7/17/2017
Ceragon Installation and Commissioning Course
Ceragon Training Services
[Ceragon Certified Rollout Professional]
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
Terms and Conditions
• All training are performed in English, therefore all training materials are in English.
• Ceragon is supporting greener environment, hence we provide our training
materials in softcopy format (PDF only).
• Training can be either performed at Ceragon’s premises, or at Customer premises,
additional cost applies for the latter.
• Certificate is provided upon passing the certification test successfully.
• Recommended maximum number of participant is 8, if higher number of
participants are present, Ceragon reserves the right not to re-do a training upon
bad satisfaction score.
Proprietary and Confidential
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Agenda of this course
1.
What is Installation Course
2.
General Safety Guidelines
3.
Installation Types:
1.
2.
3.
All outdoor installations
All indoor installation
Split Mount installation
Transport and Receiving of goods
4.
1.
2.
Transportation & Storage
Bill of Materials
Installation Documents:
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pre-installation: Technical Site Survey
Site Ready For Installation
Link Budget
IP plan
Audit and Quality Assurance
Acceptance Procedure document
2.
3.
4.
Hoisting antennas
Tower Installation
Alignment of Antennas
7.
Towers, Earthing and Grounding Procedures
8.
Cables, Connectors and Waveguides
9.
Installation of Cables and Waveguides
10. System Configurations:
1.
2.
First Login on Ceragon Network Elements
Link Parameters
11. Configurations:
1.
2.
All indoor
Split Mount
12. FibeAir IP-20N Product Overview
13. IP-20N Shelf Management
Antennas:
6.
1.
Assembly of antennas
14. Commissioning & Acceptance Procedures
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
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7/17/2017
General Safety Guidelines
Ceragon Training Services
Ceragon Installation & Commissioning Course
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
Agenda
• General Rules for Safety
• Personal Protective Gear
• Working at heights guidelines
• Selecting the right equipment
• Rules and considerations for working at heights
• Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site
Proprietary and Confidential
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General Rules for your Safety
BE SURE TO:
•
Know your Job and do it Safely! (Never conduct work, unless trained)
•
Know the hazards and how to protect yourself. If you aren’t sure or have questions, ask your
supervisor!
•
Report all near misses, incidents, injuries and illnesses immediately! Safety is everyone’s job!
•
Always work clear of suspended loads!
•
Keep your mind and eyes on the task at hand!
•
Know the emergency action plan for your jobsite. Know where to go in case of issues.
•
Obey all warning signs and barricades!
•
Inspect all equipment, scaffolds, ladders, lifts, etc. before using. Anything found defective
should be removed from service immediately.
•
Report any unsafe tools, equipment or hazardous conditions to your supervisor.
Proprietary and Confidential
7
General Rules for your Safety
BE SURE TO:
•
Maintain good housekeeping in your work area
•
Exercise proper lifting & hoisting techniques.
•
Operate vehicles safely and obey local driving rules.
•
Do not work in unsafe conditions. Stop work if you feel unsafe!
•
Only authorized personnel shall install/replace Ceragon equipment.
•
Don’t use ladders as scaffolds and never climb so high that it is impossible to hold the top step
for support.
•
Observe other safety rules and regulations!
•
If you see someone doing something unsafe or at risk say something to that employee and your
supervisor!
•
Only lift appropriate weights!
•
Keeping a positive attitude will make things go better and safer!
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Personal Protective Equipment - PPI
BE SURE TO:
• Wear the required personal protective equipment necessary for
the job:
• Wear helmet at all times!
• Wear harness at all times when working at heights!
• Proper shoes!
• Proper weights carrying!
• Always connect harness to lifeline!
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Working at Heights
Working at Heights: work above, below ground level
- there is risk of personal injury through falling
- risk to people below from objects falling.
Working at heights:
• working on a ladder or a flat roof;
• could fall through a fragile surface;
• could fall into an opening / a hole in the ground.
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Working at Heights guidelines
• First, take into account the weather conditions!
• Check the worksite is safe, every time.
• Take steps to stop materials or equipment from falling or sliding.
• Store equipment and accessories safely
• Plan for emergencies and rescue or know the established plan.
• Prevent entrance of unauthorized personnel
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Selecting right equipment
Take account of factors such as:
• Working conditions (e.g.. weather), frequency and duration of the work,
safety risks on site.
• Consult Work at height Access equipment Information Toolkit (WAIT)
• Inspect tools used
• Fall protection to be used when a worker is within 3m of a roof unprotected
edge or open hole
• Fall protection must always be used when: no hand rails, guards or other fall
protection devices
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Rules and considerations
Before working at heights:
• where work at height cannot be avoided / is needed, prevent falls using the right
type of equipment
• minimize the distance and consequences of a fall, by using protection equipment
where the risk cannot be eliminated
You should:
• do as much as possible from the ground, cables, connectors, cutting, fitting.
• ensure you can get safely to and from site
• ensure equipment is suitable, stable and strong enough for the job, maintained
and checked regularly
• Do not overload or overreach when at height
• provide protection from falling objects
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Safety Definitions When Working in a Cell Site
Technician should be aware of these definitions when working on a cell site tower
or any other elevated location:
• A cell site is a location: telecom tower being erected, Optical Fiber Cables are
being laid, antennas and other equipment are being installed on towers for a
cellular network.
• For a cell site, working at heights:
• probability for serious injury or damage from falling persons or objects, includes work
on towers, monopoles, rooftops, scaffolds, ladders etc.
• within two meters of an unprotected edge,
• a person can sustain a fall from a height of two meters or more.
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Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site
Clothing:
• No loose clothes should be worn.
• Proper safety shoes should be worn, use gumboots for sites access, boots for working at heights.
• Ensure that safety equipment(PPE) is worn during working hours.
Heights:
• Only trained personnel should work at heights.
• Always maintain at least 3 points of contact while climbing or working on a ladder, to reduce the risk of falling.
• Use full body safety harness and helmet while working on heights / towers.
• Make sure that hook safety harness and lanyards are properly secured at a safe place before starting the work.
• Take extra precautions when climbing after rain or fog.
• Climb the tower with proper, leather shoes. Do not use sandals.
• A 1st Aid kit should be made available on site
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Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site
<90°
• No loose nuts, bolts & tools on the tower platform after finishing.
• Check that platform railing is secure before holding or standing next to the railing.
• Lifting a load - angle between straps is less than 90°where they are attached to the lifting device.
• Don’t walk or stand under the load.
• Any loose bracing of the tower MUST be fixed immediately.
• Make sure the ladder is long enough.
• Check and ensure tower Earthing.
• Visually check the tower for any insects/birds’ nests etc
• Test the safety harness with whole weight of your body
• No climbing during bad weather
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Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site
• DO NOT carry any tools in your hands. Use backpack and bags
• DO NOT leave equipment on parapets
• Always obtain any permits that may be required
• Ensure that safe distances are maintained away from antennas.
• Any medical condition / implants worn, should be reported to the appropriate manager before engaging in any
work at height.
• EMF sign should be clearly visible and identifiable and may contain the following text:
• Danger! RF Radiation! Do not touch tower ! Access to Authorized Personnel Only.
• Warning! Non-ionizing Radiation! Beyond this point RF fields exist that exceed the rules for human exposure.
Authorized Personnel Only.
• Caution! Non-ionizing Radiation!
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What was discussed
✓ General Rules for Safety
✓ Personal Protective Gear
✓ Working at heights guidelines
✓ Selecting the right equipment
✓ Rules and considerations for working at heights
✓ Safety Procedures When Working at Cell Site
Proprietary and Confidential
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Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
Types of Microwave Installations
Ceragon Training Services
Ceragon Installation and Commissioning Course
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
10
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Agenda
• Ceragon Technology Overview
• Installation Types:
• All outdoor installations
• All indoor installation
• Split Mount installation
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Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon
The #1 Wireless Backhaul Specialist
• Global reach – local presence
Over
750,000
Radios installed in
over 130 countries
Proprietary and Confidential
33%
of sales
with global
Tier 1 operators
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Serving global markets
In all industries
PUBLIC SAFETY
WIRELESS ISP’S
UTILITIES
OFFSHORE, OIL & GAS
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Proprietary and Confidential
Delivering value through vertical integration
Delivered by the #1 wireless backhaul specialist
4th Generation
Modems and RFICs
Multicore
FibeAir IP-20 Platform
2nd
Gen
Proprietary and Confidential
4th
First XPIC
1998
3rd
Gen
5th
Gen
256QAM
Gen
2019
2013
2007
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FibeAir IP-20 Platform
A SINGLE platform serving ALL your wireless backhaul needs
Small Cells Access
Access
FibeAir 2000/
2500SC JET
IP-20E
All-Outdoor
Sub 6GHz
2nd Aggregation 2nd Aggregation
Backbone
1st Aggregation
1st Aggregation
IP-20S
All-Outdoor
IP-20G
Split Mount
IP-20C
Multicore
E-Band
IP-20GX
Extendable
Backbone
IP-20N
Modular
IP-20LH
Long Haul
6 - 42GHz
4 – 11GHz
IP-20 ASSURED
for enhanced security
25
Proprietary and Confidential
Product selection - band
Sub-6GHz
FibeAir
2000/2500
Proprietary and Confidential
Microwave
Hybrid
All-IP
Modular
Hybrid
Multi-core
All-IP
E-Band
FibeAir
IP-20E
FibeAir
IP-20S
FibeAir
IP-20C
FibeAir
IP-20G
FibeAir
IP-20GX
FibeAir
IP-20N
FibeAir
IP-20LH
IP-20LH
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Product selection – technology/configuration
Microwave
FibeAir
IP-20E
FibeAir
IP-20S
All-IP
TDM / Hybrid
All Outdoor
All-Indoor/Split
mount
FibeAir
IP-20C
FibeAir
IP-20G
FibeAir
IP-20GX
Hybrid
All-IP
Modular
Hybrid
Multi-core
All-IP
FibeAir
IP-20N
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All Outdoor Installation
Proprietary and Confidential
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All outdoor Installations
• All outdoor – all is placed outdoor
• The network elements, components and cables are
specifically designed to withstand harsh climatic conditions
All Outdoor
• Ceragon all outdoor products are:
• IP-20C
• IP-20S
• IP-20E
FibeAir
IP-20E
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FibeAir
IP-20S
FibeAir
IP-20C
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Examples of all outdoor installations
• IP-20C
• IP-20E
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All outdoor Direct Mount
• Direct Mount: Network element connected directly to the antenna interface.
A mediation device can be used, depending on the configuration
2x MultiCore 2+0
Single Polarization
Splitter
Single Pol.  Splitter
Dual Pol.  OMT
1+0 or 2+0
Configuration
Dual Splitter
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All outdoor Remote Mount
• Remote Mount: network elements are connected to the antenna with
waveguides. Waveguide ca be rigid or flexible. A mediation device can be
used.
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Special Case: Direct Mount and Remote Mount
Space Diversity
Main Antenna
Space Antenna
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Proprietary and Confidential
Full Outdoor configurations
• Applicable for IP20 C/S/E configurations
• IP-20C is MultiCore Architecture, IP-20S & IP-20E are Single Core
• Full Outdoor means no IDU, only outdoor units.
• Connected to antenna directly (through a mediation device) or remote with Waveguide (for clients that want to re-
use their antennas).
IP20 C
IP20S
IP20E
MultiCore 2+0 Single/Dual Polarization
1+0 Direct/Remote Mount
1+0
2 x MultiCore 2+0 SP/DP
1+1 HSB Direct/Remote Mount
2+0(ACCP, ACAP)
MultiCore 2+2 SP/DP HSB
2+0 Direct/Remote Mount
1+1 HSB
2x2 LoS MIMO
4x4 LoS MIMO
4+0 SP/DP/Space Diversity
1+1 HSB
1+0 Repeater (East-West)
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All Indoor Installation
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Proprietary and Confidential
All Indoor Installations
• All indoor installations: IDU+ODU inside, Antenna is outside
• There is a waveguide connecting the ODU to the antenna.
All-Indoor/Split mount
FibeAir
IP-20G
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir
IP-20GX
FibeAir
IP-20N
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All Indoor (full indoor) Installations
All Indoor configurations:
•
•
•
•
1500 HP Long Haul + FibeAir IDU
3200T + FibeAir IDU
Evolution RFU + FibeAir IDU
Evolution EFU + Metro Series
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Examples
• All indoor Mounted System, 8+0 Metro Series
• All indoor FibeAir 10+0 LH system
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Split Mount Installation
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Split Mount Installations
• Split Mount: IDU inside the shelter, ODU outside.
• ODU directly on the Antenna: Direct Mount
• ODU via Waveguide to the Antenna: Remote Mount
IF Cable
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Split Mount Examples
Split Mount configurations:
• RFU-C or RFU-HP with FibeAir IDU
• Evolution Radio + FibeAir IDU
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Radio Units
Standard Power (Max 24 dBm) in 6-42 GHz, with 3.5 - 56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
QPSK – 256 QAM or 2048 QAM(Premium)
FibeAir RFU-C or RFU-Ce
Very Compact
Power (Max 30 dBm) in 4-13 GHz, with 7-60 Mhz Ch. Bandwidth,
4QAM to 2048 QAM(Select frequencies),
ACM capable, XPIC capable
Evolution XCVR
Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm) in indoor or split mount installations
Frequency range:
• 1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz, 1500HP 1RX: 11GHz, RFU-HP: 6-8GHz
Channel Bandwidth:
• 1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
RFU-HP/SD
• 1500HP 2 RX (6 and 11 GHz wide option): 40 MHz
FibeAir 1500HP -1RX/2RX-SD
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide option): 40 MHz
• RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 3.5-56 MHz
QPSK – 2048 QAM, XPIC, 1+1, 2+2, N+0/1
Diversity: IF combining 1500HP 2RX, BBS SD for all
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Types of Mounts
• Direct Mount: Radio connected to the antenna
• Remote Mount: a waveguide is used between radio to the antenna for the radio signal.
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Commonly used configurations and naming
• 1+0: A single carrier is used for creating the link.
• 2+0: Two carriers used for creating a link (either Single or Dual Polarization)
• N+0: A number of N carrier used for the link
• 1+1: A single carrier link, backed-up by a secondary carrier on the same frequency.
• 2+2: Two carrier link is backed up by another two carriers on same frequencies
• N+1: A number on N carriers are backed up one at a time, by a stand-by carrier on a different
frequency – Path Protection / Frequency Diversity.
• 1+0 East-West/Repeater: from one side to opposing side.
• 1+0 Space Diversity
• 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO links: Multiple Input Multiple Output configurations
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What was discussed
✓ Ceragon Technology Overview
✓ Installation Types:
✓ All outdoor installations
✓ All indoor installation
✓ Split Mount installation
45
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
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7/17/2017
Introduction to Microwave Networks
Ceragon Training Services
Ceragon Installation & Commissioning Course
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
Agenda
• Radio Relay Principles
• Modulation
• ACM & MSE
• SNR & BER
• Transmission Techniques
• XPIC
• SD
• LoS MIMO
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RF Principles
c is the propagation velocity of EM
waves in vacuum (3x108/s)
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Radio Spectrum
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Radio Frequency Spectrum Utilization
ITU
Frequency
band
Band name
Abv
Wavelength
Example uses
Extremely low frequency
Super low frequency
Ultra low frequency
Very low frequency
Low frequency
ELF
SLF
ULF
VLF
LF
1
2
3
4
5
3–30 Hz
30–300 Hz
300–3000 Hz
3–30 kHz
30–300 kHz
100,000 km – 10,000 km
10,000 km – 1000 km
1000 km – 100 km
100 km – 10 km
10 km – 1 km
Submarine comms
Submarine comms
Submarine comms, mines comms
Navigation, time signals, submarine comms, wireless heart rate monitors, geophysics
Navigation, clock time signals, AM longwave broadcasting (Europe and parts of Asia), RFID, amateur radio
Medium frequency
High frequency
MF
HF
6
7
300–3000 kHz
3–30 MHz
1 km – 100 m
100 m – 10 m
Very high frequency
VHF
8
30–300 MHz
10 m – 1 m
Ultra high frequency
UHF
9
300–3000 MHz
1 m – 100 mm
Super high frequency
SHF
10
3–30 GHz
100 mm – 10 mm
Extremely high frequency
EHF
11
30–300 GHz
10 mm – 1 mm
Tremendously high
frequency
THz
THF
12
300–3000 GHz
1 mm – 100 μm
AM (medium-wave) broadcasts, amateur radio, avalanche beacons
Shortwave broadcasts, amateur radio and over-the-horizon aviation communications & radars, RFID,
radar, automatic link establishment (ALE) / near-vertical incidence sky wave (NVIS) radio
communications, marine and mobile radio telephony
FM, television broadcasts and line-of-sight ground-to-aircraft and aircraft-to-aircraft communications, land
mobile and maritime mobile communications, amateur radio, weather radio
Television broadcasts, microwave oven, microwave devices/communications, radio astronomy, mobile
phones, wireless LAN, Bluetooth, ZigBee, GPS and two-way radios such as land
mobile, FRS and GMRS radios, amateur radio
Radio astronomy, microwave devices/communications, wireless LAN, most
modern radars, communications satellites, cable and satellite television broadcasting, DBS, amateur radio
Radio astronomy, high-frequency microwave radio relay, microwave remote sensing, amateur
radio, directed-energy weapon, millimeter wave scanner
Terahertz imaging – replacement for X-rays, ultrafast molecular dynamics, condensed-matter physics, timedomain spectroscopy, terahertz computing/communications, sub-mm remote sensing, amateur radio
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Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Link Waves
Environment
Ionosphere
(80-720 km)
Mesosphere
(50-80 km)
Terrestrial
waves
Stratosphere
(12-50 km)
Refracted wave
Troposphere
(0-12 km)
Direct wave
Line of Sight(LOS)
Reflected wave
Antenna
mounting
height
Earth’s Curvature
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Radio Relay Principles
• A Radio Link requires two end stations
• A line of sight (LOS) or nLOS (near LOS) is required
• Used Microwave Radio Link frequencies: ~380 GHz
f1
RF Signal
f1’
Radio Link = Duplex Channel
Path Terrain
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High and Low frequency stations
Terminology
• A duplex radio channel occupies 2 frequencies: f1, f1’ (FDD)
• Separation wide enough to avoid interference
Tx(f1)=11500 MHz
Rx(f1)=11500 MHz
Local site
Near End
A End
Remote site
Far End
Z End
High station
Low station
Rx(f1’)=11000 MHz
Tx(f1’)=11000 MHz
Radio Link = Full Duplex Channel
High station means: Tx(f1) >Rx(f1’)
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Low station means: Tx(f1’) < Rx(f1)
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Preferred site location structure
• Preferred site arrangements instead of straight line for reducing interference between Low
units in Link n and High units in Link n+1
√
High
Low
×
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RF Components – Parabolic Reflector/Antenna
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Antenna gain & size
Antenna gain
[dBi]
3.7m
3.0m
2.4m
1.8m
50
0.9m
1.2m
0.6m
45
0.3m
40
0.2m
35
30
6L 7 8 10 13 15
5 6U
11
18
23
26 28
24
32
38
42
Frequency
bands
GHz
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Main Parabolic Antenna Types
1. Standard performance antennas (SP,LP)
• Used for remote access links with low capacity. Re-using frequencies on adjacent links is
not normally possible due to poor front to back ratio.
2. High performance antennas (HP)
• Used for high and low capacity links where only one polarization is used. Re-using frequencies is possible. Can not be
used with co-channel systems.
3. High performance dual polarized antennas (HPX)
• Used for high and low capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using frequencies is possible.
Can be used for co-channel systems.
4. Super high performance dual polarized antennas (HSX)
• Normally used on high capacity links with the possibility to utilize both polarizations. Re-using frequencies is possible
with high interference protection. Ideal for co-channel systems.
5. Ultra high performance dual polarized antennas (UHX)
• Normally used on high capacity links with high interference requirements. Re-using frequencies in many directions is
possible. Can be used with co-channel systems.
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Antenna polarizations and classes
Single polarized antenna
Antenna classes
› High Performance, ETSI Class 3
› Super High Performance, ETSI Class 4
V
Vertical pol. Horizontal pol.
V
H
H
Dual polarized antenna
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Passive Repeaters
• When terrain does not permit Line of Sight, some passive repeaters can be used
Repeater
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Back-to-back antennas
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About E-band
• What is E-band?
• Proven and mature technology – in commercial use since the 1980’s
• 10GHz of spectrum: 71-76GHz and 81-86GHz
• Requires Line of Sight
• Advantages of E-band over traditional microwave bands:
• Large spectrum  Gigabit throughputs
• Uncongested, practically greenfield
• Fast and inexpensive license (US – 50$)
• Pencil-beams (beam-width < 1˚):
MW and Sub6 up to 10
E-band: <1
• High spectral reuse and minimum
interference
• Secure (hard to detect
and intercept)
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Proprietary and Confidential
mmWave Characteristics
• Higher free space loss
• Higher antenna gain
8 GHz
38 GHz
71-76 GHz
FSL
110 dB
124 dB
130 dB
8 GHz
38 GHz
71-76 GHz
1ft Antenna Gain
25 dBi
38 dBi
43 dBi
2ft Antenna Gain
31 dBi
44 dBi
50 dBi
8 GHz
38 GHz
71-76 GHz
8°
1.8°
<1°
• Narrower beam antennas
1ft Antenna Beam Width
• Low attenuation due to atmospheric gases
(peak at 60GHz due to oxygen absorption)
Att dB/Km
8 GHz
38 GHz
60GHz
71-76 GHz
~0 dB
~0.1 dB
Up to ~15 dB
~0.5dB
• High attenuation due to rain  Main factor that limits the effective link distance
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Wireless Alternatives
• E-band
• Inexpensive
• Very quick to deploy
• Mature technology
Frequency
Capacity
Disadvantages
Non LOS
Sub-6GHz
<200Mbps
• Congested spectrum
• Unlicensed
Microwave
6-38GHz
200Mbps (standard channel)
400Mbps (wide channel)
X2 (dual polarization)
• Congested spectrum
• Expensive license
60GHz
57-64GHz
1GbE and beyond
• Distance < ½ mile
• Unlicensed
E-band
71-86GHz
1GbE and beyond
• Distance < 3 miles
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Why mmWave with Ceragon
• Operational and commercial benefits
• Light licensing - lower licensing fees while still regulated
• Wide channels – high capacity (1 Gbps)
• Physical characteristics
• High spatial separation and high antenna directivity
• Practically, no interference to the neighbors, hence, no spectrum congestion
• Few km distance with high availability (99.995%)
• Practical conclusions
• Small foot-print
• Instant deployment
• Low cost – CAPEX and OPEX
• High capacity ( > 1 Gbps) links
• Frees lower frequencies
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Modulation
Proprietary and Confidential
Modulation
• Modulation = facilitating a message over a medium with the help of a more easily
modifiable signal;
• The process of modifying parameters of one signal based on another, for data
transmissions.
• Why do modulation ?
• To overcome medium limitations when transmitting information: voice over air, power of signal
over cable, signal fidelity, etc.
• To compact information so that it is transmittable at higher speeds.
• To use smaller antennas for transmitting the signal, less costly.
• Parameters affected in modulation: amplitude, frequency & phase of the signal.
• We have: analog and digital modulations.
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Modulation types
Analog Modulation
Digital Modulation
AM - Amplitude modulation
FM - Frequency modulation
PM – Phase modulation
ASK - Amplitude Shift Keying
FSK - Frequency Shift Keying
PSK – Phase Shift Keying
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
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Proprietary and Confidential
Digital modulation
• ASK - modulation changes the amplitude to the analog signal. ”1” and “ 0” have different
amplitude.
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
Modem
• PSK modulation changes the phase to the transmitted signal. The simplest method uses 0°
and 180°.
0 1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
Modem
1800 phase shift
• FSK modulation is a method of represent the two binary states ”1” and ”0” with different
specific frequencies.
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
F1
F2
F1
F1 F2
0
1
1
F1
F1
0
Modem
Proprietary and Confidential
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QAM Modulation
• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation employs both phase
modulation (PSK) and amplitude modulation (ASK)
• The input stream is divided into groups of bits based on the
number of modulation states used.
• In 8 QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight
values (0-7) alters the phase and amplitude of the carrier to
derive eight unique modulation states
• In 64 QAM, each six bits generates 64 modulation states; in
QAM Type
4QAM
8QAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1024QAM
2048QAM
Bits
2bits/symbol
3bits/symbol
4bits/symbol
5bits/symbol
6bits/symbol
7bits/symbol
8bits/symbol
9bits/symbol
10bits/symbol
11bits/symbol
128 QAM, each seven bits generate 128 states, and so on
Proprietary and Confidential
69
QAM vs ASK / PSK for High modulation?
• QAM achieves a greater distance between adjacent points in the I-Q plane by distributing the
points more evenly
• The points on the constellation are more distinct (at receiver) and data errors are reduced
• Higher modulation => more bits per symbol
• When constellation points are closer => receiver is more susceptible to noise
Proprietary and Confidential
70
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Constellation diagram
• Represents the possible symbols that may be selected by a given modulation scheme as
points in the complex plane.
• Constellation diagrams can be used to recognize the type of interference and distortion in a
signal.
71
Proprietary and Confidential
4QAM vs 16QAM
4QAM
Proprietary and Confidential
16QAM
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7/17/2017
2048 QAM
Proprietary and Confidential
73
ACM & MSE
Proprietary and Confidential
37
7/17/2017
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
• With ACM ON, the radio will select the highest capacity based on Received Signal Quality (MSE)
• When the signal quality is degraded (fading / interference) => radio goes to more robust modulation &
capacity is reduced.
• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and capacity is restored. The
capacity changes are hitless (no errors introduced).
• During reduced capacity, traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS. In congestion, Ethernet traffic
75
2048QAM
1024 QAM LFEC
1024 QAM SFEC
512 QAM
256 QAM
128 QAM
64 QAM
32 QAM
8 QAM
8 QAM
16 QAM
32 QAM
64 QAM
128 QAM
256 QAM
512 QAM
1024 QAM SFEC
Proprietary and Confidential
1024 QAM LFEC
2048QAM
High
Priority
Traffic
QPSK
16 QAM
with lowest priority is dropped.
75
ACM Profiles
• 11 Profiles QPSK to 2048 QAM
• Each profile differs by modulation order and coding rate =>different capacities per profile
• ACM Tx profile can be different than ACM Rx profile
• ACM Tx profile is determined by far-end MSE.
Tx
Rx MSE
Tx Downgrade / Upgrade command
Proprietary and Confidential
76
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7/17/2017
MSE – Mean Square Error
Definition
MSE => used to quantify the
difference between an estimated/
expected value and the actual
value received.
MSE => the average the squared
errors(see errors in distributions)
MSE => an aggregated error by
which the expected value differs from the
quantity to be estimated.
