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SI Base Units - Length(L)Meters (m)
SI Base Units - MassKilogram - Kg
SI Base Units - TimeSeconds(s)
SI Base Units - CurrentAmpere (A)
SI Base Units - TemperatureKelvin(K)
Speed of light - Symbolc
Speed of light - Value3.000 *10<sup>8 </sup>m/s
Speed of light - unitsm/s
Plank's constant - Symbolh
Plank's constant - Value6.62 * 10-<sup>34 </sup>j/s
Plank's constant Units & Base unitsJ*s   -----   (kg*m)/s
"Avogadro's # - symbol"N<sub>a</sub> or L
"Avogadro's # - Value"6.022 *10<sup>23</sup> J/(K*mol)
"Avogadro's # - Units/Base Units"J/(K*mol) ------ (kg*m<sup>2</sup>)/(s<sup>2</sup>*K*mol)
Gas Constant - SymbolR
Gas Constant - Value8.314 J/(K*mol)
Gas Constant - Units & Base UnitsJ/(K*mol)  ----- (Kg*m<sup>2</sup>)/(s^<sup>2</sup>*K*mol)
Electric charge or quanitity of electricity  - SymbolCouloumb(C)
Electric charge or quanitity of electricity  - Equivalentss*A  or F*V
Electric charge or quanitity of electricity  - SI Base unit equivalentss * A
Electrical Capacitance - Name/SymbolFarad (F) 
Electrical Capacitance - Equivalents C/V<div><br /></div><div>s/Ω</div>
Electrical Capacitance - SI Base Unit Equivalents(s<sup>4</sup>*A<sup>2</sup>)/(Kg*M<sup>2</sup>)
ELectrical Conductance - SI Base unit Equivalents(s<sup>3</sup>*A<sup>2</sup>)/(Kg*m<sup>2</sup>)
Electrical Conductance - Equivalents 1/Ω<div><br />A/V</div>
Electrical Conductance - Name/SymbolSiemens (S)
Electrical Resistance - Name/SymbolOhms - Ω
Electrical Resistance - Equivalents 1/S<div><br /></div><div>V/A</div>
Electrical Resistance - SI Base unit equivalents(kg*m<sup>2</sup>)/(s<sup>3</sup>*A<sup>2</sup>)
Energy, Work, Heat - Symbol/NameJoule (J)
Energy, Work, Heat - EquivalentsN*m<div><br /></div><div>C*V</div><div><br /></div><div>W*s</div>
Energy, Work, Heat - SI Base unit Equivalents(Kg*m<sup>2</sup>)/s<sup>2</sup>
Force, Weight - Name/SymbolNewton (N)
Force, Weight - Equivelents (Kg*m)/s<sup>2</sup>
Frequency - Name/SymbolHertz (Hz)
Frequency - Equivalents 1/s
Frequency -SI base unit Equivalents s<sup>-1</sup>
Magnetic Field Strength - Name/SymbolTesla - T 
Magnetic Field Strength - Equivalents V*s/m<sup>2</sup><div><br></div><div>Wb/m<sup>2</sup></div><div><br></div><div>N/(A*m)</div>
Magnetic Field Strength - SI Base unit Equivalents kg/(s<sup>2</sup>*A)
Power - Name/SymbolWatter (W)
Power - Equivalent  J/s<div><br></div><div>V*A</div>
Power - SI Base unit Equivalent  (kg*m<sup>2</sup>)/s<sup>3</sup>
Pressure - Symbol/unitPascal (Pa)
Pressure - Equivalents N/m<sup>2</sup>
Pressure - SI base unit Equivalents kg/(m*s<sup>2</sup>)
Celsius to Kelvin0 degrees Celsius = 273 Kelvin (C+273=K)
Voltage, Electrical Potential difference, Electromotive Force - Name/SymbolVolt (V)
Voltage, Electrical Potential difference, Electromotive Force - Equivlent W/A<div><br></div><div>J/C</div>
Voltage, Electrical Potential difference, Electromotive Force - SI Base Unit Equivalent (kg*m<sup>2</sup>)/*(s<sup>3</sup>*A)
2^10 1024 
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">A student wants to understand the influence of family on ADHD diagnosis. He interviews a large sample of 18-20-year-olds at his college and asks about the presence of parents during their childhoods. Additionally, he asks whether each student has ever been officially diagnosed with ADHD by a physician. The results of this survey are shown below:hwo to increase power? <br></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">Increasing the sample size of the study<br></span><span style="color: rgb(36, 188, 80)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252)&#x3B;">In statistics, power refers to the probability that the null hypothesis can be rejected based on the data. In other words, it relates to the statistical significance of the data. One well-known way to increase the power of a study is to increase the sample size. Correlations seen in a large sample are more likely to be significant than those observed in a small one.</span>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">A student wants to understand the influence of family on ADHD diagnosis. He interviews a large sample of 18-20-year-olds at his college and asks about the presence of parents during their childhoods. Additionally, he asks whether each student has ever been officially diagnosed with ADHD by a physician. The results of this survey are shown below:hwo to increase power? <br></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Increasing the sample size of the study<br></span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">In statistics, power refers to the probability that the null hypothesis can be rejected based on the data. In other words, it relates to the statistical significance of the data. One well-known way to increase the power of a study is to increase the sample size. Correlations seen in a large sample are more likely to be significant than those observed in a small one.</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">unit for impulse?</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">(kg*m) / s&nbsp&#x3B; &nbsp&#x3B; &nbsp&#x3B; &nbsp&#x3B; &nbsp&#x3B; &nbsp&#x3B;<br></span><span style="color: rgb(36, 188, 80)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252)&#x3B;">Impulse is the product of force and time, giving it units of (kg*m*s)/s</span><sup>2</sup><span style="color: rgb(36, 188, 80)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252)&#x3B;">. This simplifies to (kg*m)/s.&nbsp&#x3B;</span>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">unit for impulse?</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">(kg*m) / s           <br></span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Impulse is the product of force and time, giving it units of (kg*m*s)/s</span><sup>2</sup><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">. This simplifies to (kg*m)/s. </span></span><br>
"
"<div><div>Which of the following is the best example of intragenerational mobility?</div></div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<div><div><span style="font-weight: 600&#x3B;">A.</span><div>Albert belongs to the working class while his son goes to college and joins the middle class.</div></div><div><div>This is an example of a change in social class from one generation to the next. Thus, this is an example of intergenerational class mobility, not intragenerational mobility.<br></div></div></div><div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B;"></span><span style="font-weight: 600&#x3B;"></span><span style="font-weight: 600&#x3B; color: rgb(255, 47, 146)&#x3B;">B. This is&nbsp&#x3B;</span><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 47, 146)&#x3B;">Jim belongs to the middle class while his sister Jane belongs to the upper class.</span></div></div><div><div><span style="color: rgb(255, 47, 146)&#x3B;">Intragenerational mobility refers to a change in social mobility of an individual throughout the course of his or her life. This example implies that two individuals from the same family attained different social classes over the life course.</span><br></div></div></div><div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="font-weight: 600&#x3B;"></span><span style="font-weight: 600&#x3B;">C.</span><div>Jane belongs to the working class while her cousin Aurora works as a laborer.</div></div><div><br></div></div><div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; color: white&#x3B;"></span><span style="font-weight: 600&#x3B;"></span><span style="font-weight: 600&#x3B;">D.</span><div>Robert belongs to the upper class while his grandson grows up to be working class.</div></div><div>Show Explanation</div></div>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br></div>""<div><div>Which of the following is the best example of intragenerational mobility?</div></div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><div><div><span style=""font-weight: 600;"">A.</span><div>Albert belongs to the working class while his son goes to college and joins the middle class.</div></div><div><div>This is an example of a change in social class from one generation to the next. Thus, this is an example of intergenerational class mobility, not intragenerational mobility.<br></div></div></div><div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""></span><span style=""font-weight: 600;""></span><span style=""font-weight: 600; color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">B. This is </span><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">Jim belongs to the middle class while his sister Jane belongs to the upper class.</span></div></div><div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">Intragenerational mobility refers to a change in social mobility of an individual throughout the course of his or her life. This example implies that two individuals from the same family attained different social classes over the life course.</span><br></div></div></div><div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""font-weight: 600;""></span><span style=""font-weight: 600;"">C.</span><div>Jane belongs to the working class while her cousin Aurora works as a laborer.</div></div><div><br></div></div><div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(47, 47, 47); color: white;""></span><span style=""font-weight: 600;""></span><span style=""font-weight: 600;"">D.</span><div>Robert belongs to the upper class while his grandson grows up to be working class.</div></div><div>Show Explanation</div></div></span><br></div><br>
"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">What component of the cell membrane</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);""> maintains</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> fluidity? </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""it is chlosterol not phosphpo lipid that helps with fluidy but not maintain&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">What component of the cell membrane</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);""> maintains</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> fluidity? </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">it is chlosterol not phosphpo lipid that helps with fluidy but not maintain </span><br>
"
"<div>Mechanical <strong>power</strong> <em>P</em> is<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">the amount of work <em>W</em> done per unit time <em>t</em>:</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""P=W/t"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span><br></div><div><br></div><div>From the work-energy theorem, the change in the <strong>potential energy</strong> (PE) of an object is equal to the amount of work done in the vertical direction.  Gravitational potential energy is due to an object's position relative to Earth's gravitational field, and it is the product of mass <em>m</em>, gravitational acceleration <em>g</em>, and the height <em>h</em>.  Therefore, the <strong>work done</strong> is equal to the change in PE, which depends on the change in height Δ<em>h</em>:</div><div>W=∆PE=mg∆h</div>""<div>Mechanical <strong>power</strong> <em>P</em> is<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">the amount of work <em>W</em> done per unit time <em>t</em>:</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">P=W/t</span><br></div><div><br></div><div>From the work-energy theorem, the change in the <strong>potential energy</strong> (PE) of an object is equal to the amount of work done in the vertical direction.  Gravitational potential energy is due to an object's position relative to Earth's gravitational field, and it is the product of mass <em>m</em>, gravitational acceleration <em>g</em>, and the height <em>h</em>.  Therefore, the <strong>work done</strong> is equal to the change in PE, which depends on the change in height Δ<em>h</em>:</div><div>W=∆PE=mg∆h</div><br>
"
"<div>Mechanical <strong>power</strong> <em>P</em> is<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""the amount of work <em>W</em> done per unit time <em>t</em>:"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">P=W/t</span><br></div><div><br></div><div>From the work-energy theorem, the change in the <strong>potential energy</strong> (PE) of an object is equal to the amount of work done in the vertical direction.  Gravitational potential energy is due to an object's position relative to Earth's gravitational field, and it is the product of mass <em>m</em>, gravitational acceleration <em>g</em>, and the height <em>h</em>.  Therefore, the <strong>work done</strong> is equal to the change in PE, which depends on the change in height Δ<em>h</em>:</div><div>W=∆PE=mg∆h</div>""<div>Mechanical <strong>power</strong> <em>P</em> is<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">the amount of work <em>W</em> done per unit time <em>t</em>:</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">P=W/t</span><br></div><div><br></div><div>From the work-energy theorem, the change in the <strong>potential energy</strong> (PE) of an object is equal to the amount of work done in the vertical direction.  Gravitational potential energy is due to an object's position relative to Earth's gravitational field, and it is the product of mass <em>m</em>, gravitational acceleration <em>g</em>, and the height <em>h</em>.  Therefore, the <strong>work done</strong> is equal to the change in PE, which depends on the change in height Δ<em>h</em>:</div><div>W=∆PE=mg∆h</div><br>
"
"A patient is admitted to the ER. He is responsive to written and spoken commands, seems to comply, and gestures to indicate ideas but is unable to offer verbal replies. He most likely has damage to his<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze="": <span style="color: rgb(115, 250, 121)&#x3B;">I said prefrontal but remebr that Brocas is resposnible for speech making not anything esle</span>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""A patient is admitted to the ER. He is responsive to written and spoken commands, seems to comply, and gestures to indicate ideas but is unable to offer verbal replies. He most likely has damage to his<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">: <span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);"">I said prefrontal but remebr that Brocas is resposnible for speech making not anything esle</span></span><br>
"
"The encoding of short-term memories into long-term memories is most associated with which brain structure?<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Hoppicampous&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The encoding of short-term memories into long-term memories is most associated with which brain structure?<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Hoppicampous </span><br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""consider income and educational attainment. To expand the study to other dimensions of socioeconomic status, these researchers should also include:"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><br>Socioeconomic status hinges on markers of economic well-being such as income and employment, as well as signs of social status such as educational attainment and high-status jobs (e.g. a job as a college professor is high-status although not terribly well-paying).""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">consider income and educational attainment. To expand the study to other dimensions of socioeconomic status, these researchers should also include:</span><br><br>Socioeconomic status hinges on markers of economic well-being such as income and employment, as well as signs of social status such as educational attainment and high-status jobs (e.g. a job as a college professor is high-status although not terribly well-paying).<br>
"
"<div>Which of the following are potential sanctions used to punish informal deviance?</div><div>I. Fines<br>II. Incarceration<br><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);"">III. Social stigmatization<br>IV. Social alienation</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);""><br></span></div><div><div><span style=""font-weight: 600;""><br>B.</span><div>III and IV only<br></div></div><div><div>I<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nformal deviance occurs when an individual breaks one of society’s informal norms, which include habits and expected behaviors. Examples of this form of deviance are cursing, cheating, or even incest (which is also a taboo). Sanctions are mechanisms of social control by which society responds to personal actions in order to increase conformity and decrease deviant activity. Stigmatization and alienation are common responses to such deviant behavior (III, IV)."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></div></div></div>""<div>Which of the following are potential sanctions used to punish informal deviance?</div><div>I. Fines<br>II. Incarceration<br><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);"">III. Social stigmatization<br>IV. Social alienation</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);""><br></span></div><div><div><span style=""font-weight: 600;""><br>B.</span><div>III and IV only<br></div></div><div><div>I<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nformal deviance occurs when an individual breaks one of society’s informal norms, which include habits and expected behaviors. Examples of this form of deviance are cursing, cheating, or even incest (which is also a taboo). Sanctions are mechanisms of social control by which society responds to personal actions in order to increase conformity and decrease deviant activity. Stigmatization and alienation are common responses to such deviant behavior (III, IV).</span></div></div></div><br>
"
"<div>Question 2</div><div><div>According to differential association theory, how is deviance learned?</div></div><div><div><br><div>Through interactions with others</div></div><div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Differential association is when an individual bases their behaviors on association and interaction with others. This is most often studied in the analysis of learned deviance such as learned criminal behavior."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></div></div></div>""<div>Question 2</div><div><div>According to differential association theory, how is deviance learned?</div></div><div><div><br><div>Through interactions with others</div></div><div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Differential association is when an individual bases their behaviors on association and interaction with others. This is most often studied in the analysis of learned deviance such as learned criminal behavior.</span></div></div></div><br>
"
"An experimental protocol that relies entirely on surveys and questionnaires is especially vulnerable to which form of bias?<span style=""font-weight: 600;"">A.</span><div><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Social desirability bias"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Social desirability bias refers to the human tendency to portray oneself as better or more socially acceptable than one really is. This is a major problem with studies that rely on questionnaires, as those surveyed tend to say that they have higher salaries, drink and participate in risky behavior less, and have more friends than they actually do.</span></div>""An experimental protocol that relies entirely on surveys and questionnaires is especially vulnerable to which form of bias?<span style=""font-weight: 600;"">A.</span><div><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Social desirability bias</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">Social desirability bias refers to the human tendency to portray oneself as better or more socially acceptable than one really is. This is a major problem with studies that rely on questionnaires, as those surveyed tend to say that they have higher salaries, drink and participate in risky behavior less, and have more friends than they actually do.</span></div><br>
"
"An experimental protocol that relies entirely on surveys and questionnaires is especially vulnerable to which form of bias?<span style=""font-weight: 600;"">A.</span><div><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Social desirability bias</span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Social desirability bias refers to the human tendency to portray oneself as better or more socially acceptable than one really is. This is a major problem with studies that rely on questionnaires, as those surveyed tend to say that they have higher salaries, drink and participate in risky behavior less, and have more friends than they actually do."" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span></div>""An experimental protocol that relies entirely on surveys and questionnaires is especially vulnerable to which form of bias?<span style=""font-weight: 600;"">A.</span><div><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Social desirability bias</span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">Social desirability bias refers to the human tendency to portray oneself as better or more socially acceptable than one really is. This is a major problem with studies that rely on questionnaires, as those surveyed tend to say that they have higher salaries, drink and participate in risky behavior less, and have more friends than they actually do.</span></div><br>
"
"<div>No cloze 1 found on card.
Please either add a cloze deletion, or use the Empty Cards tool.<br><a href='https://anki.tenderapp.com/kb/problems/no-cloze-found-on-card'>More information</a></div>""<div>No cloze 1 found on card.
Please either add a cloze deletion, or use the Empty Cards tool.<br><a href='https://anki.tenderapp.com/kb/problems/no-cloze-found-on-card'>More information</a></div>"
"<div>According to the bystander theory, which of the following would increase the likelihood of a witness offering aid to someone in need?</div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<div><div>The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation. This is thought to be due to the diffusion of responsibility and social influence.</div></div><div><div><b>So if indivual is alone is more likely to help&nbsp&#x3B;</b></div></div>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br></div>""<div>According to the bystander theory, which of the following would increase the likelihood of a witness offering aid to someone in need?</div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><div><div>The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation. This is thought to be due to the diffusion of responsibility and social influence.</div></div><div><div><b>So if indivual is alone is more likely to help </b></div></div></span><br></div><br>
"
"<div><div><br>Need for consistency<br></div></div><div><div>Cognitive dissonance refers to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""a situation involving&nbsp&#x3B;<em>conflicting attitudes</em>, beliefs or behaviors. This produces a&nbsp&#x3B;<em>feeling of discomfort</em>&nbsp&#x3B;leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or b<span style="color: rgb(115, 250, 121)&#x3B;">ehaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore the balance and consistency of behavior/thoughts.</span>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></div></div>""<div><div><br>Need for consistency<br></div></div><div><div>Cognitive dissonance refers to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">a situation involving <em>conflicting attitudes</em>, beliefs or behaviors. This produces a <em>feeling of discomfort</em> leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or b<span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);"">ehaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore the balance and consistency of behavior/thoughts.</span></span></div></div><br>
"
"<div>No cloze 1 found on card.
Please either add a cloze deletion, or use the Empty Cards tool.<br><a href='https://anki.tenderapp.com/kb/problems/no-cloze-found-on-card'>More information</a></div>""<div>No cloze 1 found on card.
Please either add a cloze deletion, or use the Empty Cards tool.<br><a href='https://anki.tenderapp.com/kb/problems/no-cloze-found-on-card'>More information</a></div>"
"<div><div><div>The committed step of glycolysis is the conversion of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, c"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>atalyzed by phosphofructokinase-1. After this reaction is complete, the cell has committed to sending the substrate all the way through glycolysis, since fructose 1,6-bisphosphate cannot be used in any other pathways.</div></div></div><div><img src=""f4fa1b8e9c0591cb5c13a7ab1a846352.svg""><br></div>""<div><div><div>The committed step of glycolysis is the conversion of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, c</span>atalyzed by phosphofructokinase-1. After this reaction is complete, the cell has committed to sending the substrate all the way through glycolysis, since fructose 1,6-bisphosphate cannot be used in any other pathways.</div></div></div><div><img src=""f4fa1b8e9c0591cb5c13a7ab1a846352.svg""><br></div><br>
"
"what is the meaning of molar concetraion? what unit it needs to be in? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""MOLER IS MOLE PER LITER and it needs to be in GRAMS per Liter&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""what is the meaning of molar concetraion? what unit it needs to be in? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">MOLER IS MOLE PER LITER and it needs to be in GRAMS per Liter </span><br>
"
"A neutrino is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<b>a subatomic particle that is very similar to an electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass, which might even be zero</b>."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""A neutrino is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><b>a subatomic particle that is very similar to an electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass, which might even be zero</b>.</span><br>
"
"what happens in β-minus decay, a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""neutron is converted to a proton as an electron is emitted. Therefore, iodine must be converted to an element with one additional proton, which can only be Xe."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""what happens in β-minus decay, a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">neutron is converted to a proton as an electron is emitted. Therefore, iodine must be converted to an element with one additional proton, which can only be Xe.</span><br>
"
"If all are liquids, one may be able to utilize <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""distillation,"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> which aims to separate liquids by utilizing the difference between <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">their boiling points.</span>""If all are liquids, one may be able to utilize <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">distillation,</span> which aims to separate liquids by utilizing the difference between <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">their boiling points.</span><br>
"
"If all are liquids, one may be able to utilize <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">distillation,</span> which aims to separate liquids by utilizing the difference between <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""their boiling points."" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""If all are liquids, one may be able to utilize <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">distillation,</span> which aims to separate liquids by utilizing the difference between <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">their boiling points.</span><br>
"
" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">he lower-BP liquid,</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">liquid(s) with the higher BP.</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""high,"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span> a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">vacuum</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">owers the boiling points of all substances involved.</span>"" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">he lower-BP liquid,</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">liquid(s) with the higher BP.</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">high,</span> a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">vacuum</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">owers the boiling points of all substances involved.</span><br>
"
" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">he lower-BP liquid,</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""liquid(s) with the higher BP."" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">high,</span> a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">vacuum</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">owers the boiling points of all substances involved.</span>"" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">he lower-BP liquid,</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">liquid(s) with the higher BP.</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">high,</span> a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">vacuum</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">owers the boiling points of all substances involved.</span><br>
"
" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""he lower-BP liquid,"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">liquid(s) with the higher BP.</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">high,</span> a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">vacuum</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">owers the boiling points of all substances involved.</span>"" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">he lower-BP liquid,</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">liquid(s) with the higher BP.</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">high,</span> a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">vacuum</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">owers the boiling points of all substances involved.</span><br>
"
" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">he lower-BP liquid,</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">liquid(s) with the higher BP.</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">high,</span> a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""vacuum"" data-ordinal=""4"">[...]</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">owers the boiling points of all substances involved.</span>"" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">he lower-BP liquid,</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">liquid(s) with the higher BP.</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">high,</span> a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""4"">vacuum</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""5"">owers the boiling points of all substances involved.</span><br>
"
" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">he lower-BP liquid,</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">liquid(s) with the higher BP.</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">high,</span> a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">vacuum</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""owers the boiling points of all substances involved."" data-ordinal=""5"">[...]</span>"" eventual result is a receiving flask that is rich in t<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">he lower-BP liquid,</span> while the distilling flask will still contain the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">liquid(s) with the higher BP.</span> If boiling points are very <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">high,</span> a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">vacuum</span> may also be used to lower atmospheric pressure, which l<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""5"">owers the boiling points of all substances involved.</span><br>
"
"Recrystallization <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""is used to purify a solid product that contains impurities. This process involves the dissolution of the solid in a solvent and subsequent heating. The solid then dissolves and is cooled, causing it to solidify (crystallize) again. As the lattice structures of solids tend to exclude impurities, each subsequent recrystallization results in a progressively purer compound."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Recrystallization <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">is used to purify a solid product that contains impurities. This process involves the dissolution of the solid in a solvent and subsequent heating. The solid then dissolves and is cooled, causing it to solidify (crystallize) again. As the lattice structures of solids tend to exclude impurities, each subsequent recrystallization results in a progressively purer compound.</span><br>
"
"subsequent recrystallization results in a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""progressively purer compound."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""subsequent recrystallization results in a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">progressively purer compound.</span><br>
"
"when do you use recrustalization? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""to purify solid from impurities"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""when do you use recrustalization? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">to purify solid from impurities</span><br>
"
"pressure effect on Boiling point, in which lab techbique this is related? = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lower the pressure, lowers the BP, In vaccume distilation since Vaccume lower the pressure inside teh distilling flas that has the shit with high BP and by lower the P, decrease the BP&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""pressure effect on Boiling point, in which lab techbique this is related? = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lower the pressure, lowers the BP, In vaccume distilation since Vaccume lower the pressure inside teh distilling flas that has the shit with high BP and by lower the P, decrease the BP </span><br>
"
"alkane and alkens has high or low BP and MP? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LOW"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br><div><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<div>Alkanes and alkenes are hydrocarbons&#x3B; alkanes only have single C–C bonds, while alkenes have at least one C=C double bond. They interact with each other through weak London dispersion forces, have low melting and boiling points, and do not engage in meaningful acid-base chemistry.</div><div>&nbsp&#x3B;</div>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br></div>""alkane and alkens has high or low BP and MP? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LOW</span><br><div><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><div>Alkanes and alkenes are hydrocarbons; alkanes only have single C–C bonds, while alkenes have at least one C=C double bond. They interact with each other through weak London dispersion forces, have low melting and boiling points, and do not engage in meaningful acid-base chemistry.</div><div> </div></span><br></div><br>
"
"Order of BP/MP of o containg compunds: C<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""arboxy acis&gt&#x3B;Alcohol&gt&#x3B;ketone&gt&#x3B;Aldedhyde&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Order of BP/MP of o containg compunds: C<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">arboxy acis>Alcohol>ketone>Aldedhyde </span><br>
"
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-02-20 at 3.29.37 PM.png""><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze="""" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-02-20 at 3.29.37 PM.png""><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""></span><br>
"
"O vs S MP/BP? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sukfure is higher&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""O vs S MP/BP? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sukfure is higher </span><br>
"
"For a carbon to be a stereocenter, it must be<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&nbsp&#x3B;<em>sp</em><sup>3</sup>&nbsp&#x3B;hybridized and bonded to four different substituents."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> so its geomtry is alwayss b terehahedra. ""For a carbon to be a stereocenter, it must be<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""> <em>sp</em><sup>3</sup> hybridized and bonded to four different substituents.</span> so its geomtry is alwayss b terehahedra. <br>
"
"If you had a question aksing how many sterepcenters are planar, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thsi is 0, stereocenetr must be tetrahedral and sp3"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""If you had a question aksing how many sterepcenters are planar, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thsi is 0, stereocenetr must be tetrahedral and sp3</span><br>
"
"If a 90-kg man undergoes a turning acceleration of 5 m/s<sup>2</sup> during a running turn, what is the magnitude of force experienced by the foot due to the ground?<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""To turn while running, the foot must push off the ground, which applies a shearing force while simultaneously supporting the weight of the body. We must account for the normal force exerted by the ground on the foot. This is a vertical force which occurs as a result of the runner's weight. We also must consider the acceleration force since the direction is changing. This force is horizontal. These two force vectors are perpendicular and will form a right triangle.<div>&nbsp&#x3B;</div><div><img src="Rncspa9PAOl3suP2Lh7usBGxF-90rc4OTBoZh0nB6q_88Odh36l_sGq7AEdw_FTpLdYlmAiAbHAW5Mz0G40GN1Nl99SZuDHoIisDpIN99kVprU71Mi7.png"></div>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><div>We are looking for the overall force experienced, so we must find the vector sum, or the hypotenuse. Specifically, we need to find the hypotenuse of a triangle with legs of<em> F</em><sub>normal</sub> = mg = (90 kg)(10 m/s<sup>2</sup>) = 900 N, and<em> F</em><sub>turning</sub> = (90 kg)(5 m/s<sup>2</sup>) = 450 N. The combined vector will be larger in magnitude than either component alone, so eliminate choices A and B. To solve, calculate as follows:</div><div> </div><div><em>F</em><sub>combined</sub> = [(<em>F</em><sub>normal</sub>)<sup>2</sup> + (<em>F</em><sub>turning</sub>)<sup>2</sup>]½</div>""If a 90-kg man undergoes a turning acceleration of 5 m/s<sup>2</sup> during a running turn, what is the magnitude of force experienced by the foot due to the ground?<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">To turn while running, the foot must push off the ground, which applies a shearing force while simultaneously supporting the weight of the body. We must account for the normal force exerted by the ground on the foot. This is a vertical force which occurs as a result of the runner's weight. We also must consider the acceleration force since the direction is changing. This force is horizontal. These two force vectors are perpendicular and will form a right triangle.<div> </div><div><img src=""Rncspa9PAOl3suP2Lh7usBGxF-90rc4OTBoZh0nB6q_88Odh36l_sGq7AEdw_FTpLdYlmAiAbHAW5Mz0G40GN1Nl99SZuDHoIisDpIN99kVprU71Mi7.png""></div></span><div>We are looking for the overall force experienced, so we must find the vector sum, or the hypotenuse. Specifically, we need to find the hypotenuse of a triangle with legs of<em> F</em><sub>normal</sub> = mg = (90 kg)(10 m/s<sup>2</sup>) = 900 N, and<em> F</em><sub>turning</sub> = (90 kg)(5 m/s<sup>2</sup>) = 450 N. The combined vector will be larger in magnitude than either component alone, so eliminate choices A and B. To solve, calculate as follows:</div><div> </div><div><em>F</em><sub>combined</sub> = [(<em>F</em><sub>normal</sub>)<sup>2</sup> + (<em>F</em><sub>turning</sub>)<sup>2</sup>]½</div><br>
"
"force during teh turn is : <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<em>F</em><sub>combined</sub>&nbsp&#x3B;= [(<em>F</em><sub>normal</sub>)<sup>2</sup>&nbsp&#x3B;+ (<em>F</em><sub>turning</sub>)<sup>2</sup>]½"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""force during teh turn is : <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><em>F</em><sub>combined</sub> = [(<em>F</em><sub>normal</sub>)<sup>2</sup> + (<em>F</em><sub>turning</sub>)<sup>2</sup>]½</span><br>
"
"<div>The MCAT will expect you to know that N<sub>2</sub> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""is an inert gas."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""></div><div>As such, it serves as a good atmosphere when working with reagents that might react with oxygen or other gasses.</div><div> </div></span><div>The Lewis structure of N<sub>2</sub> is shown below.</div><div><img src=""T1IbwAPKE5oXEaDoIGthZ7glSSXXyhPLYzLt2zD7VNRJpimnPIQF2V2Jd0eTGT-c8ogfLxgT44XysrhFHIBEGYyXw9oSSosSoFi2dFB3leW6l3gbSnE.png""></div>""<div>The MCAT will expect you to know that N<sub>2</sub> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">is an inert gas.</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""></div><div>As such, it serves as a good atmosphere when working with reagents that might react with oxygen or other gasses.</div><div> </div></span><div>The Lewis structure of N<sub>2</sub> is shown below.</div><div><img src=""T1IbwAPKE5oXEaDoIGthZ7glSSXXyhPLYzLt2zD7VNRJpimnPIQF2V2Jd0eTGT-c8ogfLxgT44XysrhFHIBEGYyXw9oSSosSoFi2dFB3leW6l3gbSnE.png""></div><br>
"
"<div>The MCAT will expect you to know that N<sub>2</sub> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">is an inert gas.</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""</div><div>As such, it serves as a good atmosphere when working with reagents that might react with oxygen or other gasses.</div><div>&nbsp&#x3B;</div>"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span><div>The Lewis structure of N<sub>2</sub> is shown below.</div><div><img src=""T1IbwAPKE5oXEaDoIGthZ7glSSXXyhPLYzLt2zD7VNRJpimnPIQF2V2Jd0eTGT-c8ogfLxgT44XysrhFHIBEGYyXw9oSSosSoFi2dFB3leW6l3gbSnE.png""></div>""<div>The MCAT will expect you to know that N<sub>2</sub> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">is an inert gas.</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2""></div><div>As such, it serves as a good atmosphere when working with reagents that might react with oxygen or other gasses.</div><div> </div></span><div>The Lewis structure of N<sub>2</sub> is shown below.</div><div><img src=""T1IbwAPKE5oXEaDoIGthZ7glSSXXyhPLYzLt2zD7VNRJpimnPIQF2V2Jd0eTGT-c8ogfLxgT44XysrhFHIBEGYyXw9oSSosSoFi2dFB3leW6l3gbSnE.png""></div><br>
"
"Acetone fromula<div> </div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<img src="x4HBXIHmGkwP_dAWtPpSQcn7fbOxbQ_JobLd1aZwdMbqN9cxT9IugXUOndx6bDVB1D7ICEJmdUVZUkpq1gLGeicnIXb0lBzkBVrZkst6VzGtrgbl2DJ.png">"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br></div>""Acetone fromula<div> </div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><img src=""x4HBXIHmGkwP_dAWtPpSQcn7fbOxbQ_JobLd1aZwdMbqN9cxT9IugXUOndx6bDVB1D7ICEJmdUVZUkpq1gLGeicnIXb0lBzkBVrZkst6VzGtrgbl2DJ.png""></span><br></div><br>
"
"Bond angle determiantion:  The number of regions of electron density is determined by the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""number of bonds and lone pairs around the central atom."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Bond angle determiantion:  The number of regions of electron density is determined by the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">number of bonds and lone pairs around the central atom.</span><br>
"
"<div><br>If you have a double bond and wanna knwo the elctro domain to claculte teh shape, doubel bond and triple count as how many? </div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze="". Count the total number of regions of high electron density (bonding and unshared electron pairs) around the central atom.<b>Double and triple bonds count as ONE REGION OF HIGH ELECTRON DENSITY</b>."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br></div>""<div><br>If you have a double bond and wanna knwo the elctro domain to claculte teh shape, doubel bond and triple count as how many? </div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">. Count the total number of regions of high electron density (bonding and unshared electron pairs) around the central atom.<b>Double and triple bonds count as ONE REGION OF HIGH ELECTRON DENSITY</b>.</span><br></div><br>
"
"hwo to claculte po<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"">w</span>er in circuits and UNITS?<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze="":<em>P</em>&nbsp&#x3B;=&nbsp&#x3B;<em>IV</em>,&nbsp&#x3B;<em>P</em>&nbsp&#x3B;=<em>&nbsp&#x3B;I</em><sup>2</sup><em>R</em>, or<em>&nbsp&#x3B;P</em>&nbsp&#x3B;=&nbsp&#x3B;<em>V</em><sup>2</sup>/<em>R unit si <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0)&#x3B;">W</span>ATSS</em>&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""hwo to claculte po<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"">w</span>er in circuits and UNITS?<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">:<em>P</em> = <em>IV</em>, <em>P</em> =<em> I</em><sup>2</sup><em>R</em>, or<em> P</em> = <em>V</em><sup>2</sup>/<em>R unit si <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"">W</span>ATSS</em> </span><br>
"
"ldehyde to Alcohol reagents and is it oc or red : <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""LIALH4 the reduction of an aldehyde (retinal) to"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> a""ldehyde to Alcohol reagents and is it oc or red : <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">LIALH4 the reduction of an aldehyde (retinal) to</span> a<br>
"
"<div>ical substances are likely derived from terpenes? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""I and IV"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></div><div> </div><div>  I. Aldosterone</div><div> II. Glucose</div><div>III. Insulin</div><div>IV. Estrogen</div>""<div>ical substances are likely derived from terpenes? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">I and IV</span></div><div> </div><div>  I. Aldosterone</div><div> II. Glucose</div><div>III. Insulin</div><div>IV. Estrogen</div><br>
"
"Enzyme classific: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""{{c1:<span style="color: rgb(115, 250, 121)&#x3B;">:Oxidoreductases </span>catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions where electrons are transferred. In metabolism, these electrons are usually in the form of hydride ions or hydrogen atoms. When a substrate is being oxidized, it is the hydrogen donor. Examples include reductases, oxidases, and dehydrogenases.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0)&#x3B;">Oxidoreductases </span>catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions where electrons are transferred. In metabolism, these electrons are usually in the form of hydride ions or hydrogen atoms. When a substrate is being oxidized, it is the hydrogen donor. Examples include reductases, oxidases, and dehydrogenases.<div><br></div><div><span style="color: rgb(115, 250, 121)&#x3B;">Transferases </span>catalyze transfer of a chemical group from one molecule (donor) to another (acceptor). Most of the time, the donor is a cofactor that is charged with the group about to be transferred. Examples include kinases and phosphorylases.</div><div><br></div><div><span style="color: rgb(115, 250, 121)&#x3B;">Lyases </span>catalyze reactions where functional groups are added to break bonds in molecules or they can be used to form new double bonds or rings by the removal of functional group(s). Decarboxylases are examples of lyases. Isomerases catalyze reactions that transfer functional groups within a molecule so that a new isomer is formed to allow for structural or geometric changes within a molecule.</div><div><br></div><div><span style="color: rgb(115, 250, 121)&#x3B;">Hydrolases</span> catalyze reactions that involve cleavage of a molecule using water (hydrolysis). This cases usually involves the transfer of functional groups to water. Hydrolases include amylases, proteases/peptidases, lipases, and phosphatases.</div><div><br></div><div><span style="color: rgb(115, 250, 121)&#x3B;">Ligases</span> are used in catalysis where two substrates are stitched together (i.e., ligated) via the formation of C-C, C-S, C-N or C-O bonds while giving off a water (condensation) molecule.</div><div><br></div><div>Every enzyme you will ever see on the MCAT will fit under one of these labels. The test makers will not expect you to learn a bunch of random enzymes, but they will expect you to match an enzyme’s name to the clues given about its function, or vice versa. Luckily, most enzymes are named for exactly what they do (e.g., pyruvate decarboxylase) and for the substrate they act upon (e.g., DNA ligase).</div>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>}}<br>""Enzyme classific: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">{{c1:<span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);"">:Oxidoreductases </span>catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions where electrons are transferred. In metabolism, these electrons are usually in the form of hydride ions or hydrogen atoms. When a substrate is being oxidized, it is the hydrogen donor. Examples include reductases, oxidases, and dehydrogenases.<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);"">Oxidoreductases </span>catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions where electrons are transferred. In metabolism, these electrons are usually in the form of hydride ions or hydrogen atoms. When a substrate is being oxidized, it is the hydrogen donor. Examples include reductases, oxidases, and dehydrogenases.<div><br></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);"">Transferases </span>catalyze transfer of a chemical group from one molecule (donor) to another (acceptor). Most of the time, the donor is a cofactor that is charged with the group about to be transferred. Examples include kinases and phosphorylases.</div><div><br></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);"">Lyases </span>catalyze reactions where functional groups are added to break bonds in molecules or they can be used to form new double bonds or rings by the removal of functional group(s). Decarboxylases are examples of lyases. Isomerases catalyze reactions that transfer functional groups within a molecule so that a new isomer is formed to allow for structural or geometric changes within a molecule.</div><div><br></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);"">Hydrolases</span> catalyze reactions that involve cleavage of a molecule using water (hydrolysis). This cases usually involves the transfer of functional groups to water. Hydrolases include amylases, proteases/peptidases, lipases, and phosphatases.</div><div><br></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(115, 250, 121);"">Ligases</span> are used in catalysis where two substrates are stitched together (i.e., ligated) via the formation of C-C, C-S, C-N or C-O bonds while giving off a water (condensation) molecule.</div><div><br></div><div>Every enzyme you will ever see on the MCAT will fit under one of these labels. The test makers will not expect you to learn a bunch of random enzymes, but they will expect you to match an enzyme’s name to the clues given about its function, or vice versa. Luckily, most enzymes are named for exactly what they do (e.g., pyruvate decarboxylase) and for the substrate they act upon (e.g., DNA ligase).</div></span>}}<br><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);""><sub>most reduced/least oxidized</sub></span> of O compunds: </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""alcohol&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);""><sub>most reduced/least oxidized</sub></span> of O compunds: </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">alcohol </span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">carboxylic acids is </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">least</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">reduced</span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""/most"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> oxidized</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">carboxylic acids is </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">least</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">reduced</span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">/most</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> oxidized</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">carboxylic acids is </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""least"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">reduced</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">/most</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> oxidized</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">carboxylic acids is </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">least</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">reduced</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">/most</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> oxidized</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">aldehydes/ketones </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">i</span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ntermediate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">reduction/oxidation</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">aldehydes/ketones </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">i</span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ntermediate</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">reduction/oxidation</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> A primary alcohol can be oxidized to a</span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""n aldehyde"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">by a mild oxidizing agent (such </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">as PCC)</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> or to a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">carboxylic acid</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> by a strong oxidizing agent like </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NaCr</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">O</span><sub>7</sub></span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> A primary alcohol can be oxidized to a</span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">n aldehyde</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">by a mild oxidizing agent (such </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">as PCC)</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> or to a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">carboxylic acid</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> by a strong oxidizing agent like </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NaCr</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">O</span><sub>7</sub></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> A primary alcohol can be oxidized to a</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">n aldehyde</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">by a mild oxidizing agent (such </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">as PCC)</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> or to a </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""carboxylic acid"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> by a strong oxidizing agent like </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NaCr</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">O</span><sub>7</sub></span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> A primary alcohol can be oxidized to a</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">n aldehyde</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">by a mild oxidizing agent (such </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">as PCC)</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> or to a </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">carboxylic acid</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> by a strong oxidizing agent like </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NaCr</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">O</span><sub>7</sub></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> A primary alcohol can be oxidized to a</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">n aldehyde</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">by a mild oxidizing agent (such </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""as PCC)"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> or to a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">carboxylic acid</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> by a strong oxidizing agent like </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NaCr</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">O</span><sub>7</sub></span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> A primary alcohol can be oxidized to a</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">n aldehyde</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">by a mild oxidizing agent (such </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">as PCC)</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> or to a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">carboxylic acid</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> by a strong oxidizing agent like </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NaCr</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">O</span><sub>7</sub></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> A primary alcohol can be oxidized to a</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">n aldehyde</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">by a mild oxidizing agent (such </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">as PCC)</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> or to a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">carboxylic acid</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> by a strong oxidizing agent like </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">NaCr</span><sub>2</sub><span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">O</span><sub>7</sub>"" data-ordinal=""4"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> A primary alcohol can be oxidized to a</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">n aldehyde</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">by a mild oxidizing agent (such </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">as PCC)</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> or to a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">carboxylic acid</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> by a strong oxidizing agent like </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""4""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NaCr</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">O</span><sub>7</sub></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">A secondary alcohol +</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> mild oxidizng agent: </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Ketone&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is it ox or reduc? <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">ox</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">A secondary alcohol +</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> mild oxidizng agent: </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ketone </span> is it ox or reduc? <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">ox</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">A secondary alcohol +</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> mild oxidizng agent: </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ketone </span> is it ox or reduc? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ox"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">A secondary alcohol +</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> mild oxidizng agent: </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">Ketone </span> is it ox or reduc? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">ox</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">strong oxidizing agent+</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> secondary alcohol= </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ketone"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">strong oxidizing agent+</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> secondary alcohol= </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ketone</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">carboxylic acid +</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> LiAlH</span><sub>4= </sub><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""alcohol&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">carboxylic acid +</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> LiAlH</span><sub>4= </sub><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">alcohol </span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> LiAlH</span><sub>4: </sub><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""A strong reducing agent"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> LiAlH</span><sub>4: </sub><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">A strong reducing agent</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NaBH</span><sub>4<font color=""#2f2f2f""><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">+ carboxylic acid=</span></font></sub> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""nothing&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NaBH</span><sub>4<font color=""#2f2f2f""><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">+ carboxylic acid=</span></font></sub> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">nothing </span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">DIBAL+carboxyl acid= </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""aldehyde in 1:1 ratio"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">DIBAL+carboxyl acid= </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">aldehyde in 1:1 ratio</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> aldehydes and ketones+ mil/strong recuing agent = </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""prim/secodmary alcohol&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> aldehydes and ketones+ mil/strong recuing agent = </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">prim/secodmary alcohol </span><br>
"
"<br><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">KMnO</span><sub>4 is ... agent</sub><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze="": oxidizing"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<br><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">KMnO</span><sub>4 is ... agent</sub><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">: oxidizing</span><br>
"
"<div>Which of the following biological substances are likely derived from terpenes?</div><div> </div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">  I. Aldosterone</span></div><div> II. Glucose</div><div>III. Insulin</div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">IV. Estrogen</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""><br></span></div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""I and IV"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br></div><div><br></div>""<div>Which of the following biological substances are likely derived from terpenes?</div><div> </div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">  I. Aldosterone</span></div><div> II. Glucose</div><div>III. Insulin</div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">IV. Estrogen</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""><br></span></div><div><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">I and IV</span><br></div><div><br></div><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">unknown hormone on Test Day: look at the suffix, </span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""the suffix of the name provides some clues. Generally, <span style="color: rgb(255, 47, 146)&#x3B;">steroid hormones</span> and in <span style="color: rgb(255, 47, 146)&#x3B;">–ol, –one, or –en</span> (e.g., testosterone, cortisol, and estradiol).&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">unknown hormone on Test Day: look at the suffix, </span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">the suffix of the name provides some clues. Generally, <span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">steroid hormones</span> and in <span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">–ol, –one, or –en</span> (e.g., testosterone, cortisol, and estradiol). </span><br>
"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">. These</span></span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""three f"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">unctions of steroid hormones are sometimes known as the three “S’s”: </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">sex, salt, and sugar.</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">. These</span></span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">three f</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">unctions of steroid hormones are sometimes known as the three “S’s”: </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">sex, salt, and sugar.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">. These</span></span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">three f</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">unctions of steroid hormones are sometimes known as the three “S’s”: </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sex, salt, and sugar."" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">. These</span></span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">three f</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">unctions of steroid hormones are sometimes known as the three “S’s”: </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">sex, salt, and sugar.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">aldosterone, </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""steroid hormone,"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> regulates</span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">fluid </span></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">and </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">salt</span> <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">levels,</span></span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">aldosterone, </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">steroid hormone,</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> regulates</span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">fluid </span></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">and </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">salt</span> <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">levels,</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">aldosterone, </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">steroid hormone,</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> regulates</span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(255, 47, 146)&#x3B;">fluid </span>"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">and </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">salt</span> <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">levels,</span></span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">aldosterone, </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">steroid hormone,</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> regulates</span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">fluid </span></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">and </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">salt</span> <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">levels,</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">aldosterone, </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">steroid hormone,</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> regulates</span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">fluid </span></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">and </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""salt"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">levels,</span></span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">aldosterone, </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">steroid hormone,</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> regulates</span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">fluid </span></span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">and </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">salt</span> <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">levels,</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">cortisol affects b</span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lood glucose levels"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> as part of the </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">long-term stress response. </span></span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">cortisol affects b</span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lood glucose levels</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);""> as part of the </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 47, 146);"">long-term stress response. </span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">less positive</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">reduction potential to those with</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""a more positive"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">reduction potential.</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">less positive</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">reduction potential to those with</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">a more positive</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">reduction potential.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with a </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""less positive"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">reduction potential to those with</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">a more positive</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">reduction potential.</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with a </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">less positive</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">reduction potential to those with</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">a more positive</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">reduction potential.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">O</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> serves as the final electron</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""acceptor"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">of the electron transport chain </span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">O</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> serves as the final electron</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">acceptor</span> <span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">of the electron transport chain </span><br>
"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">O must have a standard reduction potential that is </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""more positive"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);""> than any other acceptor in the chain</span></span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">O must have a standard reduction potential that is </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">more positive</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);""> than any other acceptor in the chain</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">On Test Day, it is important to automatically recognize that spontaneity is equivalent to ∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">< 0, </span><em>K</em><sub>eq</sub><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""> > 1,</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> and </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<em>E</em><span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">° &gt&#x3B; 0.</span>"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">On Test Day, it is important to automatically recognize that spontaneity is equivalent to ∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">< 0, </span><em>K</em><sub>eq</sub><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""> > 1,</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> and </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3""><em>E</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">° > 0.</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">On Test Day, it is important to automatically recognize that spontaneity is equivalent to ∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&lt&#x3B; 0,&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><em>K</em><sub>eq</sub><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""> > 1,</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> and </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3""><em>E</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">° > 0.</span></span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">On Test Day, it is important to automatically recognize that spontaneity is equivalent to ∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">< 0, </span><em>K</em><sub>eq</sub><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""> > 1,</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> and </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3""><em>E</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">° > 0.</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">On Test Day, it is important to automatically recognize that spontaneity is equivalent to ∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">< 0, </span><em>K</em><sub>eq</sub><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&nbsp&#x3B;&gt&#x3B; 1,"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> and </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3""><em>E</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">° > 0.</span></span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">On Test Day, it is important to automatically recognize that spontaneity is equivalent to ∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">< 0, </span><em>K</em><sub>eq</sub><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2""> > 1,</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> and </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3""><em>E</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">° > 0.</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">spontaneity is a t</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">hermodynamic</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">parameter and relates to </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">, or the change in Gibbs free energy.</span></span> but <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Rate is a</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">kinetic</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> parameter that is determined largely by the </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""activation energy"" data-ordinal=""4"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">spontaneity is a t</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">hermodynamic</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">parameter and relates to </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">, or the change in Gibbs free energy.</span></span> but <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Rate is a</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">kinetic</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> parameter that is determined largely by the </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""4"">activation energy</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">spontaneity is a t</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">hermodynamic</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">parameter and relates to </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">, or the change in Gibbs free energy.</span></span> but <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Rate is a</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""kinetic"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> parameter that is determined largely by the </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">activation energy</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">spontaneity is a t</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">hermodynamic</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">parameter and relates to </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">, or the change in Gibbs free energy.</span></span> but <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Rate is a</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">kinetic</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> parameter that is determined largely by the </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">activation energy</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">spontaneity is a t</span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hermodynamic"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">parameter and relates to </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">, or the change in Gibbs free energy.</span></span> but <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Rate is a</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">kinetic</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> parameter that is determined largely by the </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">activation energy</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">spontaneity is a t</span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hermodynamic</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">parameter and relates to </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">, or the change in Gibbs free energy.</span></span> but <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Rate is a</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">kinetic</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> parameter that is determined largely by the </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">activation energy</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">spontaneity is a t</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">hermodynamic</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">parameter and relates to </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">∆</span><em>G</em><span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">, or the change in Gibbs free energy.</span>"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> but <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Rate is a</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">kinetic</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> parameter that is determined largely by the </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">activation energy</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">spontaneity is a t</span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">hermodynamic</span> <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">parameter and relates to </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">∆</span><em>G</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">, or the change in Gibbs free energy.</span></span> but <span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Rate is a</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">kinetic</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> parameter that is determined largely by the </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""4"">activation energy</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">The angle of incidence always equals</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""the angle of reflection"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> </span>""<span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">The angle of incidence always equals</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">the angle of reflection</span><span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> </span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Total internal reflection can only result when a ray of light</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">begins in a higher-index</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> material and reaches a boundary </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""with a lower-index one."" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Total internal reflection can only result when a ray of light</span> <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">begins in a higher-index</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> material and reaches a boundary </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">with a lower-index one.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Total internal reflection can only result when a ray of light</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""begins in a higher-index"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> material and reaches a boundary </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">with a lower-index one.</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Total internal reflection can only result when a ray of light</span> <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">begins in a higher-index</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> material and reaches a boundary </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">with a lower-index one.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">orbital hybridization of XeF</span><sub>4</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> :</span><em><br></em><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<em>sp</em><sup>3</sup><em>d2</em>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">orbital hybridization of XeF</span><sub>4</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> :</span><em><br></em><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><em>sp</em><sup>3</sup><em>d2</em></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">orbital hybridization of </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NH</span><sub>3</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">,</span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<em>sp</em><sup>3</sup>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">orbital hybridization of </span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NH</span><sub>3</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">,</span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><em>sp</em><sup>3</sup></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">relatively high entropy, which is energetically </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""favorable."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">relatively high entropy, which is energetically </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">favorable.</span><br>
"
"K association is equal to <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Keq"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""K association is equal to <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Keq</span><br>
"
"K dissociation is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1/Kassociation or 1/Keq"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""K dissociation is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1/Kassociation or 1/Keq</span><br>
"
"If you have a dossciation reaction, Kd is <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">1/Ka</span> and Keq<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""=1/Ka&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""If you have a dossciation reaction, Kd is <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">1/Ka</span> and Keq<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">=1/Ka </span><br>
"
"If you have a dossciation reaction, Kd is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1/Ka"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> and Keq<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">=1/Ka </span>""If you have a dossciation reaction, Kd is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1/Ka</span> and Keq<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">=1/Ka </span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> five </span><em>para</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> substituents on the carbocation intermediate, if arranged from most stabilizing to least stabilizing?</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">NO</span><sub>2</sub><span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">&nbsp&#x3B;&gt&#x3B; OCH</span><sub>3</sub><span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">&nbsp&#x3B;&gt&#x3B; CH</span><sub>3</sub><span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">&nbsp&#x3B;&gt&#x3B; H &gt&#x3B; F</span>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> five </span><em>para</em><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> substituents on the carbocation intermediate, if arranged from most stabilizing to least stabilizing?</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">NO</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> > OCH</span><sub>3</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> > CH</span><sub>3</sub><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> > H > F</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""font-weight: 600; color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><br>A.</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><div>The fluorine group will be <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""destabilizing"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> because it is highly electronegative.</div></span>""<span style=""font-weight: 600; color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><br>A.</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><div>The fluorine group will be <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">destabilizing</span> because it is highly electronegative.</div></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">. In a dry climate, the low humidity allows water to evaporate more readily, increasing the effects of evaporative cooling. so in dry heat, </span><br><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">increased</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> evaporation from the skin helping to keep the </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""body cool."" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">. In a dry climate, the low humidity allows water to evaporate more readily, increasing the effects of evaporative cooling. so in dry heat, </span><br><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">increased</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> evaporation from the skin helping to keep the </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">body cool.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">. In a dry climate, the low humidity allows water to evaporate more readily, increasing the effects of evaporative cooling. so in dry heat, </span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increased"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> evaporation from the skin helping to keep the </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">body cool.</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">. In a dry climate, the low humidity allows water to evaporate more readily, increasing the effects of evaporative cooling. so in dry heat, </span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">increased</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> evaporation from the skin helping to keep the </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">body cool.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">eptide bonds found in the backbone of proteins are especially stable because they:</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""exhibit resonance stabilization around the carbonyl carbons."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">eptide bonds found in the backbone of proteins are especially stable because they:</span><br><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">exhibit resonance stabilization around the carbonyl carbons.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">Ocean water contains very high levels of </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">sodium and chloride ions</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">. that are </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""mono<span style="color: rgb(36, 188, 80)&#x3B;">/divalent</span>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>mono ""<span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">Ocean water contains very high levels of </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">sodium and chloride ions</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">. that are </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">mono<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">/divalent</span></span>mono <br>
"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">Ocean water contains very high levels of </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""sodium and chloride ions"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">. that are </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">mono<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">/divalent</span></span>mono ""<span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">Ocean water contains very high levels of </span></span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">sodium and chloride ions</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">. that are </span></span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">mono<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80);"">/divalent</span></span>mono <br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">ndividuals traveling at sea for long periods are advised not to drink ocean water because:</span><br><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">the water has a very high solute concentration relative to the body’s cells</span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<span style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255)&#x3B;">.</span><span style="color: rgb(36, 188, 80)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252)&#x3B;">Ocean water contains very high levels of sodium and chloride ions. This creates an osmotic gradient that pulls water out of the body’s cells, leading to dehydration. A schematic of a cell in such a hypertonic (solute-rich) environment is shown below.</span>"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">ndividuals traveling at sea for long periods are advised not to drink ocean water because:</span><br><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">the water has a very high solute concentration relative to the body’s cells</span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">.</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Ocean water contains very high levels of sodium and chloride ions. This creates an osmotic gradient that pulls water out of the body’s cells, leading to dehydration. A schematic of a cell in such a hypertonic (solute-rich) environment is shown below.</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">why eukaryotic mRNA is monocistronic (one gene per transcript)?</span><span style=""font-weight: 600; color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><br>D.</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><div>I<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""n eukaryotes, each gene has its own transcription initiation site."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></div></span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">why eukaryotic mRNA is monocistronic (one gene per transcript)?</span><span style=""font-weight: 600; color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><br>D.</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><div>I<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">n eukaryotes, each gene has its own transcription initiation site.</span></div></span><br>
"
"<div>In miRNA-directed gene silencing, a small RNA binds to another mRNA molecule and suppresses its expression. Which of the following terms describes the process through which this binding occurs? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hybridization"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></div><div> </div>""<div>In miRNA-directed gene silencing, a small RNA binds to another mRNA molecule and suppresses its expression. Which of the following terms describes the process through which this binding occurs? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hybridization</span></div><div> </div><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Polymerization is </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""the process by which nucleotides are strung together to form a single-stranded RNA strand, not the joining of two complementary strands."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Polymerization is </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">the process by which nucleotides are strung together to form a single-stranded RNA strand, not the joining of two complementary strands.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Elongation is roughly synonymous to </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">polymerization</span> <span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">– </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""the adding of subunits to make a longer strand of a macromolecule."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Elongation is roughly synonymous to </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">polymerization</span> <span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">– </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">the adding of subunits to make a longer strand of a macromolecule.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Elongation is roughly synonymous to </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""polymerization"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> <span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">– </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">the adding of subunits to make a longer strand of a macromolecule.</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Elongation is roughly synonymous to </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">polymerization</span> <span style=""color: rgb(236, 103, 103); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">– </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">the adding of subunits to make a longer strand of a macromolecule.</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Unlike almost all cells in the human body, erythrocytes (red blood cells) </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">do not</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> contain </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DNA"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> or a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">membrane-bound nucleus</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Unlike almost all cells in the human body, erythrocytes (red blood cells) </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">do not</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> contain </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">DNA</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> or a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">membrane-bound nucleus</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Unlike almost all cells in the human body, erythrocytes (red blood cells) </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""do not"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> contain </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">DNA</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> or a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">membrane-bound nucleus</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Unlike almost all cells in the human body, erythrocytes (red blood cells) </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">do not</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> contain </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">DNA</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> or a </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">membrane-bound nucleus</span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Unlike almost all cells in the human body, erythrocytes (red blood cells) </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">do not</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> contain </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">DNA</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> or a </span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""membrane-bound nucleus"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Unlike almost all cells in the human body, erythrocytes (red blood cells) </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">do not</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> contain </span><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">DNA</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);""> or a </span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">membrane-bound nucleus</span><br>
"
"contraversery <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""disagreement"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""contraversery <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">disagreement</span><br>
"
"difference between former and latter, <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""look at the letters they start with:&nbsp&#x3B;former refers to the first item in the list, latter to the last item"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""difference between former and latter, <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">look at the letters they start with: former refers to the first item in the list, latter to the last item</span><br>
"
"conventional <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""what is generally believed&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""conventional <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">what is generally believed </span><br>
"
"alike= <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""similar&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""alike= <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">similar </span><br>
"
"somthing that is at the begging of the passage <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""cant"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> be elobration senstnece ""somthing that is at the begging of the passage <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">cant</span> be elobration senstnece <br>
"
"inclined to: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""prone to ...."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""inclined to: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">prone to ....</span><br>
"
"Iwhat does it mean when draw an analogy between two things?  <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<b>you are showing that they are similar in some way</b>."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Iwhat does it mean when draw an analogy between two things?  <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""><b>you are showing that they are similar in some way</b>.</span><br>
"
"contempletion: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""thoughtfully looking at something,&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""contempletion: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">thoughtfully looking at something, </span><br>
"
"refute: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""diisapprove, refuse&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""refute: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">diisapprove, refuse </span><br>
"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Hence: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""as a consequence&nbsp&#x3B;&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Hence: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">as a consequence  </span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div><br>
"
"assimilate: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""integrate somthing to something&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""assimilate: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">integrate somthing to something </span><br>
"
"author implied something : <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""meaning it is&nbsp&#x3B;<em>implied</em>&nbsp&#x3B;but not clearly stated."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""author implied something : <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">meaning it is <em>implied</em> but not clearly stated.</span><br>
"
"egocentrisem: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""seeing one self at the center of everyhing&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""egocentrisem: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">seeing one self at the center of everyhing </span><br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Tyrosine&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>is the precursor to <i>catecholamines</i>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Tyrosine </span>is the precursor to <i>catecholamines</i><br>
"
"<div><div><div><div><div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div>otnesible: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""apparent, what they pretend but not neceersily true&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></div>""<div><div><div><div><div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div>otnesible: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">apparent, what they pretend but not neceersily true </span></div><br>
"
"<b> ganglion </b><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""refers to a collection of nerve cells outside of the CNS"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <b>whereas a n</b><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><b>erve is the axon of a neuron</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">.</span></span>""<b> ganglion </b><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">refers to a collection of nerve cells outside of the CNS</span> <b>whereas a n</b><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2""><b>erve is the axon of a neuron</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">.</span></span><br>
"
"<b> ganglion </b><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">refers to a collection of nerve cells outside of the CNS</span> <b>whereas a n</b><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""<b>erve is the axon of a neuron</b><span style="color: rgb(232, 234, 237)&#x3B; background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36)&#x3B;">.</span>"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""<b> ganglion </b><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">refers to a collection of nerve cells outside of the CNS</span> <b>whereas a n</b><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2""><b>erve is the axon of a neuron</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">.</span></span><br>
"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">A piano tuner listens to a tuning machine that emits sounds of slowly increasing frequencies. He first notices that the frequency is rising when it moves from 25 to 27 Hz. If, much later, the machine begins to emit sounds with decreasing frequencies beginning at 200 Hz, when will the tuner first notice that the frequency has dropped?</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">184 Hz,</span><span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">eber’s Law states that the just-noticeable difference between an original stimulus and an altered one displays a constant ratio regardless of original frequency or intensity. If the tuner notices a change of 2 Hz from an initial value of 25 Hz, he has perceived a change of 8%. The tuner should then notice changes of 8% or more at other frequency levels. An 8% decrease from 200 Hz is 16 Hz, bringing the new frequency to 184 Hz.<br></span><img src=""paste-1537be2c018a68df0cbb9344c6b17444695a846f.jpg"">"
"<img src=""paste-a88ec773ec148b969cdbd2efd464062e3ac22edb.jpg"">"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Which of the following situations describes the perceptual cue of motion parallax?</span><br>""<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47);"">While riding in a car, John looks out the window. His brain interprets that objects moving very fast are closer than those moving slowly.</span>"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">In studies of the just-noticeable difference, perception is measured in what way?</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(36, 188, 80); background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"">Determination of Weber’s law requires a person to perceive two stimuli and then determine whether or not they are the same or different. Perceiving differences between two stimuli is discrimination.</span>"
"<span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Subjects often report negative emotions such as anger after hearing several especially loud sounds. The James-Lange theory would posit that this emotional response:</span><span style=""color: rgb(47, 47, 47); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">follows from and is caused by the physiological arousal experienced as a result of the loud sounds.</span>"
eludesescape
Partial pressure of gas= Mole fraction* P totalMole fraction* P total
where do i find hemoglobinin erythrocytes
why does erythrocyte dont have a nuclues?bceuase they have so much hemoglobin that they dont have room for nuclues or membrane boudn organlle
what tyeo of regulation is when O binds to Hemoglobin?homotropic regulation which is a type of coopertivity 
why does the shape of the graph of hemglobin binding to O appreas to be sig,oid? Idue to homotropic regulation which is coopertivity 
"<img src=""paste-8a7a28b9d59d4086d7c50004179bc439aeb60c7a.jpg"">"
know the six phase chnages: melting or fusion: solid to liquid <br>evaportaion: liquid to gas <br>sublimntion= solid to gas <br>condensation:gas to liquid <br>freeze: liquid to solid <br>deporiston= gas to solid <br>
"The endothermic phase changes—<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""melting, evaporation, and sublimation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""The endothermic phase changes—<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">melting, evaporation, and sublimation</span><br>
"
"exothermic phase changes—<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""condensation, freezing, and deposition"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze="""" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""exothermic phase changes—<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">condensation, freezing, and deposition</span><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""></span><br>
"
"Endothermic processes<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""&nbsp&#x3B;breaking of bonds or intermolecular"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> interactions,""Endothermic processes<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""> breaking of bonds or intermolecular</span> interactions,<br>
"
"<div> exothermic processes typically involve bond <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""formation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> or an <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">increase i</span>n intermolecular force strength.</div><div><br></div>""<div> exothermic processes typically involve bond <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">formation</span> or an <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">increase i</span>n intermolecular force strength.</div><div><br></div><br>
"
"<div> exothermic processes typically involve bond <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">formation</span> or an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increase i"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>n intermolecular force strength.</div><div><br></div>""<div> exothermic processes typically involve bond <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">formation</span> or an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">increase i</span>n intermolecular force strength.</div><div><br></div><br>
"
"pressure of liquid  is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""linear if the density remains constat, so the volume remians constnat and they wont get compressed"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""pressure of liquid  is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">linear if the density remains constat, so the volume remians constnat and they wont get compressed</span><br>
"
"why does Gases dont have a linear pressure vs depth change: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""because gases are compressile so their density and volume is not constant and they will chnage as other things chnages&nbsp&#x3B;&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""why does Gases dont have a linear pressure vs depth change: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">because gases are compressile so their density and volume is not constant and they will chnage as other things chnages  </span><br>
"
"Fluid pressure changes with depth are assumed to be linear. Which statement best explains why this does not hold true for changes in atmospheric pressure?<img src=""paste-ffe645155a6a1ec387cb50efcbc8e02c0c9299ca.jpg""><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze="""" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Fluid pressure changes with depth are assumed to be linear. Which statement best explains why this does not hold true for changes in atmospheric pressure?<img src=""paste-ffe645155a6a1ec387cb50efcbc8e02c0c9299ca.jpg""><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""></span><br>
"
"effect of tempreture on humidity: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""tempreture decerase, humidity decrease"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""effect of tempreture on humidity: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">tempreture decerase, humidity decrease</span><br>
"
"what happens to mass of water in the volume of the air  when humidity decrease? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""less water mass is observed in that volume&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""what happens to mass of water in the volume of the air  when humidity decrease? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">less water mass is observed in that volume </span><br>
"
"when altitutude increase, tempreture <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">decrease,</span> humidty <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decrease"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> and mass of the H2O also <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">decreases </span>""when altitutude increase, tempreture <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">decrease,</span> humidty <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">decrease</span> and mass of the H2O also <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">decreases </span><br>
"
"when altitutude increase, tempreture <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">decrease,</span> humidty <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">decrease</span> and mass of the H2O also <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decreases&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""3"">[...]</span>""when altitutude increase, tempreture <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">decrease,</span> humidty <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">decrease</span> and mass of the H2O also <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""3"">decreases </span><br>
"
"when altitutude increase, tempreture <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decrease,"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> humidty <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">decrease</span> and mass of the H2O also <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">decreases </span>""when altitutude increase, tempreture <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decrease,</span> humidty <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">decrease</span> and mass of the H2O also <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""3"">decreases </span><br>
"
"<img src=""paste-c8c48f5cf96ee8ef70d3204fc519362242e5aa76.jpg""><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze="""" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<img src=""paste-c8c48f5cf96ee8ef70d3204fc519362242e5aa76.jpg""><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""></span><br>
"
"higher tempreture= <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""decrease"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> gas solubitliy ""higher tempreture= <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">decrease</span> gas solubitliy <br>
"
"<b>As you increase the pressure of a gas, the collision frequency increases and thus the solubility </b><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""goes up,"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""<b>As you increase the pressure of a gas, the collision frequency increases and thus the solubility </b><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">goes up,</span><br>
"
"1 mole of gas at STP is equal to what volume= <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""22.4<img src="paste-cb25784c47e61f2251003fd8b6d5a1b93bd34c9a.jpg"><span class="cloze-inactive" data-ordinal="1"></span>"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span>""1 mole of gas at STP is equal to what volume= <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">22.4<img src=""paste-cb25784c47e61f2251003fd8b6d5a1b93bd34c9a.jpg""><span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1""></span></span><br>
"
"1 mole of gas at STP is equal to what volume= <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">22.4<img src=""paste-cb25784c47e61f2251003fd8b6d5a1b93bd34c9a.jpg""><span class=""cloze"" data-cloze="""" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span></span>""1 mole of gas at STP is equal to what volume= <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">22.4<img src=""paste-cb25784c47e61f2251003fd8b6d5a1b93bd34c9a.jpg""><span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1""></span></span><br>
"
"For the sake of the MCAT, absolute zero (0 <em>K</em>) is the l<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""owest temperature at which any substance can exist,"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> and at this temperature, the molecules in a gaseous sample will have <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">no</span> energy and will be motionless.""For the sake of the MCAT, absolute zero (0 <em>K</em>) is the l<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">owest temperature at which any substance can exist,</span> and at this temperature, the molecules in a gaseous sample will have <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">no</span> energy and will be motionless.<br>
"
