English HL
Diamond Boy
Study Notes
Diamond Boy
By Michael Williams
#1
Introduction
These notes and activities will guide you through the novel and prepare you for your tests and exams.
The resource pack should be used in conjuction with the Oxford edition of the text as it includes
comprehensive questions on the chapters, with suggested answers provided online. The text also
provides thought-provoking questions in the margin which alert you to specific aspects of the text:
characterisation, style, plot, themes etc.
Having a good overview of the text you are studying ensures more confidence when selecting and/or
completing an exam question.
You can prepare for your exam by making sure you have a good understanding of the Plot, the
Character and the Themes.
#2
The Plot
•
What is the text all about? What happens?
•
What causes conflict and how is it resolved?
•
What is the height of the conflict?
•
Is it personal, found in the action or do the
circumstances or setting contribute to the drama?
TAKE NOTE:
It is a good idea to draw a timeline of the full action,
identifying the points of conflict and their resolution. Make as
many notes around the timeline as possible.
Why is it Important to Know the Plot?
v By knowing and understanding the plot, you can
immediately place a contextual extract in context.
v You are then able to recall what happens before or
after the extract. This is important as it is very probable
that the extract has been selected because it forms part
of a dramatic event, results in one, or follows on from
one.
v When writing an essay, specifics of what happens can
be vital in shaping your opinion and argument.
REMEMBER:
The Oxford text provides a wide range of questions to guide you
through the plot.
#3
The Characters
•
You need to get to know the characters. You read about what
they do, but you also need to read between the lines.
•
What do their actions and words tell you about them?
•
What do other people say about them?
•
What are their motivations?
•
Are they honest or are they not what they appear to be?
•
Are they flat or round characters? Do they grow, change or
develop, or do they stay the same?
REMEMBER:
Remember to include quotes to support your opinions as you may need these
if you decide to complete an essay question rather than a contextual question.
Why is it Important to Know
About the Characters?
v The focus of your contextual question may be related to
how and why characters are reacting in a particular
way.
v If you understand the characters, and have an opinion
of them, you will be guided to answer the question
accurately BUT do remember to look at the question
carefully as it may be specific to the extract, or it may
require you to consider the character in terms of the full
text.
v Understanding what makes characters ‘tick’ can offer
excellent guidance when completing an essay.
TAKE NOTE:
For each character, use the CHARACTER TEMPLATE page provided below,
where you can jot down details as you read the novel, and then summarise the
development or change (if any) in the character. Adapt the template to suit
your needs.
Character Template
Info From the Text:
Actions and Words That Reveal a
Character’s Personality:
Name of Character:
__________________
Characteristics of Person:
Quotes to Support Your Notes
After reading the whole novel, summarise how the character has changed,
grown or developed:
#4
The Themes
•
What are the messages or motifs that occur throughout the text?
•
What ultimately, does the text say?
Why is it Important to Know the Themes?
v It is quite likely that a theme may be referred to in a
contextual question – either specifically, or you may be
asked to relate a theme to the text as a whole.
TAKE NOTE:
It is a good idea to draw a mindmap for each theme so that you know which
characters and parts of the plot support a particular theme.
A THEME MINDMAP TEMPLATE is included below, but get creative – you can
reflect the theme in any way that will allow you to recall the details.
Theme Mindmap Template
GET CREATIVE!
Find evidence,
provide quotes
and show links.
Theme:
______________
Contents
•
Introduction
•
The Settings (an important aspect in the novel)
•
A chapter summary, with references to characters and themes
•
Characters
•
Themes
•
Issues for discussion
•
Revision questions and answers: contextual and essay
Working through this resource pack will give you an excellent knowledge of the text,
while at the same time encouraging you to add your own thoughts and opinions.
Introduction
diamond boy is, in a sense, an adventure story – but one that confronts the reality of life in an African
country whose economy and proud way of life has been eroded to nothing more than meaningless
money, poverty, hunger and hardship. This story, the author hopes, will encourage young readers to
take a more active interest in what is happening in Africa. He also notes, “And if you see a little of
yourself in Patson’s story, then that’s what this reading and writing thing is all about.”
The author portrays a bleak and cruel world, one in which most people are intent on enriching their
own lives, ambitions and well-being in the pursuit of wealth. However, this is balanced by the sense of
courage and optimism found in some of the young characters, and the restorative power of love and
family.
Michael Williams has written a number of novels for young adults, often focusing on harsher aspects
of life but there is always a sense that hardship or challenges ultimately enrich your life. The criticism
of the ruthless authorities in diamond boy cannot be missed.
This is a novel about greed and corruption. It shows the lengths to which people will go in order to
gain wealth. In the novel it is the promise of finding alluvial diamonds that is the motivating force. It
brings with it suffering and tragedy, humiliation and dehumanisation. People allow their most basic
instincts to take over in their search for that one stone that will turn their fortunes around.
It also tells of the courage and fortitude of many of the people who gather at the diggings. There are
true friendships formed, close bonds established, people who sacrifice the little they have to share
with others. All this is played off against the brutality of the Robert Mugabe regime in post-colonial
Zimbabwe.
The novel takes the reader on the personal journey of fifteen-year-old Patson and his family as they
stumble into a world that is completely foreign to them: Marange, the very heart of the country’s illegal
diamond trade. Inadvertently, they are caught up in the wild rush for instant wealth that can still be
found in the diggings.
There are moments of vivid brutality and blood-letting, the killing of innocent people in search of the
wealth that could bring a better life – and, in some rare cases, wealth beyond imagination.
Above all though, it is the story of a personal journey to adulthood: a rite of passage novel. It is by no
means an easy journey, but rather one fraught with unknown challenges and setbacks. It tells of the
curbing of personal freedom, of serving as nothing more than a serf grovelling in the pit, ever anxious
to make that big ‘strike’. The reader is often faced with the tragic reality of life in Zimbabwe at this
time (2007-2008). The country is seen as bleak and poverty-stricken, subjected to the rule of a
ruthless dictator with an army under his control.
There are many scenes of true suffering as the people of this ravished country try, at very least, to
just survive. Greed and corruption are everywhere – but so is love and compassion, and the strength
of the human spirit to overcome what seems to be insurmountable obstacles and setbacks.
