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ECZ GRADE 12 RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
SUMMARISED NOTES (FOR 2046)
JEFFREY MDALA – ESKULU ZM
3/15/18
ECZ G12 RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
SUMMARISED NOTES (FOR 2046)
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This document summarizes Religious Education (2046/1) notes according to the
ECZ (Examinations Council) Syllabus.
Prepared by Jeffrey Mdala for eskulu.com
Contact +260978031524
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UNIT 1: THE EARLY CHURCH .................................................................................. 5
Topic 1.1 – Relationships between Different People........................................... 5
Topic 1.2 – Language Barriers ............................................................................. 6
Topic 1.3 – Racial and Cultural Barriers ............................................................... 6
Topic 1.4 – Paul’s Witness to People of Various Cultures.................................... 9
Topic 1.5 – Inclusion of Different Races and Cultures in Other Religions .......... 11
UNIT 2: CHRISTIAN WITNESS ................................................................................ 12
Topic 2:1 – Witnessing in the Face of Opposition ............................................. 13
Topic 2.2 – Various Persecutions Faced by the Apostles ................................... 16
Topic 2.3 – Christian Reaction to Persecution Today ........................................ 18
Topic 2.4 – Reaction to Persecution in Other Religions ..................................... 19
UNIT 3: LIFE IN THE EARLY CHURCH ..................................................................... 21
Topic 3.1 – Causes of Conflicts among People. ................................................. 21
Topic 3.2 – Characteristics of Community Life in the Early Church .................... 23
Topic 3.3 – Problems in the Early Church .......................................................... 24
Topic 3.5 – How Zambian Tradition and Christianity Solve Problems ................ 27
UNIT 4: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES TO WORK ............................................................ 28
Topic 4.1 – Reasons Why People Work. ............................................................ 28
Topic 4.2 – People Have Different Gifts to Help Them Work............................. 29
Topic 4.3 – Reasons for Work as Found in the Bible.......................................... 29
Topic 4.4 – All Workers Should be Respected ................................................... 30
Topic 4.5 – Conflicts Over Work Values ............................................................ 31
Topic 4.6 – Attitudes to Work in Zambia Today ................................................ 32
Topic 4.7 – Attitudes towards Work in Christianity and Other Religions ........... 33
UNIT 5: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES TO LEISURE ......................................................... 34
Topic 5.1 – Leisure in Zambia Today ................................................................. 34
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Topic 5.2 – Biblical Reason for Leisure .............................................................. 35
Topic 5.3 – Christian Behaviour in Leisure Time Activities................................. 36
Topic 5.4 – Leisure in Other Religions ............................................................... 37
UNIT 6: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES TOWARDS MONEY AND POSSESSIONS ................ 39
Topic 6.1 – Attitudes to Money and Possession in Zambia................................ 39
Topic 6.2: - Biblical Teaching on Attitudes to Wealth and Possessions.............. 40
Topic 6.3 – Christian Behaviour in Situations concerning Money ...................... 41
Topic 6.4 – The Rich Find it Difficult to Enter the Kingdom of Heaven .............. 41
Topic 6.5 – Attitudes to Wealth and use of Wealth in Christianity and other
Religions ........................................................................................................... 42
UNIT 7: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES TO THE STATE IN A MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM .......... 43
Topic 7.1 – Government in a Democratic Society.............................................. 43
Topic 7:2 – What the Bible Teaches on Leadership ........................................... 45
Topic 7.3 – Qualities of a Good Leader (Luke 9:46-48; 22:24-30) ...................... 46
Topic 7:4 – Christian Attitudes to Leaders ........................................................ 48
Different Religions and their Attitudes to Rulers............................................... 48
UNIT 8: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES TO SEX AND MARRIAGE ...................................... 50
Topic 8.1 – Marriage was instituted by God. (Gen 1:27-28; 2:18-25) ................ 50
