Science
Stage 9
Paper 2
2024
45 minutes
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• You should show all your working on the question paper.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
3146_02_7RP
© UCLES 2024
2
1
Look at the diagram of part of the cross-section of a plant leaf.
upper layer
palisade layer
vein
spongy layer
lower layer
stoma
(a) The palisade layer contains many chloroplasts.
(i) What process happens inside chloroplasts?
[1]
(ii) Name two gases exchanged through the stoma.
1
2
[2]
(b) Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll.
What is the function of chlorophyll?
[1]
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3
2
The diagram shows a model of the atomic structure of a sodium atom and a chlorine atom.
Na
Cl
A sodium atom and a chlorine atom react together to make a sodium ion, Na+, and a chloride ion,
Cl –.
(a) Describe how a sodium atom and a chlorine atom become charged ions.
sodium atom
chlorine atom
[2]
(b) Describe how ions are held together in an ionic compound.
[2]
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4
3
This question is about thermal transfer.
Decide if each sentence is true or false.
Tick () the correct box.
sentence
true
false
Heat is the word used to measure how hot an object is.
Thermal energy is measured in °C.
When thermal energy is transferred, more thermal
energy is created.
Thermal energy always transfers from hotter objects to
colder objects.
Heat dissipation happens when thermal energy
transfers from a hotter region to a colder region.
A liquid is a good thermal energy conductor.
Convection happens in liquids and gases only.
Radiation needs particles to transfer thermal energy.
[4]
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5
4
Look at the diagram of a model of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle.
crust
X
upper
mantle
(a) Name one event that happens at X.
[1]
(b) What do the arrows on the diagram represent?
[1]
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6
5
The diagram shows a circuit with two lamps.
Complete the circuit diagram to show how to measure the voltage across one of the lamps.
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[2]
7
6
Safia is making a salt called copper chloride.
She adds insoluble copper carbonate to dilute hydrochloric acid.
Water and carbon dioxide are also produced.
(a) Write the word equation for this reaction.
[2]
(b) Complete the information about the method Safia uses to make copper chloride.
Safia:
• adds excess copper carbonate to dilute hydrochloric acid
• separates the excess copper carbonate from the reaction mixture by
• pours the filtrate into an evaporating basin
• obtains a saturated solution from the filtrate by
• leaves the saturated solution in a warm place to
.
[3]
(c) Suggest one piece of safety equipment Safia uses when making copper chloride.
[1]
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8
7
Mike investigates the temperature of a classroom every day for five days.
Look at the table of his results.
day
temperature
in °C
1
21.0
2
21.5
3
22.3
4
21.8
5
22.4
(a) Mike starts to plot the results in a bar chart.
Complete his bar chart.
23.0
22.0
temperature
in °C
21.0
20.0
1
2
3
day
4
5
[2]
(b) Carlos tells Mike to measure the temperature twice each day at the same time of day.
Explain why this improves the investigation.
[1]
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8
Scientists think the Moon was formed during a collision between the Earth and another small
planet.
This is called the collision theory for the formation of the Moon.
Describe three reasons why rocks collected from the Moon support this collision theory.
1
2
3
[3]
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10
9
The diagram shows the genetic material inside an animal cell.
A
B
D
C
E
NOT TO SCALE
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11
Look at parts A, B, C, D and E.
(a) Circle the letter that shows a chromosome.
A
B
C
D
E
[1]
(b) Circle the letter that controls a single characteristic such as eye colour.
A
B
C
D
E
[1]
(c) Write down the name of the chemical that is in a chromosome.
[1]
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12
10 Ahmed wants to find the density of dry sand.
The dry sand has a mass of 150 g and a volume of 100 cm3.
Calculate the density of the dry sand.
Include the unit of density in your answer.
density =
unit
[3]
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11 Mia investigates an electrical circuit.
(a) She makes this prediction,
‘Adding more lamps into a series circuit
does not change the current in the circuit.’
Tick () to show if Mia's prediction is correct.
yes
no
Give a reason for your answer.
[1]
(b) The current flowing through a lamp is 4.5 A.
The voltage across the lamp is 1.5 V.
Calculate the resistance of the lamp.
resistance =
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Ω
[2]
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14
12 (a) A scientist develops a model about climate change.
The scientist makes this prediction in 2013.
‘By the year 2100 the average temperature
at the Earth’s surface will rise by 1.5 °C.’
The same scientist changes the prediction in 2023.
‘By the year 2100 the average temperature
at the Earth’s surface will rise by 2.5 °C.’
Suggest two reasons why the scientist changes the prediction.
1
2
[2]
(b) The scientist plans an investigation to monitor air temperature during a period of one year.
(i) The scientist uses a thermometer to measure air temperature.
Look at the diagram showing part of the thermometer.
°C
24
23
22
What is the temperature reading on the thermometer?
°C [1]
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(ii) Tick () which plan gives the most appropriate evidence for the investigation.
Measure the air temperature every day for one year.
Measure the air temperature once a month for one year.
Measure the air temperature once a week for one year.
Measure the air temperature twice a day for one year.
[1]
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16
13 Pierre investigates how a lack of magnesium affects plants.
(a) The diagram shows the equipment he uses.
plant
cotton wool
lid
beaker
control solution
test solution
control solution contains all
the dissolved minerals a plant needs
test solution contains all
the dissolved minerals a plant needs
but not magnesium
Pierre measures the chlorophyll content in the leaves of both plants every day.
