TEST CODE
FORM TP 2010080
A1253,OaO
MAY/JLINE
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICÄTE
EXAMINÄTION
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY
Paper 02
-
General Proficiency
2 hours
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
1.
This paper consists of FOURTEEN questions in
Two
sections.
2. sEcrroN
A consists of TEN questions. Answer ALL TEN questions.
write your answers in the spaces provided in this answer booklet. Each
question is worth 10 marks.
3.
sECTroN B consists of FouR questions. Answer oNLy rlvo
questions. write your answers on the pages provided at the end of this
booklet. Each question is worth 20 marks.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Copyright O 2009 Caribbean Examinations Council
All riehts reserved.
0r2s3020tF 2010
@
2O1O
-L'
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in this section.
1.
(a)
Name THREE characteristics of living organisms, OTHER THAN growth.
(3 marks)
(b)
Figure I shows two lines X and Y, representing the growth pattern of two persons.
80
Weight (kg)
Years
Figure 1. Growth pattern of two persons
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0t2s3020/F 2010
-J-
(i)
Which line in Figure 1, X or Y, MOST likely represents the growth of a female?
(1 mark)
(ii)
Give TWO reasons for your answer in (b)(i) above.
(4 marks)
(c)
Growth involves an increase in the number and size of cells. Cells multiply by a process
called mitosis. Label on Figure 2, the cell organelle in which the process of mitosis starts.
V/rite the name of the cell organelle next to the label line.
Figure 2. A typical animal cell
(2 marks)
Total l0 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0t2s3020/F 2010
Figure 3 shows a section through the human eye'
Figure 3. A section of the human
eYe
Identify the parts labelled A, B and C in Figure 3.
A:
B:
C:
(3 marks)
(b)
Ten-year-old Dwayne goes to the cinema with his father. On entering the dark room he
cannot see anything.
(Ð
Explain how the cones which are sensitive to light, cause Dwayne's 'temporary
blindness'.
(3 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
-)(iÐ
Explain how Dwayne's eyes adjust in the dark to enable him to see to walk to his
seat.
(3 marks)
(c)
What is the name of the process by which Dwayne's eyes adjust to see near and far objects?
(1 mark)
Total 10 marks
3.
(a)
Caftilage is a flexible connective tissue.
(Ð
State ONE function of cartilage and ONE area ofthe body in which it can be found.
Function:
Location:
(2 marks)
(ii)
State ONE major difference between tendons and ligaments.
Difflerence:
(1mark)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0r2s3020/F 2010
-6(b)
just discovered football' He is fascinated
Figure 4 shows Roger, a four-year-old who has
by how well he can kick the ball.
Figure 4. A troY kicking a ball
(Ð
Identifli oNE type ofjoint that Roger would utilize to kick the ball'
(1 mark )
(ii)
Put an
X on Figure
4 to show the location of the type
above.
(c)
ofjoint identified in (b) (i)
(1 mark )
is possible because of the
Roger is also able to throw the football during the game. This
antagonistic muscles located in his upper arm'
(Ð
What is meant by the term 'antagonistic muscles'?
Explanation:
(1 mark )
(iÐ
Identiff the antagonistic muscles in Roger's upper arm and exPlain how
these
muscles work to allow him to throw the ball'
Antagonistic muscles:
Explanation:
(4 marks)
Total L0 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
-'7 -
4.
(a)
Complete the following sentences by writing the correct answer from the list provided in
brackets. (antigenso antibodieso leucocytes, phagocytes, antitoxins)
(Ð
Lymphocytes, atype ofwhite blood cells, make substances called
and
to destroy pathogens like bacteria and viruses, and the
toxins produced by the pathogens.
(2 marks)
(ii)
The white blood cells which engulf pathogens are called
(1 mark )
(b)
Dr Mitchell is advised to take
(Ð
a
typhoid vaccine before going on her trip to Africa.
Name the type of organism that causes typhoid.
(1 mark )
(iÐ
Identify ONE sign or symptom of typhoid disease.
(1 mark )
(iii)
Dr Mitchell is administered a vaccine that gives her active immunity.
Explain how this vaccine offers protection to Dr Mitchell.
(4 marks)
(iv)
Suggest the type of drug that is effective in treating typhoid.
(1 mark )
Total 10 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0r253020/F 2010
-8Explain what is meant bv EACH of the followins terms:
3.
(D
Aerobic respiration
(1 mark )
Anaerobic respiration
(L mark )
Name ONE waste product from cellular (tissue) respiration.
(1 mark )
(c)
Yourteacher, Mr Sam, uses energyto erase the blackboard. Glucose is one ofthe substrates
from which he gets the energy.
(Ð
Suggest ONE OTHER substrate from which
Mr
Sam gets energy.
(1 mark )
(iÐ
In which cell organelle is energy released from the glucose?
(1 mark )
(iiÐ
When energy is released from adenosine triphosphate
(AIP),
adenosine diphosphate
(ADP) is formed. With the aid of Figure 5, explain the role of AIP andADP in
energy transfer.
.'(:).
Figure 5. Energy transfer cycle
(2 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
012s3020/F 2010
r
-9-
(d)
Mr Sam complains that he cannot teach night classes because he does not see well at night.
(Ð
Name the vitamin that Mr Sam may be lacking to cause him not to see well at
night.
(1 mark )
(iÐ
Suggest TWO foods from which
Mr
Sam can get the vitamin named
in (d) (i)
above.
(2 marks)
Total l0 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0t2s3020/F 2010
-106.
(a)
Enzymes are biological catalysts that assist in the digestion of food.
(Ð
Name TWO enzymes present in the human stomach.
(2 marks)
(iÐ
State the type of food that is broken down by salivary amylase.
