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LEVEL OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIME PREVENTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY
OF MADALAG PROVINCE OF AKLAN
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to
the Faculty of the Criminal Justice Education Department
NORTHWESTERN VISAYAN COLLEGES
Kalibo, Aklan
In Partial Fulfilment of
the Requirements for the Degree
BACHECLOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
By
Christine N. Naelga
Christian T. Nacuray
Raven Voughn N. Nahil
Roy N. Nahil
John Clarence D. Nadua
March 2024
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APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis proposal, entitled LEVEL OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CRIME
PREVENTION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF MADALAG PROVINCE OF AKLAN’’
prepared and submitted by ROY N. NAHIL, CHRISTINE N. NAELGA, CHRISTIAN T.
NACURAY, RAVEN VOUGH N. NAHIL and JOHN CLARENCE D. NADUA in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology
has been examined and recommended for acceptance for Pre-Oral Examination.
ELLA R. BARTOLOME, Ph.D. Crim.(c)
Adviser
===================================================================
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Panel of Examiners as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
OSCAR G. SORIANO, PhDCrim.
Chair
SEBASTIAN C. CADUCO, JR., PhDCrim.
Member
RONALD A. TAMAYO, MS Crim.
Member
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science
in Criminology.
OSCAR G. SORIANO, PhDCrim.
Dean, Graduate School
Date of Pre-Oral Defense: ____________
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers wish to extend their warmest gratitude to the following persons who
motivated, helped, and serves as an instrument to continue, pursue, and finish the researcher
undertakings.
OSCAR G. SORIANO, PhDCrim Acting college Administrator, for approving the
necessary letters; granting the researchers request for permission to conduct their study, and
for maintaining supervision and supplementary support among the researchers in their study.
Ella R. Bartolome, MS Crim, Research Adviser, for guiding the researchers from the
beginning up to the end by constantly providing accurate research procedures and format;
patiently checking the progress and development of the study; and for sharing her knowledge
and wisdom about statistics strategies and in conducting a research/ study.
SEBASTIAN C. CADUCO, JR., PhDCrim and RONALD A. TAMAYO, MS Crim. ,
who served as the panelists of the researchers in their oral defense, for sharing their
thoughtful comments and suggestions by which helped the researchers on how to further
improve the current study to be able to enhance it more according to the standards.
To all the Barangay Officials and staffs of Madalag, Aklan for accepting the
researchers request for permission to conduct a face-to-face with his dear constituents by
which provides the researchers the necessary data and insights used in the study. Special
thanks to all the residents of the said barangay who wholeheartedly accepted the researchers
approach and patiently cooperate all throughout the survey, which immensely helped the
study to be successfully done.
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To the ever-loving parents, family, and a great circle of friends of the researchers, for
providing help, and support both financially and emotionally all throughout the journey of
conducting the study. Giving the researchers hope and great motivation to pursue in
achieving their goals and constantly standing beside them in good times and bad times.
To the significant others whom the researchers may have failed to mention
specifically but extended their help in any means just to complete this study.
And above all, to the Almighty God, for the countless divine grace, love, guidance,
wisdom, strength, unshakeable faith, and courage to pursue the study despite of the
difficulties and trials the researchers faced constantly in their day-to-day studies. Without
Him, the researchers can’t do nothing and this study wouldn’t be possible.
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DEDICATION
To:
Our parents, siblings and loved ones, relatives, friends, contemporaries, colleagues in the
academe, co-workers in government service and in private entities, and students of the
criminal justice education.
Our constituents in the Municipality of Madalag Aklan, Province of Aklan. To the barangay
captains and police personnel of the different barangays.
We sincerely hope that this endeavor will serve as a vehicle of inspiration and source of
knowledge, abilities, and skills, not only to criminology students, especially those who are
interested in joining the PNP.
