RESOURCE AND
DEVELOPMENT
Top 30 Most Important
Questions
What can you expect from this video?
15 Objective questions
15 Subjective questions
Requirements
Notebook + Textbook
Stationery
Water bottle
Quite place to focus
OBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS
1
In which among the following states is overgrazing one of the main
CBSE 2021 Term 1
reasons for land degradation ?
A
Maharashtra
B
Punjab
C
Haryana
D
Uttar Pradesh
In which among the following states is overgrazing one of the main
CBSE 2021 Term 1
reasons for land degradation ?
A
Maharashtra
B
Punjab
C
Haryana
D
Uttar Pradesh
Overgrazing
Overgrazing can be defined
as the practice of grazing
too many livestock for too
long a period on land
unable to recover its
vegetation.
In which among the following states is overgrazing one of the main
CBSE 2021 Term 1
reasons for land degradation ?
A
Maharashtra
B
Punjab
C
Haryana
D
Uttar Pradesh
2
Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation
CBSE 2021 Term 1
in which one of the following states ?
A
Odisha
B
Tamil Nadu
C
Kerala
D
Gujarat
Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation
CBSE 2021 Term 1
in which one of the following states ?
A
Odisha
B
Tamil Nadu
C
Kerala
D
Gujarat
Deforestation
Deforestation can be defined
as the large-scale removal of
trees from forests (or other
lands) for the facilitation of
human activities.
Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation
CBSE 2021 Term 1
in which one of the following states ?
A
Odisha
B
Tamil Nadu
C
Kerala
D
Gujarat
3
The piece of land left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural
years is called __________.
A
Barren land
B
Current fallow land
C
Culturable wasteland
D
Other than current
fallow land
The piece of land left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural
years is called __________.
A
Barren land
B
Current fallow land
C
Culturable wasteland
D
Other than current
fallow land
Fallow land
A piece of land left
uncultivated for a period is
called fallow land
The piece of land left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5 agricultural
years is called __________.
A
Barren land
B
Current fallow land
C
Culturable wasteland
D
Other than current
fallow land
4
Identify the soil that ranges from red to brown in colour and saline in
nature.
CBSE 2021 Term 1
A
Red soil
B
Laterite soil
C
Arid soil
D
Alluvial soil
Identify the soil that ranges from red to brown in colour and saline in
nature.
CBSE 2021 Term 1
Soil Type
ALLUVIAL SOIL
RED SOIL
Characteristics
Fertility
•
Consists of various proportions of
clay, silt and sand.
Extremely fertile
Includes potash, phosphoric acid
and lime
•
Soil develops a reddish colour due
to diffusion of iron in crystalline and
metamorphic rocks.
Not very fertile as it is low on
nutrients and humus.
•
LATERITE SOIL
ARID SOIL
•
Deep, acidic, low on plant
nutrients,
•
Red to brown in colour
• Sandy teture
•
•
In some regions- it is rich in
humus.
In semi arid environment it is
poor in humus
Not very fertile in nature until
proper irrigation is provided.
Saline in nature
Identify the soil that ranges from red to brown in colour and saline in
nature.
CBSE 2021 Term 1
A
Red soil
B
Laterite soil
C
Arid soil
D
Alluvial soil
5
Which of the following pair is correctly matched ?
A
Alluvial soil – Gangetic plain
B
Black soil – Himalayan region
C
Arid soil – Western Ghats
D
Laterite soil – Desert Area
CBSE 2023
Which of the following pair is correctly matched ?
A
Alluvial soil – Gangetic plain
B
Black soil – Himalayan region
C
Arid soil – Western Ghats
D
Laterite soil – Desert Area
CBSE 2023
6
Which of the following pair is correctly matched ?
A
Alluvial soil – Consists of sand
and silt
B
Black soil – Salt content is high
C
Arid soil – Diffusion of iron in
crystalline
D
Laterite soil – Made up of lava
flows
CBSE 2023
Which of the following pair is correctly matched ?
A
Alluvial soil – Consists of sand
and silt
B
Black soil – Salt content is high
C
Arid soil – Diffusion of iron in
crystalline
D
Laterite soil – Made up of lava
flows
CBSE 2023
7
An Indian state was taken over by a new government. Which of the
following actions by the government will reduce land degradation?
CBSE Competency 2023
A
Getting up three new quarries for the mining
of limestone near the capital city.
B
Granting permissions for cement factories
near farmlands
C
Converting forest areas to greenhouse
horticulture
D
Create separate grazing zones for livestock
6
An Indian state was taken over by a new government. Which of the
following actions by the government will reduce land degradation?