Topic 8:2 – Purpose of Marriage in the Bible .................................................... 50
Topic 8.3 – Purposes for Marriage in Other Religions ....................................... 51
Topic 8.4 – In Christianity: Choosing a Marriage Partner and Preparing for
Marriage ........................................................................................................... 51
Topic 8.5 – Choosing Marriage Partners in Christianity and Other Religions ..... 52
Topic 8.7 – Why Some Christians do not Marry ................................................ 53
Topic 8.8 – Various Attitudes to Unmarried Adults in Christianity and Other
Religions ........................................................................................................... 53
UNIT 9: HUSBAND AND WIFE RELATIONSHIP ....................................................... 55
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Topic 9.1 – Responsibilities of Husband and Wife in Christianity ...................... 55
Topic 9.2 – Husband and Wife Relationships in Christianity and Other Religions
......................................................................................................................... 56
Topic 9.3 – The Biblical Teaching on Adultery and Fornication ......................... 57
Topic 9.4 – Adultery and Fornication in Christianity and Other Religions.......... 57
Topic 9.5 – Polygamy and Divorce in the Bible .................................................. 58
Topic 9.6 – Polygamy and Divorce in Other Religions ....................................... 59
Topic 9.7 – Biblical Standards of Self Control and Sexual Morality .................... 60
UNIT 10: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN ............................ 61
Topic 10.1 – Attitudes to Family Life in Zambia ................................................. 62
Topic 10.2 – The Christian Home ...................................................................... 62
Topic 10.3 – Duties of Parents to their Children................................................ 63
Topic 10.4 – Duties of Children to their Parents................................................ 63
Topic 10.5 – Loyalty to God Comes First in the Family ...................................... 63
Topic 10.6 – Parent /Child Relationships in Other Religions .............................. 64
References ........................................................................................................ 66
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UNIT 1: THE EARLY CHURCH
Topic 1.1 – Relationships between Different
People
Before the Beginning of the Church
 Different groups were very conscious of their languages, culture or race and
because of this they treated others differently.
After the Birth of the Church
 The people were united in Christ and the differences became immaterial.
Both Jews and Gentiles.
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Topic 1.2 – Language Barriers
The Day of Pentecost. (Acts 2:1-13)
 “Pentecost” is a Greek word meaning “fifty”. The “Feast of Pentecost” was
a Jewish Festival of thanksgiving at the end of the wheat harvest. This feast
took place fifty days after Passover. Lev 23:15-21
The Signs of the Holy Spirit
 The 120 disciples were gathered in a house (Acts 1:13-14). Then suddenly
there was “a noise like a strong wind blowing”. The wind is a well-known
sign of the presence of the Holy Spirit’s presence. Ezekiel 3:9-14, John 3:8
 There were tongues of fire. In the Old Testament flames of fire represented
God’s presence. E.g Moses and the burning bush, the pillar of fire guiding
the Israelites. Ex 3:2-5, 1 Kings 18:38-39, 2 Kings 1:9-12
 The disciples began to speak in other tongues and languages
 There were Jews and former Gentiles from different countries, yet all of
them understood
Topic 1.3 – Racial and Cultural Barriers
The Problem of the Greeks. (Acts 6:1-6)
 A quarrel arose in the Christian community between the Greek-speaking
Jews and the local Aramaic-speaking Jews. The Greek-speaking Jews
claimed that their widows were not being cared for properly
 The Apostles felt that they must continue their preaching and realized the
need for practical organization in the community.
 The 7 were to be wise and filled with the Holy Spirit. The group chose 7
Greek-speaking men.
 One of them was Stephen
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Stephen’s Role
 Stephen also became known for other ministries other than the one in
which he was chosen to serve
 He witnessed and taught in the synagogues of the Greek-speaking Jews
 Freed Jewish slaves belonged to the “synagogue of freed men”
 Some Jews did not agree with his teachings
 They could not prove him wrong
 They made false accusations that he was speaking against Moses, the Law
and the Temple
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Inclusion of Samaritans (Acts 8:1-25)
 Stephen’s death was a time of persecution for the Church.