The difference occurs because of
randomness and fading.
Proprietary and Confidential
77
To simplify….
Imagine a production line where a
machine needs to insert one part into
the other, so both pieces must match
perfectly.
Let us assume the dimension has to
be 10mm wide
But in real life, we take a few of parts and
measured them to see how many can fit in….
Proprietary and Confidential
78
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7/17/2017
The Errors Histogram
(Gaussian probability distribution function)
Exp. Value = Rec.Value
9
Quantity
Exp. Value < Rec.Value
Exp.Value > Rec.Value
3
3
2
1
width
6mm
7mm
10mm
12mm
16mm
The accuracy of our machine is given by how many values differ from the expected value.
9 parts were good, rest not so much.
79
Proprietary and Confidential
The difference from Expected value…
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
Error = + 2 mm
Error = - 3 mm
Error = + 6 mm
Error = - 4 mm
width
6mm
7mm
10mm
12mm
16mm
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we
measure how much the errors differ from expected value
Proprietary and Confidential
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Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller
differences
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16
+ 6 mm = 36
width
6mm
7mm
10mm
12mm
16mm
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them
The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences,
resulting in a more powerful statistics tool:
16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away
81
Proprietary and Confidential
Calculating MSE
Quantity
Error = 0 mm
+ 2 mm = 4
-3 mm = 9
- 4 mm = 16
+ 6 mm = 36
width
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average:
Total Error = 16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65,
Average (MSE) = Total Error / # of errors = 65/5 =13
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes
Proprietary and Confidential
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7/17/2017
Calculating MSE
MSE determines how narrow / wide the “Bell” is
Quantity
width
10mm
When MSE is very small – the “Bell” shaped histogram is closer
to perfect condition (straight line): errors = ~ 0
83
Proprietary and Confidential
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Q
01
• Let us use QPSK (4QAM) as an
00
example:
• QPSK = 2 bits per symbol
I
• 2 possible states for I signal
• 2 possible states for Q signal
• = 4 possible states for the combined signal
11
10
• The graph shows the expected values
(constellation) of the received signal (RSL)
Proprietary and Confidential
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7/17/2017
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
• Black dots represent the
Q
01
expected values of the received
signal (RSL)
00
• The blue dots represent the
I
actual RSL
• As in the previous example, the
11
10
bigger the errors are, the harder
it becomes to detect & recover
the transmitted signal (at
receiver)
85
85
Proprietary and Confidential
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Q
01
• MSE would be the average errors of e1 +
e2 + e3 + e4….
00
e1
e2
• When MSE is very small the actual signal is
I
e4
very close to the expected signal
e3
• We calculate MSE based on a large sample
11
Proprietary and Confidential
10
RSL
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MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
• When MSE is too big, the actual signal
Q
01
(amplitude & phase) is too far from the
expected signal
00
e1
e2
I
e4
11
e3
10
87
Proprietary and Confidential
MSE and ACM
When the errors is too big, we need a
stronger error correction mechanism (FEC)
Therefore, we reduce the number of bits per
symbol allocated for data and re-assign the
extra bits for correction instead
For example –
256QAM has great capacity but poor immune
to noise
64QAM has less capacity but much better
immune for noise
ACM – Adaptive Code Modulation
Proprietary and Confidential
88
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ACM & MSE: An Example…
It is easier to observe the hysteresis of changing the ACM profile with respect to measured MSE.
As you can see, the radio remains @ profile 8 untill MSE improves to -38dB:
ACM
Profile
Downgrade
Downgrade
-41
-38
-37
-34
Profile 10
Profile 9
1024 QAM
2048 QAM
-39
Profile 8
1024 QAM
-36
Profile 7
512 QAM
-35
Profile 6
256 QAM
-32
-30
Profile 5
128 QAM
Profile 4
64 QAM
-27
Profile 3
32 QAM
-24
MSE
-21
89
Proprietary and Confidential
ACM & MSE: An Example
When RF signal degrades and MSE passes the upgrade point (MSE @ red point), ACM will switch back FASTER to a
higher profile (closer to an upgrade point) when MSE improves.
When RF signal degrades and MSE does not pass the upgrade point (green point) – ACM waits till MSE improves to
the point of next available upgrade point (takes longer time to switch back to the higher profile).
ACM
Profile
-41
-38
Profile 10
Profile 9
-39
Proprietary and Confidential
Profile 8
-36
-35
MSE
90
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7/17/2017
Why use ACM?
• To maximized spectrum usage
• To increased capacity over a given bandwidth
• To get system gain, ~3 dB for each point change
• Hitless/Errorless modulation changes, based on signal quality
• Adaptive Tx Power on modulation for maximal system gain per working point
• An integrated QoS mechanism for smart congestion management, ensures high priority traffic
is not affected during link fading
Proprietary and Confidential
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SNR & BER
Proprietary and Confidential
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7/17/2017
Signal / Noise ratio
• Example: S/N influence at QPSK Demodulator
• Each dot detected in wrong quadrant result in bit errors
BER≈0
BER=10-6
BER<10-13
BER=10-3
Signal
Noise
Signal
S/N
Power
S/N
Power
Power
Power
Signal
S/N
Noise
Noise
Signal
S/N
Noise
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Proprietary and Confidential
BER Impact on Transmission Quality
10 -3
10 -4
10 -5
BER change ratio vs. Noise is
dependent on Noise Power distribution
and coding
10 -6
10 -7
10 -8
-75
Proprietary and Confidential
-72
-69
Receiver input level [dBm]
-66
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7/17/2017
RSL Vs. Threshold
RSL (dBm)
-20
-30
Nominal Input Level
Fading Margin
BER<10-6
-73
BER>10-6
SNR
Receiver amplifies thermal noise
-96
-99
Sensitivity Threshold level
@ BER=10-6
Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)
K – Boltzmann constant
T – Temperature in Kelvin
B – Bandwidth
Time (s)
Proprietary and Confidential
95
Transmission Techniques
Proprietary and Confidential
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7/17/2017
XPIC (Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation)
Proprietary and Confidential
System Spectrum Utilization
BW
V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
H
ACCP (Adjacent Channel Common Pol.)
BW
V
1
H
3
2
5
4
7
6
9
8
10
ACAP (Adjacent Channel Alternating Pol.)
BW
V
H
Proprietary and Confidential
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CCDP (Co-Channel Dual Polarization)
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CCDP frequency plan
Vertical and Horizontal Polarization are using the same frequency
Vertical Polarization
V
H
CrossPolarization
Interference
(XPI)
V
1
H
2
1
2
Horizontal Polarization
CrossPolarization
Interference
(XPI)
Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD)= The relative level of interference
between polarizations (Co-channel sensitivity of 10dB)
Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation (XPIC)= Technology that cancels
interference between polarizations (XPIF=Improvement Factor of 26dB)
Proprietary and Confidential
99
XPIC Co-channel Systems
•ATPC power mode is always recommended with CCDP systems to reduce the effect of
XPD fading and prevent loosing both channels when one TX fails.
•The XPIC improvement factor is typically 26 dB.
Proprietary and Confidential
100
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7/17/2017
RSL Vs. Threshold
RSL (dBm)
System without CCDP
RSL (dBm)
-20
System with CCDP
-20
-30
-30
Nominal Input Level
Fading Margin
Fading Margin
BER<10-6
-42
Threshold level
because of
interference without
XPIC BER=10-6
BER>10-6
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)
-65
Input Level H
(interference
from V, when H is
Muted)
BER<10-6
-73
Threshold level BER=10-6
BER>10-6
Interference
-73
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)
-96
-99
Thermal Noise=10*log(k*T*B*1000)
Threshold level without interference
BER=10-6
Receiver amplifies thermal -96
noise
-99
K – Boltzmann constant
T – Temperature in Kelvin
B – Bandwidth
Time (s)
Time (s)
101
Proprietary and Confidential
RSL Vs. Threshold for CCDP System
RSL (dBm)
RSL (dBm)
System without XPIC
System with XPIC
BER>10-6
-20
Nominal Input Level H
-30
-20
-30
Fading Margin
BER<10-6
-42
Threshold level
because of
interference without
XPIC BER=10-6
Fading Margin
-42
BER>10-6
BER<10-6
S/N=23dB for 128QAM (37 MHz)
-65
-73
-96
Threshold level without interference
BER=10-6
-99
Proprietary and Confidential
-65
Input Level H
(interference
from V, when H is
Muted)
Interference
Time (s)
Threshold
level because
of interference
and XPIC
function
BER=10-6
-68
-73
-91
XPIC will
improve
interference
for 26dB
BER>10-6
S/N=23dB for
128QAM (37 MHz)
Input Level H
(interference
from V, when
H is Muted)
Interference level
Time (s)
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SD (Space Diversity)
Proprietary and Confidential
Combiner Space Diversity
Counteracting Multipath Propagation Fading
Multipath space diversity arrangement (one direction shown)
Proprietary and Confidential
104
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Combiner Space Diversity
Counteracting Multipath Propagation Fading
3dB lower
BER receiver
threshold
Combining RF spectrums showing reduced notch of the combined spectrum
The improvement factor depends on several factors such as fade margin, path
length and selective fade probability, and can typically range from a factor of 10
to a factor of 1000.
105
Proprietary and Confidential
Space Diversity
Carrier 1
1+0 SD
X
Carrier 2
(Muted)
Carrier 1
Carrier 2
1+0 Space Diversity
V
Master
H
Master
V
H
2+2 SD
Slave
X
Data Sharing
Cable
Slave
Muted
2+2 Space Diversity
Proprietary and Confidential
106
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Spatial Diversity
2+2 HSB = Protected 2+0 SD
Optical
GbE
Port
Modem 1
RF Chain
Modem 2
RF Chain
GbE
Port
Optical
Splitter
Active IP-20C Unit
Optical
GbE
Port
Modem 1
RF Chain
Modem 2
RF Chain
GbE
Port
Standby IP-20C Unit
MultiCore 2+2 Space Diversity
Proprietary and Confidential
107
LOS MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
Proprietary and Confidential
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7/17/2017
MIMO Basics
NLoS MIMO (Left) and LoS MIMO (Right) Compared
LoS MIMO – Transmitting and Receiving on a Single
Frequency Channel
Proprietary and Confidential
109
LoS MIMO – Theory of Operation
Proprietary and Confidential
110
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7/17/2017
LoS MIMO installation
Horizontal
Separation
Vertical
Separation
Must be
consistent
Proprietary and Confidential
111
LoS MIMO 4x4 technology
• LoS 4X4 MIMO - quadrupling capacity using the same channel bandwidth
• 1Gbps radio throughput over a single 28MHz / 30MHz channel
Proprietary and Confidential
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MIMO Benefits
4 x Capacity on the SAME CHANNEL!
• Using the a single channel to quadruple the capacity
• 2 x FibeAir IP-20C units at each site
Site 2
• Simple direct mount installation
V
V
• Supports 28MHz, 40MHz, 56MHz
1Gbps on a single
30/28 MHz channel
H
H
Site 1
Upgrading the Capacity without network re-planning
LoS 4x4 MIMO Quadruples radio
throughput using the same
spectrum, at half the form-factor
113
Proprietary and Confidential
MultiCore Benefits
System Gain
1+0
f1
30/28MHz
MultiCore 2+0 DP
11dB
1024 to 64QAM
+
2dB
Higher TX power
due to QAM change
f1
30/28MHz
226Mbps
2 x 133 = 266Mbps
1024QAM
64 QAM
13dB!
Addition to System Gain
Proprietary and Confidential
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MIMO Benefits
System Gain
4X4 MIMO
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC
3dB
Operating in MIMO
+
11dB
1024 to 64QAM
+
2dB
Higher TX power
due to QAM change
f1
30/28MHz
452Mbps
f1
30/28MHz
28MHz V
4 x 133 = 532Mbps
1024QAM
64 QAM
16dB!
Addition to System Gain
115
Proprietary and Confidential
MIMO Benefits
Spectrum Decongestion
1+0 SISO
3ft
MIMO
6 GHz
Congested spectrum
6GHz
Proprietary and Confidential
2X2 MIMO
11GHz
3ft
3ft
11 GHz
Same link
Parameters
(30Km, 99.999%)
Unclogged spectrum
7dB
The Effect on System Gain:
1+0 SISO
3ft
MIMO
6ft
6ft
2X2 MIMO
+14dB
system gain improvement
-7dB
Link budget loss
Shift from
Congested 6GHz
to
Unclogged 11GHz
X2 Smaller
antennas and even
gain ~7dB
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MIMO Benefits
Lowest Cost of Ownership
Ceragon provides Higher System Gain using MIMO
• MIMO allows either to double capacity over the same channel bandwidth
or to improve system gain  Longer links
• Typical solution results in 20-25% cost reduction
Test Case:
18GHz System gain and Capacity improvement using MIMO :
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC
28MHz
1024QAM
452 Mbps
9.3 Km
4x4 MIMO
28MHz
64QAM
532 Mbps (432Mbps)
14.7 Km (16.2km)
(32QAM)
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Proprietary and Confidential
MIMO Benefits
Lowest Cost of Ownership
Ceragon provides Higher System Gain using MIMO
• MIMO allows either to double capacity over the same channel bandwidth
or to improve system gain  Longer links
• Typical solution results in 20-25% cost reduction
Test Case:
15GHz System gain and Capacity improvement using MIMO :
MultiCore 2+0 XPIC
28MHz
1024QAM
4x4 MIMO
28MHz
64QAM
(32QAM)
Proprietary and Confidential
452 Mbps
10 Km
532 Mbps (432Mbps)
17 Km (19km)
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WHAT WAS DISCUSSED
✓Radio Relay Principles
✓Modulation
✓ACM & MSE
✓SNR & BER
✓Transmission Techniques
✓XPIC
✓SD
✓LoS MIMO
119
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
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7/17/2017
Transportation of Goods and Receiving on Site
Ceragon Training Services
Ceragon Installation & Commissioning Course
Proprietary and Confidential
Jan 2017
Agenda
• Transporting and moving microwave goods:
• Antennas
• Network Elements
• Waveguides and Cables
• General guidelines for Transporting Microwave goods
• Equipment inspection
• Receiving Equipment on site
Proprietary and Confidential
122
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General guidelines for Transporting Microwave goods
• Rules that apply for transportation of Microwave goods:
• Rules for packaging and stacking
• Rules for safely transportation
• Rules for unpacking and storage
• Long time storage of goods
Proprietary and Confidential
123
Inspecting Equipment
• Ceragon Authorized Personnel
• Equipment – correct quantities
• Equipment – factory shipping conditions
• Both conditions need to be fulfilled
• Insurance Claims forms
Proprietary and Confidential
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Transport Responsibly – No Matter What the Load
1.
Keep moderate speeds and don’t overload vehicle!
2.
Periodically check the load and at regular intervals, inspect readjust strapping!
HANDLE ALL EQUIPMENT WITH CARE, Damaged equipment must be replaced, NOT INSTALLED
Proprietary and Confidential
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Transporting Antenna
• Observe & follow storage and transportation instructions.
• Position cargo straps onto the strongest part of the crate.
• Check the load regularly to make sure it remains secure.
• On poor road conditions, position the large antenna where they will be least
affected by vibration and shocks – more robust equipment loaded onto
remaining space
Proprietary and Confidential
126
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7/17/2017
Receiving a Delivery at Site
Remember:
• Check quantities against the BOM document
• Check damage to equipment
• Damaged items of equipment should never be installed;
• Missing items need to be reported ASAP:
• Check all equipment on arrival – not after the driver has gone.
Proprietary and Confidential
127
Moving the Antenna
Proprietary and Confidential
12
8
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7/17/2017
Moving Large Antenna – Wrong Way
• Using a forklift truck for the load being lifted
• How to damage the load
Proprietary and Confidential
129
Moving Large Antenna – Right Way
• So, when moving large antenna crates or similar loads ALWAYS fit extensions on to the forks of the
forklift truck
• Keep load near the ground.
• Drive Carefully & Slowly, keep load stable. Make sure of visibility.
Proprietary and Confidential
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Storage of the antenna
• Long term storage considerations.
• Raise the crate off the ground and cover with waterproof sheeting
• Indoors storing is always preferred.
• Antennas inside carton boxes - stored indoors and stacked on pallets
• Storage on site and the right Side UP!
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Inspection
• Loading & Dispatching, check:
• antenna is not damaged
• assembly kits are complete
• For outside stored antennas, ALWAYS inspect crate!
• WARNING: never sling from the top!
• Termites and moisture destroy timber
• Damaged goods should be reported, not transported!
Proprietary and Confidential
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Hoisting Large Antenna
• Use only good quality slings, attach slings at each
corner of the pallet base, not to crate timbers
• Be observant at all times !
• DON’T TAKE CHANCES - NEVER STAND UNDER
LOADS
Proprietary and Confidential
133
Protection – Unpacking and Assembly
• Place timber or other protection under equipment when unpacking crates at site.
• No system or components should ever come in contact with the ground
Proprietary and Confidential
134
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Steel Components
• Surface contamination of metal components on the ground. Contamination will eventually :
• Lead to surface corrosion
• Accelerate depletion of the coating system.
• Bring about premature failure
Proprietary and Confidential
135
Working Load Limit
• Working Load Limit (WLL), Safe Working Load (SWL), Rated Capacity, Rated Load Value.
• Working Load Limit - max. load to rigging equipment.
• THE WORKING LOAD LIMIT MUST NEVER BE EXCEEDED
• THIS MEANS ALL EQUIPMENT !
• IF THE RATING IS UNKOWN IT WILL BE REJECTED BY CERAGON AND MUST BE REMOVED FROM SITE
Proprietary and Confidential
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7/17/2017
Equipment Inspection – Inspecting Rigging Equipment
• Rigging Team is:
•
•
Responsible for regular checks on their equipment
Fully trained to recognize unacceptable wear or damage to equipment.
• Winch: Service at planned regular intervals
• Winch Cable (steel): Check for fraying, cuts and kinking, wound correctly onto the
• Rope (fiber) : Check for fraying of fibers, cuts and contamination from oil, grease etc. and build up
of dirt/grit inside strands that will cause internal fiber wear
• Shackles :Check for pin or bow wear, thread damage or distortion of the bow.
• Pulley Block: lubricate, check for wear to the grove, looseness of pins and wear or damage of the
pulley groove.
• Slings: Check for cuts, fraying, contamination.
CERAGON can and will reject any item of equipment and have it removed from the
site if considered unsuitable or unsafe for its intended use.
Proprietary and Confidential
137
Equipment Storage – 19” Rack
Proprietary and Confidential
13
8
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7/17/2017
Equipment Rack Storage
• Avoid damage during the storage phase
• Use blocks of polystyrene or similar material to keep separation 10
between racks
• Spacer at most rigid part of frame, thick enough to prevent
contact between the racks
9
8
7
6
• Wooden pallet - same footprint as rack. Leveled surface
5
• Lightly strap or brace to keep stability
4
• Stack up to 10 racks only!
3
2
1
Proprietary and Confidential
139
Prevention is Better than repairing !
• By applying simple precautions this damage could have been
prevented
• Consequences - new racks to be air freighted to the project site.
• Several racks were damaged and could not be used.
• The project was not delayed – but the added costs had to be
absorbed by the project.
Proprietary and Confidential
140
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Avoiding Damage During Storage
Proprietary and Confidential
141
Transport with Care
• When transporting equipment provide adequate protection to prevent damage
• Strap securely to avoid damage to packing cases
• Strap down equipment rack separately
• Protect with a tarp or water/dust proof cover
Proprietary and Confidential
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Transport with Care
• On poor road conditions adjust the position to minimize
vibration or shock to the equipment
• Be aware of the packing case contents
Proprietary and Confidential
143
Transportation and handling of waveguide and cables
Proprietary and Confidential
14
4
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Handling and Transporting Waveguide
•
•
•
•
•
•
Waveguide needs to be treated properly:
Don’t put it flat on the ground
Keep it coiled and roll in direction on the drum
Endure free-ends are strapped.
Forklift with extensions beyond drum
Hoisting done properly
Proprietary and Confidential
145
Transporting Waveguide Drums
Proprietary and Confidential
146
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Checking the Waveguide Drum
• Confirm station name from drum labels
• Check the waveguide type against documents
• Check waveguide length
• The length - footage printed on the feeder jacket
Proprietary and Confidential
147
Checking the Waveguide
•
•
•
•
•
•
Avoid pushing tools near the waveguide - may cause damage
Inspect the whole surface for any damage – dents, cuts, etc.
If damage is found – do not install the waveguide!
Report damage to project office !
Waveguide is pre-pressurized to prevent moisture getting inside
There may be some possibility for water inside. you must report this to
your project office before installation!
Proprietary and Confidential
148
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Un-Reeling the Waveguide
Proprietary and Confidential
149
Bill of Material / Bill of Quantity Document
Proprietary and Confidential
75
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Bill of Material (BOM) or Bill of Quantity
• BOM is the list of all equipment to be received on site.
• The BOM can be specific to the site or to the project phase for a site.
• BOM list should be identical with goods received on site in both items and quantities.
151
Proprietary and Confidential
Equipment Bill of Material, Bill of Quantity
#
P/N
Description
Sum QTY
Rihkwadar
Pt 6236
IP-20N-2RU/10-Slot-Base-2x48v
IP-20-TCC-B2-XG-MC+SD
IP-20-RMC-B
IP-20-LIC-X-E4-Opt
IP-20-LIC-T16
IP-20N 2RU/10-slot base package w/ 2x48v
IP-20 TCC-B2-XG-MC, w/ SD-Card
IP-20 RMC-B
IP-20 Extended LIC Eth-4x1GE opt
IP-20 LIC T-16 w/ 16xE1/DS1
1
2
2
8
2
4
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
4
1
2
IP-20-SL-Capacity-450M
IP-20-SL-ACM
IP-20-SL-XPIC
IP-20-SL-MC-ABC
IP-20-SL-GE-Port
IP-20-SL-Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node
IP-20
IP-20
IP-20
IP-20
IP-20
IP-20
SL - Capacity 450M, per carrier
SL - ACM, per carrier
SL - XPIC, per carrier
SL - MC-ABC, per carrier
SL - GE port
SL - Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node mode
8
8
8
8
12
2
4
4
4
4
6
1
4
4
4
4
6
1
RFU-HP-1R-6L
RFU-HP-1R-6H
RFU-HP 6LG 1Rx up to 56M SM/All Indoor
RFU-HP 6HG 1Rx up to 56M SM/All Indoor
4
4
2
2
2
2
15OCB6L-xxxY-56N-ZZ-L
15OCB6L-xxxY-56N-ZZ-H
15OCB6H-xxxY-56N-ZZ-L
15OCB6H-xxxY-56N-ZZ-H
OCB-Pole Mount
OCB-SBend-6
15HP-TERM-137
15HP-SHORT-137
LGHT_PRT
OCB 6LGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX Low
OCB 6LGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX High
OCB 6HGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX Low
OCB 6HGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX High
OCB-Pole Mount
OCB SBend connection 6GHz
1500HP 50 Ohm Termination,WR137
15HP Short for WR137
Lightning protector kit
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
8
8
0
2
0
2
1
2
2
4
4
2
0
2
0
1
2
2
4
4
WAVEGUIDE-6-4FT
SFP-GE-LX
CBL-PWR-DType/OE-40A-5m
CBL-TNC_RA-to-N_FEM_BH-3m
IP10-CBL-16E1-OE-3M
Ant Pol mount 4-6FT
FLEX WG 1.2m WR-137 6GHz
SFP optical interface 1000Base-LX*ROHS
Power cable D-Type/Open-end, 40A, 5m
CBL-TNC_RA-to-N_FEM_BH-3m
IP-10 16E1 cable open-end, 3M
Ant Pol mount 4-6FT
4
8
4
8
4
2
2
4
2
4
2
1
2
4
2
4
2
1
IDU_ODU_CBL_CRNT_EA_305m
IDU_ODU_CBL_CRNT_EA_305m
2
0.6
0.6
2+2-Installation-Kit
CT-19-21-BR-10
32T-ip phone
WEATHERPROOF KIT
RJ-45ETHCross cable
2+2-Installation-Kit
Cabling 19-21" Bracket kit
IP PHONE, SUPPORT SIP IAX2,H323 PROTOCOL
WEATHERPROOF KIT FOR SEALING CONNECTORS
RJ-45ETHCross cable
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
2
DPSA-4-6-A
ANT,4FT,5.925-7.125GHz DP,CPR137G
2
1
1
1. FibeAir IP-20N/A
2. Activation keys
3. FibeAir RFU-HP
4. RF Accessories - Ceragon Design
5. Accessories & Cables
6. Antenna
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Installation Procedure follows
• Equipment was inspected
• Equipment and quantities are checked against the BOM
• Equipment was unloaded and stored correctly on site.
• Installation can begin
Proprietary and Confidential
153
What was discussed
• Transporting and moving microwave goods:
• Antennas
• Network Elements
• Waveguides and Cables
• General guidelines for Transporting Microwave goods
• Equipment inspection
• Receiving Equipment on site
Proprietary and Confidential
154
77
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Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
Pre-Installation Considerations and Documents
Ceragon Training Services
CeraOS 8.5
Proprietary and Confidential
Nov 2016
78
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Agenda
• Roles and responsibilities of Installer/Technician
• Installation Process
• Technical Site Survey Document for your site
• Site RFI ( Ready For Installation)
• Acceptance & Commissioning Procedure
• Equipment Bill Of Material
• Radio Frequency Planning Document – Link Budget
Proprietary and Confidential
157
Roles and Responsibilities
It is your job as a technician to:
• Respect safety rules
• Pay attention that your colleagues do as well
• Report anything suspicious to your supervisor
• Read and understand the instructions
Proprietary and Confidential
158
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Installation Process
Purchase
Order
Technical
Engineering
Configuration
Technical Site
Survey
Shipping to
warehouse
Site RFI
Equipment
Shipment
Equipment
confirmation &
inspection
Installation
Acceptance
Testing
Acceptance
Agreement &
Handover
Proprietary and Confidential
159
Technical Site Survey document
Proprietary and Confidential
16
0
80
7/17/2017
Technical Site Survey document - 1
• The Technical Site Survey document aim
• Technical Site Survey main topics.
• General Data: Customer, Site name, GPS coord, Site Type, Mobile contact, etc.
• About site: parking, distances, storage availability, light, AC power, AC outlets, etc.
• Safety: safety conditions, cellular coverage, climbing
• Terrain LoS: Propagation, Interferences.
• Tower: size, height, azimuth, mw equipment on site,
power supplies, no. of antennas, pole mounts, etc.
• Antenna, IDU & ODU: material requirement, DC power
IF cables, grounding kits, rack units, bolts required, etc
161
Proprietary and Confidential
Technical Site Survey Document - 2
• Transmission Data: DDF, cross connections, Ceragon compatibility, transmission impedance
value, optical boards, sync points
• Power and Grounding: batteries, power supplies, capacities and types, etc.