CBSE Competency 2023
Land conservation
Land conservation is the process of
protecting natural land and returning
developed land to its natural state.
Afforestation
In mineral rich regions, the mining activities should be done keeping in
mind the appropriate environmental checks.
Proper treatment and disposal of the waste from industries
Control on overgrazing
An Indian state was taken over by a new government. Which of the
following actions by the government will reduce land degradation?
CBSE Competency 2023
A
Getting up three new quarries for the mining
of limestone near the capital city.
B
Granting permissions for cement factories
near farmlands
C
Converting forest areas to greenhouse
horticulture
D
Create separate grazing zones for livestock
8
The forest cover in India as of December 2019 is nearly 25%. In the past decade, the
government has tried meet the target of increasing forest cover to 33%.
Although there have been efforts to increase the forest cover in the past few years,
forests are not thriving as they used to. What could be the reason this?
CBSE Competency 2023
A
Soil erosion and low soil quality
B
Lack of irrigation around forests
C
Low quality of seeds and saplings
D
Cultivating food grains within
forest areas
The forest cover in India as of December 2019 is nearly 25%. In the past decade, the
government has tried meet the target of increasing forest cover to 33%.
Although there have been efforts to increase the forest cover in the past few years,
forests are not thriving as they used to. What could be the reason this?
CBSE Competency 2023
Deforestation
Deforestation can be defined as
the large-scale removal of trees
from forests (or other lands) for
the facilitation of human activities.
The forest cover in India as of December 2019 is nearly 25%. In the past decade, the
government has tried meet the target of increasing forest cover to 33%.
Although there have been efforts to increase the forest cover in the past few years,
forests are not thriving as they used to. What could be the reason this?
CBSE Competency 2023
A
Soil erosion and low soil quality
B
Lack of irrigation around forests
C
Low quality of seeds and saplings
D
Cultivating food grains within
forest areas
9
Historically, colonizing countries took advantage of India’s rich resources to gain
supremacy. Why was India not able to resist the exploitation of her resources?
CBSE Competency 2023
A
Due to lack of use for products derived from
natural resources
B
Due to the colonizing countries’ superior
technology
C
Due to lack of awareness about India’s
resources
D
Due to over-utilization of resources
Historically, colonizing countries took advantage of India’s rich resources to gain
supremacy. Why was India not able to resist the exploitation of her resources?
CBSE Competency 2023
Resources
Everything available in our environment which can be used
to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible,
economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be
termed as ‘Resource’
Yet
underdeveloped
Resources available
Absence of technology and
strong institution in Africa
Historically, colonizing countries took advantage of India’s rich resources to gain
supremacy. Why was India not able to resist the exploitation of her resources?
CBSE Competency 2023
A
Due to lack of use for products derived from
natural resources
B
Due to the colonizing countries’ superior
technology
C
Due to lack of awareness about India’s
resources
D
Due to over-utilization of resources
10
The inequitable distribution of access to resources has disrupted world peace by
dividing the society into ________.
CBSE Competency 2023
A
The haves and the have nots
B
The environmentalists and the
exploiters
C
Resource rich and resource poor
regions
D
The climate change believers
and climate change deniers
The inequitable distribution of access to resources has disrupted world peace by
dividing the society into ________.
CBSE Competency 2023
A
The haves and the have nots
B
The environmentalists and the
exploiters
C
Resource rich and resource
poor regions
D
The climate change believers
and climate change deniers
Accumulation of resources
in few hands ⇒ divides the
society into two segments
i.e. rich and poor
Increase in the
Rate of depletion
of resources
The inequitable distribution of access to resources has disrupted world peace by
dividing the society into ________.
CBSE Competency 2023
A
The haves and the have nots
B
The environmentalists and the
exploiters
C
Resource rich and resource poor
regions
D
The climate change believers
and climate change deniers
11
Assertion (A): Soil formation and erosion go hand in hand but sometimes this
balance is disrupted by human activities.
Reason (R): The formation of soil takes millions of years while soil erosion takes
CBSE Competency 2023
much less time
A
A is true but R is false
B
A is false but R is true
C
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
D
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
11
Assertion (A): Soil formation and erosion go hand in hand but sometimes this
balance is disrupted by human activities. TRUE
Reason (R): The formation of soil takes millions of years while soil erosion takes
CBSE Competency 2023
much less time TRUE
A
A is true but R is false
B
A is false but R is true
C
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
D
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
11
Assertion (A): Soil formation and erosion go hand in hand but sometimes this
balance is disrupted by human activities. TRUE WHY?