Central to reading this novel is the idea of a journey. This is a common theme in literature, and also in
dramas and films. There is a starting point and an end destination. At the beginning of the novel the
reader is unaware how the journey will end. The pleasure and enjoyment in reading the novel is in
sharing with Patson the events that will eventually lead him to manhood and acceptance of his newly
acquired disability and wealth. It is therefore a novel of hope, courage: triumph of decency over
adversity and evil. It is also a novel that looks at the value of true friendship and the bonds that unite
a family.
Setting
Before reading the novel you are encouraged to look at the notes on page 242. This will give you the
necessary background information about the diamond fields of Marange where much of the story
takes place.
You should also consult the map on page 5 as a point of reference. The novel moves through several
physical locations.
The story begins in the relative safety and security of a
Bulawayo which has been left behind. It moves to the turbulent and ever-threatening location of the
mining area of Marange, near Mutare. The mine itself is described in great and disturbing detail, as
are the deprived living conditions.
As they set out to escape and find Grace, the story moves to Beit Bridge border post. When things
go wrong at the border it is necessary to cross the Limpopo River. This is another obstacle and
challenge that must be met and overcome. Even South Africa is seen as a place of threat and danger
to refugees fleeing Zimbabwe. The Kruger Park episode is particularly frightening, as are the scenes
of uncontrolled violence and carnage in Zimbabwe.
Then there is the journey across South Africa, starting with the episode at the Flying Tomato Farm
and the trip through Musina in the back of a police van.
As the story moves towards the conclusion there is the incident at Johannesburg station. This is
followed by the race to Cape Town through the Karoo, with a fever-chilled Patson moving in and out
of consciousness. The episode in which we share in Patson’s feverish hallucinations brings with it
another ‘journey’ that has to be travelled by the emerging man that Patson will become.
Overall, the settings (even some of the hospital scenes) are bleak and devoid of hope. It is only at the
conclusion of the novel that we realise the author’s manipulation of the story to create an ending that
brings, for the reader, some satisfaction in knowing that good (in spite of dishonesty) does exist – and
so brings closure to the story of Patson and his diamonds.
Overall, the author portrays a relentless society in pursuit of
wealth and self- centred intentions. This increases our
appreciation of those few who strive to make the world a
better place. This is the Africa the author chooses to depict.
Questions to Consider
What does the story gain or lose by being set in a
foreign country (if you are a South African reader)?
Is crossing the border at Beit Bridge ever easy?
What does it involve?
Which elements of tension are added by having the
characters move through the Kruger Park?
Would it have been as exciting if the plot had been
resolved in Johannesburg? What are the pros and
cons of having it end in Johannesburg, or in Cape
Town?
Is it significant that the story ends in the presence of
Table Mountain?
A Short Summary
There are five sections, plus a prologue. Each section deals with an aspect of Patson’s journey to
adulthood. It also tells of the journey of the Moyo family that consists of Joseph (the father), Sylvia
(the stepmother, also known as the Wife) and Grace (the younger daughter). For Patson this is a
journey that includes physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual challenges in order, finally, to
find inner peace and acceptance of his physical disability.
There is also a diary entry at the end of each section. These serve as the personal reflections of
Patson on the events that have taken place.
The text provides questions on each section, which guide you in the knowledge of the plot. The
following are brief notes on each section, with reference to characters and themes.
#1
Prologue (Page 6)
The novel opens with a question. This short passage serves as an introduction to what will happen as
the story progresses. It also establishes the physical predicament that Patson will have to face and
endure.
• How does the idea of taking an incident from later in the novel influence the reader?
• What can the reader establish about the relationship of Patson and his father?
FOCUS ON THEMES:
How is the idea of the importance of love and family
introduced in the prologue?
#2
Journey (Chapters 1-7)
• The journey has already begun – the Moyo family are on their way to Mutare – the reason: poverty
and lack of money in Bulawayo. Take careful note of the following, at the beginning of Patson’s
journey:
‘My father always said a journey should change your life in some way. Well, I suppose that
when you have nothing, a journey promises everything. As long as we arrived at a place
better than the one we had left, I would be happy. I had known for some time that my family
was headed downhill.
I could see it in the drawn face of my father as yet another day passed with no food in the
house.’ (page 8)
• Torturous and dangerous journey – Patson leaves behind his girlfriend, Sheena – father has
promise of teaching position – abandoned by driver – meet Boubacar from DRC – family walk rest
of the way, escorted by Boubacar.
• James Bonda family – immediate problem with family sibling, Jamu – violent uncle who is part
‘owner’ in syndicated mine – has illegal diamonds for sale – Joseph discovers the school no longer
exists – father and son to work as miners – section ends.
DISCUSSION:
After reading the novel, did this journey change their lives for better or worse?
DIARY ENTRY:
What’s wrong with having plenty of money? Money makes things happen, money makes you
feel good. It can buy you knowledge and respect. It can inspire you to do good things. When I
leave the mines, I’m going to be rich and I will show my father that I can be a man …
Tomorrow: the mines of Marange. (page 56)
DEBATE:
Does money always buy respect?
DISCUSSION:
Does money always make you feel good?
FOCUS ON CHARACTERS:
Make a start on your character templates. Here are some ideas to get you started:
« Patson: optimistic, practical, brave, solution finder, loyal, lured by
idea of immense wealth
« His father: practical, academic, honourable
« Grace: peacemaker, carer, supportive, loving
« The Wife: stereotype, demanding, spoilt, self-absorbed, entitled.
« Boubacar: strong, fearsome, hard but kind, practical, reliable
FOCUS ON THEMES:
How are the following themes starting to emerge?
« A Journey
« Greed and Corruption
« Lies and Deceit vs. The Truth
« The importance of family
What are the implications of Patson not telling Sheena the truth?
#3
Mining (Chapters 8-15)
• Moyo family evicted from farmhouse – must live in shacks at back of house – new life, new
domestic hardships, but also close and shared family happiness (without Sylvia, who stays in the
house).
• Visit to Bonda Hill, richest mine in Marange.
• Month later both father and son are working as miners, chipping away at rock face.
• Patson meets new friends, including Arves who is HIV positive.
• Another month passes – the intention of everyone is to strike it lucky and smuggle out a small
(ngoda) or bigger (girazi) diamond.
• Patson finds a girazi – hides it.
• Visits a dealer, Farouk Abdullah (the Baron) in Mutange town – shows the stones collected by his
group, the gwejana – Patson negotiates and sells small stones – deal is made to Patson’s
advantage.