• Cable entry gland: extra room for cables, quantity, entry plate seal,
• Responsibility Sharing Table:
• Site Survey Checklist:
• Example, open right side object
Proprietary and Confidential
TSS ITEMS
Site Access General Data
Date
Customer Representitive
General Site Data
Site name
GPS Coordinates
Site Type
Equipment Room Type
Site Area
Key Required
Location of Key
Appointment needed
Landline
Fax
Mobile
Email Address
Site Availability
General Site Access
Special requirements for site access
Remarks/Observasion on Site
Parking Arrangements
SITE NAME BE ET1SHA
06-06-16
NAME
BE ET1SHA 123TELECOM
S 16° 01' .036": E 023° 18' .825" and Elevation 971m
Greenfield
Shelter
Residential
Yes
Maun MSU
Yes
+5273654000733
representative@123telecom.com
Working Hours
By Appointment
Yes
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Site RFI (Ready for Installation)
16
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Site RFI (Ready for Installation)
Checklist before visiting the site:
• Checklist covers 6 major issues:
• Access & Permission to the site
• Material
• Weather
• Power at site
• Subcontractors
• LOS
• The checklist will be checked and implemented before visiting the site in order to reduce
costs, manage resources and avoid revisits in the sites.
Proprietary and Confidential
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Module high level design
The checklist will include the following questions:
all the regions except APAC
Issue
APAC only
Answer
(Drop down list)
Question
Did you receive the key for the site and do you have access
to the site?
Y/N
Do you have all the signed papers and permissions from the
site owner? (should be signed by him)
Y/N
Material
Did you check if all the materials arrived to the site and
available for use?
Y/N
Weather
Did you check the weather forecast for the day(s) of the
visit and if the weather fits for installations?
Y/N
Power at site
Did you verify with the site owner that power is available?
(should be signed by him)
Y/N
Subcontractors
Did you verify with the subcontractor that he has all the
resources available on the installation date?
Y/N
Access &
permissions to
the site
LOS
DCN Planning
(Data
Connectivity
planning with IP)
Permit NE FE
Do you have the permit to enter the sites?
Do you have the key or padlock to open the gate, fence,
rack, enclosure, cabinet?
Is DCN ready with all the requirements?
Y/N
Y/N
CAF
Y/N
LBC
Do you have link design approval (link budget) to be
agreed based on KPI?
Y/N
PWO
Was Pre Work Order to touch or shut down network
(live traffic) done?
Y/N
Materials
Is all material/equipment available at the site?
Y/N
DC Rectifier
Go (turned to
green)/ No - Go
(turned to red)
Y/N
Did you receive the antenna height approval (propose)
from tower owner/provider (3rd party provider)?
Electricity (PLN)
Y/N
Decision
Question
Key and Padlock
Did you check if the LOS document is valid and contains all
the relevant issues?
Answer
(Drop down list)
Issue
IP & VLAN
Asset Tagging
Is Panel Box, e.g. outlet to connect AC Power checked
and available?
Is DC power Supply available for Equipment tapping
point?
Is IDU IP and VLAN available for NE connectivity and link
Configuration?
Was label to identify equipment and accessories
installed?
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Y/N
Go (turned to green)/ No - Go
(turned to red)
Decision
•
There will be a time stamp with the date and the name of the Person/ PM who completed the data (After the actual checking).
•
Status “In- progress” in the Service Task – should be mandatory like the “Planned” status.
165
Proprietary and Confidential
Permissions and Implementation – Ceragon Inside
Should be verified between regions:
Region
Europe
S.Cone
Andean
APAC
Africa
India
Owner
PM’s
Implementation
1 week before the visit start date In Inside, while changing the status of the service task from
"planned" to "in- progress" (mandatory alert from the system), a window with the questions
will jumped and completed by PM’s
Service
1 week before the visit. In Inside – while changing the status from "planned" to "in- progress",
Coordinators
a window with the questions will be jumped and completed by Service Coordinators.
PM’s
1 week before the visit start date In Inside, while changing the status of the service task from
"planned" to "in- progress" (mandatory alert from the system), a window with the questions
will jumped and completed by PM’s
*QA – to be
Comment:
recruited in the QA function- need to be recruited and implement the checklist in the future. Meantime will be
future
under PM’s responsibility.
1 week before the visit start date In Inside, while changing the status of the service task from
Currently –PM’s "planned" to "in- progress" (mandatory alert from the system), a window with the questions
will jumped and completed by PM’s
PM’s
1 week before the visit start date In Inside, while changing the status of the service task from
"planned" to "in- progress" (mandatory alert from the system), a window with the questions
will jumped and completed by PM’s
PMO (Ajay
Comment:
Agrawal)
The information still not updated properly in Inside. Once it will be finalized, we can
implement the checklist.
Comments
Should apply 1 week before the site visit
Should apply 1 week before the site visit
Should apply 1 week before the site visit
Only 1-2 days they are notified by the customer that the site is ready.
Needs to recruited QA person to complete the data in Inside
Should apply 1 week before the site visit
Only 1-2 days they are notified by the customer that the site is ready.
Needs to eliminate RJIL. Right now the data is not available properly in
Inside
NA
N/A
2 working days (Excluding Saturday & Sunday) before the visit start date In Inside, while
changing the status of the service task from "planned" to "in- progress" (mandatory alert from
the system), a window with the questions will jumped and completed by PM’s.
***This is applicable as long there is a complete RFI
N/A
Not relevant. Low volume, no reoccurring issues.
Brazil
N/A
N/A
Proprietary and Confidential
Not relevant. Cell plan conduct the site checklist and in case there is a
problem make escalations.
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Acceptance & Commissioning Procedure
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Acceptance & Commissioning Procedure
• The purpose of this procedure is to verify correct installation and operation of the
installed link and the interoperability with customer end equipment.
• Helps verify that all installation requirements were noted and checked.
• Summarizes the installation requirements:
• Comprised of:
• Site Acceptance Procedure
• Commissioning of radio link
Proprietary and Confidential
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Site Acceptance Procedure
Proprietary and Confidential
Site Acceptance Procedure
• Site Information: Name, Model, Customer, Address, Radio code
• Antenna Mounting:
• Antenna
• Out-door Unit
• Coax cable
• Flexible Waveguide
• Indoor Unit
• DC power supply
• Rack Installation
• Remarks
• General Information section
Proprietary and Confidential
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Antenna Mounting Inspection
• Pole high enough to clear obstructions
• Pole high enough & well positioned. The pole should be away from the edge of the
building/tower, where possible.
• Mounting pole is secure and perpendicular.
• Mounting pole is grounded as per site / operator specifications.
• Additional lightning protectors should be installed.
• All steelwork is Galvanized or Stainless Steel, as appropriate to prevent corrosion.
Proprietary and Confidential
171
Antenna Check
• Antenna is grounded.
• Antenna sway braces are fitted and installed.
• For 1.2 m or larger antennas, an extra sway brace is
fitted.
• Antenna Water Drain Plugs are fitted
• Drain plugs at the bottom of the antenna
Proprietary and Confidential
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Outdoor Unit - ODU
• ODU is grounded as per installation instructions.
• ODU polarization is as per link requirements and matches the polarization of the antenna.
• For full outdoor, see proper mediation devices
Proprietary and Confidential
173
Indoor Unit - IDU
• Traffic connections are correctly terminated and crimped
• Fiber optic patch leads should be routed carefully and efficiently.
• Other user terminations are secure and correctly terminated.
• Complete labeling per site requirements.
• Labeling is specific to each customer.
Typical labeling requirements include:
• Antenna labels - for link identity and bearing
• ODU labels - for link identity, frequency, and polarization
• Coax cable labels - for link identity, close to the ODU, IDU, and either end of
any joint
• IDU labels - for link identity
Proprietary and Confidential
174
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Radio Link Commissioning Procedure
17
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Link Commissioning
The purpose of the commissioning tests is to verify correct and
proper operation of the product.
Comprised of:
• Link Verification
• Ethernet Line Interfaces Test
• E1/T1 Line Interfaces Test
IDU
• Interoperability Verification
• Management Verification
IDU
Proprietary and Confidential
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Link Verification
• "Radio" LED on the IDU front panel is green, indicating the
radio link is up.
• Received Signal Level (RSL) is up to +/- 3 dB from the expected
(calculated) level at both ends of the link.
• Radio Bit Error Rate (BER) is 10E-11 or higher.
• If working with ATPC, ATPC is operating as expected (RSL =
reference level).
• After connecting test equipment or end equipment to the
enabled line interfaces, all LEDs on the IDU front panel green.
Proprietary and Confidential
177
Ethernet Line Interface Test
• Connect Ethernet Packet Analyzer to the GbE or FE port.
• Use physical loop at remote end (or connect second analyzer).
• Run Packet Loss test for at least one hour (load rate as per
Ceragon's specifications for the chosen MRMC).
Proprietary and Confidential
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E1/T1 Line Interfaces Test
• Connect PDH Analyzer to the E1/T1 interface and verify error-free operation for at
least 1 hour.
• Use a physical or software loop at the far end.
Proprietary and Confidential
179
Interoperability Verification
• Connect customer end equipment to the line interfaces, and
verify correct operation.
• Further interoperability tests should be performed in accordance
with the specific requirements of the connected end equipment
Proprietary and Confidential
180
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Management Verification
• Launch the HTTP management and verify that you can manage the
link and that you are able to perform changes to the link
configuration (frequency channel, Tx power, system name, time &
date, etc.)
• Verify that correct parameters are reported when performing the
above.
• Verify that there are no active alarms on the link.
• If the management station is located at a remote site (Network
Operation Center), verify that the management station can manage
the link and receive traps.
Proprietary and Confidential
181
Equipment BOM (Bill of Material)
Proprietary and Confidential
18
2
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Equipment Bill of Material, Bill of Quantity
#
P/N
Description
Sum QTY
Rihkwadar
Pt 6236
IP-20N-2RU/10-Slot-Base-2x48v
IP-20-TCC-B2-XG-MC+SD
IP-20-RMC-B
IP-20-LIC-X-E4-Opt
IP-20-LIC-T16
IP-20N 2RU/10-slot base package w/ 2x48v
IP-20 TCC-B2-XG-MC, w/ SD-Card
IP-20 RMC-B
IP-20 Extended LIC Eth-4x1GE opt
IP-20 LIC T-16 w/ 16xE1/DS1
1
2
2
8
2
4
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
4
1
2
IP-20-SL-Capacity-450M
IP-20-SL-ACM
IP-20-SL-XPIC
IP-20-SL-MC-ABC
IP-20-SL-GE-Port
IP-20-SL-Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node
IP-20
IP-20
IP-20
IP-20
IP-20
IP-20
SL - Capacity 450M, per carrier
SL - ACM, per carrier
SL - XPIC, per carrier
SL - MC-ABC, per carrier
SL - GE port
SL - Agg-Lvl-2-CET-Node mode
8
8
8
8
12
2
4
4
4
4
6
1
4
4
4
4
6
1
RFU-HP-1R-6L
RFU-HP-1R-6H
RFU-HP 6LG 1Rx up to 56M SM/All Indoor
RFU-HP 6HG 1Rx up to 56M SM/All Indoor
4
4
2
2
2
2
15OCB6L-xxxY-56N-ZZ-L
15OCB6L-xxxY-56N-ZZ-H
15OCB6H-xxxY-56N-ZZ-L
15OCB6H-xxxY-56N-ZZ-H
OCB-Pole Mount
OCB-SBend-6
15HP-TERM-137
15HP-SHORT-137
LGHT_PRT
OCB 6LGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX Low
OCB 6LGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX High
OCB 6HGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX Low
OCB 6HGHz (1Rx) 56MHz TX High
OCB-Pole Mount
OCB SBend connection 6GHz
1500HP 50 Ohm Termination,WR137
15HP Short for WR137
Lightning protector kit
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
8
8
0
2
0
2
1
2
2
4
4
2
0
2
0
1
2
2
4
4
WAVEGUIDE-6-4FT
SFP-GE-LX
CBL-PWR-DType/OE-40A-5m
CBL-TNC_RA-to-N_FEM_BH-3m
IP10-CBL-16E1-OE-3M
Ant Pol mount 4-6FT
FLEX WG 1.2m WR-137 6GHz
SFP optical interface 1000Base-LX*ROHS
Power cable D-Type/Open-end, 40A, 5m
CBL-TNC_RA-to-N_FEM_BH-3m
IP-10 16E1 cable open-end, 3M
Ant Pol mount 4-6FT
4
8
4
8
4
2
2
4
2
4
2
1
2
4
2
4
2
1
IDU_ODU_CBL_CRNT_EA_305m
IDU_ODU_CBL_CRNT_EA_305m
2
0.6
0.6
2+2-Installation-Kit
CT-19-21-BR-10
32T-ip phone
WEATHERPROOF KIT
RJ-45ETHCross cable
2+2-Installation-Kit
Cabling 19-21" Bracket kit
IP PHONE, SUPPORT SIP IAX2,H323 PROTOCOL
WEATHERPROOF KIT FOR SEALING CONNECTORS
RJ-45ETHCross cable
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
2
DPSA-4-6-A
ANT,4FT,5.925-7.125GHz DP,CPR137G
2
1
1
1. FibeAir IP-20N/A
2. Activation keys
3. FibeAir RFU-HP
4. RF Accessories - Ceragon Design
5. Accessories & Cables
6. Antenna
Proprietary and Confidential
183
Radio Frequency Planning Document
Proprietary and Confidential
18
4
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Radio Frequency Planning Document
• Radio Frequency Planning
• Antenna Heights against Terrain Profile
• Link Distance
• Polarization
• Radio Model
• Antenna Model
• Fade Margin
• Annual Availability
185
Proprietary and Confidential
Link Report
• Example of Link Report
Path
Frequenc Polarizatio
length Radio model S1
y (MHz) n
(km)
Site name S1
Site name S2
Brown County
Coper Tower
6200 Horizontal
Brown County
Needmore Tower
6200 Horizontal
Cunot Tower
Hoosier Spencer Tower
East Madison
Coper Tower
11000 Horizontal
Hoosier Spencer Tower
Stine Hill Tower
11000 Horizontal
6200 Horizontal
Martinsville Guyed Tower Cunot Tower
6200 Horizontal
Martinsville Guyed Tower East Madison
11000 Horizontal
Martinsville Guyed Tower Martinsville Office
18000 Horizontal
Martinsville Office
Coper Tower
6200 Horizontal
Stine Hill Tower
Needmore Tower
6200 Horizontal
Proprietary and Confidential
IP20C-6-60X18.14 A_1506
IP20C-6-60X21.78 A_1506
IP20C-6-60X16.73 A_1506
IP20C-11-80X21.58 A_1501
IP20C-11-80X10.52 A_1501
IP20C-6-60X30.15 A_1506
IP20C-11-80X23.03 A_1501
IP20C-18-60X3.72 A_1506
IP20C-6-60X10.98 A_1506
IP20C-6-60X23.06 A_1506
TR
Annual rain +
TR
TR
TR Antenna Effective fade Effective fade
Antenna
multipath
Antenna Antenna
height (m) margin (dB) margin (dB)
height (m)
availability
model S1 model S2
S2
S1
S2
S1
(%)
HP6-59
HP6-59
42.7
54.9
23.29
23.29
99.997
HP6-59
HP6-59
36.6
85.3
21.68
21.68
99.99237
HP6-59
HP6-59
46
55
24
24
99.99698
HP4-107
VHLP311W
HP4-107
VHLP311W
51.8
54.9
17.83
17.83
99.94277
45.7
45.7
17.44
17.44
99.98546
HP6-59
VHLP311W
HP6-59
57.9
54.9
18.78
18.78
99.92793
HP4-107
54.9
51.8
14.75
14.75
99.88611
VP2-180A VP2-180A
45.7
51.8
19.17
19.17
99.99379
HP6-59
HP6-59
51.8
54.9
27.68
27.68
99.99932
HP6-59
HP6-59
48.4
85.3
21.17
21.17
99.98757
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Radio Link – Network view
• Example: Brown County to Coper Tower
187
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Path Profile Report
• Example
360
340
Elevation (m)
320
300
280
260
240
220
200
0
2
Brown County
Latitude
39 18 35.63 N
Longitude 086 08 43.68 W
Azimuth
310.55°
Elevation
299 m ASL
Antenna CL 42.7 m AGL
Proprietary and Confidential
4
6
8
10
Path length (18.14 km)
Frequency (MHz) = 6200.0
K = 1.33
%F1 = 100.00
12
14
16
Coper Tower
Latitude
39 24 57.60 N
Longitude 086 18 19.90 W
Azimuth
130.45°
Elevation
279 m ASL
Antenna CL 54.9 m AGL
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Transmission details report
• Example of Brown County-Coper Tower
Latitude
Longitude
True azimuth (°)
Vertical angle (°)
Elevation (m)
Antenna model
Antenna file name
Antenna gain (dBi)
Antenna height (m)
Connector loss (dB)
Circulator branching loss (dB)
Frequency (MHz)
Polarization
Path length (km)
Free space loss (dB)
Atmospheric absorption loss (dB)
Net path loss (dB)
Radio model
Radio file name
Emission designator
Climatic factor
Terrain roughness (m)
C factor
Average annual temperature (°C)
Fade occurrence factor (Po)
Polarization
Rain region
Proprietary and Confidential
Brown County
Coper Tower
39 18 35.63 N
39 24 57.60 N
086 08 43.68 W
086 18 19.90 W
310.55
130.45
-0.09
-0.04
298.70
278.59
HP6-59 (TR)
HP6-59 (TR)
hp 6-59
hp 6-59
38.90
38.90
42.70
54.90
0.30
0.30
3.50
3.50
6200.00
Horizontal
18.14
133.49
0.16
63.45
63.45
IP20C-6-60X-A_1506
IP20C-6-60X-A_1506
ip20c-6-60x-a
ip20c-6-60x-a
60M0D7W
60M0D7W
1.00
23.34
0.57
10.00
1.275E-002
Horizontal
Indianapolis, Indiana
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Link Budget
• Example
TX power (dBm)
RX threshold level
(dBm)
EIRP (dBm)
Receive signal
(dBm)
Thermal fade
margin (dB)
Flat fade margin multipath (dB)
2KQAM 534-653Mbps
23.00
23.00
-52.25
-52.25
58.10
58.10
-40.45
-40.45
11.80
11.80
11.80
11.80
1KLQAM 464-567Mbps
25.00
25.00
-52.25
-52.25
60.10
60.10
-38.45
-38.45
13.80
13.80
13.80
13.80
1KHQAM 493-602Mbps
25.00
25.00
-54.25
-54.25
60.10
60.10
-38.45
-38.45
15.80
15.80
15.80
15.80
25.00
-57.75
-57.75
60.10
60.10
-38.45
-38.45
19.30
19.30
19.30
19.30
27.00 -59.75 -59.75
62.10
62.10 -36.45 -36.45
23.30
23.30
23.30
23.30
512QAM 427-521Mbps
25.00
256QAM 397-485Mbps
27.00
128QAM 344-420Mbps
27.00
27.00
-62.75
-62.75
62.10
62.10
-36.45
-36.45
26.30
26.30
26.30
26.30
64QAM 284-348Mbps
27.00
27.00
-65.75
-65.75
62.10
62.10
-36.45
-36.45
29.30
29.30
29.30
29.30
32QAM 232-283Mbps
27.00
27.00
-68.75
-68.75
62.10
62.10
-36.45
-36.45
32.30
32.30
32.30
32.30
16QAM 176-215Mbps
28.00
28.00
-70.50
-70.50
63.10
63.10
-35.45
-35.45
35.05
35.05
35.05
35.05
QPSK 87-106Mbps
28.00
28.00
-83.50
-83.50
63.10
63.10
-35.45
-35.45
48.05
48.05
48.05
48.05
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Availability Report
• Example
Worst month multipath
Annual multipath
Annual rain
Total annual (2 way)
Time in mode (2 way)
2KQAM 534-653Mbps
99.9158
99.9158
99.9789
99.9789
99.9997
99.9997
99.9575
99.9575
1KLQAM 464-567Mbps
99.9469
99.9469
99.9867
99.9867
99.9998
99.9998
99.9732
0.0157
1KHQAM 493-602Mbps
99.9665
99.9665
99.9916
99.9916
99.9999
99.9999
99.9831
0.0099
512QAM 427-521Mbps
99.9850
99.9850
99.9963
99.9963
99.9999
99.9999
99.9925
0.0093
256QAM 397-485Mbps
99.9940
99.9940
99.9985
99.9985
99.9999
99.9999
99.9970
0.0045
128QAM 344-420Mbps
99.9970
99.9970
99.9992
99.9992
99.9999
99.9999
99.9985
0.0015
64QAM 284-348Mbps
99.9985
99.9985
99.9996
99.9996
99.9999
99.9999
99.9992
0.0008
32QAM 232-283Mbps
99.9992
99.9992
99.9998
99.9998
99.9999
99.9999
99.9996
0.0004
16QAM 176-215Mbps
99.9996
99.9996
99.9999
99.9999
99.9999
99.9999
99.9998
0.0002
QPSK 87-106Mbps
99.9999
99.9999
99.9999
99.9999
99.9999
99.9999
99.9999
0.0002
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What was discussed
✓ Roles and responsibilities of Installer/Technician
✓ Installation Process
✓ Technical Site Survey Document for your site
✓ Site RFI ( Ready For Installation)
✓ Acceptance & Commissioning Procedure
✓ Equipment Bill Of Material
✓ Radio Frequency Planning Document – Link Budget
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Thank You
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Antenna Handling, Rigging and Installation
Ceragon Training Services
Ceragon Installation & Commissioning Training
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
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Agenda
• Equipment inspection
• General Antenna Instructions and Procedures
• Propagation Report
• Using a Compass
• Antenna hoisting, assembly and mounting
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Equipment Inspection – Inspecting Rigging Equipment
• Rigging Team is:
•
•
Responsible for regular checks on their equipment
Fully trained to recognize unacceptable wear or damage to equipment.
• Winch: Service at planned regular intervals
• Winch Cable (steel): Check for fraying, cuts and kinking, wound correctly onto the winch
• Rope (fiber) : Check for fraying of fibers, cuts and contamination from oil, grease etc. and build up
of dirt/grit inside strands that will cause internal fiber wear
• Shackles :Check for pin or bow wear, thread damage or distortion of the bow.
• Pulley Block: lubricate, check for wear to the groove, looseness of pins and wear or damage of
the pulley groove.
• Slings: Check for cuts, fraying, contamination.
CERAGON can and will reject any item of equipment and have it removed from the
site if considered unsuitable or unsafe for its intended use.
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Site Safety
• Rigging to be done by trained and experienced riggers.
• All rigging workers – valid climbing certificate in the country of
CERAGON’s project operations
• Equipped with complete, inspected, Safety Rated equipment.
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Communications when Hoisting
• Establishing standard hand signaling is vital to the safety of personnel and the security of the
equipment. Do not rely on voice alone – wind, vehicle and industrial noise can suppress voice
commands.
• Hand Signals
• Use 2-Way Radio Communications
• On tall towers and buildings, where distance or obstructions may degrade voice or hide hand signals,
use radio communications – hands free preferred
• Using cell phones, ensure everyone has plenty of credit and a battery charger!
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Read the Manual
• When working with antenna, ALWAYS read and follow the manufacturer’s documentation
for safe handling, assembly and hoisting procedures.
• Always adjust the rigging method to suit the size and weight of load to be hoisted.
• Always protect the antenna and interface steelwork from contact with the ground when
assembling – use timber or other suitable material
• Always ensure sufficient personnel are on site to cover all possible eventualities
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Follow Procedures
Tower Interface:
• To keep the hoisting weight to a minimum – first, assemble and mount the antenna to tower
interface onto the tower leg/face.
• Ensure that the tubular column is vertical before mounting the antenna. Check all bolts are
properly tightened.
Antenna:
• Adjust the feed horn polarity and place a temporary seal over the port
• Hoist and mount the antenna. Perform course antenna alignment using a magnetic compass.
• Use a spirit level on the rear of the antenna and bring it into vertical.
• Tighten all antenna bolts and secure the side strut(s) to the tower
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Propagation Report
• Antenna height and direction - in the propagation report for the radio hop.
• An antennas offset, if leg or face mounted and where to anchor side strut - installers/riggers.
• Making the right decisions is important for the long term integrity of the antenna system
Site A
Antenna Data
10.037N – 10.744W
Main
Space
Main
HPX8-6.5
50.0
220.00 º
Site B
09.834N – 10.861W
Coordinates
Antenna Type
ANTENNA HEIGHT(m)
DIRECTION OF SHOOT
- 7 degrees
Angle of Elevation + / -
Vertical
Polarization
Space
HPX8-6.5
45.0
40.00º
+ 7 degrees
Vertical
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Magnetic Compass
• Used incorrectly, a Compass will give wrong information possibly leading to time consuming and costly
readjustment or even relocation of antenna – before using a compass make sure everyone fully
understands what external influences can affect compass readings and therefore how to avoid errors.
Can be used to establish:
• Antenna direction of shoot
• Where best to mount the antenna - leg or face mount
• If the Antenna should be left or right offset – preliminary
By knowing the above and knowing the height of the antenna it will be possible to further establish:
• If suitable positions are available to anchor side struts
HAND HELD MAGNETIC COMPASS
• If there are any conflicts with the proposed antenna position
• If there is a requirement to structurally strengthen the tower at the antenna position:
•
•
if the tower is built this can be decided during the survey
If the tower is still to be constructed, this can be established from tower design drawings where available)
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Magnetic Declination
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Can antenna be lowered or raised ? Ask first!
• Sometimes raising or lowering antenna can make all the difference for a good anchoring
position.
• Consider antennas planned to be installed just below or above the current position.
ANTENNA DOWNWARDS:
• Higher risk of the radio beam meeting an obstruction and causing signal fading
ANTENNA UPWARDS:
• Lower risk as ground obstructions - antenna can sometimes be raised higher than the plan
• Seek permission first, because there is extra cost
ONCE ANTENNA & FEEDER INSTALLED, IF NEEDED:
• A higher antenna can be lowered (i.e. cables can be shortened)
• A lower antenna can be raised – but, will the existing cable be long
• No Splicing & Joining cables is permitted.
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Antenna Components
• Parabolic Reflector
• Feeder system with feedhorn.
• Radome
• Rim
• Shield
• Wind Absorber
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Antenna
• Antenna design varies
• This results in changes to:
• Assembly procedure
• Dimensions
• Before installing any antenna always read, understand and
follow installation instructions
• Confirm the dimensions and the assembled antenna weight
before hoisting
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Antenna – Lubricants and Torques
BOLTED FASTENERS, TORQUE AND LOCK NUTS
• Correct antenna assembly is necessary to guarantee long term stability throughout its operational life. Pay special attention to
achieving the correct arrangement and tightening of all bolt fasteners, follow strictly the instructions provided with the
equipment in the form of drawings and bulletins.