Reason (R): The formation of soil takes millions of years while soil erosion takes
CBSE Competency 2023
much less time TRUE
C
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
D
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
11
Assertion (A): Soil formation and erosion go hand in hand but sometimes this
balance is disrupted by human activities.
Reason (R): The formation of soil takes millions of years while soil erosion takes
CBSE Competency 2023
much less time
A
A is true but R is false
B
A is false but R is true
C
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
D
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
12
Assertion (A): The availability of resources is not the only necessary condition for
the development of any region.
Reason (R): Not only availability of resources but also corresponding change in
technology is necessary for the development of any region
A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
B
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
C
A is true and R is false
D
A is false and R is true
Assertion (A): The availability of resources is not the only necessary condition for
the development of any region.
Reason (R): Not only availability of resources but also corresponding change in
technology is necessary for the development of any region
A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
B
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
C
A is true and R is false
D
A is false and R is true
13
Assertion (A): Resource planning is an easy process in India.
Reason (R): The three steps is resource planning include identification, planning
a structure and matching the plans to overall national development goals
A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
B
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
C
A is true and R is false
D
A is false and R is true
Assertion (A): Resource planning is an easy process in India.
Reason (R): The three steps is resource planning include identification, planning
a structure and matching the plans to overall national development goals
A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
B
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
C
A is true and R is false
D
A is false and R is true
14
Assertion (A): The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep
channels as gullies.
Reason (R): Terrace cultivation does not restrict erosion
A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
B
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
C
A is true and R is false
D
A is false and R is true
Assertion (A): The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep
channels as gullies.
Reason (R): Terrace cultivation does not restrict erosion
A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation for A
B
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct
explanation for A
C
A is true and R is false
D
A is false and R is true
15
“M” gave his friend clues about a type of soil that suits for growing cotton. Which of
the following clues provided by "M" would be most useful in identifying the ideal
type of soil?
Clues:
i.
It is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.
ii. It turns yellow when it is hydrated.
iii. It is rich in kankur and bhangar nodules.
iv. It is a well-drained loamy soil.
CBSE SQP 2023-24
A
Clue i
B
Clue I and iii
C
Clue I and iv
D
Clue iv
“M” gave his friend clues about a type of soil that suits for growing cotton. Which of
the following clues provided by "M" would be most useful in identifying the ideal
type of soil?
Clues:
i.
It is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.
ii. It turns yellow when it is hydrated.
iii. It is rich in kankur and bhangar nodules.
iv. It is a well-drained loamy soil.
CBSE SQP 2023-24
A
Clue i
B
Clue I and iii
C
Clue I and iv
D
Clue iv
Black soil
These soils are black in
colour and are also known
as regur soils. Black soil is
ideal for growing cotton
and is also known as black
cotton soil.
“M” gave his friend clues about a type of soil that suits for growing cotton. Which of
the following clues provided by "M" would be most useful in identifying the ideal
type of soil?
Clues:
i.
It is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.
ii. It turns yellow when it is hydrated.
iii. It is rich in kankur and bhangar nodules.
iv. It is a well-drained loamy soil.
CBSE SQP 2023-24
A
Clue i
B
Clue I and iii
C
Clue I and iv
D
Clue iv
SUBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS
16
“ Resource planning is a complex process”. Justify the statement with arguments.
CBSE 2020
[ 3 marks ]
“ Resource planning is a complex process”. Justify the statement with arguments.
CBSE 2020
[ 3 marks ]
Resource planning is a process which involves
1
2
3
Resource Identification of resources across
the regions of the country
Developing a planning structure which
makes use of appropriate technology,
skill and institutional set up for
implementing resource development
plans
Matching the resource development
plans with overall national
development plans.
Resource planning is a complex process which involves the following steps
(i) It involves identification and taking stock of the resources across different
regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping and performing
qualitative and quantitative analysis of resources.
(i) It involves planning and identifying different technologies and skills that
are necessary to utilise resources.
(ii) Maintaining the resource development plans to the overall national
development plans for the betterment of the country.
17
Why is it essential to have resource planning? Explain giving any three reasons.
CBSE 2020
[ 3 marks ]
Why is it essential to have resource planning? Explain giving any three reasons.
CBSE 2020
Importance of Resource planning:
1
Judicious use of resources
2
Unequal distribution of resources
3
Reduce wastage
[ 3 marks ]
• Resource planning is extremely essential for the judicious use of resources.
• It is essential especially in a country like India where the distribution of resources are unequal.
For example(i) Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural
development.
(ii) The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water
resources
• Strategic planning will help reduce wastage of resources and take care of the requirements of the future
generations.