• Patson shares takings with family – he is accepted into the company of men now.
• Patson moves the big stone (girazi) in the sole of his running shoe.
DIARY ENTRY:
I am no longer a schoolboy but a diamond miner. (page 112)
FOCUS ON CHARACTERS:
Update your character templates and start new ones for Jamu, Arves
and Determine. Use one page for the other members of the gwejama.
Patson’s friends ask him about his ancestory – is he really a prince?
Although he may not be a real prince, consider which qualities Patson
has that could be regarded as regal/royal.
FOCUS ON THEMES:
Update your mindmaps and consider how the following themes are emerging:
« Love in various forms: husband-wife; family relationships; friendships
« Loss
« Fear and suffering
« Overcoming adversity
#4
Soldiers (Chapters 16-21)
• Arrival of Mugabe soldiers – take over mine for government.
• Boys taken into custody – must continue to work as miners.
• Commander Jesus in charge: arrogant, ruthless and dangerous.
• Scenes of brutality as Uncle James and miners tortured, and many killed, buried in mass graves.
• Patson finds second girazi.
• Arves desperately needs medication – Patson sneaks out at night – sees his sister and hears that
his father is dead (unconvinced) – Wife seen dancing for Commander Jesus – Patson throws a
rock through the window.
• Patson meets Arves’ granny – a strange, mysterious, but wise, old woman who is in touch with the
spirits. She has great knowledge of medical herbs and has helped many people.
• The ancestors (sounds like his mother) speak through her to tell Patson to be strong and to “look
to Grace”.
• Patson is given tablets for Arves.
• On return Patson finds third girazi.
• Musi brings Patson his father’s broken glasses – confirmation that he is dead.
• Commander Jesus tells Patson to run for freedom “We only want men who wish to work here” –
Patson steps on a landmine in the surrounding diggings – he has lost a foot, ankle and part of his
leg – taken to Arvie’s grandmother who binds his leg and seals the wound with a hot iron.
DIARY ENTRY:
Who cares where I am or what day it is. Why – that’s all I want to know. Why did this happen? …
Baba, help me. God, help me. I think I am dying. Please let it be the end … (page 156)
FOCUS ON CHARACTERS:
« Remember to continually update your templates
« Add character pages for Uncle James and Jesus
FOCUS ON THEMES:
« Patson and his family and friends have lost a lot, but also gained a lot. Consider what they have
lost and what they have gained.
« Overcoming adversity is becoming an important theme.
How much importance do you place on the role of the
ancestors in people’s lives?
#5
Patson’s Game (Chapters 22-28)
• At the Zimbabwe border – soccer game with ‘Stumpy’ - Patson on crutches – Commander Jesus
also at the border, in search of Patson and the diamonds.
• Flashback – Patson’s experience in hospital at the Mission Station – Patson depressed,
purposeless, in shock – now an amputee – Arves and Boubacar helped Patson after the explosion.
• Granny gives prophetic advice: “All you need is within you, boy.”
After reading the whole novel, discuss the literal and figurative meaning of Granny’s words.
• Boubacar tells Patson that Grace and Arves have disappeared – message from Grace says she’s
going to scout jamboree – Patson knows where he will find Arves – finds his grave – heartbroken
at losing both his father and friend.
• Back at the border Boubacar and Patson hide – they escape with other refugees across the
Limpopo River to South Africa.
• Commander Jesus also on South African side, tracking the pair.
• Refugees are forced to flee through the Kruger Park – dangerous and deadly journey – race to
reach Johannesburg before Grace leaves for Cape Town.
DIARY ENTRY:
(Boubacar) helped me … He taught me what it means to be a man … He is helping me find my
sister … Why is he doing this? Why does he help me? (page 202)
UPDATE YOUR CHARACTER AND THEME PAGES.
« You do not have to restrict your notes to our suggestions.
Your additional ideas are just as valid, as long as you have
quotes and examples to support your opinions.
What does Patson learn from Innocent? What is the importance of
his inclusion in the novel?
#6
Grace (Chapters 29-34)
• Boubacar tells of his past in DRC as soldier – he explains the change that took place, the reason
for his help now.
• Both picked up on the roadside by corrupt policemen in employ of Commander Jesus.
• Boubacar and Patson manage to escape with the clever assistance of Boubacar’s friend.
• They are too late to stop Grace boarding the train for Cape Town – she is being abducted.
• Feverish, Patson retells story of Creation as told to him by his parents. (Refer to page 6 for an
important link.) The story brings him comfort. Also see the final diary entry for an explanation.
• When Commander Jesus and the Wife attempt to abduct him, Patson saved by the hospital staff.
• The doctor informs Patson of diamonds enclosed in the stump by Arves’ grandmother.
• Grace has saved herself by clever plan on board the train.
• The race to Cape Town is retold (and shared with the reader), Patson is now a fully responsible
adult – a man.
• Some discussion about what to do with the diamonds and the money to be made.
• The two Moyo children hold a ceremony to honour their father’s spirit.
• Concluding diary entry – Patson has decided to sell the diamonds – now a rich man – writes about
their plans.
• The long, final diary entry ends with the following:
Baba, this story I have told is who I am today. But when I finally came to this page – this
very last page of the diary you gave me in the tobacco shed – I found a message. The words
were scribbled in the bottom right-hand corner, waiting for me. And it seems only right that
they be the final words of my diary.
I love you both, my parents. (page 239)
• Then comes the final diary entry written by Arves in which he reveals, in code, the hiding place of
the diamonds.
• So the love, compassion and companionship of family and friends has finally led to the man who is
Patson – the man who has shared his story of triumphs and disappointments with all who care to
read diamond boy.
On page 182 Patson writes: My friend and my father – both had
loved me, had wanted only what was best for me, and more than
that … both had encouraged what was best in me.
Consider to what extent this statement is true. Support your ideas
with evidence from the text.
Characters
Some Useful Definitions
Characters in a novel, short story, play, or film can be either
round or flat. A round character is well developed and
usually shows some growth. The reader gets to know them
and they play an important role in the story. Flat characters,
on the other hand, are more like ‘window dressing’. They
are two- dimensional, the reader doesn’t get to know them
well and they usually don’t show any growth. They may be
stereotypes.
Adapted from: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotype
A stereotype is a mistaken idea or belief many people
have about a thing or group that is based upon how they
look on the outside, which may be untrue or only partly true.
