WRITING EFFECTIVE RESUMES
1.
Introduction
a.
In today's competitive job market, the significance of crafting an effective
resume cannot be overstated. A well-written resume holds the potential to
substantially influence an individual's progression in the hiring process,
facilitating the securing of an interview and, ultimately, a job offer. Serving as a
crucial tool for job seekers, a well-crafted resume enables the concise and
compelling presentation of skills, experience, and qualifications. Such a
document can make a lasting first impression on potential employers, often
being the initial point of assessment to gauge a candidate's suitability for a
specific role.
b.
A resume that adeptly showcases relevant skills and experiences has the
power to captivate hiring managers, prompting them to delve deeper into the
applicant's candidacy. Furthermore, a well-structured and tailored resume not
only demonstrates a candidate's attention to detail but also exudes
professionalism. It conveys a sense of organization and clarity, facilitating
employers in swiftly identifying pertinent qualifications and experiences.
Aligning a resume closely with the job description requirements serves as a
strategic move, illustrating the candidate's fit for the role and heightening the
likelihood of being invited for an interview.
c.
Moreover, a resume functions as a potent marketing tool for job seekers,
allowing them to accentuate their unique strengths and accomplishments,
setting them apart from other applicants. A well-articulated resume effectively
communicates the value an individual can bring to a company, highlighting their
potential contributions. By showcasing achievements and expertise, applicants
can demonstrate their capability to deliver results, significantly influencing an
employer's perception of their candidacy.
2.
What’s the point of a Resume?
A Resume is a document that you, as the
jobseeker, use to promote your skills, abilities, and knowledge to a potential employer. It
leverages your past experiences and accomplishments to position you for future
opportunities. From an employer's perspective, Resumes are employed to identify qualified
candidates to invite for an interview. Resumes, on their own, do not generate job offers, but
well-written Resumes do facilitate interviews as they serve as a crucial marketing tool. While
the Resume holds significance, it is just one of several steps that constitute a successful job
search.
3.
What is the difference between a CV and a Resume?
a.
The terms CV and Resume are often thrown around without context, leaving
many job seekers quite confused. What's the real difference between these two
documents? When should you which one? Let us simplify the differences
between a CV and a Resume in a very easy way.
(1)
CV vs. Resume
(a)
A CV, which stands for Curriculum Vitae, is a long document that
talks about your professional and academic life. It includes
everything from your academics to your awards, publications,
research projects, and even your interests. There is no strict rule
on how long a CV should be! It can range anywhere from two to
eight
pages,
depending
on
your
experience
and
accomplishments.
(b)
While a Resume is like a shorter, and more concise form of the
CV. It's a focused document meant to give employers a quick look
into your work history, skills, and education. Unlike the CV, a
Resume is usually limited to just one or two pages. It's all about
showing the most relevant work experiences and skills.
(2)
How are they Different?

The most noticeable difference is the length. A Resume is all
about being brief, often fitting onto a single page. On the other
hand, a CV is like a long work of your professional history, it can
be anywhere from two to eight pages.

A CV is all about your academic achievements and experiences.
It gets into your educational background, awards, research
projects, and publications. It might even list your teaching
experiences, conferences attended, and any certificates or grants
you've received. If you're looking for academic positions,
2
research roles, or high-level industry positions, a CV is what you
need.

A Resume is all about depicting your work experiences and skills
that are directly related to the job you're applying for. Work
experience takes the main sections, with education following at
the end.
(3)
The usage of CV and Resume is different around the world so you
should be a bit careful. In many European countries, the term CV is a
term that includes all job application documents, including what's usually
known as a Resume. But in the United States and Canada, CV and
Resume are sometimes used interchangeably. It's always a good idea
for you to be clear on what the company wants when you're applying for
a job.
(4)
When to Use Which?
So, when should you use a CV or a
Resume? It depends on your career path and where you're job search.
If you're going into academia like becoming an educator or a researcher,
then a CV is the thing you need. You should make sure to check the
institution's guidelines on what to include in your CV because they might
have specific requirements.
(5)
For jobs in the private sector or other non-academic industries, a
Resume is enough. It highlights your work history, skills, and expertise
directly related to the job you're chasing. We know that the whole CV vs.
Resume thing can be sometimes confusing but if you're ever in doubt
about which one to submit, just reach out to the hiring manager.
5.
General Guidelines

Writing a Resume is an art, not a science. The goal is not to force your content
into a particular template but rather to find a format and style that highlights your
experience and strengths. The order and emphasis of your sections should also
reflect the level of priority for your reader.

Put yourself in the shoes of your reader. Can they easily find the information
they are looking for? Are the skills and experience you would bring to the
organization clearly articulated?
3

Use concrete examples when describing your experience. What did you
do/accomplish?

Your Resume needs to be consistent and clear in terms of its style and format,
professional in its content and overall presentation, and as much as possible,
specifically targeted to the position/company/field you are applying to.

Do your research! For your applications to be effective, you need to demonstrate
knowledge of the employer and what they are looking for. Be intentional and
informed, not generic!

