Pre-test
1. Horticulture
2. Pomology
3. Olericulture
4. Floriculture
5. Factors affecting success of garden management
6. Orchard is an area where different fruit crops are planted in an
__________ manner
7-12. List down 6 lay out designs in Orchard Management.
Objectives
1. To gain knowledge on good agricultural practices in
Orchard Management; and
2. To explore and experience Orchard Management
activities.
Horticulture
 from the Latin words hortus, “garden,” and colere, “to cultivate”
 branch of plant agriculture that deals with garden crops
 garden management or intensive commercial production
 domestic gardening and field agriculture
Horticulture
Purposes
 For food: Pomology
Pomology – deals with fruits and nuts
Olericulture – deals with herbaceous crops/vegetables
 For ornament:
Floriculture - deals with production of flowers and ornamental plants
Landscape horticulture – includes plants for the landscape
Factors Affecting Success of Garden
Management
 Climate
 Terrain
 Regional variations
Pomology (Fruit Orchard Management)
Orchard – an area where different fruit crops are planted in an orderly
manner; managed for production of successive yield for
economic return
Orchard Management
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the organization of operations from land
selection to marketing of produce;
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this requires careful and proper planning
Why manage your orchard?
 Long term investment
 Maximize economic returns
 Optimum resource utilization
 Increase productivity
Key knowledge in orchard management
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Soil management
Water management
Nutrition management
Pruning and training (plant management
Weed management
Plant protection (pest and diseases; human activities)
Harvesting
Post-harvesting
Value-adding and marketing
Soil Management
 Creates favorable conditions for moisture supply and proper drainage
 Maintains high fertility level
 Reduce soil erosion
 Reduce cost of cultivation
 Suppress weed population
 Intercropping, cover cropping, mulching, crop rotation, high density
planting, nutrient management
Water Management
 Influences photosynthesis, respiration, absorption, translocation
and utilization of minerals
 Soil needs water in order to:
Remove stress condition
Release nutrients in soil for plant absorption
Leach or wash out harmful salts from the soil
Water Management
Irrigation
I. Surface irrigation
Flooding, Basin type, Furrow type, Ring type
II. Sub-surface irrigation
Trench method, Underground pipelines
III. Overhead or Aerial irrigation
Sprinkler, Revolving nozzles
IV. Drip or trickle irrigation
Nutrient Management
 Increase soil fertility
 Increase availability of nutrients for plant consumption
 Reduce nutrient loss through leaching, runoff, volatilization and
maintaining fixation of nutrients to the soil (manuring)
Weed Management
 Reduce crop yield
 Hosts for pests and diseases
 Competes with desired crop
 Partially or completely parasitic to host tree
Layout Design
6 Layout designs
1. Square method
2. Rectangular method
3. Triangular method
4. Quincunx method
5. Hexagonal method
6. Contour method
Square Method
Plot is divided into squares and trees are planted at 4 corners of square
Advantages
• Irrigation channels and paths can be made straight
• Easy cultivation, spraying, harvesting
• Better supervision
Disadvantages
• Limited trees in a given area
• Certain amount of space wasted in the middle of 4
trees
Square and Rectangular Method
Quincunx/Diagonal Method
Hexagonal/Triangular Method
Contour/Terrace System
Calculate the number of Orange tree in a square system
of planting in 1 hectare area, if the row to row and plant
to plant spacing is 5x5 m2.
Calculate the number of Mango tree in a rectangular
system of planting in 2 hectare area, if the row spacing is
10m and plant spacing is 8m.
Calculate the number of Orange and Papaya tree in a
quincunx system of planting in 1 hectare area, if the row
to row and plant to plant spacing is 6x6 m2.
Rectangular Method
Plot is divided into rectangles and trees are planted at 4 corners in straight
rows running at right angles
Advantages
• Irrigation channels and paths can be made in length with enough air
passage
• Possibility of intercropping
Disadvantages
•
Limited trees in a given area
•
Certain amount of space wasted in the middle of 4
trees
Quincunx Method
Like square method, but a 5th tree is planted in the middle of each square
Advantages
• Additional income from filler crop
• Doubled number of trees planted initially
• Full use of land is possible
Disadvantages
• Skills required to layout the orchard
• Trees in between may interfere with the growth of main
crop
• Spacing of main crop is reduced if filler crop continues to
Triangular Method
Trees planted like square method, but plants in 2, 4, 6 (alternate rows) are planted
in between 1, 3, 5 and other alternate rows
Advantages
• Additional income from filler crop
• Full use of land is possible
Disadvantages
• Skills required to layout the orchard
• Trees in between may interfere with the growth of main
crop
• Spacing of main crop is reduced if filler crop continues to
grow
Hexagonal Method
Trees planted at the corners of equilateral triangle;
6 trees (hexagon) with 1 at the center
Advantages
• Ideal for fertile soil and source of water
• More trees can be planted
Disadvantages
• Same distance can be maintained
• Difficult intercultural operations
• More income
• Skill is required
Contour Method
Follows the slope of the hills
Advantages
• Can be utilized in hilly areas
• Helps control soil erosion
• Helps conserve water
• Easy path movements on hills for various tasks
Disadvantages
• Difficult in laying out contours/time consuming
• Requires special skills and instruments
• Not equal row-to-row distance