Stereotyping people is a type of prejudice because what is
on the outside is a small part of who a person is.
A caricature: a picture, description or imitation of a person in
which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order
to create a comic or grotesque effect.
Adapted from Oxford Dictionary
The author often uses stereotypes, particularly in the case of the minor characters. This does not
mean, however, that there are not flashes of true individuality in many of the characters that pass in
and out of Patson’s life.
These notes provide a brief look at some of the major characters. Use them to fill in any gaps that you
may find in your character templates.
#1
Patson
As he is the narrator and thus the major story teller, Patson is the most interesting. It is Patson that
undergoes change as he commences the journey towards true manhood.
He starts off as a somewhat naïve, innocent city boy. However, forced upon him is a new and brutal
environment – and he must adapt to fit in and survive. Some events bring happiness (like sharing with
family and discovering new friends). Others bring trauma and horror (the arrival of the soldiers). The
way he reacts to these circumstances reveal his courage, loyalty and resilience. All these
experiences contribute to the journey of self-discovery and ultimately maturity.
As the central character, Patson makes the point that growing up, dealing with adversity and taking
responsibility is not easy. He is not immune to being caught up in the excitement of possible wealth
but he does not get corrupted by the thought of wealth. Through his journey he realises the value of
true friendship – the loyalty of friends and family – and the real meaning of wealth. He has seen the
greed and corruption in the mindless pursuit of diamonds and money. The novel ends with a diary
entry in which Patson explains his decision to keep the diamonds, as he believes they were meant as
gifts from his parents, as made clear in his fevered dream in hospital.
It is important to note the qualities of the ‘half-prince’: he is a strong leader, often showing great
courage. He is the one to first approach Boubacar, and when the soldiers arrive he instructs his
friends not to move – running away would give the soldiers reason to shoot them. He can be firm and
authoritative, but also gentle, kind and loving.
QUESTION:
What other princely qualities do you see in him?
#2
Boubacar
He is the other major character in the novel. Boubacar’s kindness, loyalty, guidance and friendship
seem difficult to accept, even perhaps over-exaggerated. However, his life story as a drugged and
indoctrinated soldier in the DRC – and the reminder of his brother and sister he sees in the Moyo
children – explains his devotion to the two siblings (see pages 206–7).
In the novel Boubacar is an icon and a symbol of all that is worthwhile in a human being. Although the
character does have elements of a conventional hero, there is growth and development as he
journeys together with Patson. It is ultimately his goodness and sound values that remain
unshakeable – and that is what we remember.
His presence ensures the survival of Patson and Grace. He also encourages (almost forces) Patson
to go beyond his comfort zone, because it is the right thing to do. (Think of when he makes Patson
climb Gwejana Rock.) Helping them and accepting their love allows him to begin his personal journey
in which he forgives himself for his past actions.
#3
Joseph
The Moyo father is something of a stereotype. He is the academic, the teacher, the loving father who
gives sound and wise advice to his son. He acts as a beacon of inspiration for Patson, and a sound
example to follow.
He is, however, also a disillusioned, humiliated and defeated man – and ultimately another innocent
victim to the corrupt, violent dictatorship that ruled in Zimbabwe. He represents so many disillusioned
and unsuccessful lives lost during that period.
#4
Grace
She characterises all that is young and innocent. She dotes on her brother. Grace is easily taken in
by a corrupt predator. She is a typical ten-year-old: relatively unaware, yet excited to be involved in
what seems like new ventures. But she is also caring and a peacemaker at heart. At times she seems
to take over the role left vacant by her mother, even though she can’t remember her mother. At the
end, she shows courage, determination and initiative. She is, after all, a Moyo and sister to Patson.
Not unlike her brother, her journey to adulthood has begun.
#5
Sylvia
Although a minor character, Sylvia does play an important role in the plot development. She is
portrayed as the cruel and heartless conventional stepmother/second wife. She is self-absorbed,
sensuous and immoral. Sylvia is stereotypical in many ways, but also, at times, a caricature of a
woman without any morals, loyalty or concern for others.
QUESTION:
Why do you think Joseph married Sylvia, and why did she marry Joseph?
#6
Commander Jesus
This character represents all that is wrong in the Mugabe regime. He is the evil, greedy, autocratic
soldier/officer who will stop at nothing to make money. He commands obedience and does not like to
be challenged. He is ruthless and without any trace of humanity. He is indicative of so many
ambitious men who easily slip into the role of brutal dictator. They will stop at nothing to gain power
and wealth.
#7
James Banda
James Banda is Patson’s uncle by marriage. He is a greedy, corrupt man. He is also loud and
abrasive, and feels that he has been cheated by Commander Jesus. He is bitter and lashes out at
others with ease. However, he is ultimately beaten and humiliated, forced to relinquish his diamonds
and work for Commander Jesus. The author includes the character to contrast with Patson’s father,
Joseph, who is caring and kind.
#8
Arves
Arves is a meaningful player in the story of Patson’s journey. He shows true friendship and loyalty.
His courage, as he faces the difficulties of being HIV positive and the inevitability of an early death, is
to be admired. Here is another victim, but one who will have little opportunity to make the journey. But
he never plays ‘the victim’. He has a keen sense of humour and is sensitive and insightful. He is able
to ‘feel’ (see) when Patson has found a stone … perhaps he has inherited some of his grandmother’s
gifts.
It is important to note that, using Arves as a close friend, the author is able to include the
grandmother who, although cast as an old African visionary, is also wise and caring. It is because of
her that Patson is able to keep the diamonds.
Themes
#1
The Journey to Maturity
Manhood, Adulthood
The major theme of the novel concerns Patson’s journey to adulthood. Each of the five sections sees
Patson having to come to terms with new challenges as he encounters circumstances often beyond
his control.
There is a physical journey that spans two countries and, at times, he comes close to death – the final
journey that is not yet planned to
happen for the young Patson. It is, however, also a spiritual and psychological journey. These scenes
bring tension to the novel as we anticipate how Patson will react to each new challenge.
His journey changes his life. By the end of the novel, Patson has accepted that life is filled with
challenges, but also with friendship, love and the acceptance of responsibility. Patson understands
that it is necessary to face adversity in order to move on. He has to face and overcome hardship – no
matter how challenging, or even life-threatening, this may be.
The author chooses to bring complete closure to Patson’s story. The diamonds are sold and the
money put to good use.