Length: Your Resume can be up to two pages. There are a few exceptions,
including the management/business sector, which tends to prefer one page.
6.
The “Master Resume” - Your first.
To make customizing your Resume for each
application easier, we recommend compiling a “master Resume” that includes everything.
The idea is to have a comprehensive record of your activities, experiences and
accomplishments that you can draw on for future applications. Use the Common Resume
Components list on the next page to get started. Sample Resume formats are attached as
Annexure A and Annexure B.
4
7.
Common Resume Components
These are the basic components of a Resume for a current undergraduate student or recent
graduate. While your contact information always comes first, the other sections can and
should be presented in whichever order is most relevant to the position for which you are
applying.
Contact Information
 Include your full name, phone
number and a professional
email in an attractive header
 Including your full civic address
is optional
 If pertinent, you can indicate a
local
and
permanent
address/city
 Include your website and/or
edited LinkedIn URL if relevant
 In North America, personal
information such as age and
citizenship are not included
Languages
 If you speak more than one
language, list these in order of
relevance to the workplace
 Indicate your level of proficiency
(i.e. basic, intermediate, fluent)
Computer/Technical/Laboratory
Skills
 List
the
specific
programs/software
or
lab
techniques you are familiar with
Education
 List all degrees you hold or are
working on, most recent first
 Include any specializations
(major, minor), thesis or honours
work
 You can include scholarships
and awards as details here, or in
a separate “Awards” section
Experience
There are many ways to organize this
information. Early on, general section
headings such as “Volunteer Experience” work
well. However, once you have more
experience and want to highlight patterns you
have identified, try to strategically use headers
for your experience section(s) to incorporate
key skills from the job description.
General options include:
 Work Experience
 Volunteer Experience
 Extracurricular Experience
 Career-Related Experience
 Additional Experience
Sample targeted headings:
 Tutoring Experience
 Sales and Customer Service Experience
 Outreach and Marketing Experience
 Writing and Editing Experience
 Research Experience
 Leadership Experience
 Performance Experience
 Administrative Experience
Certifications/Affiliations/Membershi
ps/ Additional Training

Interests and Activities

Awards and Scholarships

List any additional certifications or active
memberships you hold, along with the
dates
List titles, reason for the award (if
not clear from the title) and dates
5
Make sure this section is organized and
relatively detailed/specific
8.
Language, Style & Format
a.
Format.
Use a simple, clear format such as the example below:
What (your degree or job title)
date-date
Where (school or company and location)
•
b.
Details
General Guidelines

Use formatting techniques such as indenting and bold consistently
throughout to increase readability.

Use bullet points for your details; long dense paragraphs are hard to read
quickly and Resumes are usually skimmed in a few seconds, not read
word-for-word.

List education and experience in reverse chronological order (most
recent first “by end date”).

Simple, straightforward layouts tend to work best; avoid tables,
boxes, and templates.

Choose a standard, legible and professional font in a legible size.

Ensure your email address, voicemail message and any URLs are
professional in tone.

PROOFREAD your Resume carefully for typos, spelling mistakes and
poor grammar.
9.
Describing your Experience

Aim for a factual, confident and professional tone; avoid embellishment.

Use active, skills-based language and specific examples to highlight your
accomplishments.

Start each bullet with an action verb instead of using pronouns (i.e. I, we).

Pay attention to verb tenses: if you are no longer working somewhere, the
verbs should be in the past tense, for a current activity, use the present tense.

Add a descriptor for clarity if your title was “Volunteer” or “Intern”, (i.e. Volunteer
Peer Tutor, Administrative Intern).
6
10.
Targeting Your Resume. Keep the following tips in mind to ensure your Resume
is specifically tailored for each application:
Read the job description carefully and research the organization to identify the
key skills needed.

Use targeted headings which speak to the main requirements of the position.

