Argumentative Essay ENGLISH Q3 Essay - derived from the French infinitive essayer, "to try" or "to attempt". It is a short piece of writing on a particular subject. Argument - the act or process of arguing, reasoning, or discussing; a coherent series of reasons, statements, or facts intended to support or establish a point of view. 3. Conclusion - restates the main claim and gives one or two general statements thatexactly summarize the arguments and support the premise. Structure of an Argumentative Essay 1. Introduction paragraph • Background Information Argumentative Essay a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. It tries to change the reader’s mind by convincing the reader to agree with the writer’s point of view. It also attempts to be highly persuasive and should be written objectively and logically. Argumentative essays should have a straightforward structure, so they are easy for readers to follow. The goal of an argumentative essay is to clearly outline a point of view, reasoning, and evidence. - Parts of an Argumentative Essay 1. Introduction - introduces the problem and gives the background information needed for the argument and the thesis statement. 2. Body - contains the reasons included in the topic sentence and is supported by details which can be examples, statistics, personal experience, or quotations. - • Thesis Statement 2. Body of the Paragraph (at least 3 paragraphs) • Present your point and supporting evidence. • Prove your opposition’s claim to be false (argue the other side of the argument.... why should people believe in your side). 3. Conclusion Paragraph • Restate thesis statement. • Review the main point. Terms to remember: HOOK - interesting sentence that grabs the reader’s attention. THESIS - what you want your audience to do or believe. COUNTER-ARGUMENT - Statement against your thesis to show reasons to oppose it. REBUTTAL - this is how you make your point again and make the thesis stronger. Informative Writing Techniques ENGLISH Q3 Informative – providing useful or interesting information. Essay - a focused piece of writing designed to inform or persuade. Writing Technique – a style an author/writer uses to convey their message in a manner that is effective and meaningful to their audience. Informative Writing - involves relaying facts to the reader. the author provides facts and figures or explains how a process is completed. The information is typically presented in a logical order or sequence. Informative Essay - - is a piece of writing that aims to inform the readers about a particular person, object, event, issue, or phenomenon. the readers are expected to gain something– maybe a particular fact or an opinion that can change his view of that specific topic. Purposes Of An Informative Essay: • • • • to explain the importance of a particular subject. to analyse relationships between two things to inform the readers about a topic that is unfamiliar to them to present the current trends. Informative writing techniques 1. The introduction of an essay should catch the readers' attention and contain thethesis statement. The writer should follow a logical order and include relevant information that is properly cited. 2. The writer of informative essay is advised to be as factual as possible so that the readers can use the information provided to draw their own conclusions about the topic without influencing the conclusion in any direction. 3. The writer should provide the reader a specific information with clear answers to the what, where, when, how and why of the topic to be explained. 4. The conclusion of the essay should be the summary of the main points and tell why the topic is important. Five Steps On How To Write An Informative Essay 1. Choose the topic - Focus on the following reminders in deciding your informative essay: • Choose specific topics over broader ones. • Avoid topics you do not have any idea of, or you aren’t interested in writing about. • Ensure that the topic is relevant to society and not trivial. • Read the guidelines given by your teacher if there is any. 2. Research - Do an internet search and use them to craft an interesting essay that will make the reader consume your writing from beginning to end. 3. Create an informative essay outline. - An essay outline will serve as your guide in creating your first draft. - contains every single detail that you would like to share with your reader in informative writing. Three types of outline: • Alphanumeric outlines (Roman numerals, capitalized letters, Arabic numerals, lowercase letters) • Full-sentence outlines • Decimal outlines 4. Write the essay following a fourpart structure. • Introduction. Provide a brief background of the subject or stating the current issues. - Ensure that you write in an exciting way. the deciding factor whether the reader will finish the whole essay. • Thesis. A thesis statement contains what the writer wants to share with the readers and why it is relevant in an informative essay. • Body. The body of an informative essay may contain three or more paragraphs and should cover all the interesting facts about the topic and details that are unknown to the reader. • Conclusion. This should contain one to two paragraphs summarizing the main details discussed in the body. Restate the thesis statement to remind the reader of the goal. 5. Review the draft (post-writing) - This is the time to review initial draft. - Persuasive Writing Techniques English Q3 Persuasive writings - used by the authors to convince readers of their point of view. EMOTIVE LANGUAGE - - these words are used to purposely create an emotional impact or response from the audience. The writer uses emotive language in order to have a great emotional impact on their audience. Example: This disastrous situation will not only get worse unless we do something about it. INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE - When the writer makes a statement that claims to agree with the audience. It can also make