TAKE NOTE:
Both Grace and Boubacar embark on journeys of their own.
Make sure that the details are included on your templates.
List the challenges that Patson encounters and how he deals
with them.
#2
Corruption and Greed
The setting is partly responsible for the extent of the corruption and greed, but, of course, human
nature is also at play. The country is impoverished and neglected and it is this that makes Zimbabwe
and many of its people an easy target for corruption. It is greed that motivates the rush to the mines
– but also the necessity to stay alive, to find shelter and food for destitute families.
The novel shows people intent on enriching their own lives, ambitions and well-being, at the expense
of their humanity. Corruption is to be found everywhere: the episode with the crooked South African
policemen shows that greed is a motivating factor not only in Zimbabwe.
Patson also gets caught up in the cycle of greed, wanting to find a diamond that will change their
lives. He briefly questions his father’s judgement and feels some resentment, but his sense of family
and decency never allows him to lose his humanity or moral compass.
DISCUSSION:
It can be argued that the novel is a comment on the political situation as
it was when diamonds were discovered in Marange. Or do you think the
purpose was to show a young man’s growth under trying
circumstances?
#3
Fear, Tension and Suffering
The novel builds suspense and anxiety into the storyline by including many examples of fear, tension
and suffering. The reader keeps wondering whether the main characters will survive.
In the novel, a large portion of the society lives in fear. This is largely on account of circumstances
beyond their control. It is also the result of having to exist in a country depleted of resources and ruled
by an oppressive dictator. Once Commander Jesus arrives at the mines, tension increases, as does
fear and suffering. The powerful, ruthless authority figure intensifies the fear factor. Note how Patson
controls his reactions in order to avoid showing his feelings of fear.
The narrator uses this ever-present fear to create tension in the novel as the characters (and
particularly the narrator, Patson) find themselves caught up in circumstances beyond their control.
Consider how Patson’s father finds the school closed, leaving him without a teaching job. Tension
builds as Patson and Boubacar follow Grace, each time missing her, which increases their concern
for her safety.
The novel is filled with incidents of physical and emotional suffering. Many of the adults are already
caught up in what seems to be a hopeless life of grind and toil. The diamond-rush miners exemplify
these people: they are poverty-stricken and deprived – yet always expectant of finding that one
diamond (girazi) that will allow them to escape. The loss of Patson’s lower limb brings immense
physical, emotional and psychological suffering which he has to master on his journey to maturity.
#4
Love
The effects of loss serve as an important theme that touches the lives of many of the major
characters, including the Moyo and Banda families, and also Boubacar. It is, however, more than just
the absence of physical well-being or daily comforts. It is also the loss of wealth, dignity, family,
friends, health, a limb, life. The story is an acknowledgement that the country has lost direction and
morality.
#5
Lies and Deceit Versus Truth
The novel looks at the role that deception plays in the lives of people, society – and the country as a
whole. But not only the villains lie: even Patson has to lie in order to conceal the diamonds he has
found.
QUESTION:
Why does Patson lie to Sheena and what are the
consequences? How do his actions at the end of the novel
reflect a change in thinking about the truth?
Commander Jesus and Sylvia are good examples of manipulating the truth to suit their own selfish
purposes.
diamond boy encourages the reader to sift through the lies to reveal the truth behind events. It asks
us to examine the characters, their motivation and behaviour in order to determine what is real/honest
and what is false.
In a story that at times appears unrelentingly bleak and pessimistic, the story does ultimately show
the defeat of lies and the triumph of good over evil – but at a cost of much suffering, trauma, hardship
and even death.
#6
Love of Family, Siblings, Friends
The idea of ‘family’ plays an important role in the narrative. Initially it is the support and love of the
Moyo family (his father and sister) that starts Patson on his journey. However, this is soon to collapse
under the strain of working on the mine and the death of his father.
Compare the relationship between Patson and Joseph, and Musi and James. What are the
similarities and differences?
The novel suggests that the idea of ‘family’ has greater meaning. As an example, Boubacar takes on
the supportive role, not only of a close and nurturing friend, but also that of substitute parent.
Once Patson settles into the mining community he is able to make friends. Arves is a major influence,
not only in the story, but also as a dependable and loyal friend. Because of his close relationship with
his grandmother, she is introduced and plays a significant role in the story of the hidden diamonds.
The race to save Grace and their final reunion shows the intensity of the love and devotion a family
(here a brother and sister) can experience. She dotes on him, while he enjoys the attention and
admiration that she lavishes on him. His intense desire to save his sister is an important part of
Patson’s acceptance of family responsibility. In a sense, he has taken on the duties of a father.
QUESTION:
To what extent do the words from the ancestors drive Patson’s actions?
#7
Overcoming Adversity
Allied to the theme of the journey to maturity is that of overcoming adversity. The novel has aspects
of an adventure story. This allows the author to place the main character in a series of situations that
challenge him both physically and emotionally. It is up to Patson, as he journeys on to acceptance of
full adulthood, to overcome each setback and, in the process, learn valuable life lessons.
It is important to note that Patson’s courage in the face of adversity is set against the defeat of many
of the minor characters caught up in the diamond rush and mining activities. Once again, the reader
is reminded of the adversity that faces a nation robbed of its bounty, its ideals, ethics and morality.
QUESTION:
How do Musi and his family take the ‘easy road’
on the morning when the soldiers arrive?
Ultimately, does it give them an advantage?
Allied to this theme is that of overcoming fear and showing courage. Williams suggests that
without challenges (no matter how great) there can be no advancement. There are many moments of
fear brought about by circumstances or weaknesses – even disabilities. The author creates these
incidents in order to show that courage is necessary if the young hero is to attain his goal.
The end of diamond boy allows the reader some satisfaction in knowing that Patson has endured
much adversity, learnt many life lessons, encountered both foe and friend, touched on death … and
come through all the challenges victorious.
He is, as the novel ends, triumphant, yet also modest, caring and responsible – a sensible citizen, a
compassionate family member and true friend.
It is also worth looking at the courage shown by Arves. For the reader, this character brings a moving
and sad aspect to the story. Yet Williams allows us to celebrate the courage and optimism of this
young man living with HIV. Never does he lose his sense of humour or his love for his friend. He
remains supportive and strong when Patson needs his help. He stands out as an example of the
triumph of the human spirit over insurmountable odds and adversity.
