following through on
tasks. Which neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by these symptoms?
a) Autism spectrum disorder
b) Intellectual disability
c) Specific learning disorder
d) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
d) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD)
Question 5: A nurse is working with a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The child has a strong
interest in collecting and arranging objects in a specific order and resists changes in routines. What term best
describes these behaviors?
a) Obsessions
b) Compulsions
c) Stereotypies
d) Rituals
c) Stereotypies
Question 6: A child has difficulty with fine motor skills, such as tying shoelaces and buttoning shirts. What
neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by these difficulties?
a) Autism spectrum disorder
b) Specific learning disorder
d) Developmental coordination disorder
c) Intellectual disability
d) Developmental coordination disorder
Dissociative Disorders
1. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID):
Definition: Presence of two or more distinct personality states that control an individual's behavior.
Symptoms: Memory gaps, identity confusion, amnesia, often due to severe trauma.
Treatment: Psychotherapy (trauma-focused therapy), integration of personalities.
2. Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder:
Definition: Persistent feeling of being detached from oneself (depersonalization) or the external world
(derealization).
Symptoms: Feeling like an observer of one's body, surroundings feeling unreal.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, grounding techniques.
3. Dissociative Amnesia:
Definition: Sudden inability to recall personal information, often due to a traumatic event.
Symptoms: Memory gaps for specific events or periods, not explained by medical conditions.
Treatment: Therapy to address underlying trauma, memory retrieval techniques.
4. Dissociative Fugue:
Definition: Sudden, unexpected travel away from home with inability to recall past life.
Symptoms: Confusion about identity, often after traumatic events.
Treatment: Therapy to address underlying issues, support during recovery.
dissociative disorders involve complex
psychological processes, often linked to
trauma and coping mechanisms. Accurate
diagnosis and appropriate treatment require
the expertise of mental health professionals
who specialize in dissociation and traumarelated disorders.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient experiences a sudden and temporary loss of memory, often following a traumatic event.
What dissociative disorder is characterized by these episodes of memory loss?
a) Dissociative identity disorder
b) Depersonalization/derealization disorder
c) Dissociative amnesia
d) Dissociative fugue
c) Dissociative amnesia
Question 2: A patient has a persistent feeling of being detached from their own body or surroundings, as if
they are watching themselves from a distance. Which dissociative disorder is characterized by this symptom?
a) Dissociative identity disorder
b) Depersonalization/derealization disorder
c) Dissociative amnesia
d) Dissociative fugue
b) Depersonalization/derealization
disorder
Question 3: A patient presents with two or more distinct personality states that control their behavior and are
accompanied by memory gaps for important personal information. What dissociative disorder is
characterized by these symptoms?
a) Dissociative identity disorder
b) Depersonalization/derealization disorder
a) Dissociative identity disorder
c) Dissociative amnesia
d) Dissociative fugue
(MCQ)
Question 4: A nurse is caring for a patient with depersonalization/derealization disorder.
What might be a priority nursing intervention for this patient?
b) Assisting the patient in grounding
techniques to connect with the present
a) Encouraging the patient to explore traumatic memories
moment
b) Assisting the patient in grounding techniques to connect with the present moment
c) Administering antipsychotic medications to alleviate symptoms
d) Encouraging the patient to adopt a new identity
Question 5: A patient suddenly travels to a different city and assumes a new identity,
completely unaware of their previous life. What dissociative disorder is characterized by
this behavior?
a) Dissociative identity disorder
b) Depersonalization/derealization disorder
c) Dissociative amnesia
d) Dissociative fugue
d) Dissociative fugue
Question 6: Which of the following is a potential cause of dissociative disorders?
a) Genetics
b) Excessive exercise
c) Exposure to bright lights
d) Lack of sleep
a) Genetics
Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders
1. Acute Stress Disorder:
Definition: Occurs shortly after exposure to a traumatic event and lasts for at least three days.
Symptoms: Intrusive thoughts, nightmares, dissociation, hypervigilance.
Treatment: Psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy), stress management techniques.
2. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD):
Definition: Develops after exposure to a traumatic event and lasts for at least a month.
Symptoms: Intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, avoidance, negative mood, heightened arousal.
Treatment: Trauma-focused therapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, eye movement desensitization and
reprocessing), medications (antidepressants).
3. Adjustment Disorder:
Definition: Emotional or behavioral reactions to stressful life events that are disproportionate or
disruptive.
Symptoms: Anxiety, depression, impaired social functioning.
Treatment: Supportive therapy, stress management, coping skills.
4. Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD):
Definition: Developmental disorder characterized by difficulties forming emotional bonds with caregivers.