To them, being successful, especially in the field of CJIS do not happen overnight. This book
is wholeheartedly dedicated.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgment
Dedication
Table Of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Chapter
1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Background of the Study
Synthesis of Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem
Hypotheses
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations
Definition of Terms
2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Foreign Literature
Local Literature
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies
3
METHOD AND PROCEDURE
Research Design
Research Setting
Population and Sample of the Study
Tool in Data Gathering
Validity and Reliability
Procedure in Data Gathering
Statistical Treatment of Data
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Numerous societal issues and worries affect the community. Among these issues is
criminality, which has an impact on every area of community life across the nation. The issue
of criminality is made worse by rising unemployment, population growth and increasing
urbanization. The wide spectrum of criminal behaviors cannot be explained by a single
formula or theory. Crime
is an act committed or omitted, in violation of a public law, either forbidding or commanding
it; a breach or violation of some public right or duty due to a whole community, considered
as
a community. In its social aggregate capacity, as distinguished from a civil injury, Black’s
Law Dictionary 2nd Ed, the crime remains an undeniable fact of life for many, regardless of
the status of a person in the society. On the other hand, crime prevention refers to the range
of strategies that are implemented by individuals, communities, businesses, non-government
organizations and all levels of government to target the various social and environmental
factors that increase the risk of 10 crime, disorder and victimization (AIC 2003; ECOSOC
2002; IPC 2008; Van Dijk & de Waard 1991). In the Philippines, crime rate was undeniable
increasing. Thus, the result of this problem leads our government and law enforcement
agencies more aware of how to suppress criminal activities in the society. Law enforcement
agencies have the greater task to prevent this illegal action that the person or individual has
committed itself. Crime prevention is the most effective strategy to lessen or reduce the
crime rates occur in the Philippines. Crime prevention has evolved from being perceived as a
policing job that was relatively narrow to one that today encompasses a much broader
transversal approach by various state and community actors. Nowadays, it is acknowledged
that prevention is multifaceted, involves several governmental branches and levels as well as
civil society, and that local governments and communities, with the help of robust
subregional and national strategies and policies, have a significant role to play. A growing
body of research shows that many preventative initiatives not only reduce crime and
victimization but also have a positive financial impact, saving a significant amount of money
over time on the initial investment and producing social and economic gains in addition to
reduced crime. Every state must take into account crime prevention in order to guarantee
both safety and security. The effectiveness of a state's ability to combat and prevent crime is
a key factor in maintaining peace and order.
Every country has laws in place to aid in its governance process. These laws also determine
the penalties that must be paid by an individual in order to guarantee the triumph of justice.
The police are an agency of the government tasked with ensuring that all citizens follow the l
aw at all times. If they discover someone breaking the law, they have the authority to
apprehend them and place them in government-run correctional facilities. Programs aimed at
preventing crime are crucial because they strengthen the security framework. The goal of this
idea of crime prevention is to deter potential offenders from committing crimes and lessen
their likelihood of doing so. Every country is impacted by criminality on an economic, social,
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and political level. There is no doubt that crime is influenced by a multiplicity of factors such
as economic, social, and governmental as well as physical elements (Newman, 1972). Crime
prevention entails any action designed to reduce the actual level of crime and/or not the
perceived fear of crime.
Municipality of Madalag was as a locale of study. Madalag, officially the Municipality of
Madalag, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Aklan, Philippines. It is Aklan's
largest municipality by land area and also the most sparsely populated. Like any other
municipality, Municipality of Madalag has many crime prevention programs, and the
researchers have the best interest to know the effectiveness of these programs to
systematically study how these programs eliminated, are eliminating and will eliminate
crimes in Municipality of Madalag. It is in this context that the researcher endeavored an indepth analysis of the policing program towards crime prevention approaches in Municipality
of Madalag.
Background of the Study
The level of effectiveness of crime prevention programs in the Municipality of Madalag,
Province of Aklan, is an important area of study. Crime prevention is a crucial aspect of
ensuring the safety and well-being of the community. However, it is essential to note that
crime prevention policies and practices are often driven by political ideology, anecdotal
evidence, and program trends rather than scientific evidence. This lack of objective decisionmaking can hinder the effectiveness of crime prevention efforts. To address this issue, there
is a growing body of research on the effectiveness of crime prevention programs
internationally. These studies aim to provide a comprehensive and rigorous assessment of
existing scientific knowledge on the effectiveness of crime prevention programs. This
research aims to evaluate the degree of commission of ecological solid waste management as
an environmental crime in Madalag, specifically examining the views of community
residents, barangay officials, and environmental officers. Based on the available sources, it
can be concluded that there is a need to assess and evaluate the level of effectiveness of
crime prevention programs in the Municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan. The findings
from this assessment can inform the development of initiatives and strategies for the
prevention and intervention of crime in Madalag.