Issues to Talk About
and Research
• The novel was published in 2015. The Great Marange Diamond Rush took place between 2007
and 2008. Some time has passed since then. What has happened to Zimbabwe in the years that
have passed: politically, socially and economically?
• Should South Africa – or any country for that matter – allow refugees in, possibly to settle as
citizens?
• What are the attributes/characteristics that make for true friendship?
• What example does Patson set for teenagers on their journey to adulthood? Are there features in
the character with which the teenage reader can identify?
• Is the story/narrative of diamond boy credible? Can we believe in the events and eventual outcome
of the story?
• It can be said that the novel is too brutal, that most of the story has to do with the downside of life,
that the depiction of life for the miners (and Zimbabweans) is too pitiless. Do you agree?
• What aspects of diamond boy make it an adventure story?
• If the novel had been written before most people had cell phones, would the plot have been as
intense? Discuss how technology has added to the tension in the plot.
Revision Questions and
Suggested Answers
#1
Answering Contextual Questions
Here are some useful suggestions on how to approach the contextual question.
• Begin by reading the passage carefully. You should be able to place the extract in its context within
the novel.
• Read the questions. This will give you some idea of what is required overall in answering.
• Pay particular attention to mark allocation. Four mark answers demand more detail.
• As you begin answering, look carefully at how the question is set. Ask yourself what is required?
Remember to pay attention to key words at the beginning of the question, such as “Discuss”,
“Retell”, “Show how”.
• Determine whether this is a recall question or one needing some interpretation, and answer
accordingly.
• Make sure you have your facts correct and that you can spell names of people and places
correctly.
• If time permits, do a quick re-read of the passage and your answers. You might find you have
omitted some important point or that you have changed your mind about your answer.
TIP:
An excellent way to revise is for you and your friends to draw up
contextual questions of your own and then share them.
#2
Answering Essay Questions
• The first and most important point to remember is that you are writing an essay in which you are
going to answer what the question requires.
• In doing this you are going to refer to the novel, without rewriting the ‘story’. You are also going to
refer to your own opinions and ideas regarding the topic.
• First read the topic. Briefly think about how you respond to what is required. You might choose to
underline key words/ideas.
• Plan your essay.
• This means making sure you have included an introduction in which you sum up in a few words
your idea of what you are going to write about/argue/discuss/prove.
• Then go on to writing the body of the essay. This is a development of what you stated in the
introduction. Ensure that one idea follows another in a logical sequence.
• Remember to paragraph. Make sure that each paragraph contains one main
thought/idea/progression.
• Conclude your essay by returning to your statement in the introduction. This should be a strong
conclusion that leaves the reader in no doubt as to your approach to the topic.
#3
Contextual Questions
Take Note:
This is an example of the type of question you will get in
your exam. You should respond with regard to plot, theme,
character and literary style. Read the question carefully.
The length of your answers should be guided by the mark
allocation.
Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow.
Extract A (p. 55)
“I want to be a miner, Uncle James –”
“Patson,” interrupted my father, his face stricken.
“And you will teach me in the evenings, Baba. I promise I will not abandon my school work.”
“It’s men’s work,” said Uncle James, ignoring my father and gripping my arm. “I’m not
afraid to be a man.”
“We shall see, boy. Jamu, I want you to show this prince-cousin of yours around the mines. Teach
him,” he commanded. “And, Patson, I’m expecting great things. I think you’ve got the eye. Now,
you two will be friends, alright?”
Jamu smiled lamely as I offered him my hand. We shook solemnly. No one
disobeyed James Banda.
1.
Place this extract in context. (3)
2.
Show how this extract marks the beginning of Patson’s journey to manhood. (3)
3.
Look at Joseph’s response to his son’s request to be a miner. What indication is there that he
cares for his son?(3)
4.
“And Patson, I am expecting great things. I think you’ve got the eye.” Show how these words are
later proven to be true. (3)
5.
“No one disobeyed James Banda.” Critically discuss how the theme of loss and corruption will
change this statement later in the narrative. (4)
Extract B (p. 150)
“Run!” he shouted, drawing his pistol and firing it twice into the sky.
I started jogging across the field, my heart beating in my chest. Was he planning to shoot me as I
ran? I picked up speed, my heart now thumping, my body darting from side to side, making sure
not to run in a straight line. I expected the sound of gunfire, bullets hitting the ground around me
until one smashed into my back.
I ran harder.
No gunshots. No bullets.
I was elated with every stride that took me away from the mine. I had managed to escape. With
my diamonds. I would fetch Grace. We would be free.
And then I felt a metallic click under my left foot. There was searing heat and a flash of bright
white. A crack of thunder; a cloud of dust.
6.
Discuss how this incident is an important event in Patson’s rite of passage. (3)
7.
Commander Jesus has given the order for Patson to escape. How is this incident characteristic of
Commander Jesus? (3)
8.
Show how, by appealing to our senses, the author creates tension as Patson steps on the
landmine. (3)
9.
Throughout the novel, Patson is the narrator. Discuss what this adds to our appreciation and
enjoyment of the novel. (4)
Regis described how I had spoken to the Wife and stood up to Commander Jesus on one leg
…
“What are you staring at, Patson?
“At how much you’ve grown up in three weeks. The last time I saw you, you were in the sheds
surrounded by toys.”
“I never want to go back there. Never,” she said, squeezing my hand.
“That part of our life is over, Grace. We will not be going back to the sheds. You will never be alone
like that again.”
She wrapped her arms around me and I could feel her body trembling against mine. When she
pulled away she was crying.
“You sound just like Baba, Patson. All serious and kind.
Extract C (p. 234-35)
10.
Show how Grace’s courage helped her escape from Determine, her captor. (3)
11.
Refer to Regis’ words. In your opinion, is this a satisfactory way to eliminate the two conspirators
from the story? Substantiate your decision. (3)
12.
Substantiate whether Patson is able to assume a new, responsible role in Grace’s life. (3)
13.
There is a reference to Baba. Explain how the two siblings find closure and solace regarding the
death of their father. (3)
14.
What do you think is Boubacar’s most important contribution to Patson’s journey to manhood?
Give a reason for your answer. (3)
15.
Critically discuss the theme of friendship that brings the novel to an unexpected conclusion. (4)
16.
