01-05 Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part.
01
Foreign policy is about promoting our national interests, a process which is not always
compatible with ethical considerations.
02
➀ congruous
➁ ruinous
➂ neglectful
➃ competitive
Some historians argue that the British Commonwealth is a marvelous testimony to how
injustice and oppression can be transformed into co-operation and harmony.
➀ exam
➁ accusation
➂ phenomenon
➃ proof
1
03
The surgeon tried to describe the procedure in terms of a layman, but he used so much medical
jargon that I had no idea what he was talking about.
04
05
➀ expert
➁ mentor
➂ non-specialist
➃ misanthrope
With burgeoning market freedom come growing educational and commercial pressures.
➀ developing
➁ confining
③ weakening
➃ declining
The cuts in government funding have had a pernicious effect on local health services.
➀ positive
➁ harmful
➂ developmental
➃ unexpected
06-10 Choose the one that is grammatically incorrect.
06
We all claim to be immune ➀ to advertise, but market research suggests that ➁ well-designed
ad campaigns ➂ do have a strong effect on ➃ most people.
07
The bodies of animals and men are the home of excessively small organisms ➀ called bacteria,
some of ➁ which, through the poisonous substances ➂ which they give out, ➃ causes disease.
08
They may be classified ➀ as art ➁ if they belong to types of product or performance ➂ that
have been socially recognized ➃ with having aesthetic function.
09
When ➀ asking to name heroes, many children ➁ will name several famous sports figures
➂ as the people they ➃ most admire.
10
No matter ➀ however busy you may think you are, you must find time ➁ for reading now,
➂ or you must surrender ➃ yourself to ignorance.
11-15 Choose the appropriate word or phrase for the blank.
11
We like to think of our generation in this Information Age as the smartest and most knowledgeable
_______ has ever lived.
2
➀ whatever
➁ what
➂ that
➃ then
12
A boy who will play an unselfish game for his side, not caring whether his own efforts are
noticed or not, _______ his side wins, learns to do the same in later life.
13
➀ though
➁ unless
➂ in spite that
➃ so long as
There are more than 2,000 kinds of snakes in the world, most of _______ are not harmful
to humans.
14
➀ them
➁ which
➂ that
➃ what
In the financial world where knowledge is power, anyone _______ information in advance is
in a position to profit from it.
15
➀ receives
➁ when receives
➂ who receives
➃ does receive
Amelia Earhart, _______ woman to receive the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross, wrote
best-selling books about her flying experiences.
➀ she was the first
➁ was the first
➂ the first
➃ the first who was the
16-18 Choose the best English translation for the following.
16
일단 규칙을 알면 이 게임은 하기가 쉽다.
➀ Once you learn the basic rules, this game is easy to play.
➁ Unless you learn the basic rules, this game is easy to play.
➂ Learning the basic rules of the game is one, and playing it is another.
➃ Learning the basic rules does not guarantee the successful play of the game.
17
시간은 소중하지만 시간보다 낭비하기 쉬운 것은 없다.
➀ Though time is precious, there is nothing which we are so apt to waste as time.
➁ While time is precious, there is nothing which we are likely to waste as time.
➂ Since time is precious, we should not waste it.
➃ We hardly waste time, no matter how time is precious.
3
18
그 음식은 건강에 좋지 않기 때문에 나는 그녀가 그걸 먹지 않도록 말렸다.
➀ As long as the food is good, I allow her to eat it.
➁ Unless the food is healthful, I encourage her to eat it.
➂ Being harmful, I discouraged her to eat it.
➃ Since the food is not healthful, I discouraged her from eating it.
19-24 Choose the one that is most appropriate for the blank.
19
With cloning technology now _______, scientists, governments, citizens, and ethics committees
will need to consider the urgent question of when, where, and to what extent cloning is ethically
acceptable.
20
➀ outdated
➁ obsolete
➂ available
➃ exceptional
Unfortunately too many adults, parents and teachers _______, are too quick to dismiss young
people as rebels without cause, thereby promoting the generation gap.
21
➀ included
➁ banished
➂ guided
➃ forbidden
We read for pleasure, but then we do not read for only one sort of pleasure, and we _______.
We do not, for example, read Joseph Conrad’s novels for the same reason that we read detective
novels.
➀ have to read literary masterpieces
➁ should have hobbies to pursue our pleasure
➂ get different enjoyments from different kinds of writings
➃ should judge the value of writings in terms of our own literary taste
22
These methods typically rely on appeals to emotion rather than logic, and thus can effectively
manipulate viewers into _______ products that they really don’t need.