Ensure your descriptive bullets are prioritized and tailored for the role,

Consider the order of your sections to make sure the most important
experiences appear early on,
11.
Resume objectives and summaries for any career level?
a.
Difference between resume objectives and summaries?
(1)
A resume objective is a brief statement that describes your career
aspirations and how you can contribute to the employer's success. It
is usually used by entry-level candidates or career changers who
want to highlight their transferable skills and motivation.
(2)
A resume summary is a concise overview of your professional
experience, skills, and accomplishments that demonstrate your value
and fit for the role. It is usually used by mid-level or senior candidates
who have a solid track record and relevant expertise.
(3)
Examples Resume Objective:
Eager to apply my background in
environmental science to a role at Green Tech Innovations, bringing
dedication and a deep passion for sustainable solutions to contribute
to the company's mission and growth.
(4)
Resume Summary: Seasoned project manager with over 10 years
in the tech sector, successfully leading teams of 20+ and delivering
projects valued at $5M+. Proven expertise in agile methodologies
and stakeholder management, consistently achieving milestones and
boosting client satisfaction rates by 30%.
b.
How to write a resume objective?
A resume objective should be
tailored to the job and employer you are applying for. It should answer who
you are, what you are looking for, and why you are a good fit in no longer
than two sentences, including keywords from the job description. For
example, an entry-level applicant might seek a customer service
7
representative position at ABC Company to utilize their communication,
problem-solving, and interpersonal skills; a career changer may look to
transition to a project manager role at XYZ Organization with their
organizational, leadership, and analytical skills; and a senior-level candidate
may leverage their creativity, innovation, and expertise as a marketing
director with over 10 years of experience to drive growth and profitability at
LMN Inc.
c.
How to write a resume summary?
A resume summary should be a
succinct showcase of your most relevant and impressive achievements,
skills, and qualifications that match the job and employer's needs. It should
demonstrate your unique value proposition and what makes you stand out
from other candidates. A resume summary should be no longer than four
sentences and should use quantifiable metrics and action verbs. Examples
of resume summaries for different career levels include an entry-level recent
graduate with a bachelor's degree in accounting and a 3.8 GPA, proficient
in Excel, QuickBooks, and SAP; a mid-level certified project manager with
over five years of experience in managing complex IT projects for Fortune
500 clients; and a senior-level dynamic leader with over 15 years of
experience in the healthcare industry. Each has demonstrated their ability
to deliver projects on time, within budget, and with high quality, as well as
their capacity to develop innovative strategies, policies, and programs to
improve patient outcomes, operational efficiency, and stakeholder
engagement.
d.
How to choose between resume objectives and summaries?
The choice between resume objectives and summaries depends on your
career level, goals, and situation. Generally, resume objectives are more
suitable for candidates who are new to the workforce, changing careers, or
have gaps in their employment history. Resume summaries are more
suitable for candidates who have relevant and consistent experience, skills,
and achievements that match the job and employer's expectations.
However, there is no hard and fast rule, and you should always consider the
purpose, audience, and context of your resume when deciding which type
of statement to use.
e.
How to format resume objectives and summaries?
Resume
objectives and summaries should be placed at the top of your resume,
8
below your contact information and before your education, work experience,
and other sections. They should be written in a clear, concise, and
professional tone, using active voice and positive words. They should also
be aligned with the rest of your resume, using the same font, size, and style.
You can use bullet points or paragraphs to format your resume objectives
and summaries, depending on your preference and space availability.
However, make sure to keep them short and avoid unnecessary details or
filler words.
f.
How to revise and proofread resume objectives and summaries?
Revising and proofreading your resume objectives and summaries is
essential for ensuring that they are effective and free of errors. To do this,
review them to make sure they are relevant, specific, and tailored to the job
and employer you are applying for. Additionally, check for grammar,
spelling, punctuation, and formatting errors. You can use online tools or ask
a friend or professional to help you with this. Lastly, read your resume
objectives and summaries aloud to ensure they are clear, concise, and
coherent. You can also use text-to-speech software or apps to listen to them
and catch any mistakes or awkward phrases.
12.
AI as a Tool in Resume Writing
a.
We leverage AI in various ways to optimize and streamline the Resume
enhancement process:
(1)
Parsing.
Facilitates time-saving by enabling users to import and
organize their existing Resume data efficiently.
(2)
Optimization.
Provides alternative phrase variations
and suggests ideas to enhance the overall content of Resumes.
(3)
Examples.
Offers AI-generated examples to assist job seekers in
initiating the Resume-building process and adopting best practices.
(4)
Scanning.
Delivers immediate, 24/7 feedback on Resumes,
enabling job seekers to fine-tune their content for better impact.
(5)
Skills Gap Analysis.
Compares
Resumes
with
job
descriptions, pinpointing skills gaps and highlighting areas of
alignment to optimize application success.
9
(6)
Keyword Suggestions:
Identifies relevant keywords from job
postings to assist Resumes in surpassing employer screening
technologies.
b.
It is essential to note that our utilization of AI extends beyond content
creation. Rather than being solely for content generation, we harness AI for
ideation and enhancement. This approach ensures that, while AI provides
valuable tools and insights, the individual's unique experiences and skills
remain at the core of the Resume, preserving a personal and authentic
touch.
13.
The 6 Cs of Effective Resume Writing
a.
Drawing from collective experiences, the six Cs of effective Resume writing
principles—sharpened through numerous interactions and real-world
scenarios—have evolved into a guiding force for navigating the intricacies
of Resume crafting. These principles empower one's journey toward
creating a standout application that encapsulates a unique professional
narrative.
(1)
Customization: A 'Ah-Ha!' Moment (Aligning Value).
In
earlier years, a one-size-fits-all Resume approach was utilized. At a
networking event, a seasoned executive, after reviewing a Resume,
gently suggested, “This should speak to me, specifically.” That
marked an 'Ah-Ha!' moment. A Resume is not merely a blueprint; it's
a bespoke pitch tailored to each unique role and company. Infuse it
with the essence of the specific role being applied for, mirroring the
company’s culture and prioritized skills.
Tailoring a Resume to each job application proves transformative. In
today's landscape, companies leverage AI (Artificial Intelligence) to
scan and shortlist Resumes. Incorporating keywords from the job
description heightens the chances of a Resume being shortlisted. For
instance, if applying for a project management role, emphasize
successful projects and leadership experiences. Showcasing impact
through customized details demonstrates a commitment to making a
difference.
(2)
Clarity: Lessons from a Mountain of Resumes (The Power of
Precision). In leading a hiring committee, the employer faced an
10
overwhelming 500 applications for one role. Resumes that stood out
were those where achievements were clear and precise.
Clarity serves as the cornerstone of effective communication. A wellorganized Resume, utilizing bullet points and concise language, can
make all the difference. Instead of generic terms, focus on specific
accomplishments. Rather than stating "Managed a team," highlight
"Led a cross-functional team of 10 members, achieving a 20%
increase in project efficiency," painting a vivid picture. Specificity
captures attention and showcases expertise. Clear and precise
language ensures potential impact isn't lost in vague descriptions.
(3)
Conciseness:
Inspired
by
Mentor’s
Wisdom
(Curating
Relevance). A mentor once imparted, “Your Resume is your movie
trailer, not the full feature.” This wisdom holds. Prioritize the
blockbuster hits of a career, those directly tied to the targeted job.
Leave them wanting to know more.
In a world of information overload, brevity is a virtue. Prioritize
information directly relevant to the targeted job. For instance, if
aiming for a marketing position, emphasize marketing campaigns
and analytics expertise, briefly mentioning unrelated roles. A concise
Resume keeps recruiters and hiring managers engaged and focused
on what truly matters.
(4)
Compelling storytelling: The Narrative That Landed a Dream Job
(Breathing Life into Achievements).
When
applying
for
a
leadership role, achievements were not merely listed. Instead, a story
was woven, detailing how a struggling project was turned around by
rallying a dispirited team, using real data to illustrate the
transformation. Storytelling transforms a Resume from a list into a
compelling narrative.
Storytelling, combined with data-driven examples, is the secret sauce
that brings a Resume to life. Instead of merely listing achievements,
tell the story behind them. Did one optimize customer service
processes? Say, "Implemented a new system resulting in a 25%
reduction in response times and a 15% increase in customer
