2121 Century
CenturySkills
Skillsand ICT
Integration in Instruction
and Assessment
st st
LAC Session
What comes into you mind when you hear
“21
Century Skills
Skills”?
21stst Century
• It is generally used to refer to certain core
competencies such as collaboration, digital
literacy, critical thinking and problem solving
that advocates believe schools need to
teach to help students thrive in today’s
world. -Elizabeth Rich
Learning Theories
• Learning theories have been developed based on perceptions and beliefs regarding how
humans learn.
• Theories – particularly behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivism – have provided the
main influences in learning for a number of decades. Their contributions to education
have been significant, and effects of their influence are still prevalent or widely accepted.
• However, in conforming to twenty-first century educational standards, other learning
theories need to be examined to support the type of learning that is advocated.
• Learning in the twenty-first century involves the learner in a more active and rigorous
way. New models and theories emerge alongside some traditional ones. Among the
strong traditional theories that are relevant in this study are cognitivism, constructivism,
reflectivism, and connectivism, as there are elements in these theories that support the
teaching and learning principles.
Cognitivism
• It is credited to Jean Piaget
• It is based on the thinking process underlying a behavior.
Humans process the information they receive, rather than
merely responding to stimuli.
• Cognitive information processing is used when the learner is
actively involved in finding ways to understand and process
information that he or she receives and relate it to what is
already known and stored in the memory.
• In the classroom, this theory is applied when the learner
engages in activities such as discussion and problem solving.
Constructivism
• Vygotsky
• Social interaction and social context are essential for cognitive
development
• It is based on the belief that learner work to create, interpret,
and reorganize knowledge.
• Learners participate actively to reconcile the information they
receive in the classroom with their existing knowledge, within
the cultural and social context in which the ideas occur.
Reflectivism
• It is not totally different from constructivism.
• It is also embedder in constructivism
• It extend constructivism a bit further.
• Reflection refers to a process in which past experience is recalled
and all information regarding the situation is considered and
evaluated in order to arrive at a decision.
• Constructivism deals more with learning, while reflectivism is
more about teaching. Through inquiry, reflectivism brings about
flexibility in teaching by helping the teacher examine the
successes and failures in facilitating the learner’s knowledge
construction.
Connectivism
• The cognitive, constructive and reflective theories deal with processes within the
individual that promote learning. These theories do not deal with learning that
occurs outside the individual, that is, learning that is affected by technology.
• Learners need to form connections between sources of information and create
useful information patterns in order to learn.
• The learner not only uses internal networks (the mind) but also external
networks (e.g. the internet) to obtain information.
• An increase in the ability to communicate and collaborate has occurred with the
emergence of new information and communication technologies. Learners are
involved in active learning, looking for information and collaborating through
networking.
Integration of Theories
• The 21st century advocates the importance of deep meaning rather
than surface meaning.
• Teachers have a crucial role to play in facilitating a teaching and
learning programme that progresses from surface learning to deep
learning.
• Surface learning involves recalling of information while deep learning
require learners to relate or extend ideas, to form judgments and
think critically.
• Hence deep learning enables the learners to construct knowledge by
adding new information to existing knowledge. Deep learning is
further enhanced through technology.
The use of ICT is imperative in acquiring 21 st
Century skills
• The theories presented in this section offer teachers choices in their
instructional strategies. They can subscribe to one theory strictly or
combine elements from various theories.
• The choice of the latter would definitely enhance their teaching.
• All the theories discussed in this section have common elements such
as collaboration, problem solving and critical thinking. The use of
these theories will enable teachers to develop better instructional
strategies to engender deep learning by the students. Teachers thus
need to develop deep understanding of the concepts underlying
these theories to foster deep and active learning.
What should teachers do to create leaders of
21st century?
• Knowledge (goes beyond the boundaries of academics)
• Life skills
• Media literacy (ability to use and analyze the media to find
information)
• Self Management (to foster self reliance and independence
in learners)
• Meta-cognition (skills of knowing how we monitor and
control our style of learning)
Traditional view of learnings
• Learning is a process of information transfer and
reception
• Learning is facilitated by breaking contents into
isolated units
• Learning is a linear process.