Symptoms: Inhibited or withdrawn behavior, lack of emotional responsiveness.
Treatment: Psychotherapy (attachment-focused therapy), family therapy.
5. Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder:
Definition: Lack of appropriate fear or caution around unfamiliar adults.
Symptoms: Overly familiar behavior, seeking attention from strangers.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, social skills training.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient has been experiencing intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and heightened arousal
related to a traumatic event they experienced recently. What trauma and stressor-related disorder is
characterized by these symptoms?
a) Generalized anxiety disorder
b) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
b) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
d) Panic disorder
Question 2: A nurse is caring for a patient with acute stress disorder. How long must symptoms persist
for a diagnosis of acute stress disorder to be made?
a) At least 1 week
b) At least 2 weeks
a) At least 1 week
c) At least 1 month
d) At least 3 months
Question 3: A patient experienced a traumatic event and is now exhibiting avoidance of reminders,
negative alterations in mood, distorted beliefs, and persistent negative emotional states. What disorder
is characterized by these symptoms?
a) Generalized anxiety disorder
b) Adjustment disorder
c) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
c) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
d) Major depressive disorder
(MCQ)
Question 4: A patient is overly concerned about their physical appearance and is constantly checking their
appearance in mirrors and seeking reassurance from others. What disorder involves distress related to
perceived flaws in physical appearance?
a) Body dysmorphic disorder
b) Panic disorder
c) Social anxiety disorder
d) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a) Body dysmorphic disorder
Question 5: A nurse is assessing a patient who recently experienced a natural disaster. The patient reports
experiencing numbness, detachment, and reduced responsiveness. What term best describes these
symptoms?
a) Flashbacks
b) Dissociation
b) Dissociation
c) Hyperarousal
d) Intrusion
Question 6: A patient is diagnosed with dissociative amnesia related to a traumatic event. What does this
diagnosis indicate?
a) The patient has multiple personalities.
d) The patient's memory loss is due to
b) The patient's memory loss is related to a physical injury.
psychological factors.
c) The patient has amnesia related to dissociative identity disorder.
d) The patient's memory loss is due to psychological factors.
Sleep Disorders
1. Insomnia Disorder:
Definition: Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep, causing daytime
impairment.
Symptoms: Difficulty initiating sleep, frequent awakenings, fatigue, irritability.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), sleep hygiene, medications in some cases.
2. Sleep Apnea:
Definition: Repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to poor sleep quality.
Symptoms: Loud snoring, gasping for air during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness.
Treatment: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy, lifestyle changes, surgery in some cases.
3. Narcolepsy:
Definition: Chronic sleep disorder causing excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.
Symptoms: Cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone), sleep paralysis, hallucinations.
Treatment: Stimulant medications, lifestyle adjustments, scheduled naps.
4. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS):
Definition: Unpleasant sensations in the legs accompanied by an irresistible urge to move them.
Symptoms: Sensations worsen at night or during periods of rest, causing sleep disruption.
Treatment: Medications, lifestyle changes, addressing underlying conditions.
5. Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders:
Definition: Disruption in the body's natural sleep-wake cycle due to shift work, time zone changes, etc.
Symptoms: Sleep difficulties during desired sleep times, daytime sleepiness.
Treatment: Light therapy, adjusting sleep schedule, melatonin supplements.
6. Parasomnias:
Definition: Abnormal behaviors or experiences
that occur during sleep transitions.
Examples: Sleepwalking, night terrors, sleeprelated eating disorder.
Treatment: Safety measures, addressing
underlying causes, medications in some cases.
sleep disorder. Sleep disorders can have a
significant impact on overall health and wellbeing. Proper diagnosis and treatment often
involve collaboration between sleep specialists,
physicians, and other healthcare professionals.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient consistently has difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. This has been happening for
at least three months and is causing significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. What sleep
disorder is characterized by these symptoms?
a) Narcolepsy
b) Sleep apnea
c) Insomnia disorder
d) Restless legs syndrome
c) Insomnia disorder
Question 2: A patient suddenly falls asleep during daytime activities, such as while talking or eating. This
condition is characterized by brief and uncontrollable episodes of sleep. What sleep disorder is most likely
responsible for these symptoms?
a) Insomnia disorder
c) Narcolepsy
b) Sleep apnea
c) Narcolepsy
d) Parasomnia
Question 3: A patient reports a pattern of consistently having nightmares that cause significant distress. What
sleep disorder is characterized by these recurring and distressing dreams?