(1 mark )
(b)
Figure 6 shows the activity of two enzyrnes, salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase, at
different pH levels.
Þ
I
(¡)
Figure 6. Activity of two enzymes at different pH levels
(Ð
At what pH does salivary amylase function BEST?
(1 mark )
(iÐ
Identiff TV/O pH values
at
which salivary amylase activity stops (is zero).
(2 marks)
(iiÐ
Explain why salivary amylase stops functioning when it reaches the stomach.
(2 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0t253020/F 20t0
f
- 11-
(iv)
In what kind ofpH conditions, acidic or alkaline, does pancreatic amylase function
BEST?
(1 mark )
(v)
Name the chemical that helps in providing the ideal pH for pancreatic amylase
to firnction in the human bodv.
(1 mark )
Total l0 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0r2*024/F 2010
-127.
(a)
Figure 7 is a díagram of the reproductive tract of a human mare. Identify
A, B and C. Write your answer on Figure 7.
the parts labelled
(3 marks)
Bladder
SeminalYesicle
Prostâte glând
Urethra
A
figure 7. R,eproductive tract of tho human male
(b)
Grandpa Tom is admitted to hospital with prostare caricer.
(i)
tivhieh structure in the urinary sysrem is Mosr likely
blocked?
(1 mark )
(iÐ
Suggest how the cartcer may affect his urination.
(2 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0|253A2A/F 20t0
-13-
(c)
In discussing birth control methods with his grandson, Marc, Grandpa Tom advises that
the contraceptive pill is more reliable than the rh¡hm method.
(Ð
Explain why the contraceptive pill is more reliable than the rhythm method.
ù
i¡
rl
il
T
(3 marks)
(iÐ
Suggest ONE benefi.t to Marc of keeping his family small.
(1 mark )
Total l0 marks
J
t
I
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
012fiA20ß
2t010
-148.
(a)
Explain what is meant by EACH of the following terms:
(Ð
Genetic variation
(1 mark )
(iÐ
Environmental variation
(1 mark )
(b)
What does the abbreviation, DNA, mean?
(1 mark )
(c)
Sickle-cell anaemia is a genetic disease.
(Ð
How does the structure of the red blood cells of aperson suffering from sickle-cell
anaemia differ from the structure of a normal red b100c1 cell.
(2 marks)
(ii)
Explain how sickle-cell anaemia affects an individual.
(2 marks)
(d)
Albinism is an inherited condition in which the individual lacks melanin, and, therefore,
has white hair and white skin. This condition arises from the inheritance of two recessive
alleles. Using a genetic diagram, show how normal parents can produce an albino child.
Use 'A' to represent the dominant allele for albinism and'a'to represent the recessive
allele.
Parents:
F, genotype:
F, phenotype:
(3 marks)
Total l0 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0t2530201F 2010
_15_
9.
(a)
Name the causative agent for EACH of the following diseases:
(i)
Genital herpes
(1 mark )
(iÐ
Gonorrhoea
(1 mark )
(iii)
AIDS
(1 mark )
(b)
Apregnant woman is diagnosed with genital herpes. Suggest TWO effects this may have
on her babv.
(2 marks)
(c)
Your class is conducting an education campaign on sexually transmitted infections.
Present TWO pieces of advice which will assist in limiting the spread of sexually transmitted
infections.
(4 marks)
(d)
Suggest ONE drawback
Caribbean.
in the use of antiviral drugs for the treatment of AIDS in the
(1
mark )
Total 10 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
012s3020/F
20t0
-t610.
The activities of human beings have led to serious problems of pollution.
(a)
Name THREE tyPes of Pollution.
(3 marks)
(b)
Eutrophication is caused by pollutants, mainly nitrates and phosphates, in waterways.
(i)
What is meant by the term 'euttophication'?
(1 mark )
(iÐ
Suggesthow detergents, sewage and agricultural activities lead to eutrophication.
Detergents:
Sewage:
Agricultural activities
:
(3 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0t2s30201F 2010
-17 -
(c)
'When
(Ð
sewage is not disposed
ofproperþ it can cause disçases in human beings.
IdentifyTWO diseases whichmaybe causedby coming into contactwithuntreated
se\¡/age.
(2 marks)
(iÐ
Suggest ONE method ofproper sewage disposal.
(1"
mark )
Total l0 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
01253020/F 20lA
-18SECTION B
{.nswer ANY
T\ilO questions.
write your answers on the pages provided at the end of this booklet.
11.
(a)
A chronic disease is the name given to a long-term illness.
(Ð
(iÐ
(b)
TIIAN
(iÐ
(iiÐ
diabetes mellitus.
Identify TWO non-drug forms oftherapy used in the treatment of chronic diseases.
(5 marks)
Mr Ram observes that his blood pressure increases
(Ð
(c)
Name THREE chronic diseases OTHER
as his
weight increases above normal.
Suggest why blood pressure increases as weight increases above normal.
Explain how high blood pressure may affect Mr Ram'
Suggest how
Mr Ram's overweight can lead to diabetes
rnellitus.
(12 marks)
Alcoholism is considered a disease. Explain how aicohol, as a depressant drug, affects
(3 marks)
the human body.
Total20 marks
t2.
(a)
(b)
Explain what is meant by EACH of the following terms:
(Ð
Fertilisation
(iÐ
Ovulation
(iiÐ
Sexual reproduction
Michelle's mother is pregnant and is expecting to have her baby in about six month's time.
During her antenatal visits to the clinic, she is given advice about having a healthy baby.
Suggest what advice the nurse may have given Michelle's mother about
(Ð
diet
(iÐ health.