11
satisfaction scores." This demonstrates impact and adds a personal
touch.
(5)
Consistency:
A
Lesson
from
(Professionalism in Every Detail).
a
Painful
Oversight
A hiring manager pointed
out that the fonts in a Resume were inconsistent, leading to a small
oversight that cost a job. Consistency isn’t just about looking neat;
it’s a signal of attention to detail.
Consistency reflects professionalism. From font choice to formatting,
maintain a uniform style throughout a Resume. This seemingly small
detail speaks volumes about attention to detail and care for
presentation. By paying attention to these elements, a commitment
is showcased to delivering consistent quality in all endeavours.
(6)
Cover
Letter:
The
Power
(Personalization and Potential).
of
Personal
Connection
A breakthrough came when
cover letters ceased to be viewed as a formality. When applying for
a critical role, a letter was written to the hiring manager about why
the company’s mission resonated with a personal journey, and how
a background could contribute to that mission. It wasn't just a letter;
it was a heartfelt note. It worked.
Don't underestimate the power of a tailored cover letter. Address the
hiring manager personally, express enthusiasm for the role, and
mention a specific achievement that highlights a fit. For example,
“Excited to apply expertise in data analysis to drive insights at
[Company Name].” A thoughtfully written cover letter reinforces a
Resume's
impact
by
providing
context
and
depth
to
accomplishments.
b.
Pitfalls to Avoid: Lessons from the Trenches.
In the journey of
mastering the 6 Cs, it is crucial to steer clear of common pitfalls. Avoid
excessive length, generic language, spelling errors, irrelevant information,
an unorganized layout, and overemphasis on responsibilities. Instead, focus
on achievements, quantifiable results, and impactful contributions.
c.
Your Guiding Stars Toward Success. In the competitive world of job
hunting, mastering the 6 Cs of effective Resume writing isn't just about
following a set of rules; it's about internalizing a philosophy of impact-driven
12
communication. By integrating these principles into your approach, you can
create a Resume that not only captures your professional journey but also
presents it in a way that resonates with potential employers. Your Resume
is your story—make it compelling, authentic, and backed by tangible
achievements. In the journey toward success, let the 6 Cs be your
unwavering guiding stars.
14.
Why your Resume might be getting Rejected?
Resume
rejection—an
experience shared by many, often accompanied by that unwelcome email. Fear not, as
we uncover common reasons behind Resume rejections and strategies to sidestep these
challenges. So, grab a cup of coffee, settle in, and let's delve into it!
a.
Missing
Personal
Connection:
Acknowledging
the
Challenge.
Understanding the difficulty in crafting and tailoring Resumes for each job
application is crucial. One potential cause for rejection may be the absence
of a personal touch. Employers seek more than qualifications; they desire a
glimpse of your personality. Inject a bit of individuality into the Resume—
share a brief anecdote, emphasize passions, or showcase alignment with
company culture. Present the authentic you!
b.
Missing the Relevance Mark: Facing the Crowd.
Employers
sift
through countless Resumes daily. To stand out, your Resume must directly
address the specific job. Invest time in meticulous adjustments to align your
Resume with job requirements and company values. Demonstrate that you
are the ideal fit for the role. A little effort in this domain yields significant
results.
c.
Formatting: The Impact of Presentation.
Underscoring
the
importance of a well-formatted Resume is essential. Picture an employer
opening your Resume only to encounter a disorganized jumble of
information—it's disconcerting! To evade this, maintain clean and consistent
formatting. Employ headings and bullet points. Remember, a visually
appealing Resume leaves a positive initial impression.
d.
Grammar and Syntax: Tackling Linguistic Errors. Now,
addressing
potential grammatical errors lurking in Resumes is vital. Typos, spelling
mistakes, and grammatical mishaps can prove detrimental. Employers seek
error-free Resumes that are precise. Dedicate time to thorough
13
proofreading, utilize grammar-check tools, seek assistance from peers, or
reach out to professionals for support.
e.
Lack of Evidence: Demonstrating Achievements. Employers
crave
evidence of accomplishments. Quantify achievements whenever feasible.
Did you boost sales by a certain percentage? Numbers resonate louder than
words. Illustrate your capabilities and past accomplishments convincingly.
f.
Keeping it Concise: Respecting Employer's Time. Extensive Resumes
can overwhelm employers, making it challenging to locate crucial
information. Craft a concise representation of your skills and experiences.
Trim unnecessary details and concentrate on relevance. Stick to the
highlights; if needed, delve deeper during the interview. A concise Resume
demonstrates respect for the employer's time and heightens the chance of
capturing their attention.
15.
The Do’s and Don’ts of Resume Writing.
Are you feeling lost in the highly
competitive job market? You’re not alone. It’s frustrating when your carefully crafted
resume seems to disappear without a trace, leaving you waiting for a call that never
comes. But here’s the bright side: there’s a way to turn things around. Your resume can
be more than just a document; it can be the golden ticket that unlocks new opportunities.
Ready to make your resume not just good, but great? Let’s jump in and discover how to
create a professional CV that paves the way to your dream job!
a.
Avoid These Common Pitfalls
(1)
Heavy Blocks of Text.
It’s
important
to
understand
that
recruiters often have limited time to review each resume. They
typically skim through them to find key information quickly. This
means that resumes with dense, long paragraphs are less likely to
hold their attention. By contrast, resumes with clear, concise content
are more effective in catching and keeping a recruiter’s interest.
(2)
Wrong Format.
If a job ad specifies a format, follow it religiously.
This could be due to compatibility with the Applicant Tracking System
(ATS). Ignoring format specifications can lead to a resume being
directly rejected or overlooked. The ATS may fail to parse critical
information from the resume or incorrectly categorize it, resulting in a
lower ranking among other candidates. This makes adherence to the
specified format not just a matter of preference but a critical step in
14
ensuring the resume is effectively reviewed.
(3)
Bad styling. The choice of text colours and fonts in a resume can
significantly impact its professionalism. Bright, flashy colours or hardto-read fonts can appear unprofessional and may distract from the
content of the resume. It’s important to remember that a resume is a
formal document and its appearance should reflect that.
(4)
Europass CV.
While the Europass CV format has been widely
used for years, it’s increasingly viewed as outdated in today’s
dynamic job market. Employers no longer specifically require this
format, opening the door for more contemporary and innovative
resume styles. Consider adopting newer formats that allow for
greater flexibility and personalization, ensuring that your resume
effectively showcases your unique skills and experiences.
(5)
False Information. Never lie on your resume. Overstating your
position or qualifications can backfire, especially if the truth surfaces
later. Never lie on your resume. Being honest and transparent about
your skills and experiences is the best policy. Integrity speaks
volumes. Always.
(5)
Irrelevant and Old Employment History.
Ensure
that
your
work experience aligns with the role for which you are applying.
Highlight transferable skills if you are transitioning between
industries, but avoid listing irrelevant job experiences or positions
held more than two decades ago. There’s no need to mention the job
you had as a teenager unless you’re a very young candidate with no
prior experience.
(6)
Too Much Personal Info. In most Western countries, details like
your street address, gender, age, religion, marital status, or
nationality are unnecessary and can inadvertently lead to
unconscious bias in the recruitment process. Recruiters and hiring
managers are humans and may hold subconscious prejudices that
could influence their decision-making. The focus should be on skills,
experiences, and qualifications relevant to the job.
(7)
Inappropriate Email Address.
Using a current work email for job
applications is not advisable. It can be seen as unprofessional or a
15
breach of your current employer’s trust. Moreover, it could lead to
awkward situations if your job search becomes known to your current
employer.
Additionally, email addresses that are frivolous, suggestive, or
unprofessional (like hotguy69@example.com) can create a negative
impression. Such addresses can be seen as immature or
unprofessional, potentially leading recruiters to question the
applicant’s judgment and professionalism. Remember, the contact
information on a resume is often the first thing recruiters notice.
(8)
Questionable Work Experience.
It’s generally advisable to
omit experiences where you were fired or left under contentious
circumstances. Including such experiences can raise red flags for
potential employers and lead to uncomfortable questions during
interviews. Unless you are Sam Altman and the whole world already
knows you were kicked out, it doesn’t matter if you put that in your
resume. Just focus on positive experiences and achievements.
(9)
Past Salary Info – A big NO.
Including past salary details on a
resume is generally considered inappropriate and irrelevant. A
resume is meant to showcase your skills, experiences, and
achievements,
not
your
financial
history.
Mentioning
past
compensation doesn’t add value to your qualifications for the job.