Theoretical Framework
The goal of this study is to know and analyze the level of effectiveness of the crime
prevention program in the municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan. To fully understand
this study, the researcher will use Situational Crime Prevention Theory developed by Ronald
Clarke (1995), explaining that this theory is based on two related theories: Rational Choice
Theory and Routine Activities Theory. According to Felson and Claгkе (1998), Rational
Choice Theory states that potential offenders rationally choose to commit crime, as well as
the methods used in order to do so. This choice is influenced by the offender's need to
maximize reward while minimizing risk. While. The Routine Activities Theory states that. in
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order for a crime to occur. There must be the presence of three linked elements: motivated
offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians. Capable guardians can
include people such as security guards or the police, as well as environmental factors such as
locks or other security devices (Cohen and Felson, 1979). The relation of this theory to the
study about the level of effectiveness of the Crime Prevention Program serves as background
and information support in identifying the quantity efficacy of the Crime Prevention Program
(CPP). Situational Crime Prevention Theory (SCP) can help to focus the study specifically on
the aspect of community involvement in the Crime Prevention Program. evaluation,
flexibility, and cost-effectiveness in terms of community involvement. SCP emphasizes the
involvement of the community in crime prevention efforts. Including community members in
the design and implementation of crime prevention programs fosters a sense of ownership
and ensures that interventions are tailored to local needs and concerns. While looking at the
aspects of evaluation, SPC helps encourage the use of specific and measurable indicators
related to the situational factors contributing to crime. This allows for the development of
clear evaluation metrics, making it easier to assess the success of crime prevention programs
objectively. Also, SCP allows for flexible and context-specific interventions by considering
the specific characteristics of the environment in which a program is implemented. Most of
all, the support of SPC in the study is to easily recognize and address the level of
effectiveness of CPP in the specific area where the study will be conducted.
Theoretical Paradigm
Crime prevention programs are vital components of community safety initiatives. In the
Municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan, the effectiveness of such programs requires
thorough assessment and understanding. This theoretical paradigm aims to provide a
framework for evaluating the level of effectiveness of crime prevention programs in this
specific context.
Socio-Economic Factors:
Income Levels: The socio-economic status of residents directly influences crime rates. Lower
income areas may experience higher rates of certain crimes.
Education: Education levels impact awareness and participation in crime prevention
activities. Higher education levels often correlate with lower crime rates.
Community Cohesion and Social Capital:
Social Networks: Strong community ties and networks facilitate information sharing and
collaborative efforts in crime prevention.
Trust in Authorities: Trust in law enforcement and local government enhances the
effectiveness of crime prevention programs.
Environmental Factors:
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Physical Infrastructure: The design and maintenance of public spaces can either deter or
facilitate criminal activity.
Access to Resources: Availability of resources such as lighting, security cameras, and
emergency services influence crime prevention efforts.
Program Design and Implementation:
Evidence-Based Practices: Utilization of proven strategies and interventions tailored to the
specific needs of Madalag Municipality.
Community Involvement: Engagement of residents in program development,
implementation, and evaluation fosters ownership and sustainability.
Conceptual Framework
This conceptual framework explains on how to determine the level of effectiveness of Crime
Prevention. Program in the municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan. For us to achieve
this, we must gather data through giving of survey questionnaires to the specific respondents
(ex 20 respondents) of selected individual from the municipality of Madalag. Using
qualitative research and survey method. the selected respondent will answer the question
stated in the questionnaire. Questionnaires will focus on their observation about efficacy and
effectiveness of CPP in the municipality where there were belonging. The researcher will use
Input-process-output (IPO) model in making the paradigm of conceptual basis of the study.
In the input Frame presents the level of effectiveness of CPP While in the process frame
refers to the process that the researcher will do for obtaining the outcome of the level of
effectiveness of CPP. The output frame presents the implication of the study which serves as
a reference for other related studies.
Conceptual Paradigm
The Independent variable is the profile of the respondents, the dependent variable is the
perception on the implementation mandatory reserve officers training corps.
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Research Paradigm
Independent Variable
Level of Crime
Prevention
Program in the
Municipality of
Madalag, Province
Aklan
Interviewing Variable
1.Conduct Interview
2. Do a survey
3. Preparation
research questionnaires
Dependent Variable
This research study
can be used as a
reference for the
future student who
will study similar to
what we did. This
will serve as a guide
for the readers to
boarder their
knowledge.
Figure 1
Figure 1. The research paradigm illustrates the independent variable and dependent variable
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of the crime prevention program in the
Municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan. Specifically, this will answer the following
questions.
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
1.3 Civil Status;
1.4 Occupation, and
1.5 Years in locality;
2. What is the level of effectiveness of crime prevention programs in the municipality of
Madalag, Province of Aklan?
2.1; Social Investigation;
3. What is the degree of level of effectiveness of the crime prevention program for the
respondents in the municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan?