 Philip, one of the 7 deacons in Acts 6, went to Samaria. God gave him the
power to do miracles and because of this , the crowds listened to his
message and many believed
 A sorcerer named Simon was thought to have been sent from God. He
knew his power was not superior to Phillips
 Peter and John went to asses Phillip’s ministry. They prayed and placed
their hands on the believers. God showed his acceptance of the Samaritans
by giving them the Holy Spirit.
 Peter was horrified and told Simon that, unless he truly repented, he and
his money would perish in hell. Then Simon begged him to pray for him.
Acts 8:1-17, 20-23
The Ethiopian Eunuch (Read Acts 8:26-40)
 Biblical Ethiopia was ancient Nubia, north of Present day Sudan.
 The King of Ethiopia was regarded as a god who lived secretly. The treasure
would be one of the most important of the officials.
 Read Matt 28:19
Peter’s Role (Read Acts 10:1 – 11:18)
 At noon, Peter was hungry and was waiting for a meal to be prepared
 Suddenly he had a vision and saw a large sheet tied up like a bag containing
many kinds of animals
 These were unclean animals, forbidden in Jewish laws
 The voice of God told him that they had been made permissible
 Peter challenged the Jewish believers who were with him and had seen and
heard the evidence, that God had shown His approval of Gentile faith.
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 The results of peter’s decision would be felt throughout the entire world for
all time. The Gentiles would be accepted as Christians without first
becoming Jews by circumcision
Topic 1.4 – Paul’s Witness to People of
Various Cultures
Saul’s Conversion (Read Acts 9:1-19)
 Saul increased his persecution of the church, imprisoning many and
executing others
 Read Philippians 1:21
 Read Acts 9:10-18
 As Saul’s physical sight returned, so his spiritual “eyes” were opened. He
began to “understand the Gospel of Jesus Christ”, and was baptized.
The Church at Antioch. (Read Acts 11:19-26)
 Antioch was the capital of Syria, named after Antiochus, the Greek general,
but later developed by the Romans. This city had all the luxury of Rome, but
the culture of Greece. It was a cross road for many trade routes from
Palestine, Egypt, Asia, Minor, Babylon, Persia etc. Many cultures converged
here
 Barnabas was from Cyprus and spoke Greek. He recognized Saul as a man
with leadership abilities and a deep knowledge of scriptures.
 Saul and Barnabas worked in Antioch for a year in a wonderful partnership
of service, teaching in the Church
 So it was in Antioch that Saul began his great work to carry the Good News
to people of many nations
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The Council at Jerusalem (Read Acts 15:1-35)
 The “Circumcision Party ” insisted that Gentile converts had first to become
proselytes to Judaism
 Some of these people came to Antioch and taught that unless one was
circumcised and obeyed the Law of Moses, he could not be saved.
 A letter was sent to Gentile Christians through Paul, Barnabas and others.
 Read Acts 15:16-18
 The Letter pointed out that:
- The Holy spirit was behind their decision
- There was no need to burden the Gentile Christians with Jewish laws.
But rather to give them a few guidelines to keep peace in the churches.
 The guidelines presented in the letter were about things that would be very
offensive to Jewish Christians. If the Gentiles refrained from doing them,
there could be peace. They were advised not to:
- Eat food offered to idols
- Eat or drink blood
- Eat animals that had been strangled, killed by snaring, or those not bled
properly according to Jewish Law.
- Commit sexual immorality
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Topic 1.5 – Inclusion of Different Races and
Cultures in Other Religions
Islam In Zambia
 Islam is not based on the customs or traditions of any one particular
people
 Islam declares itself to be a universal ideology and makes no
discrimination on the basis of race, country, colour or language
 Any person, who declares belief in the Islamic creed, is entitled to the
same rights as any other Muslim
 Conflicts may arise in cross-cultural situation. A Zambian Muslim might
find conflict between certain tradition customs concerning marriage, the
family or death of a family member. Muslim marriage laws, religious
beliefs about prayer times, and rituals surrounding death and the
funeral may differ.