(c)
(5 marks)
(9 marks)
Michelle's mother advises Michelle about caring for her teeth. Explain how Michelle can
(6 marks)
care for her teeth, to reduce cavities and gum diseases.
Total20 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
- 1913.
(a)
Figure B shows the incomplete life cycle of the housefly.
a""'\
A
C
\
/
\
I
/
Figure 8. Incomplete life cycle of the housefly
(Ð
(iÐ
(b)
(c)
Name the stages labelled A, B and C.
ldenti$z the feeding stage and the non-feeding stage.
(5 marks)
After Hurricane Ike in 2008, there was an outbreak of cholera, followed by an outbreak of
gastroenteritis. Suggest THREE possible reasons why these disease outbreaks occurred.
(6 marks)
(Ð
Aneighbour has been diagnosed with ringworm on his skin. Describe the appearance
of ringworm on the skin, and state the type of organism that callses ringworm.
(ii)
Your friend has athlete's foot and tells you that it is ringworm. Identify TWO
symptoms of athlete's foot.
(iii)
Suggest how the spread of ringworm can be controlled, and how the disease can
(9 marks)
be treated.
Total20 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
012s3020/F
20t0
-20 -
L4.
(a)
(b)
Deflne EACH of the following terms:
(1)
Digestion
(iÐ
Excretion
(iiÐ
Egestion
(3 marks)
(i)
State the function of roughage in the human body'
(iÐ
Name ONE food which has a high roughage content'
(2 marks)
(c)
you ate a chicken sandwich with a lettuce salad. Explain how the end-products of the
(7 marks)
digestion of your meal are utilized in the body'
(d)
Mr Goodman was burnt
The skin has an excretory function, as well as other functions'
in an accident and lost most of the skin on his upper body'
(Ð
body temperature'
Explain how his skin would have assisted to maintain a constant
(iÐSuggestwhyMrGoodmanismorelikelytobeinfectedbypathogens.
(8 marks)
Total20 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
.
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
MY SUCCESS DEPENDS ONLY ON MY DISCIPLINE, DEDICATION & DETERMINATION
MARATHON 2013
CSEC January 2015 Examinations
Human and Social Biology
1. (a) Kate is suffering from asthma.
(i)
Give ONE asthma-related sign or symptom that Kate would most likely experience.
(1 mark)
(ii)
State TWO measures OTHER THAN medication that Kate should adopt to manage her
asthma (2 marks)
(iii)
Describe the effects of asthma on Kate’s respiratory tract (2 marks)
(iv)
Asthma is a respiratory disease that affects the young and the old. Would asthma be
classified as infectious or chronic? (1 mark)
(b) The bar graph in Figure 1 shows the incidents of asthma in a population in the Caribbean.
Chart Title
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Lean smokers
Lean non-smokers
obese smokers
obese non-smokers
Figure 1. Incidence of asthma in a Caribbean population
(i)
Based on the information in Figure 1, which TWO factors reduce the risk for asthma?
(2 marks)
(ii)
Describe the trend illustrated in Figure 1. (3 marks)
(c) Every year tons of Sahara dust are transported over the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean.
Source: cxcpaper.blogspot.com
Figure 2 shows the yearly deposition of Sahara dust in the Caribbean,
Chart Title
25
20
15
10
5
0
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
Figure 2. Yearly deposition of Sahara dust in the Caribbean
(i)
Which month has the LOWEST level of Sahara dust? (1 mark)
(ii)
Which month has the HIGHEST level of Sahara dust? (1 mark)
(iii)
Suggest TWO health implications of high levels of Sahara dust in the atmosphere (2 marks)
Source: cxcpaper.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
cxctutor.blogspot.com
r
TEST CODE
FORM TP 2017012
OI253O2O
-l
JANUARY 2OI7
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@
EXAMINATION
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY
Paper 02
- General Proficiency
2 hours
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
I
This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections.
2
Answer
J
Do NOT write in the margins.
4
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
5
Each question is worth
6
If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.
7
If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly
in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant,
ALL questions.
l5 marks.
include the question part beside the answer.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
ffi
Copyright @ 2015 Caribbean Examinations Council
All rights reserved.
L
0 1253020 I
IAN UARY/F 20 I 7
I
ffil ilil
lllll fl!il ilil| llil
lil
ll]l
illl
0125302003
ffi
llfl
llll
J
t-
-l
4
SECTION A
AnswerALL questions in this section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
(a)
1
Thble
I
shows data on problems associated with persons who abuse drugs.
TABLE 1: PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSONS WHO ABUSE DRUGS
Alcohol
Tobacco
Marijuana
7o uSers
7o uSerS
7o uSers
Had issues with family and friends
17
32
l9
Missed classes
29
9
27
Been in trouble with the law
)
3
l9
Been in fights
l3
4
73
Done something illegal to obtain drugs
4
7
22
(i)
Identify the drug that has the MOST NEGATIVE impact on the user,
(1 mark)
(ii)
Which TWO drugs have the GREATEST impact on users' relationships with friends
and family, and academic life?
(2 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
01253020 I JANUARY/F 20 l 7
L
I
tillt
ilil
ililt ililt iltfl ilil
ffi
ililt
ilil tilil ilil
0125302004
til
I
r
-l
5
(b)
Table 2 shows the gender and monthly income of those persons in Table
I on page 4.
TABLE 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS WHO ABUSE DRUGS
Alcohol
Tobacco
Marijuana
7o uSerS
7o uSerS
7o uSerS
79
62
68
20
58
Characteristics
Gender
Male
Female
l0
Monthly Income
<$250
50
62
$2s0-$800
$801-$1600
>$l 600
(i)
8
8
73
2t
t3
ll
t)
3l
l5
7
Which gender is MOST likely to engage in substance abuse?