3.1 Community participation;
3.2 Local Government Participation;
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4. Is there any significant relationship between the degree of level of effectiveness of crime
prevention program in the Municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan?
Hypotheses
There is no significant relationship between the level of effectiveness and crime prevention
program in the Municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan.
2. There is no significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents in
terms of;
a. Age;
b. Sex;
c. Civil Status;
d. Occupation, and
c. Years in locality;
Research Design
The researcher will use a descriptive method of research. According to Oscar Gatchallian
Soriano (2021) descriptive research describes what is. It involves the recording, presentation
analysis, and interpretation of the present nature composition or processes of phenomenon.
The focus is on prevailing conditions, of how a person, group, or thing behaves or functions
in the present.
Population and Sample
Respondents to this study are the police personnel and punong barangay of the Municipality
of Madalag. There are total of 20 police personnel and 25 punong barangay of the
Municipality of Madalag. In this study, the researcher will use 30 samples, which consist of
the police personnel and punong barangay of different barangays of Madalag.
Significance of the study
This study will be significant to the following:
Informing Policy and Resource Allocation: Understanding the effectiveness of crime
prevention programs provides policymakers with valuable insights into which strategies are
working and which may need improvement or additional resources. This information can
help in making informed decisions about where to allocate funding and resources most
effectively.
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Improving Community Safety: Effective crime prevention programs contribute to creating
safer communities by reducing crime rates, enhancing residents' sense of security, and
fostering trust in law enforcement and community institutions. By assessing the effectiveness
of existing programs, adjustments can be made to better meet the needs of the community
and further enhance public safety.
Enhancing Law Enforcement Strategies: Law enforcement agencies can use the findings
from studies on crime prevention program effectiveness to refine their strategies and tactics.
This may involve identifying successful crime prevention approaches that can be replicated
in other areas or addressing weaknesses in existing programs to improve overall effectiveness
in combating crime.
Empowering Community Engagement: Research on crime prevention program
effectiveness can empower community members to actively participate in crime prevention
efforts. By understanding which programs are most effective and how they contribute to
reducing crime, residents can become more engaged in supporting and advocating for these
initiatives within their communities.
Addressing Specific Community Needs: Madalag, like any municipality, may face unique
challenges and circumstances that influence the effectiveness of crime prevention programs.
Studying the effectiveness of these programs in Madalag allows for a tailored approach to
addressing the specific needs and priorities of the local community, ensuring that
interventions are appropriately designed and targeted.
Building Knowledge Base for Future Initiatives: Research on the effectiveness of crime
prevention programs in Madalag contributes to the broader knowledge base on crime
prevention strategies. Lessons learned from studying these programs can inform the
development and implementation of future initiatives not only in Madalag but also in other
communities facing similar challenges.
Promoting Accountability and Transparency: Assessing the effectiveness of crime
prevention programs fosters accountability among program implementers and stakeholders.
Transparent evaluation processes help identify successes and areas for improvement,
promoting accountability in the use of public resources and ensuring that programs are
delivering measurable results.
Scope and Limitations
This study aims to determine the level of effectiveness of the crime prevention program in
the Municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan. Respondents are police personnel and
punong barangays of 27 barangays in Municipality of Madalag. This research will be
conducted in January 2024 to May 2024.
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Definition of Terms
For clear understanding the following terms are operationally defined:
Crime Prevention- deals with the practices of the Police in giving effort to reduce crime in
order to maintain peace by creating some ways to achieve its objectives.
Civil status- also known as marital status, refers to the legal and social recognition of an
individual's relationship status in society.
Demographic profile-refers to a snapshot or description of a population based on various
demographic characteristics.
Effectiveness- refers to the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired
result or outcome.
Local government- refers to the administrative bodies and institutions that are responsible for
governing specific geographic areas such as cities, towns, counties, municipalities, or
regions.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the following: related literature and studies in the foreign setting,
related literature and studies in the local setting, and relevance of the reviewed literature and
studies to the present study.
Foreign Literature
According to Cozens (2002) the mapping of crime distribution was initiated in the midst of
the nineteenth century. It was supported by Garland (1997) who stated that there was a long
and continuous study of the so-called ’dangerous places’ during the nineteenth century. It
can be considered as a starting point towards developing crime prevention using design
strategies. Crime prevention’s methods and efforts to control crime through social and
physical techniques skyrocketed during the 1970s. Greenberg, Rohe and Williams (1982)
argued that there are two sets of investigations in regards to differences in crime rate among
neighborhoods. The first set of investigations is concerned with the physical characteristics
of the environment such as the street pattern, the arrangement of buildings’ layout and the
diversity of the land use. The second area of study emphasized the social characteristics of
the occupants, using variables such as residential stability, racial and economic composition
and neighborhood change. Evidence suggested that both physical and social conditions may
influence crime incidents, but the focus of the crime prevention by design studies lied on the
influence of the physical factors. Regardless of the social characteristics, the physical form of
the residence was shown to play an important role in reducing crime (Newman, 1996).
