Lesson 3 – Partnership Operation C. Partnership Operations a. Factors to Consider in Arriving at a Plan for Dividing Profits or Losses b. Rules for Division of Profits and Losses c. Correction of Prior Period Error d. Distribution of Profits or Losses Based on Partners’ Agreement Partnership Operations Accounting for Partnership transactions The accounting process of partnership operation is basically the similar to other businesses engaged to generate profits - sole proprietorship and corporations - from journalization up to closing the nominal accounts and determining the net income. The difference is that the net income or loss as determined is distributed to the partners in accordance with the profit and loss agreement. The Financial Statement are prepared similar to that of a sole proprietorship. The Statement of Changes in Partner’ Equity shows the details of changes in the partners’ capital and drawing accounts, including the distribution of partnership profits or losses. Profit or loss Distribution Partnership net income – represents the amount available for distribution to the partners before the distribution of partners salaries, interest on capital and bonuses. Profit and loss ratio – the ratio in which partnership profits and losses are divided. The partnership profit or loss may be distributed using the following rules: according to agreement of the partners. If an agreement does not exist, according to capital contributions (original capital, if cannot be determined then based on beginning capital of the year). Industrial partners should be given a share in the profit what is just and equitable under the circumstances. If only an agreement as to profits exists, losses are distributed according to the profit distribution agreement. However, industrial partners do not share in the losses of the partnership. PROFIT OR LOSS MAY BE DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING: 1. Equally 2. Arbitrary ratio 3. Capital Contribution a. Ending capital balance b. Beginning capital balance c. Average capital balance 1. Simple average method 2. Weighted average or peso months method 4. By allowing salaries, interest on capital and/or bonus to the partners and the remainder to be divided using an arbitrary ratio. The following points regarding the distribution of partnership profits and losses are important: 1. Payment of salaries should be treated as part of profit distribution. 2. Interest on capitals is treated as part of the distribution of profit. 3. If there is a bonus agreement, determine the basis of the bonus which may be on net income before deducting bonus or net income after deducting bonus. 4. Bonus is not applicable if the base is negative. 4. Salaries and interest on capital are allowed regardless of whether there is profit or loss. 1. If there is an industrial partner: a. If there is a profit he gets the first according to the profit sharing agreement, before the capitalist partners divide the balance in accordance with the profit or loss agreement. If there is no specified profit sharing for an industrial partner, he will receive “just and equitable” or equal to the share of the a capitalist partner having the smallest share. b. If there is a loss , he will share in according to their loss sharing agreement, if any. If there is no agreement with regards to industrial partner sharing in the loss, he is exempted from sharing in the partnership loss 6. If there is a capitalist-industrial partner: a. If there is a profit he gets the first according to the profit sharing agreement, and another share as a capitalist partner in accordance with the profit or loss agreement. . b. If there is a loss , If there is no agreement with regards to industrial partner sharing in the loss, as a capitalist, loss sharing is in accordance with the profit or loss agreement. 