Stating your past salaries can also inadvertently set a benchmark for
future compensation. If your previous salary was lower than the
market rate for the position you’re applying for, you might be
unintentionally setting a lower expectation for your new salary.
Similarly, if your past salary was high, it might lead potential
employers to assume you’re out of their budget.
(10)
Unnecessary Info About Previous Employers and Experience.
Including the full address of previous employers on a resume is
generally unnecessary. It’s not typically relevant to your qualifications
or the job you’re applying for. Including just the city is sufficient to
provide a geographical context of your past work experience.
Also, while it’s important to provide a timeline of your work history,
the exact start and end dates (day, month, and year) of each
16
employment are not necessary. Instead, listing the duration in years
and months is usually adequate and simplifies the resume. This
approach still gives potential employers a clear understanding of the
length of time they spend in each role.
(11)
Personal Hobbies and Interests.
Given the limited space on
a resume, it’s crucial to prioritize the most important information.
Including hobbies and interests can sometimes take up valuable
space that could be used to elaborate on your skills and experiences.
Unless they’re directly relevant to the job or add a unique dimension
to your profile, it’s best to leave out hobbies and interests from your
resume.
(12)
Fluff and Buzzwords.
Terms
like
“results-oriented,”
“team
player,” or “hardworking” are often overused in resumes and have
become clichés. These terms are so broad and subjective that they
fail to convey meaningful information about the candidate’s actual
skills and experiences. Using clichéd phrases can make your resume
blend in with countless others, reducing its ability to stand out.
Recruiters who see these terms frequently may overlook them,
diminishing the impact of your resume.
(13)
Errors.
Nothing undermines a professional resume more than
typos and grammatical errors. Such mistakes can give the
impression of carelessness and a lack of attention to detail. In a
document that’s meant to showcase your best self, errors can be a
major detractor.
It’s essential to thoroughly proofread your resume multiple times.
This helps catch any errors that might have been missed in earlier
drafts. Proofreading is not just about checking for spelling mistakes,
but also for grammatical errors, punctuation, and consistency in
format and style.
b.
Do Implement These Strategies
(1)
Clarity and Brevity Speak Volumes.
The most effective resumes
are clear, concise, and to the point. You can utilize bullet points to
break down information into easily digestible pieces. Each bullet
point can highlight a specific skill, achievement, or experience,
17
making it easier for the recruiter to identify the candidate’s
qualifications. This format also encourages the writer to be more
concise and to the point.
Also, make sure you use short, impactful sentences to help you make
a stronger impression. These sentences should be action-oriented,
emphasising achievements and skills. For example, instead of saying
“I was involved in project management,” a more impactful sentence
would be “Led a team of 10 in a successful project deployment.”
(2)
Make Your Resume a Perfect Fit.
Generic resumes are rarely
cut. On the other hand, customizing the resume for each application,
including formatting and content, shows that you have put thought
and effort into your application and demonstrates your understanding
of the role and its requirements. This customization can make a
significant difference, especially when the job market is highly
competitive.
(3)
Numbers Tell a Story.
Quantify
your
achievements
where
possible. Numbers provide a concrete measure of your capabilities
and make your accomplishments more tangible and credible. They
offer a clear and objective way to demonstrate the extent of your
contributions and successes. This can be particularly persuasive to
potential employers, as it provides them with a measurable indicator
of your capabilities. The use of infographics can also be a nice
addition, wherever appropriate.
(4)
Keep it Clean and Professional.
Your
resume’s
layout
should be clean and organized, making it easy for recruiters to scan
and appreciate your qualifications. Small details like font choice and
spacing can make a big difference. In the end, well-executed
minimalism is always classy and gets the right attention. Opting for
standard, easy-on-the-eyes fonts (such as Arial, Times New Roman,
or Calibri) and colours enhances readability and presents a clean,
professional look. Standard fonts are also more likely to be
compatible with ATS systems, ensuring that the text is parsed
correctly.
Colour psychology can also be subtly employed to influence how
18
recruiters perceive your resume. Different colours can evoke different
emotions and associations. For example, blue is often associated
with trust and reliability, which might be beneficial for positions in
finance or law. However, it’s crucial to understand the culture of the
industry you’re applying to, as colour perceptions can vary.
(5)
A Summary Can Make a Big Difference.
A resume summary
is a brief section at the top of a resume that highlights your key skills,
experiences, and achievements. It provides a quick overview of your
professional background and what you bring to the table. It’s
especially beneficial for experienced professionals to help them
concisely present a long and varied career. It allows them to
showcase their most significant accomplishments and skills upfront,
ensuring that these highlights don’t get lost in a lengthy work history.
It’s also a great option for those who have undergone a career
change. A summary is particularly useful in outlining transferable
skills. It can help draw connections between past experiences and
the requirements of the new field or position. For example, a former
teacher moving into corporate training can highlight skills in
presentation, curriculum development, and educational needs
assessment.
If you have no experience, a summary could help you as well by
focusing on educational achievements, relevant skills, and personal
attributes. It’s an opportunity to showcase enthusiasm, potential, and
how one’s skills align with the job requirements. Tailoring this
summary to each specific job application can help you highlight your
suitability and readiness for the role.
Remember: a summary should be brief yet impactful. Typically, a
few sentences are enough to convey the essential aspects of your
background. The goal is to be succinct but powerful in your language.
(6)
The Power of Keywords. In the age of digital recruitment, including
relevant keywords is vital. Use terms and phrases from the job
description. This not only demonstrates that you’re a good fit but also
helps your resume get past applicant tracking systems (ATS) that
use AI. These systems scan resumes for specific keywords related
19
to the job opening. Resumes that contain more of these keywords
are more likely to be passed on for further review by a recruiter or
hiring manager. However, be cautious of overloading your resume
with keywords that can make your resume seem unnatural and even
be flagged by more sophisticated ATS as potentially manipulative.
(7)
A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words.
A
professional
headshot adds a personal touch to your resume. It gives a face to the
name and can help create a connection with the recruiter or hiring
manager. The headshot should professionally represent you. This
means choosing a photo where you are dressed in professional or
business-appropriate attire, similar to what you would wear to a job
interview for the role you are applying for.
The photo should be of high quality, with good lighting and focus.
Ensure that your face is visible, and the expression is friendly and
approachable. The background of the photo should be neutral and
non-distracting. A simple, solid colour background or a professional
setting is preferable. Avoid busy backgrounds that can take the focus
away from you.
(8)
Cultural and Industry Considerations.
It’s
important
to
consider the cultural norms and industry standards when deciding to
include a headshot. In some cultures and industries, adding a photo
is common, while in others, it can be seen as unprofessional or
unnecessary.
(9)
Continuous Updates: Keep It Fresh. Treating your resume as a
living document means recognising that it should evolve. As you gain
new experiences, skills, and achievements, your resume should be
updated to reflect these changes. This approach keeps your
professional profile current and relevant. If you have an online
resume or a LinkedIn profile, regular updates are equally important.
These platforms are often the first place potential employers or
recruiters will look to learn more about you.
16.
Optimize Your Resume for Applicant Tracking Systems
a.
Understanding Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS).
An Applicant
Tracking System (ATS) is a software application primarily designed to assist
20
hiring companies in efficiently collecting and organizing a large volume of
applicants. Instead of manually reviewing each application, recruiters can
focus on candidates identified as strong matches by the ATS. The system
narrows down the applicant pool by searching for keywords such as job
titles, qualifications, and required skills, as well as other details like former
employers, experience, universities, and qualifications.
b.
Significance of Applicant Tracking Systems.
Job
seekers
encounter an ATS when applying for a role through an online form. To
ensure the right search terms and a high match rate, it's crucial to study the
job description and incorporate the organization's language into your
resume. Use the terminology found in the company's publications and
communications to enhance your resume's visibility.
c.
Additional Tips for ATS-friendly Resumes