(1 mark)
(ii)
Which substance is MOST likely to be abused by persons from all economic
backgrounds?
(1 mark)
(iii)
Which income bracket shows the HIGHEST levels of drug abuse?
(1 mark)
ffi
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0I
253020 I JAN UARY/F 20 t 7
L
I
ffi ilil ffi il]
0125302005
tilil tilt ilil flfl lllfl ilil
til lllt
J
t-
-6(c)
(i)
Portia has been overweight for about 20 years. Suggest THREE health problems
that she could develop as a result of her excess weight.
(3 marks)
(ii)
The doctor tells Portia that she is suffering from malnutrition. Explain to Portia
how it is possible to be overweight and suflering from malnutrition.
(3 marks)
(iii)
The doctor advises Portia to eat more fruits and vegetables. Of what benefit would
fruits and vegetables be to her?
(3 marks)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0 1253020 I JANUARY/F 20 I 7
L
I
tilil
il]
flil ilil
ill
ilfl
tffi il]t ilflr illl
0125302006
ilil
ril
J
r
2.
-7
(a)
Figure
I
-t
-
is a concept map depicting the process of photosynthesis.
(i)
Uses
Green
(rv)
Sunlight
Contain a
(ii)
Leaves
In the form of
(iii)
Food
To make
Ifave
Plants
Figure
l.
Concept map of photosynthesis
Complete the concept map by writing the correct labels for (i), (ii),
(iii)
and (iv).
(i)
(i
i)
(iii)
(iv)
(4 marks)
ffi
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0l 2s3020 / JANUARY/F 201 7
L
r
tilil
ilil
flilt
tilt iltfl ilil tffi il]t tilfi ilil ll]
0125302007
til
J
t-
-l
-8(b)
Figure 2 shows part of the carbon cycle
CO, in the
atmosphere
0
0
ol
E
0
o
Microbial
6t
decomposition of
organic matter
F{
r0
q)
il
Death
Oil relineries
Green plants
Animals
Figure 2.Part of the carbon cycle
(i)
At what stage in the cycle does carbon dioxide enter the food chain?
(1 mark)
(ii)
At what stage in the cycle are humans having
a
MAJOR effect on the carbon cycle?
(l
(c)
(i)
mark)
Farmer Singh wants to improve the nitrogen content of his farmland. State TWO
it is important for plants to have adequate amounts of nitrogen.
reasons why
(2 marks)
(ii)
Name TWO types of bacteria which provide nitrogen, when present in soils.
(2 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0 1253020 I
L
IANUARY/F
20 t 7
ililIlilllilil flililtfl til[]ll
ililfl]il lil] |il
0125302008
lll
I
r
(d)
:--:
-l
-9Farmer Singh's garden borders a river. He is concerned that his farming activities
result in the pollution of the river.
(i)
Suggest THREE pollutants that may run
will
offfrom the garden into the river
(3 marks)
(ii)
Outline TWO effects of the pollutants on living organisms
(2 marks)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
HH
012s3020/ JANUARY/r 20 I 7
L
I
tilil
il]
ll]l ilil tilfl ililt tllll il]t ilil tlllI ffi
0125302009
il
J
I3.
-l
-10Bone is a living tissue. One of its functions is to protect the internal organs.
(a)
(i)
State ONE function of bone, other than the protection of internal organs.
(1 mark)
(ii)
State TWO functions of the human vertebral column
(2 marks)
(b)
Table 3 shows information on bone and cartilage. Complete Table 3 by writing the correct
answers at (i), (ii) and (iii).
TABLE 3: INFORMATION ON BONB AND CARTILAGE
Cartilage
Bone
Location
Found throughout the body
(i)
Structure
(ii)
Cells within a tough, flexible matrix
Function
Protection of internal organs
(iii)
(3 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0 12s3020 I
L
IANUARY/F
20 I 7
I
tffi
il]
ll]! ilil tilt ilil ilfl il]r il] lill ill
01
2530201 0
lil
I
r
(c)
lt
-
-l
During a football match, Chades Puyol twists his ankle, falls and injures his knee which
later becomes swollen.
(i)
Identifr the type ofjoint that is found in the knee region and describe the movement
associated with this type ofjoint.
Type
ofjoint
......
Movement
(2 marks)
(ii)
Several days later, Puyol's hip is extremely painful. Describe the difference, in
terms of movement, between the joint at the hip region and the joints between the
bones
ofthe skull.
(2 marks)
(d)
Lack of vitamin D results in bone disease in children. This disease results in bone being
unable to become hard and, as a result, the limbs become bent.
(i)
Explain why vitamin D is necessary for proper bone formation and name the
disease that occurs as a result of its deficiency.
Name of disease
(4 marks)
(ii)
Large intakes of carbonated beverages have an effect on bones similar to that
caused by a vitamin D deficiency. Suggest which mineral is MOST likely being
lost from the bone.
(1 mark)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
HH
0 1 25
L
3020 I IANUARY/F 20 I 7
I
llil til] ilil
tffi tffi ilflt til ililt ilil ilil til til
0125302011
J
t4-
-l
-12(a)
(i)
Some nerves are considered sensory and others
motor. Distinguish between the
following terms:
a
Nerves and neurones
a
Sensory and motor neurones
(4 marks)
(ii)
Identify the term used to describe the area where two neurones meet, and the
chemical used to convey an electrical signal from one cell to the other.
Area where two neurones meet
Chemical
(2 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
012530201
L
IANUARY/F
201 7
I
llil ilil
llil! ltil tlllt
ilIil
ilil
rilr
illl ffi ilililil
0125302012
I
t-
(b)
(i)
-l
13 -
Maria reaches out to pick a beautiful rose. Her thumb is pricked by a thorn and
she instantly releases the plant. Suggest the type of reflex action, spinal or cranial,
that causes her to release the plant, and briefly outline the FOUR steps involved
in a reflex action.
