UNDERSTANDING THE SELF 1. According to Socrates, what constitutes the true self? * 1/1 A. Reputation B. Body C. Soul D. Social status Feedback Socrates believed that the true self is the soul, which is immortal and unchanging, unlike the physical body. 2. What does Socrates mean by "Ignorance is the beginning of wisdom"? * 1/1 A. Rejecting all knowledge B. Understanding our own limitations C. The importance of education D. The unreliability of senses Feedback B. Understanding our own limitations This statement reflects the idea that recognizing one's ignorance is the first step towards gaining true knowledge. 3. Plato's concept of the soul is characterized by its: * 1/1 A. Temporal nature B. Tripartite division C. Physical manifestation D. Singularity Feedback B. Tripartite division Plato described the soul as having three parts: rational, spirited, and appetitive. 4. Aristotle's view of the self differs from Plato's in that he believed:* 1/1 A. The soul is immortal B. The body and soul are separate C. The self is a composite of body and soul D. Happiness is unattainable Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. The self is a composite of body and soul Unlike Plato, Aristotle viewed the human person as a combination of both body and soul. 5. St. Augustine's concept of self emphasizes:* 1/1 A. The body as the true self B. Happiness in material possessions C. The soul's relationship to God D. Independence from divine influence Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. The soul's relationship to God St. Augustine believed that true happiness and the self's identity are found in relation to God. 6. St. Thomas Aquinas argued that truths of reason and divine revelation:* 1/1 A. Always contradict each other B. Are sourced from different deities C. Can never contradict each other D. Are irrelevant to the self Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. Can never contradict each other Aquinas held that reason and divine revelation, both emanating from God, are harmonious. 7. Descartes' famous statement "I think, therefore I am" suggests that:* 1/1 A. Thought is secondary to existence B. The body is more important than the mind C. Existence is proven by the act of thinking D. Physical reality is an illusion Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. Existence is proven by the act of thinking Descartes asserted that the ability to think is proof of one's existence. 8. John Locke's concept of the 'Tabula Rasa' refers to:* 1/1 A. Predestined knowledge B. The mind as a blank slate C. Inherited intelligence D. The impossibility of learning Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. The mind as a blank slate Locke believed that the mind at birth is a blank slate and knowledge is acquired through experience. 9. Immanuel Kant distinguished the self into:* 1/1 A. Inner and outer self B. Body and soul C. Mind and matter D. Rational and irrational self Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: A. Inner and outer self Kant made a distinction between the psychological and rational inner self, and the physical outer self. 10. Merleau-Ponty's view of the self emphasizes:* 1/1 A. The division of mind and body B. The union of mind and body C. The irrelevance of physical experience D. The supremacy of the mind Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. The union of mind and body Merleau-Ponty believed in the inextricable connection between mind and body in human experience. 11. According to George Herbert Mead, the self is:* 1/1 A. Pre-existent at birth B. Developed through inherited traits C. Formed through social experiences D. Uninfluenced by society Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. Formed through social experiences Mead's view is that the self is not present at birth but is developed and shaped through social interactions and experiences. 12. Charles Cooley's concept of the 'Looking-Glass Self' involves: * 1/1 A. Sole focus on internal self-perception B. Imagining how others view us C. Rejecting societal influences D. Relying exclusively on personal beliefs Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. Imagining how others view us Cooley's theory suggests that our self-image is shaped by how we think others perceive us, highlighting the social aspect of self-identity. 13. In the context of Filipino culture, 'Bayanihan' reflects the:* 1/1 A. Individualistic nature of Western thought. B. Collective aspect of Eastern philosophy. C. Western focus on material success. D. Eastern emphasis on spiritual enlightenment. Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. Collective aspect of Eastern philosophy 'Bayanihan', the Filipino tradition of communal unity and cooperation, exemplifies the Eastern emphasis on collectivism and community. 14. The American emphasis on the 'American Dream', which promotes the idea of success through hard work and determination, aligns closely with: * 1/1 A. Eastern values of collectivism and community welfare. B. Western ideals of individualism and self-made success. C. The anthropological concept of cultural relativism. D. Eastern philosophy's emphasis on spiritual fulfillment. Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. Western ideals of individualism and self-made success The 'American Dream' is emblematic of Western values, particularly in the United States, where individual effort, ambition, and the pursuit of personal success are highly esteemed. 15. In studying the impact of fast-food culture in the United States, an anthropologist focusing only on its nutritional aspects and ignoring its social and economic dimensions is likely falling into the pitfall of: * 0/1 A. Stratigraphic approach. B. Reductionism. C. Cultural relativism. D. Ethnocentrism. Correct answer B. Reductionism. Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. Reductionism By concentrating solely on the nutritional perspective and neglecting the broader social and economic contexts, the anthropologist is engaging in reductionism. This approach oversimplifies a complex phenomenon by reducing it to a single aspect, failing to capture the multifaceted nature of fast-food culture in American society. 16. The Physical Self primarily refers to: * 1/1 A. Emotional characteristics B. Tangible, concrete part of a person C. Digital presence D. Political beliefs Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. Tangible, concrete part of a person The Physical Self encompasses the body and its physical attributes, which are directly observable and tangible. 