Use Text.
Avoid graphics and tables, as ATS may not recognize
them.

Standard Sections.
Stick to recognized sections like Education,
Qualifications, Experience, Interests, and Referees.

Spell Out Acronyms. Clarify industry acronyms to match the ATS's
programmed terms.

Keyword Usage.
Sprinkle keywords lightly, keeping in mind the
human reader who will eventually review your resume.

Avoid Visual Elements.
Do not use images, pictures, symbols, or
shading. Stick to well-known fonts like Arial and Courier.

File Format. Save your file as a .docx if possible, for compatibility with
various systems.
d.
Recruiters may still review every application passing through the ATS, often
spending about 6 seconds to assess past highlights, job titles, and
companies. Ensure your top skills and qualifications are easily identifiable
for a quick and favourable impression.
17.
Conclusion. Creating an effective resume is an art that requires attention to detail,
a deep understanding of the job market, and a personal touch in branding. By following
these tips, you’re not just creating a document; you’re crafting the first impression a
potential employer will have of you. Let your resume reflect your professionalism, skills,
21
and unique personality. Knowing how to create a professional CV, you’re well on your
way to securing that coveted interview and stepping into your dream job. Remember, a
great resume is the first step to career success.
22
References

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-your-resume-might-getting-rejected-faizalam/?trackingId=ZYJfn%2FCuRneuQjR4dzSkyw%3D%3D

https://www.linkedin.com/newsletters/resume-writing-tips-7025185367221780480/

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tips-resume-writing-dos-dont-abhijit-gandhi-vh6uf/

https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/how-can-you-write-resume-objectives-summariesany?lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_search_srp_all%3BKPmxVBLvSvmXe4
LcP7%2FKvg%3D%3D

McGill University, Caps. (n.d.). How to Write a CV. McGill University Career Planning
Service.