7. Average capital means weighted average or peso months method unless another interpretation of average capital is specified in the agreement. The weighted average capital method is the best alternative compared to other capital balances because it provides the most equitable basis for allocating partnership income by considering additional investments and permanent withdrawals. STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN PARTNERS’ EQUITY shows the changes/composition of partners’ capital accounts. It presents in summarized form the following information. a) Beginning balances b) Additional investments during the period c) Capital withdrawal d) Share in net income or net loss e) Personal drawing Illustrative Problem: (Distribution of Profit or Loss) The capital accounts of Castro and Diaz show the following facts for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Castro Diaz Jan. 1 Balance P 260,000 Jan. 1 Balance P 165,000 Mar. 30 Investment 30,000 May 18 Investment 50000 May 10 Investment 70,000 Aug. 24 Withdrawal 20000 July 25 Withdrawal 40,000 Dec. 31 Balance 195,000 Dec. 31 Balance 320,000 The Income Summary account shows a credit balance of P 240,000 on December 31, 2023. REQUIRED: A. Prepare a schedule of profit distribution and journal entries to close the Income Summary account under the following independent agreements on the division of profits and losses: 1. Equally 2. 2:1 ratio 3. Capital Balances a) Beginning capital balances b) Ending capital balances c) Average capital balances 1. simple average 2. peso months method (weighted average) Investments and withdrawals are to be considered as made at the beginning of the month if made before the middle of the month, and are to be considered as made at the beginning of the following month if made after the middle of the month. 4. Interest of 24% on average capitals, salaries to Castro and Diaz of P 72,000 and P 48,000, respectively and any balance equally. (Investments and withdrawals are to be considered as in 3.c.2. 5. Allowance to Castro of a bonus of 20% of the net profit before bonus, interest of 10% to be allowed on beginning capitals and any balance in the ratio of 3:2 to Castro and Diaz, respectively. 6. Allowance to Castro of a bonus of 20% of net profit after bonus, interest of 10% to be allowed on ending capital balances, Annual Salaries to Castro and Diaz of P 80,000 and P 75,000, respectively and balance divided in equally. 7. Salaries of P 8,000 and P 6,000 a month to Castro and Diaz, respectively, 10% interest on ending Capital balances, 25% bonus to Castro on net profit after deducting salaries, interest and bonus, any Balance divided equally. 8. Salaries of P 11,000 and P 10,000 a month to Castro and Diaz, respectively, 10% interest on ending capital balances, 25% bonus to Castro on net profit after deducting salaries, interest and bonus, any balance divided equally. 9. Salaries of P 12,000 and P 10,000 a month to Castro and Diaz, respectively, provided annual earnings are sufficient to cover salary allowance; if earnings are insufficient, the profit shall be distributed in the salary ratio; if operations result in a loss, it shall be distributed equally. B. Assuming the Income Summary account shows a debit balance of P 75,000, prepare journal entries and schedule of profit and loss distribution under req. A – 2 and 7. C. Prepare a Statement of Changes in Partners’ Equity for req. A. 7. Solution: A.1 – Equally Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distributed equally Debit Credit 240,000 120,000 120,000 Schedule of profit distribution - equally: Equally : P 240,000 / 2 = P 120,000 2. Arbitrary ratio : 2:1 ratio Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distributed 2:1 ratio Debit Credit 240,000 160,000 80,000 Schedule of profit distribution based on 2:1 ratio: Castro = 2/3 x P 240,000 = P 160,000 Diaz = 1/3 x P 240,000 = P 80,000 3. Capital balances: a) Beginning Capital Balances: Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distributed based on beginning capital balances. Debit Credit 240,000 146,824 93,176 Schedule of profit distribution based on beginning Capital balances: Castro = 260,000 = 260/425 x 240,000 = Diaz = 165,000 = 165/425 x 240,000= 425,000 146,824 93,176 240,000 b) Ending Capital balances Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distributed based on ending capital balances Schedule of profit distribution based on ending capital balances: Castro = 320,000 = 320/515 x 240,000 = Diaz = 195,000 = 195/515 x 240,000 = 515,000 PR Debit Credit 240,000 149,126 90,874 149,126 90,874 240,000 c. Average Capital 1. Simple Average: Date Particulars 2023 Dec. 31 Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distributed based on simple average capital balances PR Debit 240,000 148,085 91,915 Schedule of Profit distribution based on Simple average capital balances: Castro Diaz Balance, January 1 260,000 165,000 December 31 320,000 195,000 Total 580,000 360,000 Simple average capital (Total/2) Computation: Castro= 290,000/470,000 x 240,000 Diaz = 180,000/470,000 x 240,000 Profit distributed Credit 290,000 Total 180,000 470,000 91,915 91,915 140,085 91,915 240,000 148,085 148,085 2. Weighted Average or Peso Months Method Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distributed based on simple average capital balances Debit Credit 240,000 148,085 91,915 Schedule of Profit distribution: Castro = 312,500 = 312,500/500,000 x 240,000 Diaz = 187,500 = 187,500/500,000 x 240,000 500,000 = = 150,000 90,000 240,000 To compute for weighted average capital balances: Date 1/1 4/1 5/1 8/1 Castro, Capital: Capital Balance Fraction of Year Unchanged 260,000 3/12 290,000 1/12 360,000 3/12 320,000 5/12 Average capital Average Capital 65,000 24,167 90,000 133,333 312,500 Date 1/1 6/1 9/1 Diaz, Capital : Fraction of Year Unchanged 165,000 5/12 215,000 3/12 195,000 4/12 Average capital Capital Balance Average Capital 68,750 53,750 65,000 187,500 4. Interest of 24% on average capitals, salaries to Castro and Diaz of P 72,000 and P 48,000, respectively and any balance equally. (Investments and withdrawals are to be considered as in 3.c.2. Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distribution. Debit Credit 240,000 147,000 93,000 Schedule of Profit distribution: Castro 75,000 72,000 147,000 24% interest on average capital Salaries Net income distribution Diaz 45,000 48,000 93,000 Total 120,000 120,000 240,000 5. Allowance to Castro of a bonus of 20% of the net profit before bonus, interest of 10% to be allowed on beginning capitals and any balance in the ratio of 3:2 to Castro and Diaz, respectively. Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distribution. Debit Credit 240,000 163,700 76,300 Schedule of profit distribution 20% bonus to Castro 10% interest on beginning capital Balance 3:2 Castro 48,000 26,000 89,700 163,700 Diaz 16,500 59,800 76,300 Total 48,000 42,500 149,500 240,000 To compute bonus = 240,000 x 20% = 48,000 6. Allowance to Castro of a bonus of 20% of net profit after bonus, interest of 10% to be allowed on ending capital balances, Annual Salaries to Castro and Diaz of P 80,000 and P 75,000, respectively and balance divided in equally. Date Particulars PR Debit Credit 2023 Dec. 31 Income Summay 240,000 Castro, capital 148,750 Diaz, Capital 91,250 Profit distribution. Schedule of Profit distribution: 20% bonus of net profit after bonus 10% interest on ending cap Salaries Balance – equally Castro 40,000 32,000 80,000 ( 3,250) 148,750 To compute bonus: Bonus is 20% of Net income after Bonus: Net income before bonus 120% Less: Bonus 20% Net income after bonus 100% Net income after bonus = 240,000/120% = P 200,000 Bonus = 200,000 x 20% = 40,000 Diaz 19,500 75,000 ( 3,250) 91,250 Total 40,000 51,500 155,000 ( 6,500) 240,000 240,000 40,000 200,000 7. Salaries of P 8,000 and P 6,000 a month to Castro and Diaz, respectively, 10% interest on ending capital balances, 25% bonus to Castro on net profit after deducting salaries, interest and bonus, any balance divided equally. Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Debit Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distribution. Credit 240,000 140,300 99,700 Schedule of profit distribution Castro 96,000 32,000 4,100 8,200 140,300 Salaries 10% interest ending 25% bonus Balance – equally Diaz 72,000 19,500 Total 168,000 51,500 4,100 16,400 240,000 8,200 99,700 To compute bonus: Bonus is 25% of Net income after Salaries, interest and Bonus: Net income before bonus Less: Salaries Interest Net income after salaries and interest but before bonus Less: Bonus Net income after bonus 240,000 168,000 51,500 219,500 20,500 4,100 16,400 125% 25% 100% Net income after salaries and interest but before bonus = 20,500/125% = P 16,400 Bonus = 16,400 x 25% = 4,100 Base is always equal to 100% 8. Salaries of P 11,000 and P 10,000 a month to Castro and Diaz, respectively, 10% interest on ending capital balances, 25% bonus to Castro on net profit after deducting salaries, interest and bonus, any balance divided equally. Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Income Summay Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distribution. Debit Credit 240,000 132,250 107,750 Schedule of Profit distribution: Salaries 10% on ending cap. Balance equally Castro 132,000 32,000 ( 31,750) 132,250 Diaz 120,000 19,500 ( 31,750) 107,750 Total 252,000 51,500 ( 63,500) 240,000 To compute bonus: Bonus is 20% of Net income after Salaries, interest and Bonus: Net income before bonus 240,000 Less: Salaries 252,000 Interest 51,500 303,500 Net income after salaries and interest but before bonus (63,500) Bonus is not applicable because the base is negative. 9. Salaries of P 12,000 and P 10,000 a month to Castro and Diaz, respectively, provided annual earnings are sufficient to cover salary allowance; if earnings are insufficient, the profit shall be distributed in the salary ratio; if operations result in a loss, it shall be distributed equally. Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Income Summay Casto, capital Diaz, Capital Profit distribution. Debit Credit 240,000 130,909 109,091 Schedule of Profit distribution based on salary ratio: Castro 131,908 Castro: 144,000/264,000 x 240,000 Diaz: 120,000/264,000 x 240,000 Diaz Total 130,909 109,091 240,000 109,924 Net income is not sufficient to cover salary allowances: Castro salary = 12,000 x 12 (12 months) Diaz, salary = 10,000 x 10 (12 months) Total Salaries 144,000 120,000 264,000 Net income is not sufficient to cover salary allowances, profit is to be distributed based on salary ratio. B. Assuming the Income Summary account shows a debit balance of P 75,000, prepare journal entries and schedule of profit and loss distribution under req. A - 2 and 7. A.2. Arbitrary ratio : 2:1 ratio Date Particulars 2023 Dec. 31 Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Income Summay Loss distribution PR Debit Credit 50,000 25,000 75,000 Schedule of loss distribution based on 2:1 ratio: Castro = 2/3 x 75,000 = 50,000 Diaz = 1/3 x 75,000 = 25,000 A.7 Salaries of P 8,000 and P 6,000 a month to Castro and Diaz, respectively, 10% interest on ending capital balances, 25% bonus to Castro on net profit after deducting salaries, interest and bonus, any balance divided equally. Date 2023 Dec. 31 Particulars PR Castro, capital Diaz, Capital Income Summay Profit distributed 2:1 ratio Debit 19,250 55,750 240,000 Schedule of profit distribution Salaries 10% interest ending Balance Castro 96,000 32,000 (147,250) ( 19,250) Credit Diaz 72,000 19,500 (147,250) ( 55,750) Total 168,000 51,500 (294,500) (75,000) C. Prepare a Statement of Changes in Partners’ Equity for req. A. 7. Castro and Diaz Statement of Partners’ Equity For the Year December 31, 2023 Capital balances, January 1, 2019 Add: additional investment Total Less: withdrawal Capital balance before net income distribution Net income distributed as follows: Salaries 10% interest ending 25% bonus Balance – equally Net share Capital balances after net income distribution Less: drawing (amounts assumed) Capital balances, December 31, 2019 Castro 260,000 100,000 360,000 40,000 320,000 Diaz 165,000 50,000 215,000 20,000 195,000 Total 425,000 150,000 575,000 60,000 515,000 96,000 32,000 4,100 8,200 140,300 460,300 20,000 440,300 72,000 19,500 168,000 51,500 4,100 16,400 240,000 755,000 40,000 715,000 8,200 99,700 294,700 20,000 274,700 General Professional Partnership Formed for the exercise of profession and usually renders services based on the partners’ acquired profession. Examples are CPAs, medical doctors, dentists, engineers and lawyers. Partnership net income is exempted from income tax. The partners’ distributive shares on the profit of the partnership shall be taxed in their separate and individual capacities as individual taxpayers. To illustrate: Manny and Timmy formed a partnership named MT Partnership with a net income before tax of P 200,000. It was agreed that the partners should share profits and loss equally. a) If the partnership is a general partnership 1) To record the tax liability of the partnership ( taxed like a corporation = 30% of taxable income) Date Particulars PR Debit Credit 2023 Dec. 31 Income tax expense 60,000 Income tax payable 60,000 Income tax payable. 