Causes for increasing cancer cases? In my research report I will be writing about the causes of increasing cancer cases and i will explain more about cancer and my global perspectives will be the countries Australia, New Zealand and USA, Because the countries are the countries with the most cancer cases Globally and my national perspective will be Tanzania. According to mayoclinic.org (2022), Cancer refers to any one of many diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and can infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Cancer often has the ability to spread throughout your body. Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the world. But survival rates are improving for many types of cancer, thanks to improvements in cancer screening, treatment and prevention. Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body, Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and multiply (through a process called cell division) to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. According to who.int (2024), the most common cause of cancer is from the transformation of normal cells into tumour cells in a multi-stage process that generally progresses from a pre-cancerous lesion to a malignant tumour. These changes are the result of the interaction between a person's genetic factors and three categories of external agents, including: physical carcinogens, such as ultraviolet and ionizing radiation; chemical carcinogens, such as asbestos, components of tobacco smoke, alcohol, aflatoxin (a food contaminant), and arsenic (a drinking water contaminant); and biological carcinogens, such as infections from certain viruses, bacteria, or parasites. World Health Organisation (WHO), through its cancer research agency, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), maintains a classification of cancer-causing agents. According to cancerreasearchuk.org it tells me that not all cancers can be prevented Between 30–50% of all cancer cases are preventable. Prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the control of cancer. WHO works with Member States to strengthen national policies and programmes to raise awareness and, reduce exposure to cancer risk factors, and ensure that people are provided with the information and support they need to adopt healthy lifestyles. To strengthen national efforts to address the burden of cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), the WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013– 2020 provides a road map to reduce premature mortality from NCDs by 2025 through targeting many of the risk factors. a lower risk of cancer. Regular physical activity is crucial, as it not only helps in maintaining a healthy weight but also reduces the likelihood of certain cancers. Additionally, avoiding tobacco products and limiting alcohol intake are essential steps in cancer prevention. Protecting yourself from excessive sun exposure and practicing safe behaviours to prevent infections, such as practicing safe sex and getting vaccinated against viruses like HPV and hepatitis, can also contribute to reducing cancer risks. Regular screenings and check-ups are important for early detection, providing an opportunity for timely intervention According to aihw.gov.au (2021), Cancer is Australia is a major cause of illness and death in Australia. In 2021 it is estimated that about 151,000 Australians will be diagnosed with cancer (413 per day) and 49,000 will die (135 per day). This report, the latest in a biennial series, presents a comprehensive overview of cancer statistics, including risk factors, screening and other early detection, incidence, treatment, survival, prevalence, mortality, rare cancers, and cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The main causes of cancer in Australia are Tobacco control, Obesity, physical inactivity and nutrition Alcohol Ultraviolet radiation Occupational exposures One third of cancer deaths in Australia are caused by modifiable risk factors. According to rnz.co.nz (2018), The increase of cancer in New Zealand, the agency estimates the risk for women in New Zealand at a third. "The increasing cancer burden is due to several factors including population growth and ageing, as well as the changing prevalence of certain causes of cancer linked to social and economic development," the agency's report said. According to harvard.edu (2022), A Possible risk factors for early onset cancer included alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, smoking, obesity, and eating highly processed foods. Surprisingly, researchers found that while adult sleep duration hasn’t drastically changed over the several decades, children are getting far less sleep today than they were decades ago. Risk factors such as highly processed foods, sugary beverages, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption have all significantly increased since the 1950s. My National Perspective is Tanzania, according to ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (2015) Cancer is not a so common disease in Tanzania and is not likely to get it, in Tanzania as in many low- and middle-income countries, of cancer treatment starting at advanced stages, undermining treatment efficacy and survival rates. While Tanzania’s policy of free public sector cancer treatment has made it accessible to patients on low incomes and without insurance, reaching a diagnosis is shown to have been for these respondents slower and more expensive the greater their socio-economic disadvantage. Policy implications are drawn for moving towards greater social justice in access to cancer care. My reflection is that before I did the report, I did not know that there were possible ways to try and prevent cancer or try to hold if back for a certain amount of time i just thought that you get cancer through relatives or blood relatives. Evaluating My references, all my references were accurate except for rnz.co.nz it was more biased to women more than men and bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com contained very little information but the rest of the references where not biased and had a good amount of information and was overall good. References: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer Accessed on (06/02/2024) https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cancer/symptomscauses/syc-20370588 Accessed on (06/02/2024) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer Accessed on (06/02/2024) https://www.who.int/activities/preventing-cancer Accessed on (06/02/2024) https://www.cancer.org.au/about-us/policy-and-advocacy/preventionpolicy/risk-factors Accessed on (06/02/2024) https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/cancer/cancer-in-australia-2021/summary Accessed on (06/02/2024) https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/366565/australasia-suffers-the-highestcancer-rate-in-the-world Accessed on (06/02/2024) https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-02107438-5 Accessed on (06/02/2024) WORD COUNT:975 words BY: Ells Jenard