"For the sake of the MCAT, absolute zero (0 <em>K</em>) is the l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">owest temperature at which any substance can exist,</span> and at this temperature, the molecules in a gaseous sample will have <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""no"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> energy and will be motionless.""For the sake of the MCAT, absolute zero (0 <em>K</em>) is the l<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">owest temperature at which any substance can exist,</span> and at this temperature, the molecules in a gaseous sample will have <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">no</span> energy and will be motionless.<br>
"
"what is the unit for volume? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""L or soemthing cubes&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""what is the unit for volume? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">L or soemthing cubes </span><br>
"
"cm3= hwo many mL ? what abt liter? <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""where 1 L = 10<sup>3</sup>&nbsp&#x3B;mL = 10<sup>3</sup>&nbsp&#x3B;cm<sup>3</sup>."" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""cm3= hwo many mL ? what abt liter? <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">where 1 L = 10<sup>3</sup> mL = 10<sup>3</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>.</span><br>
"
"1mole of any substnace= <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""6 × 10<sup>23</sup>&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>atoms/molecules of that substance.""1mole of any substnace= <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">6 × 10<sup>23</sup> </span>atoms/molecules of that substance.<br>
"
"for gases, we can assume its <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""ideal unless told otherwise"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""for gases, we can assume its <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">ideal unless told otherwise</span><br>
"
Does kinetic energy depend on velocity?Nope, that v is the speed and we dong give a shit bout the direction (remeber velocity i direction)
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Serine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6752_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Serine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6752_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Serine's alcohol (-OH) group adds polarity to the molecule, making it <strong>hydrophilic</strong>, meaning it dissolves well in water<strong> </strong>(hydrophilic = water loving).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Serine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6752_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Serine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6752_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6752_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(alcohol bottle = OH, bent arm = 1 carbon linkage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Serine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6752_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Serine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6752_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Reacts with Phosphate </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(P for parking = Pi for inorganic phosphate)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Serine's alcohol group (-OH) reacts with phosphate to form phosphoserine.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Serine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6752_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Serine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6752_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Serine, Ser, S </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(siren)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6766_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(almonds = amide group, bent arm = 1 carbon linkage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Asparagine is hydrophilic, or water-loving, so it dissolves in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Asparagine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(asparagus)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1-Letter Abbreviation: N</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(netflix)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Asparagine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6766_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>3-Letter Abbreviation: Asn </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ASiaN dressing)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Alanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6744_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Alanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6744_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6744_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(single lump of coal/carbon = methyl group)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Alanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6744_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Alanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6744_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Nonpolar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Alanine is hydrophobic, or water-fearing, meaning it dissolves in oil and doesn't dissolve in water. </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Alanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6744_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Alanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6744_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Alanine, Ala, A</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ALAddin)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Valine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6745_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Valine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6745_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6745_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(v-shaped pose = v-shaped R-group)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Valine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6745_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Valine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6745_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Nonpolar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p><br/>Valine is hydrophobic, or water-fearing, meaning it doesn't dissolve well in water. </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Valine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6745_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Valine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6745_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Valine, Val, V</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(veil)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6746_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6746_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6746_inline_0.png""></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(L shaped hand = L shaped R group, bent elbow = 1 carbon linkage)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6746_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6746_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6746_inline_1.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(L-shaped claw = L-shaped R group, metal joint = 1 carbon linkage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6746_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6746_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Leucine, Leu, L</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(LEU-ser)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6746_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6746_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Nonpolar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil) </p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Leucine is hydrophobic, or water-fearing, meaning it is oil-soluble and doesn't dissolve in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Isoleucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6747_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Isoleucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6747_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Isoleucine, Ile, I </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ISOLation room)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Isoleucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6747_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Isoleucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6747_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Nonpolar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Isoleucine is hydrophobic, or water-fearing, meaning it is oil-soluble and doesn't dissolve in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Isoleucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6747_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Isoleucine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6747_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6747_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bent prison bars)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phenylalanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6749_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phenylalanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6749_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phe Abbreviation </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(PHEasant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phenylalanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6749_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phenylalanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6749_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Nonpolar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Phenylalanine is hydrophobic, or water-fearing, meaning it is oil-soluble and doesn't dissolve in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phenylalanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6749_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phenylalanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6749_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phenylalanine, F </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(funnel)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phenylalanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6749_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phenylalanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6749_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6749_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fragrant honey = aromatic, hexagonal honeycomb = hexagonal benzene, bent arm = 1 carbon linkage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tryptophan</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6751_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tryptophan</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6751_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6751_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fragrant/hexagonal honeycomb = aromatic benzene, 5-sided house = 5-sided ring, liquid nitrogen = nitrogen)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tryptophan</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6751_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tryptophan</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6751_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Nonpolar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p><br/>Tryptophan is hydrophobic, or water-fearing, meaning it dissolves in oil and doesn't dissolve well in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tryptophan</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6751_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tryptophan</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6751_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Abbreviated as W</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(W for watts)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tryptophan</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6751_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tryptophan</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6751_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tryptophan, Trp</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(TRiPle fan) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Methionine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6764_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Methionine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6764_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Non-Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Methionine is hydrophobic, or water-fearing, meaning it is oil-soluble and doesn't dissolve in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Methionine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6764_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Methionine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6764_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6764_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sulfurous egg = sulfur, conveyor belt = carbon chain)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Methionine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6764_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Methionine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6764_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Methionine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(metal eye)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proline</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6748_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proline</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6748_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Nonpolar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(greasy butter = oil-soluble)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Proline is hydrophobic, or water-fearing, meaning it is oil soluble and doesn't dissolve in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proline</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6748_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proline</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6748_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Proline, Pro, P</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pralines)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proline</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6748_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proline</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6748_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Kinks Polypeptide Chain </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bent yoga pose = kinks body)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proline</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6748_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proline</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6748_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6748_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pentagon-shaped yoga pose = 5 sided ring, nitro brew = nitrogen)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Achiral / Non-Chiral</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(symmetrical reflection)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Glycine is the only amino acid that is achiral, or non-chiral, since Glycine alone contains an internal plane of symmetry around the alpha carbon.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tight Turns</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(spinning glider)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group: -H</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(helipad logo = hydrogen)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glycine, Gly, G</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(glider)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Non-Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Glycine is hydrophobic, or water-fearing, meaning it is oil-soluble and doesn't dissolve well in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6763_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Conformational Flexibility</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(flexible dipstick)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p><br/>Threonine is hydrophilic, or water-loving, meaning it dissolves well in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Reacts with Phosphate </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(P for Parking = Pi for inorganic phosphate)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Threonine's alcohol group (-OH) reacts with phosphate to form phosphothreonine.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6753_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(alcohol bottle on elbow = alcohol group branched off middle, bent arm = 2 carbon chain)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Abbreviated as T</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(T for Tesla)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Threonine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6753_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Threonine, Thr, T</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(THREad)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R Configuration </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(turning faucet <strong>R</strong>ight) </p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6765_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Cysteine has R stereochemistry, which means the groups connected to the alpha carbon are ranked in a clockwise direction. </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine is hydrophilic, or water-loving, meaning it dissolves well in water. </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Abbreviated as C</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(C logo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6765_inline_1.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sulfur egg = sulfur, bent elbow = 1 carbon linkage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Forms Disulfide Bonds </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6765_inline_2.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(combining 2 sulfur eggs = disulfide bond)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The sulfur atom in cysteine can covalently bond with the sulfur in another cysteine to form a disulfide bond.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cysteine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6765_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cysteine, Cys</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(CYStine chapel)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water) </p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Tyrosine is hydrophilic, or water-loving, meaning it dissolves well in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6750_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(aromatic = fragrant, hexagonal benzene = hexagonal honeycomb, alcohol = alcohol bottle)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phosphorylatable</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(parking Pi = inorganic phosphate)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Y Abbreviation</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Y college logo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tyrosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6750_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tyrosine, Tyr</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tire swing)</p><p></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6767_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(almonds = amide, curl bar bends = 2 carbons)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1-Letter Abbreviation: Q</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(q-tips)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>3-Letter Abbreviation: Gln</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(1 gln jug)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Glutamine is hydrophilic, or water-loving, so it dissolves easily in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6767_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glutamine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(glute machine)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Acidic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lemons)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Aspartate is an acidic amino acid, meaning it readily donates a proton in water. </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1-Letter Abbreviation: D</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(disney logo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Negative Charge</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(- sign for "do not enter")</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>At physiological pH, aspartate has a negative charge.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Aspartate is hydrophilic, or water-loving, so it dissolves easily in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6768_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cardboard box = carboxyl, elbow = 1 carbon linkage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_5.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_5.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>3-Letter Abbreviation: Asp</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ASaP)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aspartate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6768_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Aspartate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(spartan)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Acidic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lemons)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Glutamate is an acidic amino acid, meaning it readily donates a proton in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6769_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cardboard box = carboxyl, riser bends = 2 carbon linkage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Negative Charge</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(- sign for "do not enter")</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>At physiological pH, glutamate has a negative charge.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Glutamate is hydrophilic, or water-loving, so it dissolves easily in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1-Letter Abbreviation: E</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(euro sign)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>3-Letter Abbreviation: Glu</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(GLUe)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glutamate</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6769_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glutamate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(glued plate)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Histidine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(history)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Positive Charge</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(+ first aid kit)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>At physiological pH, Histidine has a positive charge.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Basic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(basic bleach)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Histidine is a basic amino acid, so it readily accepts a proton in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Histidine is hydrophilic, or water-loving, so it dissolves easily in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Aromatic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(aromatic coffee)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The pentagonal ring of Histidine is aromatic.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Histidine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6772_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6772_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pentagon = pentagonal ring, 2 nitro brews = 2 nitrogens)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6770_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nitro canister = nitrogen, extenders = 4-carbon bridge)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Basic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(basic bleach)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Lysine is a basic amino acid, so it readily accepts a proton in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Lysine is hydrophilic, or water-loving, so it dissolves easily in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Positive Charge</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(+ first aid kit)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>At physiological pH, Lysine has a positive charge.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1-Letter Abbreviation: K</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(keurig k)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lysine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6770_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lysine, Lys</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(LYSol)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>R-Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""6771_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(3-pronged rotors with nitro boosters = guanidino group, handle = 3-carbon bridge)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water-Soluble / Polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Arginine is hydrophilic, or water-loving, so it dissolves easily in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Positive Charge</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(+ medic sign)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>At physiological pH, Arginine has a positive charge.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Basic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(basic bleach)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Arginine is a basic amino acid, so it readily accepts a proton in water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1-Letter Abbreviation: R</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rated R)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Arginine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6771_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Arginine, Arg</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ARGentina)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Consumable Source of Energy </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(consuming sour cream)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tail is Saturated or Unsaturated</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(saturation = SATurn)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Nonpolar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fatty Acids </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sour = acidic, cream = fatty)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Carboxylic Acid Head Group </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(CARdboard BOX)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Long Hydrocarbon Tail </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(long trail of sour cream)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fatty Acids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6882_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Unsaturated Tails Contain Double Bonds </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(double bunk bed = double bond, no saturn model = unsaturated) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Nonpolar </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stores Energy </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(stored food)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Contains Ester Linkages </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(easter egg) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>3 Fatty Acid Tails </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(three legs of tripod = 3 tails)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Triacylglycerol </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(TRIpod of GLass = tri-acyl-glass-erol)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triacylglycerols</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6887_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glycerol Backbone </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(glitter roll = glycerol)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Amphipathic </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(amphibian)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glycerol </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(glitter roll)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Contains Ester Linkages </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(easter egg)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phospholipid </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fossil lid)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Contains Phosphate Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(parking)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>2 Fatty Acid Tails </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(2 pigtails)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phospholipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6888_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Primary Component in Cell Membranes </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(membrane-like saran wrap) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sphingolipids</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sphinx)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Component in Cell Membrane</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bubble)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Amphipathic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(amphibian)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Sphingolipids contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, so sphingolipids are amphipathic.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Polar Head Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wet = polar, sphinx head = head)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1 Fatty Acid Tail</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(1 tail)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sphingolipids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6886_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Amide</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(almonds)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The fatty acid tail is connected to the backbone via an amide linkage.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>5-Carbon Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(5-fingered gloves and shoes)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Isoprene is comprised of 5 carbons.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Terpenes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tarp)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Isoprene</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ice pick)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Isoprene is the basic subunit of terpenes.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Squalene</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(squash)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Six isoprene units combine to create squalene.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cholesterol</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(coleslaw)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Cholesterol is a terpene, and is derived from squalene.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Terpenes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6883_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Non-polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Terpenes are hydrophobic, or water-fearing, so they dissolve in oils and fats.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Steroids</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(steroid shot)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Squalene</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(squash)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Squalene is the precursor to cholesterol.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Non-polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Steroids are hydrophobic, or water-fearing, so they dissolve in oils and fats.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cholesterol</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(coleslaw)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Cholesterol is the most common steroid.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Vitamin D</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vitamin D supplements)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Vitamin D is another common steroid, and is derived from cholesterol.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroids</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6881_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>4-Ring Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(4-ring audi logo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Waxes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6885_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Waxes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6885_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oil-Soluble / Non-polar</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oil)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Waxes are hydrophobic, or water-fearing, so they dissolve well in oils and fats.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Waxes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6885_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Waxes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6885_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Waxes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wax candle)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Waxes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6885_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Waxes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6885_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ester Between Two Long Chains</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(easter egg + wax zigzags)</p><p><br/>Waxes are comprised of two long, hydrocarbon chains on either side of an ester.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Waxes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6885_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Waxes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6885_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ester</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(easter egg)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oxaloacetate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ox satay)</p><p><br/>Oxaloacetate recombines with acetyl-CoA to take another spin 'round the cycle.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Malate Dehydrogenase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hydra = de-HYDRA-genase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces NADH</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lit nicotinic cigarette)</p><p><br/>NADH is a high-energy compound (which is why cigarette is <em>lit</em>).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fumarate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fumes)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Malate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mallet)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces FADH2</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(flavoring = flavin)</p><p><br>FADH2 is a high-energy compound.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Succinate Dehydrogenase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(succinate = suckers; hydra = de-HYDRA-genase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces GTP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(green battery powering heat lamp)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Succinate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(suckers)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Succinyl-CoA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(suckers, croquet)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>[alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase]</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(alpha key, hydra)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_11.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_11.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces NADH</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lit nicotinic cigarette)</p><p><br>NADH is a high-energy compound (which is why cigarette is <em>lit</em>).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_12.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_12.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces CO2</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(exhaling CO2)</p><p><br/>By coupling this reaction to the production of CO2, the reaction is irreversible and therefore an important regulatory step.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_13.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_13.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>alpha-ketoglutarate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(alpha key, glutes)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_14.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_14.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>[Isocitrate Dehydrogenase]</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hydra = de-HYDRA-genase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_15.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_15.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces CO2</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(exhaling CO2)</p><p><br/>By coupling this reaction to the production of CO2, the reaction is irreversible and therefore an important regulatory step.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_16.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_16.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces NADH</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lit nicotinic cigarette)</p><p><br/>NADH is a high-energy compound (which is why cigarette is <em>lit</em>).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_17.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_17.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Isocitrate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(iced citrus)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_18.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_18.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>cis-Aconitate / Aconitase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(acorn = aconitate / aconitase)</p><p><br>Citrate is converted to cis-<strong>aconitate</strong> via aconitase. Aconitate is converted to <strong>isocitrate</strong> via <strong>aconitase</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_19.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_19.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Citrate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(citrus)</p><p><br/>This is why the TCA cycle may also be known as the <strong>citric acid cycle</strong> -- because <strong>citrate</strong> is formed via the first step. Citrate is also a type of <strong>tricarboxylic acid</strong> (TCA), which is why the citric acid cycle is also called the <strong>TCA cycle</strong>.<br/><br/>Citrate is formed via citrate synthase.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_20.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Citric Acid Cycle (TCA, Krebs)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5632_20.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate → Citrate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cedar croquet + ox satay → citrus)</p><p><br><strong>Acetyl-CoA</strong> (cedar croquet) combines with <strong>oxaloacetate</strong> (ox satay) to form <strong>citrate</strong> (citrus) via the enzyme <strong>citrate synthase</strong>.<br><br>This is the first step in the TCA cycle, and is therefore an important regulatory step. This step is therefore <em>irreversible</em>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucose</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hexokinase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hexagon)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Requires ATP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(plugged into wall / requires energy)</p><p><br/>Hexokinase requires ATP in order to phosphorylate glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.<br/><br/>First step = irreversible = regulation point (since when was ATP hydrolysis reversible??)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucose-6-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar + stick = 6)</p><p><br/>Stuck in cell (stuck in bowl); committed to glycolysis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fructose-6-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fruit sugar = fructose; stick = 6)</p><p><br>Catalyzed by <strong>phosphoglucoisomerase</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>PFK</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(<strong>p</strong>lastic <strong>f</strong>or<strong>k</strong>)</p><p><br/>PHK stands for phosphofructokinase, and it the rate-limiting step of glycolysis. Decorating candy apples takes a pretty long time, right?<br/><br/>It is irreversible bc it hydrolyzes ATP. It is a control point as the rate-limiting step.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Requires ATP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(plugged into wall / requires energy)</p><p><br/>Hexokinase requires ATP in order to phosphorylate glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fruit sugar = fructose; gun = 1, stick = 6)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Aldolase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">((owl) doll-ase)</p><p><br/>Splits F-1,6-BP into DHAP and G3P.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>DHAP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(acetone)</p><p><br/>DHAP stands for dihydroxy-ACETONE-phosphate.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>TPI</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(toilet paper = TP)</p><p><br/>TPI stands for triose-phosphate</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_11.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Investment Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5633_11.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>G3P</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(green C3Po)</p><p><br/>G3P = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pyruvate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pirate)</p><p><br/>Pyruvate is the ending molecule of glycolysis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces ATP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lightning bolt dodgeballs)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_2.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_2.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>PEP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(peeps)</p><p><br>PEP = phosphoenolpyruvate</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pyruvate Kinase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pirate kite)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>H2O</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p><br/>Enolase produces water (low-yield).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Enolase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(email; email-ase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>2-PG</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(2 pig(tails))</p><p><br/>2-PG = 2-phosphoglycerate</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>PGM / Mutase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(PG Movie = PGM, mutant = mutase)</p><p><br/>PGM = phosphoglycerate mutase</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>3-PG</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(3 pigs)</p><p><br/>3-PG = 3-phosphoglycerate</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces ATP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(battery / light = ATP)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phosphoglycerate Kinase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(kite = kinase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_11.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_11.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1,3-BPG</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(BPG = baby pig)</p><p><br/>This molecule is <em>unstable</em> -- just like the baby pig.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_12.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_12.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces NADH</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lit nicotinic cigarette)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_13.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_13.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>G3P Dehydrogenase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hydra = de-HYDRA-genase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_14.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycolysis - Payoff Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5675_14.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>G3P</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(green C3PO)</p><p><br/>G3P = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ribulose-5-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(riblet = ribulose, five fingers = 5)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>CO2 Released</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hydra exhaling CO2 after eating riblet)</p><p><br/>This is how we go from a 6-carbon molecule to a 5-carbon molecule.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces NADPH</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nicotinic <strong><u>p</u></strong>ipe = NAD<strong>P</strong><u>H</u>)</p><p><br/>NADPH production is arguably the most important part of the PPP. It is used for <strong>reductive biosynthesis</strong> and the regeneration of reduced <strong>glutathione</strong>. </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pentose Phosphate Pathway</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pentagram)</p><p><br/>This is the <strong>irreversible, energy-producing</strong> (glowing, high-energy pentagram) step of the pathway. It is oxidative (rusty bars on hydras).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>6-Phosphogluconate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(glue cone = gluconate)</p><p><br/>This gluconate also has a phosphate at the 6 position (stick = six on peg leg again).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>6-PGL</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(peg leg, six = stick)</p><p><br>6-PGL = 6-phosphogluconolactone. Lactone's have a <strong>ring structure</strong> (ring around peg leg).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces NADPH</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nicotinic <strong><u>p</u></strong>ipe = NAD<strong>P</strong><u>H</u>)</p><p><br/>NADPH production is arguably the most important part of the PPP. It is used for <strong>reductive biosynthesis</strong> and the regeneration of reduced <strong>glutathione</strong>. </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>G6P Dehydrogenase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hydra = de-HYDRA-genase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5692_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucose-6-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar = glucose, stick = six)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fructose-6-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(candy apple = fructose; stick = six)</p><p><br/>Fructose-6-Phosphate can enter <strong>glycolysis</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>G3P</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(green C3PO)</p><p><br/>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) can enter <strong>glycolysis</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Transketolase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(key)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Xylulose-5-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(xylophone)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Erythrose-4-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(earth = erythrose, 4-leaf clover = 4)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fructose-6-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(candy apple = fructose; stick = six)</p><p><br/>Fructose-6-Phosphate can enter <strong>glycolysis</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Transaldolase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(aldolase = owl)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sedoheptulose-7-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(soda, 7UP)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>G3P</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(green C3PO)</p><p><br/>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) can enter <strong>glycolysis</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Transketolase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(key)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Xylulose-5-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(xylophone, star = 5)</p><p><br/>Sometimes abbreviated as <strong>Xu-5-P</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_11.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_11.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ru-5-P Epimerase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(epsom salts = epimerase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_12.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_12.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pentose Phosphate Pathway</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(penthouse)</p><p><br/>This is the <strong>non-oxidative phase</strong> of the PPP, which consists of <strong>reversible, carbon-carbon rearragnements</strong>. This step generates important <strong>anabolic precursors</strong>, like ribose-5-phosphate for <strong>nucleotide synthesis</strong>, and allows other intermediates to re-enter other metabolic pathways, like <strong>glycolysis</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_13.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_13.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ribose-5-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(5 lbs bag of rice; rice = ribose)</p><p><br/>Ribose-5-phosphate is an important precursor for <strong>nucleotide synthesis</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_14.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_14.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ru-5-P Isomerase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ice = isomerase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_15.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pentose Phosphate Pathway - Non-Oxidative Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5727_15.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ribulose-5-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(riblet, 5 fingers)</p><p><br/>Rbulose-5-phosphate is the last intermediate of the <strong>oxidative phase</strong> of the <strong>PPP</strong>, and is the starting molecule of the <strong>non-oxidative phase</strong>.<br/><br/>Sometimes abbreviated as <strong>Ru-5-P</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucose-6-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar = glucose; on a stick = six)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glycogen / Glycogenesis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar storage)</p><p><br/>Glycogen is just stored glucose. "Glycogenesis" refers to the "genesis" (i.e. creation) of "glycogen."</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>α(1→4) Glycosidic Bond</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(4 = 4-wheeler)</p><p><br/><strong>Glycogen synthase</strong> adds UDP-glucose to the glycogen chain via an <strong>α(1→4) Glycosidic Bond</strong>. Contrast with branch points.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>α(1→6) Bonds for Branching</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(branches, sticks = 6; 6-pack = six)</p><p><br/>Glycogen undergoes <strong>branching</strong> (branches) in order to increase the amount of sugar that can be stored. This branching is accomplished by <strong>glycogen branching enzyme</strong>, and the branch points are connected to the glycogen chain via <strong>α(1→6) Bonds</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>UDP-Glucose</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(UnDerPants = UDP, sugar = glucose)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Requires UTP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(U Turn = UTP)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucose-1-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(glucose = sugar; gun = one)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5682_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phosphogluco</strong><strong><u>mutase</u></strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mutant = mutase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hydrolysis of α(1→</strong><strong><u>6</u></strong><strong>) Glycosidic Linkages</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water = hydrolysis; sticks = six)</p><p><br/>Branch points are formed via <strong>α(1→6) glycosidic linkages</strong> (sticks = six). After debranching enzymes moves a "limit branch" of glycogen, there is still one α(1→6)-linked glucose residue on the limit branch. This remaining residue can be removed via simple <strong>hydrolysis</strong> (water).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glycogenolysis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lysis of stored sugar)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glycogen Phosphorylase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fox + knife = phosphrylase; <em>FOX-phorylase</em>)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Debranching Enzyme</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(branch cutter)</p><p><br/>Glycogen phosphorylase removes glucose on a glycogen branch until it gets within ~5 residues of an α(1→6) glycosidic linkage, at which point glycogen phosphorylase is unable to function. These remaining residues are termed a <strong>"limit branch"</strong> (limbs), and they must be moved in order for glycogenolysis to continue.<br/><br/><strong>Glycogen debranching enzyme</strong> (branch cutter) moves the <strong>"limit branches"</strong> (limbs) from branched glycogen to unbranched glycogen. After these branches are moved, glycogen phosphorylase can continue removing glucose residues in the usual fashion.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phosphogluco</strong><strong><u>mutase</u></strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mutant = mutase)</p><p><br/>Phosphoglucomutase moves glucose-1-phosphate's phosphate group from the 1 position to the 6 position.<br/><br/>Recall, <strong>mutase enzymes</strong> (mutant) are used to move functional groups from one position to another.<br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucose-1-Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar + gun = one)</p><p><br/>After a glucose residue is removed from glycogen via phosphorolysis, the residue is released as <strong>glucose-1-phosphate</strong> (sugar + gun = one).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cleaves α(1→</strong><strong><u>4</u></strong><strong>) Glycosidic Linkages</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(4 Wheeler = α(1→<strong><u>4</u></strong>))</p><p><br/>Contrast with branch points, which are formed via α(1→6) glycosidic linkages.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glycogenolysis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5676_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucose-6-phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar + stick = six)</p><p><br/>Once converted to <strong>glucose-6-phosphate</strong>, the glucose residue is able to enter into the usual metabolic pathways.<br/><br/>For example, glucose-6-phosphate can enter into <strong>glycolysis</strong> and have its energy extracted -- as in muscle tissue. Alternatively, it can have it's phosphate group removed (as in gluconeogenesis), at which point it can be exported from the cell to the rest of the body -- as in the liver.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucose-6-Phosphatase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar = glucose, on a <em>stick</em> = <em>six</em>)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fructose-1-6-Bisphosphatase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fruit = fructose; one = gun; six = stick)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>PEP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(peeps)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Gluconeogenesis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(making / refining sugar)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces CO2</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(produces CO2)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>PEP Carboxykinase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cardboard kite)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Requires CO2</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sucking in CO2)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Requires GTP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(plugged in; green light)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oxaloacetate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ox)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Requires ATP</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(plugged in; red light)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gluconeogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5678_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pyruvate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pirate)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex I</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>NADH Dehydrogenase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lit nicotinic cigarette = NADH, hydra = dehydrogenase)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p><strong>Complex I</strong> is also known as NADH Dehydrogenase.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex I</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pumps Protons</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(acid lemonade = acid protons)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>The unloading of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone is an energetically favorable reaction. This energy is used to <strong>pump 4 protons </strong>from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex I</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>NADH → NAD+</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(putting out nicotinic cigarette)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>High energy NADH is converted to lower energy NAD+ after it loses 2 electrons, which are transferred to UQ.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex I</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>UQ → UQH2</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(“UbiQlo” bag lit on fire)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Low energy UQ is converted to high energy UQH2 after it accepts 2 electrons, which are unloaded from NADH.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Complex V</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(high 5 = 5)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Also known as <strong>ATP Synthase</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Electron Transport Chain</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(electric spark chain)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex V</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Generates ATP / ATP Synthase</h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(battery = ATP)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The energy released as<strong> protons flow down their concentration gradient</strong> (dripping lemon battery) is harnessed to<strong> convert ADP into ATP</strong> by way of phosphorylation. ATP is used as the primary energy source for all cells.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Complex III</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tree = 3)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Also known as <strong>Cytochrome Reductase</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Complex IV</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(4-leaf clover = 4)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Also known as <strong>Cytochrome Oxidase</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Complex II</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(two shoes = 2)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Also known as <strong>Succinate Dehydrogenase</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Complex I</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(1-eyed = 1)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Also known as <strong>NADH Dehydrogenase</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_11.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_11.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex IV</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pumps Protons</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(acidic lemonade = acidic protons)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The unloading of electrons from Cytochrome C onto oxygen is energetically favorable, and this energy is used to <strong>pump 2 protons</strong> into the intermembrane space.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_12.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_12.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex IV</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oxygen Gains Electrons</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oxygen tank)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Oxygen gains <strong>electrons unloaded from Cytochrome C</strong>, thereby acting as the final electron receptor in the electron transport chain. The result is the <strong>production of water</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_13.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_13.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex III</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pumps Protons</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(acidic lemonade = acidic protons)</p><p><br/>The unloading of electrons from UQH2 to Cytochrome C is an energetically favorable reaction. This energy is harnessed to <strong>pump 4 protons</strong> into the intermembrane space.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_14.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_14.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex IV</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces Water</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p><strong>Oxygen gains electrons </strong>unloaded from Cytochrome C, thereby acting as the final electron receptor in the electron transport chain. The result is the production of water.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_15.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_15.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex IV</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cytochrome C Loses Electron</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dead car = low energy)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Cytochrome C is converted from its high energy form to its low energy form, losing an electron which is <strong>transferred to oxygen</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_16.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_16.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex IV</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cytochrome Oxidase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(chrome car = cytochrome, rusty = oxidase)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p><strong>Complex IV </strong>is also known as Cytochrome Oxidase. This name refers to the <strong>loss of electrons (oxidation) </strong>from cytochrome C.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_17.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_17.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex III</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cytochrome Reductase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(chrome car = cytoCHROME, “Reduced” sticker = reductase)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p><strong>Complex III </strong>is also known as Cytochrome Reductase. This name refers to the <strong>gain of electrons (reduction)</strong> on cytochrome C.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_18.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_18.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex III</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cytochrome C Gains Electrons</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fast moving = high energy, chrome car = Cytochrome C)</p><p><br/>Cytochrome C is converted into its high energy form after gaining 1 electron unloaded from UQH2. Note that each Cytochrome C molecule can only carry 1 electron, so 2 Cytochrome C molecules are needed to unload both electrons from UQH2.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_19.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_19.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex III</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>UQH2 → UQ</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(putting out flaming “Ubiqlo” bag)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The high energy UQH2 is converted into the low energy UQ after transferring its electrons to cytochrome C.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_20.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_20.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex II</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Succinate Dehydrogenase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(suckers = succinate, hydra = dehydrogenase)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p><strong>Complex II </strong>is also known as Succinate Dehydrogenase.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_21.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_21.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex II</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>FADH2 → FAD</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(emptying 2 flavoring bottles)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>High energy FADH2 is converted into the low energy FAD after unloading 2 electrons, which are transferred to UQ. Note that this reaction does not release much energy, and <strong>no protons are pumped</strong> across the inner membrane by Complex II.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_22.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Electron Transport Chain (ETC)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6938_22.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Complex II</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>UQ → UQH2</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(“UbiQlo” bag lit on fire)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Low energy UQ is converted to high energy UQH2 after it accepts 2 electrons, which are unloaded from FADH2.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Telophase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(telephone)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Telophase is the fourth, and last, phase of mitosis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anaphase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(auntie anna's)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nuclear Envelope Forms</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(newly sealed package)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>During telophase, the nuclear envelopes of the two daughter cells form.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cytokinesis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tearing tape)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>During telophase, cytokinesis occurs.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sister Chromatids Separate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(twin sisters tear pretzel)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>During anaphase, sister chromatids separate.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Chromosomes Align</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(players line up)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>During metaphase, the chromosomes align at the middle of the cell.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Metaphase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(new york mets)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Metaphase is the second phase of mitosis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Prophase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pro-baseball player)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Prophase is the first phase of mitosis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nuclear Envelope Dissolves</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(opening a package)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>During prophase, the nuclear envelope dissolves.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Chromosomes Condense</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tightly wrapped thread)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>During prophase, chromosomes condense.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mitotic Spindle Forms</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(spindle)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>During prophase, the mitotic spindle is created.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_11.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mitosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6108_11.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mitosis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(baseball mitt)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Meiosis II</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(old jar of mayo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Haploid to Haploid</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(single knife)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Meiosis II splits two haploid cells into four haploid cells.</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anaphase I</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(auntie ana's)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Homologous Chromosomes Separate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(two pretzels separate)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Homologous Pairs Align Side-by-Side</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(two parallel rows of lockers)</p><p></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Diploid to Haploid</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(removing knife from fork-knife set)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Meiosis I splits one diploid cell into two haploid cells.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Meiosis I</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(new jar of mayo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Metaphase I</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mets)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Prophase I</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pro player)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Crossing Over</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tying shoes)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>During prophase I, crossing over occurs.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Homologous Pairs Separate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(two pretzels separate)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_11.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_11.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Haploid to Haploid</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(single knife)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Meiosis II splits two haploid cells into four haploid cells.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_12.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_12.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Meiosis II</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(old jar of mayo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_13.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_13.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anaphase I</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(auntie anna's)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_14.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_14.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Crossing Over</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tying shoes)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_15.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meiosis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6324_15.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Meiosis I</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(new jar of mayo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nervous System</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wires)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Includes central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and neuroendocrine tissues.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adrenal Medulla</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(admiral's medal)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Epidermis of Skin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(leather)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ectoderm Derivatives</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(coat)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p><strong>Outermost germ layer </strong>during embryonic development.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mammary Glands</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bustline of dress)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hair</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gleaming hair)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mouth & Anus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(smile, dress rear)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p><strong>Ectoderm invaginates </strong>to connect to gut tube (from endoderm), forming the mouth and anus.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pituitary Gland</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pituitary-like purses)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ectoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5175_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lens of Eye</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sunglasses)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Notochord</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(knotted cord)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Dermis of Skin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(thermos, under outer covering = under epidermis)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Contrast vs epidermis which is derived from ectoderm.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adrenal Cortex</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(admiral's GoreTex)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Contrast vs. adrenal medulla which is derived from the ectoderm.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Kidney</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(kidney beans)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Contrast vs. lower urogenital tract (bladder and urethra), which is derived from the endoderm.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mesoderm Derivatives</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(missile-derm)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Derived from the <strong>middle germ layer</strong> in embryonic development.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Bone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(skull and cross bone)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cartilage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rubber ends of CART handle)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Blood Vessels</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(red hose)</p><p><br/>The circulatory system is entirely derived from mesoderm.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Heart</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(heart tattoo)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The circulatory system is entirely derived from mesoderm.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Muscle</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(muscle)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mesoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5176_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Gonads</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gonad-like round bunkers)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Includes the testes in men and the ovaries in women.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lungs & Airways</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fan)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Most of Thyroid</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tie = thyroid)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Exception is the C-cells of thyroid, which have neuroendocrine roles and are derived from ectoderm.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Liver</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(liver lever)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Intestines and GI Tract</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(guts)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pancreas</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pan)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Bladder and Urethra</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(urinating)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Contrast vs. kidneys (upper urinary organ) that is derived from mesoderm.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endoderm Derivatives</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5177_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Endoderm Derivatives</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(endangered = endoderm)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leptin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6391_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leptin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6391_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Leptin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(leopard)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leptin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6391_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leptin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6391_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Indicates Fullness</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(full belly)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leptin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6391_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leptin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6391_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Targets Hypothalamus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hunted a hippo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leptin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6391_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Leptin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6391_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>High Blood Lipids / Adipose Tissue</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fat rolls)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Leptin is produced by adipose tissue in response to high blood lipid levels.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ghrelin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6393_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ghrelin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6393_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Targets Hypothalamus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hunting a hippo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ghrelin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6393_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ghrelin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6393_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Indicates Hunger</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(growling stomach)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ghrelin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6393_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ghrelin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6393_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stomach/Gastric Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rubbing belly)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Ghrelin is produced by stomach cells, also known as gastric cells.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ghrelin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6393_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ghrelin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6393_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ghrelin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(goblin)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Moves Freely in Blood</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(red cranberry juice)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hydrophilic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water inside bottle)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Can't Cross Cell Membrane</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(can't tear cellophane)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>External Receptors</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(receptor-shaped pull tab)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Protein Hormones</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(protein powder)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Protein Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6002_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pimples)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(smooth head)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>4-Ring Chemical Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(4-ring car logo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Derived from Cholesterol</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(high cholesterol foods)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hydrophobic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(body oil)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Passes Through Cell Membrane</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(needle pierces skin)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Steroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6004_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Steroid Hormones</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vial of steroids)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pancreas</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pan)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Insulin is produced by the pancreas.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Beta Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bottles)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Insulin is produced in and released by beta cells of the pancreas.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Insulin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(insulated cooler)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glycogenesis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(storage sticker)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Insulin promotes glycogenesis, or glucose storage.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Insulin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6460_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Decreases Blood Glucose</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dropped soda)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lack of Insulin Produced</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lacking insulation)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>In Type I diabetics, the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Type II Diabetes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(double-decker bus)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Type I Diabetes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(onesie)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Diabetes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(giant bag of candy)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Diabetes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6034_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Desensitized Insulin Receptor</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(insulated jacket doesn't work)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>In Type II diabetics, insulin receptors are desensitized to insulin.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glucagon</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6008_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glucagon</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6008_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Alpha Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(alphabet book)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Glucagon is produced and released by alpha cells.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glucagon</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6008_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glucagon</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6008_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Increases Blood Glucose</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(eating lots of sweets)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glucagon</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6008_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glucagon</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6008_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucagon</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(glue gun)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adrenal Medulla</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(indoor arena)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Epinephrine is produced by the adrenal medulla.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tyrosine Derivative</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tires)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stress</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(stressed face)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Epinephrine is released in response to stress.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hydrophilic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water bottle)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Epinephrine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(adrenaline shot)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Increases Blood Flow to Muscle</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bulging veins in arm)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epinephrine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6282_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fight-or-Flight Response</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(paintball fight)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Epinephrine stimulates the fight-or-flight response.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(aching tooth)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>ACTH is the second hormone in the cortisol/stress axis. CRH stimulates ACTH release.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anterior Pituitary</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(antique picture)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>ACTH is released by the anterior pituitary.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(crunch bar)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>CRH is the first hormone in the cortisol/stress axis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hypothalamus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hippo-shaped candy dispenser)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>CRH is released by the hypothalamus.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Increases Blood Glucose</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugary water flavoring)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Cortisol increases blood glucose levels.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adrenal Cortex</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(outdoor arena)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cortisol</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tennis court)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>ACTH stimulates cortisol release.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cortisol</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6038_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulated by Stress</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(stressed expression)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The cortisol/stress axis is stimulated by stress.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Passes Through Cell Membrane</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tie pin pierces tire)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tyrosine Derivative</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tire)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Thyroid Hormones are a tyrosine derivative hormone.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(folding ties)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tie-releasing machine)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anterior Pituitary</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(antique picture)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is released by the anterior pituitary.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Increases Metabolic Rate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(production plant feels hot)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hypothalamus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hippo logo)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) is released by the hypothalamus.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thyroid Hormones</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6033_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Thyroid Hormones</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ties)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Calcitonin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(calculator)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Decreases Blood Calcium</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(throwing away ice cream)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Decreases Osteoclast Activity</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(taking bone away from dog)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Thyroid Gland</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tie)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Calcitonin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6037_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Targets Kidneys</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(kidney-shaped jelly beans)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Calcitonin promotes renal excretion of calcium.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Break Down Bone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(breaking support beam)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Osteoclasts break down bone to increase blood calcium.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Osteoclasts</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(club)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>PTH targets osteoclasts.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Kidneys</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(kidney-shaped jelly beans)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>PTH targets the kidneys to promote renal absorption of calcium.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Increases Blood Calcium</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dispensing ice cream)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6462_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(parrot)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Growth Hormone (GH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fertilizer)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hypothalamus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hippo logo)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The hypothalamus utilizes the hypophyseal portal system to communicate with the anterior pituitary.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hypophyseal Portal System</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(flower delivery service)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(goldfish)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adrenocorticotropic Hormone</strong> (<strong>ACTH</strong>)</h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(aching tooth)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Prolactin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(milk bottle)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lieutenant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anterior Pituitary</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(antique picture)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6024_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(clenching a tie)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Prolactin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6026_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Prolactin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6026_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Promotes Lactation</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cow udders)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Prolactin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6026_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Prolactin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6026_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Prolactin-Inhibiting Factor (PIF)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pitchfork)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Prolactin release is <strong>inhibited</strong> by PIF from the hypothalamus.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Prolactin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6026_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Prolactin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6026_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Prolactin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(milking machine)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Prolactin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6026_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Prolactin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6026_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anterior Pituitary</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(antique picture)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Prolactin is released by the anterior pituitary.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Estrogen</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(photo of a girl)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>LH stimulates the release of estrogen.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Testosterone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(test tube)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>LH stimulates the release of testosterone.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lieutenant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anterior Pituitary</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(antique picture)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>LH is released by the anterior pituitary.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6030_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(generator)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>LH release is stimulated by GnRH from the hypothalamus.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6028_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6028_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anterior Pituitary</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(antique picture)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>FSH is released by the anterior pituitary.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6028_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6028_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fish)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6028_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6028_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fish eggs)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>FSH promotes oogenesis and spermatogenesis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6028_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6028_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(generator)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>FSH release is stimulated by GnRH from the hypothalamus.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fertilizer-releasing wheelbarrow)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Growth Hormone release is stimulated by GHRH from the hypothalamus.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Targets Muscle</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(muscular farmer)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anterior Pituitary</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(antique picture)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Growth Hormone is released by the anterior pituitary.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Growth Hormone (GH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fertilizer)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Targets Bone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(trellises)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Growth Hormone (GH)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6029_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulates Growth</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(seedlings)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Vasopressin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vase)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The posterior pituitary releases vasopressin.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Porcelain Pitcher</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(posterior pituitary)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stored in Posterior Pituitary</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water stored in porcelain pitcher)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>After being made in the hypothalamus, the hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hypothalamus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hippo water fountain)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The hormones of the posterior pituitary are actually synthesized in the hypothalamus.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oxytocin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oxen)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The posterior pituitary releases oxytocin.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Posterior Pituitary</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6031_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Uterine Contractions</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(newborn ox)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during labor.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pacinian Corpuscle</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(PacGuy)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Also called <strong>Lamellar corpuscles</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sense Vibration</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vibrating massager)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Located in Deep Skin/Tissues</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(deep massage)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Found in the <strong>deep reticular dermis </strong>and <strong>hypodermis</strong>, as well as the <strong>joints </strong>and <strong>ligaments</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Concentric Rings/Lamellae</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(onion-skin appearance)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Pacinian corpuscles have concentric rings or lamellae said to resemble the <strong>skin of an onion</strong>.<br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Pacinian_Corpuscle_%2836298105211%29.jpg""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(from <a href=""https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pacinian_Corpuscle_(36298105211).jpg"" target=""_blank"">Ed Uthman</a>, Pacinian Corpuscle. CC 2.0)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adapts Quickly</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(moves quickly)</p><p><br/>Require <strong>dynamic/constantly changing stimulus </strong>to continue sensing.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pacinian Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5259_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sense Deep Touch/Pressure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pressing deeply)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Sense deep pressure or touch, such as a poke.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Layered Laminar Disks</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(layers of wafer)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3915/14583050960_b2b2716545_b.jpg""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(taken from<a href=""https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14583050960"" target=""_blank""> "Kirkes' handbook of physiology", 1907</a>. public domain)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adapts Quickly</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(quickly-moving mousetrap)</p><p><br/><strong>Constantly-changing</strong> or <strong>dynamic</strong> <strong>stimulus</strong> is needed to continue conducting nerve impulses.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Position Sense</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sensing position of mousetrap)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Afferent inputs from Meissner's corpuscles contribute to position sense, or proprioception.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Detects Light Touch</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(light nudge)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Often concentrated at <strong>fingertips</strong> (tip of paw)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Meissner Corpuscle</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mice)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Meissner Corpuscle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5258_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Found in Glabrous Skin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hairless mouse)</p><p><br/>Meissner Corpuscles are found in <strong>hairless or glabrous skin</strong>, like the skin of the palms.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ruffini Endings</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(roof)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Senses Pressure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pressing down on wall)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Senses Slippage of Objects</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(slipped off roof)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Senses Joint Angle Change or Proprioception</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(angled joint in chimney)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Encapsulated Dendritic Fiber Endings</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wire endings)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Encapsulated branching nerve endings found in the reticular dermis of fingertips and joints.</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""5256_inline_0.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(taken from <a href=""https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0807_Skin_RuffiniCorpuscle.png"" target=""_blank"">BruceBlaus</a>, Wikimedia Commons, CC 3.0)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ruffini Endings</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5256_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adapts Slowly/Detects Static Stimuli</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(knot keeps man from falling = static)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>These slow-adapting receptors can detect a <strong>sustained</strong> or <strong>non-moving stimulus</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Merkel Disk</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(marker)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Located at Finger Tips</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(finger tips)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Found in the <strong>superficial skin layers</strong> (stratum basale of epidermis, papillary dermis).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Vesicles Released when Perturbed</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(releases ink when pressed)</p><p><br/><strong>Neuropeptides </strong>in vesicles are released to nearby receptors, creating action potentials.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Senses Pressure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pressure creases)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Detects Edges and Shapes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(edges, shapes)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p><strong>Deep static touch </strong>sensed by Merkel disks is mainly used to detect edges and contours.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Contributes to Position Sense</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(grid on canvas)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Afferent sensory signals contribute to position sense and proprioception.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Merkel Disk</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5257_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adapts Slowly</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(model is not moving)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Responds to <strong>non-moving (static) stimuli</strong> by continuing to send action potentials.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gap Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5246_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gap Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5246_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Gap Junctions</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(drawbridge gap)</p><p><br/>Membranous pore that allows <strong>passage of water and ions</strong> (water flowing in channel), connecting the cytoplasms of adjacent cells.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gap Junctions</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5246_1.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gap Junctions</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5246_1.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Found in Nerves</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wire)</p><p><br>Nerves use gap junctions to enable the <strong>rapid conduction of ions </strong>(Na+) in action potentials, enabling smooth communication of electrical signals from neuron to neuron.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gap Junctions</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5246_2.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gap Junctions</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5246_2.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Found in Heart</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(defibrillator)</p><p><br>Cardiomyocytes use gap junctions to enable the <strong>rapid conduction of ions</strong> and action potentials, which <strong>electrically signals for smooth progression of contractions</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gap Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5246_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gap Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5246_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Passage of Water/Ions</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water passing between gap)</p><p><br/>Effectively <strong>connects the cytoplasms</strong> of adjacent cells, enabling the movement of water and <strong>charged ions </strong>(and therefore, <strong>the flow of charge</strong>).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tight Junction</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tight wetsuit)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>It's a tight squeeze in there!</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Found in Kidney</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(porta-potty = urination)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Tight junctions prevent the leakage of waste, water, and reabsorbed nutrients between blood and urine.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Found in Intestines</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bulging belly = intestines)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Tight junctions prevent the leakage of water and nutrients, and block pathogens from entering via paracellular routes. </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Watertight Seal</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(waterproof suit)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Link Microfilaments</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(micro-film)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Microfilaments form the cytoskeletal component of tight junctions.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tight Junctions</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5254_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Link Actin Filaments</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(actor)</p><p><br/>Also called <strong>microfilaments </strong>(microfilm).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Connect </strong><a href=""https://pixorize.com/view/5244"" target=""_blank""><strong>Intermediate Filaments</strong></a></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(intern)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Desmosomes link <strong>intermediate filaments </strong>of adjacent cells together.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Desmosomes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dress-mosome)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Found in Muscle</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(muscle)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Help the muscle sustain tensile forces during contraction.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fastens Cytoskeleton of Adjacent Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rivet)</p><p><br/><strong>Rivet-like</strong> junctions that fasten the <strong>intermediate filaments </strong>(intern)<strong> </strong>of adjacent cells, <strong>increasing the tensile strength</strong> of the tissue.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Desmosomes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5245_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Found in Skin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(leather)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Helps the skin sustain tensile forces, preventing it from tearing/ripping.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5214_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5214_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sequence of Amino Acids</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(line = sequence)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Primary structure refers to the <strong>order of amino acids </strong>in a polypeptide chain.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5214_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5214_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Peptide Bonds</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(PEPper spray)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Peptide bonds <strong>connect amino acids</strong>, forming the sequence that determines primary structure.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5214_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5214_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Primary Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(premiere = first)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Most basic level of protein structure.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Alpha-Helix</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(helical staircase)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Common motif in the secondary structure. Hydrogen bonds form between a backbone amino (N-H) group and an backbone carbonyl group (C=O) 3-4 peptides away.<br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Alpha_beta_structure_%282%29.png/800px-Alpha_beta_structure_%282%29.