Cell structure to coordination exam practice
Part 1
Question 1.
Living organisms are made of cells.
(a)
Animal and plant cells have several parts. Each part has a different function.
Draw one line from each cell part to the correct function of that part.
[3 marks]
(b)
The diagram below shows a cell from a plant leaf.
Which two parts in the diagram above are not found in an animal cell? [2 marks]
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
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Question 2.
The diagrams show four types of cell, A, B, C and D.
Two of the cells are plant cells and two are animal cells.
(a)
Tick (
(i)
Which two of the cells are plant cells?
) one box.
[1 mark]
A and B
A and D
C and D
(ii)
Give one reason for your answer. [1 mark]
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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(b)
Answer the following questions about A, B, C or D. [3 marks]
(i)
Which cell, A, B, C or D, is adapted for swimming?
(ii)
Which cell, A, B, C or D, can produce glucose by photosynthesis?
(c)
Cells A, B, C and D all use oxygen.
For what process do cells use oxygen?
Draw a ring around one answer.
osmosis
photosynthesis
Question 3.
The digestive system breaks down food into small molecules.
The small molecules can be absorbed into the blood.
The diagram below shows the human digestive system.
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respiration
(a)
(i)
Which letter, A, B, C, D, E or F, shows each of the following organs? [3 marks]
Write one letter in each
box.
large intestine
small intestine
stomach
(ii)
Different organs in the digestive system have different functions.
Draw one line from each function to the organ with that function. [3 marks]
(b)
Glucose is absorbed into the blood in the small intestine.
Most of the glucose is absorbed by diffusion.
How does the glucose concentration in the blood compare to the glucose concentration in the small
intestine?
[1 mark]
Tick (✔) one box.
The concentration in the blood is higher.
The concentration in the blood is lower.
The concentration in the blood is the same.
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Question 4.
The image below shows some muscle cells from the wall of the stomach, as seen through a light
microscope.
(a)
Describe the function of muscle cells in the wall of the stomach. [2 marks]
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(b)
Figure above is highly magnified.
The scale bar in Figure above represents 0.1 mm.
Use a ruler to measure the length of the scale bar and then calculate the magnification of Figure
above.
[2 marks]
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Magnification = _______________ times
(c)
The muscle cells in Figure above contain many mitochondria.
What is the function of mitochondria? [2 marks]
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(d)
The muscle cells also contain many ribosomes. The ribosomes cannot be seen in Figure above.
(i)
What is the function of a ribosome? [1 mark]
______________________________________________________________
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(ii)
Suggest why the ribosomes cannot be seen through a light microscope. [1 marks]
______________________________________________________________
Part 2
Question 1.
The human lung has about 80 million alveoli. The diagram shows some alveoli in a human lung.
(a)
Give three features of the alveoli that allow large amounts of oxygen to enter the blood. [3 marks]
1. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(b)
(i)
Name the process by which oxygen passes from the air into the blood. [1 mark]
______________________________________________________________
(ii)
Breathing allows large amounts of oxygen to enter the blood.
Explain how breathing does this. [2 marks]
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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Question 2.
Diagram 1 shows a section through the heart.
(a)
On the diagram, name the parts labelled A, B, C and D. [ 4 marks]
(b)
Diagram 2 shows the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle.
Part of one of the blood vessels has become narrower.
(i)
Name blood vessel E. [1 mark]
______________________________________________________________
(ii)
Give one method of treating the narrowed part of blood vessel E. [1 mark]
______________________________________________________________
(iii)
Explain how the method of treatment works. [2 marks]
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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(c)
Diagram 3 shows part of the blood supply in the lungs.
(i)
Name the types of blood vessel labelled F, G and H. [3 marks]
F ____________________________________________________________
G ____________________________________________________________
H ____________________________________________________________
(ii) Give one way in which the composition of the blood in vessel F is different from the
composition of the blood in vessel H.
[1 mark]
______________________________________________________________
Part 3
Question 1.
Cells divide in a series of stages called the cell cycle. Stage 2 of the cycle is mitosis.
The diagram below shows a simplified cell cycle for a human body cell.
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(a)
(b)
Draw one line from each stage in the cell cycle to what happens during that stage. [2 marks]
Stage in the cell
cycle
What happens during that
stage
Stage 1
Nucleus divides
Stage 2
Cell divides into two
Stage 3
Copies of the DNA are made
The mass of DNA in a human body cell at the start of the cell cycle is 6 picograms.
What mass of DNA will be in each of the new cells produced by this cell division? [1 mark]
Tick one box.
3 picograms
6 picograms
9 picograms
12 picograms
(c)
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells.
Which statement about stem cells is correct?
Tick one box. [1 mark]
Animal stem cells are found in meristems
Animal stem cells divide by meiosis
Meristem cells in plants can differentiate throughout the life of
the plant
Meristem cells in plants can only differentiate into one type of
cell
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Stem cells from human embryos can differentiate into most types of human cell.
Research is being done into the use of embryonic stem cells in medical treatments.
The long-term effects of using embryonic stem cells in patients are not well understood.
In therapeutic cloning, human embryos are produced using a donated human egg cell and a cell
from the patient.
•
The embryo produced contains the same genetic information as the patient.
•
Stem cells are taken from the embryo and stimulated to divide to form cells the patient needs.
•
The embryo is then destroyed.
(d)
Suggest two advantages of therapeutic cloning. [2 marks]
1. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(e)
Suggest two disadvantages of therapeutic cloning. [2 marks]
1. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Part 4
Q1.
The diagram below shows the pathway for a simple reflex action.
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(a)
What type of neurone is neurone X? [1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
motor neurone
relay neurone
sensory neurone
(b)
There is a gap between neurone X and neurone Y.
(i)
What word is used to describe a gap between two neurones? [1 mark]
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
effector
(ii)
receptor
synapse
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. [1 mark]
a chemical.
Information passes across the gap as
an electrical impulse.
pressure.
(c)
Describe what happens to the muscle when it receives an impulse from neurone Z. How does this
reflex action help the body?
[2 marks]
What happens to the muscle ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
How this helps the body _______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Question 2.
The diagram below shows how a nerve impulse passing along a relay neurone causes an impulse
to be sent along another type of neurone, neurone X.
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(a)
What type of neurone is neurone X? [1 mark]
___________________________________________________________________
(b)
Describe how information
Use the diagram to help you.
passes
from
the
relay
neurone
to
neurone
X.
[3 marks]
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(c)
Scientists investigated the effect of two toxins on the way in which information passes across
synapses. The table below shows the results.
Toxin
Effect at the synapse
Curare
Decreases the effect of the chemical on
neurone X
Strychnine
Increases the amount of the chemical
made in the relay neurone
Describe the effect of each of the toxins on the response by muscles. [2 marks]
Curare _____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Strychnine __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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