Career Education, Circle Hall. (n.d.). Writing an Effective Resume. Elmhurst College
23
Annexure A
SAMMIYA MUJTABA
Oct 15, 1991 | Multan, Pakistan
+923467648007 | sammiyakhan@hotmail.com
A dynamic and seasoned professional, adept at seamlessly navigating the realms of employee
relations, legal advocacy, and business management. My extensive background encompasses
consistently delivering high-quality ER advice to managing diverse business types from ecommerce to creative agencies. As a tech-savvy innovator with a proven ability to swiftly master
any software or tool, I bring an exceptional blend of legal acumen, strategic project management,
and a comprehensive grasp on modern business operations, ensuring robust and holistic
organizational growth and excellence.
EDUCATION
 MPHIL in Mass Communication, 20 21 - 2023
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
 Master’s in mass communication, 2014 – Gold Medallist
Government University College, Faisalabad, Sahiwal Campus
 LLB, 2015
Muhammadan Law College, Bahauddin Zakari y a University, Sahiwal Campus
 Bachelor’s in mass communication, 2012 – Silver Medallist
Virtual University of Pakistan, Sahiwal Campus
Memberships
Awards & Certification
Vice Chairperson – Dec’14 – April’15:
Committee for the Promotion of Human
Rights Law – Lahore High Court Bar
Association
Young Women Leadership Award by Chanan
Development Association – March 7th 2015
Advocate District Bar Multan
Harvard Justice Course certified - 2013
WWF Pakistan – International Member 2016
Selected Author by direct Kindle publishing
Amazon, America. - 2015
American Bar Association – Gold Rewards
Student
Member 2014 - 2019
LUMS SEO & Digital Marketing Certificate 2020
Expert in Setting Up and using the following Web Development, Project Management, Administrative
and Digital Marketing Tools:
Asana
MS Office
WordPress
Google Analytics
ClickUp
Google Suite
Hootsuite
UberSuggest
Dubsado
Teams
Loomly
Agency Analytics
Zoho
Google Workspace
Mailchimp
Convertkit
Slack
Shopify
Clickfunnels
Freshworks Tools
Zapier
ChatGPT
Helium10
Bonsai
24
EXPERIENCE
Employee Relations Advisor | Confidential - UK | Oct ’ 22 – Till Date













Coordinate with senior ER managers for consistent and high-quality ER advice and
investigations.
Oversee centralized ER service delivery, ensuring alignment with clinical boards and
corporate services.
Provide expert advice on complex cases, liaising with external entities as necessary.
Assure timely and accurate case recording and updates for effective ER reporting.
Ensure compliance with employment legislation and proactively advise on new legislation
impacts.
Foster team development, service delivery improvements, and collaborative working.
Manage Senior ER Advisers and ER Advisers, ensuring their development and support.
Oversee the recruitment, induction, training, and appraisal processes of the team.
Ensure fair case distribution and support in high-volume areas.
Handle a caseload of complex, sensitive, or high-risk cases, including all related tasks and
responsibilities.
Coach managers on ER case management and ensure fair and robust outcomes in hearings
and appeals.
Represent the Trust in Employment Tribunal cases and ensure timely communication
regarding key cases.
Advise on employment legislation and its impact on Confidential’s ER policies.
Criminal Law Advocate| Sahibzada & Associates | July’22 – Till Date



Represented client’s case in the court of law.
Informed and explained to clients about the case updates.
Assisted in filing appeals, and post & pre-arrest bail before the court of law. ▪ Prepared for
court trials or any other legal proceedings.
Freelance Projects | Upwork – US, AU, ISR, EU, CA | Dec’19 – Till Date
Https://upwork.com/fl/sammiyamujtaba
Notable Agencies: Saltwater Digital Australia, Digital Motion, Marcom Technologies, Kaspar
Consulting, HR Expert Consultants UK, Sayn Beauty Amazon








Performed different administrative tasks like emailing, scheduling, taking minutes,
communicating with clients and delegating tasks to the team. Created graphics with Canva,
set up FB & Insta business pages and managed it.
Led several Digital Marketing Campaigns including Meta Ads, TikTok Ads, LinkedIn Ads,
Google Ads, and Amazon Campaigns. I have set up the business manager including ads
manager, pixel, domain verification, and disclaimer verification for specialized ads.
Worked as a creative head for graphics for 5 different businesses.
Worked as an HR manager and wrote company policy, company organizational development
documents, contracts, and NDAs and helped with employee grievances.
Worked as a project manager for a Charity Management System App for Islamic Relief South
Africa, Web Development Projects, and App design projects.
Helped with qualified leads and gained business for the agency through Upwork & ads.
Critically analyze FBA wholesale purchasing sheets to ensure viability for Amazon & Walmart.
Assist in Product research and sourcing for Amazon US market.
25
Fatima Group PFL Site | Industrial Relations Officer | Mar’16 – May’16







The role involves the application of all HR functions along with compliance with Labor Laws
at the designated Factory Complex. Below is a snapshot of my role:
Employee Relationship Management: Hiring of staff, very well trained for discipline and
grievance handling, good knowledge of industrial relations and labour laws.
HR Functions: Well-versed with all HR functions like human resource planning, recruitment,
performance management, compensation & benefits, employee motivation and policy
drafting.
Contract Management: Responsible for Contractors’ management including award of
contracts, processing of their bills and day-to-day operation handling.
Payroll: Responsible for payroll processing of around 800 employees, using TIS & Oracle
HRMIS.
Budgetary Controls: I am the lead budget coordinator for the Administrative Services
Department. Responsible for the preparation & monitoring of Revenue and capex budgets.
Other Functions: Responsible for maintaining companywide nominal roll, employee data,
employees personnel files, processing of promotions, processing of separations of
employees in the form of termination, resignation etc.
Fatima Group PFL Site | Site Coordinator | Feb’15 – Feb’16