• Torque data for each type of bolt fastener is provided by the antenna manufacturer, use it !
Recommended torque values may
vary from different antenna
manufacturers and metal type. Lubricants
will also reduce friction and alter the
amount of torque needed to fully tighten
a bolt.
Always check each assembly bulletin
delivered with the antenna
GREASE, LUBRICANTS AND THREAD LOCKING COMPOUNDS
• Become familiar with the proper application of greases, lubricants and thread locking compounds (i.e. LOCTITE) that are
variously used on a number of CERAGON components such as gaskets and bolted fasteners for Antenna, ODU, Branching Box
and Waveguide Assemblies. Full instructions are provided with each assembly bulletin. Apply as instructed, use only where
stated.
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Thread assemblies
Functions of a threaded assembly:
1. Create clamp force
2. Maintain clamp force
3. Allow disassembly
Why do threaded assemblies fail?
A. Gaps between nuts and bolts.
B. Vibration & side-to-side movement.
C. Expansion/contraction & loosening
Disassembly is not always possible, because in certain conditions the
nut and bolt can seize together. Seizing can lead to:
• Corrosion or rust, or different parts assemblies (galvanic corrosion)
• Galling (friction welding)
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Antenna – Thread Locking Compounds (eg Loctite)
• Single-component adhesives that cure in the absence of air and in contact with
active metal They completely fill all voids between the interfacing threads.
• How do I use a thread locker? To achieve optimum performance all parts must be
clean and free of contaminants (e.g. oil, grease)
Typical properties of thread-locking fluids
Type
Typical color code
Torque to break
free
Torque to continue
turning
Temperature
range
Low strength
■ Purple
62 in-lb (7 N-m)
27 in-lb (3 N-m)
−54 to 149 °C
Medium strength
■ Blue
115 in-lb (12 N-m)
53 in-lb (6 N-m)
−54 to 149 °C
Medium strength
surface insensitive
■ Blue
180 in-lb (20 N-m)
62 in-lb (7 N-m)
−54 to 149 °C
High strength
■ Red
230 in-lb (25 N-m)
225 in-lb (25 N-m)
−54 to 149 °C
High temperature
■ Red
180 in-lb (20 N-m)
270 in-lb (30 N-m)
−54 to 232 °C
Penetrating
■ Green
90 in-lb (10 N-m)
310 in-lb (35 N-m)
−54 to 149 °C
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Installing: Ultra high Performance Antenna
• Dual polarized feed horn for some UHX antennas have asymmetrical radiation patterns that produce a lower side lobe on one side.
• In the example ANDREW feed horn shown here the ‘better side’ is the side marked in red, which, when installed to the left or right can
reduce any potential interference at that side.
• If a ‘better side’ has been specified ensure the feed horn has been correctly orientated before beginning to align the antenna.
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UHX Asymmetrical Radiation pattern example
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What is Antenna offset?
• Offsetting antenna is simply orienting the dish either to the left side or right side of the pole mount. This does not affect the
antenna’s polarization.
OFFSET LEFT
OFFSET RIGHT
• The offset option allows us to more stabilizing position of the antenna by side struts.
• Can simplify feeder installation and make access easier
• With the antenna illustrated above, this is done by adjusting the mount frame at the rear of the antenna.
• In this example the main antenna dish is not rotated, but this can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer
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Offsetting a 0.3m - 0.6m Value Line Antenna
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Side Strut
The function of a side strut is to transfer the wind loading
on a antenna back to the tower structure
WIND
If the side strut is not installed correctly the antenna will
become unstable !
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Determine Strut Orientation
• Suitable mounting points must be provided on the tower
• For structural efficiency the struts should be installed parallel to the antenna axis
• When not possible the struts maybe positioned within an angular 'cone’ relative to the reflector axis.
Typical limitations for side strut installation!
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Side Strut – Alignment
• Side strut(s) parallel to the boresight of the antenna will provide optimum stability for the antenna
Azimuth strut parallel to antenna boresight
TOP
ANTENNA BORESIGHT
Fixed strut parallel to antenna boresight
SIDE
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ANTENNA BORESIGHT
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One or More Side Struts
• Side Strut - installed within the angular limits stated in the bulletin.
• Manufacturers instructions must be followed.
• Before installing an antenna:
• establish where the side strut(s) will be anchored
• ensure the side strut assembly is suitable for the size.
• confirm the bracket assembly can be rotated
• Bracket assemblies must be from high grade steel, hot dipped galvanized
• If antenna fails, Ceragon is responsible for the repair and replacement
• The Customer looses revenue !
• CERAGON may loose a Customer !
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Basic Antenna Data
Initial coarse antenna alignment should permit panning within the adjustment range of the hardware
Riggers must know the weight of an antenna assembly before hoisting - example data only is shown here
Mandatory = minimum. Antenna may require more side strut than shown here under some conditions
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Tower Space
• Tower space is valuable Real Estate, DO NOT WASTE IT!
• Keep side strut angles within limits
• Be considerate of future antenna installation, don’t cause
obstructions
• Cut side strut to keep the climbing area clear
• Treat exposed cuts with zinc rich paint compound
• If multiple side strut, it is vital that positions are established
before attempting to install the antenna.
• Install it right first time!
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Avoiding Injuries
• Keep the climbing area inside the tower free of obstructions that may inflict injury
• Plan carefully how the antenna should be mounted onto the tower
• It’s easier to prepare a correct offset on the ground rather than trying to make changes after the antenna has been
installed
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Antenna - Offsetting
• If the antenna boresight aligns closely to the diagonal of the tower or,
perpendicular to the tower face, offsetting ‘left’ or ‘right’ may make little
difference.
• Mounting decision should be based on
• optimum feeder run,
• side strut anchorage
• service access
• Using the short side strut arrangement will provide better stability if a solid
anchorage can be established on the tower structure.
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Wrong Choice of Offset!
• Where an antenna has been offset too far from the tower it
becomes difficult to stabilize as fewer options remain
available where to anchor side strut.
• High wind speeds will increase antenna movement
• Antenna movement will increase signal fading
• Antenna movement may loosen or damage side support arm
linkage
• With an arrangement such as this finding a solution to also
supporting the feeder cable becomes complicated and costly
!
• Also service access to the antenna has increased risks !
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Getting it Wrong – in the Real World!
Side strut angle provides
no support to the Antenna
Antenna should be offset left or
moved to adjacent leg
With this orientation the side
strut should have been positioned
here on the rear frame
Maintenance access to the
antenna is more difficult with this
arrangement
Waveguide requires extra
standoff support
A modest downwards height adjustment would have placed this
Antenna in a better position to anchor the side strut
Antenna azimuth inoperable
from this angle – could not have
been used to pan the Antenna
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Side Strut Employment
A side strut has a job to do, but not all of it is actually employed.
If the redundant part of the side strut becomes an obstruction, cut it off, but only after the
antenna is finally aligned !
Just remember to treat any cuts with zinc rich paint compound.
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Adding Protection
With a good hacksaw blade it takes less than a couple minutes to cut a side strut
If you must cut a side strut always seal the end with zinc rich cold galvanizing compound
225
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Stop Ring
A Stop Ring may not always be provided in
the kit, if it is, always use it
Before fixing the Stop Ring decide first antenna
height.
The Stop Ring provides a platform to rotate
the antenna and additional security
Minor vertical adjustment of the stop ring should be
considered if side strut limits are difficult to achieve
and/or side strut brackets cannot be positioned to
suit the side strut angle
For waveguide, ensure there is sufficient space for
connecting to the feedhorn and tolerance to pan
the antenna.
Installation Tip
Some antenna mount may not rotate
smoothly over the stop ring when panning
the antenna.
This can often be overcome if the antenna
direction is perpendicular to the stop ring
joint
Proprietary and Confidential
When a stop ring is not provided, it is important to
set the direction of shoot as accurately as possible.
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Antenna Column Verticality
Confirm column verticality
using a spirit level.
First, always check that the spirit level is
working accurately
The, check along one side then move the
spirit level around the column and check
again.
If the column is not vertical it is important
to correct this before installing the antenna
otherwise some difficulty can be
experienced when panning the antenna
Finally, check that all bolts are correctly
tightened
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Feed horn Port(s)
DUAL POLARIZED FEEDHORN
• Keep the open ports on the feed horn sealed
• On dual polarized feed horn, a termination load should be fitted to
the unused port.
• It is important to fit a gasket kit to obtain an air/water tight seal.
• Install the termination load at ground level.
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Hoisting Antenna
To prevent the antenna
rolling forward secure
here with a rope
Before hoisting an antenna double check
(use two experience people) all rigging
equipment, knots, pulley, shackle etc.
Check that ground to tower
communications is operating
Refer to the antenna
bulletin for sling positions
Check sling/rope rating
against weight of antenna
Attach ropes to prevent
the antenna spinning
during hoisting
Don’t place any load on
the weaker front edge of
the antenna – keep it
clear off the ground
Use two separate ropes, one
each side of the antenna if
better control is needed
Deploy enough personnel to
control this pay rope to
prevent the antenna striking
the tower or other antenna
ALWAYS place protection between
the ground and the antenna
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Hoisting Antenna
The pay rope should be looped around a tree or
immovable object a distance from the tower
approximately equal to the installed height of the
antenna. The rope controlled at all times by one person
Pay
Rope
Approx. 45º
WINCH
When using a winch make
sure it is well restrained
against any movement
When hoisting manually loop the free end of rope through a
safe anchor point to brake and support the load should the
hoisting be halted or those hoisting the antenna need rest.
Proprietary and Confidential
Hoist
Rope /
Cable
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Gin Pole
Mounting larger antenna at the very top of a tower can be
difficult and risky if the right equipment is not used.
It is important to position the pulley block as high as
possible above the antenna
Therefore, always use a well
designed gin pole to minimise risk !
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Summary / Checklist
✓ Important to set out accurately the antenna’s direction of shoot using a magnetic compass
✓ Decide if the antenna is to be leg mounted or face mounted
✓ Choose which antenna offset will provide best option for antenna stability
✓ Confirm the antenna can be rotated through azimuth without any conflicts
✓ Ensure that side support arm will have good anchorage and will not exceed angle limits
✓ Decide if additional structural members are needed for antenna stability
✓ If permissible, raise or lower the antenna to establish a better position (seek permission!)
✓ Keep antenna column close as possible to the tower and must be vertical
✓ Ensure the waveguide will not be in conflict with structural members
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What was discussed
✓ Equipment inspection
✓ On site delivery
✓ Moving & Storing Antenna/s
✓ Transporting antennas and products
✓ General Antenna Instructions and Procedures
✓ Propagation Report
✓ Using a Compass
✓ Antenna hoisting, assembly and mounting
2
3
3
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Thank You
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Antenna Alignment
Ceragon Training Services
Ceragon Installation Training
Proprietary and Confidential
Feb 2017
Agenda
• Why do we align the antenna?
• Hop Data
• Column Support
• Stop Ring usage
• Antenna Coarse alignment
• Tools needed
• Azimuth, Elevation
• Radiation Pattern, Main and Side lobes
• Antenna Alignment, Cross Polarized and Spatial Diversity Scenarios
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Before you begin!
• Before you begin to align antenna it is important that good installation practice has been
followed and antenna are correctly set up.
• Always have the manufacturer’s notes or Installation guides available and READ them!
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Why do we align antenna ?
• Antenna are aligned to achieve the maximum Received Signal Strength (or, input level) at each end of a radio hop
(i.e. at each facing antenna).
How to align antenna ?
• First step is always to study the installation bulletin - they are not all the same !
• Panning is the operation carried out to align an antenna through:
• Azimuth (horizontal plane)
• Elevation (vertical plane)
• The antenna bulletin will normally list what the minimum tool requirement is to pan the antenna.
• Aligning an antenna is not just a simple matter of using a few tools – difficulties can arise trying to establish the
signal, and when they do, having the ability to interpret the received signal can mean all the difference between
having a successful or, deeply frustrating day !
Proprietary and Confidential
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Link Data / Hop Data
• When setting the radio hop remember: Geographical, Physical and Performance
Characteristics will be unique to each Station / Antenna – make a note !
Site A
Antenna Data
10.037N – 10.744W
Main
Space
HPX8-6.5
Main
Antenna Type
220.00 º
DIRECTION OF SHOOT
- 7º
Site B
09.834N – 10.861W
Co-ordinates
Angle of Elevation + / -
Space
HPX8-6.5
40.00º
+7º
Vertical
Polarization
Vertical
-42 dBM
RSSI
-42 dBM
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Pole Mount - Verticality
Vertical
Vertical
Always check the pole mount for verticality by using a spirit level
An out of plumb pole mount will add ‘avoidable’ complications.
PLAN VIEW OF TOWER
ARROWS INDICATING
DIRECTION OF TOWER
FACE AND LEG SLOPE
COLUMN SUPPORT
MUST BE VERTICAL
TOWER LEG
‘front view’
Proprietary and Confidential
PLUMB TWO FACETS
USING SPIRIT LEVEL
TOWER LEG
‘side view’
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Pole Mount out of Vertical One Face
With column support leaning back towards the
tower (verticality out one facet) the feed horn
will respond by tracking the lines of travel
shown above.
Antenna alignment will become more
complicated when column verticality is incorrect.
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Stop Ring
• Stop ring are normally delivered together with larger antenna and must be
fitted to the column.
• The stop ring provides a platform for the antenna when panning and will
prevent the antenna sliding down the column, which could damage the
waveguide
• They can also be used to marginally adjust the vertical position of the
antenna up or down the column to improve side strut installation.
• With most smaller antenna, stop ring are not needed as the azimuth /
elevation adjustment is independent from the mount bracket
• However, any coarse alignment error outside the antenna’s adjustment
range would require the mount bracket to be loosened – before you do
this fit a temporary stop ring. Carry a spare in your vehicle
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Azimuth and Elevation Range
• Note how the adjustment range for azimuth and elevation diminishes as antenna diameter increases
• This table is presented as a guide only – always check the antenna adjustment range from the installation bulletin
provided by the antenna Manufacturer.
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Antenna Coarse Alignment
MARKER
AZIMUTH
•
The adjustment range reduces as the diameter increases.
•
Setting out coarse alignment is very important.
•
Use magnetic compass or GPS/phone compass.
•
Confirm magnetic declination for your area, adjust the compass and bearings.
•
Move some distance away from the tower – interference from tower.
•
Establish Azimuth, place a marker into the ground
•
Stretch a rope between the tower and marker.
•
Bring the antenna into alignment with the rope.
•
Do not attempt to use a magnetic compass when
working around or inside the tower as magnetic
interference can be considerable
Note: Do not cut the side
strut until the antenna is
finally aligned
Carry out this same procedure with the antenna on other end
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Antenna - Verticality
• After coarse azimuth bring antenna vertical using a spirit level
• This must be carried out with antennas both sides of the hop, before beginning final alignment.
• The antenna is now set and ready for final alignment – fix the side strut(s) and secure these to
the tower.
• Before alignment, using water proof pen, mark the starting
position of the antenna on the azimuth (side strut),
elevation bolt or column.
• If you run into difficulties this will make it possible
to return to the original position.
• For reference, as each side lobe is encountered,
use a pen to mark their position on the adjustment bolt.
• Alternatively, use the lock nuts as markers.
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Antenna Alignment - Preliminaries
Before you start, ensure the following are prepared:
• No obvious obstructions will impede the antenna line of sight
• Antenna column support is vertical on two facet 90º apart
• Stop Ring – is installed and secure (if part of antenna kit)
• Antenna is carefully coarse aligned along a magnetic
• Antenna is brought into vertical position with spirit level
• No obstructions to hinder panning the antenna or obstruct the waveguide –
sufficient hanger and standoff support are loosened for some distance back
from the antenna to allow free movement of the waveguide (optionally use a
use a flex-twist as a temporary arrangement)
• Fixed side strut are loosened
• Feed horn polarization is the same on both sides.
• Where applicable ‘better side’ set and the feedhorn port is levelled
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Antenna Alignment - Tools
As a minimum, the following tools should be
available:
• Digital Multimeter with test leads
• BNC – 2xBanana Test Connector
• Spirit Level
• Spanners – for sizes, refer to the Bulletin provided with the antenna
• Binoculars – useful for identification of the far station and
obstructions
• Note: when aligning space diversity (SD) antenna via the radio unit
on a ‘branching box’ a length of single pair cable should be
available to permit extending the digital multi-meter down to the
diversity antenna
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Protecting Waveguide
• It often happens to forget what’s happening to the waveguide.
• Waveguide can easily become stressed and may break if it meets
resistance.
• Waveguide is most vulnerable where it enters the connector.
• Resistance increases considerably along the waveguide’s H plane.
• Waveguide runs - planned to ensure no conflicts when aligning.
• Loosen enough support to so that waveguide has free movement.
• Check that waveguide is not stressed or ran up against obstruction.
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Feed horn
• Before commencing alignment confirm the feed horn is levelled – if not – bring it into level
using a spirit level on the top of the waveguide flange.
• This must be done for all feed horns at both sides of the link.
• Loosen the feed horn retaining bolts sufficiently to allow it to rotate smoothly by hand.
• Never use force or any metal on the copper guide to increase leverage, hands only.
• Remember to tighten all bolts back to the original torque
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Preparing for Azimuth
• Fit a Stop Ring, then Loosen U
Bolt 2a & 2b
• Loosen the pivot bolt 3a
• Loosen the two locking 4a and
4b
• Two locknuts can used to
temporarily mark positions of
the side lobes – the mid point
approximating the main lobe.
Proprietary and Confidential
TIP: for best control when fine
tuning azimuth & elevation use
two spanners simultaneously
while monitoring signal
strength at all times.
Apply the same method when
tightening the locknuts
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TIP: use the same two
spanner method when fine
tuning on the elevation bolt.
Tighten bolts incrementally .
Preparing for Elevation
• Lock down Azimuth, Start:
see earlier slide
• The antenna illustrated has
two elevation bolts 5a and
5b - only one needs to be
used for adjustment. Either
bolt can be used.
Monitor the
signal level
constantly via
the digital multimetre.
Locking down Elevation:
Start:
• The second elevation bolt
should be
fully loosened to allow free
movement of the
antenna. In this example the
top bolt 5a is
being used for panning.
• Loosen bolts 3b and 6 to
allow the antenna
to rotate through vertical
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Preparing for Elevation
see earlier slide
• Lock down Azimuth, Start:
• The antenna illustrated has two
elevation bolts 5a and 5b - only one
needs to be used for adjustment.
Either bolt can be used.
• The second elevation bolt should
be fully loosened to allow free
movement of the antenna. In this
example the top bolt 5a is being
used for panning.
TIP: use the same two
spanner method when fine
tuning on the elevation bolt.
Tighten bolts incrementally .
Monitor the signal level
constantly via the digital
multi-meter.
To lock down
Elevation:
• Loosen bolts 3b and 6 to allow the
antenna to rotate through vertical
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RSSI through Multi-meter
•
Remove the dust cap from the RSSI and fit the BNC(x2) Banana Connector
•
Connect a Digital Multimeter: the voltage reading has a direct correlation to the received signal strength in dBM – see RSSI Diagram
•
Number after .decimal shows conversion from Received Signal Level, for e.g.: 1.48Volts means an RSL of -48dBm(+-2dB variance)
•
Put dust cap back once antenna alignment is done.
1,9V
1,6V
1,3V
Proprietary and Confidential
-30dBm
-60dbm
-90dBm
253
Branching Box with Space Diversity
• Aligning a space diversity antenna is exactly the same.
• To use the convenient to digital multi-meter down at the
diversity antenna level simply run a length of single pair cable
from the branching box unit down to the diversity antenna
level.
Proprietary and Confidential
Diversity
spacing is
commonly 10
metre,
but can vary.
15-20 metre
of single
pair cable
would cover
most
installation
needs
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Antenna Elevation – something to keep in mind
• When aligning antenna be aware of the angle of elevation between two facing antenna.
• While this may not be significant over longer hops, it can become an important issue over short hops.
• Knowing where look for the signal – above or below horizontal - can be a considerable time saver
• CHECK THE HOP’S PROFILE FOR THIS INFORMATION
250m AMSL
LEVEL
150m AMSL
250m AMSL
LEVEL
150m AMSL
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The Received Signal Level
• Attaining the signal strength exactly as predicted is not always possible under actual field
conditions but, a maximum signal strength is.
• This is the signal that technicians must establish to ensure optimum system performance
across the radio hop.
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Lobes – Peaks, Troughs and dBm
• Understanding to interpret the received signal can save technicians considerable time when aligning antenna.
• Observing the changes in received signal strength as the antenna is panned can provide valuable information to where the receiving
antenna is pointing relative to the transmitting antenna. Technicians often mistake the received signal from a side lobe for that of the main
beam.
• Once antennas aligned the receive signal should be within 2-3 dB of the calculated signal level.
257
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Beam Width
-3dBM
Note: view table to see how the
3dB beam width diminishes with
increased antenna diameter
114mmØ (4½”) Antenna Pole Mount Take care when panning the
antenna and be aware that:
1º of Antenna Rotation =
1 mm of Distance Travelled
Proprietary and Confidential
1º of antenna rotation
around a standard 114mmØ
column only requires 1mm
of antenna movement
For the 1.8mØ antenna
highlighted here this is less
than 0.8º rotation to the 3dB point
0.8º
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Antenna Alignment - Azimuth
• It’s important to distinguish between which are the side lobes and
Confirm this as a 1st. side lobe – so continue
to pan beyond the peak of the lobe
what is the main beam
Receiving Antenna,
Transmission
Muted
1st. SIDE LOBE
AZIMUTH
MAIN BEAM
TOP VIEW
Transmitting Antenna
1.40 V
1st. SIDE LOBE
Confirm this as a 1st. side lobe – so continue
to pan beyond the peak of the lobe
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Antenna Alignment - Elevation
•
Determine if the antenna should be above or below horizontal plane then pan the antenna in that direction.
•
At this point, it should not be necessary to find the side lobes along elevation – just to fine tune to the maximum received signal strength
•
If the vertical angle is large, adjust the angle of elevation, possibly repeating azimuth panning before the maximum strength signal is established.
Receiving Antenna
1st. SIDE LOBE
HORIZONTAL
MAIN BEAM
Transmitting Antenna
SIDE VIEW
Example -7 degrees elevation
ELEVATION
1.40 V
1st. SIDE LOBE
Proprietary and Confidential
Continue to pan beyond the
peak of the 1st lobe
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Final Alignment – including Space Diversity
• The following procedure covers a Space Diversity System.
• For 1+0 link with single antenna, disregard references to the Space antenna.
• Use the main antenna to transmit the aligning signal.
• The receiving antenna (i.e. the antenna that is being aligned) should have its signal
transmission muted to avoid any interference from cross over.
Configuration
Channel 1
Channel 2 or
Protection
Channel 3
Channel 4
1+0
Transmit
N/A
N/A
N/A
1+1 HS
Transmit
Mute
N/A
N/A
2+0
Transmit
Mute
N/A
N/A
3+0
Transmit
Mute
Mute
N/A
3+1
Transmit
Mute
Mute
Mute
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1st Stage - Antenna Alignment
Site A - transmit from main antenna
MAIN
SPACE
• Alignment is done on B with
Note: Space Diversity
antenna will not transmit
multimeter to the RSSI port.
• Obtain best RSL on site B.
Site B – align Space antenna
toward Site A Main for best
initial input level
Site A
• Both sites should be manned by
MAIN
• x = not transmitting, only
Site B
SPACE
Technicians and Riggers
SPACE
SPACE
• B is receiving on Main and SD
Site B – align main antenna
toward Site A to receive best
initial input level
MAIN
• Only A is transmitting
MAIN
receiving
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2nd Stage - Antenna Alignment
Site A – align main antenna toward Site B
to receive best input level
Site B – Transmit from
main antenna
MAIN
Site A – align space
diversity antenna
toward Site B Main
to receive best input
level
MAIN
SPACE
SPACE
Site A
MAIN
SPACE
MAIN
SPACE
Site B
Note: Space
Diversity antenna
will not transmit
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3rd and Final Stage - Antenna Alignment
Site A - transmit from main antenna
Site B – mute transmit and align main antenna to Site A
MAIN
MAIN
SPACE
SPACE
Site B – Space antenna
align toward Site A
Proprietary and Confidential
SPACE
MAIN
Site B
SPACE
x = not transmitting,
only receiving
Site A
MAIN
Note: Space Diversity
antenna will not
normally transmit
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Cross Polarization Adjustment
• Following final alignment of antenna both sides of the hop feedhorn should be optimized for correct
horizontal/vertical polarization to achieve maximum Cross Polarization Discrimination.
• This is performed using a spirit level.
• Final Control
• When all adjustments are performed check that the input level agrees with the one theoretically calculated. If the
input level is too low, adjust the antennas once more. Finally, ensure that all bolts, nuts and stays are properly
mounted and all hanger and standoff support are secured.
DUAL POLARIZED FEEDHORN
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Before Leaving Site
Site A – transmit to Site B
Site B – transmit to Site A
MAIN
MAIN
SPACE
SPACE
Ensure that the Radio’s at both sites are
correctly configured to transmit and receive
Site A
MAIN
SPACE
MAIN
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SPACE
Site B
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What was discussed?
✓ Why do we align the antenna?
✓ Hop Data
✓ Column Support
✓ Stop Ring usage
✓ Antenna Coarse alignment
✓ Tools needed
✓ Azimuth, Elevation
✓ Radiation Pattern, Main and Side lobes
✓ Antenna Alignment, Cross Polarized and Spatial Diversity Scenarios
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Thank You
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1.40 V
TOP VIEW
Proprietary and Confidential
1.40 V
SIDE VIEW
MAIN BEAM
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Indoor installation
Equipment Rack – 19” Standard
CeraOS 8.5 – 8.5.5
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
Agenda
• Equipment Rack Installation
• Receiving at site, Equipment presentation
• Transport considerations
• Tools required
• 19” Rack assembly
• Rack fixing: wall and floor
• Planning ahead for future installations
• Avoiding Electrostatic Discharges
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Equipment Rack Installation
• Many different rack design are used on Ceragon projects worldwide.
• The procedure demonstrated here applies to the Ceragon 19” ETSI Rack.
• The principle of good installation practice applies no matter what equipment rack design
is installed. The equipment rack should be:
• installed in factory shipped condition
• correctly positioned (in accordance with layout drawings)
• installed vertical and aligned with other racks
• fixed securely with compatible materials
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19” Equipment Rack – Receiving at Site
• Most rack damage is sustained during transportation
• Before installing equipment, always check for transport damage:
•
•
•
Check for mechanical defects
Check for twisting and warping of the frame
Check for paint coating damage
• Any damage should be reported immediately to your Project Office
• Damaged equipment should not be installed at site
• This could result with the Customer rejecting the installation
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General Notes
• Equipment Rack Installation is best undertaken by two persons!