(i) Pierre uses pure water to make the control solution and the test solution.
Explain why Pierre uses pure water and not water from a tap.
[1]
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(ii) Look at a graph of his results.
25
20
chlorophyll
content of
leaves
in micrograms
key
control solution
test solution
15
10
5
0
0
1
2
3
4
6
5
7
8
9
time
in days
Write down two conclusions about how magnesium affects the chlorophyll content of
leaves.
1
2
[2]
(b) Three solutions contain different percentages of minerals.
solution A
solution B
solution C
nitrates
2.0%
nitrates
6.0%
nitrates
4.0%
magnesium
1.0%
magnesium
0.2%
magnesium
1.2%
Which solution increases photosynthesis the most?
Explain why.
[1]
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18
14 Angelique makes an electrical circuit with a buzzer and a lamp.
(a) Draw the standard electrical symbol for a buzzer.
[1]
(b) She uses an electrical component to control the brightness of the lamp.
Draw the standard electrical symbol for this component.
[1]
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15 Polar bears live in the Arctic.
Their main habitat is sea ice.
Polar bears use the sea ice when they are hunting for food.
This sea ice is melting.
Suggest how sea ice melting affects the polar bear population.
Give two reasons for your answer.
polar bear population
reason 1
reason 2
[3]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment
International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced annually and is available to download at
https://lowersecondary.cambridgeinternational.org/
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2024
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21
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calcium
40
38
Sr
strontium
88
56
Ba
barium
137
88
potassium
39
37
Rb
rubidium
85
55
Cs
caesium
133
87
actinoids
lanthanoids
–
Ca
K
–
actinoids
20
19
Ra
24
23
radium
89–103
magnesium
sodium
Fr
57–71
Mg
Na
francium
89
12
11
22
cerium
140
90
Th
thorium
232
lanthanum
139
89
Ac
actinium
–
231
protactinium
Pa
91
141
praseodymium
Pr
59
58
Ce
57
–
–
dubnium
Db
105
181
tantalum
Ta
73
93
niobium
Nb
41
51
vanadium
V
23
Cr
24
238
uranium
U
92
144
neodymium
Nd
60
–
seaborgium
Sg
106
184
tungsten
W
74
96
molybdenum
Mo
42
52
chromium
relative atomic mass
rutherfordium
Rf
104
178
hafnium
Hf
72
91
zirconium
Zr
40
48
titanium
Ti
La
lanthanoids
yttrium
Y
39
45
scandium
Sc
9
7
name
atomic symbol
Be
beryllium
Li
lithium
atomic number
4
3
Key
2
1
–
neptunium
Np
93
–
promethium
Pm
61
–
bohrium
Bh
107
186
rhenium
Re
75
–
technetium
Tc
43
55
manganese
Mn
25
–
plutonium
Pu
94
150
samarium
Sm
62
–
hassium
Hs
108
190
osmium
Os
76
101
ruthenium
Ru
44
56
iron
Fe
26
27
28
29
30
–
americium
Am
95
152
europium
Eu
63
–
meitnerium
Mt
109
192
–
curium
Cm
96
157
gadolinium
Gd
64
–
darmstadtium
Ds
110
195
platinum
Pt
Ir
iridium
78
106
palladium
Pd
46
59
nickel
Ni
77
103
rhodium
Rh
45
59
cobalt
Co
–
berkelium
Bk
97
159
terbium
Tb
65
–
roentgenium
Rg
111
197
gold
Au
79
108
silver
Ag
47
64
copper
Cu
–
californium
Cf
98
163
dysprosium
Dy
66
–
copernicium
Cn
112
201
mercury
Hg
80
112
cadmium
Cd
48
65
zinc
Zn
B
C
–
einsteinium
Es
99
165
holmium
Ho
67
–
nihonium
Nh
113
204
thallium
Tl
81
115
–
fermium
Fm
100
167
erbium
Er
68
–
flerovium
Fl
114
207
lead
Pb
82
119
tin
Sn
In
indium
50
73
germanium
Ge
32
28
silicon
Si
14
12
carbon
49
70
gallium
Ga
31
27
aluminium
Al
13
11
boron
6
–
mendelevium
Md
101
169
thulium
Tm
69
–
moscovium
Mc
115
209
bismuth
Bi
83
122
antimony
Sb
51
75
arsenic
As
33
31
phosphorus
P
15
14
nitrogen
N
7
–
nobelium
No
102
173
ytterbium
Yb
70
–
livermorium
Lv
116
–
polonium
Po
84
128
tellurium
Te
52
79
selenium
Se
34
32
sulfur
S
16
16
oxygen
O
8
–
lawrencium
Lr
103
175
lutetium
Lu
71
–
tennessine
Ts
117
–
astatine
At
85
127
iodine
I
53
80
bromine
Br
35
35.5
chlorine
Cl
17
19
fluorine
F
9
–
oganesson
Og
118
–
radon
Rn
86
131
xenon
Xe
54
84
krypton
Kr
36
40
argon
Ar
18
20
neon
Ne
10
4
5
helium
8
1
7
hydrogen
6
2
5
He
4
H
3
1
Group
The Periodic Table of Elements
20