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(from <a href=""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alpha_beta_structure_(2).png"" target=""_blank"">Thomas Shafee</a>, CC-by-SA 4.0)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Beta(-pleated) Sheet</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bedsheet)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Common motif in the secondary structure. Hydrogen bonds form between lateral polypeptide chains.<br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Alpha_beta_structure_%281%29.png/800px-Alpha_beta_structure_%281%29.png""/></p><p class=""ql-align-center"">(from <a href=""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alpha_beta_structure_(1).png"" target=""_blank"">Thomas Shafee</a>, CC-by-SA 4.0)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hydrogen Bonding</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hydrant)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Secondary structure formed by <strong>hydrogen bonding</strong> between the peptide backbone (hurt back).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Between (Peptide) Backbone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hurt backbone)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Secondary structure formed by hydrogen bonding<strong> </strong>(hydrant)<strong> between the backbone (carbonyl and amino groups) </strong>of nearby peptides. Contrast this against tertiary structure, which is formed by interactions between side chains, not backbones.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secondary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5215_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Secondary Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(secondhand shop)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Van der Waals Forces</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vandalized van)</p><p><br/>The "TERIYAKI" logo looks vandalized, right?</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tertiary Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(teriyaki)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Tertiary structure refers to a protein's <strong>3D structure</strong> as determined by <strong>interactions between side chains</strong>. It is driven primarily by hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions (i.e. by folding in water).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Between Side Chains</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(side chains)</p><p><br/>Tertiary structure refers to protein folding caused by interactions between <strong>side chains </strong>(R groups).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hydrogen Bonding</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hydrant)</p><p><br/>Hydrogen bonding is an important interaction between <strong>side chains</strong>, which may contribute to a protein's tertiary structure.<br/><br/><u>Note</u>: Don't confuse this with hydrogen bonding in secondary structure, which refers to hydrogen bonding via the backbone backbone.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Folding in Water</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water)</p><p><br>Tertiary structure is driven by protein folding in water. Non-polar groups face the interior of the protein, polar groups face the exterior of the protein.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Electrostatic Interactions</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(electricity)</p><p><br/><strong>Electrostatic interactions</strong> (ionic / salt bridge) is an important interaction between side chains and therefore may contribute to a protein's tertiary structure.<br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Tertiary Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5479_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Disulfide Bonds</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(diesel)</p><p><br/><strong>Disulfide bonds</strong> are an important type of covalent bond between side chains and thefore may contribute to a protein's tertiary structure.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Quaternary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5213_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Quaternary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5213_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Multiprotein Complex</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(multi-building complex)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Quaternary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5213_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Quaternary Protein Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5213_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Quaternary Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(quarter)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_0.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_0.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Responsible for Gross Cell Movement</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(actor is moving)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p><strong>Cytokinesis </strong>and <strong>amoeboid movement </strong>are mediated by changes in actin microfilaments.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>In Tight Junctions</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tights)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Actin Filaments</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(actor)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_3.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_3.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Dynamic with Treadmilling</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(moving treadmill)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Polymerization and depolymerization <strong>adds or removes actin from the ends</strong> of microfilaments. Adding on one end and removing from the other results in a phenomenon known as <strong>treadmilling</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_4.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5243_4.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Microfilaments</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(micro-film)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Intermediate Filaments</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5244_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Intermediate Filaments</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5244_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Intermediate Filaments</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(intern)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Most notably includes <strong>keratin filaments</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Intermediate Filaments</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5244_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Intermediate Filaments</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5244_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Found in Desmosomes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dress-mosomes, rivets)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Desmosomes are rivet-like cell junctions that anchor the intermediate filaments from multiple cells together.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Intermediate Filaments</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5244_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Intermediate Filaments</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5244_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Provides Structural Support</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(frame support)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Flagella</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(long tail-like flag)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Microtubules are the principal component of the <a href=""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule_organizing_center"" target=""_blank"">basal bodies (MTOCs)</a> of flagella.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cilia</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hair-like grass/reeds)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Microtubules are the principal component the <a href=""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule_organizing_center"" target=""_blank"">basal bodies (MTOCs)</a> of cilia.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Railroad Track for Dynein/Kinesin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(railroad track)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Microtubules serve as a "railroad track" for motor proteins like dynein and kinesin to move vesicles intracellularly.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Originate from Centrosomes (with Centrioles)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(CENT-ipede)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Centrosomes are composed of two centrioles, and serve as the starting points from which microtubules grow in the cell.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mitotic Spindle</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(spindle)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Microtubules form the mitotic spindle that <strong>separates chromosomes </strong>during anaphase.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Dynamic</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rapidly-moving river = dynamic)</p><p><br/>Microtubules change length dynamically as tubulin units are added and removed. Adding on one end and removing from the other can lead to a phenomenon known as <a href=""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treadmilling"" target=""_blank"">treadmilling</a>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Microtubules</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5302_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Microtubules</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tubes)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Long tubular structures that are made of the protein, <strong>tubulin</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Renin </h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6689_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Renin </h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6689_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Angiotensin </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(angel)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Renin </h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6689_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Renin </h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6689_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Renin </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rain umbrella)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Renin </h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6689_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Renin </h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6689_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced by Juxtaglomerular Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(jungle)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Renin </h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6689_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Renin </h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6689_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Low Blood Pressure </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(deflated tire)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulates Aldosterone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(alcohol store)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Raises Blood Pressure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(popping cork)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Constriction of Arterioles</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wringing red shirt)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Angiotensin II</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(angel)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Angiotensin II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5704_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced by Renin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rain)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced by Adrenal Cortex</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(arena)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulated by Angiotensin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(angel)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sodium Reabsorption </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(salt rim in drink)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Aldosterone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(alcohol store)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Potassium Secretion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(banana peel in trash)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Distal Tubule </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(distillery poster)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water hose in drink)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Aldosterone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5705_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Collecting Duct </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(duct tape)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Vasoconstriction</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(squeezing red tube)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Distal Tubules</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(distillery tubes)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Collecting Duct</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(duct tape)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Released by Posterior Pituitary </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(porcelain pitcher)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sponge)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Vasopressin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">ADH</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5706_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(adhesive)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Renin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rain umbrella)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Angiotensin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(angel)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ace hardware)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Regulates Blood Pressure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(popping champagne bottle)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Aldosterone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(alcohol store)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Vasopressin/ADH</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">RAAS System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5702_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(raspberry)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Outer Cortex </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(outer controls)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Blood Pressure Control</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pressure cooker)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Acid/Base Balance</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lemons)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Salty Inner Medulla </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(salty inside of cooker)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Blood Volume Control</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(measuring cup)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Kidney</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(kidney beans)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Filtration</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(strainer)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Waste Removal</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sink drain)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Kidney Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5694_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sponge)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Distal Tubule </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(distillery tubes)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Collecting Duct</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(duct tape)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nephron </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nerf gun)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Loop of Henle </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cooling loops)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glomerulus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gloves)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nephron Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5695_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Proximal Tubule</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(processor)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glomerulus </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gloves)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Bowman's Capsule</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bowl)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Filtration</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water movement)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Capillaries </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(red mesh strainer)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hydrostatic Pressure </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(faucet pressure)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Glomerulus</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5696_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Filters Proteins and Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(steak and kidney beans)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nutrient Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(food in processor)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Solute Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(putting food into processor)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(water inside processor)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sodium Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(putting salt into processor)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Proximal Tubule</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(processor)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Urea Secreted </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(yellow-stained napkins in trash)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Acid Secretion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lemon peels in trash)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Potassium Secretion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(banana peels in trash)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Waste Secretion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(garbage can)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Proximal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5697_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ammonia Secreted </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ammonia near trash)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Loop of Henle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5698_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Loop of Henle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5698_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ascending Limb Reabsorbs Solutes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ascending cereal box onto spice shelf)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Loop of Henle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5698_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Loop of Henle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5698_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Descending Limb Absorbs Water</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(descending flow of milk)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Loop of Henle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5698_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Loop of Henle</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5698_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Loop of Henle</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fruit loops)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Regulated by Aldosterone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(alcohol store)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Potassium Secretion</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(banana peel in trash)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Acid Secretion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lemon peel in trash)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sodium Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(salt rim inside drink)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Calcium Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ice cream in drink)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Distal Tubule</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5699_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Distal Tubule</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(distillery tubes)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Collecting Duct</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5700_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Collecting Duct</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5700_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Vasopressin/ADH </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vase)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Collecting Duct</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5700_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Collecting Duct</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5700_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Aquaporins </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sponge pores)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Collecting Duct</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5700_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Collecting Duct</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5700_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Water Reabsorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sponge)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Collecting Duct</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5700_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Collecting Duct</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5700_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Collecting Duct</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(duct tape)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gastrin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5719_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gastrin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5719_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Made by G-Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(G in gas)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gastrin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5719_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gastrin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5719_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Gastrin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gas tank)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gastrin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5719_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gastrin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5719_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulates Acid Production </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vat of acid)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gastrin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5719_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Gastrin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5719_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulates Parietal Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(piranha) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced by Chief Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(chef)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pepsin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pepper shaker)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Activated by Acid </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lemon marinade = acid activation) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced in Stomach</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(potbelly)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Pepsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5720_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Protein Degradation</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(steak knife)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced in Pancreas</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pan)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced in Saliva of Mouth</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(drooling)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Breakdown of Glycogen</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar packets)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Breakdown of Starch</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bread)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Amylase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5717_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Amylase </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ambulance)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lipase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5718_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lipase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5718_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced in Saliva</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(drool)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lipase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5718_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lipase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5718_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lipase Breaks Down Fats </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(butter knife)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lipase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5718_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lipase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5718_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced in Pancreas</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pancakes, pan)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lipase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5718_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Lipase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5718_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Aided by Bile</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(green juice)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Trypsin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tripwire)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced in Pancreas</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pan)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Activated by Enteropeptidase </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(meat cleaver = cleaved to activate)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Activated in Duodenum </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(deodorant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trypsin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5721_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Catalyzes Protein Breakdown </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ripping meat)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulates Bile Release from Gallbladder </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(green liquid from grass mower = bile, golf balls = gallbladder)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Slows Motility in Stomach </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(food coma, belly)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cholecystokinin/CCK</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ChiCKen)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulates Secretions from Pancreas </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(liquid spilling from pan)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">CCK</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5722_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Made in Duodenum</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(deodorant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secretin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5723_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secretin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5723_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Slows Motility in Stomach </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(baker in food coma)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secretin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5723_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secretin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5723_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Secretin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(secret)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secretin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5723_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secretin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5723_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulates Bicarbonate release from Pancreas </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(baking soda to clean pan)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secretin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5723_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Secretin</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5723_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Released by Duodenum</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(deodorant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5707_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5707_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>GI System</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sausage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5707_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5707_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Excretion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(trash can)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5707_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5707_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Absorption</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(absorbent towel)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5707_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5707_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Digestion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(meat grinder)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lipase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(butter knife)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ingestion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(eating competition)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Chewing</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(competitor chewing)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Esophagus </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(skinny necktie)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Peristalsis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mustard tube)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ingestion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5708_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Amylase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ambulance)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Forms Urea</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(leaking urine-like liquid)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Receives Blood from GI Tract</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(coiled tube = gut)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Detoxification</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(detox juice)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Liver</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lever)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produces Bile</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(green juice)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hepatic Portal System</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(port wine)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Liver</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5710_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Maintains Blood Glucose</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stored in Gallbladder </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(golf balls)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulated by CCK</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fried ChiCKen)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Bile</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(green soap)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Made in Liver</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(liver-shaped lever)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Emulsification</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(soap on fat stain)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bile</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5711_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Released to Duodenum</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(deodorant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Amylase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ambulance)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lipase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(butter knife)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Exocrine Pancreas</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(outdoors = exocrine, pan = pancreas)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Bicarbonate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(baking soda)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Release to Duodenum </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(deodorant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Exocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5712_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Trypsinogen </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tripping)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Reduces Blood Glucose Levels</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(low sugar label)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Insulin</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(insulated cooler)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Beta Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bottles)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glucagon</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(guacamole)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Alpha Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(avocados)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Islets of Langerhans </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(long handle = Langerhans)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Endocrine Pancreas</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(inside = endocrine, pan = pancreas)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Endocrine Pancreas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5713_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Releases to Blood</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(red sauce)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Villi </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rake)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ileum</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lily)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Jejunum</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(juniper tree)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Absorption of Nutrients and Water</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fertilizer and hose)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Small Intestine </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rubber hose)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Macromolecule Breakdown</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wood chipper)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5714_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Duodenum</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(deodorant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Large Intestine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(giant anaconda)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Absorbs Water</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(watery swamp)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Bacteria</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mold)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Breakdown of Carbohydrates</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bread)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Large Intestine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5715_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Synthesizes Vitamins</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vitamin bottles)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI Nervous Control</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5716_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI Nervous Control</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5716_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Inhibited by Sympathetic Nervous Activity </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nervous worker is inhibited)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI Nervous Control</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5716_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI Nervous Control</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5716_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulated by Parasympathetic Nervous Activity</strong></h2>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI Nervous Control</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5716_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI Nervous Control</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5716_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Enteric System Coordinates</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(entrance door, coordinator)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI Nervous Control</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5716_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">GI Nervous Control</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5716_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nervous Control of GI Tract</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(electrical wires surrounding gut-like pipe)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteoblasts</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6784_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteoblasts</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6784_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Consumes Calcium</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(consuming milk)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteoblasts</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6784_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteoblasts</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6784_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Builds Bone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(welding bone together)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteoblasts</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6784_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteoblasts</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6784_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Osteoblasts</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(BLAcksmith)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteocytes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6083_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteocytes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6083_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Communicates with Other Bone Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(communicating)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteocytes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6083_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteocytes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6083_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Preserves Bone </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(preserving bone)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteocytes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6083_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Osteocytes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6083_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Osteocytes </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bone site)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spongy Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6085_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spongy Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6085_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Bone Marrow </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bone marrow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spongy Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6085_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spongy Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6085_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Inner Layer </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(inside wrapping)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spongy Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6085_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spongy Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6085_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Porous </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pores in sponge)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spongy Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6085_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spongy Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6085_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Spongy Bone </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(kitchen sponge)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Outer layer </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(throwing out bale of hay)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hard and Dense </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hard and dense bale of compressed hay)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Compact Bone </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(compactor)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Haversian Systems </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(harvest)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lamellae </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(concentric circles)</p><p class=""ql-align-center"">The lamellae form concentric circles of compact bone cells in the Haversian system.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lacunae </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(locusts)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Volkmann's canals </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Volkswagen car)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Compact Bone</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6086_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Haversian Canals </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(canal)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Metaphysis </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(metal shovel)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Metaphysis Contains Growth Plate </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(metal shovel growing/extending the grave)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Diaphysis is Filled with Bone Marrow </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bone marrow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Diaphysis is Hollow, Central Shaft </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dark, empty grave)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cartilage Lines Epiphysis </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cart)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Epiphysis Forms Rounded Ends </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rounded gravestone sitting at the end of grave) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Bone Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tomb for skeleton/bone)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Epiphysis </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(epitaph)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Epiphysis Forms Joints </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(kneeling gravedigger's aching joint)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Bone Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6087_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Diaphysis </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(diamond-studded casket)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lacks Blood Vessels </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(discarding red gardening hose)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lacks Nerves </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(discarding roots)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Reduces Friction</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(slippery)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hyaline </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(HYA-cinth)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cartilage </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cart)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cushions and Reduces Friction </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cushion)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Chondrocytes </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(containers)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cartilage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6088_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Growth Plate </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(growing on plates)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tendons Connect Muscle to Bone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pulling meat off bone)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tendons</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(chicken TENDers)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ligaments Connect Bone to Bone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(crossbones = bone on bone)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ligaments</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(peg-LEG)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Joints</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6089_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Joints</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(swiveling joint on ship beam) </p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 2 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Use Glycogen for Energy Storage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sugar block storage = glycogen)</p><p><br/>Type 2 muscle fibers use glycogen for energy storage to quickly access glucose for rapid ATP production.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 2 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Glycolysis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(consuming sugar gel)</p><p><br/>Type 2 muscle fibers burn glucose quickly by way of anaerobic glycolysis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Type 2 Muscle Fibers</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(shoe = 2)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 2 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Used for Explosive Activity</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pole vaulting)</p><p><br/>Fast contractions by Type 2 muscle fibers are used for explosive fast contractions. These muscle fibers <strong>fatigue quickly </strong>after exhausting their limited glucose and glycogen stores by anaerobic processes.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 2 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>White Color</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(white clothing)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Type 2 muscle fibers are white in color due to their low myoglobin content (mostly anaerobic glycolysis).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Type 1 Muscle Fibers</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gun = 1)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 1 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Store Energy as Triglycerides (Fats)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oils)</p><p><br/>Type 1 muscle fibers use triglycerides for fuel storage. They are able to break down these triglycerides and produce ATP by way of their mitochondria.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 1 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>High Myoglobin Content</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(raised globe)</p><p><br/>Type 1 muscle fibers primarily rely on aerobic respiration by way of mitochondria for ATP. Therefore, they have high myoglobin content to hold necessary oxygen.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 1 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Aerobic Respiration</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(oxygen)</p><p><br>Type 1 muscle fibers primarily rely on oxidative aerobic respiration for ATP generation. They therefore have high oxygen consumption relative to Type 2 fibers.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 1 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>High Capillary Density</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(capillary cap)</p><p><br/>Type 1 muscle fibers have high capillary density due to their high oxygen demands.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 1 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>High Mitochondria Content</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(battery = mitochondria)</p><p><br/>Type 1 muscle fibers primarily rely on oxidative aerobic respiration for ATP generation. They therefore have high mitochondria content.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_11.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_11.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 1 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Red Color</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(red flare)</p><p><br/>Type 1 muscle fibers are red in color due to their <strong>high myoglobin </strong>content (aerobic respiration for ATP).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_12.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Type 1 vs. Type 2 Muscle Fibers</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6385_12.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Type 2 Muscle Fibers</u></p><p></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fast Contractions</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(moving fast)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Type 2 muscle fibers are used for fast bursts of muscle contractions. Think: explosive movements.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Innate Immune Cellular Responses </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(policemen)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Physical Barriers </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(shields)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>First Line of Defense </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(shields)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Response is Non-Specific </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(police respond to all emergencies)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Response is Fast </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fast cars)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Innate immunity </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(inmate, police force)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Secretions and Chemicals </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pressure hose)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Inflammatory Response</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(flames)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>The Complement System </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(complex, computer)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Response is Fast </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fast cars)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_10.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_10.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Response is Non-Specific </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(police respond to all emergencies)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_11.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_11.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Innate Immune Cellular Responses</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(policemen) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_12.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_12.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>The Complement System </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(complex, computer)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_13.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Innate Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5740_13.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Innate immunity </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(inmate, police force)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>B-cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Bow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>B-cells Release Antibodies </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Y-shaped arrows)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Response is Specific</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(superheroes have specific powers)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Response is Slow </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(superhero is late to scene)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Forms Immunological Memory </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(polaroid = memory) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adaptive immunity</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(superheroes)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>T-cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Tomahawk)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adaptive Immunity</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5741_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>T-cells Attack by Direct Contact</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tomahawk hitting ground)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Macrophages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5742_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Macrophages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5742_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Releases Cytokines </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(released food attracts other dogs)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Macrophages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5742_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Macrophages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5742_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Presents Antigens </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(present bow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Macrophages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5742_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Macrophages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5742_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phagocyte </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(open mouth)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Macrophages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5742_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Macrophages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5742_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Macrophages </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(macro-cage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Neutrophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5743_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Neutrophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5743_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Releases Cytokines </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(released food attracts other dogs)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Neutrophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5743_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Neutrophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5743_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Presents Antigens </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(present bow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Neutrophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5743_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Neutrophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5743_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phagocyte </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(open mouth)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Neutrophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5743_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Neutrophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5743_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Macrophages </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(macro-cage)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Dendritic Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5744_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Dendritic Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5744_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phagocyte </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(open mouth)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Dendritic Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5744_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Dendritic Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5744_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Presents Antigens </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(present bag) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Dendritic Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5744_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Dendritic Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5744_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Dendritic Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dental drill)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Histamine </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(history sign)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Causes Allergic Reactions </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(allergic sneeze)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Granulocyte </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pollen granules)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mast Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(master key, mastiff)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Granulocyte </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pollen granules)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mast Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(master key, mastiff) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Mast Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5745_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mast Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(master key, mastiff) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Eosinophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5746_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Eosinophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5746_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fights Parasites </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gummy worms)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Eosinophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5746_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Eosinophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5746_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Eosinophils </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(yo-yo)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Eosinophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5746_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Eosinophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5746_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Granulocyte </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gumballs) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Eosinophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5746_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Eosinophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5746_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Granulocyte </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gumballs)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Basophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5747_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Basophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5747_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Releases Histamine </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(history sign)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Basophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5747_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Basophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5747_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Granulocyte </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(spilling baseballs)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Basophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5747_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Basophils</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5747_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Basophils </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(baseball field)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Natural Killer Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5748_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Natural Killer Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5748_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lymphocytes </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lymph shaped vines)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Natural Killer Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5748_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Natural Killer Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5748_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Kills Abnormal Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(radioactive and death skull)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Natural Killer Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5748_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Natural Killer Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5748_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>NK Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nuke missile)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Recognized by T-cell receptors </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(recycling bin)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Self-antigens </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ant farm inside house) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Presented on MHC </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ants on mohawk) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Antigens</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ants)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Recognized by Antibodies </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Y-shaped twig)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antigens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5749_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Generates Immune Response </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ant pesticide to kill ants)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>MHC Class I / MHC-I </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(onesie = 1)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>MHC-I Displays Endogenous Antigens</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(inside a crib)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Surface Proteins </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(covering cloth)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Presents Antigens </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gift bow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>MHC Class II / MHC-II </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(shoes = 2)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>MHC-II Displays Exogenous Antigens </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(outside house)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Displayed by Phagocytes </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(biting dog)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>MHC</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mohawk)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">MHC I and II</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5750_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Displayed by Phagocytes </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(biting dog)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antibodies</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5751_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antibodies</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5751_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Binds antigens </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ants)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antibodies</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5751_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antibodies</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5751_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Antibodies </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Y-shaped arrow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antibodies</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5751_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antibodies</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5751_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced by B Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antibodies</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5751_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Antibodies</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5751_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>2 Identical Heavy and Light Chains </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(chains for prisoner)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5752_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5752_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Activated by Binding to Antigens </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(shooting at ants)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5752_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5752_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>B-Lymphocytes </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(B for bow) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5752_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5752_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>B-Cells Produce Antibodies </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bow releasing Y-shaped arrows = B-cells release Y-shaped antibodies)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Resides in Lymph Tissues </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lymph-node shaped leaves)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>B-Cell Maturation </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(making a bow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Undergoes Positive and Negative Selection </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(discarded bows)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Matures in Bone Marrow </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(made of bone)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5753_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Autoimmune Disease </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cut from broken bow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Presented on MHC II </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(moc shoes)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>B-cell Activation and Proliferation </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bringing more bows, releasing arrows)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cytokine Signaling </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(worker signaling for help)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Helper T-cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(helping staff)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Endocytosis </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gift bag)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Antigen Presentation</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wrapped presents)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">B-Cell Activation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5755_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>B-cell Activation </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(stringing a bow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Plasma B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5754_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Plasma B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5754_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Secretes Antibodies</strong> </h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(y-shaped arrows)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Plasma B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5754_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Plasma B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5754_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Short-Lived </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(low battery)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Plasma B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5754_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Plasma B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5754_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Plasma B-Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(plasma bow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Memory B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5766_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Memory B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5766_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Memory B-Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(memory box)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Memory B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5766_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Memory B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5766_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stores Information </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(polaroids)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Memory B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5766_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Memory B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5766_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Long-Lived </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(old age)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Memory B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5766_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Memory B-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5766_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Doesn’t Produce Antibodies </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(broken y-shaped arrow)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5756_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5756_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>T-Lymphocytes </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(T for tomahawk)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5756_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5756_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>T-Lymphocytes Activated by Binding</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tomahawk breaking egg) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5756_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Lymphocytes Overview</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5756_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>T-Lymphocytes Kill Infected Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tomahawk killing infected egg)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Naive Mature T-cells Reside in Lymph Tissues </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lymph-like jungle)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Positive and Negative Selection </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tribal selection test)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Failure in Negative Selection Causes Autoimmune Disease </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tomahawk self-injury) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Matures in Thymus </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(thyme)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Originates in Bone Marrow </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tomahawk made of bone)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>T-Cell Maturation </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tomahawk coming-of-age ceremony) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Naive T-cells Reside in Lymph Tissues </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lymph-node shaped leaves)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Failure in Negative Selection Causes Autoimmune Disease </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tomahawk injury)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">T-Cell Stages</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5757_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Positive and Negative Selection </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tribal test)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Memory T-cells Store Information </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(memory plaque)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Helper T-cells Activate Other Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(calling for help) </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cytotoxic T-Cells Directly Kill Infected Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(serial KILLer swinging tomahawk)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Activated T-Cell </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(stolen <strong>T</strong>omahawk)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Types of Activated T-Cells</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5758_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Helper T-Cells Activate Other Cells </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(museum guards on walkie-talkies)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ovulation</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(falling caviar)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The follicular phase ends with ovulation.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Building Uterine Wall</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(building wall)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fish)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>FSH stimulates the growth of granulosa cells.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oocyte</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(caviar)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Granulosa Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(granola)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Estrogen</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(women's health magazine)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Estrogen is produced by granulosa cells.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Follicular Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6300_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Follicular Phase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(follgers coffee)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Uterine Wall Breaks Down</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wall breaks down)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>When the corpus luteum degrades, it stops secreting progesterone and the uterine wall breaks down.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Corpus Luteum Degrades</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dead body of lieutenant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stops Secreting Progesterone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(blocking projector)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Luteal Phase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(debriefing phase of lieutenants)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Progesterone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(projector)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The corpus luteum secretes progesterone.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ovulation</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(falling egg)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The luteal phase begins at ovulation.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Corpus Luteum</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(body of a lieutenant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Luteal Phase</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6303_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Maintains Uterine Wall</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(maintains wall)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The corpus luteum maintains the uterine wall by secreting progesterone.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Luteal Surge</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lieutenant surging forward)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The luteal surge is a dramatic increase in LH.</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ovulation</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(falling egg)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fallopian Tubes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(falling tube)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Positive Feedback</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wife cheering)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>LH levels rise through a positive feedback loop with estrogen.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ovulation</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6302_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Estrogen</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(women's health magazine)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Epididymis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(expedition truck)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>After spermatogenesis, sperm travel to the epididymis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Spermatozoon</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(zoo sign)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Spermatogenesis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hatching tadpoles)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Spermatocyte</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(construction site)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Meiosis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mayo)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Spermatocytes undergo meiosis to to become spermatids.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Spermatogonium</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ghost)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Puberty</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(teenage boy)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Spermatogenesis begins at puberty.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Seminiferous Tubules</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(semi-circular tube)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Haploid</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(one shoe)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Spermatozoa are haploid.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_9.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Spermatogenesis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6290_9.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Spermatid</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tide stick)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Tail Propels Sperm</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(propellors)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Flagella</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(flag)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Head</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(head)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Mitochondria</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(batteries)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Midpiece</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fanny pack)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Acrosome</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(acorn)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lysozyme-like Enzymes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(penetrating acorn shell)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>No Cytoplasm</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dried fruit)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sperm Structure</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6299_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sperm Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tadpole painting)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Leydig Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ladybug)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Leydig cells produce and release testosterone.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Testes</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(man smacking his crotch)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Releases Testosterone</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dropping test tube)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Testosterone release is the second main function of the testes.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Seminiferous Tubules</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(semi-circular tube)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nurtures Sperm Growth</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nurturing tadpoles)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Sertoli cells nurture sperm growth.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Spermatogenesis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(hatching tadpoles)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Spermatogenesis is the first main function of the testes.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lieutenant)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Leydig cells are stimuated by LH.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fish food)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Sertoli cells are stimulated by FSH.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_8.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Testes</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6288_8.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sertoli Cells</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(servant)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Vas Deferens</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(vaseline)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Sperm are propelled from the epididymis through the vas deferens during ejaculation.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Epididymis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(expedition)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sperm Storage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tank with tadpoles)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sperm Maturation</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(maturing tadpoles)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Epididymis</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6293_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sperm Motility</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(jumping tadpole)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Amino Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nitrogen canister)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7170_inline_0.png""/></p><p>Adenine contains an <strong>amino group </strong>at the 6th position in its six-membered ring<br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>2 Fused Rings</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(2 cakes = 2 rings, extra icing = double bonds, "N" naval flags = nitrogens)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7170_inline_1.png""/></p><p>Adenine has <strong>2 rings</strong> containing <strong>four nitrogens </strong>and <strong>four double bonds</strong><br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adenine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(admiral)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Purine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pure ring = purine)</p><p><br>Adenine is classified as a <strong>purine</strong>, which is a general term for nitrogen-containing bases with 2 rings<br></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Adenine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7170_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>2 Fused Rings</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wedding rings)</p><p><br/>Adenine contains <strong>2 rings</strong>, a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>2 Fused Rings</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wedding rings)</p><p><br/>Guanine contains <strong>2 rings</strong>, a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Purine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pure ring = purine)</p><p><br>Guanine is classified as a <strong>purine</strong>, which is a general term for nitrogen-containing bases with 2 rings</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Purine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(PURa vida = PURine)</p><p><br>Guanine is classified as a <strong>purine</strong>, which is a general term for nitrogen-containing bases with 2 rings</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Guanine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(iGUANa)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Amino Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nitrogen canister)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7188_inline_0.png""/></p><p>Guanine contains an <strong>amino group </strong>at the 2nd position in its six-membered ring</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Carbonyl</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(car wheel)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7188_inline_1.png""/></p><p>Guanine contains an <strong>amino group </strong>at the 6th position in its six-membered ring</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>2 Fused Rings</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(iguana head and body = 2 rings, extra creases = double bonds, "N" stickers = nitrogens)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7188_inline_2.png""/></p><p>Guanine has <strong>2 rings</strong> containing <strong>four nitrogens </strong>and <strong>three double bonds</strong><br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_7.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Guanine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7188_7.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Heaviest Molecular Weight</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(heavy sticker)</p><p><br>Guanine has the <strong>heaviest molecular weight</strong> of the five nitrogenous bases seen in DNA and RNA</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1 Ring</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(top rim of blender = ring, blender handles = double bonds, "N" on nails = nitrogens)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7168_inline_0.png""/></p><p>Cytosine has <strong>1 ring</strong> containing <strong>two nitrogens </strong>and <strong>two double bonds</strong>.<br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Amino Group</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nitrogen canister)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7168_inline_1.png""/></p><p>Cytosine contains an <strong>amino group </strong>at the 4th position in its ring</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Carbonyl </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(car wheel) </p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7168_inline_2.png""/></p><p>Cytosine contains a <strong>carbonyl</strong> at the 2nd position in its ring</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lightest Molecular Weight</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(feather = light)</p><p><br>Cytosine has the <strong>lightest molecular weight</strong> of the five nitrogenous bases seen in DNA and RNA</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pyrimidine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pyramid)</p><p><br>Cytosine is classified as a <strong>pyrimidine</strong>, which is a general term for nitrogen-containing bases with only 1 ring.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cytosine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7168_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cytosine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cyclone)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Methyl Group </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(coal = carbon, 1 piece = 1 carbon methyl)</p><p><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7169_inline_0.png""/><br/>Thymine contains a<strong> methyl group</strong> at the 5th position in its ring<br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Carbonyl </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(car wheel)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""> </p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7169_inline_1.png""/></p><p>Thymine contains<strong> two carbonyls</strong>, one at the 2nd position and the other at the 4th position in its ring<br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Carbonyl </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(car wheel)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7169_inline_2.png""/></p><p>Thymine contains<strong> two carbonyls</strong>, one at the 2nd position and the other at the 4th position in its ring<br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Only in DNA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(double helical staircase = DNA double helix)</p><p><br/>Thymine is present <strong>only in DNA</strong> and cannot be found in RNA</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1 Ring</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rim of grill = ring, grill hinge = double bond, "N" stickers = nitrogens)</p><p><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7169_inline_3.png""/><br/>Thymine has <strong>1 ring</strong> containing <strong>two nitrogens </strong>and <strong>one double bond</strong><br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Thymine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(thyme)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Thymine</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7169_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pyrimidine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pyramid)</p><p><br>Thymine is classified as a <strong>pyrimidine</strong>, which is a general term for nitrogen-containing bases with only 1 ring<br></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Only in RNA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ribbon = RIBONucleic acid)</p><p><br/>Uracil is present <strong>only in RNA</strong> and cannot be found in DNA<br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Carbonyl</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(car wheel)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7179_inline_0.png""/></p><p>Uracil contains <strong>two</strong> <strong>carbonyls</strong>, one<strong> </strong>at the 2nd position and the other at the 4th position in its ring</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Carbonyl</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(car wheel)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7179_inline_1.png""/></p><p>Uracil contains <strong>two</strong> <strong>carbonyls</strong>, one<strong> </strong>at the 2nd position and the other at the 4th position in its ring</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>1 Ring</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bucket rim = ring, bucket handle = double bond, "N" stickers = nitrogens)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7179_inline_2.png""/></p><p>Uracil has <strong>1 ring</strong> containing <strong>two nitrogens </strong>and <strong>one double bond</strong>.<br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Uracil</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(urinal)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_5.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Uracil</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7179_5.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pyrimidine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pyramid)</p><p><br>Uracil is classified as a <strong>pyrimidine</strong>, which is a general term for nitrogen-containing bases with only 1 ring</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ribose/Deoxyribose </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rice boat = ribose)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7193_inline_0.png""/></p><p>Both nucleotides and nucleosides contain a central <strong>pentagon shaped sugar</strong> molecule that is either <strong>ribose</strong> or <strong>deoxyribose</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Pentagon Shaped Ribose/Deoxyribose </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ruby = ribose sugar, pentagon = molecular shape)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7193_inline_1.png""/></p><p>Both nucleotides and nucleosides contain a central <strong>pentagon shaped sugar</strong> molecule that is either <strong>ribose</strong> or <strong>deoxyribose</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Base</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(basic bleach)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7193_inline_2.png""/></p><p>Both <strong>nucleosides</strong> and <strong>nucleotides contain a nitrogenous base</strong> that attaches to the first carbon of the central sugar molecule</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nucleotide</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tide = nucleoTIDE)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""> <img class=""ql-image"" src=""7193_inline_3.png""/></p><p>A nucleo<strong>tide</strong> is a 3-part molecule that serves as a building block for nucleic acids and is composed of a <strong>sugar</strong>, a <strong>nitrogenous base</strong>, and <strong>one or more phosphates</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>No Phosphate in Nucleoside</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(parking ""P"" sign broken off = no phosphate, SIDEkick = nucleoSIDE)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7193_inline_4.png""></p><p>Unlike nucleotides, <strong>nucleosides</strong> <strong>do NOT contain any phosphates</strong> in their molecular structure</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phosphate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(parking "P" sign)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7193_inline_5.png""/></p><p>Unlike nucleosides, <strong>nucleotides contain one or more phosphates</strong> attached to the fifth carbon of the central sugar molecule </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nucleotides vs Nucleosides</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7193_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nucleoside</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(SIDEkick = nucleoSIDE)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><img class=""ql-image"" src=""7193_inline_6.png""/></p><p>A nucleo<strong>side</strong> is a 2-part molecule composed of a<strong> sugar </strong>and<strong> </strong>a <strong>nitrogenous base</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7224_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7224_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ribosomal RNA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rainbow, ribbon = RIBONucleic acid)</p><p><br/>Abbreviated as rRNA</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7224_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7224_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Produced in Nucleolus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(central dot in nuclear sign)</p><p><br/>In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed in the <strong>nucleolus</strong><br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7224_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7224_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ribosome</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rainbow zone)</p><p><br/>Ribosomal RNA is the main component of <strong>ribosomes</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7224_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7224_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Synthesized by RNA Polymerase 1</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(#1 ribbon)</p><p><br/>In eukaryotes, rRNA is mainly synthesized by <strong>RNA Polymerase I </strong><br/></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Synthesized by RNA Polymerase 2</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(#2 pencil)</p><p><br/>In eukaryotes, snRNA is mainly synthesized by <strong>RNA Polymerase II</strong> in the nucleus</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Forms Spliceosome</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(splicing knife)</p><p><br/>snRNA combines with various proteins to form snRPs, which then combine with other proteins and messenger RNA to <strong>form spliceosomes</strong>. These spliceosomes work to <strong>cut out non-coding sequences</strong> and <strong>join together the coding sequences </strong>to form mature messenger RNA</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Splicing Messenger RNA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cutting out pieces to make a message)</p><p><br/>snRNA plays a major role in a complex that function to <strong>splice messenger RNA</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Small Nuclear RNA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(small nuclear bomb, ribbon = RIBONucleic acid)</p><p><br/>Abbreviated as <strong>snRNA</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Nuclear RNA (snRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7229_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Part of snRNPs</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(SNuRPees)</p><p><br>snRNA combines with various proteins to form <strong>small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, snRNPs </strong>or snurps, that are a part of a complex that function to splice messenger RNA </p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Double Stranded</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(two ribbons)</p><p><br/>siRNA is unique in that it is <strong>double-stranded</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Small Interfering RNA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(interference, ribbon = RIBONucleic acid)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Also Called siRNA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(SI magazine)</p><p><br/>Small interfering RNA is abbreviated as <strong>siRNA</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>MircoRNA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(silencing messenger)</p><p><br/>siRNA plays an important role in regulating gene expression as it functions to <strong>silence messenger RNA</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Target Messenger RNA is Degraded</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(messages, thrown in trash = degradation)</p><p><br/><strong>Target degradation</strong> occurs by <strong>siRNA binding to target messenger RNA</strong>, which causes it to be cut into fragments that undergo further degradation</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""7235_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Requires Perfect Complementarity</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(matching socks = complementary)</p><p><br/>A <strong>siRNA</strong> strand<strong> requires perfect complementarity</strong> or a perfect match to a <strong>messenger RNA</strong> strand in order to silence it</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5169_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5169_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(singer on the 2-Factor show)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Emotion relies on <strong>two factors</strong>: (1) physiological arousal, (2) cognitive labeling.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5169_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5169_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cognitive Appraisal & Labeling</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(judge thinking and applying label)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p><strong>After physiological arousal</strong>, the brain labels the cause of this arousal with the appropriate emotion, using cues from environment.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5169_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5169_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Physiological Arousal</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(nervous sweating)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Physiological arousal (e.g. racing heart, sweating) <strong>occurs first </strong>after stimulus is perceived.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5169_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Schachter-Singer (Two Factor) Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5169_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Emotion Produced</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(winner celebrating)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Emotion is the product of both (1) physiologic arousal, and (2) cognitive labeling.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">James-Lange Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5126_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">James-Lange Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5126_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Emotion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Scream mask)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">James-Lange Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5126_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">James-Lange Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5126_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phsyiological Arousal → Emotion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(heart → scream mask; they are connected)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">James-Lange Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5126_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">James-Lange Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5126_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Physiological Arousal</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(heart)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">James-Lange Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5126_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">James-Lange Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5126_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>James-Lange Theory of Emotion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(James-Lange jack-o'-lanterns)</p><p><br/>The James-Lange Theory of emotion states that <strong>physiological arousal directly causes emotion</strong>.<br/><br/>Put another way, physiological arousal <u>IS</u> emotion.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5133_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5133_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Thalamus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(towel, "towel-amus")</p><p><br/>The Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion posits that the signals that produce emotion and physiological response must each pass through the <strong>thalamus</strong>.<br/><br/>It is also known as the <strong>thalamic theory of emotion</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5133_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5133_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Physiological Response</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(scared person experiencing physiological response)</p><p><br/>Physiological response is produced <strong>independently of</strong> and <strong>simultaneous to</strong> emotion (simultaneous, independent cannons).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5133_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5133_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Emotion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(happy / emotional person)</p><p><br/>Physiological response is produced <strong>independently of</strong> and <strong>simultaneous to</strong> emotion (simultaneous, independent cannons).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5133_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5133_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cannons)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Trait Personality Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(por-TRAITs)</p><p><br/>Trait theory states that such traits are <strong>stable over time</strong> (owner's pic does not change).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Five Factor Model</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Five Factor Burger)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Extroversion</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(extroverted store owner)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Agreeableness</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(shaking hands)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Neuroticism</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(neurotic celebrity)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Openness</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(open sign)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Trait Personality Theory and Five-Factor Model</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5155_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Conscientiousness</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(condiments, hard-working worker)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Personality / Behavior</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wearing the outfit)</p><p><br/>Social Cognitive Theory states that <strong>personality</strong> (i.e. <strong>behavior</strong>) is the result of both <strong>social factors</strong> and <strong>cognitive factors</strong>.<br/><br/>All of these factors interact and influence one another in a concept known as <strong>reciprocal determinism</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Social / Environmental Factors</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(social media model in exotic environment)</p><p><br/>Social Cognitive Theory states that people learn by <strong>observing</strong> others. These factors are termed <strong>social factors</strong>, or <strong>environmental factors</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cognitive / Personal Factors</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(thinking about social media model)</p><p><br/>After observing models (observing social media model) and learning from the environment / social settings, one then <strong>cognitively interprets</strong> what he or she observed. In other words, they think about it. What they think is then deemed <strong>cognitive factors</strong>, or <strong>personal factors</strong>.<br/><br/>Just because someone observed someone else doing something, it doesn't mean he or she will copy them.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Social Cognitive Personality Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(social media)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Social Cognitive Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5130_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Observational Learning</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(binoculars)</p><p><br>Social cognitive theory states that we learn from the environment by the observation of <strong>models</strong> (social media model)--i.e. other people--in the environment / in social settings.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Biological Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5129_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Biological Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5129_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Twin Studies</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(twins / lab partners)</p><p><br/>Biological Personality Theory often employs <strong>twin studies</strong>, which separate the influence of biology from that of the environment. Since twins have the same DNA, any differences between them can be attributed to the environment.<br/><br/>According to biological personality theory, twins separated at birth will have similar personalities--since they have the same DNA and hence similar brains.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Biological Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5129_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Biological Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5129_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Determined by Brain Structure</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(brain)</p><p><br/>Biological Personality Theory states that genetic expression determines <strong>brain structure and function</strong> (at least in part), and certain aspects of brain structure and function have been <strong>correlated with personality traits</strong>.<br/><br/>Put another way, your biology determines your brain, which determines your personality.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Biological Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5129_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Biological Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5129_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Determined by Genetics / DNA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(DNA model)</p><p><br/>Biological Personality Theory states that personality is a least partly determined by <strong>innate biological differences</strong>. These biological differences are <strong>encoded in genes / DNA</strong> and are therefore <strong>heritable</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Biological Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5129_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Biological Theory of Personality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5129_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Biological Personality Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(biology class)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Unconditional Positive Regard</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(good school)</p><p><br/>In order to grow the <strong>real self</strong> to the <strong>ideal self</strong>, the individual must be in a <strong>growth-promoting climate</strong>. That is, one in which there is <strong>unconditional positive regard</strong>.<br/><br/>This idea forms the basis of <strong>client-centered therapy</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Incongruence</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(bad pleasure island)</p><p><br/>When the <strong>real self</strong> seemingly contradicts the <strong>ideal self</strong>, such as when Pinocchio goes to Pleasure Island, one is said to be in a state of <strong>incongruence</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Free Will / Free to Choose</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(free to choose path)</p><p><br/>Humanistic personality theory is <strong>non-deterministic</strong>--that is, it believes in <strong>free will</strong>. The theory states that humans are inherently good and want to better themselves. They therefore have the freedom to choose and become more like their ideal selves.