Instructional Environment for 21st century skills
• Relevant to students outside the classroom
• Student is highly engaged
• Students has a choice and voice in his/her learning
• Student takes ownership for own learning
• Includes higher order thinking skills creativity and
innovation
Instructional Environment for 21st century skills
20th Century Classroom
• Teacher centered
• Textbook driven
• Focus is on memorization of
facts
• Learners work in isolation
• Litercy in 3Rs: Reading, Writing
and Mathematics
21st Century Classroom
• Student centered
• Research driven
• Focus is on what students know
and can do
• Learners work in collaboration
• Literacy is 3Cs – critical thinking,
creativity and communication
skills
Instructional Environment for 21st century skills
20th Century Classroom
21st Century Classroom
• Prints is the primary vehicle of
learning
• Lesson is focused on lower level
of Bloom’s Taxonomy –
knowledge, comprehension and
application
• Little or no freedom to the
student
• Multiple forms of media and
projects are used for learning
and assessment
• Lesson is focused on higher level
of Bloom’s Taxonomy – analysis,
synthesis and evaluation
• Great deal of freedom to the
students
The 4 Cs of 21st Century Skills
• CREATIVITY (thinking outside the box)
• CRITICAL THINKING (finding solutions to problems)
• COLLABORATION (working with others)
• COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION (conveying ideas)
The 4 Cs of 21st Century Skills
COLLABORATION
COMMUNICATION
CRITICAL THINKING
CREATIVITY
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/03/21st-century-skillsfuture-jobs-students/
What is ICT?
• ICT stands for information and communication
technology which include digital technology such
as computer and internet which are the
potential powerful tools for education change
and reform
DepEd Computerization Program (DCP)
DO 78 s. 2010
Objectives
• Provide computer laboratory packages to secondary schools;
• Integrate ICT in the school system;
• Raise the ICT literacy of learners, pupils, students, teachers and school
heads
• To provide public schools with appropriate technologies that would
enhance the teaching-learning process and meet the challenges of
the 21st century
What is technology integration?
• ICT integration is the seamless incorporation of
technology to support and enhance student
engagement in meaningful learning and for the
attainment of curriculum objectives.
Technology integration helps achieve 21 st
century skills in students
• Personal and social responsibility
• Planning, critical thinking, reasoning and creativity
• Strong communication skills both for interpersonal and presentation
needs
• Visualizing and decision – making
• Knowing how and when to use technology and choosing the most
appropriate tool for the task.
Levels of ICT Integration
Simple Integration
• Example: Showing pictures in the class using computer projector
Middle Integration
• There is purposeful use of technology to support key learning areas and the
students can manipulate technology
• Examples: Teaching graphic designing
• Reporting
• Showing videos
High Integration
• Technology is the center of instructional tool.
Educational ICT tools can be divided into 3
groups
• Input source – visualizer, document camera, pc’s,
application system, tablets
• Output source – projector, interactive whiteboard,
display monitors, television etc.
• Others – digital camera, digital recorder, switchers,
other technology
Barriers to the successful integration of ICT
in Teaching and Learning
• Lack of computers or ICT equipment
• Lack of quality software
• Lack of time
• Technical problems
• Teachers’ attitudes towards computers
• Poor funding
• Lack of teacher confidence
• Resistance to change
How to use ICT Effectively?
• The effective use of ICT in lesson depends
on the awareness of teachers of the
potential of ICT in teaching and learning
process.
ICT skills and competencies – the educator
should acquire:
• ICT Operation and concepts – teacher demonstrate a sound understanding of ICT
operations and concepts
• Planning and Designing Learning Environments and Experiences – teachers plan, and
design effective learning environment supported by ICT
• Teaching, Learning and the Curriculum – teachers implement curriculum plans that
includes methods and strategies for applying ICT
• Assessment and Evaluation – teachers apply ICT to facilitate a variety of effective
assessment
• Productivity and Professional Practice – teachers use ICT to enhance their productivity
and professional practices
• Social, Ethical, Legal and Human Issues – teacher understand the social, ethical, legal
and human issues surrounding the use of ICT in instruction
Sample Apps for Interactive Learning
• www.mentimeter.com
• Gimkit.com
• www.quizizz.com
• Baamboozle.com
• Kahoot.com
• Annotate.net
• Meeting Pulse
• Slido.com
• Socrative.com
• Wooclap.com
• Educandy.com
• Google Jamboard
• Google Forms
• Microsoft Powerpoint
The acceptance of change is a major
requirement for technology integration