Type of reflex action
Steps
(5 marks)
(ii)
Unlike the nervous system, the endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate
actions in the human body.
Maria's period has just ended. Name the TWO pituitary hormones that will be
within the next 16 days, and explain to Maria ONE function of EACH
released
hormone.
Name of hormone
Function
Name of hormone
Function
(4 marks)
Total 15 marks
ffi
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
012530201
L
IANUARY/F 20 I 7
I
lllll lill lllll
lil
lilfl ilil |ilil il]t tilt
01
2530201 3
ilfl
ilil
tilt
J
r
-14-
-l
SECTION B
AnswerALL questions in this section.
s.
(a)
State TWO cardiovascular diseases that occur as a result
these diseases develop.
of poor diets and explain how
Name of diseases .....
How the diseases develop
(6 marks)
CO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0 1253020 I
L
IANUARY/F
20 I 7
r
rffi
ilr
llm
ilt H[ ilfl ilil ilfl lllll flffi Iilr fll
0125302014
J
r
(b)
-l
15 -
Hisdoctorsaysthateventhoughhis
body is producing insulin, the insulin receptors are resistant to insulin. Suggest TWO signs
PeterisobeseandhasdevelopedType2diabetes.
or symptoms that Peter may be experiencing, and TWO ways that Peter could manage the
disease.
Signs/symptoms
Managing diabetes
(4 marks)
ffi
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0t
253020 I JANUARY/F 20 t 7
L
Iilil ililtffi flil
01
iltfl ilil flil flilt ull il]
2530201 5
tfl
ll]
I
I-
(c)
-l
16 -
Table 4 shows the percentage of persons within three age groups who smoke and are obese.
Smoking and obesity both increase the risk of heart attacks.
TABLE 4: PERCENTAGE OF PERSONS WHO SMOKE AND ARE OBESE
Percentage ofPersons
tu24
25-34
3544
Smokers
9.1
14.8
23.7
Obese
28.4
44.5
54.8
Age Grcups
Study the information in Thble 4 and identify the age
group that
has the GREATEST
risk
for developing a heart attack, and discuss how smoking can increase the risk of a heart
attack.
(5 marks)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0 1253020 I
L
JANUARY/F
20 I 7
iltffi IIil
ffi [!t ][ ffil llil il!fl illilill lililllr
0125302016
J
r
-l
-17-
The accumulation of garbage poses a major threat to the environment. Governments are having
challenges finding ways to reduce the amount of garbage generated. Landfills are currently being
6.
used.
(a)
State ONE advantage and TWO disadvantages associated with the use
of landfills
Advantage
Disadvantages
(3 marks)
ffi
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
01253020/ IANUARY/F 201 7
L
ffi
0125302017
J
r
-l
- l8 -
(b)
Explain THREE differences between a dump and a landfill.
(6 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0 1253020 I JAN
L
UARY/F 20 l 7
l[Iil
il]
ilil illlt iltil
01
flil
til
ilfl
il!ilffi uilil
2530201 8
J
t-
(c)
-l
19 -
Name and explain THREE measures which could be used to controlthe volume of solid
waste within your community.
(6 marks)
Total 15 marks
END OF TEST
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORI( ON THIS TEST.
Hd
0t
L
ililfl
ffi
ilfl tilt ]rililfl!ililllil
il] ilfiil ril
0125302019
253020 I JAN UARY/F 20 t 7
J
t- FORM TP 2018012 sfo
TEST CODE
OI253O2O
-l
JANUARY 20I8
CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@
EXAMINATION
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY
Paper 02 - General Proficiency
2 hours
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
l.
This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections.
2
Answer
3
Do NOT write in the margins.
4
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
5
If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
ALL questions.
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.
6.
If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly
in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant,
include the question part beside the answer.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Copyright @ 2017 Caribbean Examinations Council
All rights reserved.
L
Hfi
0t253020lIANUARY 2018
I
tilil
ill
ilil ltll fill tu illl
lllll
illl lllll il ffl
0125302003
J
r
-l
-4SECTION A
AnswerALL questions in this section.
1.
(a)
A balanced diet assists in reducing the incidence of diseases
(i)
Define the term 'balanced diet'.
(2 marks)
(iD
State TWO nutrients, other than water, that must be included in the diet for it to
be balanced.
(2 marks)
(b)
Water can be used as a solvent. State ONE other function of water.
(1 mark)
(c)
Constipation often occurs as a result of an insufficient intake of water in one's diet. Name
ONE other important component of the diet that is necessary to prevent constipation.
(1 mark)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0l2s3020ltANUARY 2018
L
Effi
lflmiltmmmmllllffilmm[fllt
0125302004
J
t-
-l
-5(d)
Table
I
shows the body mass (in kg) and height (in m) of four males.
TABLE 1: BODY MASS AI\D HEIGHT OF FOUR MALES
Percon
Body Mass (kg)
Height (m)
Body Mass Index
(BMD
Category
Roger
65
1.55
27.1
Overweight
John
80
1.80
Peter
200
1.90
45
1.62
Stephen
(i)
Calculate the body mass index (BMI) of EACH male and state the category to
which EACH individual belongs. The first row has been done for you. Write
your response in Table I and show your working in the space below.
(3 marks)
(ii)
Which of the four males would be MOST at risk for developing cardiovascular
diseases?
(1 mark)
(iii)
Which male, though not obese, would be considered unhealthy?