17. During prenatal development, both male and female embryos initially have: * 1/1 A. Different reproductive ducts B. The same reproductive ducts C. Fully developed external organs D. Distinct hormonal compositions Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. The same reproductive ducts Initially, both male and female embryos possess the same reproductive ducts, which later differentiate. 18. In the context of the Sexual Self, 'Masculinization' primarily involves: * 1/1 A. Development of female secondary sex characteristics B. Increase in estrogen levels C. Growth of muscle mass and facial hair D. Maturation of the uterus Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. Growth of muscle mass and facial hair Masculinization refers to the development of male secondary sex characteristics, such as increased muscle mass and facial hair growth. 19. Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) results in individuals with XY genotype developing: * 1/1 A. Male appearance and internal organs B. Female appearance with incomplete female internal organs C. Fully developed male and female organs D. No external sexual characteristics Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. Female appearance with incomplete female internal organs AIS leads to a female appearance in genetic males, with an underdeveloped internal female reproductive system. 20. Gender Identity is best described as: * 0/1 A. External expression of gender B. Biological characteristics of gender C. Internal awareness of one’s gender D. Sexual orientation Correct answer C. Internal awareness of one’s gender Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. Internal awareness of one’s gender Gender Identity refers to a person's internal understanding and identification as male, female, a blend of both, or neither. 21. The term 'Cisgender' is used to describe individuals who: * 1/1 A. Identify with a gender different from their birth sex B. Have undergone gender reassignment surgery C. Identify with their sex assigned at birth D. Do not conform to traditional gender roles Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. Identify with their sex assigned at birth Cisgender individuals have a gender identity that aligns with their sex assigned at birth. 22. 'Material Self' includes all of the following EXCEPT: * 1/1 A. Body and physical appearance B. Possessions and properties C. Immediate family members D. Spiritual beliefs Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: D. Spiritual beliefs The Material Self encompasses the body, possessions, and immediate family, but not spiritual beliefs, which are part of the Spiritual Self. 23. The concept of 'Spirituality' in relation to the Self is primarily concerned with: * 1/1 A. Material success and wealth B. Search for purpose and meaning in life C. External physical appearance D. Political ideologies Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. Search for purpose and meaning in life Spirituality relates to the quest for existential understanding, purpose, and meaning in life. 24. Religiosity differs from Spirituality in that it: * 0/1 A. Focuses on personal beliefs without organized practices B. Is not concerned with moral and ethical questions C. Involves adherence to specific beliefs and practices of a religious tradition D. Is exclusively a personal and individual experience Correct answer C. Involves adherence to specific beliefs and practices of a religious tradition Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. Involves adherence to specific beliefs and practices of a religious tradition Religiosity is characterized by engagement in and commitment to the practices and beliefs of an organized religion. 25. The concept of the 'Political Self' is significant in understanding: * 1/1 A. Only one's digital identity B. One's function and role in society C. Physical attributes and characteristics D. Spiritual and religious beliefs Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. One's function and role in society The Political Self helps individuals comprehend and effectively function within societal structures and systems. 26. In the Digital Self, 'Self-representation' refers to: * 1/1 A. Physical appearance in the real world B. The way one presents themselves online C. Material possessions D. Spiritual beliefs and practices Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. The way one presents themselves online Self-representation in the digital realm is about how individuals choose to present themselves on digital platforms. 27. The 'Digital Self' is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: * 0/1 A. Organic development through direct interactions B. Being deliberately constructed C. Having a disembodied presence online D. Limited to offline interactions Correct answer A. Organic development through direct interactions Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: A. Organic development through direct interactions The 'Digital Self' is typically characterized by a deliberately constructed identity and a disembodied presence online. However, it does not usually develop organically through direct, face-to-face interactions, which is more characteristic of the 'Real Self' in physical spaces. 28. '5-Alpha-Reductase Deficiency' is a condition where individuals: * 0/1 A. Have fully developed male external organs from birth B. Develop male secondary sex characteristics at puberty C. Do not experience any puberty changes D. Develop female secondary sex characteristics despite being XY Correct answer B. Develop male secondary sex characteristics at puberty Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: B. Develop male secondary sex characteristics at puberty Individuals with this condition often have ambiguous genitalia at birth and develop male secondary sex characteristics during puberty. 29. The concept of 'Bisexual' in the context of sexual orientation refers to: * 1/1 A. Lack of sexual attraction to any gender B. Attraction to people irrespective of their gender C. Attraction to both males and females D. Fluidity in gender identity Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. Attraction to both males and females Bisexuality is the sexual orientation where an individual is attracted to both male and female genders. 30. In the context of the 'Material Self', the 'Extra-corporeal Self' refers to: * 1/1 A. Internal organs and physical health B. Online digital presence C. Tangible objects and people considered as 'ours' D. Spiritual and religious beliefs Feedback CORRECT ANSWER: C. Tangible objects and people considered as 'ours' The Extra-corporeal Self includes possessions, places, and people that an individual identifies with and considers as extensions of themselves.