2) to record the distribution of profit Date Particulars 2023 Dec. 31 Income Summary Manny, capital Timmy, capital Profit distribution PR Debit Credit 140,000 70,000 70,000 b) If the partnership is a general professional partnership 1) Exempted from income tax liability 2) to record profit distribution: Date Particulars 2023 Dec. 31 Income Summary Manny, capital Timmy, capital Profit distribution PR Debit Credit 200,000 100,000 100,000 Partnership Working Papers and Financial Statements The principle of preparing the worksheet and financial statements of a partnership is the same as that of the sole proprietorship except that in the partnership there are more than one accounts representing partner’s capital and partner’s drawing. Exercises: Problem A: The capital accounts of Blake and Drake partners on December 31, 2023 are shown below: 1/1 4/1 6/1 9/1 Blake Capital: Debit Credit P 72,000 P15,000 20,000 22,000 Drake Capital: Debit 1/1 2/1 5/1 10/1 Credit P 108,000 P 16,000 35,000 25,000 Required: Determine the share of each partner and prepare journal entry to close Income Summary account if Net income for the year is P 106,000 under the following independent agreement: 1. the profit is divided to Bee and Cee on the basis of 1:2 ratio 2 . the profit is divided on the basis of beginning capital ratio: 3. the P/l ratio is based on ending capital ratio 4. the P/l ratio is based on simple average capital: 5. P/l ratio is based on weighted average capital: 6. Assume Blake gets 25% bonus on income before bonus and the balance equally. 7. Assume Blake gets 25% on net income after bonus and balance divided 1:3 ratio Problem B. The partnership of Dino and Dante are engaged in trading. Dino’s original capital was P 40,000 and Dante was P 600,000. They agree to share profits and losses as follows: Dino Dante Annual salaries P 68,000 P 80,000 As interest on original capital 10% 10% Bonus on net income after salaries, interest but before deducting bonus 25% Remaining profits and losses 30% 70% Prepare the schedule of profit distribution and journal entry to close Income Summary account for the year ended December 31, 2023, assuming: 1. The Income Summary account shows a credit balance of P 280,000. 2. The Income Summary account shows a credit balance of P 125,000. 3. The Income Summary account shows a debit balance of P 120,000. Problem C. Ace, Beni Dani and are partners whose capital accounts with the ABC Partnership as of January 1, 2023 and the subsequent changes therein are as follows: Ace Beni Dani Jan. 1, 2023 Additional Investment Withdrawals P 300,000 200,000 150,000 P 210,000 120,000 100,000 P 90,000 160,000 50,000 Net income for 2023 amounts to P 323,000 and per agreement, this is to be distributed as follows: Salary allowance of P10,000 per month to Ace and P 7,000 per month to Beni, 10% interest on beginning capital balances, 20% bonus to Ace on net income before interest but after salaries and bonus, remainder to be divided in the ratio of 2:2:1 between Ace. Beni and Dan, respectively. The temporary withdrawals of Ace, Beni and Dani were P 75,000, P 50,000 and P 35,000, respectively. REQ: Prepare the statement of Partners’ Capital. Unit I – Partnership Operation Lesson C – Partnership Operation Activity 2 – Multiple Choice Problems. Answers must be supported with computation. 1. C, D and E share in the partnership’s profit and losses in the ratio of 3:4:5. During the year, the partnership’s distributive income is P 1,500,000. What is the amount of E’s share from the partnership’s income? a) P 750,000 b) P 625,000 c) P 500,000 d) P 125,000 2. A and B share in the partnership’s profit in the ratio of 2:1, respectively. A received P 245,000 as his share. How much di B receive as his share? a) P 367,000 b) P 245,000 c) P 122,500 d) P 122,000 3 After closing the nominal accounts on December 31, 2023, the Income Summary account shows a debit balance of P200,000. If partners D, E and F have income ratios of 50%, 30% and 20%, respectively, how much is the share of F from the net income (loss) of the partnership? a) 60,000 b) P 40,000 c) P (40,000) d) (P 100,000) for 4 – 5: X, Y and Z, a partnership formed on January 1, 2023 had the following initial investment: X P 100,000 Y 150,000 Z 225,000 The partnership agreement states that the profits and losses are to be shared equally by the partners after Consideration is made for the following: Salaries allowed to partners: P 60,000 for X, P 48,000 for Y and P 36,000 for Z. Average partners’ capital balances during the year shall be allowed 10%. Additional information: On June 30, 2020, X invested an additional P 60,000. ZZ withdrew P 70,000 from the partnership on September 30, 2020 Share on the remaining partnership profit was P 5,000 for each partner. 