(1 mark)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0t253020llANUARY 2018
L
ffi
l
tiilll tl ili
l
t
illlffiflil1]lffillll
0125302005
J
r
-l
-6(e)
The following graphs show data from a nationalhealth and nutrition examination survey.
Figure I shows the weight data for boys and girls, while Figure 2 shows data for the same
boys and girls, as men and women, ten years later.
33.OYo
3l.$Yo
30.4o/o
36Y. 36Yc
It.5o/o
16.g%c
15.OYo
8Yo
4'/o
Girlc
Boys
Both sexes
[[ Normel welght fl ouatty
Obestty
Men
Figure l.
Weight data for boys and girls
(i)
Extreme obesity
Qwo
eo
Figure 2.
Weight data ten yearc later
Suggest TWO reasons why more boys than girls were obese.
(2 marks)
(ii)
Suggest TWO reasons why as the boys and girls aged, a greater percentage
women than men showed extreme obesity.
of
(2 marks)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
01253020/JANUARY 2018
L
ffi
rffifi rffi
ilflffi ilflffi
Iffi
[tffi
0125302006
IIffi tfi
ilt
J
I2.
-7
(a)
-l
-
Breathing is necessary for life as it brings oxygen into the body and takes carbon dioxide
out ofthe body.
(i)
Define the term 'vital capacity'
(2 marks)
(ii)
Name the instrument used to measure vital capacity
(1 mark)
(b)
List THREE factors which increase the rate and depth of breathing.
(3 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
01253020lJANUARY 2018
L
ffi
I
llIH
lll
ll]t
[] llll lllll lllll tlll llil
0125302007
illll
lil lill
J
r
-8(c)
-l
Drug abuse is a serious problem among young people in the Caribbean. Drugs are chemicals
which change the manner in which the body functions. Some drugs can be classified as
depressants while others are referred to as stimulants.
(i)
Explain the difference between
a depressant and a
stimulant, and give ONE example
of EACH.
(4 marks)
(ii)
At school, Suresh is tempted to try marijuana because his friends tell him that it
can help him to get better grades. He is fearful because his teacher told his class
that people can become dependent on drugs. Explain to Suresh the difference
between physical and psychological dependence on drugs.
(2 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
01253020/JANUARY 2018
L
ffi
It!fl
IUlll[ffi ilfl HM[[tffi I]lilttil
0125302008
J
t-
-l
-9-
(iii)
Suggest THREE reasons why young people may start taking drugs.
(3 marks)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
01253020/JANUARY 2018
L
ffi
I
ilfl I]t
fltfl
ffil lllfl lill ilfl
flffi
llil illl lil
0125302009
lil
J
r
3.
-l
-10Figure 3 shows the cross-section of a human eye.
A
G
E
Figurc 3. Cross-section of a human eye
(a)
Identiff EACH of the structures labelled
(i)
A
(ii) c
(iii)
G
....................
(3 marks)
(b)
Which letter represents the structure that
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
converts light energy to nerve impulses
refracts light and helps the eyeball keep its shape
supports the lens?
(3 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0I253020|JANUARY 2018
L
HH
ltruill[]lmm[mllfllffiflilmffill]
0125302010
J
r
(c)
ll
-l
-
Nigel was previously able to read the newspaper by holding it about 20 cm away from
his eyes. Now that he is 55 years old, he must hold the paper 60 cm away from his eyes
in order to read it.
(i)
Name the condition Nigel has developed and state the cause of the condition.
(3 marks)
(ii)
What type of lens should be used to correct the problem?
(l
(d)
mark)
Nigel's wife is also having vision problems. She was diagnosed with hypertension
five years ago. Suggest a possible eye disease that she may have developed and how it
may be treated.
(2 marks)
(e)
Lee's best friend told her that "our eyes really see things upside down". Lee is confused
by this statement because she sees everything right side up. Is Lee's friend telling the
truth? Explain your response.
(3 marks)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0I253020(JANUARY 2018
L
ffi
1
|il||
ilil ilil tililtililil tffi
il]t
ilu tffi il1ilil
0125302011
J
r
4.
-t2(a)
(i)
-|
List THREE aspects of antenatal care that the doctor should monitor during
a
woman's pregnancy.
(3 marks)
(ii)
state THREE reasons why mothers should breastfeed their babies.
(3 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0t253020llANUARY 2018
L
H#
I
lllil
ilt ffi ffir !illr ilil ffi
lllll
ill
0125302012
lffi llll llll
J
r
-l
-13(b)
(i)
Three women attend a family planning clinic. Mandy is newly married and does
not want to have children right away. Susan has four children and does not want
any more. Helen's religious views prohibit her from using artificial contraception.
Advise EACH woman on her BEST option for contraception, giving an explanation
for EACH option.
Mandy
Susan
Helen
(6 marks)
(ii)
Vernon and Phyllis have a casual sexual relationship. Phyllis insists that Vemon use
a condom during sexual intercourse. Suggest TWO benefits and ONE limitation
of using condoms.
Benefits .........
Limitation
(3 marks)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0I253020{JANUARY 2018
L
ffi
r
rilil
ffi
flilr
flil !ilt ffi flil flfi IIu ffit
0125302013
ilil
til
J
r
-l
-14SECTION B
AnswerALL questions in this section.
s.
(a)
Obesity is linked to many diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, in the Caribbean.
List THREE other diseases that are associated
take to treat obesity.
with obesity, and THREE steps one can
Diseases associated with obesity
Steps to treat obesity
(6 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0I2'3020{JANUARY 2018
L
ffi
I[ffi fl]ffill flil illl flillffi ilfll]fll ffi
0125302014
il
lIll
J
r
.l
-15(b)
(i)
Cindy was diagnosed with Type II diabetes mellitus. Explain TWO differences
between Type I and Type II diabetes.