Provide support in recruitment, OD and other HR activities of the site by facilitating and
participating. Reviewing Non-Disclosure Agreements and providing legal insight.
Facilitate training activity for Engineers, GTEs, and Staff & Apprentices.
Get Insight into HR Policies, ensuring the workflow complies with the existing policies and
procedures of the company. Participate, engage and lead activities related to CSR, and other
social activities for the welfare of the community.
Ensure implementation of safe work practices; Responsible for safety of personnel; Create
awareness regarding HSE within the organization
Ensure execution of MSA by GMM; participate in and conduct HSE-related meetings e.g.
DSC. Lead Projects such as Green Office, and Safety Week.
Providing administrative support to the GM, managing and facilitating his schedules & travel
arrangements including Visas and also performing any ad-hoc tasks assigned by him.
Responsible for maintaining confidentiality of files and records along with providing
executive support to Group GM by preparing correspondences, reports, and materials for
board presentations.
Providing a bridge for smooth communication between the GM’s office and internal
departments/external stakeholders including Govt. & Military to facilitate the GM by keeping
him well informed of upcoming commitments and responsibilities.
Other Work Experiences
Dates
PILDAT Youth Parliament Member
Apr 2014 – Apr 2015
Legal Apprentice at Sahiwal Bar
Jan 2013 – Feb 2015
Internee at BNU Mass Communication
Department
Jun 2013 – Dec 2013
26
Annexure B
SAMMIYA MUJTABA
CONSULTANT LAWYER - CORPORATE, FAMILY & CRIMINAL
MULTAN, PAKISTAN
00923467648007
PROFILE
Lawyer with 8 years' experience excelling in family litigation, financial crimes, and employment
law. Renowned for meticulous attention to detail and strategic counsel. Adept at navigating
diverse legal areas. Eager to contribute and amplify your company's tradition of legal excellence
as a consultant lawyer.
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
Legal Business Manager at Upwork, Global
March 2019 — Present
•
Contract Law Expertise: Demonstrated proficiency in drafting and reviewing contracts,
ensuring they align with client needs and legal standards.
•
Family Law Mastery: Advised and represented clients in matters of pre-nuptial
agreements, divorce proceedings, and custody arrangements for non-married partners.
•
Employment Law Acumen: Provided counsel on a range of employment issues,
safeguarding client rights and interests.
•
Mitigation & Arbitration: Actively engaged in dispute resolution processes, achieving
efficient and amicable outcomes for clients.
•
Litigation & Drafting: Represented clients in court proceedings, ensuring their rights are
upheld.
Skilled in drafting legal documents, from pleadings to motions.
•
Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs): Expertly crafted NDAs to protect client
confidentiality and proprietary information.
•
UK & Middle East Legal Landscapes: Navigated the intricacies of both UK and Middle
East legal systems, offering clients informed advice and representation.
•
Continuous Learning & Development: Regularly updated knowledge base to stay abreast
of evolving legal regulations and practices in both regions.
Corporate & Criminal Lawyer at District Courts Multan, Multān
June 2016 — February 2023
•
Case Law Research: Tasked with identifying pertinent case laws, preparing research
points for case strategy, and assisting Partners in matters before the High Courts and Supreme
Court of Pakistan.
•
Rapid Skill Development: Within 3 months, honed expertise in scrutinizing judgments,
extracting essential details, and tailoring research to case-specific needs.
•
International Legal Research: Expanded research beyond Pakistani law, delving into UK
and US law (Google Scholar) databases for persuasive value. Leveraged knowledge from MY
law degree to access and interpret UK search engines such as LexisNexis, Westlaw, and Bailii,
providing a distinct advantage during my tenure.
•
Work Ethic & Contribution: Maintained a rigorous 16+ hour daily work schedule,
contributing both administratively and intellectually.
Collaborated on 30 cases, including high-profile matters, showcasing versatility and
commitment.
•
Notable Cases:
Mianchannu Lynching Case: Engaged in a high-profile blasphemy case, focusing on a
comprehensive review of extensive case files, analyzing evidence and witness testimonies.
•
Research on blasphemy laws, human rights, and legal precedents.
27
• Assisting in drafting, compiling, and filing case paperwork.
• Active participation in court proceedings, providing key insights and support to senior associates
and Partners.
Media Magnate Case: Engaged in a case concerning hostile takeovers, focusing on Researching
compliance requirements for shareholders and stakeholders with regulatory bodies.
Industrial Relations Officer at Pak Arab Fertilizer Fatima Group, Multan
February 2015 — May 2016
• HR & Labor Law Compliance: Oversaw HR operations at the designated Factory Complex, ensuring
strict adherence to Labor Laws.
• Employee Relations: Spearheaded staff recruitment, excelling in discipline and grievance
management. Demonstrated deep expertise in industrial relations and labour laws.
• HR Mastery: Proficient in a spectrum of HR tasks, including human resource planning, recruitment,
performance evaluation, compensation structuring, benefits administration, and policy formulation.
• Contract Oversight: Managed contractor relations, from contract initiation to bill processing and
daily operational supervision.
• Payroll Management: Orchestrated payroll processes for approximately 800 employees using TIS &
Oracle HRMIS platforms.
• Budget Coordination: Served as the primary budget coordinator for the Administrative Services
Department, overseeing both Revenue & Capex budget creation and monitoring.
• Administrative Duties: Maintained a comprehensive company-wide nominal roll, manage
employee data, curated personnel files, and efficiently processed promotions, terminations, and
resignations.
EDUCATION
LLB, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Sahiwal
October 2013 — August 2015
Masters in Mass Communication, Government College University Faisalabad, Sahiwal
July 2012 — July 2014
Gold Medalist Graduate
MPhil in Media Studies & Communication, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan
August 2021 — August 2023
Thesis submitted
WORKSHOPS
American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative Workshop, Lahore November 2015 —
November 2015
Participated in ABA Rule of Law Initiative 2-Day workshop
COURSES
Justice, Harvard
June 2013 — August 2013
28