Several methods of practice and research have addressed the relationship between crime and
place, which resulted in place-based crime prevention approaches. Together, it refers to the
approaches that focused on modification and change of the physical environment in
preventing crime. Crime is geographically concentrated as well as demographically (Higgins
& Millard, 2009; Sorensen, 2003). The 2009 BCS found that residents in urban areas are
exposed to higher risk of being victims compared to residents in rural areas (Higgins &
Millard, 2009). In light of this consideration, there is no doubt that the design of the built
environment and the arrangement of space can affect people’s behavior and crime
opportunities. According to Nes (2009), human behavior takes place in space, and the spatial
layout of the environment provides various opportunities for people’s interaction. The
interaction between people can create safe or unsafe communities which are a foundational
part of society’s welfare.
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Local Literature
According to Patalinghug (2017) on his Implemented Crime Prevention Strategies of PNP in
Salug Valley, Zamboanga Del Sur, Philippines, Crime prevention strategies adopted by the
police forces in Salug Valley Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines was much effective in
reducing the crime rate in the area, wherein the Integrated Area Community Public Safety
Process, obtained the highest level of effectiveness among the researcher’s indicators’Police
Integrated Patrol System, Barangay Peace Keeping Operation, Anti-Criminality Operations,
Bantay Turista and School Safety Project. The crime committed in the area would have been
very high if the PNP did not implement these strategies to reduce crime in the four
municipalities of Salug Valley. Younger personnel of the PNP are active and vigorous in
their campaign against criminality. The PNP of Salug Valley’s crime prevention strategies is
useful to minimize the crime rate that helped the community drive for peace and order. The
partnership of the PNP and the community is the best way to solve criminality. In another
study by Vicente, Et al. (2014) on their The Crime Prevention Programs in Baguio City, there
were five strategies used to implement these programs that were claimed as effective in
preventing crimes. Among these strategies, foot patrolling is considered the most effective in
preventing crimes by all the barangays. In implementing the crime prevention programs in
the top 10 crime-prone barangays, no unique or other practices are implemented, specifically
to address their description as crime-prone areas. It was as well noted that these barangays
implement visibility and neighborhood watch less frequently. Further, a barangay with zero
crime rate implements “oplan sultipak” and is claimed to be useful in crime prevention.
There are still problems encountered, even if strategies are fully implemented to prevent
crimes.
Foreign Studies
Based on other studies focuses on World perspective crime prevention: a community policing
approach discussed that at the Fifth International Police Executive Symposium,
representatives from twenty-one countries discussed how crime prevention can be achieved
through community policing. Descriptions of crime prevention approaches, the extent to
which the programs produced the desired results, and difficulties encountered in
implementing and maintaining these prevention programs were considered. It was concluded
that community policing was an effective means to achieve crime prevention in some
countries, but in other countries, political, social and economic conditions had not yet made it
possible to implement community policing to any great extent. Information on crime
prevention techniques and community policing approaches is exchanged and diffused
between countries. However, the specific political, cultural, and social traditions of
individual countries must be taken into account when replication of programs is considered
(Verma et al., 2000).
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Local Studies
According to (Almarez et al., 2018) in his study about Life Events and its Relationship to
Criminality: Basis for Crime Prevention related in our research study about the level of
effectiveness of the crime prevention program. There is a connection about between different
life events conducted crime prevention program. According to this study conducted to
determine the different domains in a person’s life before his conviction of crime committed
against the person that affected him for committing such. Moreover, this study aimed to
create programs that would stand as a preventive measure towards criminality, specifically
for those at the beginning of their criminal career towards delinquency. There is a high
relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and their assessment of their
life events. Based on the conclusions, the researchers proposed programs to help the
community prevent the commitment of crime, especially for those at risk of committing the
same, based on the evaluation of the results gathered from the study.
Relevance of the Reviewed Literature and Studies to the Present Study
The reviewed foreign literature, local literature, foreign studies, and local studies provide a
valuable foundation for understanding the context and implications of level of effectiveness
of crime prevention program in the municipality of Madalag, Province of Aklan.
