BECOMING A MEMBER
OF SOCIETY
Lesson #4: Socialization, Enculturation, Conformity and
Deviance
INTRODUCTION
In this lesson, you expected to explain the context,
content and consequences of socialization as
observed from real life experiences. (RUA and
Context)This lesson will discuss the development of
the self as a process that flows from a person’s
membership in various groups, which also serve as
agents of socialization and enculturation. This lesson
will also provide you the concepts of conformity and
deviance as the twin processes that flow from the
enculturation and socialization processes.
(Overview)The activities and lesson outputs must be
done individually and with honesty.
Socialization -is a process that
introduces people to social norms and
customs. This process helps individuals
function well in society, and, in turn, helps
society run smoothly. Family members,
teachers, religious leaders, and peers all
play roles in a person's socialization.
Enculturation –
refers to the process of
socialization in a particular
culture.Youngters adopt the
manners and ways of their
culture
KEY POINTS:
❖ The self is a product of social processes. It
emerges from social interactions. Interactions
taken from the forms of socialization and
enculturation
❖As we become members of society, we tend
to forget ourselves and sometimes our own
identity and we follow the norms and rules in
the society that we live in.
ACTIVITY 1- TABLE ANALYSIS: STUDY THE TABLE OF
COMPARISON BELOW THAT DISCUSSES THE CONCEPTS OF
SOCIALIZATION AND ENCULTURATION.
FORMATIVE QUESTIONS:
1. What is the difference of socialization from enculturation?
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2. What are the important key concepts in the development of one’s self
as product of socialization and enculturation?
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KEY POINTS:
❖ Socialization and enculturation are two
similar processes. Socialization refers to the
general process of culture acquisition, while
enculturation specifically refers to the
process of socialization in a particular
culture. In fact, we can say that
enculturation is a product of socialization.
DAY 2:
A common process that all
human beings undergo is
called Enculturation.
DAY 2:
Enculturation defined as both a
conscious and unconciuos
conditioning process whereby man,
as a child and adult, achieves
competence in his
culture,internalizes his culture, and
becomes thouroughly
enculturated. Anthropology Prof. E. adamson Hoebel
THROUGH ENCULTURATION:
A child learn, understand, and appreciate
behaviors, languages, norms, and values
existing in their community.
It enables him to recognize his duties,
privileges, and rights as member of the
society.
PROCESS OF ENCULTURATION:
1. Child Training
2. Education
3. habituation
PROCESS OF ENCULTURATION:
1. Child Training
Jean Piaget- Cognitive Development
He explained- a child develops into an
individual who can reason and think.
Cognitive development- is a progressive
reorganization of mental processes as a
result of biological maturation and
environmental experiences.
PROCESS OF ENCULTURATION:
2. Education- “school”
A powerful and influential institution
responsible for a child’s growth and
development.
It provides a means for students to
become functional members of the
society.
PROCESS OF ENCULTURATION:
3. Habituation- Habits are established in
fulfillment of an individual’s needs. In a
sense, habits form the culture of the
human being.
When habits of people change, their
cultures change as well.
PROCESS O SOCIALIZATION:
HUMAN BEHAVIOR that we
consider to be natural is learned
through the process of
socialization
PROCESS O SOCIALIZATION:
Freud’s Theory of
Personality Development
“id”- I want to do that
now!”
“Ego” “Maybe we can
compromise.”
“Superego” “It is not right
to do that.”
He speculated that
the mind consisted
of 3 parts that must
interrelate
appropriately for
the individual to
function well in the
society.
PROCESS O SOCIALIZATION:
2. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive
Development
The way children think changes as they
mature physically and interact with the
world around them
PROCESS O SOCIALIZATION:
PROCESS O SOCIALIZATION:
3. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral
development
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
• 1. Mead’s Theory of Social Behaviorism –
George Herbert Mead
- People develop self-images through
interactions with others.
- Self awareness and self-image is “a product of
social experience.
a. The self develop solely through social
experience.
b. Social experience consists of the exchange of
symbols(i.e. language to convey meaning)
c. Knowing other’s intentions requires imagining
the situations from their perspectives.
“putting your shoes in theirs”
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
• 1. Cooley’s Theory of the Looking Glass Self
He said, “We form our self-images through
interaction with other people.
He is interested how “significant other” helps us
shape our as individuals. ( parents,sibling,
friends/bestfriend)
It denotes a self-image that is based on how a
person thinks others see him/her.
FORMATION OF IDENTITY
•Norms
1. Folkways- conventions of everyday lives
2. Mores- norms that are acceptable in society
3. Taboos-prohibition of an action based on beliefs. Violation shall outcast in
a group.
4. Laws-norms formally inscribed by the state.
FORMATION OF IDENTITY
•Values- standards or a set of
criteria that people have in
determining specific goals and
outcomes.
THE FILIPINO VALUES SYSTEM
•Kapuwa-denotes the importance
of others in an individual’s life.
•Damdamin- emotional standard
that explains Filipino sensitivity.
-(”hiya”compassion, bashfulness)
THE FILIPINO VALUES SYSTEM
-amor propio –(self-esteem)
delicadeza
-Awa-(charity, compassion,kind
heartedness,mercy,pity,and
sincerity)
Dangal- personal honor and dignity
THE FILIPINO VALUES SYSTEM
-Dangal- personal honor and
dignity
Include pagkabahala (responsibility
and accountability)
“galang”(respect) and “utang na
loob”(debt or utang na loob)
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
• 1. Which experiences have defined you
as a person?
• 2. What are the factors that have
influenced your growth and development
as a person?Explain briefly.
• 3. Write a description of yourself in one
statement.