<br/><br/>This is the only personality theory in which <strong>personality IS NOT constant over time</strong>. That is, personality can change.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Self Concept</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(reflection in mirror)</p><p><br/>Humanistic personality theory states that their is a <strong>real self </strong>(Pinocchio) and an <strong>ideal self</strong> (reflection).<br/><br/>The theory believes in the <strong>actualizing tendency</strong>, which is an innate drive to grow / improve. That is, the real self strives to become like the ideal self.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Humanistic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5128_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Humanistic Personality Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(he just wants to be a real human... a real boy)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Behaviorist Personality Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5139_0.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Behaviorist Personality Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5139_0.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Punishment</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(punishing dog for bad behavior)</p><p><br/>Behaviorist theory believes that behavior is <strong>conditioned</strong>.<br/><br/>In <strong>operant conditioning</strong>, <strong>punishment</strong> is used to <strong>decrease behavior</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Behaviorist Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5139_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Behaviorist Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5139_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Reinforcement</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(giving dog treat for good behavior)</p><p><br/>Behaviorist theory believes that behavior is <strong>conditioned</strong>.<br/><br/>In <strong>operant conditioning</strong>, <strong>reinforcement</strong> is used to <strong>increase behavior</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Behaviorist Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5139_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Behaviorist Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5139_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Behaviorist Personality Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(behavior school)</p><p><br/>Behaviorist Personality Theory focuses on <strong>conditioning</strong>, such as <strong>classical conditioning </strong>(Pavlov's dog) and <strong>operant conditioning</strong> (reinforcement / punishment).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Psychoanalytic Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(psychoanalyst)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Superego</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(superhero)</p><p><br/>Ruled by moralistic and idealistic goals, the superego is the <strong>socialized</strong> (neighborhood watch) conscious component of personality.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_2.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_2.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Ego</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Uses Defense Mechanisms</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(shield)</p><p><br>Methods used by ego to shield from anxiety arising from thoughts or feelings arising from id, but deemed unacceptable by the superego.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Id</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Libido</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lips)</p><p><br/>Instinctual drive/energy that fuels the id toward survival, pleasure, and pain avoidance.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Id</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(kid)</p><p><br>Most primitive component of personality, entirely unconscious, and focused on <strong>pleasure principle </strong>and <strong>immediate gratification </strong>(devil).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Psychoanalytic Personality Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5173_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ego</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(eagle)</p><p><br/>Based on <strong>reality principle </strong>(real eagle), <strong>mediates between </strong>superego (superhero) and id (kid).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cluster B Personality Disorders</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(spelling bee)</p><p><br/>This is the "wild" cluster.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Narcissistic Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(narcissistic contestant)</p><p><br/>Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by grandiosity, an overly high sense of self-importance, and a lack of empathy for others.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Antisocial Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(anti-spelling bee protesters)</p><p><br/>Antisocial personality disorder characterized by social deviance, criminal behavior, and a lack of remorse.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Borderline Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(crying girl near border of stage)</p><p><br>Borderline personality is characterized by unstable moods, unstable relationships, and self-harm.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster B Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5118_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Histrionic Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(history teacher)</p><p><br/>Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by dramatic, attention-seeking, and sexually provocative behavior.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster A Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5119_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster A Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5119_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Paranoid Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(paranoid / hiding person)</p><p><br/>Paranoid Personality Disorder individuals are paranoid--they are often suspicious of others attacking or deceiving them.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster A Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5119_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster A Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5119_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cluster A Personality Disorders</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cluster "hay")</p><p><br/>This is the "weird" cluster.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster A Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5119_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster A Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5119_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Schizoid Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(skittles droid)</p><p><br/>Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a solitary lifestyle, and apathy.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster A Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5119_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster A Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5119_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Schizotypal Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(typewriter)</p><p><br/>Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by social avoidance, distorted beliefs, and "magical thinking."</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster C Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5121_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster C Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5121_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(obsessive / controlling teacher)</p><p><br/>Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is characterized by a need for perfectionism, rigid thinking, and a need for control.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster C Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5121_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster C Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5121_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cluster C Personality Disorders</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(see saw)</p><p><br/>This is the "worried" cluster.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster C Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5121_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster C Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5121_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Dependent Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dependent child)</p><p><br/>Dependent personality disorder is characterized by a need to be cared for and an inability to look after oneself. Individuals with this disorder are relationally needy, clingy, and submissive.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster C Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5121_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Cluster C Personality Disorders</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5121_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Avoidant Personality Disorder</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(avoidant / shy kid)</p><p><br/>Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by hypersensitivity to rejection / criticism, low self-esteem, and limited social relationships (despite a desire for them)..</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensorimotor Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5239_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensorimotor Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5239_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Object Permanence</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(missing baby sensor)</p><p><br/>Understanding that objects remain in the world even after they are hidden from sight/perception.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensorimotor Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5239_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensorimotor Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5239_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Object Permanence</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(peekaboo)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Understanding that objects remain in the world even after they are hidden from sight/perception.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensorimotor Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5239_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensorimotor Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5239_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Birth - 2 years</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(baby)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensorimotor Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5239_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensorimotor Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5239_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sensorimotor Stage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(baby sensor)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>First stage of Piaget's model of cognition. People <strong>explore the world </strong>by<strong> sensing (sensory) </strong>and <strong>moving (motor)</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Language</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ABC blocks)</p><p><br/>People in the preoperational stage learn to use language and think symbolically, using words and pictures to represent objects.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Egocentrism</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(everyone in family has kid's face)</p><p><br/>People in the preoperational stage cannot see things from the perspective of others (mom's favorite color = my favorite color).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Animism</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gave tiger pen to draw)</p><p><br>People in the preoperational stage exhibit animism, which describes assigning human intentions and feelings to inanimate objects.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Preschool Age (2 - 7)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(preschooler)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preoperational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5236_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Preoperational Stage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(preschool)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Concrete Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5237_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Concrete Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5237_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Conservation</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pouring liquid into different containers)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Understanding<strong> fluid is conserved </strong>when transferred between two different-sized containers.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Concrete Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5237_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Concrete Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5237_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Concrete Operational Stage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(concrete)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Beginning of <strong>logical (operational) thought</strong>, but only when applied to <strong>physical (concrete) objects</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Concrete Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5237_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Concrete Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5237_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>School-aged (7 - 11)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(school backpacks)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Formal Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5238_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Formal Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5238_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Formal Operational Stage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(formal art show)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p><strong>Completion (formalization) </strong>of <strong>logical (operational) thought</strong>, with application to both physical and abstract/hypothetical thought.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Formal Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5238_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Formal Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5238_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Abstract Thought</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(abstract art)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>People in the formal operational stage can think hypothetically and abstractly, understanding consequences and moral reasoning.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Formal Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5238_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Formal Operational Cognition</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5238_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Age 12 - adulthood</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(adults)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Obedience and Punishment</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mother scolding)</p><p><br/>Obedience and punishment are guiding forces in preconventional morality.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Preconventional Stage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(preheat)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Moral Development</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(stolen cookie dough = immoral)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Self Interest</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(selfishly ate all the cookie dough)</p><p><br/>Morality in the preconventional stage is guided by self-interest, by seeking rewards and avoiding punishment.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Preconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5227_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Usually in Young Children</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(young child)</p><p><br/>Kohlberg did not assign ages to his stages, but preconventional morality is typically exhibited by young children.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5206_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5206_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Law & Order</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(law enforcement)</p><p><br/>Obeying social conventions like <strong>laws </strong>is seen as <strong>unquestionably moral </strong>in conventional morality.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5206_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5206_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Conformity</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(copying bunny ears)</p><p><br>People's morals conform to societal norms/conventions, <strong>driven by the approval/disapproval </strong>of others.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5206_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5206_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Usually in Teenagers</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(teens)</p><p><br/>Kohlberg did not assign ages to his stages, but the conventional age is usually seen in adolescents.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5206_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5206_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Conventional Morality</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(concert)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Postconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5205_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Postconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5205_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Universal Ethical Principles</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(peace)</p><p><br/>Guiding force for postconventional morality.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Postconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5205_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Postconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5205_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Typically in Adults</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(adults)</p><p><br/>Kohlberg did not assign ages to his stages, but postconventional morality is usually observed in adults.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Postconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5205_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Postconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5205_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Postconventional Morality</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(poster)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Postconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5205_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Postconventional Morality</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5205_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Social Contract</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(trespassing to protest)</p><p><br/>Laws are <strong>social contracts</strong> between the members of a society, and <strong>laws may be broken</strong> as long as it serves the greater good.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Oral Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5207_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Oral Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5207_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Up to 1 year of age</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(baby, onesie = 1)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Oral Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5207_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Oral Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5207_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Urge to Suck/Bite</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pacifier)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Oral Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5207_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Oral Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5207_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oral Stage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mouth open)</p><p><br/>Erogenous zone is the mouth.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anal Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5208_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anal Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5208_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Urge to Defecate</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(messy toilet)</p><p><br/>People in the anal stage work to control their bowels.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anal Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5208_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anal Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5208_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Anal Stage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(toilet)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Erogenous zone is the anus.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anal Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5208_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Anal Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5208_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>2nd year of life</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(2-year old, tutu = 2)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phallic Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5478_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phallic Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5478_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Phallic Stage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(phallic eggplant)</p><p><br/>The erogenous zone is the <strong>phallus</strong>, or penis / genitalia,</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phallic Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5478_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phallic Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5478_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Penis Envy</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(girl wants the eggplant)</p><p><br/>Freud thought that girls in this stage develop jealousy about not having a penis.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phallic Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5478_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phallic Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5478_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Toddlers / Preschoolers</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(toddlers / preschoolers)</p><p><br/>The phallic stage involves young kids around 3 - 6 years old. You can think of this stage affecting toddlers / preschoolers.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phallic Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5478_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Phallic Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5478_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Oedipus Complex</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(girl complaining to father)</p><p><br/>Freud posited that people in the phallic stage aim to <em>possess </em>their opposite-sex parent. Specifically, he describes a child's desire for his or her opposite-sex parent, and jealousy and anger toward his or her same-sex parent.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Latency Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5209_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Latency Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5209_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Disengagement from Sexual Impulses</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sleeping = latent)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Latency refers to inactivity, and Freud believed that this period was characterized by an inactive sexual drive.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Latency Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5209_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Latency Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5209_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Grade School Age (7-12)</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(school bag)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Latency Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5209_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Latency Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5209_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Latency Phase</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(late for school)</p><p><br/>There is no erogenous zone.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Genital Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5253_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Genital Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5253_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adolescence into Adulthood</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pubescent teenagers)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The genital stage starts in <strong>puberty </strong>and continues throughout adulthood.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Genital Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5253_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Genital Stage</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5253_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Genital Stage</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(lingerie)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The erogenous zone is the genitalia, which creates an urge for <strong>sexual contact with others.</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of General Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5179_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of General Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5179_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Interrelated Performance for all Cognitive Tasks</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(connected battles on war table)</p><p><br/>Because performance in all cognitive domains is dependent on one, single g-factor.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of General Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5179_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of General Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5179_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Proposed by Spearman</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(spear)</p><p><br/>Psychologist names are low-yield, so only remember this if you're going for the top 1 percentile.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of General Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5179_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of General Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5179_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Single g factor</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(“G” for general)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Sole, broad-reaching measure for intelligence that dominates <strong>all </strong>thinking tasks.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of General Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5179_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of General Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5179_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>General Intelligence</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(thinking general)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fluid Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5182_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fluid Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5182_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Fluid Intelligence</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fluid)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fluid Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5182_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fluid Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5182_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Decreases with Age</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(old man left out)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fluid Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5182_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fluid Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5182_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Adaptive or “Game-time” Thinking</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(basketball game)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fluid Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5182_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Fluid Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5182_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>No Prior Knowledge</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(novice players)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Definitely not professionals here.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Crystallized Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5183_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Crystallized Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5183_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Increases with Age</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(young apprentice broke crystals)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Crystallized Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5183_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Crystallized Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5183_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Relies on Prior Knowledge/Experience</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(master craftman's books)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Crystallized Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5183_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Crystallized Intelligence</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5183_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Crystallized Intelligence</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(crystal in chandeliers)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of Multiple Intelligences</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5180_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of Multiple Intelligences</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5180_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Multiple Intelligences</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(multiplayer game)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Originally proposed with seven different types of intelligence: logical-mathematical, verbal-linguistic, spatial-visual, etc.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of Multiple Intelligences</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5180_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of Multiple Intelligences</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5180_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Independent Performance in Cognitive Domains</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(independent screens for each player)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Because multiple intelligences exist for different cognitive tasks, they are perceived to be separate and independent.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of Multiple Intelligences</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5180_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Theory of Multiple Intelligences</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5180_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Proposed by Gardner</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(gardener)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Psychologist names are low-yield, so only remember if you are gunning for that 520+.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triarchical Intelligence Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5181_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triarchical Intelligence Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5181_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Triarchical Intelligence</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(3 Little Pigs = triarchical)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Subtype of the theory of Multiple Intelligences, with only <strong>three intelligences </strong>(hence, triarchical).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triarchical Intelligence Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5181_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triarchical Intelligence Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5181_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Independent Performance in Different Domains</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pigs live in independent houses)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Since the Triarchical theory is a subtype of the theory of Multiple Intelligences, different intelligences still make for different performance on different thinking tasks.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triarchical Intelligence Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5181_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Triarchical Intelligence Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5181_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Proposed by Sternberg</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(storybook = Sternberg)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Psychologist names are low yield. Only memorize if going for 520+.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Mental Abilities</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5301_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Mental Abilities</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5301_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Proposed by </strong><a href=""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Leon_Thurstone"" target=""_blank""><strong>Thurnstone</strong></a></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(turning stone)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Psychologist names are low-yield, so don't focus here.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Mental Abilities</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5301_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Mental Abilities</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5301_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Primary Mental Abilities</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(matilda, mental ability)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Single intelligence (single girl) with 7 factors (7up)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Mental Abilities</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5301_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Primary Mental Abilities</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5301_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes 7 Factors</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(7up)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>The seven factors (low yield) originally proposed include word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial reasoning, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensory Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6068_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensory Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6068_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Sensory Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(motion sensors)</p><p><br/>First and fastest type of memory in information processing model. Temporary register of sensory information, like <strong>visual </strong>or <strong>auditory signals</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensory Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6068_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensory Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6068_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Visual (Iconic) Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(flashing lights)</p><p><br/>Iconic sensory memory lasts <1 second-long and is short temporary store of visual information.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensory Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6068_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Sensory Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6068_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Auditory (Echoic) Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(ringing alarms)</p><p><br/>Auditory sensory memory lasts 3-4 seconds and is short temporary store of auditory information.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Short-Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6069_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Short-Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6069_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>For Holding, Not Manipulating</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(fragile = no manipulation)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>In contrast to working memory, short term memory is thought to be for holding, but not manipulating, objects.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Short-Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6069_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Short-Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6069_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Short-Term Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(shortcake)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Short-Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6069_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Short-Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6069_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Lasts 20-30 seconds</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(30 second kitchen timer)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Short-Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6069_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Short-Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6069_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stores 7 (+/- 2) Pieces of Information</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(7-up)</p><p><br/>Short-term memory is thought to hold an average of 7 objects.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Central Executive Function Oversees</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(executive boss)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Working memory is coordinated by central executive function which cooridnates attention and task-switching between various functions, including the <strong>visuospatial</strong> <strong>sketchpad</strong>, <strong>phonological</strong> <strong>loop</strong>, and <strong>episodic buffer</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Visuospatial Sketchpad</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sketch pad)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Working memory involves the processing of visuals and manipulation into mental maps (e.g. imagining a cube or dice in space)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Chunking</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(paper shredder = chunking)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Working memory involves chunking, the breaking up of large amounts of information into smaller pieces to aid memory.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Phonological Loop</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(voicemail repeating message)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Working memory includes processing of verbal information, which comes from iconic and echoic <a href=""https://pixorize.com/view/6068"" target=""_blank"">sensory memory</a>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Episodic Buffer</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(buffering video)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Working memory includes <strong>temporal processing </strong>(e.g. understanding timelines) and integrating long-term knowledge into the current context.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_5.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Working Memory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6379_5.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Working Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(workplace)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Emotional/Reflexive Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(emotional celebration)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Implicit long-term memory includes emotional memory, which includes associations between certain stimuli and past emotions (e.g. hot chocolate triggers nostalgia for childhood)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Procedural Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(long-jump technique = procedural)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Implicit long-term memory includes procedural memory, which includes motor skills (e.g. riding a bike). This type of memory is <strong>stable with aging.</strong></p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Long-Term Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(long jump)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Priming</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(prime minister = priming)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Implicit long-term memory includes priming, where past experiences influence current stimuli.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Semantic Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rulebook = factual memory)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Explicit long-term memory includes semantic knowledge of facts. This type of memory is <strong>stable with aging</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Source Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(photojournalist = source)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Explicit long-term memory includes source memory of where information came from. This type of memory <strong>declines with aging</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Long Term Memory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6378_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Includes Flashbulb Memory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(camera flash)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Explicit long-term memory includes flashbulb or episodic memory of emotionally-charged events (e.g. where you were when 9/11 happened). This type of memory <strong>declines with aging</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Classical Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5300_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Classical Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5300_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Classical Conditioning</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(classic car)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Classical Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5300_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Classical Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5300_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Conditioned Response</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(dog putting head out of car window)</p><p><br/>The car door (<strong>neutral stimulus</strong>) has been associated with wind blowing past (<strong>natural stimulus</strong>), which causes a<strong> conditioned response</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Classical Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5300_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Classical Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5300_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Neutral Stimulus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(removed car door)</p><p><br/>A car door alone is a <strong>neutral stimulus</strong> (no natural response), that is usually paired with a <strong>natural stimulus </strong>(wind blowing past) to produce a <strong>response </strong>(putting head out window).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Operant Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5178_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Operant Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5178_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Operant Conditioning</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(opera)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Operant Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5178_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Operant Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5178_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Rewards increase behavior</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(applause, bouquets)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Operant Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5178_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Operant Conditioning</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5178_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Punishments decrease behavior</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(booing, thrown tomatoes)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Negative Reinforcement </strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pulling out arrow)</p><p><br/>Negative reinforcement refers to removing something (negative) not wanted by the recipient.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Negative Punishment</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(taking away enemy general's medal)</p><p><br/>Negative punishment refers to taking away something (negative) that is wanted by the recipient.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Positive Punishment</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(putting enemy general in pillory)</p><p><br>Positive punishment refers to giving something (positive) not wanted by the recipient.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Punishment</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pillory)</p><p><br><strong>Undesirable outcomes </strong>that <strong>decrease likelihood </strong>of behavior occuring again in the future.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Reinforcement</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(reinforcements)</p><p><br/><strong>Desirable outcomes </strong>that <strong>increase likelihood </strong>of behavior occuring again in the future.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Secondary Positive Reinforcement</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(giving coins to soldiers)</p><p><br/>Positive Reinforcement refers to giving something (positive) that is wanted by the recipient. <strong>Secondary reinforcers </strong>describe things that are <strong>not naturally rewarding</strong>, but rather<strong> conditioned or learned</strong> to be desirable. These may be exchanged for things that are naturally rewarding (<strong>token economy</strong>).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Reinforcement vs. Punishment</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6386_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Primary Positive Reinforcement</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(giving food to soldier)</p><p><br/>Positive Reinforcement refers to giving something (positive) that is wanted by the recipient. <strong>Primary reinforcers </strong>describe things that are <strong>naturally</strong>/<strong>innately rewarding </strong>(e.g. food).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nicotine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cigarette)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cocaine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cocaine, coke can)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Methamphetamine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(meth bag)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Because we've all seen Breaking Bad, right?</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Caffeine</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(coffee)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Stimulants</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6387_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Stimulant</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(wide awake)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Stimulants <strong>stimulate the CNS</strong> and <strong>increase sympathetic </strong>(fight-or-flight) <strong>functions </strong>to increase alertness and awareness.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Leads to Feelings of Social Connectedness</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(kissing at club)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>These hallucinogens may lead to emotional feelings of social connectedness, which has led to their abuse as "club drugs".</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>MDMA</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(tablets at club)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Also known as Molly or Ectasy, these drugs are often used as a club drug to increase social closeness.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>LSD</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">("acid tablet")</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Cannabis/THC/Marijuana</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(marijuana)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Hallucinogens</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""6388_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Hallucinogens</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(psychedelic pattern)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Hallucinogens are a class of psychoactive agents that <strong>alter sensation or perception</strong>. They may lead to <strong>hallucinations</strong>, which are perceptions of sensations which don't really exist in reality.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ascribed Status & Caste System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5186_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ascribed Status & Caste System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5186_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Ascribed Status</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(scribe)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ascribed Status & Caste System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5186_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ascribed Status & Caste System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5186_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Status Assigned from Birth</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(baby crowned prince)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ascribed Status & Caste System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5186_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Ascribed Status & Caste System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5186_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Caste System</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(castle)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>System of social stratification in which people are <strong>born into a social tier</strong> called a caste, where they remain for their entire life.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Achieved Status & Class System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5189_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Achieved Status & Class System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5189_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Reflects Personal Ability/Merit</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(putting 100 on board)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Achieved statuses are <strong>earned </strong>through personal ability.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Achieved Status & Class System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5189_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Achieved Status & Class System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5189_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Achieved Status</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(achievements board)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Social positions that are voluntary and <strong>reflect personal ability and merit</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Achieved Status & Class System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5189_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Achieved Status & Class System</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5189_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Class System</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(classroom)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>System of social stratification in which people are grouped into <strong>classes</strong>, which are at least partially <strong>achieved through merit</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Master Status</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5190_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Master Status</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5190_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Dominates over Ascribed Status</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(standing over girl taking notes = scribe)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Master Status</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5190_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Master Status</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5190_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Dominates over Achieved Status</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(standing over girl with medal)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Master Status</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5190_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Master Status</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5190_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Master Status</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(headmaster)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>An person's most important status, with the most importance in a person’s social identity.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conflict Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5210_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conflict Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5210_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Struggle for Limited Resources</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(check only for winner)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Because the loser gets nothing, right?</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conflict Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5210_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conflict Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5210_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Conflict Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(conflict = boxing)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conflict Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5210_2.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conflict Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5210_2.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Championed by Max Weber</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(web = Weber)</p><p><br>Psychologist names are low-yield, so don't focus here.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conflict Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5210_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Conflict Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5210_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Championed by Karl Marx</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(marker = Marx)</p><p><br>Psychologist names are low-yield, so don't focus on this.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Constructionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5252_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Constructionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5252_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Illness/Injury</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(injured worker)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Illness and Injury are social constructs, on the basis that they describe a socially created status of impaired ability to work, and a desire to get better.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Constructionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5252_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Constructionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5252_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Money</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(boss passing injury payment)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Money is the archetypal social construct, with no inherent value except for that given to it by people.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Constructionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5252_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Constructionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5252_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Constructs are Made by People</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(people building construction)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Constructionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5252_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Constructionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5252_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>(Social) Constructionism</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(construction site)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Exchange Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5211_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Exchange Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5211_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>(Social) Exchange Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(currency exchange)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Exchange Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5211_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">(Social) Exchange Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5211_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Selfish Cost-Benefit</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(worker pocketing money)</p><p><br/>Each person seeks to <strong>maximize gains and minimize costs</strong> in all interactions. Collective selfishness creates society.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Dynamic Equilibrium/Homeostasis</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(structure is stable, each part contributes)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Society functions as an organism, with each part contributing to the stability of the whole.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Structural Functionalism</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(structure, function)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Manifest Functions</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(MANager presenting)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Intended functions of a social system.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Latent Functions</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(latte, texting)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Unintended functions of a social system.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Structural Functionalism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5248_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Parts of Society, Championed by </strong><a href=""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talcott_Parsons"" target=""_blank""><strong>Parsons</strong></a></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(parts list)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Parsons was the father of structural functionalism, and believed different parts of society balance to form a stable whole.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Symbolic Interactionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5212_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Symbolic Interactionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5212_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Built on shared symbols and meanings</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sharing interpretation of X-ray)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Interactions share meaning, and the collective shared meanings (symbols) create society.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Symbolic Interactionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5212_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Symbolic Interactionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5212_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Symbolic Interactionism</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(patient-physician interaction)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Symbolic Interactionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5212_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Symbolic Interactionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5212_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Championed by </strong><a href=""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind,_Self_and_Society"" target=""_blank""><strong>G.H. Mead</strong></a></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mead)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Psychologist's names are low-yield, so don't focus here.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Symbolic Interactionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5212_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Symbolic Interactionism</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5212_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Proposed by </strong><a href=""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looking-glass_self"" target=""_blank""><strong>Charles Cooley</strong></a></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(cool-pack)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Psychologist's names are low-yield, so don't focus here.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Malthusian Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5174_0.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Malthusian Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5174_0.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Population Shrinks</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(people leaving empty store)</p><p><br>When the population outstrips resources, death rates rise, shrinking the population until it is small enough to be sustained.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Malthusian Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5174_1.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Malthusian Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5174_1.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Malthusian Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mall)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Malthusian Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5174_2.jpg""></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Malthusian Theory</h2><br><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5174_2.jpg""></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Limited Supply</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(empty shop inventory)</p><p><br>Postulates that human population growth will outstrip the supply of resources needed to support it.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Self-Actualization</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(top of pyramid)</p><p><br/>This is reaching one's max potential: self-aware, caring, focused on larger causes and a higher purpose.<br/><br/>It is rare to achieve self-actualization--only ~1% of people do.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Esteem Needs</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(self-confident tour guide)</p><p><br/>These are needs like confidence and sense of achievement, competence of skill, and recognition.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Love / Belonging Needs</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(loving couple)</p><p><br/>These are needs like the need to belong, acceptance from friends / family, and intimacy.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Safety Needs</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(safety tent and safety gear)</p><p><br/>These are needs like <strong>shelter</strong>, health, and resources.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Physiological Needs</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(food and water)</p><p><br/>These encompass basic physiological needs like <strong>food</strong>, <strong>water</strong>, air, sleep. These are those needs that are <strong>essential to survive</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Maslow's Pyramid</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5117_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Maslow's Pyramid</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(Mayan Pyramid)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Deviance</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(sitting alone at lunch)</p><p><br/>Departing from usual or accepted social standards/norms.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Labeling Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(label)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br></p><p>Labeling an individual as a deviant causes <strong>conformity to the label.</strong> Smaller acts of deviance (primary deviance) lead to labeling, which causes larger acts of deviance (secondary deviance) once the individual internalizes the label.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Strain Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(strainer)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Deviance results from a <strong>disconnect between goals and means </strong>of achieving those goals (real lunch does not look like picture).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Differential Association</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(mean ladies gang)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Deviance is through interaction with other deviants (e.g. cult, gang), who normalize deviant behaviors.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Deviance</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5202_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Deviance</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Violation of Social Norms</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">("No Rules" shirt = no social rules)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Role Strain vs Role Conflict vs Role Exit</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5185_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Role Strain vs Role Conflict vs Role Exit</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5185_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Role Exit</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(exiting customers)</p><p><br/><strong>Disengagement from</strong>/<strong>leaving </strong>a social role (people leaving their role as customer).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Role Strain vs Role Conflict vs Role Exit</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5185_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Role Strain vs Role Conflict vs Role Exit</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5185_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Social Roles</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rolls)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Role Strain vs Role Conflict vs Role Exit</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5185_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Role Strain vs Role Conflict vs Role Exit</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5185_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Role Strain</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(strainer)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Tension within <strong>one role </strong>(lone chef juggling tasks).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Role Strain vs Role Conflict vs Role Exit</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5185_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Role Strain vs Role Conflict vs Role Exit</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5185_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Role Conflict</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(conflict)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Tension within <strong>two roles </strong>(two people fighting).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Learning Theory</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Conditioning</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(rewarding dog for shaking hand)</p><p><br/>Language may be acquired through <strong>operant conditioning</strong>.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Learning Theory</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Imitation & Practice</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(imitating feathers)</p><p><br/>Learning Theory posits that language is a learned behavior, acquired through imitation and practice.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Learning Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(outsider learning native customs)</p><p><br/>Also called the Behaviorist theory of language learning.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Nativist Theory</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Biological/Innate Ability</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(pointing at heart, "its within you")</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Posits that humans are <strong>biologically programmed </strong>to acquire language.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Nativist Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(native chief)</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Interactionist Theory</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(interaction)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>In the middle ground between Nativist and Learning theory - believes <strong>both biological </strong>and <strong>social influences </strong>play a role in acquiring language.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_6.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Nativist vs Learning vs Interactionist Language Theory</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5184_6.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Nativist Theory</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Critical Period</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(critters)</p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><p>Language acquisition is most active and easiest during a <strong>critical period </strong>in<strong> early childhood </strong>(ages 2-9).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_0.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_0.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Arcuate Fasciculus</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(repeating arches)</p><p><br/>The <strong>arcuate fasciculus</strong> (arch) is involved in <strong>repetition</strong> (repeating arches).<br/><br/>e.g. "Repeat after me: ..."</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_1.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_1.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Broca's Area</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Frontal Lobe</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(front / head of table)</p><p><br/>Broca's area is located in the <strong>frontal lobe</strong> (front / head of table).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_2.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_2.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Wernicke's Area</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Temporal Lobe</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(finger on temple)</p><p><br/>Wernicke's area is located in the <strong>temporal lobe</strong> (finger on temple), which is on the side of the head (side of table).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_3.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_3.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><p class=""ql-align-center""><u>Wernicke's Area</u></p><p class=""ql-align-center""><br/></p><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Language Comprehension</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(listening)</p><p><br/>Wernicke's area is involved in <strong>language comprehension</strong> (listening).</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_4.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_4.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Broca's Area</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(broccoli)</p><p><br/>Broca's area is involved in <strong>language production</strong> / talking (spitting out broccoli). It is located in the <strong>frontal lobe</strong> (front / head of table).<br/><br/><strong>Broca's aphasia</strong> (expressive aphasia) is caused by damage to Broca's area. Patient's are unable to produce words properly, but they can still understand others.</p>
"
"<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_5.jpg"" /></div>""<h2 class=""ql-align-center"">Broca's vs Wernicke's Areas</h2><br /><div class=""ql-align-center""><img src=""5222_5.jpg"" /></div><hr id=""answer""><h2 class=""ql-align-center""><strong>Wernicke's Area</strong></h2><p class=""ql-align-center"">(worm)</p><p><br>Wernicke's area is involved in <strong>language comprehension</strong> (listening to speaker).<br><br><strong>Wernicke's aphasia</strong> (receptive aphasia) is caused by damage to Wernicke's area. Patients can properly produce words, but they cannot understand others (granted, the sentences they produce often have no meaning).</p>
"
"what is<span style=""background-color: rgb(220, 255, 220);""> Bose–Einstein Principle states? example?</span>""collection of the atoms cooled close to absoulte zero will coalsce into o a single quantum state.<br><br>AAMC question :<br><div>If only [I] is increased, then [ESI] or [EI] increases. This is an example of:</div><ul><li><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(253, 99, 107);"">A.</span></div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(253, 99, 107);"">the Bose–Einstein Principle.</span></div></li><li><div>B.</div><div>the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.</div></li><li><div>C.</div><div>the Le Châtelier’s Principle.</div></li><li><div>D.</div><div>the Pauli Exclusion Principle.</div></li></ul><br>"
The Ki or Keq does or does not change if you chnage the initial concentraion of the reactants?NO! Keq or Ki does not give a shit about concentraion change
what is Ki?dissociation constant which is similar to Keq
if the cnetral carbon gains a bond to oxygen but was attached to nitrogen in the first plave, is that oxidation?"No, look at this, <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">RC(=O)NHR'</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">→</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> RCOOH + R'NH</span><sub>2<br><br>in the reactnat, Carbon is attached to O and N which both are the moreeectronegativity, so from reactabt to product, the oxidation of Crabon did not chnage so its neither oxidation or reductiob <br></sub><br><br><br>"
"<img src=""paste-de55fab5732524388b434ac526a2f29bda6960cf.jpg"">what is this"flavin
"<img src=""paste-c85f7b926fecf1500e5f6bec67ff81de7e4acb26.jpg"">what is this""<span style=""background-color: rgb(220, 255, 220);"">ubiquinone</span>"
what is hess law?<ol><li>By Hess's Law, the heat of reaction will sum and be the same. The fact that the reaction can be broken down into steps will not change the overall thermodynamics.</li></ol>
if you break down the reaction into smaller steps, change the thermodynamic?"NO, <br><br><span style=""background-color: rgb(220, 255, 220);""> reaction can be broken down into steps will not change the overall thermodynamics.</span>"
"How does <br><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">maintains a large separation between the reacting centers affect th ereaction?</span>""reaction d<span style=""background-color: rgb(241, 205, 0);"">oes not occure</span>. why? coz they need to be close to react "
hwo do you compare the pressure of two fluids?formula?"<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-11 at 5.19.06 PM.png""><br>p = ρgd<br><br>hydrostatic pressure<br>"
pressure in fluids"<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);""> p = </span><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">ρ</span><em>gh<br></em>pressure id the roghayeye horney "
does a diatomic like Li2 has dioploe? no, beaseu it is an identical atom made it 
how do you calculate the number of proton and neutron in cation like Kr 86?you do not conisder the + charge in calcution because that just tells you there is one more proton compred to electron <br>so Kr mass numbe -atomic numbe(36 from period table)
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">molecular formula of the heterocyclic aromatic compound pyrrole</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">C</span><sub>4</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">H</span><sub>5</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">N</span>"
strcuture of pyrrole "<img src=""paste-2818901a5df775d7ca5680577a282ffa3e7bd53e.jpg"">"
if you are ask to caclute moles of gas at 0c and 1atm, what do you do and there is no volume?<br>"dude, 0c and 1atm is STP (<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 0, 101);"">273kelvin and I atm)?<br><br>just use pv=nrt and for volume use 22.4</span>"
i mole of gas is ..... liter at STP22.4 L at stp 
conversion of  M3 to liter M3*1000=liter
what does this amino acid notaion really tell you?"<span style=""background-color: rgb(220, 255, 220);""> L49S<br></span>first is the orignal amino acid<br>seocn one is the one that is mutated <br>so bascily this is saying luecine at position 49 is muatetd to serine "
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">mples from various time points of the proteolysis of TPMTwt were subjected to SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. Which figure best depicts the expected appearance of the gel?<br></span><br><br><img src=""paste-60006045e0460134e4b4fc9ed3d506ac0c8d4c9f.jpg"">"it is D. when we are saying it is proteolysis, it means that over time the intial proetin band needs to decreas. Alos, we have to look at the movement right. So lets start from A, when llok , we see that at tope of the gel, thats where the protein starts and there is nothing there so bascily A and B cant be true because we dont have proetin at the tail of arrow. so D is right becase it show at time zero, at top of the gel you had a proetin, and at % , the band (amount of protein) dcreased which is consistent with protelysis
"<img src=""paste-60006045e0460134e4b4fc9ed3d506ac0c8d4c9f.jpg""><br>can C be a proteolysis?"no, because for protelysis, the original band which is the one at time 0 need to reduce, cant stay the same
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">If the combined mass of the TPMT substrate and cofactor was determined before the enzymatically catalyzed reaction and then compared to the combined mass of the product and the cofactor after the reaction, the net change in molecular weight will be:</span>""<ol><li>TPMT is a transferase. It is transferring the methyl group from the cofactor to the substrate.<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 0, 101);""> Hence, the total net change in mass would be 0 g/mol.</span></li></ol>"
what is affinity chromotagraph?the target has a specific affinity for the column and after, we add free proteins to remove it
positive ion exchnageit attarcks positive charges but the column has a negtive charge 
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(220, 255, 220);"">Anion-exchange chromatography separates proteins with different ......(or negative versus positive/neutral charge) and the stationary phase has a ...chrage</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(220, 255, 220);"">negative charges /positive</span>"
what do you need to have to remove something from bilayer?"you need to be detergent with <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">ombination of large hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions</span>"
what happens if Kd of memerane receptor dont chnage after its removal from memebrane?it menas that protein is still in active state or native state and can bind to susbtaret 
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(220, 255, 220);"">The only way to tell for certain that a protein is still in its native state is <br></span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(220, 255, 220);""> to compare its functioning to the levels observed for protein believed to be in the native state. </span>"
enantiomers similir in density<br>boiling point <br>IR 
what is enantiomer diffrene in and smililar in "<ol><li>Enantiomers have the same<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 0, 101);""> physical and chemical properties.</span> </li><li>hey differ only in their<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 33);""> three dimensional arrangement of atoms</span> and t<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 33);"">heir interactions with other chiral molecule</span>s. They can differ in their smell due to interacting differently with chiral odorant receptors.</li></ol>"
"what is <span style=""background-color: rgb(220, 255, 220);"">continuity equation and when do you use it </span>""conitunit is <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 33);"">AV</span>azi which is Area*speed(v)=Area*speed(v) for fluid flwo in two diffreent sectiosn with speed and "
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">Ammonium formate formula</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">NH</span><sub>4</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">HCO</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">.</span>"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">Ammonium carbonate is</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">(NH</span><sub>4</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">)</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">CO</span><sub>3</sub>"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">Ammonium bicarbonate</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">is NH</span><sub>4</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">HCO</span><sub>3</sub>"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">Ammonium acetate </span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">NH</span><sub>4</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">CH</span><sub>3</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">CO</span><sub>2</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">,</span>"
what do you call NH4 amoinium 
amoinium NH4+
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">HCO</span><sub>3</sub>"bicarbonate
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">4CO(</span><em><span style=""color: var(--content-dark); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">g</span></em><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">) </span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">→</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);""> C</span><sub><span style=""color: var(--content-dark); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">3</span></sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">O</span><sub><span style=""color: var(--content-dark); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">2</span></sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">(</span><em><span style=""color: var(--content-dark); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">g</span></em><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">) + CO</span><sub><span style=""color: var(--content-dark); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">2</span></sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">(</span><em><span style=""color: var(--content-dark); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">g</span></em><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"">) <br></span><br><br><div>ased on Reaction 1, when 1.0 atm of CO(<em>g</em>) completely reacts to form carbon suboxide at 550°C in a sealed container, what is the <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 33);"">final pressure in the container.</span></div>"so we are looking for final Pressure and have initial P<br>Volume and temp is constant (pv=nRT) <br>that leave us with P and n <br>they are on diffrenet side of the = so P/n=P/n<br>NOTE: 4 moles of co2 is making two moles, and we have to consider all the gases in the container <br>so 1/4=x/2 =0.5 
what is Ki?"<em>K</em><sub>i</sub><span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);""> is the concentration of the inhibitor at which the reaction rate is half of the maximum reaction rate.</span>"
"how do you find Ki based on this graph?<br><img src=""paste-a8b8ca167c83291dee2148bf5e5685c58b687005.jpg"">"so Ki is when is the inhibitor concetraion at 1/2 max activity, so max activity is at 1, 1/2 max activity is at 0.5 and that is corresponds to 0.3 of MSC concertraion 
what does positive/neg and 1 mean in terms of Hill coeffecint?<br>positive measn its ndicates positive cooperativity so one binds , makse it easier for others to bin <br>neg means its negative so one binds makes it harder for others to bind <br>1 means no coopertivity 
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">As one MCS oligomer binds to the ATPase, it makes it easier for the others to bind, leading to inhibition. is it positive coppertivity or negative or non? what value of coopertivity thsi can be?<br></span>"this is positive coz when on ebidns it makse it easier for others to bind as well
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">A single MCS oligomer binds to the ATPase, leading to inhibition. is this coppertivity? value of hill coeffecinit?<br></span>"not coopertive, 1 
"<span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Aromatic-aromatic interaction is  </span>""<span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">(aromatic stacking, </span><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">pi</span><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> stacking),</span><b>A noncovalent attractive force between two aromatic rings</b><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">.</span>"
when do you see pi stakcing inetrcation between two aromatic
"<img src=""paste-28dc13b049c85c652a66c817382cd721a1739491.jpg"">"it sis e3-e2
how to find an accelartion in pullies "<img src=""paste-d64fa9991da22305499935acc79d569e95c2b681.jpg""><br><br>so it is just you find the F net which is mg and substract them and then divid it by total mass<br>F net/Mass total "
<div>An ice cube at 0°C and 1 atm is heated to form steam at 100°C and 1 atm. Ignoring heat loss to the surroundings, what part of the process uses the most heat?</div><div>(Note: Specific heat of water = 1 cal/g°C. Heat of fusion = 80 cal/g. Heat of vaporization = 540 cal/g.)</div><ul><li><div>A.</div><div>Melting the ice cube</div></li><li><div>B.</div><div>Heating all the water from 0°C to 50°C</div></li><li><div>C.</div><div>Heating all the water from 50°C to 100°C</div></li><li><div>D.</div><div>Vaporizing all the water</div></li></ul>ok two equations to remeber is MCaT and q=ml <br>when you are in the same phase we are using MC delta T and when you are chnaging the phase is q=ml <br>for A, melting the ice, it is q=ml, L 80g/cal (heat fusion <br>B and C both are  MCdeltaT, os it is 50 cal<br>D is q=ml= 540 <br>so answer is D 
formula of capacitance"<span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> </span><b>C = ϵ ⋅ A d</b>"
"formula of cpacitnace <img src=""paste-829975e73651571fef8b71bd21db75e27c9ee861.jpg"">""<img src=""paste-829975e73651571fef8b71bd21db75e27c9ee861.jpg"">"
"<div id=""kard"">
<div class=""tags""></div>
 charge on the capacitor is <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 0, 101);"">directly</span> proportional to the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">capacitance,</span> an increased capacitance results in an <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""increase"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> in the charge as long as the power supply voltage is constant.
</div>""<div id=""kard"">
<div class=""tags"" id='tags'></div>
 charge on the capacitor is <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 0, 101);"">directly</span> proportional to the <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">capacitance,</span> an increased capacitance results in an <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">increase</span> in the charge as long as the power supply voltage is constant.
<div> </div>
<div id='extra'></div>
</div>"
"<div id=""kard"">
<div class=""tags""></div>
 charge on the capacitor is <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 0, 101);"">directly</span> proportional to the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""capacitance,"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> an increased capacitance results in an <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">increase</span> in the charge as long as the power supply voltage is constant.
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 charge on the capacitor is <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 0, 101);"">directly</span> proportional to the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">capacitance,</span> an increased capacitance results in an <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">increase</span> in the charge as long as the power supply voltage is constant.
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"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">emoving the dielectric from the capacitor result in ... of capacitance</span>"decrease because according to C=EA/d, we are decreaseing the E
what is the formula between charge, capacitance and voltage Q=CV
"<img src=""paste-dd2c85e6a17b12751e95b3b0e90aca63ba02458d.jpg"">"for work, we need to find the area under the graph since w=FDcos <br>area = 1/2 100*20
based on a graph, if you find the area under the graph what rae you doing?you rae multpliy the Y and X axiss
if you are finding the slope is diving the Y /X axis
if your formula is multiply and you have a graph and want to find the answer to tat equation,<br>multiple= area under graph make sure for triangle to mutlip by 2 
anology "<span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.</span>"
backbone of RNA is attached to gether by phosphp diaster bonds 
nuclotides in the backbone are connceted together by phospho diater bonds
"<img src=""paste-b8df0ae049f038cf7770d6fdf84b739dfd21a72c.jpg""><br><br>what does thsi arrwo mean in terms of denature of that group"thsi si sigmoidal, shift to teh right means lower so it means lower denaturation or more stability 
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);""> acetate, propionate, and butyrate are exmaples of </span>"short fatty acid chain 
"<img src=""paste-1ba8c3da5de470e82698c9025166efd60f78dce2.jpg"">"thsi has to be its enrgy sours, so if the energy source is increasing 
which amino acid has a branched side chain?Isoleucine 
"<img src=""paste-384e815df9d093cf62ba26a01cf2ad78079ef5ec.jpg"">"A is an antiport so when you put 1+ in, it takes +1 out so there no net movemnet of charge<br>B it is trasnporting one positive vs one negative so in total is neutral <br>GLUT2 is moving glucose with neutral charge so it wont be a net chrage <br>leave you with C<br>
what does an elctrogenic movemnet does?Example?it creates a net charge during the process like <ol><li>The Na<sup>+</sup>–glucose cotransporter transports Na<sup>+</sup> cations and glucose into the cell. This process is electrogenic, as it results in the net movement of positively charged molecules into the cell.</li></ol>
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Can bacatria secrete eukaryotic proteins?</span>"<ol><li>Many eukaryotic proteins are produced and secreted by bacteria. Production of eukaryotic proteins in bacteria is a process often used by researchers to better understand the function of a protein or to produce the protein in high levels.</li></ol>
<div>n an experiment in which IBU alone was administered to normal mice in order to determine whether long-term treatment with the analgesic can cause behavioral symptoms of depression, what would be the appropriate control group?</div><ul><li><div>A.</div><div>Normal mice treated with an SSRI</div></li><li><div>B.</div><div>Depressed mice treated with IBU</div></li><li><div>C.</div><div>Normal mice treated with a placebo</div></li><li><div>D.</div><div>Depressed mice treated with cytokines</div></li></ul>for the cintorl you wanna give teh mice something that set up the basline iwthout that treatment so Normal mice treated with a placebo
can transformation be for virus?no only for bacteria
conjugation is for bacteria 
transduction is for virus
"<img src=""paste-7ff2ae2aab8e7963d9bf883e4cd658174a8afc87.jpg"">"b is teh answer<br><br><ol><li>Roman numeral II represents an interneuron, which serves as an intercommunication point for the afferent and efferent neurons within the CNS.</li><li>Roman numeral III represents the ventral root.</li><li>Roman numeral IV represents the effector muscle.</li></ol>
<div>In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction where enzyme concentration is held constant and substrate concentration is relatively low, which kinetic parameter will increase with the addition of more substrate?</div><div>(Note: Other than substrate concentration, assume no other changes to reaction conditions.)</div><div><br></div><div><ul><li><div>A.</div><div><em>K</em><sub>M</sub></div></li><li><div>B.</div><div><em>k</em><sub>cat</sub></div></li><li><div>C.</div><div><em>V</em><sub>max</sub></div></li><li><div>D.</div><div><em>V</em><sub>0</sub></div></li></ul></div><ol><li><em>K</em><sub>M</sub>, the rate constant of a reaction, does not change with changes in substrate concentration.</li><li><em>K</em><sub>cat</sub> is the reaction turnover number and does not change with changes in substrate concentration.</li><li><em>V</em><sub>max</sub> is the maximum velocity of a reaction and is a constant property which does not change with the addition of more substrate.</li><li><em>V</em><sub>0</sub> is the initial velocity of an enzymatic reaction. At low concentrations of substrate and constant enzyme concentration, adding more substrate will increase <em>V</em><sub>0</sub> until the maximal velocity is reached.</li></ol>
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Which cells express lactase?</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Enterocytes of the duodenal villi</span>"
<ol><li>Parietal cells of the stomach produce HCl, they do not produce digestive enzymes.</li></ol>
"mutaion in......<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);""> regions most specifically alter gene expression.</span>"" <span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);""> promoter and enhancer</span>"
"<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);"">A mutation in the coding region is most likely associated with </span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(248, 231, 230);""> mutated enzyme</span>"
raciaalization "<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-18 at 7.43.55 PM.png"">one group designates a rcaial identitu to another group, we have dmoninate and subrodinate <br>domante mor<span style=""color: rgb(148, 55, 255);"">e power full, an</span>d subordinate less powerl <br>exampel was that one group hold implicit and explicae negatiev masages about their health "
culture transmitions transforming clutkre information from One generation to another generation 
steretypethreat is when the perfomnace of the task negativly impacted because they told you BEFORE the task that there is a negative steretyoe about you 
what is content analysis?turns what to what? example "it is when you <span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);"">code and intrepret </span>and human shit liek media, oral trasncripts and shits tp for reasech<br>turn quality to quantity information menas you turn visual or test to numbers for data analysis<br> "
what is social movemnet and what impacts it may have when long trem collective action toward a social goal is social movemnet <br>it can be sucessul or fail <br>both can have an effect 
observatin analysisyou are just observing in naturala seting
when can you distingusih observation analysis from conetent you need to remebre that in obervation analysis you need to acess demographics 
opinio surveys do what and use what they use predetremined question and just ask your opinion about some shit 
random smapling randomly choosing from the pssoble [arctipants but if you see the word ALL is NOT random sampling 
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-18 at 8.01.33 PM.png"">"
teacher expectnacy is when the belief of teacher in student meetig teacher expections <br>EX: like techer think he is lazy and that resulrs in him acting poorly 
what is the diffrence between formal vs hidden ciirrculum?<br>it is tht formla is what is explcit and officila ot be thought but hidden us something that is implied aninformal 
what do we mean by pull factors that g=factors that pull peopel in and increase immigration 
push factro lead to Emigration 
what does obedince cmean menas to do somethung that is order from a suprvisor or some ass up higher than you eventho it seems unethical 
pbedinace exampel in research milgram experimnet that showed peoepl will deliver shock if the order is coming from authortaive figure 
factors correlated with increase obediance "<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-18 at 8.37.55 PM.png"">"
what is consenses in trems of oberdinec?it means obeying because everyone else is doing 
when is more likely for group polarization happen?when they memebrs have similar opinino befor group disscusion<br>group polarizatio is when they are ine agroup they make mroe etxrem attiture of action after group discussion (remeber moneky with skaetboard from sketchy)
what is group think?when groups arrives at incorrect or irratinaol shit, and if they get a long, fewere optiosn conisdered
True or fals: indivuals working alone come up with ferwer solution compred when they rae in groudp?Fals, why? coz peopel like ofool become social loafers when in group 
weight formulamg and it mean sthe force on the mass due to gravity so its litfer f=mg which is force on mass due to gravuty 
rotation equilibrium menas there is not rotation so total of clock wise and unclock wise of trowu are zero 
all teh pressure untisF/A= N/m2<br>or energy/volume = joul/m3 or <br>Energy=N.m so n.m/m3=n/m2
fluid kinetic formul and potentail i/2 mv2 truns to 1/2 pv2 <br>mgh=density*g*h<br>
resistibity defnation it means intrenal resistance within the volume
bernolis equation need to know"<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-19 at 2.59.26 PM.png"">"
what is  poisulis law?"it is laminar flow in pupies of incompressile fludis <br><div>
<div>
<div>
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<div>Determines the rate of laminar flow.
</div>
<div><img src=""paste-1bb5919cde5f17a22dfd7e84afab176895452df5.jpg""><br></div>
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what is cofounding varibale?"is the u<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 33);"">ncotrcolled</span> varibale that affect the <span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 0, 101);"">dependatnt varibal </span>"
realtio between cofoundig varibal, depenatn and independant "<img src=""paste-3c7c2cc2e414b784c5eefeaf79c2e2a549426c9b.jpg"">"
in thsi expample, the resreached used diffrenet blood vessles with invasive procudr, to measure pressure, what is the cofounding varibel,   hwo do you minizmie the effect of cofounading variabel?so cofounding varibale is an uncotrolled varibale that is suspected to effect the measuremnets. in thsi cases is the invasive orodcue, now if we want to minimize it, we have to perform an experimnet that diffres in the cofoudning varoabel , so i perfome an experimnet with non invasibe <br>but make sure that dependant varibal and indeoendat is still the same crap 
hydrostatic pressure and what does it depend on?is the pressure exterted by the weight and peoteinal eergy of the fluid <br>formula: pgh<br>so depend on teh density accelaryion due t \o gravity and Height (verticla deistnace between two thinsg 
what are voltage and I and R in parralet circutes "<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-19 at 3.53.50 PM.png"">"
series circuit realtion "<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-19 at 3.58.16 PM.png"">"
what happens if you blcok a flwo to one of the stuff in series/parralle, flow woudlseries=stop<br>paralet do nt give a shit 
equilibrium partial pressure of gasses(Partila pressure of product)raised to their stiochemitry/ (Partila pressure of reactnat )raised to their stiochemitry
euqilibribum constnat when you have a stocihimetry for the molcules in the recation you raise the molar concnetraion to that power, if you dont have a molar constraion, you can use pressure or antging that is propetional from Pv=nrt 
be careful about the dirrenece between resistant and equivalnet resistnace euqivalnet menas that they were added togther and the total shit is that 
what does solubility mean? max amount of the solute can be dissolved in that solvent at that specific tempreture 
does temopreture effcet solubility? yes, increae in tempreure, increase your solubility 
what happens to the componet of salt bridge in galvanic cellanode prodiues positive charge and attracks - chareg which are anodes, and cathode gain e, beocme negatiev so attrack positive xharge 
litius paper turnes... in acidic and .. in basicred, blue
if yiu rae comapirng the stability of two anion, what do you know I know that in trems of atiom, if they are in a row, more electronegtive more stable, nut if they are in the smae coloum, the bigger size is more stabel 
is flourine a good LGno beyas eof its szue
does constituetional isomers have diffrenet physicl properties?yesssss because of diffrenet connectivity 
net reaction does/does not have ekectrons does not
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-20 at 5.45.45 PM.png"">"
at half equivalnec point, whar is euqal what the thing that is being tritarted and whar it is turing to
at equivbalnec point, what is the concetraion of tsrating shit it is zero coz the entire crap is gone and turned to what we wanted 
at half equivalanec point what is teh volume of titrantits is half of its volume at euqivalnec point 
what is the carbonion stability when you have more subtituenst ?"<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-20 at 6.03.14 PM.png"">it dearces cos we are adding EDG and make it unstabel "
induvtive effect on carbocation and carboninon <br>"<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-20 at 6.06.16 PM.png"">"
what is statuc friction and what is its formula static frcition is whta it prevents from moving, and if exceed its vaue, we are ing to slip,<br>fomrlua: us*N (nirmla force)
how do you prevent slipping in something by increasing the static friction upper limit, so more force is required to get to that point and then sliding occure 
what does the static friction coeffcinet depend on?only the surface that is invovled 
static frictione prevent from sliding of the surcaes 
kinteic firction what is it and what is the formula?it is the friction when you are sldiing o each other <br>Fk=uk*F normal 
what is realtion between uk and us?kinetic friction coeffeciner alwyas smaller tan the static 
what does kinetci friction do to accelarion?it causes it to deacelarate
what is teh work done by friction?
what is the work done by friction ?it is basicly F.d but it doesnt give a shit about diplacmnet, it is all about the distnace and is negative of tje path taken so if you go up and then go down, fritioction force is the 2F.d not zero
does frcition depend on the area of surface of contcat dear dumass, no because remebr that kinetic frictio is uk * normal force which is either mg or mgcos on inlcined 
in Ksp, when does ksp increase or decreasif you shift toward reactnat, ksp decreases, but if you go toward product, it increases
hwo does tempreture is related to energy and frequency hoter, higher temp menas higher energy higher frequency and lower wavelength 
compund which smaller ksp menas they are less soluble, more responsive to common ion effect
what si formula for construcive oath lenth different?it is 0, 2X, 3X <br>x is the wave length 
UV visible range?<br>400-700 nm which is red to blue 
intenstity formual in terms of poerr and areap/A= inetenstiy 
intensity of the soudn in relation to areathey are inversly propertinal in square root 
"unplorizade oscilate in <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""all"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> directions""unplorizade oscilate in <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">all</span> directions<br>
"
what is polrized light?<br>it i swhen electric move in onely one direction 
how is wave length related to refraction?longer wave length , less passing from one medioum to another 
what do we mena by enzyme do not shift the euqilibriumthey do not effect net rate of reaction if you are already at euqilibrium
what does osmoregulation do it will keeo the constnat salt and water within the thing, so like if organism is in the hyootonic enviroment, the wtr goes to the organism bu osme do th eoppsite to compensate
self conceptour belife avout our selves
religiosity the degree to which a person inetrenlize a religion 
religious affiliTIONidentify with that religion but does not mean you live your life under their roof, like I affliate with bahai reliogion but i dont liv emy life according exactly to theri pricnciples
anomiemean A= no nomie norm so normless when society fails to provide norms 
multhusian theoryit says that population growth increase exponetialy when resources grow at slow rate <br>there are two things that I need to knwo<br>postive chekc and peventaive chekc<br>postive chekc increase death reath abd preventuve deacrse birth rates
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-25 at 8.46.04 PM.png"">"
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2023-06-25 at 8.57.37 PM.png"">"
Those with  are constantly worried and <b>stressed</b> to a point where it <u>affects their day-to-day life</u> for at least<b>general anxiety disordee 2-6 mobths</b>
what does life course mean for agin theory it menas that agin is viewed in trems of socual, biological and clutiral conetct 
theories of aging and their discrotion <u>life course: </u>multi discplinary that looks at social, biologcan and psyochologicak during life course<br><u>activity:</u><br>remaining physcial and socialy acitve imrpoves tge lief of okdr adults<br>disengamnet : wothdrwa from scoity and realtionships as scoiety withdraw from them <br>continute: try to maintanin the life style you had <br><br><br>
dependency ration "<img src=""paste-936b7d06dcb7539cfe1e0829a40a1c33ac2616b9.jpg""><br>below 15 and above 64 is the dependat and we divid by th enumbe rbetween these two age group <br>do nto take unempleoyment rate into an accoutn "
what does boiling chips do, wheer do you use it and when can not be usedboioling is to prevent superheating by providing nucleation site where SMALL not large bubles are formed so surface tension decreasesa and EVEN boiling occure so t doesnt superheat in simple and fractional distilation <br>CANT be used in vaccume distilation because vaccume removes the air in the boioling chip so we use stir bar insetad 
power foruma for elcetrcity P-=IV<br>or v2/R
formual for effective nuclear charge Zeff= numver of protine- number of core electrons <br>core elctron is electron minues valanec 
force in terms of electric field and charge electric field= F/Q so E.Q=force <br>F=ma <br>a=F/a<br>E.Q/a <br>E=V/D
transesterificationis when alcohol attack an ester, make the ester O wiyj its crap leave and R group of a;cohol get attacjed to the double bodn 
hwo do you sperate twp similra crap in chromotograph give them more time to inetract with staionary phase like making the columne longer 
what can detremine if something is mostly redailty deportainate?if it is teh most acidic 
why cant tertiary alcohol be oxidizedbecause they dont have a bond to H and they are in tehir highest oxidation state
does stop anti codon is brought by tRNA? how do you findth last one brought by tRNA?the stop codon is recognzied by realses factor, nit tRNA so if we are looking for naticodon that is brought by tRNA we ned to look for stop codon and take last three before stop codn 
what is anticodon it is the three sets of letter on the tRNA 
what is advnate of having a loner loo p of henel?maximize water abosrbtion 
hwo does unstaruatio effect fluidity?more unstaruation, more kinkc more fluid 
? trans or cis?<br>which make the memebrane more fluiddef cis coz it smore kinki 
two energy sources that brain uses it is ketone bodies which are ecxess acetyl coa and the gf\glucose o
name two group that ttache tp phoshpate head of phosholipi and have positive charge choline and ethanolamin an dmake the overll head neurtral 
two group attaceh to phoshpate head that hasneurtrsl charge serine, glycerol and insoitol
hydrolizle lipid need to have what are the exampel of hydro and non hydro lipidsneed ESTER linkage coz that shwat the liapes breaks down <br>hydro: triacylglecerol, wax and sphinog<br>non: chlosetrol, steroid and KEDA viatmin 
liver fucntions bie production , glycogen storage, detoxificationa of drug 
CHARACTRSI OF PROTOONCOGEN AND TUMER SUPROSSOR IN canerprotooncogene become actived and tumepro suproes becom Inacrivated 
whta is a standing wave it is a wave that has one boundary at on eend and when th ewave hit the boundary, you will get tranfered back but inevrted thaand it becomes inetrfernce 
... and ... is detremined by frequency of standing wavesnodes and antinode<br>at fundemental frquenc: 2 anti and one node<br>2X of frequenc= 3 anti 2 node 
what is lactonzation ?<br>is the creating of cyclic ester which is called lactone ofrom carboxyl acid and alcohol<br>
what is teh ixdation state of Zn, Al and ag?<br>zn=+2,<br>Ag=+1<br>Al=+3
mechanical equiibrium it is when no net force is there so F net =0
pathwwasy in MT and cytcosol and in both name them "<img src=""paste-d3f9c204b1538fe4aab696566fc8ff9ca210c2d9.jpg"">"
what happens to MT membrane potential when protons are pumped across and what happedn when it doesnt pul propelt and how can we fix this<br>when pupming H, we have moe H outside so memebrane potential increases. if dont pupm properly, memebrane potential is decreasing so we need to increase the ETC and inorde to that we need morr FADH2 and NADH 
what is overconfidence biashe overconfidence bias occurs when the degree to which people are sure of their belief is greater than the accuracy of that belief (ie, people overestimate their subjective knowledge compared to objective facts).
what is gratification <strong>Gentrification</strong> is the <strong>redevelopment</strong> of lower-income <strong>urban</strong> (city) neighborhoods that occurs in conjunction with an influx of higher-income individuals, resulting in the <strong>displacement</strong> of <strong>lower-income residents</strong>.<br>s higher-income individuals move to a lower-income neighborhood, it is redeveloped (ie, new/improved homes and businesses) and housing prices increase.  No longer able to afford to live in their neighborhood, lower-income residents are displaced (forced to move), and the influx of higher-income individuals and redevelopment continues.  This cycle gradually transforms lower-income urban neighborhoods into higher-income urban
what is the the prssure volume loop in the heartit is teh graph of pressure vs stroke volume <br>stroke volume is the v max - v min <br>and we have to make sure the P max and P min is also correct 
what is oulse pressure and hwo do you know whta is systolic and diastolic pressure "Pulse pressure equals the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures.  The systolic pressure is the m<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 33);"">aximum blood pressure in the aorta, </span>and the d<span style=""background-color: rgb(74, 244, 0);"">iastolic pressure is the minimum pressure in the aorta.</span>"
"what is the forumal for <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 33);"">doppler shift?</span>"<div>he value of Δ<em>f</em> can be approximated from <em>f</em><sub>s</sub>, the <strong>relative velocity</strong> Δ<em>v</em>, and the <strong>speed of sound</strong> <em>c</em>:</div><div>∆f≈fs⋅∆v/c</div><div>This equation can be rearranged to solve for Δ<em>v</em>, yielding:</div><div><br></div>
ll <strong>bond dissociation energy</strong> is and .....with <strong>each additional π bond</strong>.(ie, the total energy required to break the σ bond and any π bonds) ,  <strong>increases</strong> (relative to a single bond) 
"<strong>small</strong> <em><strong>K</strong></em><sub><strong>d</strong></sub> indicates a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">low tendency for the complex to break apart and correspon</span>ds to a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""high"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span><strong> affinity</strong> because only a small amount of ligand is required to achieve a high amount of binding.
