Chapter 4: Network Layer : Data Plane
Different types of Routing/Switching Architecture
Memory is very slow Bus cannot be used twice (at same time), packets would wait, network
Input port functions:
Physical layer + link layer = network interface card
Router → physical layer + link layer + network layer
IP addresses (ipv4, IPv6), use 8 bit octets, (0 to 255) * 4
Forwarding tables use IP addresses to match range of IP addresses to a corresponding link
interface
Datagram fragmentation: chopping up datagrams (splitting them up) for the link layer
Routers connect to subnets
A subnet is an isolated network (IP addresses are similar where 3 octets out of 4 are the same
in a subnet)
Netmask to subnet to subnet mask
Subnet mask /24 == 24 bits that are similar among ip addresses (which is larger than /25 subnet
mask)
Router are capable of forwarding (connecting) one subnet to another
Slicing at any place