4. Interest on average capital balances of the partners totaled: a) P 53,750 b) P 48,750 c) P 60,625 d) P 57,625 5. Partnership net profit at December 31, 2023 before salaries, interests and partners’ share on the remainder was: a) P 207,750 b) P 199,750 c) P 211,625 d) P 222,750 6. Total assets before partnership formation are P 800,000 and MM’s assets are P 450,000. Total liabilities before partnership formation are P 400,000 and NN’s liabilities are P 175,000. They decided to become partners on January 1, 2023. They agreed on the following adjustments: NN’s assets are understated by P 15,000 and there is a note payable that he wants to settle outside of the partnership agreement which is still included in his books amounting to P 13,000. On the other hand, MM has and accounts receivable with an overvalued allowance for bad debts for P 12,000.During the year NN withdrew P 17,000 on March 21 and made investment of P 35,000 on August 8, while MM made an investment of P 55,000 on April 8 and made another investment of P 12,500 on November 14. For the year, the partnership had a credit balance in the income summary account of P 450,000. They also agreed that the net income or loss should be distributed as follows: 8% interest on the beginning capital and the remainder will be shared in the ratio 2:3 for MM and NN respectively. The net income is earned or net loss is incurred evenly during the year. How much is the ending capital of MM on December 31, 2023: a) P 504,760 b) P 489,380 c) P 486,120 d) P 463,460 7. On January 2, 2023, BB and EE formed a partnership. BB contributed capital of P 175,000 and EE, P 25,000. They agreed to share profits and losses 80% and 20%, respectively. EE is the general manager and works in the partnership full time and is given a salary of P 5,000 a month; an interest of 5% of the beginning capital (of both partners) and a bonus of 15% of net income before the salary, interest and bonus. The profit and loss statement of the partnership for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows: Net Sales Cost of good sold Gross Profit Expenses ( including salary, interest and bonus) Net income The amount of bonus to EE amounted to: a) P 13,304 b) P 16,456 P 875,000 700,000 P 175,000 143,000 P 32,000 c) P 18,000 d) P 20,700 8. Helen and Fenny are partners operating grocery store. Their partnership agreement requires that profits and losses be divided as follows: Helen Fenny Salaries P 20,000 None Commission on gross sales None 2% Interest on average capital balances 8% 8% Bonus 20% of net income before None commission and interest but after salaries and bonus Remainder 60% 40% Gross Sales for 2023 were P 1,250,000. Income before deducting amounts for salary, commission, interest and bonus were P200,000. Average capital balances of Helen and Fenny are P 400,000 and P420,000 respectively. What are the profit share of Helen and Fenny respectively? a) P 117,640 and P 82,360 b) P 35,460 and P 23,760 c) P 110,640 and P 89,360 d) P 117,460 and P 82,540 9. Dan, Jerry and Fred form a partnership and agree to maintain average investments of P 2,500,000, P1,250,000 and P 1,250,000, respectively. The partners agree to divide profits and losses as follows: Interest of 6% on the excess or deficiency in the capital investments Remainder to shared in the ratio of 5:3:2 to Dan, Jerry and Fred, respectively. Average investments made during the first six months were as follows: Dan, P 3,000,000; Jerry, P1,375,000; Fred, P 1,000,000. A loss from operations of P 62,500 was incurred for the first six months. How is this loss distributed among the partners? Dan a) P 21,875 b) 12,500 Jerry P 18,375 10,000 Fred P 22,250 48,500 c) d) Dan P 31,250 18,375 Jerry P 18,750 21,875 Fred P 12,500 22,250 10. On December 31, 2023, the total partnership capital for GDK partnership is P 422,000. Selected information related to the pre-closing capital balance is as follows: Gee P 140,000 Balance, January 1 Investment, 2023 Withdrawals, 2023 Drawings, 2023 P (30,000) (10,000) 100,000 How much is the partnership net income during the year? a) P 72,000 b) P 102,000 Dee P 100,000 20,000 (10,000) P 110,000 c) P 42,000 Kay P 160,000 20,000 (30,000) (10,000) P 140,000 Total P 400,000 40,000 (60,000) (30,000) P 350,000 d) P 22,000