a) Night terror disorder
b) Sleepwalking disorder
d) Nightmare disorder
c) Insomnia disorder
d) Nightmare disorder
(MCQ)
Question 4: A nurse is caring for a patient who experiences sudden awakenings from sleep
with a sensation of choking or gasping for air. What sleep disorder is characterized by these
symptoms?
a) Insomnia disorder
d) Sleep apnea
b) Night terror disorder
c) Nightmare disorder
d) Sleep apnea
Question 5: A patient has a consistent pattern of walking during sleep, often leaving the bed
and sometimes engaging in complex activities without any memory of these actions. What
sleep disorder is characterized by these behaviors?
a) Restless legs syndrome
c) Sleepwalking disorder
b) Insomnia disorder
c) Sleepwalking disorder
d) Narcolepsy
Question 6: A patient is experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness, often leading to
involuntary episodes of falling asleep during the day. Which sleep disorder is characterized
by this symptom?
a) Insomnia disorder
c) Narcolepsy
b) Sleep apnea
c) Narcolepsy
d) Parasomnia
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
1. Somatic Symptom Disorder:
Definition: Excessive focus on physical symptoms, often with high anxiety about health or bodily
functions.
Symptoms: Distressing physical symptoms, disproportionate worry, excessive time and energy spent on
health concerns.
Treatment: Psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy - CBT), addressing underlying emotional factors.
2. Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis):
Definition: Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness despite minimal or no medical
evidence.
Symptoms: Worry about health, frequent doctor visits, seeking excessive reassurance.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, addressing health-related anxiety.
3. Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder):
Definition: Neurological symptoms without medical explanation, often triggered by psychological
distress.
Symptoms: Paralysis, blindness, sensory loss, unexplained physical symptoms.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, addressing underlying emotional conflicts.
4. Factitious Disorder (Munchausen Syndrome):
Definition: Intentional production of physical or psychological symptoms to assume the sick role.
Symptoms: Faking or exaggerating symptoms, medical tests, seeking medical attention.
Treatment: Psychotherapy to address underlying motives.
5. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD):
Definition: Obsession with perceived flaws in appearance that may not be noticeable to others.
Symptoms: Frequent checking of appearance, excessive grooming, seeking reassurance.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medications (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs).
somatic symptom
and related
disorder. Diagnosis
and treatment
require thorough
assessment by
mental health
professionals who
specialize in these
disorders.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient experiences distressing physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by any known
medical condition. Despite medical evaluations showing no clear cause, the patient remains preoccupied with
the symptoms. What somatic symptom and related disorder is characterized by these symptoms?
a) Illness anxiety disorder
a) Illness anxiety disorder
b) Conversion disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Malingering
Question 2: A patient exhibits a pattern of seeking excessive medical attention for multiple vague and minor
physical complaints. This behavior is not driven by a true medical need. What somatic symptom and related
disorder is characterized by this pattern?
a) Illness anxiety disorder
b) Conversion disorder
d) Somatization disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Somatization disorder
Question 3: A nurse is caring for a patient who seems to intentionally produce physical symptoms to assume
the sick role and receive attention. This behavior is not driven by external incentives such as financial gain.
What term best describes this behavior?
a) Malingering
c) Factitious disorder
b) Conversion disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Illness anxiety disorder
(MCQ)
Question 4: A patient experiences paralysis in their legs following a traumatic event, even though there is no
medical explanation for the paralysis. What somatic symptom and related disorder is characterized by this
phenomenon?
a) Illness anxiety disorder
b) Conversion disorder
b) Conversion disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Somatization disorder
Question 5: A nurse is caring for a patient who often presents with new and unusual symptoms that are
inconsistent with known medical conditions. The patient seems to enjoy the attention and medical
interventions they receive. What somatic symptom and related disorder is characterized by this behavior?
a) Conversion disorder
b) Factitious disorder
b) Factitious disorder
c) Illness anxiety disorder
d) Malingering
Question 6: A patient persistently fears that they have a serious medical condition, despite medical
reassurance to the contrary. They often misinterpret minor bodily sensations as evidence of a severe illness.
What somatic symptom and related disorder is characterized by this fear?
a) Illness anxiety disorder
a) Illness anxiety disorder
b) Conversion disorder
c) Factitious disorder
d) Malingering
Sexual Disorders
1. Erectile Dysfunction (ED):
Definition: Difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection sufficient for sexual performance.
Symptoms: Inability to achieve erection, reduced sexual desire.
Treatment: Medications (phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors), psychotherapy, lifestyle changes.
2. Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder:
Definition: Reduced interest in or difficulty becoming sexually aroused.