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<div class=""clozefield""><strong>small</strong> <em><strong>K</strong></em><sub><strong>d</strong></sub> indicates a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">low tendency for the complex to break apart and correspon</span>ds to a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">high</span><strong> affinity</strong> because only a small amount of ligand is required to achieve a high amount of binding.</div>
<!-- ############## EDIT CLOZE DURING REVIEW ##############
-change below (not above) to ""edit:cloze:Text"" for editable field, but be sure to have the correct add-on installed-->
<div class=""editcloze""><strong>small</strong> <em><strong>K</strong></em><sub><strong>d</strong></sub> indicates a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">low tendency for the complex to break apart and correspon</span>ds to a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">high</span><strong> affinity</strong> because only a small amount of ligand is required to achieve a high amount of binding.</div>
<!-- ############## TEXT-TO-SPEECH ##############
replace the arrows/dashes from the statement below with double brackets-->
<!--tts en_US voices=Apple_Samantha speed=1.4:cloze-only:Text-->
<hr>
<!-- ############## SHOW HINTS AUTOMATICALLY ##############
For instructions on how to show a field automatically, visit www.ankingmed.com/faq and type ""show hint"" into the search bar -->
<!-- LECTURE NOTES FIELD -->
<div id=""button-ln"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
</div>
<!-- MISSED QUESTIONS FIELD -->
<div id=""button-mq"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
</div>
<!-- EXTRA FIELD -->
<p></p><br>
<div id=""testscroll""></div>
<!-- PIXORIZE FIELD -->
<div id=""button-pixorize"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
<!-- pix bar start -->
<!-- pix bar end -->
<br>
<!-- last div for pixorize -->
</div>
<!-- ADDITIONAL RESOURCES FIELD -->
<div id=""button-ar"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
</div>
<script>
//HINT REVEALS
function myFunction(divid, id, divid) {
var x = document.getElementById(divid), y = document.getElementById(id), z = document.getElementById(divid);
if (x.style.display == ""none"")
{
x.style.display = ""block""; y.style.display = ""none""; z.scrollToId;
}
else {
x.style.display = ""none""; y.style.display = ""inline-block"";
}
if (ScrollToHint){
z.scrollIntoView({
behavior: ""smooth"", //""auto"" for instant scrolling
block: ""start"",
inline: ""nearest""
}); }
}
document.onkeydown = function(evt) {
evt = evt || window.event;
if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == lecturenotes) {
myFunction('button-ln', 'hint-ln', 'button-ln')} if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == missedQ) {
myFunction('button-mq', 'hint-mq', 'button-mq')}
if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == pixorize) {
myFunction('button-pixorize', 'hint-pixorize', 'button-pixorize')}
if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == additional) {
myFunction('button-ar', 'hint-ar', 'button-ar')}
if (evt.keyCode == OpenCloseAll) {
try{myFunction('button-ar', 'hint-ar', 'button-ar');}
finally{try{myFunction('button-pixorize', 'hint-pixorize', 'button-pixorize');}
finally{try{myFunction('button-mq', 'hint-mq', 'button-mq');}
finally{myFunction('button-ln', 'hint-ln', 'button-ln');}}}
}
}
</script>
<br>
<br>
<script>
//ENTER THE TAG TERM WHICH, WHEN PRESENT, WILL TRIGGER A RED BACKGROUND
var tagID
</script>
<div id=""pic""><a href=""https://www.ankingmed.com"">
<img src=""_AnKingRound.png"" alt=""The AnKing"" style=""height:50px;border:0;position:fixed;bottom:10px;right:10px;"">
</a></div>
<!-- WIKIPEDIA SEARCHES -->
<div id=""popup-container"">
<button id=""close-popup-btn"" onclick=""closePopup(true)"">×</button>
<a id=""open-wiki-btn"" href="""">↪</a>
<div id=""tc""></div>
<div id=""fadebottom_v""></div>
<div id=""ic""><img id=""popup-image""></div>
</div>
<script>
function getSummaryFor(word) {
word = word.replace(/^[\.,\/#\!$%\^&\*;:{}=\-_`~()\'\s]+|[\.,\/#\!$%\^&\*;:{}=\-_`~()\'\s]+$/g, """");
var pc = document.getElementById(""popup-container"");
var hc = document.getElementById(""hc"");
var tc = document.getElementById(""tc"");
var ic = document.getElementById(""ic"");
var imgelem = document.getElementById(""popup-image"");
imgelem.src = """";
var shortsum ="""";
fetch(""https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/page/summary/"" + word).then(function(response) {return response.json();}).then(function(response) {
shortsum = response.description;
shortsum = shortsum.replace(/(Disambiguation.*)/g, ""Disambiguation"");
tc.innerHTML = ""<span id='hc'>"" +capfl(shortsum) + ""</span>"" +""\n"" +response.extract_html + ""\n"";
tc.style.width = ""420px"";
if (response.extract_html && !response.extract.endsWith(""to:"")){
pc.style.display = ""block"";
document.getElementById(""open-wiki-btn"").href = response.content_urls.desktop.page;
}else{pc.style.display = ""none"";}
if (!response.thumbnail.source || response.type ===""disambiguation""){
tc.style.width = ""420px"";
}else{tc.style.width=""300px"";imgelem.src = response.thumbnail.source;}
}).catch(function(error) {console.log(error);});}
function closePopup(deselectAlso=false){
pcc.style.display = 'none';
if (deselectAlso){clearSelection();}
}
var pcc = document.getElementById(""popup-container"");
var prevSel = """";
document.addEventListener('click', function() {
var currentSelection = getSelectionText();
if (currentSelection !==""""){prevSel = currentSelection;}
if (currentSelection && !mustClickW ){
getSummaryFor(currentSelection);
}else{closePopup();}
});
document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
if(e.key ==""w""){hhh
if(pcc.style.display ===""block""){closePopup();}else{getSummaryFor(prevSel);}
}
});
function getSelectionText() {
var text = """";
if (window.getSelection) {
text = window.getSelection().toString();
} else if (document.selection && document.selection.type != ""Control"") { text = document.selection.createRange().text;}
return text;
}
function capfl(s) {
return s.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + s.slice(1);
}
function clearSelection(){
if (window.getSelection) {window.getSelection().removeAllRanges();}
else if (document.selection) {document.selection.empty();}
}
//CUSTOMIZATION
//this is a variable controlling whether user must click the ""w"" key to open the popup.
//if set to true: user must select text, then click the ""w"" key to open wikipedia popup. Clicking ""w"" key again will close the popup. //if set to false: user only needs to select text. popup will open automatically. Clicking ""w"" is an alternative but not obligatory way of opening/closing the popup in this mode.
//BELOW SET to true or to false. var mustClickW = true;
//END CUSTOMIZATION
</script>"
"<strong>small</strong> <em><strong>K</strong></em><sub><strong>d</strong></sub> indicates a <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""low tendency for the complex to break apart and correspon"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>ds to a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">high</span><strong> affinity</strong> because only a small amount of ligand is required to achieve a high amount of binding.
<!-- ############## Text-to-speech ##############
replace the arrows/dashes from the statement below with double brackets-->
<!--tts en_US voices=Apple_Samantha speed=1.4:cloze:Text-->
<script>
//ENTER THE TAG TERM WHICH, WHEN PRESENT, WILL TRIGGER A RED BACKGROUND
var tagID = ""XXXYYYZZZ""
</script>
<div class=""timer"" id=""s2""></div>
<script>
//############## TIMER CONFIGURATION START ##############
//Set Timer Length
var minutes = 0
var seconds = 9
//############## TIMER CONFIGURATION END ##############
function countdown( elementName, minutes, seconds )
{
var element, endTime, hours, mins, msLeft, time;
function twoDigits( n )
{
return (n <= 9 ? ""0"" + n : n); }
function updateTimer()
{
msLeft = endTime - (+new Date);
//USER CUSTOMIZATION- you can edit color and text of the 'time expired' readout under the element.innerHTML
if ( msLeft < 1000 ) {
element.innerHTML = ""<span style='color:#CC5B5B'>!<br/>!<br/>!<br/>!<br/>!<br/>!</span>"";
} else {
time = new Date( msLeft );
hours = time.getUTCHours();
mins = time.getUTCMinutes();
element.innerHTML = (hours ? hours + ':' + twoDigits( mins ) : mins) + ':' + twoDigits( time.getUTCSeconds() );
setTimeout( updateTimer, time.getUTCMilliseconds() + 500 );
}
}
element = document.getElementById( elementName );
endTime = (+new Date) + 1000 * (60*minutes + seconds) + 500;
updateTimer();
}
countdown(""s2"", minutes, seconds ); //2nd value is the minute, 3rd is the seconds
</script>
<div id=""pic""><a href=""https://www.ankingmed.com"">
<img src=""_AnKingRound.png"" alt=""The AnKing"" style=""height:50px;border:0;position:fixed;bottom:10px;right:10px;"">
</a></div>
<script>
//DONT FADE BETWEEN CARDS
qFade=0; if (typeof anki !== 'undefined') anki.qFade=qFade;
</script>
""<script>
// ############## HINT REVEAL SHORTCUTS ##############
// Visit https://keycode.info/ to get the number/letter for the key you want to assign. // The shortcuts are Alt + the number/letter below
// All shortcuts will also open with ""H"" if using the Hint Hotkeys add-on var lecturenotes = '49';
var missedQ = '50';
var pixorize = '51';
var additional = '52';
var OpenCloseAll = '222';
var ScrollToHint = false;
</script>
<div class=""clozefield""><strong>small</strong> <em><strong>K</strong></em><sub><strong>d</strong></sub> indicates a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">low tendency for the complex to break apart and correspon</span>ds to a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">high</span><strong> affinity</strong> because only a small amount of ligand is required to achieve a high amount of binding.</div>
<!-- ############## EDIT CLOZE DURING REVIEW ##############
-change below (not above) to ""edit:cloze:Text"" for editable field, but be sure to have the correct add-on installed-->
<div class=""editcloze""><strong>small</strong> <em><strong>K</strong></em><sub><strong>d</strong></sub> indicates a <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">low tendency for the complex to break apart and correspon</span>ds to a <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">high</span><strong> affinity</strong> because only a small amount of ligand is required to achieve a high amount of binding.</div>
<!-- ############## TEXT-TO-SPEECH ##############
replace the arrows/dashes from the statement below with double brackets-->
<!--tts en_US voices=Apple_Samantha speed=1.4:cloze-only:Text-->
<hr>
<!-- ############## SHOW HINTS AUTOMATICALLY ##############
For instructions on how to show a field automatically, visit www.ankingmed.com/faq and type ""show hint"" into the search bar -->
<!-- LECTURE NOTES FIELD -->
<div id=""button-ln"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
</div>
<!-- MISSED QUESTIONS FIELD -->
<div id=""button-mq"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
</div>
<!-- EXTRA FIELD -->
<p></p><br>
<div id=""testscroll""></div>
<!-- PIXORIZE FIELD -->
<div id=""button-pixorize"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
<!-- pix bar start -->
<!-- pix bar end -->
<br>
<!-- last div for pixorize -->
</div>
<!-- ADDITIONAL RESOURCES FIELD -->
<div id=""button-ar"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
</div>
<script>
//HINT REVEALS
function myFunction(divid, id, divid) {
var x = document.getElementById(divid), y = document.getElementById(id), z = document.getElementById(divid);
if (x.style.display == ""none"")
{
x.style.display = ""block""; y.style.display = ""none""; z.scrollToId;
}
else {
x.style.display = ""none""; y.style.display = ""inline-block"";
}
if (ScrollToHint){
z.scrollIntoView({
behavior: ""smooth"", //""auto"" for instant scrolling
block: ""start"",
inline: ""nearest""
}); }
}
document.onkeydown = function(evt) {
evt = evt || window.event;
if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == lecturenotes) {
myFunction('button-ln', 'hint-ln', 'button-ln')} if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == missedQ) {
myFunction('button-mq', 'hint-mq', 'button-mq')}
if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == pixorize) {
myFunction('button-pixorize', 'hint-pixorize', 'button-pixorize')}
if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == additional) {
myFunction('button-ar', 'hint-ar', 'button-ar')}
if (evt.keyCode == OpenCloseAll) {
try{myFunction('button-ar', 'hint-ar', 'button-ar');}
finally{try{myFunction('button-pixorize', 'hint-pixorize', 'button-pixorize');}
finally{try{myFunction('button-mq', 'hint-mq', 'button-mq');}
finally{myFunction('button-ln', 'hint-ln', 'button-ln');}}}
}
}
</script>
<br>
<br>
<script>
//ENTER THE TAG TERM WHICH, WHEN PRESENT, WILL TRIGGER A RED BACKGROUND
var tagID
</script>
<div id=""pic""><a href=""https://www.ankingmed.com"">
<img src=""_AnKingRound.png"" alt=""The AnKing"" style=""height:50px;border:0;position:fixed;bottom:10px;right:10px;"">
</a></div>
<!-- WIKIPEDIA SEARCHES -->
<div id=""popup-container"">
<button id=""close-popup-btn"" onclick=""closePopup(true)"">×</button>
<a id=""open-wiki-btn"" href="""">↪</a>
<div id=""tc""></div>
<div id=""fadebottom_v""></div>
<div id=""ic""><img id=""popup-image""></div>
</div>
<script>
function getSummaryFor(word) {
word = word.replace(/^[\.,\/#\!$%\^&\*;:{}=\-_`~()\'\s]+|[\.,\/#\!$%\^&\*;:{}=\-_`~()\'\s]+$/g, """");
var pc = document.getElementById(""popup-container"");
var hc = document.getElementById(""hc"");
var tc = document.getElementById(""tc"");
var ic = document.getElementById(""ic"");
var imgelem = document.getElementById(""popup-image"");
imgelem.src = """";
var shortsum ="""";
fetch(""https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/page/summary/"" + word).then(function(response) {return response.json();}).then(function(response) {
shortsum = response.description;
shortsum = shortsum.replace(/(Disambiguation.*)/g, ""Disambiguation"");
tc.innerHTML = ""<span id='hc'>"" +capfl(shortsum) + ""</span>"" +""\n"" +response.extract_html + ""\n"";
tc.style.width = ""420px"";
if (response.extract_html && !response.extract.endsWith(""to:"")){
pc.style.display = ""block"";
document.getElementById(""open-wiki-btn"").href = response.content_urls.desktop.page;
}else{pc.style.display = ""none"";}
if (!response.thumbnail.source || response.type ===""disambiguation""){
tc.style.width = ""420px"";
}else{tc.style.width=""300px"";imgelem.src = response.thumbnail.source;}
}).catch(function(error) {console.log(error);});}
function closePopup(deselectAlso=false){
pcc.style.display = 'none';
if (deselectAlso){clearSelection();}
}
var pcc = document.getElementById(""popup-container"");
var prevSel = """";
document.addEventListener('click', function() {
var currentSelection = getSelectionText();
if (currentSelection !==""""){prevSel = currentSelection;}
if (currentSelection && !mustClickW ){
getSummaryFor(currentSelection);
}else{closePopup();}
});
document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
if(e.key ==""w""){hhh
if(pcc.style.display ===""block""){closePopup();}else{getSummaryFor(prevSel);}
}
});
function getSelectionText() {
var text = """";
if (window.getSelection) {
text = window.getSelection().toString();
} else if (document.selection && document.selection.type != ""Control"") { text = document.selection.createRange().text;}
return text;
}
function capfl(s) {
return s.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + s.slice(1);
}
function clearSelection(){
if (window.getSelection) {window.getSelection().removeAllRanges();}
else if (document.selection) {document.selection.empty();}
}
//CUSTOMIZATION
//this is a variable controlling whether user must click the ""w"" key to open the popup.
//if set to true: user must select text, then click the ""w"" key to open wikipedia popup. Clicking ""w"" key again will close the popup. //if set to false: user only needs to select text. popup will open automatically. Clicking ""w"" is an alternative but not obligatory way of opening/closing the popup in this mode.
//BELOW SET to true or to false. var mustClickW = true;
//END CUSTOMIZATION
</script>"
"if ln is negative the number need to be <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""between 0 and 1&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span><br>if it is positive it is al<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">wsy greated than 1</span>
<!-- ############## Text-to-speech ##############
replace the arrows/dashes from the statement below with double brackets-->
<!--tts en_US voices=Apple_Samantha speed=1.4:cloze:Text-->
<script>
//ENTER THE TAG TERM WHICH, WHEN PRESENT, WILL TRIGGER A RED BACKGROUND
var tagID = ""XXXYYYZZZ""
</script>
<div class=""timer"" id=""s2""></div>
<script>
//############## TIMER CONFIGURATION START ##############
//Set Timer Length
var minutes = 0
var seconds = 9
//############## TIMER CONFIGURATION END ##############
function countdown( elementName, minutes, seconds )
{
var element, endTime, hours, mins, msLeft, time;
function twoDigits( n )
{
return (n <= 9 ? ""0"" + n : n); }
function updateTimer()
{
msLeft = endTime - (+new Date);
//USER CUSTOMIZATION- you can edit color and text of the 'time expired' readout under the element.innerHTML
if ( msLeft < 1000 ) {
element.innerHTML = ""<span style='color:#CC5B5B'>!<br/>!<br/>!<br/>!<br/>!<br/>!</span>"";
} else {
time = new Date( msLeft );
hours = time.getUTCHours();
mins = time.getUTCMinutes();
element.innerHTML = (hours ? hours + ':' + twoDigits( mins ) : mins) + ':' + twoDigits( time.getUTCSeconds() );
setTimeout( updateTimer, time.getUTCMilliseconds() + 500 );
}
}
element = document.getElementById( elementName );
endTime = (+new Date) + 1000 * (60*minutes + seconds) + 500;
updateTimer();
}
countdown(""s2"", minutes, seconds ); //2nd value is the minute, 3rd is the seconds
</script>
<div id=""pic""><a href=""https://www.ankingmed.com"">
<img src=""_AnKingRound.png"" alt=""The AnKing"" style=""height:50px;border:0;position:fixed;bottom:10px;right:10px;"">
</a></div>
<script>
//DONT FADE BETWEEN CARDS
qFade=0; if (typeof anki !== 'undefined') anki.qFade=qFade;
</script>
""<script>
// ############## HINT REVEAL SHORTCUTS ##############
// Visit https://keycode.info/ to get the number/letter for the key you want to assign. // The shortcuts are Alt + the number/letter below
// All shortcuts will also open with ""H"" if using the Hint Hotkeys add-on var lecturenotes = '49';
var missedQ = '50';
var pixorize = '51';
var additional = '52';
var OpenCloseAll = '222';
var ScrollToHint = false;
</script>
<div class=""clozefield"">if ln is negative the number need to be <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">between 0 and 1 </span><br>if it is positive it is al<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">wsy greated than 1</span></div>
<!-- ############## EDIT CLOZE DURING REVIEW ##############
-change below (not above) to ""edit:cloze:Text"" for editable field, but be sure to have the correct add-on installed-->
<div class=""editcloze"">if ln is negative the number need to be <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">between 0 and 1 </span><br>if it is positive it is al<span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">wsy greated than 1</span></div>
<!-- ############## TEXT-TO-SPEECH ##############
replace the arrows/dashes from the statement below with double brackets-->
<!--tts en_US voices=Apple_Samantha speed=1.4:cloze-only:Text-->
<hr>
<!-- ############## SHOW HINTS AUTOMATICALLY ##############
For instructions on how to show a field automatically, visit www.ankingmed.com/faq and type ""show hint"" into the search bar -->
<!-- LECTURE NOTES FIELD -->
<div id=""button-ln"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
</div>
<!-- MISSED QUESTIONS FIELD -->
<div id=""button-mq"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
</div>
<!-- EXTRA FIELD -->
<p></p><br>
<div id=""testscroll""></div>
<!-- PIXORIZE FIELD -->
<div id=""button-pixorize"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
<!-- pix bar start -->
<!-- pix bar end -->
<br>
<!-- last div for pixorize -->
</div>
<!-- ADDITIONAL RESOURCES FIELD -->
<div id=""button-ar"" class=""generalclass"" style=""display:none;"">
</div>
<script>
//HINT REVEALS
function myFunction(divid, id, divid) {
var x = document.getElementById(divid), y = document.getElementById(id), z = document.getElementById(divid);
if (x.style.display == ""none"")
{
x.style.display = ""block""; y.style.display = ""none""; z.scrollToId;
}
else {
x.style.display = ""none""; y.style.display = ""inline-block"";
}
if (ScrollToHint){
z.scrollIntoView({
behavior: ""smooth"", //""auto"" for instant scrolling
block: ""start"",
inline: ""nearest""
}); }
}
document.onkeydown = function(evt) {
evt = evt || window.event;
if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == lecturenotes) {
myFunction('button-ln', 'hint-ln', 'button-ln')} if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == missedQ) {
myFunction('button-mq', 'hint-mq', 'button-mq')}
if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == pixorize) {
myFunction('button-pixorize', 'hint-pixorize', 'button-pixorize')}
if (evt.altKey && evt.keyCode == additional) {
myFunction('button-ar', 'hint-ar', 'button-ar')}
if (evt.keyCode == OpenCloseAll) {
try{myFunction('button-ar', 'hint-ar', 'button-ar');}
finally{try{myFunction('button-pixorize', 'hint-pixorize', 'button-pixorize');}
finally{try{myFunction('button-mq', 'hint-mq', 'button-mq');}
finally{myFunction('button-ln', 'hint-ln', 'button-ln');}}}
}
}
</script>
<br>
<br>
<script>
//ENTER THE TAG TERM WHICH, WHEN PRESENT, WILL TRIGGER A RED BACKGROUND
var tagID
</script>
<div id=""pic""><a href=""https://www.ankingmed.com"">
<img src=""_AnKingRound.png"" alt=""The AnKing"" style=""height:50px;border:0;position:fixed;bottom:10px;right:10px;"">
</a></div>
<!-- WIKIPEDIA SEARCHES -->
<div id=""popup-container"">
<button id=""close-popup-btn"" onclick=""closePopup(true)"">×</button>
<a id=""open-wiki-btn"" href="""">↪</a>
<div id=""tc""></div>
<div id=""fadebottom_v""></div>
<div id=""ic""><img id=""popup-image""></div>
</div>
<script>
function getSummaryFor(word) {
word = word.replace(/^[\.,\/#\!$%\^&\*;:{}=\-_`~()\'\s]+|[\.,\/#\!$%\^&\*;:{}=\-_`~()\'\s]+$/g, """");
var pc = document.getElementById(""popup-container"");
var hc = document.getElementById(""hc"");
var tc = document.getElementById(""tc"");
var ic = document.getElementById(""ic"");
var imgelem = document.getElementById(""popup-image"");
imgelem.src = """";
var shortsum ="""";
fetch(""https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/page/summary/"" + word).then(function(response) {return response.json();}).then(function(response) {
shortsum = response.description;
shortsum = shortsum.replace(/(Disambiguation.*)/g, ""Disambiguation"");
tc.innerHTML = ""<span id='hc'>"" +capfl(shortsum) + ""</span>"" +""\n"" +response.extract_html + ""\n"";
tc.style.width = ""420px"";
if (response.extract_html && !response.extract.endsWith(""to:"")){
pc.style.display = ""block"";
document.getElementById(""open-wiki-btn"").href = response.content_urls.desktop.page;
}else{pc.style.display = ""none"";}
if (!response.thumbnail.source || response.type ===""disambiguation""){
tc.style.width = ""420px"";
}else{tc.style.width=""300px"";imgelem.src = response.thumbnail.source;}
}).catch(function(error) {console.log(error);});}
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what is stropsis<strong>Stereopsis</strong> is the perception of depth that arises from the integrated information received from both eyes.
<strong>Stereopsis</strong> is the perception of depth that arises from the integrated information received from both eyes.what is stropsis
what distnace is moncular cue used vs binouclar<br>"Binocular cues are less informative a<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 33);"">t great distances because retinal disparity and convergence decrease as distance increases.  </span>Therefore, monocular cues become more important for depth perception over great distances."
"Binocular cues are less informative a<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 33);"">t great distances because retinal disparity and convergence decrease as distance increases.  </span>Therefore, monocular cues become more important for depth perception over great distances."what distnace is moncular cue used vs binouclar<br>
what allowes for translating 2d to 3d images? bonucolr cues 
 bonucolr cues what allowes for translating 2d to 3d images?
what is interpositionosition is a monocular depth cue that refers to one object partially blocking another (the fully visible object is perceived as being closer).
osition is a monocular depth cue that refers to one object partially blocking another (the fully visible object is perceived as being closer).what is interposition
if you are talijg about the perosnal memroies that yu experinced and you rember it we are talking about whcih meemory episodic or autobiograohical memeory 
episodic or autobiograohical memeory if you are talijg about the perosnal memroies that yu experinced and you rember it we are talking about whcih meemory 
autobiographical memroy is episodic or event that was experinced by you part of declratue memory 
episodic or event that was experinced by you part of declratue memory autobiographical memroy is 
Mania, which is indicative of  disorderbipolat
bipolatMania, which is indicative of  disorder
what memroy/interlignec is declined/stable by age<strong>lder adults</strong> experience age-related declines in certain cognitive functions.  Research has shown there are age-related <strong>declines</strong> in <strong>episodic memory an </strong> <strong>fluid</strong> (adaptable) <strong>intelligence</strong>,<br> but <strong>semantic</strong> (fact-based) and <strong>procedural</strong> (skill-based) memories appear to remain relatively <b>,</b> <strong>crystallized</strong> (acquired skills/knowledge) <strong>intelligence</strong> appears to rema
<strong>lder adults</strong> experience age-related declines in certain cognitive functions.  Research has shown there are age-related <strong>declines</strong> in <strong>episodic memory an </strong> <strong>fluid</strong> (adaptable) <strong>intelligence</strong>,<br> but <strong>semantic</strong> (fact-based) and <strong>procedural</strong> (skill-based) memories appear to remain relatively <b>,</b> <strong>crystallized</strong> (acquired skills/knowledge) <strong>intelligence</strong> appears to remawhat memroy/interlignec is declined/stable by age
when is the highest rate of memery decay Normal memory decay (or forgetting) follows a characteristic pattern:  the initial rate of decay is highest right after the material is first learned, then plateaus over time.
Normal memory decay (or forgetting) follows a characteristic pattern:  the initial rate of decay is highest right after the material is first learned, then plateaus over time.when is the highest rate of memery decay 
what is taste aversion? hwo is it different than classcial condition? exmaple?Taste aversion is a specific and powerful type of classical conditioning that occurs after just one instance of becoming ill following the consumption of something.  Taste aversions can develop despite many hours passing between consumption and illness and are long-lasting.<br>it is like you give someone a posined steak and hey associet he stealk with illness for long time 
Taste aversion is a specific and powerful type of classical conditioning that occurs after just one instance of becoming ill following the consumption of something.  Taste aversions can develop despite many hours passing between consumption and illness and are long-lasting.<br>it is like you give someone a posined steak and hey associet he stealk with illness for long time what is taste aversion? hwo is it different than classcial condition? exmaple?
 The products of a Strecker synthesis will be racemic (D,L).
racemic (D,L). The products of a Strecker synthesis will be 
when does the electrocemical cell is showing zero voltometer The standard cell potential <em>E</em>°<sub>cell</sub> is the voltage difference between the anode and cathode.  If no current is flowing through the cell, <em>E</em>°<sub>cell</sub> is 0 V.
The standard cell potential <em>E</em>°<sub>cell</sub> is the voltage difference between the anode and cathode.  If no current is flowing through the cell, <em>E</em>°<sub>cell</sub> is 0 V.when does the electrocemical cell is showing zero voltometer 
how does the speed of the sound related to the tempreturehot enviroment is traveling faster than cool <br>so lets say we are in cool, speed is slower so the frequency is also slwoer 
hot enviroment is traveling faster than cool <br>so lets say we are in cool, speed is slower so the frequency is also slwoer how does the speed of the sound related to the tempreture
distinguish between doppler effect and doppler shift<br>in dopple effcet, we are looking to see hwo the real source frequency is diffrenet than the one precived by the obser and wheter is it is greater or smaller <br><br><br>in doppler shift we are looking to see howthe velocity precieved is different than the actual waveform velocity.it is onley the precieved velocity not the actual emitted 
in dopple effcet, we are looking to see hwo the real source frequency is diffrenet than the one precived by the obser and wheter is it is greater or smaller <br><br><br>in doppler shift we are looking to see howthe velocity precieved is different than the actual waveform velocity.it is onley the precieved velocity not the actual emitted distinguish between doppler effect and doppler shift<br>
in doppler effect sound wave form can change its velocity?no it is only the precived one that chnages 
no it is only the precived one that chnages in doppler effect sound wave form can change its velocity?
how does the velocity and the distnace between the preciedv wave soudn chnages in doppler effect?<br>as the distance increase, vleocity precived is decrEASED
as the distance increase, vleocity precived is decrEASEDhow does the velocity and the distnace between the preciedv wave soudn chnages in doppler effect?<br>
what does irrivsibel and reversible tell you about the controcl of reaction?irrivsibel menas is low tempreture ad it is the kinetci produc and high is revisribel and thermo product
irrivsibel menas is low tempreture ad it is the kinetci produc and high is revisribel and thermo productwhat does irrivsibel and reversible tell you about the controcl of reaction?
hwo do you dtermine mor favorvale vs less favroabel basded on delta g <br>i  dleta G is more negtaiev is MORE favorbale and less negative is less favorale 
i  dleta G is more negtaiev is MORE favorbale and less negative is less favorale hwo do you dtermine mor favorvale vs less favroabel basded on delta g <br>
what does a dielectric material doe to capacitanec?<div>In this question, a dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 1.5 is introduced into the previously empty space of a parallel plate capacitor under vacuum.  Applying the above equation, the new capacitance following the addition of the dielectric material can be calculated as:</div><div>C=1.5⋅C0</div>
<div>In this question, a dielectric material with a dielectric constant of 1.5 is introduced into the previously empty space of a parallel plate capacitor under vacuum.  Applying the above equation, the new capacitance following the addition of the dielectric material can be calculated as:</div><div>C=1.5⋅C0</div>what does a dielectric material doe to capacitanec?
what do you know about SDS it is a DETERGENt and not a reducing agent<br>it mask the proetin charge by giving it negtive and solublize it so it is just a detregent <br>
it is a DETERGENt and not a reducing agent<br>it mask the proetin charge by giving it negtive and solublize it so it is just a detregent <br>what do you know about SDS 
give na example of redcuing agent in protein analysisb-mercaptoethanol
b-mercaptoethanolgive na example of redcuing agent in protein analysis
what dye used to stain protein and DNAproetin:coomasian briliant blue <br>DNA: ethidum bromide that to slip into DNA 
proetin:coomasian briliant blue <br>DNA: ethidum bromide that to slip into DNA what dye used to stain protein and DNA
does viruses have phospholipidsif they are envleoped yes, if non enevloped no phoshobilayer
if they are envleoped yes, if non enevloped no phoshobilayerdoes viruses have phospholipids
what rea proetzie and fundgi <br>what domain i mean they are part of EUkar
they are part of EUkarwhat rea proetzie and fundgi <br>what domain i mean 
give an example f socialnetwrokSocial networks are informal, nonhierarchical webs of nodes (eg, individuals) connected by ties, which can be weak (eg, acquaintances) or strong (eg, family). <br>.  <strong>Weak ties</strong> are loose/flimsy connections, such as those between acquaintances, whereas <strong>strong ties</strong> are more solid connections, such as those between family and close friends.
Social networks are informal, nonhierarchical webs of nodes (eg, individuals) connected by ties, which can be weak (eg, acquaintances) or strong (eg, family). <br>.  <strong>Weak ties</strong> are loose/flimsy connections, such as those between acquaintances, whereas <strong>strong ties</strong> are more solid connections, such as those between family and close friends.give an example f socialnetwrok
hpw does social caputal effect social mobility<br>more social capital, more netwrosk, econmic gain and increase mobiliy
more social capital, more netwrosk, econmic gain and increase mobiliyhpw does social caputal effect social mobility<br>
what do you use attribution for?<br>the factors that we fidn to explain behaviours 
the factors that we fidn to explain behaviours what do you use attribution for?<br>
wym by impression managmnetwe carry out certain behvaiours to influnec teh way we are precived by others <br>like you try to impress someone <br>
we carry out certain behvaiours to influnec teh way we are precived by others <br>like you try to impress someone <br>wym by impression managmnet
what does spatial inequality mean poor neighbour hood have more crime and enviromenal health risks <br>
poor neighbour hood have more crime and enviromenal health risks <br>what does spatial inequality mean 
what is social contorl is when one group is execrtion of influence of one group on other s
is when one group is execrtion of influence of one group on other swhat is social contorl 
what is False consciousnessFalse consciousness refers to individuals from lower classes adopting the misleading views of the upper class and therefore accepting the status quo (eg, injustice, exploitation). 
False consciousness refers to individuals from lower classes adopting the misleading views of the upper class and therefore accepting the status quo (eg, injustice, exploitation). what is False consciousness
what is symblic inetractinism Symbolic interactionism is a microsociological perspective that suggests that people develop subjective meanings for things (eg, objects, behaviors) through social interaction.  The definition of the situation allows people to understand the roles of everyone involved in a social encounter so that each person acts accordingly.<br>focuses on INETRPERSONAL inetractions 
Symbolic interactionism is a microsociological perspective that suggests that people develop subjective meanings for things (eg, objects, behaviors) through social interaction.  The definition of the situation allows people to understand the roles of everyone involved in a social encounter so that each person acts accordingly.<br>focuses on INETRPERSONAL inetractions what is symblic inetractinism 
what is the ideal fludi properties<ul><li><strong>o viscosity:</strong>  Friction between fluid molecules is negligible such that applied shearing forces (ie, gravity acting on a fluid pouring out of a glass) cause instantaneous, uniform acceleration of the fluid <strong>(Choice C)</strong>.</li><li><strong>Laminar flow:</strong>  The fluid flow is smooth, flowing in parallel layers with no interaction between each layer.  In a pipe the fluid elements travel in straight lines and do not swirl around each other <strong>(Choice A)</strong>.</li><li><strong>Incompressible:</strong>  The density of the fluid is modified by neither external forces nor its own weight when oriented in a fluid column <strong>(Choice D)</strong>.</li></ul>
<ul><li><strong>o viscosity:</strong>  Friction between fluid molecules is negligible such that applied shearing forces (ie, gravity acting on a fluid pouring out of a glass) cause instantaneous, uniform acceleration of the fluid <strong>(Choice C)</strong>.</li><li><strong>Laminar flow:</strong>  The fluid flow is smooth, flowing in parallel layers with no interaction between each layer.  In a pipe the fluid elements travel in straight lines and do not swirl around each other <strong>(Choice A)</strong>.</li><li><strong>Incompressible:</strong>  The density of the fluid is modified by neither external forces nor its own weight when oriented in a fluid column <strong>(Choice D)</strong>.</li></ul>what is the ideal fludi properties
pressure formual in trems of energy and volume "<img src=""L41779.jpg"">"
"<img src=""L41779.jpg"">"pressure formual in trems of energy and volume 
avoiding learning vs escape learningavoid is we never put our self into at first place  it but escape is we are experincing it but we want to move aqay from it 
avoid is we never put our self into at first place  it but escape is we are experincing it but we want to move aqay from it avoiding learning vs escape learning
what does hydrophic inetraction column slat concetraion do increase salt concertaion alowes the proetin to bind to the hydrophobic column so if you want to elute the proetins you need to Decrease the salt concentraion 
increase salt concertaion alowes the proetin to bind to the hydrophobic column so if you want to elute the proetins you need to Decrease the salt concentraion what does hydrophic inetraction column slat concetraion do 
name two immune cells that kill virus natural killer for innate <br>and cytotoxic in adoptive 
natural killer for innate <br>and cytotoxic in adoptive name two immune cells that kill virus 
what does nuetrophile killit kills bacetria 
it kills bacetria what does nuetrophile kill
sense strand is the strand that has a coding region and is getting translated <br>Anti-sense starnd is the one that doesNOt have a coding region 
the strand that has a coding region and is getting translated <br>Anti-sense starnd is the one that doesNOt have a coding region sense strand is 
whhat is a myocyte?it is a muscle cell 
it is a muscle cell whhat is a myocyte?
how do you tag the proetin in affinity chromotagraph?tage is histiding on the proetin and it will bidn to ni
tage is histiding on the proetin and it will bidn to nihow do you tag the proetin in affinity chromotagraph?
exabrsting making something worst
making something worstexabrsting 
what is an example of passive immunity is to give someone antibody 
is to give someone antibody what is an example of passive immunity 
what is the differece between gyrase and topiiosmerasegyrase is the tension reducer in prokary and topisomrease is the tension reducer in EUK
gyrase is the tension reducer in prokary and topisomrease is the tension reducer in EUKwhat is the differece between gyrase and topiiosmerase
what does yeast charctraiuzed as yeast is eukaryo 
yeast is eukaryo what does yeast charctraiuzed as 
what does algea dn fungi are charcatrized asEukar
Eukarwhat does algea dn fungi are charcatrized as
can you develop vaccine gainst bacetrai?yes!
yes!can you develop vaccine gainst bacetrai?
hwo do you change the speed of the sound?ONLY by changing the medium it travels in <br>NOT WAVELENGTH AND FREQUENCt 
ONLY by changing the medium it travels in <br>NOT WAVELENGTH AND FREQUENCt hwo do you change the speed of the sound?
1/2 is equivalnet to 0.5
equiavalnet of 1/30.3333
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">1/4 is euqal to  </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"0.25
1/5 is euqal to0.2
1/8 is equal to 0.125
how do u simplify a frcation when Denomnitor is larger than numorator?<br>"First, Denomunatr= down part of the fraction<br><span style=""color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">High/ lowe method: </span><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Change the denominator to
one digit higher <span style=""font-style: italic;"">and </span>to one digit lower.</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>example: 3/7 <br>chaneg it to 3/6 and 3/8<br>3/6 is familar and is 0.5 <br>and now you 3/7 is smaller than 3/6, so it needs to be smaller than 0.5 !!!<br><br><br>"
estimate 7/13 using high/ low method7/14 and 7/12<br>7/14=0.5<br>7/13 bigger than 7/14 so higher than 0.5
square of 12"144<br><img src=""paste-6b37b83ced4ebd21d52207182a60e4bfc9bd4695.jpg"">"
square of 13"169<br><img src=""paste-6b37b83ced4ebd21d52207182a60e4bfc9bd4695.jpg"">"
square of 14 "196<br><img src=""paste-6b37b83ced4ebd21d52207182a60e4bfc9bd4695.jpg"">"
square of 15"225<br><img src=""paste-6b37b83ced4ebd21d52207182a60e4bfc9bd4695.jpg"">"
how do u estimate squere root of 72remeber the square roots you know that 72 falss in between <br><br>64 and 81<br>so 8-9 and 72 is somewhere in between!!<br>
what is a cube root means something was to the third power of and you take the root of that 
find the cube root of 25"To estimate the cube root of 25,
cube numbers until you find one just less than 25. 23 = 8; 33 = 27, which is very close to 25, so
the cube root of 25 is just less than 3, say 2.9 [actual = 2.92]"
how do you add two thing in scintific notation? give an exmaple <br>"1)make the powers of 10 the same <br>2)add or substract the manista ( number multipied by 10)<br>3) give the power to the step two number <br><br>ex:1 x 10^3 subtracted from 3.5 x 10^4 :<br><br><br> 1)changing 3.5 x 10^4
to 35 x 10^3
. <br>2) subtract 2.1 from 35 to give
32.9 <br>3)add the 10^ 3 <br><br>answer: 32.9 *10^3 = 3.29*10^4<br><br>"
how to multiply two numbers in scientific notation? add the exponenst and multiple the manistats
how do you divide two numbers in scientific notation, divid the manistats and substract the powers
how to raise a number in scientific notation to a power "<span style=""color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">multiply</span> the exponents AND r<span style=""color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">aise the mantissa</span> to the power."
how to take the square (or other) root of a number in scientific notation? example of : 2 x 10^4 square root <br><br><br>"raising a number in scientific
notation to the ½ power is the same as taking the square root of that number, raising it to the
1/3 power is the same as taking the cube root of it, One would then multiply the exponents by the 1/2 if asked for square root <br><br>take the square root of  2 and multiple 4 by 1/2"
write 5 ( or anyother whole number) in terms of scientific notation5*10^0
sin (0) = 0
sin 301/2
sin 45"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>√2/2 </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
sin 60"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>√3/2 </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
sin 901
cos 01
cos 30 "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>√3/2 </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
cos 45"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>√2/2 </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
cos 601/2
cos 90 <br>0
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">√2 </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">1.4 </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">√3 </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">1.7 </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;""> </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">√2/2 = </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">0.7 </span>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">√3/2  </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"0.9
<div> <div> <div> <div>sin formula is </div> </div> </div></div>"opposite/Hypothenous<br><br><img src=""paste-6cbe753daa3abef2cef7231af9a73f7d30887291.jpg"">"
cos formula "Adjacent/Hypthenoius<br><br><br><img src=""paste-6cbe753daa3abef2cef7231af9a73f7d30887291.jpg"">"
tan formual opposite/Adjacent <div>Sun/cos</div>
tan formula in terms of sin and cos"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">sin</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">/cos</span> </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is cosecant,secant and cotangen ? exmaple inevrse of sin cos and tan <br><br>exmaple:<br>cos -1(1)= the angel <br>cos1- (1)= 0
<div> <div> <div> <div>sin^2+cos^2 = ?</div> </div> </div></div>1
what is the formual of sin and cos that equals to 1" <div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">sin^</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">2</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">+cos^</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">2 </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Area of a circle formula</div> </div> </div></div>"<img src=""paste-fb59410fff4e955be145edada55dd67418fbedad.jpg"">"
<div> <div> <div> <div>Circumference of a circle </div> </div> </div></div>"<img src=""paste-1235be3c6ca30c2da14b1ba9a74354c02f92124e.jpg"">"
area of triagnle  formual "<img src=""paste-1e395c62d772517815b66b078de93abc99e019d0.jpg""><br><br>h is <span style=""color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">height <br><br></span><img src=""paste-06e6b7ae9c2702174ea8dd59ef184bea3fa18994.jpg""><span style=""color: rgb(85, 85, 255);""><br><br><br></span>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Volume of a sphere? What is the one for area</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""<div> <div> <div> <div>V = 4/3* pi *r3 </div><div>4pir2</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-289106a115b36572abc97fddc5da65e7fc66d8a0.jpg""><br></div> </div> </div></div>"
surface area of sphere "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">SA = 4</span> pi <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">r</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2</span></div></li>
</ul><div><img src=""paste-a468eaba57e1c25b74ca7592997006847c62a511.jpg""><b><i><br></i></b></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Pythagorean Theorem </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">A^2</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">+ B^</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2 </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">= C^</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2 </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
convert degree to radian and give an exmaple "<img src=""paste-ae49e53e3f502b87bf0aa67f4dacdc2cfa830672.jpg""><br><br>for ex= how many radians is 400 degree<br>400/180= radians "
hwo many radians in one circle?6 radians
how many revloution it is taking  if you are roatting at 12 rad/s?6 radians in one circle, so for 12 rad/s , <br> that it is making roughly two revolutions per second. 
deci prefix is "<br>10^-1<img src=""paste-5398843730eacc2f3cfe08db7439ef08ab7974a4.jpg"">"
centi is .... name the one with the same power but diffrenet sign "10^-2<br><img src=""paste-5398843730eacc2f3cfe08db7439ef08ab7974a4.jpg""><br><br><br>Hector which is power of +2"
pico is ... meter "10^<span style=""color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">-12</span><img src=""paste-5398843730eacc2f3cfe08db7439ef08ab7974a4.jpg""><br><br><br>remebre pico is like pir so is old -12"
femto is .... in SI unit and it symbol is ...10^ -15<br>is like fm= femto meter or 10^ -15  meere<br>
deca is 10^1<br>da
hecto is ,... and its sybmo"10^2<br>h<br><br><img src=""paste-64ae2fb96b81da8cc9ea8582ef9609543d001ab3.jpg"">"
mega is .. and it symbol"M and 10^6<br><br><img src=""paste-64ae2fb96b81da8cc9ea8582ef9609543d001ab3.jpg"">"
giga unit and symbol"<img src=""paste-64ae2fb96b81da8cc9ea8582ef9609543d001ab3.jpg""><br><br>G and 10^9"
terta is .. and  its sybmol "<img src=""paste-64ae2fb96b81da8cc9ea8582ef9609543d001ab3.jpg""><br>T and  10^12"
what can make a non-linear relation between two vvaribales?"<div>
<div>
<div>If two variables are :</div><div>both in an equation, and
one of them contains :</div><div>exponenet</div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 76, 22);""></span> log, </div><div>ln, or root, t</div><div>he graph of either variable vs. the other will yield
a <span style=""color: rgb(255, 27, 0);"">non-linear graph.</span>  </div>
</div>
</div>"
by looking at an euqations, how do you if they have a linear relationship? example?<br>"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>if <span style=""color: rgb(255, 27, 0);"">BOTH </span>variables contain the <span style=""color: rgb(255, 27, 0);"">exact same math</span> </div><div>EX: both are cubed, </div><div> both are square rooted or seuqred</div><div>,the graph of one versus the other will be <span style=""color: rgb(255, 27, 0);"">linear. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
draw the graph when y=constnat "<img src=""paste-f1ea2a8a30c6a85280dca107f56bd985a4e57471.jpg"">"
draw the graph of y=x"<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"" width=""666"" style=""float: left;"">"
drwa the graph of y=|x|"<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
draw the graph of y=x^2"<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
graoh of y=x^3"<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
graph of square root"<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
graph of square root "<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
graph of sube root"<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
graph of y=log "<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
graph of y=lnx"<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
graph of ln is as same as what?"log <br><br><img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
drwa exponetials graph "<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
reciprical graph of y=1/x"<img src=""paste-f73914a3d1abbe82705dd9fd89fe9bc057b51b7e.jpg"">"
"
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<div id=""pic""><a href=""https://www.ankingmed.com"">
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<div>No cloze 1 found on card.
Please either add a cloze deletion, or use the Empty Cards tool.<br><a href='https://anki.tenderapp.com/kb/problems/no-cloze-found-on-card'>More information</a></div>""<div>No cloze 1 found on card.
Please either add a cloze deletion, or use the Empty Cards tool.<br><a href='https://anki.tenderapp.com/kb/problems/no-cloze-found-on-card'>More information</a></div>"
"this graph is an example of <br><img src=""paste-624e8196f06c5d4abffd06be7e20c55db98bd12d.jpg""><br>"y=x^3<br><br>cubic
"this is what type of relatiship <img src=""paste-0fab37041dcfc530d177836cee58eab6e251db53.jpg"">""<img src=""paste-de4b201ab7aeb51454bb68f2465e8c2aa7d44a88.jpg"">"
"this is an exmaple of <img src=""paste-f65ab1eb9d5fde5f96cf57ace756b3e62ed4fe77.jpg""><div>Which one is the U shaped? What is the reverse of this one </div><div><br></div>""<img src=""paste-c91f13fbffa566d4f3ee381fd60e2a916deb7d5b.jpg""><div>U shaped is y=x^2</div><div><br></div><div>the one look  the inverse is log or ln</div>"
"this is an exmaple of <img src=""paste-78096217de2b9ad835e17ea000704ac558ddae59.jpg"">"log or ln 
"what is this<br><img src=""paste-f57152020305a538384b788f5c39cc107845c668.jpg"">"y=1/x
draw the sign graph "<img src=""paste-ca636dcefdfcc2fc8116a29a470869af23eb6e24.jpg"">"
drwa the cos"<img src=""paste-0efafce1872ee0ef42541f15fbd320da7862da63.jpg"">"
"this is a graph of <img src=""paste-263a121daf26b88f3616e4eaba1cc465efb1793d.jpg"">""<img src=""paste-263a121daf26b88f3616e4eaba1cc465efb1793d.jpg""><br>tan "
"<img src=""paste-263a121daf26b88f3616e4eaba1cc465efb1793d.jpg""> is an exmaple of ..."tan relation
"in the <span style=""font-style: italic;"">X=1/2at^</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">2<br><br>what is the relation between X and T <br>and A and T (linear or non linear)<br></span><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;""><br>
</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"non-linear
"in <img src=""paste-8107e8947f6136e2002b9f737bd7d75e50490bb9.jpg"">describe the relationship betweem the varibales""<img src=""paste-8107e8947f6136e2002b9f737bd7d75e50490bb9.jpg""><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div> <span style=""font-style: italic;"">v </span>vs <span style=""font-style: italic;"">g </span>=<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><span style=""color: rgb(255, 27, 0);"">non-linear</span><br>
</span> <span style=""font-style: italic;"">g </span>vs. <span style=""font-style: italic;"">h </span>(they are both underthe squareroot=<span style=""color: rgb(255, 27, 0);"">willbe</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">l<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 76, 22);"">inear </span></span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what three questions you aks when predicting a graph? exAmple of each "<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>)  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">Does the y-value start high or low</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">?</span> ASK YOURSELF: “Is it most logical at the beginning of
this experiment or trial for this value to be high (i.e., at its max value) or for it to be low (i.e., at
its minimum value)?