• Try to plan ahead for future installations
• Always use level, good quality tools
• Don’t take risks
• Make sure you are aware of dangers in the work environment
• Don’t work with live power networks
275
Proprietary and Confidential
Equipment Rack
145.5mm
• Rack Frame dimensions for 19”:
• 2100mm - 97B5284A-1
2100mm
1700mm
• 1700mm –97B5284A-2
609mm
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Equipment Rack Storage
• Avoid damage during the storage phase
• Use blocks of polystyrene or similar material to keep separation 10
between racks
• Spacer should be placed at most rigid part of frame, thick
enough to prevent contact between the racks
• Wooden pallet same footprint as rack should have even and
level surface
• Lightly strap or brace to keep stability
• Stack up to 10 racks high, only!
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
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Prevention is Better than repairing !
• By applying simple precautions all this damage could have been
prevented
• Consequences - new racks to be air shipped to the project
• Several of these racks were found to be damaged and could not be
used.
• The project was not delayed – but the added costs had to be
absorbed by the project
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Avoiding Damage During Storage
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Transport with Care
• When transporting equipment provide adequate protection to prevent damage
• Strap securely to avoid damage to packing cases
• Strap down equipment rack separately
• Protect with a tarp or water/dust proof cover
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Transport with Care
• On poor road conditions adjust the position of the load on the truck flat bed or pick-up to
minimize vibration or shock to the equipment
• Be aware of the packing case contents – transport and handle with care
281
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19” Equipment Rack – Rack Positioning
• Rack position to be established from:
B
A
• Station drawings
• Customer instruction
CERAGON
• In the absence of detailed layout or customer
instruction:
• A Follow line of existing equipment or
• B: Make sure reasonable clearance is provided
between rear of IFU and wall
• IF IN ANY DOUBT, ASK !
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19” Equipment Rack – Tool Requirement
Assembly and Installation Tools
Minimum Tool Requirement
Recommended
Assembly and Installation Tools
Recommended
Qty
Minimum Tool Requirement
Qty
Tape Measure and Pencil
1
Tool for Inserting for Cage Nut
1
Spirit Level
1
Various Drill Bits, depending on shelter
fabric
1
1
Spanner, Combination, 17mm
or, Ratchet/Socket
1
Scriber
Adjustable Spanner 0 – 20mm
1
Engineers Square
1
Power Drill w/ Hammer Action
1
Large Hacksaw (fine cut blade)
1
Flat File, medium cut
1
Electric Extension Cord
1
TORX, T20
1
Step Ladder to reach top of rack
1
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Proprietary and Confidential
19” Equipment Rack – Assembly
To avoid damage during assembly:
• Lay rack horizontal on a clean level surface (packing case)
• Use soft material under the rack to prevent paint damage (cardboard)
PROTECTION
PACKING CASE
Proprietary and Confidential
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19” Equipment Rack – Adjustable Feet and Wall Bracket
• Loosely install the adjustable feet into base of rack
• When installing both All indoor and Split Mount racks ensure that the heights of installation for the wall mount
brackets on the rack are the same to simplify fixing to a common wall profile.
• All indoor – these are usually shipped preassembled from the factory
Adjustable Feet
Wall Mount Bracket
Position Adjustable
Top of Rack Preferred
Position
285
Proprietary and Confidential
19” Equipment Rack – Adjustable Feet
• Begin by inserting a nut/washer about mid-way
down each threaded stud
• Using the nuts and washers provided in the kit:
• ABZ6478 – Split Mount system
• ABZ6785 – All indoor system
• Fit the 4 no. feet into the base of the rack – as
shown below
• Hand tighten nuts only
Proprietary and Confidential
When the rack is finally positioned,
adjust each foot to sit firmly on the
floor - and tighten nuts.
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286
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19” Equipment Rack – Floor/Wall Fixing
• Mark floor at 2 no. centre positions shown
• Concrete floor/masonry wall (kit MSK5371) Requires:
• Masonry drill bit, 12mmØ
• Coach screw + flat washer
• Plastic plug
• Timber floor (kit MSK5371) Requires:
• Wood bit, dia. as coach screw shank
• Coach screw + washer
NOTE: DRILL BITS NOT SUPPLIED IN KIT
Screw Shank
Proprietary and Confidential
BASE OF RACK
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19” Equipment Rack – Floor Fixing
• Method of fixing rack to floor is dependent on floor fabric: Concrete, Screed, Timber, Metal
• Once adjustable feet are installed & rack is in position, mark the floor accurately before drilling
• Over tightening of Coach Screw may cause the rack base plate to deform.
• Stop tightening once the washer cannot be rotated by finger
Proprietary and Confidential
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19” Equipment Rack – Installation Tip
Consider these for Accuracy and Simplified Installation
• When Drilling into Concrete, first try using a Pilot Drill half the diameter of the final drill
diameter.
• When Fixing to Wood, first try drilling a Pilot Hole the same diameter as the screw shank.
• Installing Coach Screws – it’s quicker and simpler to use a socket with ratchet drive
ALWAYS CLEAN UP AFTER DRILLING
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Proprietary and Confidential
19” Equipment Rack – Long Haul
Cage nut
2ea. / Bracket
Screw/washer – 2ea.
/ Bracket
• Rack support options:
Screw inserted from inside or
outside of frame
• Screwed directly to wall
• Wall supported using Aluminum profile
• Extended support from wall or overhead
Aluminium Profile shown here is adapted for wall support
Assembly Tools for Wall Mount Bracket
Description
Proprietary and Confidential
Quantity
TORX, T20
1
SCREWDRIVER or INSERT TOOL for CAGE NUT
1
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19” Equipment Rack – Split Mount
• Split Mount specific - top of rack bracket has an integrated earth termination bar
Cage nut
2ea. Side of bracket
Screw / washer
2ea. / Bracket
Screws should be inserted
from outside of frame
CAGE NUT / SCREW
Assembly Tools for Wall Mount Bracket
Description
Quantity
TORX, T20
1
SCREWDRIVER or INSERT TOOL for CAGE NUT
1
291
Proprietary and Confidential
19” Equipment Rack – Split Mount Wall Mount Bracket
Aluminium Angle brackets used for
direct mounting to wall or Aluminium
profile.
Earth termination frame and
bulkhead for feeder cable
Aluminium Profile
length to suit one or
more racks
Earth termination bar
Proprietary and Confidential
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Optional Aluminium profile
Optional Al profile, if racks need to
be moved away from wall
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19” Equipment Rack – Preparing for Expansion
• Aluminium Profile can be installed to prepare for
future expansion of additional equipment rack
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19” Equipment Rack – Alignment
A.
Establish distance from wall
B.
Level rack front and adjust feet
C.
Level rack side and adjust feet
C
B
Repeat process if necessary until the rack is vertical on all sides
A
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Proprietary and Confidential
19” Equipment Rack – Extended Support
3
2
1
Level along wall and mark Aluminium Profile
position
D
Level between rack and wall to
set Aluminium Profile height
Measure and cut horizontal
standoff
Aluminium Profile can be cut to mount single
or multiple racks
Wall fixing
Used together with various other fasteners it is
easily adapted to most situations for securing
equipment racks
Rack to
Aluminium Profile
Proprietary and Confidential
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19” Equipment Rack – Installation Tip
• On many Projects (Turnkey for example) it’s common to have similar Equipment Shelter design
with equipment rack installed in a common position:
• With careful planning some work can be prepared in advance before installation begins.
Aluminium Profile:
• To avoid unnecessary hand cutting and filing at site, the
• Aluminium Profile can be pre-cut at a workshop. If cut with a circular saw or disk cutter the
finish will be clean and square.
• The logistic staff can have these packaged into kits and shipped to site with the main
equipment.
Aluminium Angle Bracket:
Typical disk cutter or
circular saw suitable for
accurate batch cutting of
Aluminium Profile
• The same approach can be applied to Aluminium Angle Brackets.
• Pre-drilling the bracket ready for pop-rivets where the wall fabric is metal sheeting.
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Proprietary and Confidential
19” Equipment Rack – Installation Tip
• When fixing to a metal/polystyrene composite wall the Aluminium Profile or Wall Mount,
Bracket can be secured by fixing the Aluminium Angles using Pop Rivets:
• Drill the Aluminium Angle bracket in 4 no. position using a Twist Drill
• Use Pop Rivet for secure fixing
Have drilling done in advance at a
workshop – generally more accurate and
reduces installation time at site
Use correct rivet length
for total metal thickness
clamped
Drill bit and
rivet have the
same diameter
Assembly Tools
Aluminium
BRACKET
Description
Power Drill with Drill Bit (same as rivet diameter)
Pop Rivet Gun
Hammer and Centre Punch
COMPOSITE WALL
Proprietary and Confidential
Quantity
1
1
1 ea.
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IF Jumper Cable
Secure pre-installed bulk head connector to
top of termination rack
IFU Jumper must pass
through cable-way at
front of rack side member
SPLIT MOUNT
Use cable tie
to provide
support
along the
length of the
jumper cable
– fix to the
rear of the
rack
Loop excess cable
down inside the
rack frame then
vertically along
the frame back
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Proprietary and Confidential
19” Equipment Rack – Earthing
Overhead Earth
Loop
Main Rack to
Overhead Earth
Loop
IFU / ODU Grounding
Rack to Termination
Bracket
Proprietary and Confidential
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Electro Static Discharge - ESD
Proprietary and Confidential
ESD – The Cost
• Advances in technology - increased component density on electronic circuit chips
• At the same time significantly decreased power requirements for circuit operation.
• The drawback is they become increasingly susceptible to impairment or destruction from the effects
of electro-static discharge (ESD)
• It is estimated that ESD costs the electronics industry several billions of dollars world wide every year
• By following simple procedures when handling electronic components many component failures with
associated costs can be avoided
Proprietary and Confidential
302
151
7/17/2017
ELECTRO STATIC DISCHARGE
• When handling electronic components wear an ESD Wristband
• People will not normally detect static discharges below 3000 volt
Electrostatic Discharge damages on
a MOS transistor Gate
Magnification: 192.000 X
Horizontal Field Width: 1.55 µm
Voltage: 10 kV
• Components may become damaged without the handler being aware
303
Proprietary and Confidential
FINALLY
• BE RESPONSIBLE – DISPOSE OF ALL WASTE MATERIALS THOUGHTFULLY !
ALWAYS CLEAN UP YOUR WORK SPACE BEFORE LEAVING SITE
Proprietary and Confidential
304
152
7/17/2017
What was discussed
✓ Equipment Rack Installation
✓ Receiving at site, Equipment presentation
✓ Transport considerations
✓ Tools required
✓ 19” Rack assembly
✓ Rack fixing: wall and floor
✓ Planning ahead for future installations
✓ Electrostatic Discharge avoiding
3
0
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
153
7/17/2017
Cables and Connectors used
Ceragon Training Services
Ceragon Installation & Commissioning Course
Proprietary and Confidential
Jan 2017
Agenda
• IF cable and connectors
• Cable Kits
• Assembly tools used
• Preparation of the connector
• Grounding with grounding kit
• Other cables and accessories used for Installation Projects
Proprietary and Confidential
308
154
7/17/2017
Typical Split Mount Arrangement
• IDU – Indoor Unit
• ODU – Outdoor Unit
ODU
• Kits used for Site Assembly:
• UWMH6506-200
• UWMH6506-100
• Two connectors to be attached at site.
• Remove surplus cable, coils of cable may apply stress on the
connector and break protection.
309
Proprietary and Confidential
Split Mount Cable Kits
• From IDU to top of the of Rack, used for being more easy to
bend connecting IDU to more rigid outside cable.
• CBL-TNC-to-NType-2.2m-Kit
• Bulkhead Jumper Cable to Tower Mounted ODU(Pre-
connectorized):
Marketing Model
IDU_ODU_CBL_RFU-C_305m
IDU_ODU_CBL_CRNT_EA_305m
Proprietary and Confidential
Marketing Description
CABLE,MATERIAL,305M RG-8/U,50 OHM,10
AWG,PE,
CABLE,MATERIAL, RGC213CCA,50
OHM,305m,CERAGON PRINTING -CRNT
Type Of Carrier
RFU-C
RFU-HP, RFUHP/SD
310
155
7/17/2017
400PTM-C / CNT 400 – Assembly Tools
Assembly Tools
Description – for Captivated Connector
Quantity
Hacksaw, Junior
1
Knife
1
Scissors
1
File, fine
1
Wire Brush, fine
1
Spanner, open jaw
2
Cleaning Cloth
item
Proprietary and Confidential
311
Connector Preparation
Proprietary and Confidential
31
2
156
7/17/2017
400PTM-C - Connector Components
E
D
C B
A
Components
Description
Code
Nut
A
Washer
B
Gasket
C
Collar
D
Body
E
313
Proprietary and Confidential
CNT 400 – IF Cable Construction for IFU / ODU
Inner Conductor
Bare Copper Clad Al
(BCCAL)
Dielectric
Aluminium foil shield
Tinned copper
braid
Polyethylene outer
jacket
Proprietary and Confidential
314
157
7/17/2017
CNT 400 – Cable Function
Transmit and receive data
between IFU and ODU units
- NEG
Provides power from the IFU
(-48VDC) to the ODU
+ POS
IFU / ODU IO-Com
315
Proprietary and Confidential
Example of Badly Prepared Connector
Braid cut too short and
not straightened
reduces contact area
and cable pull out
resistance
Connector broken
caused from over
tightening
Loss of coating through
using wrong tools for
tightening
Connector preparation will
have higher consistency by
using a Cable Stripping Tool
Proprietary and Confidential
316
158
7/17/2017
Cable Assembly Preparation (1)
Manual Method
• Square off end of cable with junior hacksaw (fine toothed)
• Using knife strip back outer-jacket 6.5mm
• Note: avoid cutting into copper braid
6.5mm
Proper cable preparation is important.
Always follow the manufacturer’s
instructions, where provided.
Before cutting the cable first straighten
out a minimum 400mm
317
Proprietary and Confidential
Cable Assembly Preparation (2)
• Using the wire brush straighten out the woven cable braid.
• Next, slide the nut (A) onto the cable.
• Followed by the washer (B) and then rubber gasket (C). Ensure the rubber gasket is correctly turned to fit the collar
C
B
A
COLLAR
GASKET
Proprietary and Confidential
318
159
7/17/2017
IF Cable Assembly Preparation (1)
Fit collar
Spread braid out using a fine wire
brush, then, using scissors, trim
braid to correct length.
Fold back braid fully over the
shoulder of the collar as shown
319
Proprietary and Confidential
IF Cable Assembly Preparation (2)
Trim back aluminium foil and
dielectric flush with braid.
Note: avoid damage to
copper coating and cutting
into centre conductor
Clean surface of inner
conductor using a none
abrasive material such as
cotton to remove any residue
remaining from the dielectric
Proprietary and Confidential
320
160
7/17/2017
Causes of Connector Damage
• Remember – before assembling the connector always check first that the inner conductor is straight
and properly prepared!
• Both of the following examples will cause damage to the captivating clip inside the main connector
body
END OF INNER
CONDUCTOR CUT
SQUARE
INNER CONDUCTOR
NOT STRAIGHT
321
Proprietary and Confidential
IF Cable Assembly Preparation (3)
Inner conductor cut
using ‘Junior
Hacksaw’ gives clean
square cut
Inner conductor cut using
‘Cable Cutter’ note
deformation to the end of
the conductor. This
requires more time and
effort to prepare and may
result with the conductor
being too short to fit the
connector.
File end of inner
conductor to a 45
deg. Chamfer
Proprietary and Confidential
322
161
7/17/2017
Prevent Arcing !
• Before final assembly of the connector, check that no material bridges across between the inner conductor and
outer braid.
• Carefully remove any metallic swarf.
• Fold back into position any stray strands of braid
• If not removed this will become a cause of arching
323
Proprietary and Confidential
Connector Assembly
Carefully push the inner
conductor into the contact clip
Maximum tightening torque
5.0-6.0 NM
Warning:
Over tightening of the nut may
cause the rubber gasket to split
When tightening, turn nut only
and avoid turning connector.
Use the correct sized spanners
Under tightening may allow water
to leak past the gasket and enter
the connector
Proprietary and Confidential
324
162
7/17/2017
400PTM-C / CNT 400 – Accessories
Accessories
Description
Code
Cable Stripping Tool
BCPT-3400
Crimping Tool
CTBC
Universal Grounding Kit
GK-SUNV
Standard Grounding Kit
GK-400
Grounding Kit Jacket Stripping Tool
JST-400
Hoisting Grip
C2SGRIP
Mini Click-On Hangars, Kit of 10
912MCLICK
Proprietary and Confidential
325
Other connectors for IF cable – angle connector
Proprietary and Confidential
326
163
7/17/2017
Angle connector preparation
Proprietary and Confidential
327
Angle connector preparation
Proprietary and Confidential
328
164
7/17/2017
Angle connector preparation
329
Proprietary and Confidential
246ft (75 meters)
CNT 400 Cable
Proprietary and Confidential
33
0
165
7/17/2017
CNT400 – Unreeling Cable
Always reel out cable – never
spool from the side of a drum or
cable coil
CABLE DRUM
CABLE COIL
Always provide protection under the cable
to prevent abrasion from rough surfaces
CABLE COIL
331
Proprietary and Confidential
Protecting the IF Connector – Evolution Radio
Make sure the vulcanized tape and PVC tape
overwrap extends right up to the ODU casing
and is hand moulded around the connector to
form a water tight joint
Fit a small cable tie at the top and
bottom of the weather kit to
prevent the PVC tape over wrap
from loosening
Self sealing vulcanized tape
weather kit should be applied
to the connector at the ODU
to make it fully water tight.
Proprietary and Confidential
The vulcanized tape must be
overwrapped with PVC tape
tied off at the top and bottom
with cable ties.
Failure to follow every detail of the
installation instructions will result
with water damage to the connector
and cable
332
166
7/17/2017
Protecting the IF Connector – RFU-C Radio
This installation uses the Angle N-type
Connector detailed in the first slides.
RFU-C provides quite tight space for the
Connector with multiple layers of PVC and
vulcanized tape.
Proprietary and Confidential
333
Self-shrinking tube example
Proprietary and Confidential
334
167
7/17/2017
CNT 400 – Cable Installation
Self sealing vulcanized tape
should be applied to the
connector at the ODU to make
it fully water tight. This is
overwrapped with PVC Tape
tied off at the top and bottom
with cable ties.
Kit Supplied
Vertical support spacing is
recommended to be
900mm for CNT400 cable,
however, actual support
spacing is normally
governed by the vertical
separation between cross
support members
provided on the tower
vertical ladder.
CROSS SUPPORT MEMBER
GOVERNS CABLE SUPPORT
SPACING
Cable support can be with
mini- click on hangers or
cable ties.
ENSURE THE CABLE
IS FULLY SUPPORTED
ALONG ITS FULL LENGTH
Min. BENDING
RADIUS 25mm (1”)
335
Proprietary and Confidential
CNT 400 – Cable Clamping
IF Cable
Alternatively cable clamps can and
should be used to securing cable in place.
Tower Cross Member
When securing cables with cable ties
the method shown here can normally
be achieved using a single tie.
This method will keep the cable straight
and provide the best support
Proprietary and Confidential
Avoid this method which is less
secure and will cause bending of
the cable
336
168
7/17/2017
Cable Grounding
33
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Components and Tools
Small Universal Grounding Kit GK-SUNV
Proprietary and Confidential
338
169
7/17/2017
Grounding Kit (1)
• Do not remove any more cable jacket than is necessary
• Avoid using a Box Cutter as these are extremely sharp and may cut through the tinned
braid
• Slide the ferrule onto the loop, then put the loop around the braid.
339
Proprietary and Confidential
Grounding Kit (2)
Slide free end of earth jumper through the
prepared loop
Proprietary and Confidential
Draw the jumper through to remove any
looseness and ensure the loop makes a good
bonded contact with the braid.
340
170
7/17/2017
Grounding Kit (3)
Tighten loop
Avoid over tightening the cable loop against the
tinned braid
Slide ferrule tight towards braid
341
Proprietary and Confidential
Grounding Kit (4)
Use the crimp tool and crimp the ferrule to the
loop
Proprietary and Confidential
The crimped ferrule will prevent the loop to
loosen
342
171
7/17/2017
Grounding Kit (5)
It is extremely important that the
weather seal prevents water entering
the joint and coming into contact with
the cable braid
Wicking
Water has the capability to creep along the
braid for many metres.
This will eventually result with corrosion and
failure of the braid and ultimately the cable
will need to be replaced
343
Proprietary and Confidential
Grounding Kit (6)
Work the vulcanized tape around the bond
position and between the CNT400 and
Ground Jumper lead, moulding carefully into
shape to eliminate any possibility of water
gaining access
Proprietary and Confidential
344
172
7/17/2017
Grounding Kit (7): insulation tape
4 layers of tape
required
Ensure 50%
overlap with each
turn of the tape
1. Start from
top
2. Up from
bottom
3. Down from
top
4. End at top of
connector
345
Proprietary and Confidential
Grounding Kit (8)
• Avoid stretching the tape tight for the final few turns as the tension will
cause the adhesive to fail.
• If needed a cable tie can be used to prevent the end of the tape detaching
should the adhesive fail.
Cable tie here
Cable tie here
Proprietary and Confidential
346
173
7/17/2017
Power Cables and Power Distribution for indoor units
34
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Power cables
• The type of power cable connectors depends on the system used.
• Some pre-connectorized options are available.
Marketing Model
Marketing Model
Power Cables for IP20C/S/E chassis
Marketing Description
Power Cables for IP20G
IDU 2.2 M DC cable
IDU 2.2 M DC cable
IDU 5 M DC cable
IDU 5 M DC cable
CABLE,OPEN END TO 2X#6 TERMINAL,5M
IDU 10 M DC cable
IDU 10 M DC cable
CABLE,OPEN END TO 2X#6 TERMINAL,10M
Marketing Model
CABLE,OPEN END TO 2X#6 TERMINAL,2.2M
CBL-PWR-DType/OE-40A-2.2m
Power Cables for IP20N chassis
CBL-PWR-DType/OE-40A-2.2m Power cable D-Type/Open-end, 40A, 2.2m
CBL-PWR-DType/OE-40A-5m
Power cable D-Type/Open-end, 40A, 5m
CBL-PWR-OE-OE-16A-2.2m
Power cable Open-end/Open-end, 16A, 2.2m
CBL-PWR-OE-OE-16A-5m
Power cable Open-end/Open-end, 16A, 5m
Proprietary and Confidential
174
7/17/2017
Power Distributions Units
PDU 2x16A_5x10A_6x10A BUS A_B
PDU 2x20A_2x8x10A BUS A_B
PDU 2X63A/10X10A/48
Marketing Model
PDU 2x16A_5x10A_6x10A BUS A_B
PDU 2x20A_2x8x10A BUS A_B
PDU 1X25A/8X6A/48
PDU 2x20A_4x10A BUS A_B _3U
PDU 3x20A_3x20A BUS A_B _3U
PDU 2X63A/10X10A/48
PDU 2x63A_4x16A_17x6A_3U
Marketing Description
3U PDU - 2x16A, 11x10A
3U PDU - 2x20A, 2x8x10A
19 inch Fuse rail Block 1*25A and 8x6A 48V
PDU 2x20A_4x10A BUS A_B _3U
PDU 3x20A_3x20A BUS A_B _3U
19 inch Fuse rail Block 2*63A and 10x10A 48V
3U PDU - 2x63A, 4x16A, 17x6A
349
Proprietary and Confidential
Installation kits and accessories
• See a list of installation kits available from Ceragon
Marketing Model
1+0-Installation-Kit
1+1-Installation-Kit
2+1-Installation-Kit
2+2-Installation-Kit
1+0-Installation-Kit-Slim
1+1-Installation-Kit-Slim
Marketing Description
KIT for installation per terminal 1+0
KIT for installation per terminal 1+1
KIT for installation per terminal 2+1
KIT for installation per terminal 2+2
KIT for installation per terminal 1+0 Slim
KIT for installation per terminal 1+1 Slim
CNT 400 Coaxial Cable
Nut, Captive for rack rail
Screw Washer Nut
Proprietary and Confidential
Cable Tie
Connector N
Ground bar
Feeder/ Cable Clamps
Marker and Marker Tie
Butyl Rubber Tape, 24 in
Grounding Cable
350
175
7/17/2017
Lightening Protection For IP-20 Platform
Marketing Model
LGHT_PRT
Marketing Description
LIGHTENING PROTECTOR KIT N-TYPE TO N-TYPE FEMALE
BOM for LGHT_PRT
One coaxial cable run (1+0) lightening accessories
Ceragon item
Description
Qty
AA-0212-0
SURGE POLYPH PRT
1
GND cable 2M 6AWG 16mm2
Coaxial mount bracket
1
NH-0027-0
N-Type connector
2
LIGHTNING PROTECTOR N
TO N-TYPE FEMALE 2GHz
Lightening arrestor AA-0212-0
GND cable GND cable 2M 6AWG 16mm2
N-Type male connector NH-0027-0
Proprietary and Confidential
351
Flexible Waveguide
• Flexible WG is used between Antenna and the ODU in a Split Mount configuration
• The waveguide specifications are dependent on the Link Frequency.