23
➀ purchase
➁ to purchase
➂ purchasing
➃ having purchased
As the music reached me, I reflected that I had heard the symphony often before, that I was
probably to hear it often again under different conditions ― and that it always had been, and
_______, the same satisfying music.
➀ could be replaced
➁ have irritated me in any state
➂ would be in the future
➃ would be appropriately eliminated
4
24
Since the 1970s, hundreds of countries have become _______ with international organizations
that support the Sport for All concept.
➀ assembled
➁ affiliated
➂ estimated
➃ established
25-40 Read the following passages and answer the questions.
25
Vendors who sell unpackaged services will be viewed as unconcerned with fulfilling the
customer’s desire. They will be undercut by the economies of more service-oriented competitors.
Avoiding these fates will _______ before planning what to offer. The successful design of offers
will require thinking simultaneously about what it is, and what it does, and even what it enables
to happen.
25
Which of the following is the most appropriate for blank?
➀ end up with a disaster
➁ need to maintain current strategies
➂ require a traditional marketing approach
➃ require a whole new mind-set
26-27
To find out what you love to do demands a great deal of intelligence; ⓐ_______, if
you are afraid of not being able to earn a livelihood, or of not fitting into this rotten society,
then you will never find out. ⓑ_______, if you are not frightened, if you refuse to be pushed
into the groove of tradition by your parents, by your teachers, by the superficial demands of
society, then there is a possibility of discovering what it is you really love to do.
26
Which of the following is the most appropriate for blank ⓐ and ⓑ?
➀ because ― But
➁ however ― Therefore
➂ therefore ― Because
➃ however ― Because
27
Which of the following can be inferred from the above passage?
➀ Don’t talk back to your parents and teachers.
➁ Don’t be afraid of not following the established system of society.
➂ Try to make a successful career for your parents.
➃ Don’t be afraid of fitting into the rotten society.
5
28-29
Civil disobedience is a form of protest peculiar to a democratic society, in which authority
is justified and limited by the consent of the governed and used in the pursuit of policies that
represent the wishes, purposes and aspirations of the population. _______ these conditions are
met, the actions of the Government are legitimate. Civil disobedience is justified and, in fact,
obligatory in terms of the highest principles of citizenship when legitimate processes break down
in a system that is otherwise basically democratic.
28
Which of the following is the most appropriate for the blank?
➀ Insofar as
➁ Therefore
➂ Otherwise
➃ Even though
29
Which of the following can be inferred from the above passage?
➀ The actions of the Government are always legitimate.
➁ No protest should be allowed in an illegitimate system.
➂ Protest against authority cannot be justified in any case.
➃ Citizens may disobey an illegitimate system.
30
Every traditional culture known to anthropology has had a cosmology ― a story of how
the world began and continues, how humans came to exist, and what the gods expect of us.
Cosmology made sense of the ordinary world by defining ⓐ_______ and grounding peoples’
sense of reality, their identity, and their codes of behavior in that grand scheme. Like modern
science, it embedded everydayness in ⓑ_______: Modern science explains by means of countless
molecules; African cosmologies explain by means of countless spirits.
30
Choose a pair of words or phrases that best fit into blank ⓐ and ⓑ.
➀ a larger context ― daily life
➁ its limitation ― daily life
➂ a larger context ― an invisible reality
➃ its restriction ― an invisible reality
6
31-32
Today’s parents and teachers are up against a bigger challenge in shaping the thinking
of their children. Had my father not tolerated dissent and not taught me the value of healthy
_______, I would probably not have been as tolerant of my own children, more so when they
are better educated than I am. To this day, my father, though only a farmer, believes in the
virtue of healthy _______. He believes in changing our minds rather than dismissing our views
simply because we disagree with his stand on many things.
31
Which of the following is the most appropriate for the blanks?
➀ debate
➁ exercise
➂ diet
➃ work
32
Which of the following is NOT true according to the above passage?
➀ My father was a farmer.
➁ My father was not tolerant of our disagreement.
➂ Sometimes I didn’t agree with my father.
➃ My father would not disregard different points of view.
33
One of the strongest barriers to good thinking is fear. Fear may show itself as anger,
envy, selfishness, or hatred, but these are just expressions of our fear. Don’t ⓐ_______ the
power of such emotions. History has shown what devastation fear and hatred among nations
can wreak. Our personal fears can be just as damaging to our inner world, blinding our critical
faculties. When we argue, then, we must be aware of ⓑ_______ as well as what we think.
A good critical thinker may have to scrutinize not only the intellectual character of an argument,
but its emotional temperature as well.
33
Choose a pair of words or phrases which best fit into blank ⓐ and ⓑ.