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>2)  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">What is the slope? </span>What does the slope represent? shoudl it be positive or negative?linear or non-linear?</div></li><li><div> on a displacement vs. time graph the
slope is equal to velocity; on a velocity vs. time graph it is equal to acceleration</div></li>
<li>
<div>3)  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">What is the sign of the y-axis</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">? </span>Is the value on the y-axis always positive, always negative, or
is it both? help to know if graph should start above or below the x-axis,
and if you expect it to ever cross the x-axis. <br></div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">difference between a log-log and a semi-log graph. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>A log-log graph has a logarithmic scale on both axes. A semi-log graph has a logarithmic scale on
one axis, but a linear scale on the other axis. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
give the formual of velcoity and height, is this a linear relationship?"<img src=""paste-c28039fb41cf55caa78b4ae4276f15b190791616.jpg"">\\<br><br>non-linear"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>If two variables are on the same side of the equation <span style=""font-style: italic;"">and </span>on the <span style=""font-style: italic;"">same </span>side of the
</div>
<div>division line, they are ... related </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">inversely  </span></div>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>If two variables are on the same side of the equation <span style=""font-style: italic;"">and </span>on <span style=""font-style: italic;"">different </span>sides of the
</div>
<div>division line, they are related. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">directly</span>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span>If two variables are on opposite sides of the equation <span style=""font-style: italic;"">and </span>on the <span style=""font-style: italic;"">same </span>side of the
</div>
<div>division line, they are ...... <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span>related. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">directly</span>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span>If two variables are on opposite sides of the equation <span style=""font-style: italic;"">and </span>on <span style=""font-style: italic;"">different </span>sides of the
</div>
<div>division line, they are .....<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span>related. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>inversly</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
x=y, what ahppens if y is decreased by 25%?<br><br><br><br>firsts, 100-25=75<br>menas that the y is being multiplied by 75/100=15/20=3/4<br><br><br>so x is also multplied by 3/4 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>12 marbles and
my marbles decrease by 25%, this means, how mnay marbles do you have left  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"o 25 decarsed mean it is multplied by 75/100 or 3/4<br>so 12*3/4=9 
if x and y are  inversly propertional, increase by 25% in onr resluts in decrase of the other one in whar increase by 25% menas 125/100=5/4<br><br>inverse menas the other multioles by 4/5 and 1/5 is decarsed so by 1/5=20% decerase
descrobe the scientific method "systmeatci process by which scientists ask questions, <span style=""color: rgb(255, 27, 0);"">develop
testable hypotheses,</span> <span style=""color: rgb(255, 27, 0);"">gather data,</span> c<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 76, 22);"">onduct experiments</span>, and then a<span style=""color: rgb(252, 78, 202);"">nalyze, interpret, publish,
and verify the results of those investigations. </span>"
what is a testable hypothesis? exmaple is a hypothesis that I can use a research to fidn a clear yes or no answer to the hypotheis <br>ex) if i study  too much for the mcat increase the chance make me crazy?
what is the criteria for making a hypothesis and give me a bad example of a question that can not be hypothesis?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""color: rgb(252, 78, 202);""> narrow,
</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">specific,</span> and answerable. </div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div> Questions framed as an<span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);""> <span style=""font-style: italic;"">If-Then</span>,</span> or a <span style=""font-style: italic;"">Stimulus-Outcome </span>pair  </div>
</div>
</div></div></div><div><br></div><div>Bad example:“What are regulatory binding proteins and how do they
work? BADDDDD</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is single-blind peer review?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>reviewers (a.k.a., referees) <span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">know</span> the author of the paper </div>
</li><li><div>but author nevers knwo who review his paper</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is verification in research and why is it importnat?what happnes of you cant replictaion ur dta?"<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Verification= Replication</div>
</li><li><div>Good science must be something other investigators <span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">can
replicate and thereby verify </span></div></li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">if not, means you had confounding or something uniqye about the research </span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
"what is <span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">Basic Science reserach </span>"<div> <div> <div> <div>Laboratory research conducted in a highly- controlled environment; NOT on human subjects. </div> </div> </div></div>
what is the benefit of experimental research?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>This type of research allows investigators to
have th<span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 65, 39);"">e strictest level of control over all possible variables and conditions; </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what reserach is most reliable way to indicate causation and why "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>basic science research because vestigators to
have the strictest level of control over all possible variables and conditions </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"what is <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Human Subjects Research?example:</span>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Research conducted outside the laboratory, often on human
subjects. </div><div><br></div><div>trials </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
can you draw definitive answer from human reserach? why? "no, because <span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">Less control over</span> conditions than in
basic science research <br>ex:a study drug may fail to
decrease blood pressure in some subjects. However, it could later be discovered that all
participants did not follow the strict low-sodium diet required by the study guidelines "
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> two kinds of Human Subjects Research and examples </div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Experimental  and obsevrtaional  </span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
define Experimental Human reserach and give an exmaple  "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Research involves a specific <span style=""font-style: italic;"">intervention </span>controlled by the investigator.
Subjects are separated into control and treatment groups </div>
</li><li><div>ex: </div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> to test the<span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);""> efficacy of a new
drug, </span>patients with allergies are separated into groups randomly and given ei<span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">ther the drug or
placebo)</span>. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is observational human reserach and exmaple "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Investigator observes data without direct control over the variables, or
implementation of interventions.</div>
</li><li><div>no treatemnt  </div></li><li><div>ex:</div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>an investigator reviews case studies from COPDand examines demographic information and
lifestyle choices in an attempt to<span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);""> identify risk factors associated with COPD</span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">NO TREATMNET  </span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is benfience in reserach? example"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Do good. Doctors and researchers have an obligation to promote the
welfare of patients or study participants. Patient welfare should always be a primary
consideration in study design and execution. </div><div><br></div><div>Ex: if you want to do thsi reserach, it needs to promote the walfare of the patinest and do good </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
if a research has positive results, what do u do?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>ENDING A STUDY BECAUSE OF POSITIVE RESULTS</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>ENDING A STUDY BECAUSE OF POSITIVE RESULTS: One classical application of
beneficence in Human Subjects Research is the obligation to END an experimental
study when it is clear a drug or intervention results in obvious <span style=""font-style: italic;"">benefit</span>. This may sound
counterintuitive, but remember that each study must have control groups. If a drug
is found to save the lives of dying cancer patients, it is not ethical to continue the
study long-term and thereby save the lives of those in the treatment groups while
those in the control groups are withheld from taking a drug researchers know could
help them. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>  </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does nonmalefience mean?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);""> Do no harm.</span> </div><div>Doctors and researchers have an obligation <span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">to not harm </span>their patients or
study participants. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Example: drug for cancer shoud NOT results in damagin g ur liver </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what to do if you have negative results in research?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>NDING A STUDY BECAUSE OF NEGATIVE RESULTS </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>ENDING A STUDY BECAUSE OF NEGATIVE RESULTS: The theoretical opposite of the
previous example, researchers are similarly obligated to end a research study as soon
as it is verified that a treatment harms the subjects. Most early research that is
criticized today is drawn into question because it violated this principle. The famous
psychology study involving “Little Albert,” for example, while revealing evidence about
conditioning, is now thought to have had an unethical impact on the young child
involved. Albert was conditioned to have severe generalized phobias of animals and
the study involved obvious emotional trauma to Albert. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is autonomy?"<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Patient autonomy and informed consent.to </div></li><li><div>to allow patients  them to <span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">make decisions
</span>about their own health and treatment. </div></li><li><div> example: inorder ot recive the treamnet of cancer, they gave baba jamshid autonmy because he decided he doesnt wnat to get the treatemnet <br></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
what is justice in reserach "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> <span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">Equal treatment of all people;</span> </div>
</li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">Equal allocation of resources</span>, to the extent
possible, withou<u>t bias, prejudice or discrimination. </u></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Observational Research Study Types are :</div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Cohort Study
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Cross-Sectional Study
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Case-Control Study </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is a cohort study? example:"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>is a longitudinal study observing characteristics (<span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">usually risk factors like smoking )</span> of members
of a cohort across time. </div>
</li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>EXAMPLES: Smokers were three times more likely to develop lung cancer before
the age of 50 than were non-smokers; </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is cross-sectional study:"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>analysis of data collected from a population or sample at one
specific time</div></li><li><div>EXAMPLES: A survey of the
U.S. population to determine the current prevalence of a stroke </div></li><li><div>  <br></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>case-control study and give an example: </div> </div> </div></div>"observation of one group who have cancer  and <span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">compare</span> them to those who dont (refernec group )<br><br>want you to think about it this way, you have a case)w hich is the one with dieeases, you have a control which is the one without the dieases and is your refernce group, and you obesrve and compre them <br><br><br><br>For example, a researcher may want to look at the rare cancer Kaposi's sarcoma. The researcher would find a group of individuals with Kaposi's sarcoma (the cases) and compare them to a group of patients who are similar to the cases in most ways but do not have Kaposi's sarcoma (controls).<br><br><br>"
what is IDV and where on graph you see it "<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">MANIPULATED or directly changed by the
investigator</span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">on the x-axis</span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
"what varibvale can eb thought as ""cause"" "IDV
"what is <span style=""color: rgb(0, 176, 240); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">DEPENDENT VARIABLE  ?</span>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><span style=""color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">The Variable </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 38, 19);"">MEASURED </span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">as a response to changes in the
independent variable.  </span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
wheer do u see DV and IDVDV= y-axis<br>IDV= x-axis
Three questions to ask at the end of each passage"“What is the author’s point?”
<br>• “What does the author want me to get out of this?”<br><ul><li> • “What does the author really care about?”</li></ul>"
metaphore is when you compare two things using is and are <br>ex) your room is a natural dieaster 
what does impartial tone mean does not show any feeling or against a topic 
artifact something made by human
what are some qualifiers that sounds good on carssometimes, could, usullay, could 
NAme the six skillsMI, tone, Argumnet, authos,constrating ideas  inetrefce and logic 
name the first QB1  which is author implies "what the author implies and its abot something author mentioens, cited and now it is being implied or suggested. It can be an mplication on passage stuff or some extrenal situtaion <br><img src=""paste-4f6fcf5bdc48269169859a5becae5b38168d9167.jpg"" width=""865"">"
what is another name for implies?suggest
what is the second BP (QB2)according to the passage  on carsAccording to teh passage:<br>u need to show u have complty understood the passage!<br><br>not a simple recall, but u need to understand complety what has been said!!!<br><br><br>
what to think when see memory?think about storage and retreiveal 
what to think when see learnning long lasting CHNAGE IN BEHVIOUR 
what is another name of implicit memory unconsous prodcuderal memory 
what is encoding?"initial process of memory creation, including sensation and the transient storage of
the information in working memory."
what is automatic vs controlled processing/Automatic: no attention or conscious effort is required , EX)walking while talking <br><div> <div> <div> <div>Controlled: processing requires active attention and effort ex)solving a math problem, studying for the MCAT)</div> </div> </div></div>
give an example of automatic processing "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>walking while talking on your cell phone; most of the
simultaneous tasks you perform habitually while driving </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
give an examle of contorllled processing <div> <div> <div> <div>solving a math problem, studying for the MCAT</div><div><br></div><div>remebr u need to pay attention to doing that </div> </div> </div></div>
what happnes when a contorllled processing happnes over  LONG PERIOD OF TIME ? give an example it can become a automatic processing <br>ex)., learning the alphabet was originally controlled processing, but now you are able to effortlessly recall the alphabet after many itmes doing it 
what is maintaince rehreasl? what are some ways of doing <br>rerepetitive rehearsal of new information without thinking about its meaning or contex<br>ways: rewriting or re-read  it, repeating loud in ur head <br>
what is the downside of maintaince rehersal for remebring information?"<div> <div> <div> <div>can only maintain information <span style=""color: rgb(148, 55, 255);"">in the working memory,</span> or at most create<u> a weak</u>, s<u>hort-lived long-term memory. </u></div><div><u>cant use it for mcat lol </u></div><div><u><br></u></div> </div> </div></div>"
can maintance rehearsal result in long term memroy storage? "<div> <div> <div> <div><span style=""color: rgb(148, 55, 255);"">withhout further attention,</span> maintenance rehearsal will <span style=""color: rgb(148, 55, 255);"">NEVER</span> result in strong long-term memory storage bceaus eit onky stored in working memory or a weak short lived long memory </div> </div> </div></div>"
what is elabrotaive rehersal? state its other name as well<br>" <div> <div> <div>a.k.a.:Semantic Rehearsal </div><div><br></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;""> </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">The rehearsal
of new information by thinking
about its meaning, purpose, and
relationship to previously-known
concepts. </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div> </div> </div>"
name two types of reherasl and state which one is more effective for mcat?<br>maintance rehereasl= just repreating and repeating over <br>elabortaive rehersal: understaing the menaing of the stuff and realting to what u know<br><br>ELABROTAIVE OR semnatic rehersal is a way to go for MCAT 
Name three types of encoding and their meanings " <div> <div> <div>1)  Visual = Encoding of an<span style=""color: rgb(148, 55, 255);""> image or visualization.</span> </div> <div>2)  Acoustic(heaaring) = Encoding of a <span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">sound.</span> </div> <div>3) Se<span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">mantic</span>(se<span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">meaning</span>) = Encoding of meaning, understanding, or a concept’s interrelation with otherstored information (i.e., context).</div><div><br></div><div>NOTES: Semantic encoding always results in the strongest, most enduring memories. Semantic memories are also recalled more easily and more rapidly. </div> </div> </div>"
"what tyep of encoding resulst in the <span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">strongest,
most enduring memories</span>"Semantic which is encoding of meaning, concept’s interrelation with other<div> <div> <div> <div>stored information  </div> </div> </div></div>
what type of memories are remebred the easiest and the fastes?semnatci memory ( semeaning= Encoding of meaning, understanding, or a concept’s interrelation with other<div> <div> <div> <div>stored information ) </div> </div> </div></div><div><div><div> </div> </div></div>
name the process that help with encoding the information <div> <div> <div> <div>Mnemonics </div> <div>Chunking </div> <div>Peg-Word System </div> <div>Method of Loci </div> <div>State-Dependent Learning </div> <div>Self-Reference Effect </div> </div> </div></div>
what is teh states dependant learng "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>if  memory is encoded in a particular p<span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">lace or setting</span>, or in
conjunction with a s<span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">ight, sound, or smell, recal</span>l is enhanced when attempted in a matching
state—at the same place, in the same setting, or in conjunction with the same sight, sound,
or smell. </div>
</li><li><div>example: i learned about psycology in HCCC and i woudl remebre it if i attemp to do so when Im at HCC </div></li><li><div>example: I klearned about this when there ia a nice breeze and I woudl have a better recall if i attempted this when I was feeling the same breeze</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
What is the testing effect? what conetct is ist used for Testing (forced active recall) during the learning phase dramatically increases retention.<br><br>it menas to test , then learna and reeastes , like altius that test u in th ebeggining befor u read the things in student manual 
what is the desirable diffuslties effect>?"it is the Expensive Memory Principle.<br>easy come, easy go<br>learning process  that are more “expensive” in terms of <span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">the time and
effort invested to</span> master the concept=  memories that are <span style=""font-style: italic;"">difficult-to-forget <br>hard come , hard go <br></span><br><br>ex:"
what about desirable diffuslty encoding process makes it hard to forget them?it is the deep processing that procudes th elong term memries and need to be accompanied by spaced rehreasl
define the types of shallow processing "<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> Structural: what things look like, e.g., words on a textbook page</div></li><li><div>  Phonemic Processing: what thing soudn like, ex) repreating over and over  in your head <br></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
does shallow processing effective?no because it is just a type of maininatce rehearsal and porcude weak, short lived memrories
what is a type of deep processing and what does it result in?<br>"it is semantic (semeaning) encodinhg= ic processing involves encoding the <u>meaning of a concept</u>, the <span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">context </span>surrounding a concept, or making relational connections to other previously-encoded memories.<br><br>Results in strong- long lived memories"
what tyep of rehersal is required for deep orr semantic encoding?elabrotaive rehreals where u learn the meaning, and related to other similar concepts
what is MNOMINIC encoding system l term referring to any pattern of letters, symbols or associations that help one remember something.<br><br>example: c FLAT PiG i for anetrior pitutary hormones
chunking is ...tyep of encoing aid that you seprate the information into chunks like separating a long set of numbers into a telephone number in its orderly sets of (XXX) XXX-XXXX.
what is the self-refrence effect?it s that you will refence the information you want tto learn to yourself. you think of  “Can I think of Real-Life Examples? to encodes 
what is the peg-word system"two-step
method for remembering rotely memorized lists<br>peg-word= number-word=, a memory aid that involves linking words with numbers"
hwo do u perfome the peg list?1)make a peg list:<br>2)The peg list associates numbers with words that rhyme with those numbers or are otherwise closely associated<br><br>so for example= 1=run <br>2=shoe.<br>3= bee
method of loci is "encoding aid that help remembered the thing u want by relating them to  with visual checkpoints or objects
within a room, along a hallway, or along your morning jogging route.<br><br>example: if yu wanna remeber socks, toothpaste, eggs:imagine socks sitting on the
back porch, stepping on a tube of toothpaste in the driveway, and running over a carton of eggs
at the street corner."
name the types of memory "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>1)  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Sensory Memory
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>2)  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Working Memory
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>3)  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Short-Term Memory
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>4)  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Long-Term Memory (LTM) </span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">episodic </span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">semantci </span></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
define diffrenet types of long-term memory?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Explicit Memory </span>=<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Declarative</span> = Requires <span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);"">CONSCIOUS,</span> intentional recall.
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Implicit Memory =</span> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Non-declarative</span>, or <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Procedural</span>)= Automatic,
</div>
<div><span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);"">UNCONSCIOUS </span>recall, usually of skills, procedures, or conditioned responses. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
draw a graphic that related all types of the memory "<img src=""paste-81daea11b22ffc22aaa7a2c886ae26ad407da448.jpg"">"
what is sensory memory?information first proccesd by it, very short-lived, sometimes called echoic or iconic 
duration of sesnory memort?matter of seconds if dont transfer to working or short term memroy 
what is working memory, its capacity and duration to hold the info?"When information is in working
memory, it is being actively engaged with<br>duartion: 1<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">0-15 seconds</span> without rehresal<br>pacity of working
memory is <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">limited (i.e., 7 + 2 units)</span>"
what is the duration and capacity of long-term memory?<br>LIMITLESS
what is episodic memory?"a type of long-term memory that involves conscious <span style=""text-decoration-line: underline;""><a href=""https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=592234037&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS938US938&biw=941&bih=757&q=recollection&si=ALGXSlbsnhJrQT67VON4kgaynbBxyx8MkQ2SVJYFU0jyA7nq4B_dVW-waFxgWFdKkL2SUkkVoaBHnfI9q2Bg3RwM3atpqD4bWfzhknisJKZOiLYGY01y64M%3D&expnd=1"">recollection</a></span> of previous experiences together with their context in terms of time, place, associated emotions, etc."
what is semantci memory?"a type of l<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">ong-term memory</span> involving the capacity to recall <span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 255);"">words, concepts, or numbers,</span> which is essential for the use and understanding of language.<br><br><img src=""paste-ef61ca724c1805db7818d29d9d339022b3ca2410.jpg"">"
remebre the graph for types of the memory "<img src=""paste-1e89bdfaa1d9fcdf02ce20c1a1fa572916a0f0d2.jpg"">"
what does semnatic netwrok mean?"theory that explains how our Long term memory s<span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 255);"">tores concenpts</span> and <span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 255);"">relationship</span> among them. <br><br>"
what does semantic network mean?"long-trem is web-like network of concepts<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Each concept is called a <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">node= shown as corcle or ovals</span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> lines used to represent relation among concepts ( longer= less strong relationship )</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">each node (concept)0 is ocnncetd to multiple related nodes </span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">ex) afr tp vehicle to truck to fire engines </span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><div> <div> <div> <div> Superordinate and Modifier. </div> </div> </div></div></span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div><br>"
what does the node and arrows in semnatci network mean node= cocnept<br>arrows or lines= Relationships between concepts
what are the two types of the links in semantic netwrok?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Superordinate : lconnect the
<span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 255);"">concept </span>to a <span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 255);"">category name</span>, indicating that the concept is a member of a larger class: e.g., cat → mammal.</div>
</li><li><div>Modifier: connect a <span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 255);"">concept t</span>o its<span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 255);""> properties</span> e.g., cat →
whiskers. </div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is spreading avtivation?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>How semantic networks process recall events </div><div>ex)When working
memory focuses attention on a node (1), any nodes directly connected to that node (2) are
activated first. Next, any nodes connected to those nodes are activated (3), and so on. This
is the “spreading” effect indicated in the name of this phenomenon.</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
is the speed of connection between nodes the same?"no, stronger semantic conncetion :<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>thoscetha t aremore similar ormore closely related—
fire more rapidly (demonstrating the power of semantic encoding, elaborative
rehearsal, and The Expensive Memory Principle) </div>
</li><li><div>more frequenct use, fire more rapidly like in spaced repertion </div></li><li><div><br></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is retreuvial "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>any use or application of stored memorty</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what are the three forms of retrevial? define each?<br>"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">Recall</span> = Retrieval and <span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">active</span> statement of, or correct application of, a memory.
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>Recognition = Associating information with an existing memory (THINK: “re-cognition”)
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>Relearning = Increased learning efficiency when reinforcing an <span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">existing memory. </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is a primer in memory is an example of?retrevial cue
what is priming effect?"<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> Presenting a r<span style=""color: rgb(0, 170, 0);"">elated word </span>first increases recall or verification rate. Ex:</div>
</li><li><div>If
DOCTOR is presented before NURSE, it speeds up the recognition of NURSE. In this example,
<span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">DOCTOR is the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">primer </span></span>and <span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">NURSE is the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">target</span>. </span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);""><br></span></div><div><font color=""#aa0000""><span style=""caret-color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">Even if they are structurally similar, this can serve as the priming and make it easier to ember like NIRSE and PURSE</span></font></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
what is typicalicy effect? example"<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Using a typical example of a concept increases recall or verification rate
over using a less-typical example</div>
</li><li><div>ex) robin is a bird is verfied more quickly than  A penguin is a bird”</div><div><div><ul><li><div> because robin is more a common exmaple of a bird<br></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
what is the familiarity effect?example? is the same for everyone?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> Increasing level of familiarity with the example increases recall or
verification rate</div>
</li><li><div>ex)  </div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>“A dog is a mammal” will be verified more quickly than “An aardvark is
a mammal.” </div>
</li>
</ul><div>NO! it varies ecause diffreent peorple can be more familiar with something </div>
</div>
</div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
"what is <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">True-False Effect/</span>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">True </span>statements are <span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">verified more quickl</span>y than false statements are
negated. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the categiry size effect? ex?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Recall and verification rates increase if the category has few
members, and decrease if the category has many member, less memebre= fatser recognistion</div>
</li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>A poodle is a dog” will be
verified more quickly than “A poodle is a mammal”). </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is teh serial position effect? "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Presentation order, or positioning in a list, impacts recall. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is primacy effect? and what is related to?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>redicts that the first few concepts presented at the first of the lsit will be remembered at a higher
rate.</div>
</li><li><div>related to serial position effect  </div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is recenecy effect?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span>predicts that the<span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);""> last few concepts </span>presented will be remembered
at a higher rate. </div>
</li><li><div>rrelated to serial-position effect </div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the interfernce effect? example?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>A <span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">new memory </span>that is very similar to an<span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);""> existing on</span>e can cause
interference, or increased difficulty recalling the original memory </div>
</li><li><div>it is hard tomemeorize teh seocnd phone number becayse of previous one</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
"how doe inncreasing
number of irrelevant connections in a semantic network effcet the recall?"common sense: decrasess it, coz more irrelavent, less recall 
what is proactive inetrenece?"<span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">P</span>roacto=<span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">p</span>reviouse <br>and whats in the name messes with the other<br>so previouse memroies inetrefer with formation of new ones <br>ex) you have a hard time of memrozing a new ohone number becauasew of the OLD ONE <br>so old is messing with making new memeroies <br><br>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">what is retroactive interference and exmaple:</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""when new memroies mess with recall of old ones<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>,because of the limited size of short-term memory, if you have committed several words
to short-term memory, attempting to memorize more words will cause you to forget some of
the original ones). </div>
</li><li><div><br></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
"what is <div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Automatic Spreading Activation </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Said to occur when the primer is a <span style=""font-style: italic;"">category name </span>and
the target is an example <span style=""font-style: italic;"">within </span>that category. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
how does HEIGHTENED EMOTIONAL STATES effect the memroy?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> Memories coded during heightened emotional states are
</div>
<div>usually remembered more easily. </div>
</li><li><div>ex: you were very sad when u saw ur cat score</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the effect of EMOTIONAL INTERFERENCE on memry "very high emtiones can increase the LTM of that one memoery and <span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">derease </span>the strength of<span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);""> other memories</span> occurring immediately before, or at the same time as, the emotional event.<br><br><br><br><br>"
what is positive vs negative recall? what is the expectionn to this?"<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Positive memories = <span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">remembered</span> more easily,</div>
</li><li><div>negative memories =<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">forgotten</span> more easily </div></li>
</ul><div><u>depressed people</u> rremember positive and negative memories equally. <u>Older adults </u>tend to show a stronger
recall bias for positive vs. negative memories. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Ex) positive vs negtaive recall can be i rmeebr the good momnet i had with nima more easily and I forget the fights I had with him even more easily </div>
</div>
</div>"
what is the DIFFERENCES IN LEVEL OF DETAIL for positive vs negative memories?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">Positive memories</span> usually include <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">more accompanying
detail</span> than do negative memories. </div>
</li>
</ul><div><br></div><div>related concept: postive vs negative recall that u remebr the positive memeries more easily and you forget the negtive one more easily, </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Example:' I will remeber the detail of our good memeories with nim ain europe more easily that I remebr the detail fo the fight we had over that stupid picture </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is theSTATE-DEPENDENT LEARNING?"states in which a memory is encoded and retrieved enhances recall.<br>STATE is<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> mood and emotioenster <br>example: when I was in a bad mood, i learned this an now I am in a bad moode, I rememebr thsi again <br><br></span><br><br>context dependent is when you elarn in one contects, you remeber it bette, i learned at HCC so I will remeber it better at HCC"
what is the curve of forgetting look like? nme of the guy asscoieted with this?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Hermann Ebbinghaus </div>
</li>
</ul><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-9d4a5735a0956b34d7b8316f23e764dad09676a3.jpg""><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"based on the memeory curve, <div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">rank the following time intervals,
measured from the first day a memory was encoded, in order of increasing rate of
memory loss: a) day 1-2, b) days 3-5, c) days 12-20, d) days 2-4. </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""om lowest to highest: 12-20, 3-5, 2-10, and 1-2. The point here is that the<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> closer to the point
at which rehearsal ends,</span> the more information is <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">lost more quickly</span>. After the first few days,
there is a very gradual decay in the information that is retained."
what can be counted as normal with age in terms of memoryloss?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Some degree of mild memory loss, or a small decrease in cognitive function.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
for memory loss and aging, which memory declines sharpets and mostnotcibiale?"<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Source meory: what was the rource of the memeory? who told me about it or wheredid i learn about this?</span></div></li><li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Episodic Memory  ex)</span></div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Autobiographical; What did
I do last Friday night? Where was I when Kennedy was assassinated?</div></li>
</ul><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
what memry in aging has little to no decline?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> Semantic Memory or </span>Implicit Memory, including<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> Procedural Memory.</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is alzhemir diease and how does it charactrzued? onset age?"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>neurodegenerative disease characterized by <u>memory loss,</u>
<u>impaired cognition</u>, and <u>language deterioration </u></div>
</li>
</ol><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>onset is usually, <u>but not alway</u>s, a<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">t age 65 or
greater </span></div>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div></div></div></div>
</div>"
name three late stage sympotms of alzhemire ndiease "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>loss of judgment, confusion, and
drastic mood and personality changes. </div>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div></div>"
what are the biological markers of alzheimer diease? Which part of the brain size increases and which one decrease "<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">outside the cel</span>l: there is an aggarte of B-
amyloid peptides which are in healthy peeple get snipped off and recycled, so they for amyloid plaques outside the cells<br>behtash outside<br><br><br>i<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">nside the cell, </span>in cytosopl, Tau protein get hyper phosphorlayed which make them to naggrate and become insoulable =<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">neurofibrillary tangles<br></span><br>brain size in frontal and temporofrontal and frontal cortex and hippo = decreases exteremly <br><br>ventricle sizes increases "
what is Korsakoff’s Syndrome?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span>A brain disorder resulting from severe thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency,
most often resulting from chronic alcohol abuse. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
how does alcholol result in karkasof syndorm?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Alcohol inhibits the conversion of thiamine to its active form, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) </div>
</li><li><div>chronic laocholis vomit, have poor diet and GI lining inflamation leading ton vitamin defeicnecy </div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy?is it treatbale?another name?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> mild version of the condition that precedes Korsakoff’s</div>
</li><li><div>  fully treatble with IV vitamin injection and stop alcohol drinking </div></li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Wernickes-Korsakoff Syndrome” f </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is amnesia?. Amnesia is the loss of memory as a result of brain damage, injury, or psychological trauma
is manesia and forgetting teh same thing?no <br>amnesia is due to a brain injury <br>forgetting is normal loss od recall as a resulf of fedaing memroy traces 
Anterograde amnesia is ......"A<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">nter</span>ograde= new , <br>inability to create new memories<br>the stuff before the accident that made antero is remebered <br>ex0 you get into an ccidents, you cant form new memroies but still remember the privioud ones<br>example: girl from the movei of hamid goodarzi<br>"
Retrograde amnesia is Retro=previos <br>you cannot rembered the stuff from before teh accident but you can form new memories <div><br></div><div>The vowed  movie that the girl didn’t remembered the  her  husband </div>
what is dementia ?"a <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">gradual,
long-term decline in one’s general mental function or capability that is severe enough to
interfere with one’s daily lif</span>e.<br><br><br><br> It can include loss of memory, but also other mental functions
associated with gradual decline or disease-based damage of the central nervous system.<br><br><br>so this is agradual declien rather than amenisa which happesn as a brain injury "
what is Prospective memory?erxaple?"ability to rewmber to do something in future <br><br>a patient remembering to take their medication, or a student remembering to return a
library book<br>"
what is memroy constrcution? name three "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>The creation, fabrication, or recall of <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">false </span>memories. </div>
</li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Confabulation  </span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Misinformation Effect =</div>
</li>
</ul><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Source Monitoring Errors </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div></span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
whatv is confabulation? what is it related to "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Fabrication of false, but usually vi<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">vid and detailed memories </span>to fill in the
</div>
<div>gaps in a coherent story or memory. Often observed in Alzheimer’s or Korsakoff’s patients. </div>
</li>
</ul><div>related to memory constrcution </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is missineformation effect?what is related to?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>tudies have proven that the presentation of inaccurate post-event
information can cause an accurate memory to be altered or recalled inaccurately. </div>
</li><li><div>after abji wedding, they told us that they were not mehmoon navz, eventho they wree, our memory of that chnaged</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is ce Monitoring Errors? what is its other name? related to what concept"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">source amnesia</span>.</div>
</li><li><div>  </div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Recall errors in which the source of the memory is inaccurately
identified </div>
</li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>memory for the source of
information (Source Memory) is not specifically labeled during encoding.  </div>
</li><li><div>related to memroy constrcution where cretaion, fabication of the not reall mmeory happens</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
name the two jusdments you ca use in source montiring error?"<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Heuristic Judgments:<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">UNCONSCIOUS </span>determination of the source based on c<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">lues</span> or <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">short-cuts associated </span>with the memory.</div></li><li><div> </div></li><li><div>systematic Judgments :CONSCIOUS determination of the source based on intentional logical evaluation of the<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> details remembered.</span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
what is neural plasticity?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>e ability of the brain and its neurons to physically
change in response to various stimuli and for various reasons.  </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what are the vents that shape the neuralplasitict?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Development: </div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Memory Storage </div>
</li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>CNS Injury:</div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does glail cells do?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>support cells such as Oligodendrocytes)</div>
</li><li><div>remebr glial=gel=support </div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo does adult brain compred to infant brain?"<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><div>Infants have</div></li><li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Approximately the same number of neurons
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">More synapses</span></div></li><li><div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Fewer glial cells </span>(e.g., support cells such as Oligodendrocytes) </div></li>
</ul><div>exmaple: Emma has sme number of neruosn as us, but topoli has more synapesbecause she wanna learn more and she has fewer supoor cells beacuse she is so small yet </div>
</div>
</div>"
what is synaptic pruning? what is teh smilar concpet you relate ot to ?"decrases nin the number of synapses through destruction
of some synapses and strengthening of others "
"what happens to the weaktes<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;""> least-frequently-used
synapses vs </span><span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">strongest, most-frequently-used synapses </span>"prunes, strenghthend
what dopes it mena when a synaps is pruned or strnegthens?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>he <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">weakest, least-frequently-used
synapses are pruned</span>, while the <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">strongest, most-frequently-used synapses are
strengthened</span>. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
which memory( long or short) result in chaning the nuron itslef?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Long-Term Memory traces, however, are always the
result of<span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);""> </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);"">physical changes</span> </span>to the neuron itself. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"what memery result in tempro chemical
or electrical traces?"short-term 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> A neuron can ....... to
strengthen a neuronal connection, and can alter the synaptic membrane to either increase or
decrease the strength of an individual synapse. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"grow additional dendrites 
what is LTP ? define it and ecxampel "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">long-Term Potentiation </span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>The persistent strengthening of a synapse
based on increased activity at that synapse; </div>
</li>
</ul><div>so stnergthing of a synaps</div>
</div>
</div></div></span></div></li><li><div><br></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what may be lead to LTP?"LTP= long term potentiation<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>n increase in pre-synaptic neurotransmitter bundles, and/or </div>
</li><li><div>an increase in post-
synaptic ion channel receptors. </div></li><li><div>An increase in gene expression (transcription and
translation of the gene product protein) has been positively correlated with LTP. </div></li>
</ul><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>what is longtrem potentiotion?</div><div><b>a process involving persistent strengthening of synapses that leads to a long-lasting increase in signal transmission between neuron</b><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is LDP? define it "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Long-Term Depression</div>
</li><li><div> </div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>The persistent weakening of a synapse based on
decreased activity.</div>
</li><li><div>opposist of LTP  </div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo does CNS inury proceed by the brain?<br>"after inuury, brain can reassigen some of  the injured portion of the brain to other brain regions.<br>exmaple: severe seizure
cases, one full hemisphere is removed to prevent seizures. If done at a young enough
age, the remaining hemisphere will take over all of the functions of the missing
hemisphere. In such cases, the patient can lead a neurologically normal life."
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Autism researchers have discovered that adolescents with severe autistic behavior have significantly
more neuronal synapses than do non-autistic children of the same age. This symptom could be the
result of a decrease in:</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> </div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>A)  long-term potentiation
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>B)  long-term depression
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>C)  synaptic pruning
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>D)  neurotransmitter levels </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>""C <br><br>why is it not B<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>removal of unused or less-frequently used synapses, especially during child development.
A decrease in the removal rate would result in a greater number of synapses, making Answer C correct.  </div><div><br></div><div>A ans B is the stength of teh synaps not the number of synapses </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
how rto distinguish between Long termp depressioon and prunning [running is teh remoival of unsed or less frequnet synapses, but LTD is affecting teh stength of teh synaps 
compare memroy and learning agian "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Memory is<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> the encoding, storage, and retrieval of INFORMATION.</span>
</div>
<div>o</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Learning is a relatively stable c<u>hange in BEHAVIOR,</u> based on experience. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is habituation ?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span>A <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">decreased response </span>to a stimulus after the stimulus has been presented multiple
times, due to a shift of attention away from the stimulus. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>ex)? you ecame habituated to teh bark of jinji, so your angru resposne is decarsed</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is dishabiutaion?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">increased response </span>to a stimulus after habituation has already occurred. The
old stimulus is suddenly reacted to as if it were new. </div><div>your response to jinji bark increases as he was just started ton barking </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
Hbaituation vs dishabituation Habit= decrase in resposne <br>dishabitaion = increase in repsponse 
when does dishabiation happen?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>After a long period of stimulation, </div><div>when habituation is becoming
significant, </div><div>and a second stimulus is then introduced</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>. This is thought to disrupt the process of
habituation. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is sensitization?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>an i<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">ncreased response </span>to a stimulus after the stimulus has been presented <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">multiple
times.</span> </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is teh oppositeb of habitiation?sensitaization 
where does sensistaization doesnt get used?qhere do you apply itv then?"<div>
<div>
<div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>NOT in associative learning </div><div> applied to the i<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">ncreasing strength of the response</span> in a biological positive feedback system.</div><div>dishabiation is teh frequency of the resposne </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is teh opposte of tolerence?sensitization 
what is classical conditioningh"think about making two stimulis in one class, so you do classical contioning <br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">: </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">Learning to associate one stimulus with another. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div><br>"
what is the first thing to think when you see classical condtioning?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Classical Conditioning = INSTINCTUAL
RESPONSES </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what arethe stimulus types in classical conditiong?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">Learning to associate one stimulus with another.</span></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Neutral </span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Conditioned
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Unconditioned </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""> </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
name teh repsosne type in classcial conditiong?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Conditioned
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Unconditioned Response </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
"define <div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">neutral stimulus and make an example  </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""A neutral stimulus: is a stimulus that does not elicit a response in the absence of learning. it doesnt create a response <br>neutral stimulus is the tone or bell that was used in Pavlov’s study with
dogs"
what is the uncitioned stilumles"e stimulus that naturally elicits a
response"
hwo can neutral stimulus becomes a stiumules that elcicit a respones?"neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with some stimulus that naturally elicits a
response (aka the unconditioned stimulus)"
what is the condtioned stimuluius?"If a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with some stimulus that naturally elicits a
response (aka the unconditioned stimulus) then the neutral stimulus can become a conditioned
stimulus to elicit a conditioned response."
give exampls of neutral stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus in pavloes story "neurtal was teh bell that resulted in no respones <br>uncondtiones= food gived to dog at Pavlov presented to his dogs because food elicits salivation without any
prior learning<br>contioned stimules= bell after being assocosited with food<br>"
give an examples of conditioned vs unconditioned respones in pavlos dog uncodntioned was salvation due to the UNCONDTIONED stiumules?( food)<br><br>slavation due to the tone of the bell which bacem a condtioned stiumules is the contiuoned repsones 
what does acquired meant in the clasical condtioning?"As
associations between the neutral and unconditioned stimuli become learned such that the
formerly neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus, then we say that the association
between the stimuli has been acquired"
what does exticntion mean in claasical learning "Once an association has<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> been acquired, it</span> can be
extinguished by repeatedly presenting the <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">conditioned stimulus wit</span>hout the unconditioned
stimulus. Over time, the animal will stop exhibiting the conditioned response to the conditioned
stimulus, and we say that extinction has occurred"
does classcial learning exctinction mean the animal is forgetting teh aasocieting between condtioned aand uncodntioned stimuli?"he animal is not simply forgetting
the original association between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli and will
occasionally show a conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus even though the
conditioned stimulus has been extinguished= spontunes recovery "
what does spontunes recovery?"after exctinction, mal is not simply forgetting
the original association between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli and will
occasionally show a conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus even though the
conditioned stimulus has been extinguished.<br><br>"
what does generalizatin mean in classcial condtioning?when conditioned stimulis are similar, , but not identical to the conditioned stimulus itself, individuals will generalize (generalization) a conditioned response nto these similar condtioned stiumli
what is discrimination in terms of classical conditing? what conectp it is oppsite tothis?", individuals will learn to respond to <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">only the
conditioned stimulu</span>s itself while i<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">gnoring</span> other very similar stimuli, <br><br>like u only reposnes ot the tone of bell but not the tone of phone "
what is opernat condtiong?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">Learning to associate a behavior with a consequence. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what to think when see oeprtant condtiong?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">OperantConditioning=REINFORCEMENT OR
PUNISHMENT OF VOLUNTARY BEHAVIOR! </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the doffrenec between claassic and operant condtiong "claasic is associting one stiumuls to another and evloes around instinctual response,<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Operant Conditioning everything hinges on consequences which are punishments or nreinfromnest </div><div>in operant, people voluntarily <span style=""font-style: italic;"">choose </span>to perform or avoid a behavior
because they associate it with a positive or negative <span style=""font-style: italic;"">consequence</span>.</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"what are the types of <div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Reinforcement or Punishment: </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Positive
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Negative
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Primary
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Conditioned (Secondary) </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">a conceptual definition for  </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">shaping</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""Shaping describes the reinforcement of successive approximations for some target behavior. If
you’ve ever tried to teach a dog to sit on command, you know that you can’t expect the dog to
sit the first time it’s told to do so. Rather, you shape the dog’s behavior gradually for doing
things that are similar to sitting until you have it sitting regularly on command."
what si extcntion in opernat condtioing "Extinction is the
elimination of a behavior that has previously been acquired. Extinction occurs when a behavior
results in no consequences"
what does reinformnat  and punishment in operant condtioing mean?"Reinformnet: defined as anything that makes a behavior more
likely to occur in the future.<br>Punishmnet :defined as anything that makes a behavior less likely to occur. P"
what is positives vs negative re reinformnet?"Positive reinforcement is the <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">presentation of a stimulus in order to
reinforce a behavior.</span> <br>For instance, if you<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> give a child a piece of cand</span>y for cleaning their room,
you have positively reinforced the “room cleaning” behavior. <br><br><br><br>Negative reinforcement is the r<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">emoval of a stimulus</span> in order to reinforce a behavior. For instance, when you buckle your seat
belt in your car, the annoying seat belt alarm turns off, which reinforces your seatbelt buckling
behavior"
what is postives vs negative pusnihment? give exmple"Positive
punishment involves presenting something to result in punishment. Parents who spank their
children to try to make bad b<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">ehavior less common are attempting t</span>o use positive punishment.<br><br><br> Negative punishment involves removing something to make behavior less likely to occur in the
future. Parents who punish children by taking away phone privileges are attempting to use
negative punishment to modify their children’s behaviors."
what is a condtioned reinformnet?"it is the secondary reifnorce, A conditioned reinforcer has no
reinforcing value, in and of itself, but rather it takes on reinforcing value because it has been
associated with a primary reinforcer<br>ex)The green papers with pictures of dead presidents on
them that we carry around in our wallets have no intrinsic value. However, because, in the past,
paper money has been paired with food, water, shelter, and other rewards, the paper takes on a
reinforcing value by association. Without that association, green slips of paper would not
provide any reinforce"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">“</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">Cumulative # of Responses</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">” </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">vs. Time for the following reinforcement
schedules: a) fixed-ratio, b) fixed-interval, c) variable-ratio, d) variable-interval. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<img src=""paste-327a725946eea757c4c84d36951c4ae519b4a24f.jpg"">"
define punishment and how does it effect teh repsones "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">DECREASES the frequency of a behavior. </span>Punishments weaken the
behavioral response, decrease its frequency, or stop it altogether.  </span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">DO NOT THINK about good or bad, think about decarse the frwuncy of the repones</span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
defines reinfromnet and effetcs on behvriour "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> INCREASES the frequency of a behavior. </span>Reinforcement strengthen
the behavioral response, or i<u>ncrease its frequency. </u></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
defines the two Reactions to Negative Reinforcement: "first, - rei mean remving a stiumlues ot increase the frequency of repsones<br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Escape Learning </span>= Subject adopts a behavior to reduce or end an unpleasant stimulus.
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Avoidance Learning </span>= Subject adopts a behavior to avoid an unpleasant stimulus in the
future. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div><br>"
defines escape learning "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> Subject adopts a behavior to<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> reduce or end an unpleasant stimulus. </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
defines avpidnace learning "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>ubject adopts a behavior <u>to avoid an unpleasant stimulus in the
future </u></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
how escape learning and avoidences related to opertant codntiing they both are rections to negative reinformnet 
remember the table for opertant condtiong "<img src=""paste-e2076406d358ee24b4d3061ef06773db92ddf54c.jpg"">"
define the congetives processes and efine them "<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Automatic </span>= <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">UNCONSCIOUS, uni</span>ntentional, and stimulus-driven. Stimulus-driven means the
association is determined by the event (stimulus) experienced. </div></li><li><div>R<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">ule-Based Processing </span>= <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">CONSCIOU</span>S and intentional. Driven by BOTH the event (stimulus)
experienced, AND by language, cognition, or formal reasoning. </div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
what is automatic processing oin cgontion?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>UNCONSCIOUS, unintentional, and stimulus-driven. Stimulus-driven means the
association is determined by the event (stimulus) experienced. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is rule based processing "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>= CONSCIOUS and intentional. Driven by BOTH the event (stimulus)
experienced, AND by language, cognition, or formal reasoning. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
which of the processing limit the applictibly of associative learning?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>R</div>
</li><li><div>ules-Based Processing </div></li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Humans, in particular, will
learn to “expect” or “anticipate” an unconditioned stimulus. Subjects will also perceive
and apply external reasoning schemas in order to alter, manipulate, or avoid the
conditioning process. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
defines latent learning "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> Learning that exists WITHOUT the presentation of a reward,
but is spontaneously demonstrated once a reward is presented. </span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">ex)</span></div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>or example, mice
with access to a maze have been shown to “learn” to negotiate the maze on their own,
without reinforcement of any kind. Subsequently, when a food reward is offered on the
other side of the maze they negotiate the maze to obtain the food. This is a <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">LIMIT on
the applicability of associative learning </span>because it shows that various cognitions,
ABSENT conditioning, still result in learning. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
can leanring happen in teh absens of condtiong? what exaple can u think of ?yes, latent learning like the mice in the maze 
how can biological predispotions limit the appliclity of asssociate learning "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Biological Predispositions = Every subject, animal or human, has biological instincts that
predispose them toward adaptive responses, decreasing the likelihood that conditioned responses
contrary to those predispositions will endure. <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">This is another LIMIT on the applicability of
associative learning. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">InstinctiveDrift defineition:  </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>=Thetendency of a subject ofopera ntconditioning  to revert roma conditioned
response to an instinctual response—</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>often one that is similar to the conditioned response. (e.g.,
any behavior similar to food-seeking behaviors are very difficult to replace with a conditioned
response because the animal has strong food-related instincts. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is obervatiobnal learning "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Observationallearningisa<span style=""font-style: italic;"">generalized</span>termdescribinganylearningthatresultsfromobservation
of the behavior of others. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is social-cognition theory/"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Social-Cognitive Theory is a broad psychologic that  explain <u>behavior,
learning </u>and other phenomena </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo does social cogntion theory diffre from observatiola learning "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>SocialCognitiveTheoryINCLUDESobservationallearningasoneofitstenants,h </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
name the foru tenates of social cogintion tehory "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences AND
cognitive processes. </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
how id alber bandura? what theory he is assoited with?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>:OriginatoroftheSocial-CognitiveTheory.</div>
</li><li><div>Hconducted the Bobo Doll Experiment. </div></li><li><div>He is very often discussed with respect to observational learning. </div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is mdoeling in obeservtaional learnoing "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>he process of learning a behavior by watching others and then mimicking their behavior </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what outcome can mdoeling have in trems of learing teh behioru we can learn to model or NOT to mimick peopl's behiour
what are mirrio neurons?"at are active when we watch someone else perform a
behavior, and fire again when we do the behavior ourselves."
wheer are mirror neurosn are located?"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">motor</span> and sensory areas such as the primary<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> motor cortex </span>(labeled as somatomotor cortex and the <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">somatosensory corte</span>x<br><br><img src=""paste-77a2ce3b21399d41f9642e5e10fabb44e392e1af.jpg"">"
when does mirror neruosn fire?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>when we feel an emotion,and when we
observe someone else feeling that emotion. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what to think when see potive or negative in oeprnat condtiong?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>e presence or absence of a stimulus, </div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
define snesation "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>he detection of environmental stimuli by sensory receptors, conversion of those stimuli to an
electrical impulse, and transmission of that impulse to the Central Nervous System (CNS). </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does senation threshhold mean?" <div> <div> <div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Threshold=Theminimummagnitudeofastimulus,ortheminimumdifferenceinmagnitude
between two stimuli, that can be perceived by the CNS. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div></div> </div> </div>"
what does absolute threshodl mean?"An absolute threshold communicates information about
how sensitive a given sensory system is. It is usually defined as the minimum amount of
stimulation that can be detected about 50% of the time<br>ex)you how bright (or dim) a light must be, or how loud a sound must be, in order to
be detected half of the time"
what is the JND? its other name?"The difference threshold (a.k.a., justnoticeable-difference, JND) refers to our ability to discriminate among sensory stimuli of
varying intensities.<br>the difference threshold is determined by how much
difference must exist between two stimuli in order to determine that one is more (or less)
intense than the other.<br><br><br><b> just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">.</span>"
defines webers law, formual amnd exmaple"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">he minimum just-noticeable-difference (JND) for a stimulus is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus. </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><b>For the weight of magnitude, I = 5.0 kg, the increment threshold I = 0.5 kg.</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);""> </span><b>The ratio of I/I for both instances (0.2/2.0 = 0.5/5.0 = 0.1) is the same</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">. </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><img src=""paste-864bd6e1bd495d10bd13eedf736756bad5e78ac0.jpg""><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what do u do for webers law to detrein the ratio?take the diffrenev between orgina and the new stiumle and then use that diffrenec ad fidn teh ratio campred to teh original one <br>from 25-27, we have 2/25<br>
name all the vectors u know velocity <br>displacmnet <br>accelaration <br>force <br>weight <br>electric field and magentic <br>mementum <br>impulse <br>troque 
name all the scalar u knowtime tempreture<br>density <br>WORK<br>energy <br>speed<br><br><br><br><br>mnnmoicn= when u work, you dont have energy sou need to speed up the work so you can do you thinsg doen density 
what is the momentum and is it vector or scalar?MASS* Velocity <br>needs to be vector because we have vector* scalar
why impulse is vector?impulse=f*time<br>force is vector so the overall is a vector 
name the multipliction of two vectors and define each "1) product is <span style=""color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">sc</span>alar<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">(dot)</span> : multiple by <span style=""color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">C</span>O<span style=""color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">S</span><br><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">2) product is vector(cross): mutiple by Sin</span>"
what is dot product and how do u get it from two vectros? example?<br>"dot=scalar= mutilple by cos<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);""> like work is a scalr as a result of Force and distnace, both are vetors, but work is scalar </span>  <span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">so mutilple by cos  </span>    <span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">   </span>      "
what is corss product? hwo do u get it ? example"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">cross is multiplction of two vector that result in a vector product   multiple by sin, example is torque which is a vector asa result of two vectors  so T:FSDIN</span>"
a vector mutlipe by a scalr is "<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">ALWASY a vector  because u always will left with the direction of vector </span>"
vector* vector can be (scalar or vector?"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">both  remeber the dot and cross products</span>"
what is force in simple terms?"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">any influnce that can cause an mass to accelarate</span>"
force unti is "<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">newton  kgm/s2   </span>"
force formula "<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">f=ma  unti is newton or kgm/s2</span>"
what is inertia?"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">abiliy of an object to resist a chnage in its velocity  </span>"
what the definition of mass"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">measure of obejct inertia ( which is the ability to resist changes in velocity</span>"
what is newtons first law?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> object in motion tends to stay in motion (in the same direction and at the
same speed), and an object at rest tends to stay at rest, unless acted upon by some <span style=""font-style: italic;"">net </span>external
force. <span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);""> simple form:         </span></div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">Objects with a constant velocity maintain a constant
velocity unless acted upon by a net outside force </span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the center of the mass "<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">the weighted average of mass distribution    it is a location or a pipoint at which the whole pf the mass of the body or all the masses of a systme appear to concentrate</span>"
equation for the center of the mass is "<img src=""paste-4e90e1b03958feb4919bba4911f95853b9078104.jpg"">"
where is the center of gravity?remebr the related formula"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">exactly at the centr of the mass  </span><img src=""paste-4e90e1b03958feb4919bba4911f95853b9078104.jpg"">"
what is the center of buoyancy?"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">excalty at the centr of themass of the fluid that was displaced v</span><div><div><div><ul><li>
<div>object (NOT at the center of mass of the submerged object itself). </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is newtons second law?"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">fNET=ma </span>"
what does it mean when u have constant force in terms of velocity "<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">result in a changing velocity but CONSTANT <br>ACCELARTION not a constant velocity!!!</span>"
does constant force mean constant velocity?"<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 1);"">NOOOO it means chnaging velocity which is a constant accelartion </span>"
what are the two rules for accelartion?exampleobejct MUST be <br>1) contact with what it made the force of it OR<br>2)be under the influence of the force field <br><br><br>so if you throw the ball hrozientaly, it only accelarte as long it is in contnact with the object creating the force which is ur hand in this case<br><br>2) when ball thrown from a top, gravity which is a source field makes it to accelaret!!!<br>
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 32, 96);"">A loaded spring shoots a ball across a flat table. After the ball is no longer in contact with the spring,
the acceleration of the ball will: (Note: ignore friction) </span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>"remeber, accelartion on horizantal is happening only when the thing is in the contanct with the spinr, after that, it will be no accelartion so it will beocme zero and stays constant
newton third law and example?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Whenever one object exerts a force (action) on a second object, the second object always exerts an
</div>
<div>equal and opposite force (reaction) on the first object. </div><div>like I push down on the table(action)? and the tavle pushes up on my hand </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the defention of displacmnet?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>The shortest distance between point A and point B. </div><div><br></div><div>vector!</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
compare distance vs displacment "<span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">D</span>isplacment: vectors, path-independant, shoretst between the start and end and it has <span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">d</span>irection <br><br><br>Distnace: the entire path you took, path dependant, and scalar"
what is the velocity?"rate of  chnage of dispclamnet <br><img src=""paste-e8e4a5ad502a72b3a6bba44129c9272b4e86c31c.jpg"">"
speed formula "<img src=""paste-3971a2edcf7bdccadbeaacb1a0ebeb88296f22fc.jpg"">"
what to remebr when MCAT asks about <br><br>mass force or accelartion always think about f=ma <br>which is newtons second law, 
when can velocity and speed be the same?"when you can treat “speed” the same as “velocity” <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">if </span>(and only if) the question makes it clear
that the distance traveled is along a straight line<br> "
what are 5 things to remebr when see constant velocity "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">1) No acceleration<br>
2) No net force<br>
3)All forces sum to zero</span>(i.e.,upforces=downforces,leftforces=rightforces,etc.)</div><div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">4) No change in direction<br>
5</span>) The object is in equilibrium </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does accelartion mean conceptually?example?chnage in the velocity, we call it accelartion <br>it can be eithe rthe direction or the magniture of velocity <br>example: if you go from .00001 m/s to 0.000011 m/s. there is an accelartiob coz velocity has chnaged  
can change in the direction of velocity account for accelartion "<span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">Acceleration is therefore a change in either speed or direction, or both.</span>"
name the 6 steps that you need to follow for linear motion graohs "1) what does the slope represent<br>2)<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">Is this slope (+) or (-)? What does the
sign of the slope tell you?<br>3)</span><span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">Is the slope constant (straight line) or non-constant (curved line)? What does this
observation tell you? </span><span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;""> <br></span>4)<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">hat value is on the y-axis? </span><br>5)<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">Is the y value (+) or (-) (i.e., is the line above or below the x-axis?). <br></span>6)<span style=""font-weight: 700;""> </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Do you expect the value on the y-axis to be large or small at the beginning? </span><br>"
"what does the<span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);""> slope </span>on the displamnet vs time tells you? how abput velocity vs time "velocity, accelartion 
what the does teh sign of the slope in displacmnet vs time and velocity vs time tells you?"<div>
<div>
<div>positive slope on a displacement vs. time
graph tells us that velocity is positive.