• Flextwist used for RFU-C radio (metrical)
• General Part Number: Flx-WG-XFT-YY, X- Length of flextwist(3FT, 4FT ), YY- Freq.(L6GHz,…, 42GHz)
• Flextwist used for RFU-HP, RFU-HP/SD radio (imperial):
• General Part Number: WAVEGUIDE-XX-YFT, XX- Freq.(L6GHz,…, 11GHz), Y- Length (4FT, 6FT)
Proprietary and Confidential
352
176
7/17/2017
Approved SFP for IP-20 Platform
• STM-1 SFP:
Marketing Model
SFP-STM-1-L1.1
SFP-STM-1-L1.2
SFP-STM-1-MM_1310
SFP-STM-1-S1.1
SFP-STM-1-Elec-1.0/2.3-75ohm
Marketing Description
SFP STM-1 Module Long Haul 1310nm
SFP STM-1 Module Long Haul 1550nm
SFP STM-1 Module Multi Mode 1310nm
SFP STM-1 Module Short Haul 1310nm
SFP STM-1 Module Elec, 1.0/2.3, 75ohm
SFP-STM-1-L1.1
Description
XCVR,SFP,1310nm,OC3,SM,40km,W.DDM
XCVR,SFP,1550nm,OC3,SM,80km,W.DDM
XCVR,SFP,1310nm,OC3,MM,2km,W.DDM
XCVR,SFP,1310nm,OC3,SM,15km,W.DDM
XCVR,SFP,STM1E-SFP 155Mbps 1.0/2.3
SFP-STM-1-Elec-1.0/2.3-75ohm
SFP-GE-LX-EXT-TEMP
• Ethernet SFP:
Marketing Model
SFP-GE-ZX
Marketing Description
SFP optical interface 1000Base-ZX
SFP-GE-LX-EXT-TEMP
SFP OPTICAL 1000Base-LX,EXT TEMP
SFP-GE-SX-EXT-TEMP
SFP optical interface 1000Base-SX,EXT-TE
Description
XCVR,SFP,1550nm,2.125G,SM,80km,W.DDM
XCVR,SFP,1310nm,1.25Gb,SM,10km,W.DDM,INDUSTRIAL
GRADE,SINGLE PACK KIT
XCVR,SFP,850nm,MM,1.0625 Gbit/s FC/ 1.25 GBE,
INDUSTRIAL GRADE,SINGLE PACK KIT
353
Proprietary and Confidential
Other Cables Used in IP-20 platform
• See a list of other cables available on an IP-20 Installation Project
Marketing Model
IP10-CBL-16IO-5M
IP10-CBL-16IO-10M
IP10-CBL-16IO-25M
Marketing Description
IP10 16 I/O ports cable open 5M
IP10 16 I/O ports cable open 10M
IP10 16 I/O ports cable open 25M
IP10-CBL-16IO-5M
Marketing Model
OP-SM-CBL-LC-SC-DPLX 10M
OP-SM-CBL-LC-SC-DPLX 15M
OP-SM-CBL-LC-SC-DPLX 1M
OP-SM-CBL-LC-SC-DPLX 3M
OP-SM-CBL-LC-SC-DPLX 5M
OP-SM-CBL-LC-LC-DPLX 10M
OP-SM-CBL-LC-LC-DPLX 3M
OP-MM-CBL-LC-LC-DPLX 0.5M
OP-MM-CBL-LC-LC-DPLX 3M
OP-MM-CBL-LC-LC-DPLX 6M
OP-MM-CBL-LC-SC-DPLX 10M
OP-MM-CBL-LC-SC-DPLX 2M
Marketing Description
Duplex Optic Cable LC-SC SM 10m
Duplex Optical Cable LC-SC SM 15M
Duplex Optic Cable LC-SC SM 1m
Duplex Optical Cable LC-SC SM 3M
Duplex Optic Cable LC-SC SM 5m
Duplex Optical Cable LC-LC SM 10M
Duplex Optical Cable LC-LC SM 3M
Duplex Optical Cable LC-LC MM 0.5M
Duplex Optical Cable LC-LC MM 3M
Duplex Optical Cable LC-LC MM 6M
Duplex Optical Cable LC-SC MM 10M
Duplex Optical Cable LC-SC MM 2M
For customer Interfaces
TCC redundancy cable 15P-PROT-CBL
Proprietary and Confidential
Cascading Cable RJ-45ETHCross cable
FC Connector
LC Connector
SC Connector
354
177
7/17/2017
What was discussed
✓ IF cable and connectors
✓ Cable Kits
✓ Assembly tools used
✓ Preparation of the connector
✓ Grounding with grounding kit
✓ Other cables and accessories used for Installation Projects
3
5
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
178
7/17/2017
Full indoor and split mount detailed
Ceragon Training Services
Ceragon Installation and Commissioning Course
Proprietary and Confidential
Feb 2017
Agenda
• Types of Configurations
• All indoor configurations
• RFU-HP Radio
• Evolution Radios
• Split Mount Configurations:
• RFU-HP Radio
• RFU-C Radios
• Evolution Radios
• Direct and Remote Mount Configurations
Proprietary and Confidential
358
179
7/17/2017
Ceragon System Configurations
• Full Outdoor: IP20 C/S/E configurations,
•
Mediation Devices for full outdoor.
• Full Indoor configurations:
•
•
•
1500 HP Long Haul + FibeAir IDU
3200T + FibeAir IDU
Evolution RFU + FibeAir IDU
• Split Mount configurations:
•
•
RFU-C, RFU-HP, 1500HP 1Rx or 2Rx
Evolution
• Direct Antenna Mount configurations:
•
•
Direct Mount: IP20 C/S/E with proper Mediation Device
RFU-C with proper Mediation Devices
• Remote Antenna Mount configurations:
•
•
•
RFU-C with Waveguide (flex guide)
Evolution Series + Branching Box + Waveguide (flex guide)
RFU-HP(1500) + OCB + Waveguide (flex guide)
Proprietary and Confidential
359
Full Indoor configurations
Proprietary and Confidential
36
0
180
7/17/2017
Full Indoor Configurations
Possible configurations:
RFU-HP /
1500 HP
EVOLUTION
RFU
• Evolution IP20 Long Haul
• Evolution RFU + Fibe Air IDU
• IP20 Long Haul
• RFU-HP/1500-HP + Fibe Air IDU
• IDUs: IP20 G/GxN/A
• Done with Rigid Elliptical Waveguide
Proprietary and Confidential
361
Evolution Transceiver - XCVR
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Frequency range: 4-13 GHz
Installation type – Split Mount, All indoor
Diversity – Optional IF Combining Space Diversity
Tx: <= 30 dBm
Modulation: Single Polarization & XPIC: QPSK 2048 QAM
Channel bandwidth: 7 up to 60 MHz
ACCP, ACAP and CCDP configurations
Proprietary and Confidential
362
181
7/17/2017
Branching parts used for All indoor Long Haul
363
Proprietary and Confidential
Branching layout for 8+0 system
• Single polarization, without Space diversity branching system
TX ch1/8
RX ch1/8
TX path
RX path
TX ch8/1
RX ch8/1
Proprietary and Confidential
364
182
7/17/2017
Branching layout for 8+0 system - channel arrangement
CH1
1
2
8
7
3
4
6
5
5
6
4
3
7
8
2
1
CH2
CH3
CH4
CH5
CH6
CH7
CH8
SIDE A
SIDE B
365
Proprietary and Confidential
Branching layout for 8+0 system with Space Diversity
Space
Main
Space Branching
Space
Main
Tx
Rx Space Diversity
Rx Main
Proprietary and Confidential
366
183
7/17/2017
How the branching looks
Tx filters for a 3+0 Configuration
Rx filters for a 3+0 Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
367
RFU-HP/SD & FibeAir 1500HP -1RX/2RX-SD
• Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm) in indoor or split mount installations
• Frequency range:
• 1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz, 1500HP 1RX: 11GHz, RFU-HP: 6-8GHz
• Channel Bandwidth:
• 1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 2 RX (6 and 11 GHz wide option): 40 MHz
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide option): 40 MHz
• RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 3.5-56 MHz
• QPSK – 2048 QAM, XPIC, 1+1, 2+2, N+0/1
• Diversity: IF combining 1500HP 2RX, BBS SD for all
Proprietary and Confidential
368
184
7/17/2017
All indoor with the RFU-HP
Configurations applicable for both Split-Mount or All indoor installations:
•
Unprotected and Multi-Carrier N+0: 1+0 to 8+0 – Data is transmitted through N channels, without redundancy (protection).
•
Hot Standby - 1+1 HSB, 2+2 HSB with 2 or 4 RFUs
Configurations applicable only for All Indoor configuration:
•
In 19” rack – up to 10 carriers per rack or up to 5 carriers per sub rack.
•
Compact assembly – up to 2 radio carriers in horizontal placement.
Two types of branching options are available for all indoor configurations:
Using ICBs – Vertical assembly, up to 10 carriers per rack (five carriers per sub rack)
Using OCBs – Compact horizontal assembly, up to 2 carriers per sub rack
Proprietary and Confidential
369
Branching Network
• Outdoor Circulator Block OCB
• The Tx and the Rx path circulate together to the main OCB port. When
chaining multiple OCBs, each Tx signal is chained to the OCB Rx signal
and so on (uses S-bend section).
• Indoor Circulator Block ICB
• All the Tx signals are chained together to one Tx port (at the ICC) and all
the Rx signals are chained together to one Rx port (at the ICC). The ICC
circulates all the Tx and the Rx signals to one antenna port.
Proprietary and Confidential
370
185
7/17/2017
The Internal Circulator Block – indoor use
ICB
• Each RFU is connected to one ICB, and several ICBs are
chained to each other.
• The chained ICBs carry different RF channels and are
connected to a single ICC, which sums the RF signals.
The main ICB functions include:
• Hosts the circulators and filters.
• Routes the RF signals in the correct direction, via the filters and
circulators.
• Facilitates RFU connection to the main and diversity antennas.
The ICB is a modular stand-alone unit, when system expansion
is necessary, additional ICBs will be added and chained with
the existing ICBs.
Proprietary and Confidential
3 filters:
TX (upper)
RX Main (middle)
RX Diversity (lower)
371
Split Mount Configurations
Proprietary and Confidential
186
7/17/2017
RFU-HP split mount configurations
• Unprotected and Multi-Carrier N+0: 1+0 to 8+0 – Data is transmitted through N channels, without
redundancy (protection).
• Hot Standby - 1+1 HSB, 2+2 HSB with 2 or 4 RFUs
Proprietary and Confidential
373
Outdoor Circulator Block, OCB
The OCB has the following main purposes:
• Hosts the circulators and the attached filters.
• Chain and accumulate radio signal (multiple carriers)
• Routes the RF through the filters and circulators.
• Allows RFU connection to the Main and Diversity antennas.
Proprietary and Confidential
374
187
7/17/2017
OCB components
•
RF Filters - used for specific frequency channels and Tx/Rx separation. The filters are attached to the OCB, and each
RFU contains one Rx and one Tx filter. The filters can be replaced without removing the OCB.
•
DCB (Diversity Circulator Block) - an external block which is added for IFC Space Diversity configurations. The DCB is
connected to the diversity port and can chain two OCBs.
•
Coupler Kit - used for 1+1 Hot Standby (HSB) configurations.
•
Symmetrical Coupler Kit - used for
•
•
Chaining adjacent channels (only 28/30 MHz)
1+1 Hot Standby configurations with a symmetrical loss of 3dB in each direction.
•
U Bend - connector that connects the chained DCB (Diversity Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
•
S Bend - connector that connects the chained OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) in N+1 /N+ 0 configurations.
•
Pole Mount Kit – the system that can attach up to five OCBs and the RFUs to the pole. The kit enables fast and easy
pole mount installation.
375
Proprietary and Confidential
How do they look like?
Pole Mount Kit
RF Filters
Coupler Kit
S Bend
U Bend
DCB (Diversity Circulator
Block)
Proprietary and Confidential
376
188
7/17/2017
Split mount applications 4+0
S-Bend
377
Proprietary and Confidential
Split mount applications 4+0 SD
Main Antenna
S-Bend
Space Diversity
Antenna
DCB
DCB
U-Bend
Proprietary and Confidential
378
189
7/17/2017
RFU-C Split Mount Installations
• FibeAir RFU-C or FibeAir RFU-C Premium (2kQAM)
• Standard Power Configurations (Max 24 dbm)
• 6-42 GHz
• 3.5 - 56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
• QPSK – 256 QAM or 2048 QAM(Premium), Very Compact
Configuration
Installation Type
Configuration
Power Saving Mode
Modulation
RFU-C (6 – 42 GHz)
RFU-Ce (6 – 42 GHz)
Split Mount
√
√
All-Indoor
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2
N+1
N+0 ( N>2)
SD support
Adjustable Power Consumption
QPSK to 256 QAM
512 to 2048 QAM

√


√ (BBS)

√


√


√ (BBS)

√
√
379
Proprietary and Confidential
Installation Components
• Main components involved in the installation procedures.
RFU-C
Remote Dual Pole
Remote Mount
Proprietary and Confidential
Coupler
4+0/4+4 Extender
OMT
Twist
Remote Pole Mount
Remote Mount for 4+0
380
190
7/17/2017
RFU-C Mediation Device Losses
Configuration
Interfaces
Flex wave guide
Remote Mount
antenna
1+0
Direct Mount
1+1 HSB
with asymmetrical coupler
2+0 DP (OMT)
Direct Mount
Direct Mount
2+2 HSB (OMT)
with asymmetrical coupler
Remote Mount
6-8 GHz
11 GHz
13-15
GHz
18-26
GHz
28-42 GHz
Added on remote mount
configurations
0.5
0.5
1.2
1.5
1.5
Integrated antenna
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
Main Path
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
Secondary Path
6
6
6
6
6
Integrated antenna
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Main Path
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.1
Secondary Path
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
2+0/1+1 FD SP
Integrated antenna
3.8
3.8
3.9
4
4
4+0 DP (OMT)
Remote Mount
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.4
Notes: The antenna interface is always the RFU-C interface. If other antennas are to be used, an adaptor
with a 0.1 dB loss should be considered.
Proprietary and Confidential
381
Orthogonal Mode Transducer – 2+0 XPIC
Dual Polarization
• Switch to the circular adaptor (removing the existing rectangular transition, swapping
the O-ring, and replacing on the circular transition).
• Example below
Proprietary and Confidential
382
191
7/17/2017
RFU-C direct mount configurations
• 1+0 direct mount configuration
383
Proprietary and Confidential
RFU-C Installation
Polarization is changed by switching 90°the radio
Vertical Pole
Proprietary and Confidential
Horizontal Pole
384
192
7/17/2017
RFU-C in 2+0 Single Polarization direct mount
H
V
Proprietary and Confidential
385
RFU-C in 2+0 Dual Polarization direct mount
Proprietary and Confidential
386
193
7/17/2017
RFU-C in 1+1 direct mount configuration
• 1+1 Direct Mount using single coupler
• Coupler has two physical paths, with the secondary one introducing a 6dB attenuation
H
V
Proprietary and Confidential
387
RFU-C remote mount configurations
• 1+0 remote mount configurations
Proprietary and Confidential
388
194
7/17/2017
RFU-C 1+1 in Remote Mount
For 6 GHz, only 4 screws should be
used, as shown in the pictures below.
Proprietary and Confidential
389
RFU-C 2+2 HSB in Remote Mount
Proprietary and Confidential
390
195
7/17/2017
4+0 Single Polarization in Remote Mount
Proprietary and Confidential
391
4+0 Dual Polarization in Remote Mount
Proprietary and Confidential
392
196
7/17/2017
4+4 Dual Polarization in Remote Mount
Proprietary and Confidential
393
Evolution Radios Split Mount Configurations
• The Evolution Transceiver can be used in split mount
installations
• A special branching box is used to obtain the desired
configurations.
Proprietary and Confidential
394
197
7/17/2017
Branching Parts inside the Branching Box
Proprietary and Confidential
395
Branching Block Diagrams for Evolution Radios
• 2+0 Configuration
• 4+0 Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
396
198
7/17/2017
Branching system – Single polarized 4+0
397
Proprietary and Confidential
Branching Block Diagrams for Evolution Radios
• 4+0 Dual polarization
Proprietary and Confidential
• 4+0 Space Diversity
398
199
7/17/2017
Branching System – Single Polarization 4+0 with SD
M
AI
N
S
P
A
C
E
399
Proprietary and Confidential
Branching System – Single Polarization 4+0 with SD
CH2
CH4
Top view
Space Antenna
Main Antenna
CH1
Proprietary and Confidential
CH3
400
200
7/17/2017
Weights and Mechanical Specifications
• Weight will vary with frequency and channels. Approximate
weights:
• Branching box with 4+0 Radio arrangement in the 5GHz
band will be around 60Kg, this is the max weight of this
configuration.
• Rule of Thumb - 7kg. for each radio unit with accessories.
For 3+0 system deduct 7kg, from the maximum weight.
• Total weight will reduce as frequency increases.
• 600 mm (W) x 632 mm (D) x 519 mm (H)
Proprietary and Confidential
401
What was discussed
✓Types of Configurations
✓All indoor configurations
✓ RFU-HP Radio
✓ Evolution Radios
✓Split Mount Configurations:
✓ RFU-HP Radio
✓ RFU-C Radios
✓ Evolution Radios
✓Direct and Remote Mount Configurations
Proprietary and Confidential
402
201
7/17/2017
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-20N Overview
Ceragon Training Services
CeraOS 9.0
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
202
7/17/2017
Agenda
• IP-20N Product Highlights
• Network topology with IP-20N
• IP-20N Overview
•
1U and 2U chassis
•
TCC – Traffic Control Card
•
RMC – Radio Modem Cards
•
ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Cards & TDM Line cards
•
IVM – Inventory Module
•
PDC – Power Distribution Card & Fan Module and Air Filter
•
RFU – Radio Frequency Units
• IP-20N Block Diagram
405
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20 Platform
A SINGLE platform serving ALL your wireless backhaul needs
Small Cells Access
FibeAir
2500SC JET
IP-20V
All-Outdoor
Sub 6GHz
V-Band
Proprietary and Confidential
Access
IP-20E
All-Outdoor
E-Band
1st Aggregation
IP-20S
All-Outdoor
IP-20G
Split Mount
2nd Aggregation 2nd Aggregation
Backbone
1st Aggregation
IP-20C
Multicore
IP-20GX
Extendable
6 - 42GHz
IP-20N
Modular
Backbone
IP-20LH
Long Haul
4 – 11GHz
406
203
7/17/2017
FibeAir IP-20 Platform
A SINGLE platform serving ALL your wireless backhaul needs
Shorthaul to Longhaul
Backhaul & Fronthaul
Small Cells Access
All Site Configurations
All Frequencies
Ultra High Capacity
Access
1st Aggregation
nd
1st Aggregation2 Aggregation
Backbone
2nd Aggregation
Backbone
407
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20 Product Family
IP-20E
IP-20N 1RU & 2RU
IP-20GX
IP-20S
IP-20
Platform
IP-20C
IP-20G
IP-20A= IP20N for US & NA market
IP-20LH
Proprietary and Confidential
40
8
204
7/17/2017
4
0
9
Product selection - band
Sub-6GHz
FibeAir
2000/2500
Microwave
Hybrid
All-IP
Modular
Hybrid
Multi-core
All-IP
E-Band
FibeAir
IP-20E
FibeAir
IP-20S
FibeAir
IP-20C
FibeAir
FibeAir
IP-20N
FibeAir
IP-20GX
FibeAir
IP-20G
IP-20LH
IP-20LH
Proprietary and Confidential
Product selection – technology/configuration
Microwave
FibeAir
IP-20E
FibeAir
IP-20S
All-IP
TDM / Hybrid
All Outdoor
All-Indoor/Split
mount
FibeAir
IP-20C
FibeAir
IP-20G
FibeAir
IP-20GX
Hybrid
All-IP
Modular
Hybrid
Multi-core
All-IP
FibeAir
IP-20N
Proprietary and Confidential
205
7/17/2017
FibeAir IP-20N
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-20N – High-availability aggregation node for allpacket and hybrid networks
• High capacity modular aggregation node
Hybrid
TDM-IP
• Up to 10 radio carriers
Split-mount /
All indoor
• Supporting TDM and IP
Aggregation
• 16xE1/T1, 4xGE , 1x 10GE, ch-STM-1/OC-3 interfaces
• 10GBps switching capacity
10 Carriers
• Internal full redundancy
4-42 GHz
• 1RU, 2RU options
5,7-56,60
MHz
Proprietary and Confidential
412
206
7/17/2017
FibeAir IP-20N Highlights
1RU chassis, Up to 5 RFUs
2RU chassis, Up to 10 RFUs
Full redundancy option (No SPoF)
Unified architecture with common cards
• Traffic/control card (TCC)
• Radio modem/interface cards (RMC/RIC)
o XPIC or non-XPIC
o 2048 QAM
• Same platform for SH & LH
• Standard power radios
• High power radio => 30dBm
• All-indoor / split-mount
• Line cards (LIC)
• Ethernet: LIC-X-E4-Elec./Opt (4x 1GE / 1x 10GE)
• TDM:
• LIC-T16 (16x E1/T1)
• LIC-T155(1x ch-STM-1/
• LIC-STM1/OC3-RST(1xSTM-1)
Purpose-built for aggregation nodal sites ; Ultra-high flexibility/modularity
Optimized foot-print, density, scalability & availability
Proprietary and Confidential
413
FibeAir IP-20N Highlights
Optimized nodal solution
• Multi-Carrier ABC:
•
•
•
•
•
•
1 x Up to 8+0 MC-ABC (Up to 1Gbps)
1+1/2+2 MC-ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
4 X 2+0 Multi-Carrier ABC (2RU chassis)
2 X 2+0 Multi Carrier ABC (1RU chassis)
2 X 4+0 Multi-Carrier ABC (2RU chassis)
• High Availability node, No Single Point Of Failure in 2RU
• Support for multi-operator scenarios
• High capacity, scalability and spectral efficiency, High precision, flexible packet Synchronization solution
• Best-in-class TDM migration using PWE3 (Circuit Emulation)
• Support for Ceragon’ s current and future Radio Frequency Units
• Built for supporting resilient and adaptive multi-carrier links scaling to GE capacity
• Future-proof with maximal investment protection
• Advanced Security features: payload encryption AES-256
Proprietary and Confidential
414
207
7/17/2017
FibeAir IP-20N – Carrier Ethernet Transport
Main features
• Flexible transport
• Flexible service classification
• Full E-Line, E-LAN support
• Complete SOAM(Service Operations Administration and Maintenance) and SLA assurance mechanisms
• MSTP
• Enhanced <50msec network level resiliency (G.8032)
• Advanced L2-4 security policy (Access Control List) engine
• ACM QPSK – 2048 QAM
• LIC-X-E4-Electrical / Optical (4x 1GE )
Future proof architecture for supporting
backhaul evolution to emerging services
Proprietary and Confidential
415
Network Topologies examples
Proprietary and Confidential
4
1
208
7/17/2017
FibeAir IP-20 Platform
Deliver Multi-Gbps Anywhere That It’s Needed
Microwave
60GHz
MSC/RNC/S-GW
E-Band
Macro
Macrocell
Backhaul
Fiber Aggregation
Network
Macro+
PtMP Sub 6GHz
Macro
Versatile deployment
scenarios
Aggregation
Node
Carrier Ethernet
MPLS-TP
IP/MPLS
DU
Super Size
Macro Site
RU
Aggregation
Node
Aggregation
Node
E-Band
C-RAN
Fronthaul
Macro-Site
Aggregation
60GHz
High capacity, low latency
High capacity &
interoperability
Small
Cells
DU
RU
Super Size
Macro Site
PtMP
Sub 6GHz
Small
Cells
DU
RU
Compressed CPRI
over license bands
417
Proprietary and Confidential
Network Topology Example (Tree)
FibeAir IP-20C
Compact All-Outdoor
Multi-Core
Fiber
Aggregation
Network
IP-20G
IP-20C
IP-20C
Tail/Edge Node
IP-20N 2RU
IP-20N 1RU
FibeAir IP-20N
IP-20C
IP-20S
Core
Network
1RU / 2RU Modular Chassis
IP-20S
IP-20G
FibeAir IP-20S
Compact All-Outdoor
Multi-Core
IP-20G
IP-20G
IP-20G
Aggregation Node
FibeAir IP-20G
Up to 5/10 RFUs
Full redundancy
1RU Fixed Design, Cascadable
IP-20S
Tail Node
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-20G
Tail/Edge Node
418
209
7/17/2017
FibeAir IP-20N
1 RU Modular Chassis
Network Topology Example (Ring)
IP-20G
FibeAir IP-20C
Aggregation Node
Compact All-Outdoor
Multi-Core
Up to 5 RFUs
IP-20G
IP-20N
1RU
IP-20C
IP-20N
1RU
Fiber
Aggregation
Network
IP-20C
Tail/Edge Node
IP-20N 2RU
IP-20N 1RU
Core Network
IP-20C
IP-20S
FibeAir IP-20N
IP-20S
2RU Modular Chassis
IP-20G
FibeAir IP-20S
Compact All-Outdoor
Multi-Core
IP-20G
IP-20G
IP-20G
Aggregation Node
FibeAir IP-20G
Up to 10 RFUs
Full redundancy
1RU Fixed Design, Cascadable
IP-20S
Tail Node
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-20G
Edge Node
419
Overview
Proprietary and Confidential
4
2
210
7/17/2017
FibeAir IP-20N – 2RU chassis
Fans tray
2 x Slots for
power distribution
cards (PDC)
Filter tray
(optional)
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
1
2 x Slots for
main traffic and control
cards (TCC)
50
12
11
51
10 x Universal slots for:
- Radio interface cards (RMC)
- TDM line cards (16x E1, 1x ch-STM1)
-Ethernet line cards (4x GE , 1x 10GE)*
421
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20N – 1RU chassis
Fans tray
1 x Slot for
power distribution
card (PDC)
Single or dual feed
Filter tray
(optional)
3
4
5
1
1 x Slot for
Main traffic and control
card (TCC)
Proprietary and Confidential
6
2
51
5 x Universal slots for:
- Radio interface cards (RMC, RIC)
- TDM line cards (16x E1, 1x ch-STM1)
-Ethernet line cards (4x GE , 1x 10GE)*
422
211
7/17/2017
Slots Numbering
From Bottom Left to Right and Up
3
4
5
6
1
2
51
11
12
50
7
8
9
10
3
4
5
6
1
2
51
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20N redundancy options
• Traffic/control card (TCC) redundancy option (2RU only)
• Radio modem/interface cards (RMC) redundancy
•
1+1/2+2 HSB
•
N+0 Multi-carrier ABC
• Ethernet interfaces
•
Ethernet Interface redundancy using LAG
•
On the TCC or extra slots.
• TDM interfaces
•
1x ch-STM1 card – full card and interface redundancy option (1+1 MSP)
• Power supply
•
Fully distributed power supply architecture
•
Dual power-feed
• Fan redundancy – sustained operation with single fan failure
Proprietary and Confidential
424
212
7/17/2017
Card types allowed per slot
1 RU
Slot
Allowed Card Type
Number
1
2
3-6
•
TCC
•
RMC-A, RMC-B
•
Ethernet LIC
•
Ethernet – LIC-X-E10-Opt (1x 10GbE)
•
TDM LIC
•
{Does not include LIC-STM1/OC3-RST (1 x STM1/OC-3)}
•
RMC-A, RMC-B, RMC-E
•
TDM LIC
•
{Where Multi-Carrier ABC is used, slot 3 can be unoccupied or must be
populated with an RMC, which must be part of the Multi-Carrier ABC group}
NOTE:
• 2 x GE interfaces on the TCC-B-MC
or 6 x GE interfaces on the TCC-B2
or TCC-B2-XG-MC, and 4 x GE
interfaces on the Ethernet LIC, for a
total of 6 or 10 GE interfaces per
chassis.