the audience deeply engaged, thus making them agree with the writer. inclusive words are, us, we, you and ours. Example: It is time for us to show our belief in friendship and treat people equally. EXCLUSIVE LANGUAGE - this technique excludes somebody else through the words they use. the use of pronouns they, them, and those. Example: It is all their fault because they are the ones who made the decision. REPETITION - Example: We will suffer years to come unless we stop this government, stop them in the workplace, stop them in the polls, and stop them on election day. RHETORICAL QUESTION - - is a type of question asked in order to create dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer. The idea here is not to get or receive an answer but to give stress on the point. Example: Do we want our children growing up in a word where people threaten them with violence on every street corner? EVIDENCE a. Anecdotal Evidence - - collecting the evidence in an informal manner relying entirely on personal testimony is termed as anecdotal evidence. A writer often uses personal anecdotes. Independent Critique English q3 Critique (noun) – a detailed analysis and assessment of something, especially a literary text or selection. Literary text – a piece of writing such as a book or poem that has the purpose of telling a story or entertaining. Format (noun) – the way in which something is arranged or set out. Literary Critique - - b. Expert Opinion - to make writer’s position seem more credible, they may quote the opinions of experts that correspond with their own. c. Statistical Evidence - are numerical proof of an argument. It is showed through the bar diagram, graphs, and statistics. is the act of saying or writing something that has been written more than once. - a literary device that intends to critically evaluate a piece of literary work or any chosen selection. emphasizes both weakness and strength of a literary piece. gives the reader a sense of the writer’s overall purpose and intent. examines how the structure and language of the selection convey its meaning. states the significance of each part of the selection and makes judgment of the work’s worth or value. Parts Of A Literary Critique • Introduction - tells the reader what your critique will focus on. • name of author and title of work brief summary or description of work as a whole focusing sentence indicating what element you plan to examine general indication of overall significance of work • • • • • Body - divided into paragraphs that builds an argument using evidence from the selection. • • • literal description of the second major element detailed analysis interpretation (including, if necessary, the relationship to the first major point Conclusion - states the main point that you have shown with your analysis. • • • overall interpretation of the elements studied consideration of elements within the context of the work as a whole critical assessment of the value, worth, meaning, or significance of the work Tips For Interpreting A Literary Piece Or Selection • • • • the genre(s) to which it belongs the narrative structure, including the order of events, the perspective and/or credibility of the narrator or speaker, the resolution or lack of closure provided at the end, etc. Note: prose texts (novels, stories, essays) have narrators, but poems have speakers. the interactions among characters the use of language, especially literary figures such as irony, imagery, simile, metaphor, rhyme, meter. the representations of major cultural and social issues of the text’s time, such as gender, class, race, nature, progress, sexuality, conflict, and other human themes. the similarities in plot, character, theme, or imagery with other texts. Questions for Self-Guided Literary Text Interpretation • • • • • • • • • • • What is the author’s purpose in writing the text or selection? What can you say about the theme? What is the author’s overall message to the reader? Is there a sentence from the selection that captures that? What supporting details allow you to make this inference? What is the overall tone of the selection? What point of view does the author write from? How is the selection structured? How would you describe the author’s writing style? What elements of author’s writing style did you notice? How do these elements impact your understanding or enjoyment of the selection? What is the general mood of the selection? How is the plot, argument, or information organized? Could you see yourself with any of the characters? How did this affect your reading? Critiquing a Literary Selection Based on Moralist Approach English q3 Critic (n) - one who expresses a reasoned opinion on any matter especially involving a judgment of its value or righteousness and etc. Moralist (n) - one who is concerned with regulating the morals of others Literary criticism (or literary studies) - the study, evaluation and interpretation of literature. It enriches the readers’ understanding and thereby deepens appreciation of a literary selection. Two Ways On How To Evaluate Or Interpret A Literary Selection Based On The Moralist Approach. 1. Judge the value of literature based on its moral lessons or ethical teachings 2. Evaluate the literary selection according to its purpose - is it mainly telling a story? or more importantly, is it teaching morality? Basis Of Morality To establish principles of the GOOD and those of right behavior Ethics deals with the basic principles that serve as the basis for moral rules. a person is immoral if that person breaks the moral rules. Questions To Consider In Moral Criticism 1. Is the author and his/her treatment of the characters mature, sincere, honest, sensitive or courageous? How so, and how does knowing this help us approach the text in a meaningful way? 2. What moral lesson or ethical teaching is the author representing in the character? 3. How do characters allegorize moral or ethical principles? 4. Does the character’s action pose a moral lesson? How?