Symptoms: Lack of sexual interest, difficulty with arousal, reduced genital sensation.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, hormonal therapy, addressing underlying factors.
3. Premature Ejaculation:
Definition: Ejaculation that occurs with minimal sexual stimulation and before the person desires.
Symptoms: Ejaculation before or soon after penetration, distress.
Treatment: Behavioral techniques, medications, psychotherapy.
4. Delayed Ejaculation:
Definition: Difficulty or inability to ejaculate despite adequate sexual stimulation.
Symptoms: Delayed ejaculation or absence of ejaculation, distress.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, addressing underlying factors, potential medication adjustments.
5. Orgasmic Disorder (Anorgasmia):
Definition: Difficulty experiencing orgasm or reduced intensity of orgasm.
Symptoms: Delayed or absent orgasm, distress.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, addressing underlying factors, potential medication adjustments.
6. Gender Dysphoria:
Definition: Distress caused by a disconnect between one's assigned gender and their experienced gender.
Symptoms: Discomfort with own gender, desire to be another gender, significant distress.
Treatment: Gender-affirming therapy, hormone therapy, gender-confirming surgeries.
sexual disorder. Comprehensive assessment and
treatment often require the expertise of
healthcare professionals who specialize in sexual
health and therapy.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient experiences sexual arousal and gratification through exposing their genitals to
unsuspecting strangers. What type of sexual disorder is characterized by this behavior?
a) Erectile disorder
b) Voyeuristic disorder
c) Orgasmic disorder
d) Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
b) Voyeuristic disorder
Question 2: A nurse is assessing a patient who experiences intense sexual arousal by inflicting pain or
humiliation on their sexual partner. What type of sexual disorder might be associated with this behavior?
a) Erectile disorder
b) Exhibitionistic disorder
c) Sadistic disorder
d) Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
c) Sadistic disorder
Question 3: A patient experiences sexual arousal by dressing in clothes of the opposite gender. What type of
sexual disorder is characterized by this behavior?
a) Erectile disorder
b) Exhibitionistic disorder
c) Fetishistic disorder
d) Transvestic disorder
d) Transvestic disorder
(MCQ)
Question 4: A patient has recurrent and intense sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving nonliving
objects or non-genital body parts. What type of sexual disorder is characterized by this behavior?
a) Erectile disorder
b) Exhibitionistic disorder
c) Sadistic disorder
d) Fetishistic disorder
d) Fetishistic disorder
Question 5: A nurse is caring for a patient who repeatedly engages in sexual behaviors with nonconsenting
individuals and lacks remorse for their actions. What type of sexual disorder might be associated with this
behavior?
a) Erectile disorder
b) Exhibitionistic disorder
d) Pedophilic disorder
c) Sadistic disorder
d) Pedophilic disorder
Question 6: A patient experiences recurrent and intense sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving sexual
activity with prepubescent children. What type of sexual disorder is characterized by this behavior?
a) Erectile disorder
b) Exhibitionistic disorder
c) Sadistic disorder
d) Pedophilic disorder
d) Pedophilic disorder
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
1. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD):
Definition: Persistent pattern of angry, irritable, defiant behavior towards authority figures.
Symptoms: Frequent arguing, defiance, refusal to comply with rules, blaming others.
Treatment: Behavioral therapy, family therapy, parent training.
2. Conduct Disorder:
Definition: Persistent pattern of behavior violating the rights of others or societal norms.
Symptoms: Aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness, theft.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, interventions to address underlying
issues.
3. Intermittent Explosive Disorder:
Definition: Episodes of impulsive aggression, often disproportionate to the provocation.
Symptoms: Verbal or physical aggression, property destruction, rapid onset of anger.
Treatment: Anger management therapy, cognitive-behavioral interventions.
4. Pyromania:
Definition: Compulsive fascination with fire, leading to deliberate fire-setting.
Symptoms: Pleasure or relief from fire-setting, tension before the act, fascination with fire.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, addressing underlying emotional issues.
5. Kleptomania:
Definition: Compulsive urge to steal items that are not needed for personal use or financial gain.
Symptoms: Impulsive stealing, relief after the act, guilt or remorse.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, addressing underlying emotional issues.
Disruptive, impulse-control,
and conduct disorders
require professional
assessment by mental
health specialists, often in
collaboration with
educators and families.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient consistently violates the rights of others, shows disregard for societal norms, and
displays aggressive behaviors such as bullying, fighting, and cruelty towards animals. What conduct disorder
is characterized by these behaviors?
a) Oppositional defiant disorder
b) Intermittent explosive disorder
c) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
d) Conduct disorder
d) Conduct disorder
Question 2: A nurse is caring for a patient who often lies, steals, and manipulates others to get what they want.