Therefore, by convention, the motion is to
the right. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>on velicty vs time, slope is accelartion ls us absolutely nothing about which way the particle is moving.  </div>
</div>
</div>"
how do you knwo if the slope of the line is increasing or decarsing?"<b>If the graph of a line rises from left to right, the slope is positive</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">. If the graph of the line falls from left to right the slope is negative.</span>"
hwo do you knwo if the slope is constant or is chnaging "srateigh line= slope is constant <br>curved line= slope is chnaing <br><br><img src=""paste-73939ca06fa3c566e335703eeb472964aba4ffa6.jpg""><br>"
what does it mena when a line on graph lies below or above x-ais?above is Y value is positive <br>below is Y value is negative 
what does the graph of velocity vs time of a somhting coming down need to like?the velocity needs to be high on Y value!!<br>
"what does it mean when on a velocity vs time :<br>1)<span style=""font-style: italic;"">he line </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">crosses the x-axis<br>2) </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">e line
forms a sharp corner, <br></span>3)<span style=""font-style: italic;"">line is perfectly horizontal. </span>""1)<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>velocity went from positive to negative; in other
words, the particle turned around;</div>
</li><li><div><img src=""paste-3b409157179fedfabf6ac58d7ec56e400e1bac98.jpg""> A corner (where slope abruptly changes from positive to
negative or vice versa) tells us that the direction of the acceleration vector abruptly reversed</div></li><li><div>constant velocity, zero accelartion( remebr the 6 things from constnat velocity )</div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"what does these mean on a <span style=""font-style: italic;"">displacement vs. time graph <br></span><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">1) the line </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">crosses the x-axis, 2) the line
forms a sharp corner, and 3) the line is perfectly horizontal. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>" 1) means we crossed the origin ( we got back go the stratin line)<br>2) the velocity is changing menas we are chnaging directions and teh object has changed directions porbbaly <br>3) displacement is constant, which means the object is standing stil<i>, v</i>elocity is zero because the slope of the line is zero 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">Conceptually define acceleration   three ways</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""1)e change in velocity each second<br>2) “rate of change” of
velocity<br>3)the change
in m/s each second <br> "
what do you knwo when an oject's velocity gain or lose whe it  is going up, ignoring resistance?"up= loses 10 m/s of velocity each
second.<br>fall= it gains velocity at 10m/s
each second. "
formual for average velocity "<img src=""paste-c41023c3b16ec702f236945f4f5714de42fcb62a.jpg""><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>elocity, simply take the initial
velocity and <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">add </span>it to the final velocity, then divide by two. You will only consider the upward half of
the motion, or downward half of the motion, and then one of them will always be zero. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
if you have velocity for exmaple at 100 m/s and wanna know hwo long it takes to take get to it max height, what do u do?welll rmeber that 10 m/s is the velocity chnage, so to get to 100, you need 10 of the 10 m/s <br>so 10 seconds ut takes  
how do u calculate how much distnace you travled"1) find average velocity ( v1+v2/2)<br>2)use <img src=""paste-f0b5a49b0eb4be23d60eb68134b995fb72e7d531.jpg""><br>velcity* time= how far (or how high) the object traveled. "
what to remeber when see a projectike motion?"1) horizental velocity never chnages as long as air resistnace is ignored <br>2) Horizontal acceleration always =0 <br>3)Vertical acceleration always=10m/s2 downward <br>4)<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Vertical behavior is exactly symmetrical </span>(i.e.,ifignoringairresistance,aprojectile’supward
trip is identical to its downward trip) </div></li>
</ol><div>5)Time in the air depends on the vertical component of velocity only </div><div>6) Range depends on both the vertical and horizontal components of velocity </div>
</div>
</div></div><br><br>"
what happesn to cos if the angles is higher ? example?as cos gets bugger , the cos gets samller<br>cos 30= 0.9<br>cos 60=.5 <br><br>smaller angles, higher cos <br>
for  projectile motion, what determines the time of the ball in the air?ONLY ONLY the vertical component
Calculate range or horizental travled distancene in projectile motion? "<div>
<div>
<div><ul><li>Range, or horizontal distance traveled, is a new value asked for in projectile motion. </li></ul></div><div><br></div><div><ul><li>It is the product of velocity in the x-direction (<span style=""font-style: italic;"">V</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">x</span>) and time (<span style=""font-style: italic;"">t</span>). </li></ul></div><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-84178e96ec2d873b649ab92423766ba5937fbf0e.jpg""><br><br></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is the formula for final velocity when given drop height?"<img src=""paste-f87032c92970fbeeb7a53d19fab96cc0759e9e6c.jpg"">"
formual for total time in the air and which V variable you use?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">t</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">air</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">= 2V/g </span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">it is for round trip time </span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">V is the VErtical coz remebr thats the only one we care for time in projectile motion </span></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is air resistance?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>force exerted on projectiles or falling bodies<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> due to actual physical collisions with
</span></div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">
</span><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">air molecules.</span><br>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what can effect the magnitute of air resistance?"1) cross section, shape and velocity <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">greater cross-sectional area = more air resistance</span></div></li><li><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">less aerodynamic = more air resistance </span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(255, 0, 127);"">increased velocity= more air resis</span></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is terminal velcoity? ehat forces are balanced? and what formual you can use for it?"<div>
<div>
<div>At terminal velocity, the object has stopped accelerating; </div><div>the forces of gravity and air resistance are now balanced.</div><div>Fair=mg  </div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div>"
with air resitance, does obejcts with different masses reach the ground at the same time ?no, with air resitance, heavier objects reach teh groung faster as the mg is bigger, so Fair is bigger and heavier reach the floor sooner 
when in vaccume, is there a terminal velocity?vaccume= no air resisterminal= when stop accelarting <br>so no, in vaccume you keep accelarting!!!<br>
when no air resistance, does hevaier object reach the ground faster?no, both arraive at the same time because their accelartion is the same 
what is the formual for FORCe due to gravity?<br>also referd to as ...."<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">F = Gm</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">1</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">m</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">/r</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2<br>
</span></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div> “inverse square law </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
in the force due to gravity, what is th e unit of G?Nm2/kg2
what is the definition of gravity "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> Gravity is a field that exists between any two objects with mass.<br>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what to think when see a feild in ohsyica?an inevisibile influence that can exetret a force on a mass or charge<br><br>relate: gravity which is a feild exist bwteen obejcts with masses
what is the force of gravity near the earth "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">F = mg </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
formlua for Gravitational Potential Energy:mgh 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Gravitational Potential Energy of fluid formual and why is the ""m"" term been replaced?</div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">PE </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">= ρgh </span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">fluid has mass but they dont move as a unite single, we replace the desnity so PE is per unite volume of fludi </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the formual for accelartion due to gravity? what is the ither formual it can get coinfused with?"accelartion due to gravity is <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">g = Gm/r</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2<br><br>r is radius of earth <br><br>DONT confuse wuth force due to gravity which is Gm1m2/r2<br></span><br>"
formual for PE if g is not 10 m/s2? what is the significnat about thsi frmual?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">PE = -Gm</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">1</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">m</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">/r  </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">- sign needs to be tehre because we know as the r increases, the PE also needs to increase! without it, as R increases, the entire value be samller </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does frcition oppose?SLIDINg not motion 
formuals for kinetic and static friction "<img src=""paste-24e93bc136328c8d748bf8f9bb048ce4cff27cce.jpg"">"
what is maxiumim static frction? give an example?it is the maxium static frction that can be oppsoed before you start sliding <br><br><br>for example, if max static is 100N, an you apply more than that, thing can strat sliding 
what is the static force before you start to slide? give an exmaple "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>thefriction created <span style=""font-style: italic;"">before </span>anobject beginst o s lidewill
always remain equal to the net applied force which the friction is opposing. </div><div>exmple, if you aply 500N, static woudl also be 500N if it doesnt reach ots max tho, if you add 100N net force, it will be 100N static </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">500 N is applied to an object and it does not move. 501 N is applied and it just begins to slide.
what happens if you keep the force adding at 501</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"if you keep it at 501, it will strat to accelarte
what happesn when the kinetic frictioction counterbalance the applied net force exaclt?remeber, no net froce= no accelartion= costant velocity 
drwa all teh froces on inclined plane "<img src=""paste-75af26d82e579bf21666a380238573bc93bdcca9.jpg"">"
formual of the force down an inclined plane?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">F = mgsinθ</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> <br>
</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
force parallel to the sruface of the inclined plane "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">F = mgsinθ</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">same as force down the plane <br>
</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
formual for Fn in inclined "<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">F</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">N </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">= mgcosθ</span><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br>
</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> Velocity of a particle at the base of an inclined plane<br>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Vf </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">= √(2gh)<br>
</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
formula of accelartion down the incline "gsin<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">θ</span><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br>
</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
of the angel increases, sin ... and cos.....sin increase and cos decarses <br><br><br>example, sin 0=0, sin 90=1<br>cos0=1, cos 90= 0
what happnes when the incline angel of the plane increases?remebr, angke increase means  sin increase and cos decrease <br>so any force with sin increqases, with cos decrases<br>so accleration, and force down the plane= increase<br>normal decrease
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">What are the minimum and maximum values for acceleration down an inclined plane? </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"max is when sin is 1 menas angel is 90 and that woudl be 9.8 m/s2<br><br>min is when sin is 0 which menas the angel is alos zero and accelartion is zero
what is the tension force?hwo to ignore it and replace it?"a force in rope, cable or string <br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div> In most cases, you can ignore tension by
replacing it with a force vector on the object to which the rope, string, or cable is attached. </div>
</div>
</div></div><br>"
"where do u use <span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">k∆x</span>"this is force due to a spring and it is the hook's law <br>so when you wanna knwo the force of the spring i use this 
how do u Calculating the Spring Constant from Hanging Weights:"use  <span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">F = k∆x<br>weight of the haning shit is its mass* g <br>and then look for the strech os displamnet and find K <br>Altius:<br></span><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>For ∆x, enter the displacement from the equilibrium point for one trial or the difference in
displacement between two trials.</div><div><br></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>For <span style=""font-style: italic;"">F</span>, use the force applied in one trial, or the difference in the force
applied between two trials. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the common mistale in using hooks law and calcuting the spirng constant that u are nt ging to make I WONT USE THE MASS of the shit haning down, I woudl muytliple that by 10 to ge the force by spring 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>elastic </div><div> Potential Energy is... and its fromual is  </div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>energy stored in a compressed string or any other object such as rubber or resliant solids that follow hooks law. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>P=<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">(1/2)</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">k∆x</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2</span></div>
</div>
</div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">True or False? 1) A ball moving
with twice the kinetic energy can
compress a spring twice as far. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""False, remebr, all teh kinetic become PE <br><br>now think PE=<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">(1/2)</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">k∆x</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2<br><br>so if the delat is getting twoce, menas PE is getting 4 time sbigger not 2 so thsi is wrong </span>"
what to think when a ball hist a spring in terms of energy?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>If a ball with
velocity <span style=""font-style: italic;"">v </span>strikes a spring, compressing it,
all of the ball’s kinetic energy will turn into
elastic potential energy.  y. Setting the initial
kinetic energy equal to the final potential
energy allows you to predict how far the
spring will compress (<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">∆x</span>).</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is spirng constant if teh springs are attached in parralell?they are in parralle, if somethin hits one it hist them with the same force so:<br><br><br>Ktot= K1+K2+K3
spring constant total when spring attached one end to one edn "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>ts. If the springs are attached
end-to-end the springs add much like resistors in parallel: <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">1/k</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">effective </span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">= 1/k</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">1 </span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">+ 1/k</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">2 </span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">+ 1/k</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">3 </span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">. . . </span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
draw the pendulm and idenfity where PE and KE is the max and min "<img src=""paste-3c7f6bbfbedc7c8fa9b4237df541e9f106894977.jpg""><br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Potential Energy (PE) is at a maximum at the maximum height of the bob, and is at a minimum at the
bottom of the pendulum’s arc. Kinetic energy (KE) is at a maximum at the bottom of the pendulum’s
arc and is at a minimum at the maximum height of the bob. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is a pendulum "A pendulum is any weight (often called a “bob”) attached by a rod, string, wire, etc., to a fixed
overhead point, and capable of freely swinging from side to side."
what represnes one cycle of pendulum?"<div>
<div>
<div>well when it goes from the highest PE and comes back to its exact position </div><div><br></div><div><a href=""https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=596988956&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS938US938&q=one+cycle+of+pendulum&tbm=vid&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrr43QktGDAxVmtokEHU1VA6UQ0pQJegQIChAB&biw=1213&bih=754&dpr=2.5#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:3d444117,vid:9oGhX-wZVAo,st:0"">https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=596988956&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS938US938&q=one+cycle+of+pendulum&tbm=vid&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrr43QktGDAxVmtokEHU1VA6UQ0pQJegQIChAB&biw=1213&bih=754&dpr=2.5#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:3d444117,vid:9oGhX-wZVAo,st:0</a><br></div>
</div>
</div>"
what movements can count as a simple harmonic motionany movement that oscilates back and froth about an equlibrium position 
what is the energy of excitaion is similar to?which light has the highest energy of exciation?energy of exciation=energy of aborbation <br>lower wavelnght, equal to higher energy of ecitation <br>like blue is higher than red or green<br>
if yiu happen to find the ratio of wavelenghth, and you wnated to knwo the ration of tehir energies, what woudl you do?you oculd just flip ation, for example, if you u knew the wavelngth ratios are 3/2, energy woudl be 2/3 just the inevsre of that 
which color is the most inetsten in human eye?color of sun, yellow 
do we have n=0noooo first n is n=1
 what does mean when you score high on opennes to experince trait shit it menas you are more open and wiling to try new things 
what does score on agreebklness measure?meausre how likley you will go with tehopinion of others, and if you dont trust them, you score low on thsi like a patient who doesnt trust doctors and go on multilple roudn of opinions <div><br></div><div>Like dare farzad who doesn’t go with opinion of others </div>
what does a patient who complies with orders score high on?"conscietntiousness<br>= <span style=""color: rgb(189, 193, 198); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.<br></span><br>Ex) Nima is high in consientness vbecaus he has a <b> the tendency to be responsible, organized, hard-working, goal-directed, and to adhere to norms and rules</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);""><br></span><br>"
what does neurotisim can be charactirzied by being anxious, tensd znc worrying 
formual for period of oscillating mass on sprinh "<div class=""page"" title=""Page 16"">
<div class=""layoutArea"">
<div class=""column"">
<p><img src=""paste-608b4617a54b76dbab1df027215595103b755ffd.jpg""><br></p>
</div>
</div></div>"
period of pendulum formula is "<img src=""paste-608b4617a54b76dbab1df027215595103b755ffd.jpg"">"
tell the two fromuals for period of pendulum and spring so u dont confuse them"spirng: 
<div class=""page"" title=""Page 16"">
<div class=""layoutArea"">
<div class=""column"">
<p><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> 2</span>pi<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">√(m/k) </span>[m is the mass on a sping not the mass of teh spring itself</p><p>pendulum= <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2</span>pi<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">√(L/g )</span></p><p><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></p><p><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></p><p><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></p>
</div>
</div></div>"
if they asked uyou about the frewuency of spring or pendulum, which formula you remebre and how do you get to freqeuncy using that formual? <br><br><br>for examople, how does the mass of spring itsekf effect its freqency? or increase mass on spirng effect i?"i would remember the period formual for spring or pendulum <br><br><img src=""paste-6c21d06c2920404d06826af1c75946b504ff4a4d.jpg""><br><br>now look to see if what they give you is part of the formula, look for the effect of that and then just reverse it as frequency is the reverse of that "
define frequency and period and compare them? give example of each period= time that it takes for soemthing to complete one cycle, exmaple: it takes an arm of the clock 60 secodns to complete one rotation <br><br><br>frewuency: in one secons, how many times did you pass that point <br>exmaple: i can pass 10 times in one secosn 
formual of density and name all teh unites u can "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">D = m/v</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">kg/m3, g/cm3, g/ml( = cm3)</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">ml=g</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">l=kg</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">cm3= ml </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the defntion of speficic gravity? formual and give an example"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> A ratio that describes how dense something is compared to water.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> o <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">SG = D</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">substance</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">/D</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">H2O</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">so if something spcific gravity is 2 it means that shit is twoice as dense as water  </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the denisty of water in kg/m3 and g/cm3"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>1000kg/m3 or     1.0g/cm3;     recall that 1cm3 =1mL,</div><div>1L of water=1kg,</div><div>and 1
mL of water = 1 g </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"formual for fraction<span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;""> of the object <span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">submerged </span></span>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">he ratio of the density
of the object to the density of the liquid.  </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Dobject/D liquid= amount sumbereged </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">\NOT FLOAT, dont forget thsi </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is buoancy force formual?"<img src=""paste-4351c108bce8a64977b435af87e0ceeccdad30c2.jpg"" width=""471""><br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">F</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">buoyant </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">= p</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">vg </span>; Where <span style=""font-style: italic;"">v </span>is the<span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);""> volume of fluid displaced</span>, NOT the total volume of the fluid, and <span style=""font-style: italic;"">ρ </span>is the
</div>
<div>density of the<span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);""> fluid</span>, NOT the object<br>
</div>
</div>
</div></div><br><br><br><br>"
what does the buoncy force really mean? what is its fromual and how can u think about "<div>
<div>
<div><ul><li><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">it is the upward push from the fluid when it has something submerged in it</span></li><li><span style=""color: rgb(0, 112, 192); font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">buoyant force is always exactly equal to the </span>weight of the amount of fluid displaced by the object. </li><li>thats whey formual is pgv because it is eual to how much of the fluid is diaplaced and it uses fluid denisty </li></ul><div><br></div></div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div>"
arhcmidie pricnicple in simple terms?if you put an obejct in a fluid, the maount of the fluid displaced by that objects is either:<br><ol><li>complete submreged object, volume of displaced os eual to volume of th eobject </li><li>float, the amount of the volume diaplced is the eual to how much it is submerged </li></ol>
how does the buoncy force chnages with the incease mass of the object?dephth? why remebr the formual which is pgv, mass of the obejct  and depth has nothing to do with the buoncy force!!
formual for apparnet weight? what is the two imporont thing you can get from thsi apparent wieght "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Apparent Weight (AW) = Actual Weight (aW) </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">– </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Buoyant Force (F</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">buoyant</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">) <br>1) if you know you apparent and actual, easlity calculet your Fbuoncy</span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2) based on Fbuoncy, you knwo the wieght of the volume of that fluid coz remebr, Fbuoncy is the weight of the volume that was displaced </span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what would be the buoncy force when the obejct completly floats?"it means that buoncy force is just the weight of the fluid balnced<br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>mg (actual
weight) = buoyant  force</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
define atomphseric, gauge and absolute prrssure"<ol><li>atomosheric pressure is fludi pressure due to earth air or atomphore</li><li>gauge is gauge pressure is the amount of pressure over normal aormpheric pressure, exmaplele: if you measured something like your tire, is your gauage pressure, not ture value of pressue</li><li><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">absolute pressure </span>would be the actual total
pressure of the atmosphere, plus gauge pressure</li></ol><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-57d2d0a949e043aafeb29e26144970ddec26a6a6.jpg""><br></div><br>"
pressure formual and units "F/A<br><br>Newtin/m2<br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div> UNITS = Pascals, mmHg, atm or Torr </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
convert between pascal, , atm and Torr and mmhg <br>"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>1 x 10^5 Pascals = 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
what two units of pressure are equal and how many pascal they are?"torr and mmhg <br><div><div><div><ol><li><div>1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr. </div>
</li>
</ol><div><span style=""color: rgb(189, 193, 198); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">1 mmHg = 133.322 pascals</span><br></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(189, 193, 198); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(189, 193, 198); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">SI unit is pascal </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
the defintion of fluid pressure is:"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>the average force of molecular collisions per unit area,or as
the weight of the column of fluid above the point of measurement.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>F/A or P=pgh</div><div>H is the depth not the height </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does pascal law tells ?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> Pressure is transmitted in all directions, undiminished, through a contained,
incompressible fluid (</span><em>he fluid whose volume or density does not change with pressure</em><span style=""color: rgb(189, 193, 198); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">.)</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is an incompressibel fliud?example?"<em>the fluid whose volume or density does not change with pressure</em><span style=""color: rgb(189, 193, 198); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);""><br></span>so we can follow pascal law of transmiting pressure ot the entire shit without dimineshd<br>ex) water and oil "
what happpnes if you increase a pressure in one part of incompressible fluid? which law is this one?"p<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Pascal’s Law</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">: Pressure is transmitted in all directions, undiminished, through a contained,
incompressible fluid<br><br></span>if pressure increases<u> at any point in a confined,</u>
incompressible fluid, it increases<u> by that same amount at every other point within that fluid.<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span></u>"
describe the hyloranic shift based on the pascals's law"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Pascal’s Law</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">: </span><span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;"">Pressure is transmitted in all directions, undiminished, through a contained,
incompressible fluid. </span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;""><br></span></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>. At the input cylinder, a force F1 is applied to a plunger with a cross-
sectional area of A1. That creates a pressure equal to F1/A1 that is transmitted to the output
cylinder. At the output cylinder, the pressure MUST be exactly the same according to Pascal’s
</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Law. However, the cross-sectional area of the output cylinder is usually many factors larger.
According to P = F/A, in order for pressure to remain constant when area increases, force must
increase. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what do you know abut the pressure of fluid at any vertical depth? "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Pressure is a constant at any vertical depth within the same fluid</span>; </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
define Ideal, Non-Viscous Flow for fluids"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>There is assumed to be no friction
(drag) between the fluid and the walls of the pipe, or between fluid molecules themselves. </div><div><br></div><div>So, Fluid near
the wall of the pipe flows with the same velocity as fluid at the center of the pipe. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>This is assumed on
the MCAT if they do not specify otherwise. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what type of flow is assume on the mcat?ideal non visocuse where there is no drag/ frcition between flud and wall of the pipe or the fludis themselves
what is Poiseuille Flow: "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> 1)how real, viscous fluids flow in pipes.</div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div> 2)Real fluids exhibit laminar flow  </div><div>3)a leading edge that is parabolic in shape. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div><div>  </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is gauge pressure?<div>Gauge pressure is a measure of pressure above normal atmospheric pressure.</div><div><br></div>
<div>..... pressure is a measure of the total pressure exerted on an area.</div><br>Absolute pressure<br><br>guage+atomphspheric 
define laminar flow"<div>
<div>
<div> Fluid flows in pipes in concentric sheets, each with different velocities. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>The fastest flow
is at the <u>exact center of the pipe </u>and the slowest is at the<u> interface with the wall of the pipe.</u></div><div><br></div><div><div><b>Laminar flow</b> is <b>smooth and straight</b></div></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><u> </u><img src=""paste-4761bd1f3b3bddbab335a083082676ad622cb7cb.jpg""></div>
</div>
</div>"
when does laminar flow happnes? turbulent flow happenes?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> At low velocities real fluids exhibit laminar flow. </div><div><br></div><div>As velocity increases, and especially for
non-viscous fluids, flow becomes turbulent—meaning that although the net flow is still in one direction,
there are random eddies, changes in direction, changes in velocity, and so forth. </div><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-c0e12a1ca1443c74565ba4c00c88ec72b6bce474.jpg""><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
equation for flow rate, and what is special about the area in this formual? give an example of this flow in human body "Q=AV<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 112, 192);"">Area int his equationis always total cross-section area.</span>for example, if two one pipe divides into </div>
<div>to smaller pipes you must add the cross-sections of both new pipes to get the new area. </div><div><br></div><div>cardiac output can serves as Q and area is the total area section of vessle in the body.</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
related the flow rate equation to humna body equation "<div>
<div>
<div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>BiologyConnection:Thisformulaisoftenusedtodescribefluidflowinthecardiovascularsystem.
The variable <span style=""font-style: italic;"">A </span>is the cross-sectional area of the blood or lymph vessel, and <span style=""font-style: italic;"">V </span>is velocity. <span style=""font-style: italic;"">Q </span>is a
function of cardiac output. <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate </span></div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">explain how velocity variesas blood</span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">flows throughout the
human circulatory system (i.e., aorta </span>→ <span style=""font-style: italic;"">arteries </span>→ <span style=""font-style: italic;"">arterioles </span>→ <span style=""font-style: italic;"">capillaries </span>→ <span style=""font-style: italic;"">venules </span>→ <span style=""font-style: italic;"">veins
</span>→ <span style=""font-style: italic;"">vena cava).</span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">what euation do you use? </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""I use A=QV<br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>The cross-sectional area of individual vessels decreases as you go from the aorta to the
capillaries. <b>However, it is the TOTAL cross-sectional area that we would apply t</b>o Q = AV. Total
cr<b>oss-sectional area increases as you go from aorta to capillaries</b>. Because area is greatest at the
capillaries, the velocity of blood is lowest at the capillaries. The reverse is true on the return trip:
cross-sectional area decreases as we go from capillaries back to the vena cava. Therefore,
velocity increases. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
where in body the velcoity of blood is lowest and why?in capillary as it has the TOTAL largest cross sectional area, so it woudl be lowest V accoridng to Q=AV 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Bernoulli’s Equation is ... and what does it really show? </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<img src=""paste-696a85e8738156c1cd7364adc7cd9a9516610684.jpg"">"
if fluid velocity increases when passing through the horizental pipe, what happnes to the pressure? "as soon as see velcoity and pressure in fludi, remebre bernulis equation,  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">K = P + </span>p<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">gh + (1⁄2)</span>p<span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">v</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2 <br><br>this tells u that if one varibale increases, one other varibale or even both need to decreases to make sure K is constant. <br>so if v increase, p needs to decrases so it will stay the same </span>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>If the increase in velocity were also
associated with a decrease in height, what happen to pressure and potential energy per volume of fludi </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"well,decrease in height shows potential decrases, P also decarses to comprensate for increase in kinetic term of bernuli 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">formula for the velocity of water exiting a spigot. similar to what?</span></div>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>, set 1/2ρv2 = ρgh and solve for v. This gives: v = √(2gh). </div></li>
</ol><div>similar to final velocity of shit at the end of the inclined plane </div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is surface tension?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>The intensity of intermolecular forces, per unit length, at the surface of a liquid.<br>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
cohesive vs adehesive is <br>what example you can think that shows adehisve is stronger than cohesive"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Cohesive forces are intermolecular forces BETWEEN the molecules of a liquid, binding the
molecules to one another</div>
</li><li><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>hesive forces are intermolecular forces between the molecules of the
liquid and the molecules of the container.  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div><div>example:his is well illustrated by the meniscus formed when
water is in a burette. The adhesive forces are greater than the cohesive forces, and therefore
the water appears to “stick” to the sides of the burette (i.e., concave-up meniscus).  </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
where has the hightest velocity for laminar flow?excat center of the tube
compare SENSORY ADAPTATION & HABITUATION, what both mean tho?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Sensory Adaptation is a strictly physiological response</span>, while <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Habituation
is a psychological phenomenon. </span></div>
</li>
</ul><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>both phenomena explaina scenarioin
which a person’s sensitivity to a stimulus decreases over time. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is pysophsyiscs?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> branch of psychology interested in using precise, quantitative measurement of
physical stimuli to <span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">understand the relationships between external stimuli and the sensations and
perceptions they elicit. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
name the seven senses tested on mcat?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Vision<br>
Hearing<br>
Somatosensation (touch+)
Taste<br>
Smell<br>
Kinesthetic Sense
Vestibular Sense</div><div> </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
is electric field a vector?yesss!!!
what do you know about the direction of net force in terms of accelartion?While the net force may not be in the same direction which the object is moving, it is always in the direction that the object is accelerating
what happnes if velocity is poitning to the left, but it is decreasing?it menas we are moving to the eft, but accelartion or net force is in opptite direction 
"<img src=""paste-b1e42ad5b518eff10f816f1be1ad84d73b7a73ff.jpg""><br>if thsi velcoity oicture, what does this tell you?"well we are moving to the irght due to velcoity to the irght <br>velocity is deacrsing because so there is a accelartion and net force to the left
when ball throws up ,  what is the direction of velocity and accelartion "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Although the velocity vector is directed upward, the
acceleration of gravity acting on the ball is always directed downward (slowing the ball down) </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
in formula x=1/2at^2, what is the relationship between X and t? decsribe in terms of square rootx is propertional to time squared or time is proppertional to squared root of distance 
when u have time and u wanna figure out the height travled, which formual can u use?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">X = (1/2)at</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">2 </span></div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
when you have two object, one heavuer than ghe other one, in the presene of air resitance, which one has a greater force of air and hwta formual is this for?one with larger mass as Fair=mg 
is there a terminal velcoity in vaccume?noooo, treminal velocity happnesn only where air is there 
what woudl be the obejct's accelartin when in vaccume in regras to their mass?When in a vacuum, where there is no air resistance or friction to slow things down, all objects, regardless of their mass, will fall at the same rate. This rate is known as the acceleration due to gravity, which on Earth is approximately 9.81 m/s².<br>e reason behind this is that gravity acts uniformly on all objects.
does everting accelaret the same in the reall earth?yes, they all experines same accelartion, but thei mass can effect the F they experinece
what do you know about the accelartion of of proejctile when no air resistance?accelartion ALWAYS is 9.8 m/s2 (constant)  downward and it never reaches 0 event at peak height
what is happening in projectile motion, no air resisrance when you are at max height? (for accelartion and velocity)"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol><li>accelartion is downwar, 9.8 and never recahes zero, vleocity is 0 instantonsly and chnages direction.</li>
<li>
<div>At peak height, however, velocity does reach an instantaneous zero. The velocity vector is the only vector that
changes direction during projectile motion </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
name all th ethings u know about terminal velcoity "<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">mg </span>= <span style=""font-style: italic;"">F</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">air </span>at terminal velocity,</div>
</li><li><div>velcoity is constant and you are not accelarting anymore </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
tell me the signe and menaing of velocity  and accelaration of object in free fall when climibing vs falling Aceclartion is always downward<br><br>velcoity is + when going up <br>Velocity is negative when going down
what to think when see constant speed? what is the similar term?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>key terms such as “constant velocity,” or “constant speed.” These key terms indicate that the system is in
equilibrium, and therefore the net force on the object must be zero </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Which quantity must change for a particle’s inertia to
change? </div>
</div>
</div></div>"mass!  <br><br>inetrtai= ability to resist the motio n<br>mass= measure of inetrai 
what happnes to the velocity of bullet from the moment leaving the barrel when firesat firs, the barrel accelaret it and vleocity increases, after, as moving up, air slows it down and it reaches zero at max height, but again when coming down increases!!!!
what is the accelartion for horizental vs vertical in projectile"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>PROJECTILES
ALWAYS HAVE A HORIZONTAL ACCELERATION OF ZERO (as long as air resistance is ignored).</div>
</li><li><div> </div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> vertical acceleration is always a constant 10 m/s2
downward. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does it mean when velcity increases linearly?it is just mean that we have a constant accelartion so like a constant force somewhere
what is the diffrenec in terms of accelartion when you have air restnace vs when you dont?<br>no air resitance, you always have accelartion downward and for all teh masses the same<br>with air reistance, the one being hevaier goes down faster and accelarte  faster 
digaram of the eye and show each part "<img src=""paste-f765003c4afd0b980730d4987aa3f7fd1b24e8ac.jpg"">"
what is optic nerve?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>: Think of the optic nerve as a bundle of two separate fibers, one carrying the
information for the left-half of the visual field for that eye, and the other fiber carrying
information for the right-half of that same visual field. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
compare and constrats cones and rods "<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Cons:</div></li><li><div>Less sensitive than rods, </div></li><li><div>perceive color, fine resolution of detail</div></li><li><div> contain three
pigments, each of which show maximum light absorption at a different wavelength. </div></li><li><div>Cones are
located in the fovea only. </div></li><li><div>The three “max absorption” wavelengths of the three cone pigments
are <span style=""font-style: italic;"">roughly </span>equivalent to<span style=""background-color: rgb(204, 240, 116);""> blue, green and red</span>. </div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">NOTE: Relative # of cones = </span></div></li><li><div>Rods:</div></li><li><div>Highly sensitive, perceive black & white only, poor resolution of detail, contain only
one pigment (rhodopsin). <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">NOTE: Relative # of rods = 20X. </span></div></li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> <br></span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>"
rod is used for.... vsiosn and cones for ....rod: erceive black & white only, low detail <br>cons= perceive color, fine resolution of detail,  
which photo receptor is the most abodnent in eyes?"Rods because <br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Relative # of rods = 20X which X is number of cons </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
describe the feature of human lens "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">converging lens and produces a Positive, Real,
</span></div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Inverted (PRI) image on the retinal </span></div>
</li><li><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">rmeebr eye has cornea so its lense is converigni</span></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the sign convetion for velocity in the mcat? is that always true?Positive velocity always menas to the right or uoward <br>negative menas to the left or downward
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>A ball is dropped from a height <span style=""font-style: italic;"">x </span>and falls to the
ground. Ignoring air resistance, the ball’s speed: </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"as u go dow, speed increases linearly 
what is the euqation that raelates accelartion, velocity and time t=2v/g
when do u use this euqation Gm/r2? what does r represnet?we use to measure g, r is radius of earth 
when you are using teh formual pgh, what is the unite of p needs to be ?needs to be in kg/m3 because g and h are in meters 
Si unit pressure is pascal
what is the fourth question conclusion  blupring AAMMC?"<img src=""paste-92c56eb9b3f484d71797ddfbb4339167235c19fb.jpg""> "
what is fifth blueprint suppose that aamc? suppose that "<img src=""paste-a57ae2e2fbdec293a8042c4771d3ff35c2058601.jpg"">"
what is the 6th , ane xmaple of ask you bluprint AAMC?"<img src=""paste-bfe7909e0095e08f669c124a880afd7b05ab7f0a.jpg"">"
incarnate something in a human form 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Thou  </div>
</div>
</div></div>"means littely you 
Thou artYou are
Thou dostYou do
thy your 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>deities </div>
</div>
</div></div>"god
name all the biases that can happen "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Types of Selection Bias:
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Specific Real Area Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Self-Selection Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Pre-Screening or Advertising Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Exclusion Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Healthy User Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Berkson’s Fallacy
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Overmatching </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div></div>"
name all teh selection biases "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Types of Selection Bias:
</div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Specific Real Area Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Self-Selection Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Pre-Screening or Advertising Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Exclusion Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Healthy User Bias
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Berkson’s Fallacy
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Overmatching </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div></div>"
"define <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Specific real area bias+ example+does alwasy the location mean this bias?</span>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> bias introduced by conducting the study in a specific area that does not
include a representative sampling of the population being studied. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>smapel doesnt represnet the populitoon</div><div><br></div><div>ex) you wanna study eating habits, and you only consider the poepel at teh gym and leave those of not the bias out </div><div><br></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>location for a study does not always mean specific real area bias will exist. For example, a study
investigating the drug-using habits of Maricopa County High School students would not be
biased if conducted only at the high school because the sample would be representative of the
population. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
defines delf selction bias and example "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">lf-selection bias </span>is bias introduced when participants in the study have the ability
to choose to participate or not to participate, or to determine their level of involvement</div><div><br></div><div>comment cards at your local fast-food
establishment are NOT representative of customer opinions generally because those with
negative opinions have been shown to be far more likely to fill out such surveys than are those
with positive experiences. <br></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Pre-screening or advertising bias, ex  </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Pre-screening or advertising bias </span>occurs when the screening or
advertising process itself results in an unrepresentative sample. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>For example, advertisements
asking for volunteers for the same study that are worded as “Volunteers needed for an obesity
study,” or “Volunteers needed for a weight-loss study” will likely elicit different volunteers. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Exclusion bias </span>refers to ...</div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Exclusion bias </span>refers to the exclusion of an entire group from the population, such as a study
about childhood education that does not survey any homeschooled children.</div><div> </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Healthy user bias
</span>is </div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><br></div><div> is introduced when the persons included in the study are likely to be healthier than the general population (e.g., studying cardiac atherosclerosis among participants in a triathlon </div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Berkson’s
</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Fallacy bias is  ..., opposite of which bias </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><br></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;""> </span>is the selection of participants from hospitals, where the participants are likely to be
</div>
<div>LESS healthy than the general population (the opposite effect of the healthy-user bias) </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">Overmatching </span>is a ....</div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>negative outcome resulting from what is normally a good practice—matching for potentially confounding variables (i.e., age-matched). If a confounding variable is matched for that is actually the result of the exposure or treatment. <br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>assoictae the parctipants with more than what a few things that can cause the epxcted results </div><div><br></div><div>ex), matching the control group by gestation length and/or the number of multiple births when estimating perinatal mortality and birthweight after in vitro fertilization (IVF) is overmatching, since IVF itself increases the risk of premature birth and multiple birth.</div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is observer bias?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>study or the hypotheses
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>and allow this knowledge to influence their observations during the study. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is demand charactistscs?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><br></div></div></div><div><div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; color: rgb(37, 37, 37);"">Demand Characteristics </span><span style=""color: rgb(37, 37, 37);"">= Participants form an interpretation of the experiment's purpose
</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""color: rgb(37, 37, 37);"">and unconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation. </span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(37, 37, 37);""><br></span></div><div><img src=""paste-867111509931e7c742de7f33ba9eb5483ab8bfbd.jpg""><span style=""color: rgb(37, 37, 37);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(37, 37, 37);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(37, 37, 37);""><br></span></div>
</div>
</div></div></div></div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is information bias?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> Wrong or inexact recording of variables or data. </div><div>Researchers' expectations or opinions can interfere with data collection, resulting in information bias.<br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>With continuous
variables (such as blood pressure), this is referred to as <span style=""font-style: italic;"">measurement error</span>; </div><div>with categoricalvariables (such as tumor stage), this is known as <span style=""font-style: italic;"">misclassification. </span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div></div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is confpouning variable?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Confounding Variables </span>(a.k.a. confounding factor, confounder) = An extraneous variable</div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>that influences the variables being studied, but is not part of the expected correlation or causal
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>pathway being investigated. <br></div>
</div>
</div></div></div></div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div></div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div></div><div><div>
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</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
does s and p both have the same erengy?no, they have diffrenet energies
how does neutron and proton hold together?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>. A nucleus is made of
protons and neutrons held together by the residual strong force </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
derscrive the size, mass of electrob, proton and neutran"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutral, and they are approximately
the same size and mass </div><div><br></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>. Electrons are much, much smaller—roughly 1/2000 of the mass of a
proton </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
why do we say that atoms are mostly empty spaces?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>because of how small electrons are compared to the size of the electron cloud, l electrons are compared to the size of the electron cloud,
atoms are mostly empty space. </div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what happnes when electron goes from higehr to lower level E?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>ill release
a photon equal in energy to the difference between two energy levels when they “relax” back to
a lower energy level. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is the behviour of electron called and it is similar to what?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>dual, like partcile and wave and look like light</div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what to think about electron in the orbital? are they going in cicrcle in traditional fashion?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>no, </div><div>1)Orbitals are not actual boundaries but mathematical wave functions that predict
the probability of where an electron could be at any given instant. </div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>electrons do NOT orbit the nucleus in circular planetary-like patterns resembling
the rings of a target. </div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><br></div><div>remember that the electrons are contained in s, p, d and f orbitals with
unique shapes. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what does Z and A mean "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Z=atomicnumber(i.e.,thenumberofprotons)</div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
▪ A=massnumber(i.e.,thenumberofprotons+thenumberofneutrons) </div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div></div><div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>atomicnumber is ...and mass number is <br>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Z=atomicnumber(i.e.,thenumberofprotons)<br>
▪ A=massnumber(i.e.,thenumberofprotons+thenumberofneutrons) </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
<div> <div> <div> <div>isotope is... and d they all have odd mass number?</div> </div> </div></div>"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>An isotope is one of multiple versions of the same atom that have differing <u>numbers of
neutrons</u>. All isotopes must have the same Z number because it is the number of protons that
defines the atom as a specific element (carbon, hydrogen, etc.). If you know the Z number you
know the element. All isotopes do not have an odd mass number (carbon-14), although many do
(iron-57). </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
metal form ... and non-metal form ..."<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Cations; anions </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
define the relative size of cation, neutral and anion "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>an their neutral counterpart and <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">anions are larger </span>than their neutral
counterpart. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
identify row, period on priodic tabel "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>A period is a horizontal row; a group or family is a vertical column (families are similar!! </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"tell which group or column these things are foudn:<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">alkali metals, alkaline
earth metals,  </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""alakli is first colum: group 1A to the far left <br>alkanine earth: <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>the alkaline earth metals are group 2A just to the right
of the alkali metals </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div> is second <br><img src=""paste-637498e930315cee3db316ba91e35f17a4ad1b98.jpg""><br>"
where are transition metals on periodci tabel "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>transition metals are the elements in the four middle rows</div>
</li>
</ol><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-d4ec759acac53115116167d6bebf222ee8d4af62.jpg""><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
wheer are the lanthanides and actinides on periodc tabel and which block are they in "<img src=""paste-d4ec759acac53115116167d6bebf222ee8d4af62.jpg""><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>nthanides are
the upper row in the f-block and actinides are the lower row;  in F bock</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
tell me wheer s, p, d and f block is on periodci table "<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> the s-block is the <u>first two columns,</u> </div></li><li><div>the p-block is the set of six columns
starting with<b> boron</b> and ending with <b>neon</b>;</div></li><li><div> the<b> d-block</b> is the entire set of <b>transition metals i</b>n the
middle of the table, and the f-block is the lanthanides and actinides which actually occur in order
between the s-block and d-block elements on rows 6 and 7 respectively. </div></li>
</ol><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-c2def176992bbe34865b5eddf59832384845549a.jpg""><br></div>
</div>
</div>"
what to think of metals and their tendency to elctrons? what do they form>"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">larger atoms with loosely held electrons</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">.</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">they wanna lose e to form </span> form positive ions. </div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">  </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what are the properties of metals?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>they are l<span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">ustrous, ductile, malleable</span> and excellent conductors of both
heat and electricity.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> They are involved in ionic bonds with nonmetals. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what bonds do metal form with non metals?ionic
what elemnst are consuctord of heat and electrcoty? metals<br>larger atoms= higher matlic charcater
what to think of non metals, their tendecy for electron and what do they wnat to ebcome "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">smaller atoms with tightly held electrons</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">wanna gain e </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">become anion</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
properties of non-metals lowe boiling pointn, brittle, not good conductors 
what bonds form between non-metal and non-metal? exmaple?form covalnet bonds <br><br>H and F <br>both non-metal, make covanet bonds<br>
which has a higher melting point between metal and non metal,ex?metals has highe rmeltinh pints, means need more E to get melted <br>Ex) H  has lower melting point than NA
tell me why smaller atoms can hold electrosn more tightly?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>nuclei are closer to their valence electrons, so according to Coulomb’s Law, F =
kqq/r2, those electrons are held more tightly to the positively charged nucleus.  </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
why smaller atoms are more electronegative?"so smaller means nuclie closer to valance electrons, more tighly hold on to e, and have higher iosnziation energy, more electronegative, have a higher ionization energy, greater electron
affinity and less metallic character than a larger atom. "
compare large and small atoms in terms of electronegtivity ionization E and electron affinity smaller has higeh rof all of these as tehy hold the electron closer to nuclie 
which is better at stalizing the charge?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Larger atoms are better compred to small </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
does large atoms form pi bonds? and which orbital they can have to house extra electrons?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Larger atoms form weaker pi bonds because of a decrease in the overlap of the p orbitals. </div>
</li><li><div>d orbital </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
element in .... tend to have similar properties. Which properties? ex?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Elements in the same family (column) tend to have similar properties, both
chemical and physical (e.g., SiH4 will behave similar to CH4). </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
tell me what u knwo about Z efefctive as the size increase "size increase> surronded by more electrons>the “effective nuclear charge,” felt by the valence electrons of such atoms
is less than expected "
why does the valnec eelctron atoms with larger size feel less of the Zeef?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>due to sheilding</div><div><br></div><div>As atoms increase in size, they are surrounded by
more and more electrons. </div><div>The “effective nuclear charge,” felt by the valence electrons of such atoms
is less than expected.</div><div> This is because the electrons in between the valence shell and the nucleus
“shield” the valence electrons, preventing them from feeling the full charge of the nucleus </div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
which atoms valnce electrons feel the full nuclesr chareg andwhy?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Hydrogen’s
electron feels its full nuclear charge because there is zero shielding.</div><div> </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"tell the trend for the follwoung on period tabel down the column and accors period:<br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Electron Affinity</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">, </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Electronegativity</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">, </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">I</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Ionization Energy</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">, </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Atomic Radius </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">& </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Metallic Character</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<img src=""paste-025f53ad022d14211ad9ec5d5032b19be84e0279.jpg""><br><br><br><br>"
how to predict the trend altius way?first, detremine teh size, if you going to flourine, size is decarsing, smaller szie means larger affntiy for e( closer valaec to nucles) mor electronegtative and higher iozniation energy <br><br><br><br>
which atom is smallest?flourine 
what group elemnt is larger in size than 7A which is not follwing teh trend?nibel gases, as we go from left to right we think rdius is decrasing but noble is laregr than halogens <br><br>bery veur unrecative 
what is relation between teh size and matalic character?larger= more matalic character 
define electron affinty, what tyoe thing u form?"<b>The amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form an anion. </b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);""><br></span><br><br><br>"
what is iozniation energy "<span style=""color: rgb(189, 193, 198); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">, </span><b>the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule at GAS state <br></b>"
define elctronegativity "<span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">Electronegativity is </span><b>a measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons to itself<br></b><br>forexmaple, oxygen has a lot of baility to attacrek the shared electron to itslef"
give me the analogy for elctron quantum numbers "<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> One could think of the first number as giving the street name = shell, princnple quantum which is n </div>
</li><li><div> second as
giving the house or apartment =subshell= spdf</div></li><li><div> and the third as giving the <span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">room</span> within that apartment=<span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">orbital</span></div></li><li><div>Electrons can come in pairs, with two electrons sharing one orbital or one room . They are like two siblings
sharing the same room. They are differentiated by their “spin.”<br></div></li>
</ul><div><br></div><div>street= shell</div><div>house=subshell</div><div>ornital=room </div>
</div>
</div>"
what is princple quantum nmuber tell you , its sign and what does it tell you?"<ul><li>n </li><li>tell you the shell( stree of elctron)</li><li>represents the <span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">approximate relative energy </span>of electrons in that shell. </li></ul>"
tell me the order of filinh teh electrons "<span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);""> </span><b>1s,<br> 2s, 2p, <br>3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, <br>4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, <br>5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">…</span>"
what is azimuthal quantum number( another name) and what does it show  <div> <div> <div> <div>o a.k.a. “l” or “the azimuthal quantum number” or “the angular momentum quantum number” </div><div><br></div><div>o Gives the subshell or orbital; has values of 0, 1, 2 or 3, and from this we know the shape: </div> <div>▪ 0=s;1=p;2=d;3=f </div> </div> </div></div>
giev the aimulth quantum symobo, and name it for each subshell l<br>s=0<br>p=1<br>d=2<br>f=3
"what is sign of magnetic quantum number, what does it tell u and hwo do u dteremin its value?<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>""ml<br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Gives the <u>orbital orientation</u>; we call it orientaion quantum number </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>has a value of -l to l (from the azimuthal quantum number) </div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is electron spin quantum number, sign and what does the sign conevtion mean  "<div>
<div>
<div>“ms”</div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>ves the spin, which is either +1⁄2 or -1⁄2.  </div><div><br></div><div>+= up arrow in an electron</div><div>- =  represented by a down arrow. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
with the room analogy, tell me how many elctron can each subshell occupy?<br>S= we know we have l=0, so you only have one room with two beds, so total of 2 <br>p we have 3 rooms, with two beds so up tp 6 <br>d has 5 bederoom, 10 electron <br>f has 7 and total 14 
givem ethe total numbe rof elctron in s, p, d , fs=2 <br>p=6<br>d=10<br>f=14
what does pauli exlcuison tell you?"pauli exlcuis is the exclusie, and tells elctrosn can have all their 4 numbr the same, so they must have opprite spins <br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>no
two electrons can have the exact same four quantum numbers (i.e. occupy the exact same
quantum state.) They can have up to three identical numbers, but then they must have opposite
spins of +1/2 and -1/2.  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div><br><br><br>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> Heisenberg Uncertainty Principles says </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>nberg Uncertainty Principles states that the more we know
about an electron’s position, x, the less we know about its momentum, p. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
how man max identical numebr can two elctrons have up to 3, coz ms nMUST be diff 
what does it mean when you say an atom in ground state?he lowest energy state of an atom or other particle.
what does the energy level represnt?energies of electron in the taom <br><br>like elctrosn that haveenergies 
what is teh shpae of the energy levels in the atom? do a metaphore for this "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">They are quantized! </span></div>
</li>
</ul><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> they look like stair steps, and do NOT look like a ramp. </div>
</li><li><div><br></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does it mean for enrgey to be quantzied?t the electrons can possess only certain discrete energy values; values between those quantized values are not permitted.
can electrons be in energy level 2.5? which concept does thsi show?energy levels are quantzied, means they can be either 1 or 2, but n<b>ever anywhere in between. </b>
what needs to be done for lectron to move up one nergy level or come down one enrgy level <br>"to go up, u need to add an energy ce in energy between the current energy level and
the higher energy level. so a photon with that energy needs to struck it <br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>If an electron drops to a lower energy level, energy is released as a photon
(i.e., as electromagnetic radiation). The energy released will be <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">exactly </span>equal to the difference
between the two energy levels. </div>
</div>
</div></div><br><br><br>"
what happens if you struck an eelctron with a photon with less energy neeed to promot it to higher enregy level?which conepct thsi relats to?"<div>
<div>
<div>the photon will pass through the atom
without being absorbed </div><div><br></div><div>ralted that for electron to go up higher level enrgy, u need to add an amount of energy equal to the difference in energy between the current energy level and
the higher energy level. </div>
</div>
</div>"
what is work function? how does it diffre from ionization energy?"when u bombard a METAL which is in its solid state with energy, can cause the ejection of an electron from their <u>outermost
shell (i.e., valence electron). The amount of energy for this to happen is called work fucntion </u><br><br>ionization energy is maount if neergy to remove the electron in a gasousn state <br><br>but he work function
refers specifically to valence electrons being ejected from the surface of a solid metal <u><br></u><u><br><br></u>"
what make ionization energy diffrent from work function work function is the nergy to eject VALANCE electron form the surfecace of  SOLID METAL <br>iozniation is for gasous element removal of electron 
give the two kinetci energy of electrons?"<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);""><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">KE=E</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">–φ</span>;</span></div><div>where E= amount of energy added, KE is kinetci energy of the ejected electron, <span style=""font-weight: 700;"">φ is work fucntion which is the neergy reuired to eject a valance electron from the outer most shell of electron</span> </div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">KE=hf-<span style=""font-weight: 700;"">φ</span></span></div><div><br></div><div> Because energy is usually added via bombardment with photons, E can be replaced with
hf, the formula for the energy of a photon. <br></div>
</div>
</div>"
when you add an energy that less than work fucntion, how doe that effect the VALANCE electrons at the surface of the metal?what euqations you can think of>"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">If the energy
added is less than the work function, </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">the electron won’t be ejected. </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">If it is greater than the
work function, the excess energy will be transferred into the kinetic energy of the ejected
electron. </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">KE=E-work fucntion or KE=hf-work fucntion </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
formual to claculte the nergy of photon E=hf <br>or hv/wavelength <br><br><br>h=&*10^-34
giev the formual for velocity of wave, relate it to the energy formual V=f*wavelength <br>E=hf or E=hv/wavelength <br>or 
what happnes if a ophoton strikes a metal with the exact same energy as the work fucntion "nothing really happens because accoridng to KE=E-workfucntion, KE will be zoer and elcyron woudl not be ejected <br><br><br><br>Theoretically, it is as if the electron is now “freed” from its attraction to the nucleus but cannot
move because it lacks any excess energy to transfer into KE. "
what happens to the eklctrons if you have two light sources, onw shines twice as many as photons as the other one? does the number of electrons ejected woudl be different?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 32, 96);"">light source delivers twice as many
photons per second, it will eject twice the number of electrons during the one-second period. A </span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
give the simple denftion of radioactive decay? what do u mean by the chnage in chemical compsotion?<br><br><br>"process that an unstavle atom change their chemical composition
over time. <br>example, nuclues loses or gain electron, 
<div class=""page"" title=""Page 5"">
<div class=""layoutArea"">
<div class=""column"">
<p> lose bundles of protons and neutrons called
“alpha particles,” or even transforms one subatomic particle into another. </p>
</div>
</div></div><br>"
what chemical chnages can happen during radioactive decay?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>nucleus sometimes loses or gains electrons, </div><div>lose bundles of protons and neutrons called
“alpha particles,”</div><div> or even transforms one subatomic particle into another. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is called alpha partciles "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> bundles of <u>protons </u>and <u>neutrons </u></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is alpha decay?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>The <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">loss of one He nucleus</span>, which has a mass number of 4 and atomic number of 2.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> <img src=""paste-cd4ceb38dab9c10be2c1ed87dc28d44e79c4c0df.jpg""></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is electron capture? what happens to the taomic number"<div>
<div>
<div>\A <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">proton is changed into a neutron </span>via capture of an electron<span style=""font-weight: 700;"">. </span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700;""><br></span></div><div>Yes, electron capture changes the atomic number of the atom, <b>decreasing it by one</b>. <br></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is positron emission? is it as aame as beta decay?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>A <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">proton is changed into a neutron</span>, with expulsion of a positron. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>(Note: Some
sources will label positron emission as a type of Beta decay. However, the MCAT has asked previous
questions that clearly demonstrate reference to Beta decay as defined above, separate and distinct
from positron emission.) </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is gamma emission?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> Gamma rays are usually emitted as a byproduct of the types of decay outlined
above. Gamma decay does not change the number of nucleons! </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what do u think in decay when see neutron and proton "<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">neutron=a proton+an electron</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">proton=neutron+a positron</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> <br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">positron is mass of electron but positive (posi) charge </span></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is the half life defention? what sign shows half life?giev an example amount of time required for for a suntnace to lose exaclyt half of its mass, <br><br><br>sign= t 1/2<br><br>ex) NA half life is 20 years,means that i takes 20 years that NA mass becomes half<br>
hwo do u solve a half life when they guve the half life and time elapsed, and aks for how much remaining shit? giev an exmaple"based on the time pass, figure out how many half lives u have, and then start cutting the intial mass by that number <br><br><br>exmaple: have 500 g of element Z, and that the half-life
of element Z is 10 years. It then asks how much of element Z will remain 40 years from now.<br><br><br>so after 40 years, 4 half life has passed, so cut the 500 to halkf foru times <br> "
hwo do u figure out the haklf life give intial and final mass and the time passed "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>first decide how many times the
substance had to be cut in half to go from the initial value to the final value = this is the numebr of the  Divide the total time elapsed by the number of half-lives to get the length of each half-life. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
how woudl velocity woudl ve effected is accelartion is increased by factor of 4doubles, v = (2gh) 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>The initial velocity of a projectile is tripled. The
maximum height of the projectile will increase by a
factor of: </div>
</div>
</div></div>"factor of 9 <br>v=squer root of 2gh <br><br>so if v is multipled by 3, h need sto be mulplied by factor of 9<br><br>
what do we mean when we say soemthing is decraed  by a factor of 3?we really mean that we are multipieng by 1/3<br>
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>f the distance between two objects in space is
increased by a factor of 5/3, what will happen  to gravutaional force?</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"<br>so r is squred and it is mullied by 25/9<br><br>now R and F is invrred, F is muliplied by 9/25 or appromcly 1/3 so it os decrased by a factor of 3
give example of chemical and phsycial propetryThe general properties of matter such as color, density, hardness, are examples of physical properties. Properties that describe how a substance changes into a completely different substance are called chemical properties. Flammability and corrosion/oxidation resistance are examples of chemical properties.
what is the trend for Zeff on periodci table remebr that Z eff is inevrsly related to radius, so as you go up and to teh right Z eff eincrease as radius decrase <br>
tell me all u need to knwo for bonding vs anti bondging "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Anti-bonding orbitals are <span style=""font-style: italic;"">higher </span>in energy than bonding orbitals.