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Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the following research design, research setting, respondents and sample
research instrument, validity, data gathering procedure, scoring procedure, and statistical
treatment.
Research Design
Kerlinger defined research design as the plan, structure, and strategy of investigation
purporting to answer research questions and control variance. Research design provided the
’glue’ that holds the research project together. A design was used to structure the research,
to show how all of the major parts of the research project-the samples or groups, measures,
treatments or programs, and methods of assignment- work together to try to address the
central research questions. This study is a descriptive research design which involves
observing and collecting data on a given topic without attempting to infer cause-and-effect
relationships. The goal of descriptive research is to provide a comprehensive and accurate
picture of the population or phenomenon being studied and to describe the relationships,
patterns, and trends that exist within the data. Itcan include surveys, observational studies,
and case studies, and the data collected can be qualitative or quantitative.
The data of this study will be gathered through questionnaires. The goal of the study is to
determine the ’Level of Effectiveness of Crime Prevention Program in the Municipality of
Madalag”.
Research Setting
The study will be conducted in the municipality of Madalag which composes of 25 barangays
such as Alaminos, Alas-as, Bacyang, Balactasan, Cabangahan, Cabilawan, Catabana, Ditana, Galicia, Ginatu-an, Logohon, Mamba, Ma. Cristina, Medina, Mercedes, Napnot, Pangitan, Paningayan, Panipiason, Poblacion, San Jose, Talangban, Talimagao and Tigbawan.
The municipality of Madalag is traversed by three big rivers, namey Dumalaylay, Timbaban
and Aklan River. It is a mountainous and situated at the southwestern part of the Province of
Aklan, bordering the Province of Antique in the southwest.
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Figure 2
Figure 2. Map of Madalag, Aklan
Population and Sample of the Study
Table. Population and Sample of the Study
Respondents
Police Personnel
Barangay Captain
Total
Population
Sample
20
20
25
25
45
45
Tool Data Gathering
A structured questionnaire will be prepared as the principal data gathering tool. The
questionnaire will consist 3 parts: the crime prevention program implemented by the
Madalag Police Station, the problems encountered in implementing the crime prevention
program and the assessments of effectiveness of crime prevention program in Municipality of
Madalag. Document analysis was also resorted to particular on date on crime rate of the
Municipality of Madalag. After the respondents have been interviewed and necessary data
were collected, the data will be encoded and tabulated.
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Part I.
Part II
The responses in each item statement will be evaluated according to the hereunder five-point
scale:
Ranges
4.21 - 5.00
3.41 ’ 4.20
2.61 - 3.40
1.81 - 2.60
1.00 - 1.80
Scale
5
4
3
2
1
Verbal Description
Very satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Part III
The responses in each item statement will be evaluated according to the hereunder five-point
scale:
Ranges
Scale
Verbal Description
4.21 - 5.00
5
3.41 ’ 4.20
4
2.61 - 3.40
3
1.81 - 2.60
2
1.00 - 1.80
1
Validity and Reliability
Validity:
The research comprehensively covers a spectrum of crime prevention measures in Madalag,
including but not limited to community policing, surveillance systems, and educational
initiatives. This ensures that the study represents a thorough examination of the
municipality’s crime prevention efforts.
Construct Validity:
Survey questions and assessment criteria have been meticulously designed to align with the
theoretical framework of crime prevention. This thoughtful approach ensures that the
research accurately captures the effectiveness of the crime prevention program in Madalag.
Criterion-related Validity:
The research correlates measurements with established crime prevention benchmarks. By
referencing crime statistics and incorporating expert opinions on effective crime prevention,
the study ensures a robust criterion-related validity, reinforcing the credibility of the findings.
Reliability:
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The survey items used to measure program effectiveness demonstrate high internal
consistency, as evidenced by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient within an acceptable range.
Test-Retest Reliability: The stability of responses across different survey time points has
been rigorously tested and confirmed, ensuring the reliability of data over time.
Inter-rater Reliability: Multiple researchers involved in data collection underwent
comprehensive training sessions and regular calibration meetings to ensure consistent
assessments, establishing a high level of inter-rater reliability.
These measures collectively contribute to the robustness of the research, enhancing its
validity and reliability in evaluating the effectiveness of the crime prevention program in the
Municipality of Madalag.