• When a second Ethernet LIC is
installed, two GE interfaces on the
TCC-B or TCC-B-MC are disabled,
leaving a total of 8 GE interfaces
per chassis.
425
Proprietary and Confidential
Card types allowed per slot
2 RU
Slot
Number
Allowed Card Type
1
•
TCC
2,12
•
RMC
3 - 10
11
•
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GbE)
•
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GbE)
•
Ethernet – LIC-X-E10-Opt (1x 10GbE)
•
TDM – LIC-T16 (16x E1)
•
•
TDM – LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
RMC
•
TDM – LIC-T16 (16x E1)
•
TDM – LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
•
TDM – LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
•
TCC
Proprietary and Confidential
NOTE:
When using a TCC-B2 or TCC-B2-XGMC, four GE interfaces on the TCC are
disabled, leaving a total of 10 GE
interfaces per chassis.
426
213
7/17/2017
Adjacent Pair Guidelines
Place the same type of cards in adjacent pairs, as follows:
•
•
•
•
Slots 3 and 4
Slots 5 and 6
Slots 7 and 8 (2RU only)
Slots 9 and 10 (2RU only)
Reason - for certain features, connectivity is supported in the backplane between these slot pairs.
•
E.G: 2+2 HSB SD with XPIC: user must configure the radio protection group in non-adjacent channels, e.g., slots 3 and 5 or slots 4 and 6
Reason - XPIC groups must be in adjacent slots. 2+0 XPIC configuration is not available for RMCs in slots 2 and 12. A valid
combination would be:
•
•
•
•
XPIC Group #1: Slot 3 and 4
XPIC Group #2: Slot 5 and 6
Radio Protection Group #1: Slot 3 and 5 (recommendation for leaving XPIC slots available)
Radio Protection Group #2: Slot 4 and 6 (recommendation for leaving XPIC slots available)
For TCC-B2-XG-MC (in 2.5 Gbps ) these 4 slots can only be used by RMC-B and LIC-STM1/OC3-RST cards that belong to a MC ABC
group:
•
•
1RU chassis – Slots 3, 4, 5, and 6.
2RU chassis – Slots 3, 4, 7, and 8.
427
Proprietary and Confidential
Traffic Connectivity in 2RU Chassis with TCC Redundancy
TCC Slot 11
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
Slot 10
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
TCC Slot 1
Proprietary and Confidential
Slot 12
Slot 2
SGMII to primary TCC
SGMII to back-up TCC
428
214
7/17/2017
Supported Configuration in 8.5 – 8.5.5
Configuration
Special Requirements
1+0 and 1+0 IF combining
For IF Combining Requires RMC-B and 1500HP
2+0 Single/Dual Polarization - XPIC
Requires Multi-Carrier ABC or LAG.
Configuration Instructions
1+0 Link, Quick Configuration Wizard
N(<=8)+0 Single Polarization or Dual Polarization XPIC Requires Multi-Carrier ABC or LAG.
4, 6, 8+0 IF Combining / IF combining and XPIC
Requires Multi-Carrier ABC and 1500HP.
4+0 IF Combining and XPIC
Requires Multi-Carrier ABC and 1500HP.
1+1 HSB Protection
Not on Evolution IP20 LH Systems
HSB Radio Protection
1+1 HSB Protection with BBS Space Diversity
Requires Multi-Carrier ABC
MC-ABC, Link Aggregation (LAG)
2+2 HSB Protection
Requires Multi-Carrier ABC
MC-ABC, XPIC, Link Aggregation (LAG)
2+2 HSB Protection with BBS Space Diversity
Requires Multi-Carrier ABC
MC-ABC, IF Combining
2+2 HSB Protection with XPIC
Requires Multi-Carrier ABC
MC-ABC, IF Combining, XPIC
2+2 HSB Protection with BBS Space Diversity and XPIC Requires Multi-Carrier ABC
HSB Radio Protection
2+2 HSB Protection with IF Combining and XPIC
HSB Radio Protection, MC-ABC
2 X 2+0 Multi-Carrier ABC
4 X 2+0 Multi Carrier ABC
2 X 1+1 HSB-SD
4 X 1+1 HSB-SD
2 X 4+0 Multi-Carrier ABC
Requires Multi-Carrier ABC and 1500HP
Requires TCC-B2-XG-MC, RMC-B, and Multi-Carrier
ABC
Requires TCC-B2-XG-MC, RMC-B, and Multi-Carrier
ABC
Requires TCC-B2-XG-MC, RMC-B, and Multi-Carrier
ABC
Requires TCC-B2-XG-MC, RMC-B, and Multi-Carrier
ABC
Requires TCC-B2-XG-MC, RMC-B, and Multi-Carrier
ABC
Proprietary and Confidential
HSB Radio Protection, MC-ABC
HSB Radio Protection, MC-ABC
HSB Radio Protection, MC-ABC, XPIC
NOTES:
• Multi-Carrier ABC configurations require
TCC-B-MC or TCC-B2-XG-MC, and RMCB.
• With TCC-B-MC, one Multi-Carrier ABC
group can be configured per unit with up to
8 carriers aggregated in the group.
• With TCC-B2-XG-MC, up to four MultiCarrier ABC groups can be configured per
unit.
• Multi-Carrier ABC configurations can be
combined with non-Multi-Carrier ABC
configurations in the same unit. For
example, a single IP-20N unit can support
a 4+0 Multi-Carrier ABC group and, in
addition, an N+0 or a 1+1 HSB protection
group that is not part of the Multi-Carrier
ABC group.
HSB Radio Protection, MC-ABC, XPIC
HSB Radio Protection, MC-ABC, IF
Combining, XPIC
429
Traffic Control Card - TCC
Proprietary and Confidential
43
0
215
7/17/2017
Traffic Control Card - TCC
11
Main Functions:
1
• Provides the main CPU for the IP-20N chassis
• Responsible for chassis management
• Responsible for switch aggregation
• Responsible for synchronization in the IP-20N chassis
• TCC-B & TCC-B2 – do not support MC-ABC
• TCC-B-MC & TCC-B2-XG-MC - MC-ABC configurations, HSB BBS SD support:
• 1x Up to 8+0 MC-ABC (Up to 1Gbps)
• 1+1/2+2 MC-ABC/HSB (Up to 1Gbps)
• Mixed Nx1+0/1+1 & 1x ABC (4+0)
• Network processor with 16 ports
• Switching capacity: 10 Gbps
• 6,25 Mpps (Mega packet per second) switching capacity
• Shelf control and management
• Ethernet traffic management and switching
• Clock unit
Ceragon approved SD cards
with Cera OS
Industrial Class6 1GB
Proprietary and Confidential
TCC connections
12
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
MNG
Port 1
MNG port 1
MNG Port 2
CPU
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
Radio Card
Ethernet Switch
16 ports –
10Gbps
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
Line Interface 1 Gb SGMII / 2.5 Gb
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
Ethernet Card
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
Line Interface 1 Gb SGMII / 2.5 Gb
1Gb SGMII / (2.5Gb)
Proprietary and Confidential
432
216
7/17/2017
TCC- B & TCC-B-MC - Ports Description
11
Handle
1
Combo Ports
NOTES:
When a second Ethernet LIC is
installed, the two GbE interfaces on
the TCC-B or TCC-B-MC are
disabled, leaving a total of 8 GbE
interfaces per chassis.
Serial Port
Handle
433
Proprietary and Confidential
TCC- B2 & TCC-B2-XG-MC - Ports Description
Eth
Traffic or
cascadin
g for
Hybrid
Handle
Serial Port
Traffic Card in Slot:
9
10
12
Proprietary and Confidential
11
1
Handle
NOTES:
When using a TCC-B2 or TCC-B2XG-MC, you should avoid placing
any type of traffic cards (Ethernet
LIC, TDM LIC, and RMC) in certain
slots.
If you place a traffic card in one of
these slots, some interfaces on the
TCC-B2 or TCC-B2-XGMC cannot
be used, table below.
TCC-B2/TCC-B2-XG-MC Interfaces not Available for Use:
GbE5
GbE6
Ethernet LIC in Slot 12: SFP1, SFP2, GbE3/CS3, GbE4/CS4
TDM LIC or RMC in Slot 12: GbE3/CS3 only
434
217
7/17/2017
TCC Cards – Interfaces pin out
435
Proprietary and Confidential
TCC-B vs TCC-B2 vs TCC-B-MC vs TCC-B2-XG-MC
TCC
Part No.
Ethernet Traffic Interfaces
Ethernet Management Interfaces
Sync
Interface
Ext
Alarms
Supports Multi-Carrier ABC
Type
TCC-B
24-T002-0
2 x GbE combo (optical or electrical)
interfaces
2 x FE interfaces
Yes
Yes
No
TCC-B-MC
24-T004-0
2 x GbE combo (optical or electrical)
interfaces
2 x FE interfaces
Yes
Yes
Supports single Multi-Carrier ABC group
of up to 1 Gbps (8+0)
TCC-B2
24-T001-0
2 x GbE electrical interfaces
2 x GbE optical interfaces
2 x dual mode electrical or cascading
interfaces
2 x FE interfaces, which connect to a single
RJ-45 physical connector on the front panel
Yes
Yes
No
TCC-B2-XG-MC
24-T005-1
2 x GbE electrical interfaces
2 x GbE optical interfaces
2 x Dual Mode electrical or cascading
interfaces
2 x FE interfaces, which connect to a single
RJ-45 physical connector on the front panel
Yes
Yes
• From CeraOS 8.2.5, supports single
Multi-Carrier ABC group and non MCABC on the same unit: 1 x 8+0 MCABC or 2.5Gbps
• From CeraOS 8.3.7, also supports
multiple Multi-Carrier ABC groups of
up to 1 Gbps per group.
Proprietary and Confidential
436
218
7/17/2017
Ethernet Management of TCCs
• TCC-B and TCC-B-MC contain two GbE Ethernet interfaces and two FE interfaces for management. MGMT 1 and 2.
• TCC-B2 and TCC-B2-XG-MC contain two FE management interfaces, which connect to a single RJ-45 physical
connector on the front panel (MGMT) – special 2xFE cable to be ordered for both ports.
SPL-ETH-CBL
Ethernet split cable rohs
WA-0245-0
Proprietary and Confidential
437
IP-20N - No-Single-Point-of-Failure Architecture
• IP-20N - 2RU can have 2 TCCs for TCC redundancy
• Full support Hot Switchover (HSO) is available for all TCC models. HSO takes place with
no unit reset and a minimal traffic disruption.
• TCC Redundancy & Radio redundancy, PDC, Ethernet and TDM redundancy
• In redundant mode, TCCs share configuration and status information via internal
management channels, both TCCs have access to IVM for activation key information,
MAC addresses and serial numbers.
• TCC switchover automatically or manually.
• 3 Ethernet interface protection options:
• Ethernet Line Protection Mode – external switch needed.
• Optical Splitter Mode - Y optical cable needed on both active and standby Eth Ports.
• Electrical Splitter Mod – Y electrical cable needed on both active and standby Eth Ports. (Fast Ethernet
speeds only) – PN: WA-0244-0
• Y cable used for T3 synchronization input on TCCs and Management. T4 sync is not
supported in TCC redundancy mode.
Proprietary and Confidential
438
219
7/17/2017
Radio Modem Cards - RMCs
43
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Modem Cards (RMCs)
12
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
• RMC-A
RMC A
RMC B
• Based on Ceragon’s well known SoC modem
XPIC
No
Yes
• Supports up to 256QAM with ACM
Multi-Carrier ABC
No
Yes
Yes
Modulation
256
QAM +
ACM
2048
QAM
RFU +
ACM
1024
QAM +
ACM
• Ceragon’s proprietary modem with ACM
FD and SD
Yes
Yes
Yes
• Supports up to 2048 QAM, XPIC and non XPIC (same Hardware)
IP20
communication
with IP10 across a
link
Yes
No
No
• FibeAir IP-10G & IP10 E Series support across a link
• RMC-B
• Supports Header De-Duplication
• RMC-E
RMC E
• For Evolution Transceivers
• Up to 1024 QAM with ACM
• Can include STM1-RST port
Proprietary and Confidential
220
7/17/2017
Radio Modem Cards (RMC-E)
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
• Not for slots 2 and 12
• Only Evolution IP-20 LH systems
441
Proprietary and Confidential
RMC Indicators and Connectors
12
7
3
IF Connector
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
Handle
Handle
ACT
LED
LINK
LED
RFU
LED
Color
off
ACT
LINK
RFU
No power
No power
No power
green
OK, active mode
Link OK no alarms
RFU is OK
yellow
OK, standby mode
Minor or warning alarm
Minor or warning alarm
failure
Critical or major alarm
Critical or major alarm
red
Proprietary and Confidential
442
221
7/17/2017
Ethernet Line Interface Cards – E-LICs
44
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet Line Interface Cards
LIC-XE4-Electrical
•
•
•
•
•
1 GbE combo interface
1 GbE electrical (RJ-45) interface
2 dual mode electrical/cascading
interfaces
Only in slots 2(1RU) or 2 & 12
• MDI/MDIX support
Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)
Proprietary and Confidential
LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GbE)
•
•
•
•
•
1 GbE combo interface
1 GbE optical (SFP) interface
2 dual mode optical/cascading
interfaces
Only in slots 2(1RU) or 2 & 12
• MDI/MDIX support
Cascading ports (port 3 & 4)
12
2
LIC-X-E10 (1x 10GbE)
•
•
1 10GbE optical (SFP) interface
Only in slots 2(1RU) or 2 & 12
444
222
7/17/2017
LIC-X-E4-Elec & LIC-X-E4-Opt & LIC-X-E10
12
2
Gigabit Optical Ports
Gigabit Electrical Ports
Handle
Handle
ACT
LED
Color
off
green
red
Elect LEDs
ACT
LED
SFP SFP
Slot LED
ACT
SFP
LED
Gigabit
Electrical port
Left LED for port
Right LED for port
SFP LED
No power
Interface is disabled
Interface is disabled or
the interface operates at
100BaseT mode
Cable not connected, link
not ok, interface is
disabled
OK, no alarms
the interface is enabled
and link is OK (Blinking =
traffic activity)
Interface operates at
1000BaseT mode,
Blinking means operates
at 10BaseT mode
Interface is enabled and
link is OK, blinking means
traffic activity
Card failure or hardware
failure
---------------------------
---------------------------
----------------------------
Proprietary and Confidential
445
LIC-X-E10
• LIC-X-E10 has a single 10GE optical interface.
• LIC-X-E10 requires TCC-B2-XG-MC.
• The 10GE interface on the LIC-X-E10 cannot be used as a cascading interface.
Proprietary and Confidential
446
223
7/17/2017
TDM Line Interface Cards
44
7
Proprietary and Confidential
TDM Line Interface Cards
12
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
Available TDM Line Cards
• LIC-T16 and LIC-T155 cards can be placed in any slot (no TCC or PDC)
• LIC-STM1/OC3-RST cards cannot be used in 2 or 2&12 (d. chassis)
LIC-T16 (16 x E1)
Proprietary and Confidential
LIC-T155 (1 x ch-STM-1)
LIC-STM1/OC3-RST (1 x STM-1)
448
224
7/17/2017
TDM Line Interface Cards
12
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
This card is also
available without
SYNC port
Color
off
green
red
ACT
Sync Left LED for
port
Sync Right LED for
port
E1/DS1 LED
STM1/OC3
No power
The interface is
disabled or no signal is
being received
The interface is
disabled
The interface is
disabled
The interface is
disabled
OK, no alarms
Indicates whether a valid
signal is being received
when enabled
Indicates whether the
interface is configured to
export a clock
No alarms
No alarms
Card failure or
hardware failure
---------------------------
---------------------------
Any alarms
Any alarms
Proprietary and Confidential
LIC-T16 (16xE1) Connector and Sync Interface
12
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
Proprietary and Confidential
450
225
7/17/2017
TDM LIC-T155 (1 x ch-STM-1)
12
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
2
451
Proprietary and Confidential
TDM LIC-STM-1/OC3-RST
Proprietary and Confidential
7
3
8
4
9
5
10
6
452
226
7/17/2017
Inventory Module - IVM
45
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Mandatory Cards – Inventory Module
•
•
•
•
Single card for 1RU and 2RU chassis.
2 x EEPROM on single board (function as 2 separated cards).
Installed at the back of the chassis
Holds the chassis:
• License.
• Node MAC address (48 MACs per unit).
• Serial number.
Proprietary and Confidential
454
227
7/17/2017
Inventory Module - IVM
• The IVM contains pre-programmed information that defines chassis & slots:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Module/Card types that go into the chassis, per slot
Product and card names
Internal MAC addresses
Serial number
Hardware versions
Activation keys code for activated features and capacities
• The IVM stores information in a 8 KB (64 kb) EEPROM. A 2RU IP-20N IVM contains two EEPROMs. If a
redundant TCC configuration is used, each EEPROM is dedicated to a specific TCC
IVM
EEPROM
TCC 2
Proprietary and Confidential
EEPROM
TCC 1
455
Power Distribution Card
Proprietary and Confidential
45
6
228
7/17/2017
Power Distribution Cards - PDCs
52
51
IP-20N receives a supply of -48V current via 1 or 2 Power Distribution Cards. Functions:
• Distributes power via the backplane to rest of modules
• Gets -48V signal and regulates it down for other cards.
• RFUs are powered from the PDC, via the RMC
-40  -60 V, max. 30A
457
Proprietary and Confidential
Power Distribution Cards
52
51
• LED is red for under/over powered & green for normal operation
• Reversed polarity protection + • A diode bridge in the modules prevents power spikes and unstable power from the two power sources.
• The power source must be grounded
Single/Standard Input PDC Interface
Proprietary and Confidential
Dual Input PDC Interface
458
229
7/17/2017
IP-20N 2RU Power Distribution with Redundant PDCs
-48V Input
from PDC 1
• A 2RU IP-20N can use two PDC cards for redundancy
• A diode bridge in the modules prevents power spikes and
unstable power from the two power sources
-48V Input
from PDC 2
RMC / LIC
RMC / LIC
RMC / LIC
PDC 1
TCC1
PDC 2
TCC2
FAN’s
IVM
459
Proprietary and Confidential
Power consumption specifications
Card Type/Configuration
Power (W)
TCC
RMC
LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GbE)
LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GbE)
LIC-X-E10 (1x 10GE)
LIC-T16 (16x E1)
LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
25W
17W
9W
9W
12W
17W
25W
Comments
LIC-STM1/OC3-RST (1 x STM-1) 9W
Fan – 2RU Chassis
30W max (6W typical at 25°C) Kinetic energy.
Fan – 1RU Chassis
6W max (4W typical at 25°C)
Kinetic energy.
1500HP
Max Bias: 85W
Min Bias: 72W
Mute: 29W
RFU only
6-8 GHz
RFU-HP
11 GHz
6-26 GHz
RFU-C
28-42 GHz
Proprietary and Confidential
Max Bias: 73W
Mid Bias: 48W
Min Bias: 34W
Mute: 18W
Max Bias: 74W
Min Bias: 64W
Mute: 21W
1+0: 22
1+1: 39
1+0: 26
1+1: 43
RFU only
RFU only.
RFU only.
460
230
7/17/2017
Fans Module & Air Filter
46
1
Proprietary and Confidential
Mandatory Cards – Fans
• 4 fans -48VDC inside the module, powered from the backplane, PDC
• Different module for 1RU and 2RU chassis
Proprietary and Confidential
462
231
7/17/2017
Filter Tray – optional card
• IP-20N offers a filter as optional equipment. If a filter tray is not ordered, the IP-20N chassis is delivered with a
blank filter slot cover.
Proprietary and Confidential
463
IP-20N Block diagram
Proprietary and Confidential
46
4
232
7/17/2017
Chassis Management
• IP-20N implements internal chassis
2RU Chassis – Up to 10 RMCs/LICs
1RU Chassis – Up to 5 RMCs/LICs
(Any Combination)
management via a dedicated channel
between the TCCs and each slot in the
chassis, including the PDCs and the
FAN slots.
TCC 1
TCC 2 (in 2RU
High Availability
node)
RMC-D / RMC-S / LIC
RMC-D/RMC-S
RMC-D/RMC-S
RMC or LIC
Backplane
FAN Tray
PDC (2 x PDC
option in 2RU
chassis).
Control lines for PDC and FAN Tray.
Black – TCC 1
Green – TCC 2
Proprietary and Confidential
System Backplane
Block Diagram 1RU
TDM
48V
Sync
Ethernet
MC-ABC
RMC
PDC
Framer
TCC
Sync
In/Out
Sync Unit
RFU
Interface
RFU
Framer
Modem
IF
RFU
Interface
RFU
CPU
Terminal
Power Supply
RMC
Ethernet
GE Traffic
Interfaces
(2 to 6)
IF
XPIC
Power Supply
FE Management
Interfaces (1 or 2)
Power Supply
Modem
Ethernet Services
Network
Processor
STM-1 RST
Line Card
Services
Engine
TDM Cross
Connect
STM-1 RST
Service
Native TDM
Services
STM-1 Interface
Multi-Carrier
ABC Engine
Power Supply
TDM Pseudowire
Services
E1 Line Card
TDM
Services
Processor
Framer
LIU
16 x E1
Interface
1588 OC/BC
(Optional)
PPS
ToO
Power Supply
TDM Pseudowire
Services
ch-STM-1 Line Card
TDM
Services
Processor
Framer
LIU
STM-1
Interface
1588 OC/BC
(Optional)
PPS
ToO
Power Supply
Ethernet Line Card
Ethernet Line Interface
Ethernet Line Interface
Ethernet Line Interface
Ethernet Line Interface
Power Supply
Proprietary and Confidential
466
233
7/17/2017
System Backplane
TDM
Block Diagram 2RU
48V
TCC & PDC Redundancy
Sync
Ethernet
MC-ABC
RMC
PDC 1
Framer
TCC 1
Sync
In/Out
IF
RFU
Interface
RFU
RFU
Interface
RFU
XPIC
Power Supply
FE Management
Interfaces (1 or 2)
Power Supply
Modem
Sync Unit
Framer
Modem
IF
CPU
Terminal
RMC
Ethernet
GE Traffic
Interfaces
(2 to 6)
Power Supply
Ethernet Services
Network
Processor
STM-1 RST
Line Card
Services
Engine
TDM Cross
Connect
STM-1 RST
Service
Native TDM
Services
STM-1 Interface
Multi-Carrier
ABC Engine
Power Supply
TCC 2
(Optional)
TDM Pseudowire
Services
E1 Line Card
TDM
Services
Processor
Framer
LIU
16 x E1
Interface
Power Supply
Sync
In/Out
1588 OC/BC
(Optional)
Sync Unit
PPS
ToO
Power Supply
FE Management
Interfaces (1 or 2)
CPU
Terminal
Ethernet
Ethernet Services
GE Traffic
Interfaces
(2 to 6)
TDM Pseudowire
Services
Network
Processor
Services
Engine
TDM Cross
Connect
Multi-Carrier
ABC Engine
Native TDM
Services
ch-STM-1 Line Card
TDM
Services
Processor
Framer
LIU
STM-1
Interface
1588 OC/BC
(Optional)
PPS
ToO
Power Supply
Ethernet Line Card
Ethernet Line Interface
Ethernet Line Interface
48V
PDC 2
(Optional)
Ethernet Line Interface
Ethernet Line Interface
Power Supply
Proprietary and Confidential
467
Front Panel Overview
Proprietary and Confidential
468
234
7/17/2017
What was discussed
✓ IP-20N Product Highlights
✓ Network topology with IP-20N
✓ IP-20N Overview
✓ 1U and 2U chassis
✓ TCC – Traffic Control Card
✓ RMC – Radio Modem Cards
✓ ELIC – Ethernet Line Interface Cards & TDM Line cards
✓ IVM – Inventory Module
✓ PDC – Power Distribution Card & Fan Module and Air Filter
✓ RFU – Radio Frequency Units
✓ IP-20N Block Diagram
✓ Front Panel Overview
469
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
235
7/17/2017
Radio Frequency Units
Ceragon Training Services
CeraOS 9.0
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
Agenda
• Radio Frequency units for IP-20N
• RFU Selection Guide
• RFU-C
• 1500HP / RFU – HP
• Split Mount Configuration and Branching
• New Outdoor Circulator Block OCB
• Split Mount Configurations
• Green mode
Proprietary and Confidential
472
236
7/17/2017
Radio Frequency Units: RFUs
Radio carrier functionality is provided by (RFUs)
IP-20N supports up to 10 (2RU chassis) or 5 (1RU chassis) RFUs.
RFU-C
Standard Power
• FibeAir RFU-C or FibeAir RFU-C Premium (2kQAM)
High Power
• FibeAir 1500HP
• FibeAir RFU-HP
1500HP or RFU-HP
For split-mount configuration (IDU + RFU)
•
•
•
•
All-indoor configuration (IDU+RFU inside + waveguide to antenna)
•
•
•
FibeAir RFU-C (6–42 GHz)
FibeAir 1500HP RFU-HP (6–11 GHz)
RFU-HP (6–8 GHz)
FibeAir 1500HP (6011GHz)
RFU-HP (6–8 GHz)
IDU to RFU connected by a coaxial cable RG-223 (N-type connector (male) on RFU and TNC connector on the RMC in chassis.
473
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir Radio Frequency Units
Standard Power (Max 24 dbm)
6-42 GHz
3.5 - 56Mhz Ch. Bandwidth
FibeAir RFU-C
QPSK – 256 QAM or 2048 QAM(Premium), Very Compact
Ultra High Power (Max 33 dbm) in indoor or split mount installations
Frequency range:
•
•
•
1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz
1500HP 1RX: 11GHz
RFU-HP: 6-8GHz
Channel Bandwidth:
•
•
•
•
•
1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
1500HP 2 RX (6 and 11 GHz wide option): 40 MHz
1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide option): 40 MHz
RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 3.5-56 MHz
QPSK – 2048 QAM, XPIC, 1+1, 2+2, N+0/1
Diversity: IF combining 1500HP 2RX, BBS SD for all
Proprietary and Confidential
RFU-HP/SD
FibeAir 1500HP -1RX/2RX-SD
474
237
7/17/2017
RFU Selection Guide
1500HP/RFU-HP
(6 – 11 GHz)
Character
RFU-C
(6 – 42 GHz)
RFU-Ce
(6 – 42 GHz)
Split Mount
√
√
√
All-Indoor
√


1+0/2+0/1+1/2+2
√
√
√
N+1
√


N+0 ( N>2)
√


SD support
√ (IFC, BBS)
√ (BBS)
√ (BBS)
Adjustable Power
Consumption
√


QPSK to 256 QAM
√
√
√
512 to 2048 QAM
√

√
?