Looking back on the novel, do you think Patson deserves the wealth he has obtained by keeping
and selling the diamonds? Substantiate your opinion. (4)
#5
Essay Questions
Trial Essay Question
Patson’s story, as he moves from boyhood to manhood, is one of tremendous challenges, courage
and goodness.
Discuss this statement.
Take Note:
This is the kind of essay question you will get in your
exam. You need to plan thoroughly before you start writing
your essay. Be guided by the words in the instruction, in
this case DISCUSS.
You will find a suggested essay plan and model answer on
pages 25–26.
Here are a few more essay topics for you to try. Remember ‘practice makes perfect’!
•
“I could never have known, when I left Bulawayo, almost four months ago, how different my life
would be now. I had hoped that we would arrive at a place better than the one we had left, but it
was not to be.”
This is Patson looking back. Discuss how, through physical and emotional circumstances, he has
reached this point in his life.
•
It is courage and determination in the character of Patson that defeats corruption, showing the
triumph of the human spirit.
Elaborate on this view of the novel.
•
Discuss how each location in the novel – the mines in Zimbabwe, the border post, crossing the
Limpopo River and the experience in South Africa – brings new challenges that contribute to the
mature man at the end of the novel.
•
The novel divides into five sections: Journey, Mining, Soldiers, Patson’s game, Grace.
Show how each section develops the story of Patson and his journey.
•
Comment on how the character of Boubacar is central to the theme of friendship.
•
The author chooses to use a narrator, Patson, to tell the story. Comment on how the use of this –
and in particular the diary entries – impacts on the reader.
Suggested Answers
#1
Answers to Contextual Questions
Take Note:
These questions rely on both content and interpretation.
Each answer is followed by a comment on how you should
deal with the question. This is only a guide. You will have
answered questions in your own way and words.
Extract A (p. 55)
1. Things were not going well in Bulawayo. There was no food in the house. Patson’s stepmother,
Sylvia (The Wife), has insisted they leave to live with her family in the diamond region. Joseph has
secured a teaching post in Marange. The family is ready to begin over again. (3)
This question requires you to recall what you have read and understood up to this point in the novel.
2. Patson has seen how desperate the miners are to find diamonds. He is not used to hard, physical
labour. However, he agrees to become a miner and rely on his luck. Patson is undertaking “men’s
work”. (3)
In answering this question, you have to rely on the extract. You have to look forward to what is going to
happen. You have to base your answer on what you know about the novel. You could also have added here that
Patson will be lucky because he has “the eye”.
3. In his short interjection, the father shows concern for his son’s proposed undertaking. It is only
one word of warning but it carries a lot of weight in terms of apprehension. Also, Joseph
interrupts Patson and his face shows his anxiety. (3)
There is some interpretation needed here. The question requires looking at the single word or interruption
carefully and then interpreting what the author is suggesting. You need to comment on what his father says, as
well as what the description adds to his reaction.
4. Patson will achieve “great things” because he seems to have the ability to find bigger sized
diamonds and to be able to hide them so that he can smuggle them out. Uncle James describes
this as having “the eye.” (3)
Again, you need to look further than this extract. The answer needs to take into account what Uncle James
senses: that Patson has the ability to discover where the diamonds are to be found.
5. James Banda is a powerful man as he supervises, and has a partnership in, the mines. However,
once corrupt Commander Jesus arrives, he carries the authority of the government. He
humiliates and beats up Uncle James. The Commander takes James’ stash of diamonds without
any compensation, saying he had been stealing from the government, and forces him to continue
working under the Commander on the mines. These events are humiliating and indicate the loss
that Banda must endure. (4)
This question needs you to look ahead to what will happen later in the novel. It also requires some detail. It is,
however, a question that only needs clarification regarding what happens later in the story. Your answer
should include a reference to corruption and loss.
Extract B (p. 150)
6. Commander Jesus has instructed Patson to run for freedom. However, before the boy gets very
far he steps on a landmine. This results in the loss of a limb. It is a critical event for Patson as he
experiences pain, loss and mental anguish. He has to learn to adapt to a new way of dealing with
life, as an amputee.
This question requires you to understand the theme of Patson’s journey to manhood, his ‘rite of passage’.
7. The truth is that Commander Jesus is looking for revenge as he is aware that Patson spied on
him with Sylvia the night before. (Patson also broke a window) He lies to Patson about escaping
safely. He knows the area has landmines. The Commander is cruel, ruthless and pitiless. He
carries out authority in a brutal and evil manner. He is authoritarian and a dictator, caring about
his own well-being above all else. He abuses authority, taking on the role of dictator. (3)
The extract shows the need for revenge. It reminds us of the many unpleasant characteristics related to
Commander Jesus that are exposed during the course of the narrative.
8. The author creates tension by allowing us to hear the click as the mine is activated. We feel the
pressure under Patson’s foot and the terrific heat. Then we share his view of the bright, white
flash. Finally, he hears the loud crack of thunder and experiences the cloud of dust. In this way
we share the experience with Patson in the few seconds he experiences this disaster. (3)
The author creates tension by graphically describing the few seconds it takes for Patson to be maimed. You
need to take careful note of how Williams chooses to describe what is happening from Patson’s point of view
through his senses that respond immediately.
9. The reader is able to identify more closely with Patson and the experiences he encounters on his
journey to manhood. We come to know the boy/young man more intimately so that we
understand how he feels and how he reacts. We share in Patson’s experiences: the agony and
the triumphs. The author encourages us in this way to take into account our own experiences and
relationships. (4)
You might have a slightly different answer. However, you would have to mention that we are more involved as
readers. We are able to identify with Patson as the narrator. This also adds to the establishment of tension
in the narrative.
Extract C (p. 234-35)
10. Grace realises that she must save herself, so she makes a plan. While Determine is asleep, she
finds the train conductor and tells him her story. She spends the rest of the night in his room on
the train. This took courage as Determine had kidnapped her. Boubacar meets the train in Cape
Town and they are re-united. (3)
This is a content question. You need to retell and summarise the events in your own words.
11. Own opinion (3)
Agree. The two have played a major part in Patson’s life. The Commander, in particular, has
pursued Patson. There can be no closure unless the two characters are removed from the story.
This is an ideal way of eliminating their role as they are now in the custody of the police.
Disagree. This is too ‘easy’ a way of eliminating the role of the two. It is contrived. It is difficult to
believe that the hospital staff would intervene in this way to ‘save’ a patient.