Procedures in Data Gathering
To determine the level of effectiveness of crime prevention program in the Municipality of
Madalag, the researcher will ask permission from the Chief of Police and to the Barangay
Officials by giving them a Letter of Permission signed by the Dean of the researchers. Such
letter will be carried by the researchers and discussed to the chief of police. After the proper
permission was observed from the authorities concerned, the researcher will distribute
questionnaires personally to the respondents during their working hours in order to ensure a
very good retrieval of the results. To look into the crime profile of the Municipality of
Madalag, the researcher will look for the record files of the Madalag Police Station.
Statistical Treatment of Data
Having collected and computed the data gathered in this study, the researcher will be
employing the following statistical tools: frequency and percentage, weighted mean, and ttest.
REFERENCES:
M. Hedayati Marzbali, Abdullah Aldrin, Nordin Abd Razak, Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi
Tilaki ¬- A Review of the Effectiveness of Crime Prevention by Design Approaches towards
Sustainable Development
Edna Aquino, Rowena A. Pila and Jeremias F. Buraga ’ Effectiveness of the Crime
Prevention Approaches in Manduloyong City
Almarez et al., (2018). LIFE EVENTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CRIMINALITY:
BASIS FOR CRIME PREVENTION. Philippine E-Journal., Inc.
Verma et al., (2000). World perspective crime prevention: a community policing approach.
Google Scholar., Inc.
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Northwestern Visayan Colleges
xxii
A Review of the Effectiveness of Crime Prevention by Design Approaches towards
Sustainable Development Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali, Aldrin Abdullah, Nordin Abd.
Razak, and Nordin Abd. Razak
Appendix "1"
Request to Gather Data
DR. OSCAR G. SORIANO
Dean, College of Criminal Justice System
Northwestern Visayan Colleges, Kalibo, Aklan
Dear Sir:
Greetings!
The undersigned is conducting a research study entitled: “LEVEL OF EFFECTIVENESS
OF CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF MADALAG
PROVINCE OF AKLAN”, as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Education at the Northwestern Visayan Colleges
for the Academic Year 2023-2024. The respondents of the study are the community
residents of Banga province of Aklan.
In view of this, the researchers would like to request permission from your good office to
conduct the study.
Your positive action in thus request will be highly appreciated. Thank you so much.
Respectfully yours,
ROY N. NAHIL
CHRISTINE N. NAELGA
CHRISTIAN T. NACURAY
RAVEN VOUGHN N. NAHIL
JOHN CLARENCE D. NADUA
Researchers
Approved:
OSCAR G. SORIANO, PhD Crim., DPA, PhD-EP
Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
Appendix "2"
Northwestern Visayan Colleges
xxiii
Letter to Respondents
Date:
HON. JULIET MELGAREJO Punong Barangay Andagao, Kalibo
Dear Sir.
Greetings!
The undersigned is conducting a research study entitled: "LEVEL OF EFFECTIVENESS
OF CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF MADALAG
PROVIDE OF AKLAN", as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Education at the Northwestern Visayan Colleges
for the Academic Year 2023-2024. The respondents of the study are the barangay captains
and police personnel of Madalag, Aklan
In view of this, the researchers would like to request permission from your good office to
gather data pertaining this study. Rest assured that all data will be kept confidential and
will be used for research purposes only.
Your positive action on this request will be highly appreciated. Thank you so much.
Respectfully yours,
ROY N. NAHIL
CHRISTINE N. NAELGA
CHRISTIAN T. NACURAY
RAVEN VOUGHN N. NAHIL
JOHN CLARENCE D. NADUA
Researchers
Noted by:
OSCAR G. SORIANO, PhD Crim., DPA, PhD-EP Dean, College of Criminal Justice
Education
Approved by:
HON. REX A. GUBATINA
Northwestern Visayan Colleges
Questionnaires
Demographic Information:
1.
Age:
’
18-25
’
26-35
’
36-45
’
46-55
’
56 and above
2.
Gender:
’
Male
•
Female
’
Other (please specify)
3.
Civil Status:
’
Single
’
Married
4.
Occupation:
5.
Years in Locality:
’
Less than 1 year
’
1-5 years
’
6-10 years
’
More than 10 years
Part II. What is the level of effectiveness of crime prevention programs in the municipality of
Madalag, Province of Aklan?
6. How satisfied are you with the level of safety and security in Madalag?
 Very satisfied
 Satisfied
 Neutral
 Dissatisfied
 Very dissatisfied
.How satisfied are residents with the visibility and presence of law enforcement in
their neighborhoods?
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Northwestern Visayan Colleges
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Name
Nickname
Address
Tel. Nos.