18
A river valley in India is being developed into a hydroelectric power plant. State
the three steps of resource planning to achieve this.
CBSE Competency 2023
[ 3 marks ]
A river valley in India is being developed into a hydroelectric power plant. State
the three steps of resource planning to achieve this.
CBSE Competency 2023
[ 3 marks ]
Resource planning is a process which involves
1
2
3
Resource Identification of resources across
the regions of the country
Developing a planning structure which
makes use of appropriate technology,
skill and institutional set up for
implementing resource development
plans
Matching the resource development
plans with overall national
development plans.
The three steps of resource planning involved in developing a hydroelectric plant in
India is as followed :
i)
Identify and estimate how much energy can be produced by measuring the water
resource qualitatively and quantitatively.
ii) Plan the development of infrastructure for the power plant, employ people with
appropriate skills for effective planning
iii) Match the electricity generation to the overall electricity development plan across the
country.
19
Discuss anthropogenic factors of land degradation.
CBSE 2019
[ 3 marks ]
Discuss anthropogenic factors of land degradation.
CBSE 2019
[ 3 marks ]
Anthropogenic factors
Scientists use the word “anthropogenic”
in referring to environmental change
caused or influenced by people, either
directly or indirectly.
Discuss anthropogenic factors of land degradation.
CBSE 2019
[ 3 marks ]
Land Degradation: Causes
Reckless use of land by humans has led to land degradation.
Reasons for degradation
Overirrigation
Mining
Overgrazing
Industry
The anthropogenic factors that are responsible for land degradation are as
follows:
• Deforestation due to mining activities in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya
Pradesh have caused severe land degradation.
• Mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite for
soapstone industries generates huge quantities of dust. This affects the process
of infiltration of water into the soil.
• In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation.
• Over irrigation in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh is responsible for land
degradation due to water logging.
20
Describe any three features of alluvial soil found in India.
CBSE 2019
[ 3 marks ]
Alluvial Soil
Formation: Through deposition
of sediments by the rivers
Largest soil group in India
Very fertile ➔ High population
density in areas covered by
alluvial soil
Mostly found in Indo-Gangetic
plains and coastal plains
Crops grown: Paddy,
wheat, sugarcane, cotton, jute,
potato, and vegetables
LEGEND
Alluvial soil
Some of the characteristics of alluvial soil are as follows:
•
•
•
•
They are mainly found spread across the entire northern plains and
parts of the eastern coastal areas.
It consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
It is extremely fertile as it contains adequate proportion of potash,
phosphoric acid and lime
Wheat, paddy and sugarcane are some examples of crops grown in
alluvial soil.
21
Describe any three features of black soil found in India.
CBSE 2019
[ 3 marks ]
Black Soil
Also known as Regur soil
Mainly found in the central part
of peninsular India
Formed by weathering of
igneous rocks (basalt)
Major crops grown: Cotton, wheat,
jowar, sunflower, tobacco
LEGEND
Black soil
Some of the characteristics of black soil are as follows:
•
•
•
•
They are also commonly called as regur soil or black cotton soil.
It is vastly spread across the plateau area of Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Chattisgarh and Karnataka.
It consists of fine clayey material and is well known for its high
moisture holding capacity.
It is rich in nutrients like magnesium, potash, calcium carbonate and
lime.
22
Compare the diagrams given below and find out land use category which had
the highest increase during the period 1960-61 and 2014-15 and the category
which has the highest decrease during the period. Give one major reason for
each.
[ 3 marks ]
Compare the diagrams given below and find out land use category which had
the highest increase during the period 1960-61 and 2014-15 and the category
which has the highest decrease during the period. Give one major reason for
each.
[ 3 marks ]
•
•
•
•
The highest increase was in forest cover which was 18.11% in 1960-61 to
23.3% in 2014-15.
This increase was due to the efforts taken by the government for
conservation of forest area, but still, it is under the outline of 33% set in
the National Forest Policy.
The highest decrease was in barren and unculturable wasteland, which
was 18.11% in 1960-61 and is 5.5% in 2014-15.
This decrease was due to rise in area under non-agricultural uses, due
to urbanization, development of infrastructure etc.
23
Examine the major problems caused by indiscriminate use of resources.
[ 3 marks ]
Examine the major problems caused by indiscriminate use of resources.
[ 3 marks ]
Indiscriminate use of resources lead to
Increase in
the Rate of
depletion of
resources
Accumulation of
resources in few hands
⇒ divides the society
into two segments i.e.
rich and poor
Ecological damage
⇒ global warming,
ozone layer
depletion,
environmental
pollution and land
degradation
Human beings have used resources indiscriminately, leading to the
following major problems:
•
•
•
Excessive use of resources have depleted their stock throughout the
world.
