Business communication According to Ricks and Gow defined Business Communication as a system that is responsible to affect change throughout the whole organization while according to W.H. (WeidenfeldHoffmann) Business Communication is exchanging business-related different views, ideas, and news within the related parties. Organizational communication The sending and receiving of messages among interrelated individuals within a particular environment or setting to achieve individual and common goals. Organizational communication is highly contextual and culturally dependent. Individuals in organizations transmit messages through face-to face, written, and mediated channels. Upward communication Is participative as it involves employees giving their opinion. In contrast, downward communication is characterized by issuing directives as top-level management instructs low-level employees on how to carry out their tasks. The main reason for upward communication is to have low-level employees issue suggestions on how some things within the organization should be done or give feedback on earlier communicated issues. Downward communication Is meant to issue low-level employees instructions on their job responsibility or pass the information on organizational policies. Lateral communication Is the sharing of information, ideas, feelings, or concerns between peers within an organization or same-level coworkers regarding their tasks. Grapevine communication Type of informal social interaction in the workplace. This type of communication focuses on how professional share information. If you're a manager or leader in your workplace, it's helpful to recognize the types of grapevine communication occurring within the company. Business letter Business communication is not the same as regular communication. A business letter is a written document you share with your clients, investors, potential hires, and other companies. It addresses the issues or agenda at hand and suggests ways to complete it. Letterhead or Heading A printed heading on stationery, especially one giving the name and address of a business concern, an institution, etc. Dateline A line in a written document or a printed publication giving the date and place of composition Inside Address The inside address is the receiver’s address. It includes the name of the person you are writing to, followed by the person’s home address or by the person’s business title, department (if applicable), company name and company address. Salutation A salutation is a greeting used in a letter or other communication. Salutations can be formal or informal. The most common form of salutation in an English letter includes the recipient's given name or title. Body of the letter The body of the letter is the main and largest part of a letter. The body is made up of one or more paragraphs in which the main idea of the letter is relayed. The first paragraph of the body of a letter should include the reason for writing. Complimentary Close The complimentary close is the word (such as "Sincerely") or phrase ("Best wishes") that conventionally appears before the sender's signature or name at the end of a letter, email, or similar text. Also called a complimentary closing, close, valediction, or signoff. Signature Block A signature block is a personalized block of text that is automatically appended at the bottom of an article, email message, document, or contract. Reference Initials Business letters are often concluded by the inclusion of reference initials. These initials are designed to serve as a reference regarding the writer of the letter, the signer and the typist. Many companies require the use of reference initials on all business letters; others do not. Full Block Style In a full block business letter, every component of the letter (heading, address, salutation, body, salutation, signature, identification, enclosures) is aligned to the left. Also, first sentences of paragraphs are not indented. Modified Block Style In a modified block business letter, the heading, complimentary close, the signature, and identification is aligned to the right. Address, salutation, the body, and enclosures are aligned to the left. First sentences of paragraphs are indented. Semi-Block Style In the semi-block format business letter, all text is aligned to the left margin. As in other business letter templates, each paragraph is separated by double or triple spacing. The main difference between this type of correspondence and others is that the first line of each paragraph is indented. Simplified NOMA (National Office Management Association) This type of style omits the salutation. and the complimentary close. All parts are flushed to the left margin as in the full block. The National Office Management Association recommends that the letter writer adopts its simplified. Open Punctuation Uses fewer terminal punctuation marks like period and other marks that denote the end of a sentence as well as fewer commas than closed punctuations. When you think of open punctuation, “monopoly” is the name of the game. Standard Punctuation Stuffs like comma, semicolon, and colon. you use closed punctuation with abbreviations, introductory greetings, or a letter closing. Closed Punctuation Uses terminal punctuation marks, while open punctuation leaves them out. Terminal punctuation refers to the commas and colons you typically use at the end of phrases, such as the colon after the salutation and a comma after the complimentary close. Interoffice Memorandum Interoffice memorandum also called as memo is an inter all document written to inform employees of the company or organization's policy, procedures, announcements, events, or to give instructions. Minutes of the Meeting Are notes that are recorded during a meeting. They highlight the key issues that are discussed, motions proposed or voted on, and activities to be undertaken. The minutes of a meeting are usually taken by a designated member of the group. Their task is to provide an accurate record of what transpired during the meeting. References: https://studiousguy.com/business-communication/ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-introductiontocommunication/chapter/what-isorganizational-communication/ https://study.com/learn/lesson/upward-communication-advantages-disadvantagesexamples.html https://www.brosix.com/blog/what-is-lateral-communication/ https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/grapevine-communication https://learn.g2.com/business-letter https://www.dictionary.com/browse/letterhead https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dateline https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2guides/guides/wrtps/indexfra.html?lang=fra&lettr=indx_catlog_b&page=9UNkUHwQ3Au0.html#:~:text=The%20inside%20 address%20is%20the%20receiver's%20address.,515%20Concord%20Court https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salutation https://brainly.in/question/39431497 https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-complimentary-close-p2-4008435 https://www.pandadoc.com/ask/what-is-a-signature-block/ https://bizfluent.com/info-8211260-reference-initials-writing-letters.html https://www.hunter.cuny.edu/rwc/repository/files/business-and-professionalwriting/business_letter_handout-major-rev.pdf https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/writing-center/business-letter/types https://www.scribd.com/document/266825167/Open-vs-Close-Punc https://www.google.com/search?q=what+iis+closed+punctuation&sca_esv=583820872&ei=zVda ZYXREJCn2roP9duj-AY&ved=0ahUKEwjF6_x3NCCAxWQk1YBHfXtCG8Q4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=what+iis+closed+punctuation&gs_lp=Egxnd3 Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiG3doYXQgaWlzIGNsb3NlZCBwdW5jdHVhdGlvbjIHEAAYgAQYDTIGEAAYHhgNMgs QABiABBiKBRiGAzILEAAYgAQYigUYhgNIwD1Q5g9YxzZwBHgBkAECmAG_CqABhzmqAQ8wLjUuMi 4xLjEuMC4yLjO4AQPIAQD4AQHCAgoQABhHGNYEGLADwgIKEAAYgAQYDRixA8ICBhAAGAcYHuIDB BgAIEGIBgGQBgg&sclient=gws-wiz-serp https://resources.nu.edu/writingresources/officememo#:~:text=An%20interoffice%20memoran dum%20or%20memo,Label%20as%20%22Interoffice%20Memorandum%22. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/management/meeting-minutes/
