NATIONAL SECURITY
CONCEPTS AND CONCERNS
NATIONAL SECURITY
According to McNamara (1968), security includes the promotion of economic,
political, and social development in “poor nations” as:
a. A means of preventing conflicts
b. Preserving a minimal measure of “global order” and stability.
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NATIONAL SECURITY
Based on the 1992 UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) Human
Development Report, the new approaches to security emphasize the critical
interrelationship among the most daunting threats to human survival. Security of all
people everywhere – in their homes, in their jobs, in the streets, in their communities,
and in the environment.
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THREATS TO HUMAN
SECURITY ACCORDING
TO UNDP
1. Economic Security
2. Food Security
3. Health Security
4. Environmental Security
5. Personal Security
6. Community Security
7. Political Security
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NATIONAL SECURITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
The Commonwealth Act No. 1
(National Defense Act of 1935)
is the original policy basis of
the national security program
of the Republic of the
Philippines.
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NATIONAL SECURITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
The 1987 Philippine
Constitution mandates civilian
control of the military and
establishes the President as
the commander-in-chief of the
Armed Forces.
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NATIONAL SECURITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
The President also heads the
National Security Council
(NSC), ostensibly the policymaking and advisory body for
matters connected with
national defense.
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NATIONAL SECURITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
Former president, Corazon
Aquino reestablished the
council in 1986 through an
Executive Order No. 115 that
provided the NSC director to
advise the president on
national security matters.
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NATIONAL SECURITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
Members of the council:
• Secretaries of Foreign
• President
Affairs
• Vice President
• Nat’l Defense,
• AFP Chief of Staff
Interior and Local
• NSC Director
Government
• Executive Secretary • Justice, and Labor
and Employment
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NATIONAL SECURITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
The responsibility for national
security was vested in the
Department of National
Defense (DND).
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NATIONAL SECURITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
Principal Functions of DND:
• To defend the state against
internal and external threats
• To maintain law and order
through the Philippine
National Police (PNP)
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NATIONAL SECURITY IN
THE PHILIPPINES
The Secretary of DND is
charged with advising the
president with defense matters
and developing defense
policies.
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INTERNAL THREATS TO
NATIONAL SECURITY
In its internal aspect,
national security relates
to the defense of the
nation’s government
against hostile local
elements seeking its
replacement with their
own government.
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INTERNAL THREATS TO
NATIONAL SECURITY
• Moro Islamic Liberation
Front (MILF) and Abu
Sayyaf Group (ASG)
• Communist Party of the
Philippines/ New People’s
Army/ National
Democratic Front
(CPPA/NPA/NDF)
• Organized Crime
• Grave incidence of poverty
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INTERNAL THREATS TO
NATIONAL SECURITY
• Economic Sabotage
• Graft and Corruption
• Severe Calamities
• Persistent Environment
Degradation
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EXTERNAL THREAT TO
NATIONAL SECURITY
In its external aspects, national
security is concerned with
safeguarding the state against
outside or foreign forces
designed to undermine or
conquer the sovereignty of our
country.
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EXTERNAL THREAT TO
NATIONAL SECURITY
• Multilateral dispute over Spratlys
Islands
• Smuggling and illegal migration
• Lingering effects of the currency
crisis affecting the countries within
ASEAN
• Transnational Organized Crimes
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EXTERNAL THREAT TO
NATIONAL SECURITY
• Serious economic disparity between
rich and poor nations
• Ethnic, religious and cultural conflicts
• Proliferation of weapons of mass
distractions
• Natural disasters and environmental
issues
• Cybernetic Crime
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TYPES OF THREAT
REBELLION OR INSURRECTION
A refusal of obedience or order. It may
be seen as encompassing a range of
behaviors from civil disobedience and
mass nonviolent resistance, to violent
to organized attempts to destroy an
established authority such as the
government.
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TYPES OF THREAT
TERRORISM
It is a systematic use of terror especially
as a means of coercion. It is a violent
act which is intended to create fear,
perpetrated for an ideological goal, and
deliberately target or disregard the
safety of non-combatants (civilians).
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TYPES OF THREAT
MURDER
As defined in most countries, it is the
unlawful killing of another human being
with intent or malice.
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TYPES OF THREAT
KIDNAPPING AND SERIOUS
ILLEGAL DETENTION
It is taking away of transportation of a
person against the person’s will, usually
to hold the person in false
imprisonment, a confinement without
legal authority.
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TYPES OF THREAT
HIJACKING OR HIGH WAY
ROBBERY
It is a crime of taking or attempting to
take something of value by force or by
putting the victim in fear.
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TYPES OF THREAT
CRIMES INVOLVING
DESTRUCTION
It may apply either as a measurable
degree of damage up to and including a
state beyond use and repair, or it may
indicate a state wherein such damage is
occurring and continuing.
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HOW ABOUT YOU?
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