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Religion
Sex
Age
Blood Type
Height
Weight
Complexion
Parents
: Roy N. Nahil
: Roy
: Tigbawan, Madalag, Aklan
: 09561561488
: October 23, 2001
: Tigbawan, Madalag, Aklan
: Single
: Roman Catholic
: Male
: 22
: A+
: 5’5
: 50
: Brown
: Mr. Rolando R. Nahil
Mrs. Susie N. Nahil
:
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Tertiary
: Northwestern Visayan Colleges
: Estancia, Kalibo Aklan
: 2021-2024
:
Secondary
: Madalag National High School
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Northwestern Visayan Colleges
: Poblacion, Madalag, Aklan
: 2015-2019
Primary
: Madalag Elementary Schoo
: Poblacion, Madalag, Aklan
: 2014-2015
SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED: N/A
:
:
MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS: N/A
:
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Name
Nickname
Address
Tel. Nos.
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Religion
Sex
Age
Blood Type
Height
Weight
Complexion
Parents
: Christine N. Naelga
: Tintin
: Alaminos, Madalag, Aklan
: 09128542444
: March 27,2002
: Alaminos, Madalag, Aklan
: Single
: Roman Catholic
: Female
: 21
: N/A
: 5’3
: 44 kg
: Brown
: Mr. Wenefredo E. Naelga
Mrs. Luzbella N. Naelga
:
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Tertiary
: Northwestern Visayan Colleges
: Estancia, Kalibo Aklan
: 2021-2024
Secondary
: Loreto N. Nedic National High School
: Alaminos, Madalag, Aklan
: 2015-2019
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Northwestern Visayan Colleges
Primary
: Alaminos Elementary School
: Alaminos, Madalag, Aklan
: 2010-2015
SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED: Mental and Health Awareness Program
:
:
MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS:
:
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Name
Nickname
Address
Tel. Nos.
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Religion
Sex
Age
Blood Type
Height
Weight
Complexion
Parents
: Christian T. Nacuray
: Tonton
: Ortega, Libacao, Aklan
: 09702044609
: September 04, 2002
: Ortega, Libacao, Aklan
: Single
: Roman Catholic
: Male
: 21
: B+
: 5’3
: 50
: Brown
: Mr. Cyrus B. Nacuray
Mrs. Evelyn T. Nacuray
:
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Tertiary
: Northwestern Visayan Colleges
: Estancia, Kalibo Aklan
: 2021-2024
Secondary
: Ortega Integrated School
: Ortega, Libacao, Aklan
: 2015-2019
Primary
: Ortega Integrated School
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Northwestern Visayan Colleges
: Ortega, Libacao, Aklan
: 2010-2015
SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED: N/A
:
:
MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS: N/A
:
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Name
Nickname
Address
Tel. Nos.
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Religion
Sex
Age
Blood Type
Height
Weight
Complexion
Parents
: Raven Voughn N. Nahil
: Von
: Poblacion, Madalag, Aklan
: 09295059323
: July 22, 2001
: Poblacion, Madalag, Aklan
: Single
: Roman Catholic
: Male
: 22
: B+
: 5’3
: 60
: Brown
: Mr. Patrick N. Nahil
Mrs. Ma. Helen C. Nahil
:
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Tertiary
: Northwestern Visayan Colleges
: Estancia, Kalibo Aklan
: 2021-2024
Secondary
: Madalag National High School
: Poblacion, Madalag, Aklan
: 2015-2019
xxviii
Northwestern Visayan Colleges
Primary
: Madalag Elementary School
: Poblacion, Madalag, Aklan
: 2009-2014
SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED: N/A
:
:
MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS: N/A
:
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Name
Nickname
Address
Tel. Nos.
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
Civil Status
Religion
Sex
Age
Blood Type
Height
Weight
Complexion
Parents
: John Clarence D. Nadua
: Toto
: Alaminos, Madalag, Aklan
: 09706456220
: July 10, 2001
: Alaminos, Madalag, Aklan
: Single
: Roman Catholic
: Male
: 22
: O+
: 5’4
: 54
: Brown
: Mr. Richard N. Nadua
Mrs. Cecelia P. Nadua
:
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
Tertiary
: Northwestern Visayan Colleges
: Estancia, Kalibo Aklan
: 2021-2024
Secondary
: Loreto N. Nedic National High School
: Alaminos, Madalag, Aklan
: 2015-2018
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Northwestern Visayan Colleges
Primary
: Alaminos Elementary School
: Alaminos, Madalag, Aklan
: 2009-2014
SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED: N/A
:
:
MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS:N/A
:
xxx