This question needs your response to the narrative/story. The author has to rid Patson of this constant threat.
Your opinion needs to be carefully motivated/argued.
12. At the end of the novel Patson has travelled a path that has led him from boyhood to full
manhood. He is now ready to accept the responsibility of being a guardian to Grace. On account
of his new-found wealth, he is able to provide for her financially.
He pays for her schooling and sets up a home for the three of them. You could argue that he still
needs guidance and assistance from Boubacar, but he is ready to take up this challenge. (3)
Throughout the novel, Patson has been concerned about the fact that he now is her only remaining relative. He
takes on the role of a surrogate parent. It is only at the end of the story that he is able to rescue Grace (with
the help of friends) and provide for her well-being as a result of selling the diamonds.
13. Patson and Grace talk about Joseph at length, sharing their respective memories. They hold a
bira ceremony to welcome back into the family the spirit of their deceased father. This assures
that he will guide and protect them. (3)
You need to know about the bira ceremony and its purpose. The author makes it clear that the children need to
mark the death of their father and ensure his constant direction and protection.
14. Boubacar teaches Patson life lessons. Because of his own violent background, and his decision
to help people in future, Boubacar takes on responsibility for the family and certainly does
everything in his power to assist Patson on his journey to manhood. His greatest contribution is
true, loyal and unquestionable friendship. (3)
This is an open-ended question. You might have other thoughts. However, the theme of friendship must be
noted. It is Boubacar’s loyalty and dedication to serve that is central to the character.
15. Favourable. By ending the novel with the additional diary entry, the reader is pleasantly
surprised. Arves has been a loyal friend. He has supported Patson in all his endeavours. He was
witness to where the diamonds were sealed in the wound. By encoding this message, he
ensured that Patson would know what he meant. The ending serves to remind the reader once
again of the true meaning of friendship and commitment. Unfavourable. The story has already
ended on a ‘happy’ note. The extra diary entry just confirms what has already occurred. The entry
from Arves is not plausible. When would he have written it? (4)
This is an open-ended, opinion question. You need to think critically about why the author has chosen to end
the novel in this way. Do you think that he considers friendship to be such an important theme that it needs
to be restated as the final thought? It is more difficult to find reasons for not agreeing. It is truly an unexpected,
clever, unusual and thought-provoking way of bringing the story to an end.
16. Own opinion (4)
Agree. Patson deserves the wealth he now has. He has worked hard and undergone many
challenges and set-backs in order to take possession of the diamonds. He was sure they had
been lost, and at one stage, because of the circumstances around their discovery, he doesn’t
want them. He finally feels that his father has given him permission to keep the diamonds as a
means to live a fulfilled life with his sister. The siblings are watched over by their family.
Disagree. Patson is guilty of theft. He knew all along that any diamonds found were to be
declared. They belonged to the rightful shareholders in the mine. He relies on a dream in which
his parents give permission for what is in fact an illegal dealing.
This question depends on your response to the issue of whether or not Patson is guilty of theft. It might
need some time to consider how you feel about Patson’s behaviour with regard to what really amounts to
stealing. Perhaps the author makes it too easy for the reader to accept Patson’s actions. However, Patson does
need wealth in order for the story to end on a note that anticipates a happier, and certainly more settled, future.
Possibly the family, having suffered so much, deserves this break in fortune.
#1
Suggested Plan and Answer For a
Trial Essay Topic
Take Note:
Essay answers are often very personal as people have
different opinions and motivate their arguments in a
specific manner. However, you will find some basic ideas
that should occur in any response. Each essay would, of
course, be judged on merit.
PLAN
(It’s often useful to draw a mindmap when planning your essay. Once you see the big picture you can
decide on what to include, in which order.)
•
Introduction: statement true – it is a journey to manhood.
•
Development: some of the challenges: physical and emotional / proof: examples from the novel.
•
Point out how the challenges reveal courage and/or goodness.
•
Conclusion: challenges and encounters lead to acceptance of responsibility and manhood.
ESSAY
It is true that Patson has to rely on courage and his own inner goodness as he moves from boyhood
to adulthood. In the process he has to face challenges and setbacks. However, each one is a step
further on the way to manhood.
Among the many challenges Patson has to face is that of taking decisions on his own and thus being
accountable for his actions. He finds, however, that he has to rely on friends and family in order to
survive. He acts courageously when trying to help: for example, he initially approaches Boubacar to
ask for help to find the Banda family, and by leaving the compound to pick up Arves’ medication.
Early on Patson has to learn to live a different and more challenging lifestyle: that of being selfdependent as a miner. He is determined to be a good miner and is supported by his good friends.
Later the most challenging physical ordeal he
has to face is that of losing a limb. This also brings emotional stress as he no longer thinks of himself
as being a whole man. Still later in the novel he has to come to terms with his disability while
attempting to cross the Limpopo River with
the help of his loyal friend, Boubacar. The lesson he learns is that he can, and must, now rely on
friends. This reliance on others continues as they find themselves in the Kruger Park amongst wild
animals, and later in rescuing Grace.
The episode with Commander Jesus shows Patson that there is evil in authority when taken to an
extreme. Patson is defiant of the injustice that he sees in Commander Jesus. He tries not to show his
fear, and while he finds it hard to believe that he is being given his freedom, he courageously starts to
run away. But he was right about not trusting Commander Jesus as his running away costs him much
physical pain and inner suffering. He comes to understand further that there is goodness in many
people. He appreciates the value of worthwhile relationships and interaction with helpful others, like
the doctors at the hospital and Boubacar’s friend, Regis.
Patson must make the decision of whether or not to keep the diamonds, as this is an illegal act. He
relies on his good sense and sound judgement amongst the corruption all around him. He
understands that keeping the diamonds is a way out of the predicament in which he and his sister find
themselves. He believes this was meant to be, that the diamonds and good fortune are a gift from his
loving parents. At the end of the novel, when he is a mature young man, he accepts the responsibility
of being Grace’s guardian.
The novel concludes with a long diary entry in which Patson looks both backward and forward. This
shows a mature adult as he acknowledges the journey he has undertaken, as well as sharing with the
reader his new understanding of wealth, life and people.
Overall, diamond boy looks at how Patson encounters and comes to terms with many challenges. It is
the way in which he deals with these setbacks that allows him to accept the full responsibilities of an
adult man at the novel’s conclusion.
Source: Macrat Publishing