Resources have accumulated in the hands of few, which has divided the
society into two segments- rich and poor.
Exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as
global warming, ozone layer depletion, land degradation etc.
24
“ It is surely our responsibility to do everything within our power to create a planet
that provides a home not just for us, but for all life on Earth.” – Sir David
Attenborough
(a) What is meant by the above quote? Explain in 2 points.
(b) How does this quote align with sustainable development?
[ 3 marks ]
(a)
•
•
It is our responsibility to conserve the Earth’s resources.
We must conserve resources, not us for us humans but for all living
organisms.
(b) This quote talks about creating a planet that does not compromise the
needs of life on Earth. This is on the lines of sustainable development
without harming the environment and in a way that does not compromise
the needs of the future generation.
Read the passage below and answer the following questions:
This is the most widely spread and important soil. In fact, the entire northern plains
are made of alluvial soil. These have been deposited by three important Himalayan
river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These soils also extend
in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. Alluvial soil is also found in the
eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the
Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
[ 4 marks ]
25
Read the passage below and answer the following questions:
This is the most widely spread and important soil. In fact, the entire northern plains
are made of alluvial soil. These have been deposited by three important Himalayan
river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These soils also extend
in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. Alluvial soil is also found in the
eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the
Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
[ 4 marks ]
(a) Why alluvial soil is considered the most important soil?
A
Because it is very fertile
B
Because it is ideal to grow
cotton
C
Because it has fine particles
D
Because it needs no fertilisers
26
Read the passage below and answer the following questions:
This is the most widely spread and important soil. In fact, the entire northern plains
are made of alluvial soil. These have been deposited by three important Himalayan
river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These soils also extend
in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. Alluvial soil is also found in the
eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the
Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
[ 4 marks ]
(b) Alluvial soil is ideal for the growth of which of the following crops?
A
Sugarcane
B
Wheat
C
Pulse crops
D
All of the above
27
Read the passage below and answer the following questions:
This is the most widely spread and important soil. In fact, the entire northern plains
are made of alluvial soil. These have been deposited by three important Himalayan
river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These soils also extend
in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. Alluvial soil is also found in the
eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the
Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
[ 4 marks ]
(c) Regions of alluvial soil are ______
A
Over cultivated
B
Densely populated
C
Intensively cultivated, densely
populated
D
Less cultivated and densely
populated
28
Read the passage below and answer the following questions:
This is the most widely spread and important soil. In fact, the entire northern plains
are made of alluvial soil. These have been deposited by three important Himalayan
river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These soils also extend
in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. Alluvial soil is also found in the
eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the
Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
[ 4 marks ]
(c) Which of the following particles does the alluvial soil consist of ?
A
Sand
B
Sand, silt and clay
C
Sand, silt
D
Kanker
28
Read the passage below and answer the following questions:
This is the most widely spread and important soil. In fact, the entire northern plains
are made of alluvial soil. These have been deposited by three important Himalayan
river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These soils also extend
in Rajasthan and Gujarat through a narrow corridor. Alluvial soil is also found in the
eastern coastal plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the
Krishna and the Kaveri rivers.
[ 4 marks ]
(c) Which of the following particles does the alluvial soil consist of ?
A
Sand
B
Sand, silt and clay
C
Sand, silt
D
Kanker
29
“Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state
boundaries.” Support this statement with examples.
CBSE 2019
[ 5 marks ]
Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries and
it affects all countries of the world equally.
(i) Land degradation affects agriculturally productivity that in turn affects food crops. Due
to international trade, these crops reach different places, thus affecting everyone.
(ii) Addition of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase temperature that causes global
warming
(iii) Addition of chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere depletes the ozone layer that affects
everyone.
(iv) Polluted water in rivers makes the sea and oceans polluted
(v) Polluted air near the industries pollutes the entire atmosphere.
30
What is regur soil? Write its two features. Mention any two regions where they are
found.
[ 5 marks ]
Black Soil
Also known as Regur soil
Mainly found in the central part
of peninsular India
Formed by weathering of
igneous rocks (basalt)
Major crops grown: Cotton, wheat,
jowar, sunflower, tobacco
LEGEND
Black soil
• These soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soils.
• Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil.
• The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material. They are
well-known for their capacity to hold moisture.
• In addition, they are rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate,
magnesium, potash and lime.
• They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya
Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and extend in the south east direction along the
Godavari and the Krishna valleys.
Give two examples of states where over
irrigation is the cause of land degradation.
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