➀ underrate ― what we do
➁ fear ― other’s response
➂ fear ― our facial expression
➃ underrate ― what we feel
7
34
When we exercise long or hard, it’s common to experience tiredness, muscle pain, and
difficulty breathing. These feelings are caused when the muscles produce high amounts of lactate
and can’t remove it quickly enough. Athletes with many slow-twitch muscle fibers seem to be
able to clear the lactate from their muscles faster as they move. Thus, the average runner might
start to feel discomfort halfway into a race. A trained Olympic athlete, however, _______.
34
Which of the following is the most appropriate for the blank?
➀ needs to develop a lot of slow-twitch muscle fibers
➁ might not feel pain until much later in the competition
➂ never experiences tiredness and muscle pain
➃ would have to store up lots of lactate for his long and hard exercise
35-36
Blue, the color of sky and sea, has long been associated in many cultures with water,
holy or religious objects, and protection against evil. Over the years, darker shades of the color
have also come to ⓐ_______ calm, stability, power. Dark blue, for example, is the color of
the business suit or police uniform; it tells others, “I am in control” or “You can trust me.” Like
pink, blue has a neutral, calming effect on people. Rooms painted blue help people to relax
or sleep. The color also seems to ⓑ_______ hunger. Blue food is rarely seen in nature, and
when it is, such food is usually no longer healthy to consume with the exception of certain
fruits like blueberries. Thus, eating off blue plates may reduce one’s hunger.
35
Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the above passage?
➀ A person may take a rest looking at the blue wall.
➁ The function of the blue color has been misused.
➂ A dark-blue-colored suit may give people an impression of stability.
➃ When a young woman wishes to reduce her appetite, she may use blue plates.
36
Which of the following is the most appropriate for blank ⓐ and ⓑ?
➀ stand for ― inhibit
➁ decrease ― prevent
➂ represent ― increase
➃ decrease ― sharpen
8
37-38
The musicians were playing, the 2,000 guests were dining and the Hindu priest was
preparing the ceremony. Then, the groom’s family broke into the wedding ceremony, complaining
that the dowry of two televisions, two home-theater sets, two refrigerators, two air conditioners,
and one car was too cheap. They wanted $25,000 in rupees, now. As a brawl erupted between
the two families, the bride reached for her cell phone and dialed for the police. As a result,
Nisha Sharma saw her potential bridegroom land in jail, and herself land in the national spotlight
as India’s new overnight sensation. Illegal for many decades in India, dowries are now often
disguised by families as gifts to give the newly weds start in life. More than a media creation,
Sharma and her dowry defiance struck a chord in this nation, whose expanding middle class
is rebelling against a dowry tradition that is being overfed by a new commercialism.
37
Which of the following is NOT true according to the above passage?
➀ The wedding ceremony was not finished peacefully.
➁ Nisha Sharma was not involved in the incident caused by the dowery.
➂ Nisha Sharma became famous in India.
➃ The middle class people in India want to change the dowry tradition in their country.
38
Which of the following is NOT true according to the above passage?
➀ The dowry in India has been illegal.
➁ The case of Nisha Sharma became the center of a media attention.
➂ Money can be given as a dowry in India.
➃ The dowry in India is given by the Hindu priest to the newly-wed couple.
39-40
“Beasts abstract not,” announced John Locke, expressing mankind’s prevailing opinion
throughout recorded history: Bishop Berkeley had, however, a sardonic rejoinder to the effect
that if the fact that brutes abstract not should be the distinguishing property of animals, a great
many of those that pass for men must be reckoned into their numbers. Abstract thought, at
least in its more subtle varieties, is not an invariable accompaniment of every day life for the
average man. Could abstract thought be a matter not of kind but of degree? Could other animals
be capable of abstract thought but more rarely or less deeply than humans?
39
Which of the following best translates the underlined part?
➀ 인간을 위해 죽은 많은 동물들이 거기에 포함되어야 할 것이다.
➁ 다른 인간을 무시하는 많은 사람들은 동물로 간주되어야 할 것이다.
➂ 다른 인간에게 관대하게 대하는 많은 사람들이 거기에 포함되어야 할 것이다.
➃ 인간으로 간주되는 많은 사람들이 동물에 포함되어야 할 것이다.
9
40
Which of the following is NOT true according to the above passage?
➀ John Locke considered the ability of abstract thinking as an attribute peculiar to human
being.
➁ Berkeley had a skeptical view of human ability to think abstractly.
➂ The distinguishing property of average men, according to Berkeley, is the ability to think
abstractly.
➃ Berkeley suggested that animals might be endowed with the ability to think abstractly.
10