(4 marks)
(ii)
Outline FIVE effects of uncontrolled diabetes.
(5 marks)
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
0I253020(JANUARY 2018
L
[id
I
fffl l]il ffi fl] fiil tfl IIti f,il l]ll
0125302015
ill
ffi
l|il
J
r
6.
-l
-16-
After severe flooding, the residents of a village are advised not to drink the water until the water
authority says that it is safe to do so. This action is necessary because while some bacteria are
not harmful to humans, others can cause serious harm.
(a)
Describe how a sample of water is tested for bacteria in a school laboratory, and state
TWO ways in which the floodwater could be purified at home'
Test for Bacteria:
Ways of purifying water at home: .......
(6 marks)
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
01253020/IANUARY 2018
L
[Eru
I
till lffi ffi llfl lffi ffi !]l! llil illl
0125302016
lllll lfl
llll
I
r
-l
-17 (b)
For a Human and Social Biology project, your class decides to investigate what happens to
the garbage generated from the school fair. You and your classmates track the movement
of the garbage from your school to the landfill.
Discuss the disposal of garbage from collection at your school to its arrival at the landfill
In your discussion, include an explanation of the operations at the landfill.
(9 marks)
Total 15 marks
END OF TEST
IFYOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CIIECK YOUR WORK ON TIIIS TEST.
L
ffi
0t253020tlANUARY 2018
l
lltf,
ilil flililtilt ilt[
ililt
ilflilufl!il ffiilil til
0125302017
J
r
-l
- l8 EXTRA SPACE
If you
use this extra page, you MUST
write the question number clearly in the box provided.
Question No.
0|253020/JANUARY 2018
L
H#
ffi
illl
lllfl
012530201
lll]
I
llffi llll
llll
_l
CARIBBEAN
E XAM I NAT I O N S
COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®
EXAMINATION
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Front Page Bar Code
16 JANUARY 2019 (a.m.)
FILL IN ALL THE INFORMATION REQUESTED CLEARLY IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
TEST CODE
SUBJECT
0
1
2
5
3
0
2
0
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY – Paper 02
PROFICIENCY
GENERAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER
SCHOOL/CENTRE NUMBER
NAME OF SCHOOL/CENTRE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Current Bar Code
CANDIDATE’S FULL NAME (FIRST, MIDDLE, LAST)
DATE OF BIRTH
D
D
M
M
Y
Y
Y
SIGNATURE __________________________________________________
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
Y
IS
TH
T
NO
ON
E
PA
G
TE
RI
W
DO
TEST CODE
FORM TP 2019014
CARIBBEAN
01253020
JANUARY 2019
E XAM I NAT I O N S
COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®
EXAMINATION
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY
Paper 02 – General Proficiency
2 hours
READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.
1.
This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections.
2.
Answer ALL questions.
3.
Do NOT write in the margins.
4.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.
5.
If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.
6.
If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly
in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant,
include the question part beside the answer.
DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Copyright © 2018 Caribbean Examinations Council
All rights reserved.
01253020/JANUARY 2019
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in this section.
1.
Figure 1 shows the image of an upper limb. The image shows a skeletal muscle labelled A which
forms one of a pair of antagonistic muscles.
Figure 1. Skeletal muscles of an upper limb
(a)
(i)
Identify the muscle labelled A.
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(ii)
Name the muscle that is antagonistic to the muscle named in (a) (i).
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA -4-
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA -5(b)
Contraction and relaxation of the skeletal muscles in Figure 1 are necessary for locomotion.
(i)
Explain how these muscles work together to cause movement of the forearm.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
(ii)
State TWO reasons why locomotion is important to humans.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
(c)
Malaria and dengue are two diseases that are prevalent throughout the Caribbean.
Table 1 and Table 2 show the incidence of the diseases in two Caribbean islands, X and
Y, during the period 1990 to 1994.
TABLE 1: NUMBER OF CASES OF DENGUE FEVER
IN CARIBBEAN ISLAND X BETWEEN 1990 AND 1994
Year
Number of Cases of
Dengue Fever
1990
160
1991
125
1992
80
1993
50
1994
0
TABLE 2: NUMBER OF CASES OF MALARIA IN
CARIBBEAN ISLAND Y BETWEEN 1990 AND 1994
(i)
Year
Number of Cases of
Malaria
1990
30
1991
0
1992
45
1993
70
1994
117
On the grid provided on page 7, plot a bar graph to show the number of dengue
cases and malaria cases in EACH year shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
(3 marks)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA -6-
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA -7-
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
(ii)
Which island had the greater number of cases of disease during the period 1990–
1994?
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(iii)
Suggest THREE reasons that could account for the pattern shown in the number
of dengue cases in Caribbean island X.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
(iv)
State TWO similarities between malaria and dengue.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA -8-
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA -92.
(a)
Define the term ‘excretion’. ..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
(b)
Figure 2 shows a diagram of structures of the excretory system.
Figure 2. Structures of the excretory system
Match EACH function below with its appropriate structure by writing the letters, A, B,
C or D in the spaces provided. (Please note that there are more structures given than
there are functions).
(i)
The structure that carries blood away from the kidney ..........................................
(1 mark)
(ii)
The structure that houses the Bowman’s capsule
..........................................
(1 mark)
(iii)
The structure through which urine leaves the body
(iv)
..........................................
(1 mark)
The structure that stores urine..........................................
(1 mark)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
(c)
Reba is 50 pounds overweight. Her doctor tells her that she has developed diabetes mellitus.