Installation Type
Configuration
Power Saving Mode
Modulation
Proprietary and Confidential
475
RFU-C
Proprietary and Confidential
238
7/17/2017
RFU-C Main Features
6-42GHz
•
Standard RFU - C
• Support up to 256 QAM modulation
• RMC-A or RMC-B
•
Premium RFU - Ce
• Support up to 2048 QAM modulation
• RMC-B is required
Main Features of RFU-C:
• Frequency range => 642 GHz
• More power & Less package - Up to 26 dBm, extended distance, enhanced availability, smaller antennas
• Modulation => QPSK  2048 QAM
• Channel Bandwidth => 3.5 MHz56MHz
• Compact, lightweight form factor - Reduces installation and warehousing costs
• Supported configurations:
• 1+0 and 1+1 – direct and remote mount
• 2+0 – direct and remote mount
• 2+2 – remote mount
• 4+0 – remote mount
• Easy to install with various antenna types
Proprietary and Confidential
RFU-C Installation
Polarization is changed by switching 90° the radio
Vertical Pole
Proprietary and Confidential
Horizontal Pole
478
239
7/17/2017
Direct 1+1 mount configurations: RFU-C
• 1+1 Direct Mount using single coupler
• Coupler has two physical paths, with the secondary one introducing a 6dB attenuation
Proprietary and Confidential
479
Orthogonal Mode Transducer – 2+0 XPIC
Dual Polarization
• Switch to the circular adaptor (removing the
existing rectangular transition, swapping the Oring, and replacing on the circular transition).
• Example below
Proprietary and Confidential
480
240
7/17/2017
RFU-HP / 1500HP
48
1
Proprietary and Confidential
1500HP/RFU-HP Main Features
• 1500HP/RFU-HP product line was designed to answer the
need for a high power RF module together with IF combining
functionality and the ability to concatenate several carriers
with minimal RF branching loss.
• Frequency range:
•
•
•
1500HP 2RX: 6-11GHz
1500HP 1RX: 11GHz
RFU-HP: 6-8GHz
• Frequency source – Synthesizer
• Installation type – Split mount, All indoor, Remote mount
• Diversity
•
•
IF Combining Space Diversity for improved system gain (for 1500HP)
BBS Space Diversity (all models)
• High Transmit power  33dBm
• Configurable Modulation – QPSK – 2048 QAM
Configurable Channel Bandwidth:
• 1500HP 2RX (6-11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz): 10-30 MHz
• 1500HP 1RX (11 GHz wide): 24-40 MHz
• RFU-HP 1RX (6-8GHz): 3.5-56 MHz
• System Configurations – Non-Protected (1+0),
Protected (1+1), Space Diversity, 2+0/2+2 XPIC,
N+0, N+1
• XPIC and CCDP – Built-in XPIC (Cross
Polarization Interference Canceller) and CoChannel Dual Polarization (CCDP) feature for
double transmission capacity, and more
bandwidth efficiency
• Power Saving Mode option – Helps mw system
to detect when link conditions allow to use of
less power (for RFU-HP)
• ATPC(Automatic Tx Power Control) range  20
dB range
• RF Channel Selection – Via EMS/NMS
• NEBS – Level 3 NEBS compliance
Proprietary and Confidential
241
7/17/2017
1500HP 2RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
•
1500HP/RFU-HP product line was designed to answer the need for a high power RF module together with IF combining functionality and the ability
to concatenate several carriers with minimal RF branching loss.
TX Board
Antenna
main
OCB
VCO
350MHz
Controller and
peripherals
PreAmp
TX
chain
TX
TX
PA
DC / CTRL
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
o
r
-48V
PSU
140MHz
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
o
r
TCXO
RF LPBK
Quadplexer
FSK
IF
RX
RX
chain
combiner
LNA
Extention port
RX Main
RX
RX
chain
LNA
10M
RX Diversity
diplexer
XLO
XPIC SW
Antenna
Diversity
VCO
IF & controller Board
RX
Chassis
XPIC source
IDU
(Ntype conn.) sharing \ RSL ind.
(TNC conn.)
Proprietary and Confidential
483
1500HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
TX Board
OCB
Antenna
main
VCO
TX
350MHz
Controller and
peripherals
-48V
PSU
140MHz
TX
chain
TX
FMM
FLM
DC / CTRL
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
o
r
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
o
r
TXCO
RF LPBK
Quadplexer
FSK
IF
RX
RX
chain
LNA
RX Main
Extention port
10M
diplexer
XLO
XPIC SW
VCO
IF & controller Board
Chassis
Proprietary and Confidential
RX Board
XPIC source
IDU
(Ntype conn.) sharing \ RSL ind.
(TNC conn.)
484
242
7/17/2017
RFU-HP 1RX in 1+0 SD Configuration
OCB
Antenna
main
VCO
TX
XPIC source
sharing \ RSL
ind.
(BMA conn.)
Quadplexer
FSK
-48V
TX
RFIC
IF
Controller and
peripherals
PSU section
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
o
r
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
o
r
PreAmp
TX
chain
PA
DC / CTRL
40M
RF LPBK
IDU
(BMA conn.)
350MHz
RX
RX
chain
RX
RFIC
LNA
Extention port
140MHz
40M
diplexer
XLO
XPIC SW
VCO
PSC
TRX
Chassis
XPIC source
sharing \ RSL ind.
(TNC conn.)
485
Proprietary and Confidential
1500HP/RFU-HP Comparison Table
Feature
1500HP 2RX
1500HP 1RX
RFU-HP
Notes
Frequency
6L,6H,7,8,11GHz
Bands Support
11 GHz
6L,6H,7,8GHz
Channel
Up to 40 MHz
Spacing Support
Up to 40 MHz
Up to 56 MHz
Split-Mount
√
√
√
All are compatible with OCBs from both generations
All-Indoor
√
√
√
BBS
BBS
All are compatible with ICBs
IFC - IF Combining
BBS - Base Band Switching
√
√
√
√
√
√
Space Diversity BBS and IFC
Frequency
√
Diversity
1+0/2+0/1+1/2+
√
2
N+1
√
N+0 ( N>2)
√
√
√
High Power
√
√
√
Remote Mount
√
Antenna
√
√
Power Saving
Mode
--
√
--
Proprietary and Confidential
Power consumption changes with TX power
486
243
7/17/2017
Split Mount Configuration and Branching
48
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network
Outdoor Circulator Block OCB:
• The Tx and the Rx path circulate together to main OCB port.
• When chaining multiple OCBs, each Tx signal is chained to the
OCB Rx signal and so on (uses S-bend section).
Indoor Circulator Block ICB:
• All the Tx signals are chained together to one Tx port (at the
ICC) and all the Rx signals are chained together to one Rx port
(at the ICC).
• The ICC circulates all the Tx and the Rx signals to one antenna
port.
Proprietary and Confidential
488
244
7/17/2017
Split Mount Configuration and Branching Network
All Indoor Vertical Branching
Split Mount Branching and All Indoor Compact
Proprietary and Confidential
489
New outdoor circulating box - OCB
Proprietary and Confidential
49
0
245
7/17/2017
Outdoor Circulator Block diagrams
OCB main purposes:
1. Hosts the circulators and the attached filters.
2. Chain and accumulate radio signal ( multiple carriers )
3. Routes the RF through the filters and circulators.
4. Allows RFU connection to the Main and Diversity antennas.
Proprietary and Confidential
491
OCB Components
•
RF Filters - are used for specific frequency channels and Tx/Rx separation. The filters are attached to the OCB, and each RFU contains one Rx and one Tx
filter. In a Space Diversity using IF combining configuration, each RFU contains two Rx filters (which combine the IF signals) and one Tx filter. The filters can
be replaced without removing the OCB. The RF filter is installed with every configuration.
•
DCB - Diversity Circulator Block An external block which is added in Space Diversity configurations. DCB is connected to the diversity port and chains two
OCBs.
•
Coupler Kit is used for 1+1 Hot Standby configurations. (loss 1.6 /6dB)
•
Symmetrical Coupler Kit is used for: (loss of 3/3 dB) • When chaining adjacent channels (only 28/30 MHz) • 1+1 Hot Standby configurations with a
symmetrical loss of 3dB in each direction Note: CPLRs loss tolerance is ±0.7 dB
•
U Bend The U Bend connects the chained DCB (Diversity Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
•
S Bend The S Bend connects the chained OCB (Outdoor Circulator Block) in N+1/N+0 configurations.
•
Pole Mount Kit The Pole Mount Kit is used to fasten up to five OCBs and the RFUs to the pole. The kit enables fast and easy installation.
Proprietary and Confidential
492
246
7/17/2017
1+1 and 2+2 HSB Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
493
N+0/N+1 Configurations
Proprietary and Confidential
494
247
7/17/2017
2+0 XPIC
Proprietary and Confidential
495
Split Mount Applications
Proprietary and Confidential
496
248
7/17/2017
Split mount applications 4+0
S-Bend
497
Proprietary and Confidential
Split mount applications 4+0 SD
DCB
DCB
S-Bend
U-Bend
Proprietary and Confidential
498
249
7/17/2017
Green Mode P. Consumption Reduction RFU-HP 1Rx
49
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Green Mode - Power Consumption Reduction
• Minimal power consumption required in 99.9% of the time
• Green Mode enables:
• Reduction of consumed power by automatically reducing Tx power
• Quick increase in Tx Power in case of fading.
• No traffic impact
Power Consumption Level
Max. Tx Power
(@ 128QAM)
Power Consumption
High
31dBm
80W
Mid
27dBm
56W
Low
21dBm
41W
Automatic TX Power control for optimal power
consumption
Proprietary and Confidential
500
250
7/17/2017
Green Mode Operation (RFU-HP)
31dBm
80W
27dBm
56W
21dBm
41W
501
Proprietary and Confidential
Power Consumption VS. Monitored TSL
• The radio operates in fixed and pre-defined power-consumption states:
HIGH
Monitore
d TX
Power
31dBm
MEDIUM
LOW
27dBm
21dBm
Power
State
Consumed
power [W]
80 Watt
56 Watt
41 Watt
• Transition between power states is hitless and errorless !
Proprietary and Confidential
502
251
7/17/2017
Normal ATPC functionality
• Set “reference level”  Remote TX changes accordingly
5 dB
dB
100
15
RX: -41dBm
Reference level: -40dBm
When fading occurs, both transmitters try to
compensate for the losses by increasing
transmission power while maintaining RSL as close
as possible to the Ref. level
503
Proprietary and Confidential
Green Mode
setting the Green RSL to
50dBm doesn’t degrade fade
margin, as the mechanism will
increase TX power if necessary.
✓
Set “Green Mode”
enable
✓
Set “Green RSL”
limit [dBm]
155
10
0 dB
dB
RX: -52dBm
-37dBm
-42dBm
-47dBm
Green level: -50dBm
When fading occurs, both transmitters compare
the monitored RSL with the Green Level (Ref.). As
long as RSL> Ref. there is no need to increase the
TSL.
Proprietary and Confidential
504
252
7/17/2017
Green Mode
setting the Green RSL to
50dBm doesn’t degrade fade
margin, as the mechanism will
increase TX power if necessary.
✓
Set “Green Mode”
enable
✓
Set “Green RSL”
limit [dBm]
15 dB
RX: -50dBm
-52dBm
Green level: -50dBm
When RSL drops below the Green Ref. level, we
must increase the TSL to maintain the fade margin
and avoid low sensitivity
Proprietary and Confidential
505
What was discussed
✓ Radio Frequency units for IP-20N
✓ RFU Selection Guide
✓ RFU-C
✓ 1500HP / RFU – HP
✓ Split Mount Configuration and Branching
✓ New Outdoor Circulator Block OCB
✓ Split Mount Configurations
✓ Green mode
Proprietary and Confidential
506
253
7/17/2017
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
FibeAir IP-20N First Login
Ceragon Training Services
CeraOS 9.0
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
254
7/17/2017
Agenda
• CLI and Web login
• General commands
• Get IP address
• Set IP address
• Set to default
509
Proprietary and Confidential
Connecting to the Unit
• Command Line interface – Putty, HTerminal
 Baud rate = 115200
 Data bits: 8
• Web Graphical User Interface via browser / Telnet
LAN connection, straight crimped cable to MNGT port/s
 Parity: None
Default IP: 192.168.1.1 / Mask: 255.255.255.0
 Stop bits: 1
Username: admin
 Flow Control: None
 Login: admin
Password: admin
 Password: admin
TCC-B and TCC-BMC
2 Management
Interfaces
Proprietary and Confidential
Management
Interfaces
TCC-B2 or TCCB2-XG-MC
510
510
255
7/17/2017
General Command Line Interface use
• Press twice the TAB key for optional commands in actual directory. Use
the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax
• Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands
• Question mark to list helpful commands
• Q key to jump out from menu
511
Proprietary and Confidential
Get / Set IP address
CLI
GUI
“platform management ip show ip-address”
“platform management ip set ipv4-address <IP
Address> subnet <Mask> gateway <default gateway>”
Proprietary and Confidential
512
256
7/17/2017
Set to factory default - no IP change
CLI
GUI
“platform management set-to-default”
Confirmation Required in both ways.
No IP change after factory reset.
513
513
Proprietary and Confidential
Web Management
In-band-management
Configuration
IP version Configuration
IP settings
Proprietary and Confidential
257
7/17/2017
What was discussed
✓ CLI and Web login
✓ General commands
✓ Get IP address
✓ Set IP address
✓ Set to default
✓ Web Management
515
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
258
7/17/2017
IP-20N - Shelf Management
Ceragon Training Services
CeraOS 9.0
Proprietary and Confidential
May 2017
Agenda
• Connecting to unit
• Chassis Configuration Menu: 1RU/2RU
• Allowed Card Types
• Slot Limitations
• Adjacent Pair Guidelines
Proprietary and Confidential
518
259
7/17/2017
Connecting to the Unit
• Command Line interface – Putty, HTerminal
• Web Graphical User Interface via browser / IP
 Baud rate = 115200
Default IP: 192.168.1.1
 Data bits: 8
 Parity: None
Username: admin
 Stop bits: 1
Password: admin
 Flow Control: None
 Login: admin
 Password: admin
519
519
Proprietary and Confidential
Chassis Configuration Window
2RU
Navigation Tree
Configuration Area
Card Options – Drag& Drop
Selection Area
Proprietary and Confidential
520
260
7/17/2017
Chassis Configuration Window
1RU
Card Options – Drag& Drop
Configuration Area
Navigation Tree
Selection Area
521
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuring the chassis 1/2
1. Drag and drop required card (no multiple cards)
2. Configure dropped card (System will accept added card)
3. Edit and enable admin status – card becomes active
1
2
5
4
3
4
Proprietary and Confidential
522
261
7/17/2017
Configuring the 1RU chassis
Filter tray
(optional)
Fans tray
1 Power Distribution
Card PDC:
Single or dual feed
3
4
5
1
1 Slot for
Main traffic and control
cards (TCC)
6
2
51
5 x Universal slots for:
- Radio interface cards
(RMC)
- TDM line cards: 16xE1
1xch-STM1, 1x STM1/RST
- Ethernet line cards
(4 x 1GbE), 1 x 10GbE*
523
Proprietary and Confidential
Card Types allowed per slot – 1RU
Slot Number Allowed Card Type
1
TCC
RMC
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GbE)
2
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GbE)
Ethernet – LIC-X-E10-Opt (1x10GE)
TDM – LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM – LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
RMC
3-6
TDM – LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM – LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
NOTES:
• 2 x GE interfaces on the TCC-B-MC or
6 x GE interfaces on the TCC-B2 or
TCC-B2-XG-MC, and 4 x GE interfaces
on the Ethernet LIC, for a total of 6 or
10 GE interfaces per chassis.
• When a second Ethernet LIC is
installed, two GE interfaces on the
TCC-B or TCC-B-MC are disabled,
leaving a total of 8 GE interfaces per
chassis. When using a TCC-B2 or TCCB2-XG-MC, four GE interfaces on the
TCC are disabled, leaving a total of 10
GE interfaces per chassis.
TDM – LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
Proprietary and Confidential
524
262
7/17/2017
Configuring the 2RU Chassis
Filter tray
(optional)
Fans tray
2 x Slots for Power
Distribution Cards PDC
(Single feed)
11
51
12
7
8
9
10
3
4
5
6
1
2 x Slots for
Main traffic and control
cards (TCC)
2
51
10 x Universal slots for:
- Radio interface cards
(RMC)
- TDM line cards: 16xE1
1xch-STM1, 1x STM1/RST
- Ethernet line cards
(4 x 1GbE), 1 x 10GbE*
525
Proprietary and Confidential
Card Types allowed per slot – 2RU
Slot Number Allowed Card Type
1
TCC
2,12
RMC
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Elec (4x GbE)
Ethernet – LIC-X-E4-Opt (4x GbE)
Ethernet – LIC-X-E10-Opt (1x10GE)
TDM – LIC-T16 (16x E1)
3 - 10
TDM – LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
RMC
TDM – LIC-T16 (16x E1)
TDM – LIC-T155 (1x ch-STM-1)
11
Proprietary and Confidential
TDM – LIC-STM1/OC3-RST
TCC
526
263
7/17/2017
Slot limitations with TCC-B2 or TCC-B2-XG-MC
Traffic Card in Slot:
TCC-B2/TCC-B2-XG-MC Interfaces
NOT available for use:
9
GbE5
10
GbE6
12
Ethernet LIC in Slot 12: SFP1, SFP2, GbE3/CS3,
GbE4/CS4
TDM LIC or RMC in Slot 12: GbE3/CS3 only
Proprietary and Confidential
527
Adjacent Pair Guidelines
Proprietary and Confidential
264
7/17/2017
Adjacent Pair Guidelines
• XPIC Configurations: radios modem cards in adjacent pairs: 3&4, 5&6,7&8,9&10
• 2+2HSB: protection group in non-adjacent pairs
• 2+2 HSB with XPIC: XPIC 1 on 3&4, XPIC 2 on 5&6, Protection1 on 3&5, Protection2 on 4&6
• 2+0 XPIC not available for 2&12
• For TCC-B2-XG-MC (2.5 Gbps) only RMC-B and Lic-STM1/OC3-RST in MC-ABC: 3,4,7,8-2RU /
3,4,5,6-1RU
XPIC
12
11
51
7
8
9
10
3
4
5
6
2
1
51
529
Proprietary and Confidential
Adjacent Pair Guidelines
• If 2 Multi-Carrier ABC groups are created, and assigned the names Group 1
and Group 2, any cards in slots 3 and 4 must be assigned to a Multi-Carrier
ABC group.
• Cards do not have to be assigned to the group that corresponds to the slot. For
example, card in slot 3 can be assigned to ABC Group 2.
Proprietary and Confidential
Group Number
2RU Chassis
1RU Chassis
1
3
3
2
4
4
3
7
5
4
8
6
530
265
7/17/2017
What was discussed
✓ Connecting to unit
✓ Chassis Configuration Menu: 1RU/2RU
✓ Allowed Card Types
✓ Slot Limitations
✓ Adjacent Pair Guidelines
Proprietary and Confidential
531
Questions?
Proprietary and Confidential
532
266
7/17/2017
Thank You
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-20N Link Parameters
Ceragon Training Services
CeraOS 9.0
Proprietary and Confidential
2017
267
7/17/2017
Agenda
• Radio Link Parameters
• MRMC scripts
• MRMC configuration – IP20N
• TX and RX frequency settings
• LINK ID
• Monitoring
535
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Link Parameters
TSL
ODU
))
)
RSL
FSL
ODU
What do we need to configure for a radio link:
What do we need to monitor?
1. MRMC– Modem scripts (ACM or fixed capacity,
channel & modulation, XPIC,MIIMO)
2. TX / RX frequencies – set on every carrier in radio
1. ACM and MSE– Mean Square Error [dB] (see MSE
3. Link ID local / remote – must be the same on both
2. Monitored RSL – Actual Receive level [dBm]
ends
4. TX power or ATPC– ON / OFF – avoiding cointerferences caused by nearby antennas
3. Monitored TSL – Actual Transmission level [dBm]
Proprietary and Confidential
PPS)
4. XPI level – when XPIC is used [dB]
536
536
268
7/17/2017
Multi Rate Multi Constellation scripts – IP20N
5
3
7
Proprietary and Confidential
What is MRMC?
• MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Constellation is language between two units. Both units need to speak with
the same language (it means modulation and bandwidth must be the same).
• Frequency is the general channel(spectrum) in which they are communicating.
Proprietary and Confidential
538
269
7/17/2017
MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Constellation
1. Radio capacity is determined by Channel BW, Modulation and ACM (fixed or adaptive)
MRMC  BW + MODULATION TYPE = CAPACITY
1. ACM TX profile can be different than RX profile (different radios)
2. ACM TX profile is determined by remote RX MSE performance.
3. Remote Receiver (RX) initiates ACM profile to upgrade or downgrade
1. When MSE is improved above predefined threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to ‘upgrade’ its profile.
2. If MSE degrades below a predefined threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to “downgrade’ its profile.
Center frequency
Power level
[dBm]
MODULATION
+
BW
Channel bandwidth (MHz)
539
Proprietary and Confidential
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
• With ACM ON, the radio will select the highest capacity based on Received Signal Quality (MSE)
• When the signal quality is degraded (fading / interference) => radio goes to more robust modulation &
2048QAM
1024 QAM LFEC
1024 QAM SFEC
512 QAM
256 QAM
128 QAM
64 QAM
32 QAM
8 QAM
8 QAM
16 QAM
32 QAM
64 QAM
128 QAM
256 QAM
512 QAM
54
0
1024 QAM SFEC
Proprietary and Confidential
1024 QAM LFEC
2048QAM
High
Priority
Traffic
QPSK
16 QAM
capacity is reduced.
• When signal quality improves, the modulation is automatically increased and capacity is restored. The
capacity changes are hitless (no errors introduced).
• During reduced capacity, traffic is prioritized based on Ethernet QoS. In congestion, Ethernet traffic
with lowest priority is dropped.
540
270
7/17/2017
MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Coding Profiles
Modulation
RFU-C with RMC-A
RFU-C Premium with
RMC-B
QPSK
Profile 0
Profile 0
8QAM
Profile 1
Profile 1
16QAM
Profile 2
Profile 2
32QAM
Profile 3
Profile 3
64QAM
Profile 4
Profile 4
128QAM
Profile 5
Profile 5
256QAM (strong FEC)
Profile 6
N/A
256QAM (weak FEC)
Profile 7
Profile 6
512QAM
N/A
Profile 7
1024QAM (Strong FEC)
N/A
Profile 8
1024QAM (Light FEC)
N/A
Profile 9
2048QAM
N/A
Profile 10
Proprietary and Confidential
Each ACM script has up to 11
profiles(depending on the RMC).
Radio capacity is dictated by
channel Bandwidth
The lower the modulation the more
sensitive the receiver is:
More system gain
Bigger fade margin
At lower modulation orders the radio
link will tolerate lower RSL levels.
541
MRMC configuration – IP20N
Proprietary and Confidential
5
4
2
271
7/17/2017
Radio Settings – MRMC Configuration
2
1
3
N – normal script
X – XPIC script
Script change resets RMC, but not unit
543
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Settings – MRMC Status
Shows current ACM Profile and according
Bitrate on both channels (full duplex)
ACM profile can be different on Tx and Rx.
Proprietary and Confidential
544
272
7/17/2017
TX and RX frequency settings
5
4
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Frequency settings
H
Carrier #1
Tx(f1)
Rx(f1)
Rx(f2)
Tx(f2)
Carrier #1
L
High station means: Tx(f1) > Rx(f2)
Low station means: Tx(f2) < Rx(f2)
Proprietary and Confidential
546
273
7/17/2017
Radio Parameters settings
2
1
547
Proprietary and Confidential
Frequency settings
Current information about the link
Frequency settings for TX and RX
TX level setting
Radio muted: Mute – ON(radio off) / OFF(radio on)
RSL Connector Source – for antenna alignment
Link ID – see next slides
Adaptive TX Power admin – can increase gain of
system as modulation comes down
Proprietary and Confidential
548
274
7/17/2017
LINK ID
5
4
9
Proprietary and Confidential
LINK ID – Antenna Alignment Process
•
•
•
•
•
A radio flag called LINK ID can be used for marking links.
Both elements (A & B) in link need to use the same Link ID (1 65535).
This is useful when more links share the frequency, to avoid alignment with another antenna (F1=F1).
When “Link ID Mismatch” alarm is present, element might show misalignment.
Link ID mismatch is blocking the traffic
B linkid #101
“Link ID Mismatch”
A linkid #101
C linkid #102
D linkid #102
B101 might be getting strong interference from
C102, because C102 is misaligned (probably with
a side lobe of another antenna).
Proprietary and Confidential
550
275
7/17/2017
LINK ID Setting
Link ID – setting must be
same on both ends
Proprietary and Confidential
551
ACM with Adaptive Transmit Power
Proprietary and Confidential
5
5
276
7/17/2017
ACM with Adaptive Transmit Power
Proprietary and Confidential
Enabling Adaptive Transmit Power
Observe Tx Power Range change
after enabling Adaptive Tx Power
Proprietary and Confidential
554
277
7/17/2017
Monitoring
5
5
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Monitoring – what do we monitor?
✓ ACM and MSE– Mean Square Error [dB] (see MSE PPS)
✓ Monitored RSL – Actual Receive level [dBm]
✓ Monitored TSL – Actual Transmission level [dBm]
✓ Performance & Statistics
Proprietary and Confidential
556
278
7/17/2017
Monitoring – Radio Parameters
Current information about the link
Frequency settings for TX and RX
TX level setting
Radio muted: Mute – ON(radio off) / OFF(radio on)
RSL Connector Source – for antenna alignment
Link ID – As was mentioned in Link ID slides
Adaptive TX Power admin – can increase gain of
system as modulation comes down
557
Proprietary and Confidential
Monitoring - MRMC Status
Shows current ACM Profile and according Bitrate
on both channels (full duplex)
ACM profile can be different on Tx and Rx.
Proprietary and Confidential
558
279
7/17/2017
WHAT WAS DISCUSSED
✓ Radio Link Parameters
✓ MRMC scripts
✓ MRMC configuration – IP20E
✓ TX and RX frequency settings
✓ LINK ID
✓ Monitoring
559
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Radio Link Setup Exercise 1+0 Radio link
Site A
Site B
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Proprietary and Confidential
Add RMC to slot 3
Select MRMC script with max. capacity and ACM (2048 QAM, 56MHz), no XPIC
Setup TX and RX frequency
Setup LINK ID 10
TX Mute – OFF
Enable and setup ATPC for -50dBm.
Check RSL
Check MSE
Check actual TX and RX MRMC profile
Disable ATPC and simulate ACM behavior with variable attenuator (check MSE vs. actual MRMC Tx & Rx
Profile
560
280
7/17/2017
Thank You
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281