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>  Bonding orbitals contain electrons that are “in phase” and are said to be “attractive”; anti-bonding
</div>
<div>orbitals contain “out of phase” electrons that are said to be “repulsive.” </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
draw the shape of binding vs antibonding orbital "<img src=""paste-2e2bd515a73e7a5a9472630582bb3dd4af439cce.jpg""><br><br><img src=""paste-6637ef270265143b23c4bfce9352a2d4b151019f.jpg"">"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">Describe the differences between covalent and ionic bonds. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"covalne= sharing of e, usally between two non metal like C and H <br><br>ionic= due to electrostatci attarction, usulaly between metal and non metal liek Na and Cl 
how can u conceptulize ionic binds "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>hey can be conceptualized in two ways.</div>
</li><li><div> First, you can
visualize the two species as previously formed ions. For example, Na+ and Cl-. It is fairly obvious
that these two species will be strongly attracted to one another by an electrostatic force. </div></li><li><div>Alternatively, you can also visualize it as if the two atoms came together in their ground states
(not as ions) and the more electronegative atom (Cl- in this case) pulled one electron completely
away from sodium. This would result in essentially the same result, a sodium cation and a </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what makes a good and bad electrolyte for covalnet bonds"covalne= =dissociate 100% in water, such as strong acids
and strong bases, make good electrolytes.liek HCl or NaOH<br><br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div> Other covalent compounds are usually poor electrolytes. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what are the two thing that can make a good electrolyte?"cpvalnet that 100% dissoacite in WATER  like  string acid and base <br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Ionic compounds that are soluble in water always make good electrolytes. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is ionic chracate and what does it really show?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> All bonds that are not between two atoms of the same element have some ionic
character. It is basically a measure of the polarity of the bond. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
give an example of soemthing thats is like 100% ionic hcracter and something that have approximly zero ionic character?"ionic chracter is the emasure of polarity of the bod and All bonds that are not between two atoms of the same element have some ionic
character<br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Ionic species such as NaCl have close
to 100% ionic character. Covalent bonds between two non-metals of nearly identical electronegativity
have close to zero ionic character. </div>
</div>
</div></div><br>"
what is teh ionic chcarter of NaCL vs C2?Nacl is ionic so 100% ionic charcter <br>C2 is covale and between two Cs with almost identical ionic chracters so close to 0 ionic hccartcte r
if u are looking for the ato taht has teh most ionic chcartecr, what do u need to consider,?the diffrence between their elctrinegativity, higher is mor eionic chcartcer
what does condosity mean?example?"it means how much concetraion (mol/liter=molairy) of NaCL is needed to conduct electroicty ecxaclty as same as the conduction of teh solutio in the question<br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div> For example, for a 2.0
M KCl solution, we would expect the condosity to be something more than 2.0. Why would we expect
it to be above 2.0? Because potassium is more metallic than sodium. Thus, we </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo do you detremin te condosity if KCl was ur solution?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> The “condosity” of a solution is the concentration (molarity) of a Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
solution that will conduct electricity <span style=""font-style: italic;"">exactly </span>as well as the solution in question.  </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>so we I need to detremine wheter the solution is a better of poorre consuctor of Nacl, if it is better, I need more of NaCl to make it to the level of that soultion and if it is wors, less NaCl</div><div><br></div><div>so for KCl, we need to comare Na and CL in terms of their metalic charcate because a more metallic, it is a better cinductrer, and K is larger= more metalic ,sso more than KCl of Nacl is rwuired </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is one thing u can condier when comaring condosity?consider tehir metalic charcater whic the larger is a better one 
draw and define whta the bind length mean?"distnace btween the nuclie of the aroms forming tehbond <br><br><br><img src=""paste-22b271b8742b18b972c2b8f3e4d6585627df8a92.jpg"">"
what is bond energy and what does the bind energy can measure?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> the amount of energy required to break a bond, which is a measure of bond strength. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
Energy is ..... break a bond and ..... when bond is formed "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">nergy is always REQUIRED to break a bond. Energy is
always RELEASED when a bond is formed.** </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
tell me the energy for bond breaking YOU NEED ENERGY TO BREAK A BOND 
what happoesn to energy when bond formsENERGY IS REALSED<br><br><br>like a couple that get togetherr, they relese their ....
stabel compound and unstable compusn energies are ...... and giev an exampel of eca "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Stable compounds (e.g., N</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">) have HIGH bond energies.
Unstable compounds (e.g., ATP) have LOW bond energies.** </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what can u use when meaduring teh strength of a bond bind energy or energy required to break a bond <br><br><br><br><br>breaking= need energy <br>forming= relasing energy 
what do we mean when we say we have a high energy molecule? does it mean it has high bnd energy?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> When something is said to be a “high energy” molecule that does NOT mean it has high bond
energy. In fact, it means the very opposite. It is unstable and thus requires very little energy to
dissociate the bond. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
you have ATP which is high in energy, tell me if you need lot or low amount fo energy to break it high in energy molecu= unstavle= lowe energy to break ity 
what is Bond Dissociation Energy and which concpet is close to thsi?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>as far as the MCAT is concerned) think of this as the same thing as bond
energy—the amount of energy required to break or “dissociate” the bond</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div> energy is the average of the gas-phase bond dissociation energies of all bonds of
that same type in that same molecule. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div><div> </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>e amount of energy released when a molecule is combusted with oxygen is ...  </div>
</div>
</div></div>"heat of comubsion 
heat of combusion is "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>e amount of energy released when a molecule is combusted with oxygen </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does a high energy molcule mean?<br><br>unstable mocluele= low energy to break its bond= higher heat of cimbustion 
how does higher heat of combustion is related to energy of teh molcule??EXANPLE?<br>"<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">The higher the energy of the
molecule (i.e., less stable) the higher the heat of combustion.</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><b><i>FOR EXAPMLE, ATP IS A higeh energy moclue=unstable=low bodn energt= high heat of combustion </i></b></div>
</div>
</div>"
in which reaction all covanle bodns form or break?raducal reactions 
tell me exaclt what happnes when we break ATP in terms of chemistry all teh cnfusing breaking and realsing of E when forming and breaking "when we break a bond, E is reuired and when we form, energy is relases. <br><br>when we transition form ATP tp ADP energy is relases but <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>NOT because breaking the bonds in ATP released energy</div></li><li><div>it is because forming of the new bonds in ADP releases more energy than was required to break
the bonds in ATP </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is cooridnate covalnet bond? and what is teh requiaremnt for that ?example?"<div>
<div><div><img src=""Screen Shot 2024-01-19 at 8.53.09 PM.png""> covalent bond in which both electrons shared in the bond are donated by
one atom.  </div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>The donor molecule must have a lone pair and the recipient molecule must have an empty
orbital. <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div> <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">If a molecule does not have a lone pair of electrons it CANNOT form coordinate covalent
bonds with metals or other Lewis acids. </span></div><div>he bonding between water and the metal cation <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what do u call a compund due to a metal aforming cooridnate covalent bod?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> “coordination complex.” </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what needs to be true for a mocluel that can not forma cooridnate covalen bond?if it doesnt have a lone pari and no two electrons, cant form cooridnate with elwis acids or metal 
which what elements can u form a coordinate covalen bond?metals and lewis aicds
hwo do u dteremin the heat of comubistion on recation diagram?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>heat combustion, for the reaction will be equal to
the difference in height between the products and reactants.  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
heat of comsbustion is the higets for .... moleuces and why?"usntable, <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>∆Hcombustion, for the reaction will be equal to
the difference in height between the products and reactants. So, the more unstable the starting
products are, the higher they will be on the graph, and therefore the greater will be the
difference in height between products and reactants. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
can moelcular and empiral be teh same?example?<br>yes, liek H2O <br>
formual for petrcent mass"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> (mass of one element/total mass of the compound)(100%) </span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
Moleuc wieght of glucose is 180g/mol
if you are given the percent mass, what formula you can get from that?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">ONLY GET EMPRICAL formula</span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
3 steps to fer drive a formual from a percent mass, what fromual is thsi?"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>1)  Change the percent mass for each element into grams (i.e., 15% = 15g).
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>2)  Convert the grams of each element into moles by dividing by molar mass.
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>3)  Look at the element with the lowest number of moles. Calculate approximately how many times it will
</div>
<div>divide into each of the other molar amounts for each of the other elements—this number will be the
subscript for each element in the empirical formula. If the subscripts are not at their lowest common
denominator, reduce to get the <u>empirical formula. </u></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
when u are given percent mass, and total wieght of the comound how do u find the moleular formaula?"forsit, do the three steps of driving the emrpical fromual<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>1)  Change the percent mass for each element into grams (i.e., 15% = 15g).
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>2)  Convert the grams of each element into moles by dividing by molar mass.
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>3)  Look at the element with the lowest number of moles. Calculate approximately how many times it will
</div>
<div>divide into each of the other molar amounts for each of the other elements—this number will be the
subscript for each element in the empirical formula. If the subscripts are not at their lowest common
denominator, reduce to get the empirical formula.</div></li><li><div>Then, find the MW based on the emrpical formual, and then dividn teh actual tMW to emprical formula MW, You should
get a whole number. Multiply each subscript by that number to get the molecular formula.</div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo do you name ionic compund? giev an example "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Name the cation first, then the anion </div><div><br></div><div>NaCl= sodium chloride </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo do u name CaSO4"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Name the cation first, then the anion (i.e., calcium sulfate is CaSO4, not
</div>
<div>SO4Ca, and is not called “sulfate calcium”)</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>it is an ionic cmpound  </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo do u name monoatomic ion?example?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Named by replacing the last syllable with “-ide.”</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div> (e.g., sulfide ion, hydride ion,
chloride ion, etc.) </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"chrage and formual of teh following <span style=""font-style: italic;"">nitrate,nitrite</span>""<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>nitrate is NO3-</div>
</li><li><div>   nitrite is NO2-  </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
"what is formual and chareg for <span style=""font-style: italic;"">chlorate,
chlorite, hypochlorite, perchlorate</span>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>chorate is ClO3- ;</div>
</li><li><div> perchlorate is ClO4- ;</div></li><li><div> chlorite is
ClO2- ;</div></li><li><div> hypochlorite is ClO- </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the name and chareg for carbonate and bicarbonate, what is the difrenect between them?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>carbonate is CO32- ; bicarbonate is HCO3- ; </div>
</li><li><div> carbonet is -2 charge</div></li><li><div>bicrboante= HCO3-</div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is teh formual for and chareg for ammonia ans ammonium?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>mmonia is NH3 ;
ammonium is NH4+  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"formual and charge for <span style=""font-style: italic;"">sulfate, phosphate</span>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>sulfate is SO42- ; phosphate is PO43-  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"charge and formual for <span style=""font-style: italic;"">manganite, permanganate,cynide</span>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> manganate is MnO42- ; permanganate is
MnO4- ; cyanide is CN-. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"name these <br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>NO3- ; </div>
</li><li><div> NO2- ; </div></li><li><div>ClO3- ; </div></li><li><div> ClO4- ; </div></li><li><div> ClO2- ; </div></li><li><div> ClO- ; <br></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div><br><br>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>nitrate is NO3- ; nitrite is NO2- ; chorate is ClO3- ; perchlorate is ClO4- ; chlorite is
ClO2- ; hypochlorite is ClO- </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"name these <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> CO32- ; HCO3- ; NH3 ;  NH4+ ; sSO42- ;  PO43- ;  MnO42- ; pMnO4- ; CN-. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>rbonate is CO32- ; bicarbonate is HCO3- ; ammonia is NH3 ;
ammonium is NH4+ ; sulfate is SO42- ; phosphate is PO43- ; manganate is MnO42- ; permanganate is
MnO4- ; cyanide is CN-. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
tell teh naming for acids when you have the polyaotmic enging in ate, ite or just ide"<div>
<div>
<div>: Follow the “ate-ic – ite-ous” convention. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>If the ion name ends in “-ate,” replace that ending with
“-ic” as in: Nitrate → Nitric Acid. If the ion name ends in “-ite,” replace that ending with “-ous” as in: </div><div>Nitrite → Nitrous Acid. If the parent is a single ion rather than a polyatomic ion, replace the “ide”
ending with “-ic” and add “Hydro-” as a prefix, as in: Iodide → Hydroiodic Acid. <br></div>
</div>
</div>"
what is a binary compund and how do u name it "A binary compound is <em>a chemical substance that is made of two different elements only</em>.<br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Name the element furthest down and to the left on the periodic table first; use
poly prefixes as necessary (e.g., Nitrogen Trioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide, etc.). Some
have common names such as ammonia and water. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
give the steps for balancing an euqation on MCAT "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">1)  Balancethenumberofcarbons
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">2)  Balancethenumberofhydrogens
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">3)  Balancethenumberofoxygens
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">4)  Balancethenumberofanyremainingelements
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">5)  </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">If necessary, use fractions.</span>For example,if you have seven oxygen so none side oft he reactionand
</div>
<div>one O2 on the other side, put 7/2 in front of the O2.
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">6)  Multiply all ofth especies on both sides of thereaction byt hed enominator of any  fractions.
</span></div>
</li>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">7)  </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Doublecheckyourwork.</span>Thenumberofatomsofeachelementfoundoneithersideofthereaction
should be equal. Count them to be certain your coefficients are correct. The charges should also
balance. One of the most common errors is failure to fully multiply by a coefficient. For example, you
might accidentally count 2CO2 as 2 oxygens when there are actually 4 oxygens present.  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
do u need to woryy about balancing an euqation on MCTA?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">ou must double-check every reaction you see on the MCAT to ensure that it is balanced.
</span>Yes, they will give you unbalanced reactions without telling you! </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the product of the combustion recation?H2o and CO2
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;""> definition for each of the following: atomic weight, molecular weight </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""for mcat just think of atomic weight/molar mass/molecular weight as the “g/mol”
measurement given in the periodic table for individual elements"
where do u get the vakue if you see  molar mass or molcular  wieght "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>just think of atomic weight/molar mass/molecular weight as the “g/mol”
measurement given in the periodic table for individual elements, </div><div><br></div><div>so go to peruodci tabel and look at the weigh there thast it  </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what do u mean by mole "<div>
<div>
<div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>A mole is defined as Avogadro’s number
of anything. Just as a dozen is defined as 12 of anything, a mole is 6.022 x 1023 of anything. You
can have a mole of atoms, molecules, cars, monkeys, whatever. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div>"
what does 1 mole of carbon mean "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> 6.022 x 1023 ofd carbon become 1 mole    </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
if they give u moles you wanted to know number of ions or molcules or atoms, what do u do?"<img src=""Screen Shot 2024-01-19 at 9.45.06 PM.png""> <br><br> <br><br>multple by avegiards numebr vecayuse i mole really means 6*10^23 of something "
hwo do u deteremine ur limiting reagent?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>➢ Limiting Reagent:
</div>
<div>o You <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">must </span>have a balanced equation.
</div>
<div>o You <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">must </span>convert to moles first.
</div>
<div>o Compare the number of moles you have to the number of moles required to run one cycle of the
reaction, as indicated by the coefficients. The reactant you will run out of first is the limiting reagent.
</div>
<div>o <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">The reactant you have the least of, in either grams or moles, is NOT necessarily your limiting
reagent. </span>For example, suppose for the combustion of methane you have 1.5 moles of O2 and only 1.0
mole of methane. Because you need two moles of O2 to react with one mole of methane, you will run
out of O2 first and it is therefore your limiting reagent—even though you have more moles of O2 than
you do methane. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">theoretical yield, actual yield and percent yield. </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Theoretical yield is the amount of product in grams that would be produced if the reaction ran
100% to completion. In other words, you take your limiting reagent, do a mole-to-mole
conversion to get moles of product, and then convert that to grams. This is your theoretical
yield. </div>
</li><li><div>Actual yield is just what it sounds like, the amount of product in grams you obtain at the
end of the actual experiment in the lab. </div></li><li><div>The percent yield is just the ratio of the actual yield over
the theoretical yield multiplied by 100. </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
percent yielsis actula/tehorratcial*100
hwo does adding catalys effect the yield of the reaction?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Remember that yield is a function of reactants and equilibrium, NOT rate. </span>Thus, adding a
catalyst may increase rate, but will NOT increase yield. For the MCAT, focus on these two ways to
increase yield: </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
does adding catakys effect teh yield of the experimnet?nooo yeild is the function of recatant or eulibirum, catakys only increase the rate
what are the two way u coudl increase the yeild of a reaction?"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>1)  Start with <span style=""font-style: italic;"">more </span>reactants
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>2)  Shift the equilibrium to the right using one of the actions described by Le Chatelier’s Principle by remobing the oroduct, so stress is the left and you wanna keep making oroduct </div>
<div><br></div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
if you want to incrase the yield of the prodcuby by adding more recatans, what do you need to add for thsi to happen?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>it will <span style=""font-style: italic;"">only </span>work if you add more of the limiting reagent. Adding more of any
non-limiting reagent (i.e., a reagent that is in excess) will have no effect. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo to make a presdiction about the comund that requires the most O2 to combust?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">dd 1.0 for each carbon and subtract 0.5 for each oxygen</span>. The higher the resulting number the
more oxygen necessary for full combustion. This is NOT, however, the actual number of moles
required—this is only a ranking system. The only way to determine the exact moles of oxygen required
for a combustion reaction is to write out and balance the combustion equation. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is euqilibrium? what is happening at euilibrium?"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Equilibrium is the state reached in the progress of a reversible reaction wherein there ceases to
be any additional NET progress in either the forward or reverse direction.</div>
</li><li><div>  The reaction is still
proceeding to a very small degree in both directions, but these movements cancel one another
out. </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
what is entropy, energy andgibbes free energy at euailibrium? "<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> entropy for that reaction is at its maximum</div>
</li><li><div> lowest possible energy state for that reaction. G</div></li><li><div>Gibbs Free Energy
will be exactly zero at equilibrium </div></li>
</ol><div>reason: </div>
</div>
</div>"
what is gibbs free energy at euqilibrium? why?"zero, because at the reaction would <span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">not
proceed spontaneously</span> in either direction because it is already at its most favorable state "
which state if the reaction is te most favorabel one for the reaction?equilibrium because its at its most suitable state menaing lwoest energy possibel
does euqlibrium tell me about the rate?no, it just tells you how much of the oroduct/ recatat needs to get to teh most sutibal state where o net progress in eiether direction is happening 
does teh forward and reverse recation completly stops at euqilibrium?"no!!!<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>The reaction is still
proceeding to a very small degree in both directions, but these movements cancel one another
out.</div>
</li><li><div>so NO NET PROGRESS in any direction </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does a large Keq tell u? can u predict the rate based on this?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>at at equilibrium there will be a lot more products than there are reactants. This
tells us the reaction is spontaneous and will strongly favor the products side of the reaction, but
tells us nothing about how fast it will get there. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
does large Keq tell u anything baiyt spontunsty or which side is favores?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>at at equilibrium there will be a lot more products than there are reactants. This
tells us the reaction is spontaneous and will strongly favor the products side of the reaction, but
tells us nothing about how fast it will get there. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
formual for Keu"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">K</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">eq </span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">= [products]</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">x</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">/[reactants]</span><span style=""font-weight: 700;"">y</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700;""> </span>Keq is written with every term <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">raised to an exponent equal to its coefficient in the balanced
equation</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">WARNING: </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">, that you do NOT do this when writing rate laws</span>).</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what things are not included in equilibrium?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Pure liqu</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">ids (l)
</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">and pure solids (s) are never included!</span></div><div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">L and S are not included  </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"hwo does chnaging these effect the euilibrium?<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">addition of a catalyst</span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""> </span></div>
</div>
</div></div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">lowering the E</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">a</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">, stabilizing the transition state, </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"none of them effect the euqilibium because they effect the rate not euilibrium 
hwo does increasing teh tempreture effect the euilibium for exo vs enod tehrmic ?for exotehrmic, decarses the Keq<br>for endotermic, incresese keq
how does adding reactant or product effect the euqilibrium? similar concpoet for adding recatant?"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Adding
reactants or products will do NOTHING to equilibrium </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></div></li><li>
<div>What you have done is suddenly move
the reaction away from its equilibrium—but equilibrium didn’t move or change. Equilibrium is
still the same specified ratio of products/reactants –a state to which the reaction will now </div>
</li>
</ol><div><br></div><div>yeild is where you can add recatant or remvoe product  to chnage and increase the yeid  </div>
</div>
</div>"
when do u get reaction quotiont vs KeqKeq ONLY at euilibrium, <br>any calcution at any other pint of the reaction, is Q 
based on the Q and K, how do you predict which direction you go to?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>If Q > K, the reaction will proceed to the left or reactants. </div><div>  If Q < K, the reaction will proceed to the right or products. </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>look at the < sign and its relation to K, if it is eating the K , means <K= you are going to make products</div><div>>K, you are hating teh oroduct </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the ONLY thing that can chage the Keq?<br>ONLY ONLY temoreture, noit adding recatant or prodcut, not catalyst, not even a stress to teh system
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">n you disrupt the equilibrium, creating a “shift” according to Le Chatelier’s </span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">principle, what
happens to K</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">eq</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">? Does it change? </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""NO! <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>equilibrium as a law of nature—for
any set of reactants and products at a given temperature the ideal, lowest energy, highest
entropy state is fixed—it is predetermined by the permanent characteristics of the reactants and
products themselves. Temperature is the ONLY thing that actually changes equilibrium, Keq. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"what happens to euailibrium when <span style=""font-style: italic;"">adding/removing reactants</span>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> Adding reactants will shift the reaction to the right; Removing reactants will shift the reaction
to the left;  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what haopesn when you add/remove oroduct "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Adding products will shift the reaction to the left; Removing products will shift the
reaction to the righ </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo does increase+decrease pressure effect the equilibrium?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Increasing pressure will shift the reaction toward the side with fewer
moles of gas; Decreasing pressure will shift the reaction toward the side with more moles of gas </div>
</li>
</ol><div><br></div><div>increase= fewer mole gas</div><div>decarse= more gas</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo does increase tempretue effect Keq for EXO thermic reaction?thisnk, exothermic, heat on teh product, so you shift to the LEFT and Decrease the Keq<br><br>reemebr this is the only thing that chnages Keq
what happnes to Keq of an endothermic if you increass the tempreure?Keq increases and we shift to the right 
what does kinetic focus on and how does it do it?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Kinetics is the study of reaction rate. In other words, how quickly the reaction proceeds. </div><div><br></div><div>This is
usually measured in terms of how fast the reactants disappear by tracking changes in the
concentration of the reactants as a function of time (i </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does thermodyanmic focus on?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>the thermodynamics of a reaction reflect the potential reactivity (for example, given infinite
reaction time) and includes all measurements of energy flow and relative stability.</div><div><br></div><div>time is not the consdiertion, and it is looking how recative and potentail recativity!!! </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what are the terms you need to associte with tehrmodynamics?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>: Keq, Q, entropy,
enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, “favorability,” “spontaneity,” “differences in energy between
products vs. reactants,” and yield.  </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what are the things u need to associte with kinetics?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>rate,
catalysts, enzymes, energy of activation, reaction order, and transition state.   </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is that expection that breaks the wall between kinetci and thermo in terms of defention?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Temperature is the
IMPORTANT exception because it traverses the “wall of separation” and impacts both
thermodynamics and kinetics. Increased temperature increases the rate of the reaction.
Increased temperature can either increase or decrease the Keq depending on whether the
reaction is exothermic or endothermic (we’ll discuss this in more detail later). </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Drill into your
head that “temperature is the only thing that changes Keq.” </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what are the two reuiments that must be met for the reaction to happen?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>1)  The reactants must collide with enough energy to overcome the energy of activation
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>2)  The reactants must be in the correct spatial orientation </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the rate of teh recation is measure at?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Rate is measured as the change in<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> molarity (<span style=""font-style: italic;"">M</span>) of the reactants </span>per second (<span style=""font-style: italic;"">M/s</span>) </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>only the reactanst</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
how does the rate cgnages if you incerase the energy of the reacantsnt?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>would make them closer to the energy of activation and would therefore increase
rate; </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
how does increas ethe tempreture woudl efftect the rate?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> increase the average KE of the reactants and therefore
increase rate </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
on a reaction vs enrgy graph, how does an endo vs exothermi look?"<img src=""paste-60cdf6368194be47652d785b4d5eda21849ab422.jpg""><br>endo= product is higerh in E<br>exo= recatnt is higher in E<br><br>"
how does the graoh of  a recation with slow and fats step look? which on eis the faster one>"<img src=""paste-d06c728721815fff7b88b955146ba7e8c48f824c.jpg""><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>For a
reaction with a fast and slow step there should be two hills representing two transition states.
The higher of the two hills would represent the SLOW step and the lower of the two hills would
represent the FAST step. He </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">To calc</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">ulate the “order” of each reactant using experimental data: </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>1)  Find two trials where the [reactant] in question changed, but <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">all other parameters did NOT
</span>(i.e., the concentrations of the other reactants, temperature, pressure, etc., all remained
constant).
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>2)  Note the factor by which the reactant concentration changed.
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>3)  Note the factor by which the rate changed across those same two trials.
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div>4)  Solve for <span style=""font-style: italic;"">Y </span>in the following equation: <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">X</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Y </span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">= Z </span>; where <span style=""font-style: italic;"">X </span>= the factor by which the [reactant]
changed, <span style=""font-style: italic;"">Z </span>= the factor by which the rate changed, and <span style=""font-style: italic;"">Y </span>= the order of the reactant. Recall that
any number raised to the zero power is equal to one. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is the overall order of a reaction"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">he “overall order” of a reaction = the sum o</span><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">f the exponents in the rate law </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo do you go from denisty to moles?you mutilple by ml*mol/g<br><br><br>density= g/ml*ml= g <br><br>g*mol/g
For the rate law,when does the graph woudl be linear?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">Thesegraphswillonlybelinearwhenthereactionhasonlyasinglereactant,
OR when it is part of a multiple-reactant reaction where the rate is independent of ALL the other
reactants </span>(e.g., the other reactant is zero order, or is in excess). </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
Tell me the shape and drwa what the zero order recation look like? what rae the axis?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>A] vs. time is linear (i.e., yields a straight line) with slope = -k </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-f6f0b79c31bcab72ee3126f2957b17ccf95328e9.jpg""><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is teh first orde rrsction look like and what are the axis?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div> First Order: ln[A] vs. time is linear with slope =-k<br>
</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-1c4d92e5a41c9a66de887a2eb0564af173d8efdf.jpg""><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does the second order recation loo like and what are the axis?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Second Order: 1/[A] vs. time is linear with slope = k </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><img src=""paste-d579800e1874996b1489feb4175c81b9b1b955df.jpg""><br></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"what do u need to do for rates of <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Rates of Multi-Step Reactions: </div>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>o <span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">If there is a slow step, the slow step always determines the rate.<br>
</span>o If the slow step is first, the rate law can be written as if it were the only step.
</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
<div>o If the slow step is second (based on a few assumptions that are beyond the MCAT) the rate law can
still be written as the rate law for the slow step, with the product of the first step being treated as a
reactant in the second (slow) step. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
for wrting the rate law of mulptle steps, what woudl u do if the rate slow step was the first step?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>If the slow step is first, the rate law can be written as if it were the only step. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo do u write the rate law if the slow step is teh second step?qrite teh rate law for the slow step,<br><br>then look at the prouct of the first steo and use that alos in the rate law as a reactnat in teh slow step <br><br>so basicly the recatnat fo teh slow step and the product of the first step
what is a catalyso?what do they chnage?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>If the slow step is first, the rate law can be written as if it were the only step. </div><div><br></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Catalysts change the rate of the reaction by offering an alternate route for the reaction with a
lower energy transition state and therefore a lower energy of activation.  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does catalys do NOT chnage?very imprt for teh mcat "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>They do NOT change the equilibrium, Keq, enthalpy change, entropy
change, Gibbs free energy, or any other thermodynamic properties.</div>
</li><li><div>THEY DO NOT cxhance the oercent yeild  </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
Does catalys increase the percent yield?"NO NO NO <br><br><br><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> The MCAT uses this
question type heavily and students are often tricked into accepting a false concept such as:
“adding a catalyst will increase percent yield.”  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">hat is the difference between an enzyme and a catalyst?  </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"" <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>The word <span style=""font-style: italic;"">catalyst </span>is a more general term for any substance that increases the rate of a reaction
without being altered or consumed during the process. An <span style=""font-style: italic;"">enzyme </span>is one type of biological
catalyst </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
all are the enzyme catalys? yes we can say that 
are all catlysi enzyme?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>. It could be said that all enzymes are catalysts, but there are many catalysts
that are not enzymes. In fac </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo do u wirte the rate law for the cataksyze recation>"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Under
such an assumption, write the rate law in the same way as normal, with the concentration of the
catalyst added in as a reactant. The rate constant, <span style=""font-style: italic;"">k</span>, is sometimes replaced with <span style=""font-style: italic;"">k</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">cat</span><span style=""font-style: italic;"">.</span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;""><br></span></div><div><span style=""font-style: italic;"">so its is K*[recatnat] *{catalsyt </span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is BQ7 rhetrioci analsysis"<img src=""paste-cc4a30530088b7741e29d819fb47856709c9b918.jpg"">"
what is BQ8 least most supoorted"<img src=""paste-856c703eda0d5929faad802c808f0ef8fa91d344.jpg"">"
what is BQ9 assumption"<img src=""paste-955012e1a78908144030981c04bac4a2dcf58f09.jpg"">"
give a good exmaple of a phenona taht shows atoms are mostly empty spacesadding a cohorent beam of light to a singe atom, most of the oartcile will pass thriug undsitrbued becaue atom are made up almost entirely of empty spa <br><br><br><br>
what is the most common exampel of a cooridnate covalen bond on MCAT?"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>his usually occurs between a transition metal with a positive
oxidation state and an atom containing a lone pair.</div>
</li><li><div> Multiple NH3 molecules bonded to a transition metal is probably
the most common example you will encounter [e.g., Co(NH3)42+]. </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
hwo do u knwo if a reactio is exothermiceither delta H is nea=gative or it will tell you that it eveolse ehat or raises the tempreture of the vessle mean sexo thermic 
what are the two thing su need to consider for metalic chaarcter?they are either big or have low ionziation energy 
what is the placbeo effect? what varibe can be an exmape of this"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">: </span>One example of a confounding variable. The placebo effect occurs when
participants given a placebo (i.e., sham treatment) during a study experience<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""> real or
perceived</span> health benefits as a result of their belief that they are being treated. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
give an exmaple of a confounding variavel"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>uppose the relationship between A and B is being investigated. A is
hypothesized to increase B. Experimental results support this hypothesis. It is later
discovered that a third variable, C (a.k.a., <span style=""font-style: italic;"">extraneous variable</span>), influences both A and B,
decreasing A and increasing B. In fact, it was C that created the observed result in B that
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>was erroneously attributed to A. Variable C is a confounding variable. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is a detection bias and an exmapel of it?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>systematic differences between groups caused by inconsistency in the
<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">method of detection or diagnosis. </span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""><br></span></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>XAMPLE: A study reports that inner city children suffer from ADHD at twice the rate of
suburban children. It is later discovered that systematic differences existed between the
diagnostic tools and training available at inner city hospitals included in the study vs.
suburban hospitals included in the study. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);""><br></span></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is performnace bias?example?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;""> </span>= Systematic differences between groups in terms of <span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);"">the actual care or
treatment provided. </span></div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);""><br></span></div><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>EXAMPLE: A physician unconsciously pays closer attention to and conducts more follow-
up with patients the doctor knows to be enrolled in a heart study. This results in
differences in care for those individuals not accounted for in the study. </div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is experminter bias? example? another name RESERACHER BIAS, "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Errors introduced into a<span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);""> study due to the
expectations of the investigator</span>. Examples could include confirmation bias, or reporting bias
by the investigator with respect to results, or unconscious communication of expected results
to the participants, influencing their behavior. </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is confirmation bias? What is the general category this can fall into<div><br></div><div><br></div>"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>The tendency to favor information that confirms one’s hypothesis or
preconceived notions, and to dismiss information that discredits them</div>
</li><li><div>like you just wanna loook for the ifnor that ok ur hypotheis and ignore the shit u dint care abt  </div><div>It is a type of researcher or performer bias</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is reporting bias? example? General category for this bias is "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div>Systematic differences resulting from some findings being reported and
other findings not being reported </div>
</li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>
<div> Investigators may withhold or ignore data that does
not support their hypothesis (if conscious and intentional this would be a clear violation
of ethics). Statistically-significant results are usually far more likely to be reported than
are statistically insignificant results, although both are important to an unbiased
determination. </div><div>General=performer bias </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does ompression managment mean? is it an active or passive process>it is active porocess of cretaing soecific imopression of oneselft to another <br><br>ex) mecical students are hiding themselves and presenting themselvs to the the attendaning 
do you count suprvisors and tecahers as peers who can make peer pressure?no, they ar ent peers= peoepl os same age and status so peer pressure is not related to them 
what is group think?is the porcess throiugh which shit in teh grouo can lead to poor desicons
what is socialization and exaple of that ? process through which peoepl learn things that prepare them to parctipate in the social ssytme ina a socilay acceoatelb way 
what is BQ10 apply passage rule passage rule aregues "<img src=""Screen Shot 2024-01-21 at 10.38.43 AM.png"">"
what is BQ11 passage counsel ?"<img src=""Screen Shot 2024-01-21 at 10.39.14 AM.png"">"
what is BQ12 considered together "<img src=""paste-be4262ac8774b422f7f47ade452e2cf0eeaf90ff.jpg"">"
what is an emape of attention grabber in essay?<b>the first sentence that the reader will see, and its purpose is to grab the reader's attention</b>. A few common attention grabbers are: - A short, meaningful quote that relates to your topic.
arbitration menas you give teh calim to anothe rparty to resolve it 
what does appeal meanreconsidration<br><br><br><br>my dad showed up to court for appeal or reconsidration
contest defto defend against<br><br><br> i have to constangt to myself
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>tribunal </div>
</div>
</div></div>"court of justice 
preciev something <br>becoming aware of it 
what happens during electrin ejection "<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>n electron becomes excited, it can “relax” and return to its previous,
lower energy level, releasing a photon in the process.  </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
what happesn during flouresenc or phosphoreousnes?electron becomes excites, and rlazx back and it will reralse a photon tha counts for this
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>energy laser source to induce cation
formation is as same as  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"ionization energy 
what do u form after iozniation energy was  added?it will form a cation and electron woudl be ejected
what are the ways that you can predict a wheter something is teh most electronegtaive? two things u need to knwo smallest and highest iozniation woudl be the most electrinegatiev 
in Fe2(SO4)3, what does the 2 and 3 refets to? what is oxiation of rion?2 is oxiadtion of sulfate<br>3 is for iorn <br>iron is III<br>
what is the xoidation of S in the follwing Fe2(SO4)3well, so4 is negatiev two overlll charge <br>oxygen is -2, we have 4, so it is -8 sulfur eneeds to be positive 6
what is oxidation of Oxygen?-2
tell the relation between metalic, conductiord and electroly"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> more metallic an ion is, the better electrolyte it will be in solution, which will make it a better conductor. </div>
</li><li><div>metalic is the one that bigger and lowe iozniation energy </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what does it mean when Q>Ke or Q<Keqwhen Q>Keq, we have more products than we have at euqilibrium, so you need to shift ot the left to recah the euqilibrium again <br>when is smaller, menas we have mor erecatnats than we have ta eq, so we ned to move ot teh right to rech the euilibrium <br>WE CAN NOT PRIDCT spontnouty based on the relation between Q and K, <br><br><br><br>
cam you predic the spontunty based on the relation of Q and Keq?"no, that ahve to do <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>have to do with Gibb’s free energy, which cannot be predicted by comparing K and Q. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
when valanec electrons are ejected from outermost, does it relase energy?NO it does reqired energy
when can a covanelnt molcule be a good elctryte so a good conductor?example"when solution of the ions in water that
is a good conductor, not the pure compound itself (HCl is an example "
what is an exmaple of non metal ionic compund when you use ammonium (NH4+)
is NH4Cl and PbNO3 ionic or covalnewell thing about iy<br>NH4+ ad cl negatiev so ioninc<br>same for pbno3<br>remebr ionic can be mtal non metal or posutev and negatiev chtragge 
what is NH4+ have tyep of ...it is covalent bonds becase both are non metal 
imgaine this list, LiH, Na and KH , hwo does the diffrenec in elctrngtaive of these things compred and tehir ionic charctes?so H is teh same, as you go down, the lectrnegtive decraaes, so the diffrence becomes bigger, menaing K is teh oen with greates ionic charcter<br>
does elctrons alwasy share eullay betweem tow thing a covalent bpdn<br>no this reraly happens 
what is state of all ionic compund "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>essentially all ionic compounds are solids at room temperature. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
if u have foud an unknow that conduct elctrcity, can you say it only can be ionic?no because remeber that some covanlenst like HCL can also coundct electrciy when dissolves in water 
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>The azimuthal quantum number describes </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>""this is the house, and describes
the subshell where the electron is located. "
magntic qunatu number describes"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> specifies
which of the orbitals holds the electron.= room </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what can diffrenetiian between two electron in teh same orbital?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>electron spin quantum number
differentiates between two electrons in the
same orbital. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
if yiu are comring for exampel N vs O  S in terms of metalic characte,which one is more metalkic cgharcter?"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>ways remember that there are only small differences as you move across the same period,
but very large differences as you jump one entire period. </div>
</li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>lfur would be far more metallic than nitrogen even though they are both only one away from oxyge </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
hwo does chnaging teh cioncetraion of recatants chnage the Keq?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> K is a ratio of products over
reactants AT EQUILIBRIUM and has nothing to do with how much of each you started with. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
when they ask for the electron cofnugratin of soemthing in it smsot stable stae, what do they mean?they ask for the ground state
if tehy aks baout the elctron cinfgation fo cl in NaC;, what do u do?you will asiiign it to Cl- which has one more E so it is the choldirde ion not the groudn state
hwo to thin when they tell you something has recated with something esle and whta would be teh gas formed?example Sr reacting with H2oso write the thing out, abd look at the oprtions they give you, ask if thsi is the gas, what woudl i have been left with? is that logical?<br><br>
what is teh flash point for metals? what sis it trend when going down the group?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>h point is the temperature at which a metal basically decomposes or explo </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>The reactivity of metals with water increases
going down a family in the periodic table. This
trend is best explained by electrnegtaivity or ionziation energy? </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"it is teh iozniation energy bease we are loking at the metal taht has loosly electron and giev it off easliy, electrinetaivet how capleb it is to attarcl the electron in a bond <br><br> <em>the tendency of an atom participating in a covalent bond to attract the bonding electrons</em>.
what is teh charactrsi of a good insulator?insulatro doesn pass teh electrosn aorund, so it needs to be high in ionxiation energy
what does conduction of electricty reall mean?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> Recall that conduction of electricity involves electrons in the outermost shell being
bumped from one atom to another</div>
</li><li><div>metals are really good at thsi </div></li><li><div> </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what can be a barrier to conduction conduction is when electron of ourtemost shell or valanec being bumoed from one to another, so if thsi cant be the case, iy woudl be a bd conductor whcih si like haveing a hig iuoznaition energy
what is decorbylastion and is it goo in energy?formaion of CO2, <br>very favorable
VERY IMPT: THe thinsg you need to know that can cause light emission and/or color changes. "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Whenever photons of light are emitted from an atom it has to be because
electrons are relaxing from a higher to a lower energy level and releasing the extra energy as photons. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
explain the situation of making dull or rich colros from teh trasntion metalstarsnition metals have artilaly filled d orbitals and elctrons can aborbs many different wavelengths of light!<br>the usyally abrob near all the white colo  EXCEPT for a few wavelengths that get reflectes, resulting in a dull to rich color <br><br>so this light is due to the unaborbed and refecled light not the emiting the light from lower to highe rtransition state <br><br><br><br>
"when you have bright colros that are <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> fluorescent, phosphorescent, or that show up in falme test, what type of emision is it?</div></li></ol></div></div></div><div><div><div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>are usually due to actua<u>l photon emission rather than reflection of unabsorbed light.</u> The
duller colors seen in solution chemistry are almost of teh unasborde light emission and partial d orbitals due to partially filled d orbit </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"which is due to unabired light reflction and partily d orbita, which is due to emission of the light when e goes from higeh to low<br> <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>re fluorescent, </div>
</li><li><div>phosphorescen</div></li><li><div>flame test </div></li><li><div>bright and dull colors  </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"first three= is emisiion of high to low electron transtion <br>last is d orbita
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>henever you are asked for “another element” that will react “similarly” to a given element,what do u do   </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"look for an atom taht is in teh same group or column 
 shape and formaul fo acetone" <b>(CH3)2CO<br></b><br><br><img src=""paste-571348dd1f559fddf232a07ff683fa5252efefd9.jpg"">"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>whenever you see a question about why something is a gas, liquid, solid, etc., or why it takes a lot of energy to
go from one phase to another,what do you think of?what is the general and more specifi ter,?</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"First geenral woudl be inTERmolcular phases 
moelcular wieght fo h2018g/mol
what to py close attention when aksing for a moel for exlaple mole of Fe2(SO4)3 in 200ml of aosmething that was added to 2 l water first, consider that moels woudl be in ye orginal stick souldtion so use 200ml for viluem, and whatever mole you get u need to multple bu subscritp DO NOT forget that
what can increas eteh percent yield? does adding more reactants does?"removing teh product does <div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> but % yield CANNOT be increased, by adding more reactants. Of course, if one reactant is in excess and
one is limiting, then only adding the limiting reagent will have any effec </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
tell me whne u can incerase yeild vs percent yeild for yeild and quanitiyy of yiel= both recatnat and remove produc<br>for percent yeild, only remving priduct will increase percent yeild
kinetc has to do with recanat or product or both?only recatnat 
what is teh reason behind the increase rate du to increase tempreure "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>The reason temperature increases reaction rate is exactly what option D states, a greater fraction of
the molecules will have enough energy to react</div>
</li><li><div>(because temperature is a measure of average KE of the
molecules). </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
hwo does inceraisng tempreture of the fast step effect teh rate for  a reaction with two fats and slow step?for fast has no effect on rate becaus rememebr that only slow dteremin the rate 
doctorineset of belifs <br><br><br><br><br>docotrs have sets of beliefs
if one reactant is in excess, coudl it be in teh rate law/"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> Because B is in excess, it cannot be affecting rate </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
if the rate law graph is not linear, what does it really mean? example thatvln vs time is not linear"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> So, a non-linear graph means that either the reaction does have only one
reactant but the order of that one reactant is NOT the order associated with that graph, or it could mean that
both A and B are in the rate law </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
if you have two recatnat in one recation, and you wanna eliminate the effect of one of teh reacants om the reaction, what woudl u do?put the one not caring baout in ecxess so that creally menas it is zero order
what effect does it have if yoiu leave a recatnat in excess in terms pf the rate?it means that you are making zero order for that recatant, so it doent effect teh rate 
what does ductile really mean?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>s capable of being formed into wires </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
the emission of light or making a color , when is due to d robitals and when is due to transtion from highe r to lower E"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Bright colors, phosphorescence, etc. is associated with this energy
transition of realxing back to the lower energy and emison of a photon , iex ray adn light . Color produced by transition metals in solution is usually a different process. In this case the electrons
in the d-orbitals absorb all light EXCEPT for the color observed and the oine reflect dbeing emitted</div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is teh first tyhing to think when u see a color production and photpshourse color and stuffthisiis due to electron trasniotn, so anything with ionziation energy, electron excoation or relaxation 
what si being absorbed by photoelctric mater? electron or photon IT IS PHOTON NOT ELECTRON 
when you incerasze teh ferwucney of the light being addded to metal, what happens to the eletrons jection? does the numebr of lectrons bein ejects incerase?the KE increases, so speed of electrons will ioncrease or thso ee will have more energy NOT THE NUMBRE OF The shit ejected
what happnes in beta vs positiron emsioon and elctro capture "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;""> </span>During beta decay a neutron is changed into a proton with the associated loss of an electron.</div>
</li><li><div>proton beocme a neuron and posittron  </div></li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>a proton becomes a neutron in posi and elc tron capture </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what happens that si similar to poitiron and electron cature <ul><li>proton becomes decrase by1 nd turn into neurton </li></ul>
which radio active decay has gamma radiotion involed?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div> all radioactive decay is usually accompanied by some gamma ray emission. Thus, D is the best answer. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>ron, like other transition metals, shows limited
reactivity. Most reactions must be catalyzed by a strong
acid. The Keq for such an acid catalyst would be: </div>
</div>
</div></div>""<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700;""> </span>Keq is the ratio of products over reactants raised to their coefficients in the balanced equation. Because strong
acids, by definition, dissociate 100%, the Ka will be the ratio of nearly 100 percent product over almost no
reactant—a very large numbe </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is a spector ion?<b>The ions which do not participate in chemical reactions and present the same on both sides of the reactions</b> 
expalin tconvection and an example "<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Convection: Fluid movement caused by the hotter portions of a fluid rising and the cooler portions of
</div>
<div>a fluid sinking. Air currents and convection currents in water are examples.</div></li><li><div>Air currents and convection currents in water are examples. </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
radiation heat exhangineg example "<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Radiation: Electromagnetic waves emitted from a hot body into the surrounding environment. </div>
</li><li><div>example: heat form skin scoaed to the neviormnet </div></li><li><div>heat escaping from a non-insu;ated wire</div></li><li><div>so escape to the envriment with electromagnetic radion is radition  </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is teh difrfrenec between light and dark colros radiating heat"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>Lightcolorsradiateandabsorbless </div>
</li><li><div><div> <div> <div> <div>darkcolorsradiateandabsorbmore </div> </div> </div></div></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is blacj body radiator?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>theoretically perfect body that absorbs all energy incident upon it (or
produced within it) and then emits 100% of this energy as electromagnetic radiation. </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is codnuction?what is related to?"<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>due to  Molecular collisions carry heat along a conduit. </div></li><li><div>reated to temprut, </div></li><li><div> temperature is a reflection of
the average kinetic energy of the molecules. </div></li><li><div>High energy molecules collide with their neighbors, which
in turn collide with their neighbors until eventually the energy is spread equally throughout. </div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>"
what is heat conduction really mean?exampele"<br>they mocluels keep collaidng untill teh energy is spread eualli <br><br><br>natural flwo of air due to BEING IN CONTACT OR BEING IN CON<span style=""background-color: rgb(0, 253, 255);"">DUCTT<br><br><br>exmaple:</span><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>A chicken sitting on her eggs to keep them
warm,  it the tranfer of heat due to contcat </div>
</li><li><div><div>
<div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>
<div>A heating blanket wrapped around a victim
just rescued from a blizzard, heat is flowing due to being in cintact  </div>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div></div></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div></div>"
what needs to be doen for cinduction to happen?exampelthey need to be in contact like heater and a pan wheet heat goes from element to pan <br>pan and water is also conduction flow beause pan and wter are also in contcat
give an ecampel of convection for  a water in a cntainer, the bootm protion of the watewr gets warm, and flows through the thing this conduction 
what is heat capacity?"<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>The amount of energy (Joules or Calories) a system must absorb to give a unit change in
temperature (J/K or cal/ ̊C). </div>
</div>
</div></div>"
what is teh formula fo rheat caoacity? what does itmean "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><span style=""font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;"">C = q/∆T </span></div>
</div>
</div></div><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>ere C is the heat capacity, q is heat (or other energy) and T is temperature: </div>
</div>
</div></div><br><br><br>amoutg of energy eithe rin jouls or calries needed to beabaorbewd to giev a unit chnage in tempreture <br>"
when do u have constant volume vs constan pressure "<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>Systems can be confined by rigid walls =constant volume</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>can be open to the atmosphere like water in a beaker= constant pressure</div>
</div>
</div></div>"
"what does thiis show<br><div>
<div>
<div>
<div>1)Systems can be confined by rigid walls</div><div>2?)systemopen to the atmosphere like water in a beaker</div>
</div>
</div></div><br>"1)constant volume <br>2)constangt pressure
three types of fibers:"<span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">. The three types of muscle fibres are </span><b>slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG)</b><span style=""color: rgb(232, 234, 237); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">.</span><br><br><img alt=""Screen Shot 2024-01-24 at 11.21.40 AM.png (1060×596)"" src=""Screen Shot 2024-01-24 at 11.21.40 AM.png""><br>"
define the muscle fibers "<span style=""color: rgb(2, 6, 33); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">The three types of muscle fiber are slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative (FO) and fast glycolytic (FG). <br><br><br></span><span style=""color: rgb(2, 6, 33); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">slow oxidative</span><span style=""color: rgb(2, 6, 33);""><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> fibers use a</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(85, 85, 255);"">erobic metabolism</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> to produce low power contractions over long periods and are slow to fatigue.<br><br> FO fibers use</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 65, 39);""> aerobic metabolism to prod</span><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">uce ATP but produce higher tension contractions than SO fibers. FG fibers use anaerobic metabolism to produce powerful, high-tension contractions but fatigue quickly.</span></span>"
whatg needs to be true for total internal reflction from morw to low 
lighgt is transverse electromagnetci 
sound is ...longituoinal wave 
interfernce   in physics is <br><br><br>constrcutiev vs desatcrutive <br>
when electons coem back down from higehr to lower enery, what happens tothe energy pf the photom?it has a lower energy because some energy is lostg as heat
root mean square erros is  ... and hgh value shows... and low valu evalue error<br><br>low- more precise <br>higher= more error<br>Low RMSE values indicate that the model fits the data well and has more precise predictions. <br><br>Conversely, higher values suggest more error and less precise predictions.
when you clibrate is to is to establsih tghe a basline of compariosm so the stateliet redaing esmite polution
when u use mgh , what is teh mass unit Kg 
tell hwo does the light chnages when travel from low to high mediucm?"<img src=""Screen Shot 2024-01-24 at 11.29.32 AM.png"">,When light crosses an interface into a medi<span style=""color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"">um with a higher index of refraction</span>, the light bends towards the normal"
what is the perssure and velcoitgy relation inverse, 
what is the diffrenec between karkosof and wernick encslphathy"<b>Wernicke's encephalopathy represents the ""acute"" phase of the disorder and Korsakoff's amnesic syndrome represents the disorder progressing to a ""chronic"" or long-lasting stage</b><span style=""color: rgb(189, 193, 198); background-color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">.</span>"
what is the BQ13 about public policy "<img src=""Screenshot 2024-01-23 at 1.27.46 PM.png"">"
what os BP 14 analgous mean ?"<img src=""Screenshot 2024-01-23 at 1.28.22 PM.png"">"
what happens when heat enters a systme?"<div>,when heat enters a system, it eithe rcan do pv work, increase temopretu o both. if colume is invlovedn pv work is one, if not, only temrture will chnage </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>if the system is capable of volume</div>
<div>change, heat can go to pv work, increased temperature, or both.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>now  the addition of</div>
<div>a certain amount of heat will NOT necessarily be exactly proportional to the resultant increase in</div>
<div>temperature because when  If the system is not capable of changing volume then </div>"
does consant pressure or volume has a highe rheat capacity?why"constant pressure <br><br><div>pressure heat capacity (allows for pv work; i.e., includes the 2-gallon reserve tank) will be more</div>
<div>than the constant volume heat capacity (does not allow for pv work; i.e., no reserve tank) for</div>
<div>the same system</div>"
when do u use c and C for heat?c for soecific heat capacity <br>C for heat cpapcity 
what is teh diffrenece between heat capacity vs specific heat capacity "<div>Heat Capacity</div><div>; the energy absorbed/unit change in</div>
<div>temperature for a <i>system</i>. q/delta T </div><div><br></div><div>specific heat cpapcity= energy osbobed for one indivula substnace ONLY , defines per unit mass, <b><i>q = mc∆T</i></b></div>"
what is teh specifdic heat of water?<div> <b><i>Specific Heat of Water = 1.0 cal/g˚C </i></b><i>or</i><b><i> 4.18 J/g˚C</i></b></div>
if you have more water in one bekaer  than th eother, how doe sthe specific heat and heat capacity chnages?<br>specific woudl be identical, heat caapcity woudl be more fo rth eone iwth more water
what is the purpose of claimrometer and what does it measure?and what doe sit assume <div>used for enthalpy change (∆H)</div><div><br></div><div>it m,easure the q or heat </div><div>it assumes q is euqal to (∆H)</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
whne does claimorteer assumption of q= (∆H) is trueat constnat pressure 
hwo does coffe cup clairomote works?<div>Solve using: q=mc∆T</div><div><br></div><div>Some heat use to do pv work as the pressure is constant so amount of delta H less than bomb </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>is not less accurate as the other thing </div><div><br></div><div><br></div>
how does bombm caluromete works?"<div>Solve using: q = C∆T. This does NOT give enthalpy, but change in internal</div>
<div>energy, ∆U or ∆E. Use heat capacity (big C) instead of specific heat capacity (little c).</div>"
bombm calirometer formula, what does it measur and whta is the thing it doesn show "<div> q = C∆T.</div><div><br></div><div>Volume is the same, no PV work is done </div><div><br></div><div>C is the heat capacxity, not specidf heat caapcity </div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div>s does NOT give enthalpy, but change in internal</div>
<div>energy, ∆U or ∆E.</div></div><div>Have higher delta H compared to coffe cup </div>"
bomb caliromete has ....and coffe cup  has bpmb is seal, so constnat volume <br>coffe cup not selaed, so constant pressure <br>
which calirmoete has constant volume, which has constnt prssurepressre= coffee, <br>volume= bombm 
define work in two ways phsycis: energy transfer via a force<br>chemisyry= change in volume at constant pressure
accoridng to PV work, when do you have pv work?when u have a change in volume because pressure is constnt 
what is the formual for worek done by gas?<div><b><i>PV Work = P∆V</i></b> (requires constant pressure, <i>any</i> change in volume tells you there is pv work)</div>
what does the area under curve of P vs Volum eshows you area means multplying, so PV  is the work pv
work done on teh systme is .... and woerk done  by the systme "<div>By convention, work done <i>on</i> the system is positive, thing about a docrot r who does beausty work on u= positive adding to you </di
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