(i)
Predict THREE effects Reba may experience if she leaves her diabetes unmanaged.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
(ii)
State THREE recommendations which Reba’s doctor may suggest to help her
manage her diabetes.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
(iii)
Reba’s husband, Mike, is a high-powered lawyer who is also overweight and smokes
for relaxation. Suggest ONE disease that Mike could be at risk for developing and
give TWO symptoms of the disease.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 10 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 11 3.
(a)
The nervous system, together with the endocrine system, regulates all of the activities of
the human body. It consists of two major divisions, the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system.
(i)
Name the TWO main components of the central nervous system.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
(ii)
Name the main component of the peripheral nervous system.
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(b)
The table below shows FOUR functions of different parts of the brain.
Functions of the Brain
A − Controls heart rate and blood pressure
B − Secretes hormones that control growth and metabolism
C − Controls conscious thought, memory and learning
D − Coordinates balance, posture and movement
Match EACH part of the brain below with its appropriate function by writing the letters,
A, B, C or D in the spaces provided. (Please note that there are more functions listed
than there are parts of the brain.)
(i)
Cerebrum
..................................................................
(1 mark)
(ii)
Cerebellum
..................................................................
(1 mark)
(iii)
Pituitary gland
..................................................................
(1 mark)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
(c)
During a Human and Social Biology class, a teacher explained the difference between
voluntary and involuntary actions.
Name ONE voluntary action and explain how the action occurs.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(d)
Identify TWO drugs which act as stimulants and ONE drug which acts as a depressant.
Stimulant
.....................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Depressant
(e)
.....................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
Differentiate between ‘physical drug dependence’ and ‘psychological drug dependence’.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
Total 15 marks
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 12 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 13 -
NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
4.
(a)
Conrad and his sister, April, are fraternal twins.
(i)
State the genotype that determines the gender of Conrad and the gender of April.
Genotype of Conrad
Genotype of April
...........................................................................................
...........................................................................................
(2 marks)
(ii)
Identify the chromosome that makes Conrad male and the chromosome that makes
April female.
Male chromosome...........................................................................................
Female chromosome...........................................................................................
(2 marks)
(b)
Figure 3 shows a karyotype of an individual with a genetic disorder that occurs on
chromosome 21.
Figure 3. Karyotype of genetic disorder
(i)
Name the disorder that this individual may have.
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(ii)
State which parent(s) passes on the chromosome that determines the sex of this
individual.
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 14 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 15 (iii)
State whether or not this disease can be inherited.
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(c)
Define the term ‘degenerative disease’.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
(d)
Haemophilia and sickle-cell anaemia are both genetic disorders. State TWO similarities
and TWO differences between these diseases.
Similarities
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
Differences
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(6 marks)
Total 15 marks
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
SECTION B
Answer ALL questions in this section.
5.
(a)
Due to the worldwide prevalence of diseases, health and health-related issues have become
a major concern. Personal hygiene is extremely important to one’s overall good health
and when neglected, certain infections can develop.
(i)
Define the term ‘good health’.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(ii)
Name TWO infections that could develop as a result of improper personal hygiene.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 16 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 17 (b)
Many pathogens are foodborne and therefore it is extremely important to ensure that food
is as free as possible from pathogens.
Describe TWO named methods by which pathogens may be removed from foods.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(6 marks)
(c)
Antibiotics can be used to treat some infections but their use has been abused. One issue
that has arisen as a result of the abuse of antibiotics is drug sensitivity.
Identify and explain ONE other issue relating to the overuse of antibiotics, which could
make them ineffective.
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
Total 15 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
6.
(a)
On a field trip, David visited the municipal sewage treatment plant.
(i)
List FOUR stages in the sewage treatment process he would have observed.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(ii)
Name TWO unsafe methods of sewage disposal used in the home.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 18 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 19 (b)
Benjamin has a pit latrine that is filled with faecal matter due to slow decomposition. He
is thinking of using the contents of the latrine to fertilize his garden.
(i)
Advise Benjamin as to whether this is a good idea. State THREE reasons to support
your response.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)
(ii)
Suggest TWO actions Benjamin should take when his pit latrine is filled with
faecal matter.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
01253020/JANUARY 2019
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
(c)
Charlotte walks through her sweet potato patch and notices that one vine has larger leaves
than the other vines. She later discovers that the vine with larger leaves produces very
large sweet potatoes.
(i)
Name the event that could have caused the difference in the size of the leaves and
the sweet potatoes.
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(ii)
State TWO reasons why the event named in (c) (i) is beneficial.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
Total 15 marks
END OF TEST
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
01253020/JANUARY 2019
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 20 -
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 21 EXTRA SPACE
If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.
Question No.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
01253020/JANUARY 2019
EXTRA SPACE
If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.
Question No.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*”
Sequential Bar Code
01253020/JANUARY 2019
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA - 22 -
IS
TH
T
NO
ON
E
PA
G
TE
RI
W
DO
CANDIDATE’S RECEIPT
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
1.
Fill in all the information requested clearly in capital letters.
TEST CODE:
SUBJECT:
PROFICIENCY:
0
1
2
5
3
0
2
0
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY – Paper 02
GENERAL
REGISTRATION NUMBER:
FULL NAME: ________________________________________________________________
(BLOCK LETTERS)
Signature: ____________________________________________________________________
Date: ________________________________________________________________________
2.
Ensure that this slip is detached by the Supervisor or Invigilator and given to you when you
hand in this booklet.
3.
Keep it in a safe place until you have received your results.
INSTRUCTION TO SUPERVISOR/INVIGILATOR:
Sign the declaration below, detach this slip and hand it to the candidate as his/her receipt for this booklet
collected by you.
I hereby acknowledge receipt of the candidate’s booklet for the examination stated above.
Signature: _____________________________
Supervisor/Invigilator
Date: _________________________________