What disorder involves a pattern of engaging in deceitful and manipulative behaviors?
a) Oppositional defiant disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Intermittent explosive disorder
d) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Question 3: A patient consistently has angry outbursts, temper tantrums, and is frequently argumentative and
defiant towards authority figures. However, the behavior is less severe than that seen in conduct disorder.
What disorder is characterized by these behaviors?
a) Oppositional defiant disorder
a) Oppositional defiant disorder
b) Intermittent explosive disorder
c) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
d) Conduct disorder
(MCQ)
Question 4: A patient frequently exhibits episodes of intense anger, impulsivity, and aggressive outbursts that
are out of proportion to the situation. What disorder is characterized by these sudden and uncontrollable
bursts of rage?
a) Oppositional defiant disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Intermittent explosive disorder
d) Conduct disorder
c) Intermittent explosive disorder
Question 5: A nurse is assessing a patient who consistently violates the rights of others, lacks empathy, and
displays manipulative and deceitful behaviors. What personality disorder is often associated with these traits?
a) Borderline personality disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
c) Dependent personality disorder
d) Avoidant personality disorder
b) Antisocial personality disorder
Question 6: A patient exhibits a pattern of intentionally starting fires and deriving pleasure from doing so.
What disorder involves a persistent fascination with fire-setting?
a) Oppositional defiant disorder
c) Pyromania
b) Conduct disorder
c) Pyromania
d) Intermittent explosive disorder
Other Mental Health Disorders
1. Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder:
Definition: Persistent feelings of detachment from oneself (depersonalization) or surroundings
(derealization).
Symptoms: Feeling disconnected from reality, like an observer, emotional numbness.
Treatment: Psychotherapy, stress reduction, addressing underlying factors.
2. Hoarding Disorder:
Definition: Excessive difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, leading to clutter and impaired
functioning.
Symptoms: Accumulation of excessive items, distress about discarding, difficulty organizing.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, addressing underlying emotional issues.
3. Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder):
Definition: Recurrent hair-pulling resulting in noticeable hair loss, often driven by tension or anxiety.
Symptoms: Hair loss, repeated hair-pulling, distress about the behavior.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, habit reversal training.
4. Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder:
Definition: Repetitive skin-picking causing skin damage, often driven by tension or anxiety.
Symptoms: Skin lesions, repetitive picking, distress about the behavior.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, habit reversal training.
5. Gambling Disorder:
Definition: Problematic gambling causing significant distress or impairment.
Symptoms: Preoccupation with gambling, inability to control gambling, chasing losses.
Treatment: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, support groups.
Accurate diagnosis
and treatment require
thorough assessment
by mental health
specialists who are
knowledgeable about
the specific disorder.
Tailored interventions
and support are
essential for helping
individuals manage
and overcome these
challenges.
(MCQ)
Question 1: A patient experiences a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity
that leads to avoidance behavior. What type of disorder is characterized by this fear?
a) Generalized anxiety disorder
b) Panic disorder
c) Specific phobia
d) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
c) Specific phobia
Question 2: A nurse is caring for a patient who experiences recurring intrusive thoughts and engages in
repetitive behaviors to reduce distress. What disorder is characterized by these symptoms?
a) Generalized anxiety disorder
b) Panic disorder
c) Specific phobia
d) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
d) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Question 3: A patient has intense fear and anxiety about being in social situations, often leading to
avoidance of such situations. What disorder is characterized by this fear of negative evaluation by others?
a) Agoraphobia
b) Social anxiety disorder
c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
d) Panic disorder
b) Social anxiety disorder
(MCQ)
Question 4: A patient experiences sudden and recurrent episodes of intense fear and physical symptoms
such as palpitations, trembling, and shortness of breath. What disorder is characterized by these panic
attacks?
a) Agoraphobia
d) Panic disorder
b) Social anxiety disorder
c) Specific phobia
d) Panic disorder
Question 5: A nurse is assessing a patient who has a preoccupation with imagined defects in physical
appearance and engages in repetitive behaviors related to appearance. What disorder is characterized by
this preoccupation?
a) Body dysmorphic disorder
a) Body dysmorphic disorder
b) Social anxiety disorder
c) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
d) Panic disorder
Question 6: A patient experiences extreme mood swings, including periods of depression and periods of
elevated mood and energy. What disorder is characterized by these mood fluctuations?
a) Bipolar disorder
a) Bipolar disorder
b) Major depressive disorder
c) Schizophrenia
d) Borderline personality disorder