Zambian Traditional Belief
 All human beings are to be treated with respect
 This belief unites people and is to be obeyed by all
 All who subscribe to such a belief are welcome and have equal rights with
any other like-minded people
Christian Churches in Zambia
 Missionaries from other countries, who wanted to share the Good News
about Christ with people of other countries and races, started most
Christian Churches in Zambia. Zambian Churches today should have the
same aim, i.e. to share the Good News about Christ with people of other
races
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 The early Christians witnessed first to the Jews (their own people), and then
moved out to half Jews (the Samaritans), then to Gentiles (non-Jews).
Similarly, Christians today should follow the example of the early Church,
by reaching out to others
 Read Acts 1:8
UNIT 2: CHRISTIAN WITNESS
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Topic 2:1 – Witnessing in the Face of
Opposition
Many have been executed for what they believe. For example: Former President
Kaunda, Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe, and Charles Lwanga – Uganda. These people
reacted in a non-violent way
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Persecution of the Apostles Peter and John. (Read Acts 3:1-26)
The Reasons
 The Apostles became very popular as a result of the healing of the lame
man. Crowds gathered to see and listen to them. This popularity angered
the Priests, and led to the persecution of the Apostles
 The Apostles were blamed for assuming the authority of the religious
leaders and teachers. Religious teaching was supposed to be done by
religious teachers especially the scribes.
 Their preaching about the resurrection angered the Sadducees, who did not
believe in life after death.
The Reactions. (Acts 4:1-3)
 The apostles showed respect to the Jewish leaders and recognized that
these leaders had been given the job of judging in religious matters.
However, they could not allow the leaders to force them to act against God
 They were unafraid and boldly preached the Gospel
 They committed the whole problem to God in prayer. This shows their
humility and dependence upon God to carry out his plan, even if it meant
more opposition. They did not pray for an end to the opposition, but rather
for courage to face it.
Persecution of Stephen and Saul
Stephen. (Acts 6:8-15; 7:1-8:1)
 Stephen was persecuted because the Jews could not withstand the wisdom
which the Holy Spirit gave him in his answers, when they tried to argue
publicly with him. This made them look foolish in front of all the people.
Their pride was hurt. Instead of changing their ideas about the Messiah,
they made plans to destroy Stephen, Acts 6:8-15
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 He first of all explained what he had preached. Then as the stones hit his
body, he prayed to God to forgive them for what they were doing. Acts
9:23-30; Acts 8:1
Saul. (Acts 9:23-30)
 After becoming a Christian himself, Saul, or Paul as he was later known, was
persecuted. He rejoiced over his persecutions because God’s greater power
could be seen.
 He never allowed himself to be discouraged by persecution.
Opposition at Philippi. (Read Acts 16:16-30)
 A young woman, possessed by the demon began to predict the future
 Satan often opposes God’s work by trying to get Christians into unhelpful
relationships with unbelievers, 2 Cor. 6:14-18
 They dragged Paul and Silas to the market place. There they made false
accusations against them.
 Paul and Silas were beaten with rods on their bare backs. Wounded and
bleeding, they were imprisoned in the most secure prison available, as
though they were the worst criminals in the city.
Reactions of the Apostles
 When first opposed by the demon-possessed woman, they just ignored her.
When she continued for several days, they put an end to it by casting out
the demon
 It should be noted that Paul never went out looking for people with
demons in order to cast them out. He cast out the demons because the
young woman was seriously disturbing the preaching of the Gospel.
 In prison, the apostles prayed and rejoiced, and sang songs of praise
because God had allowed them to suffer for the sake of Christ, 2 Cor. 4:1718.
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 They knew that “all things work together for good for those who love God.”
The earthquake which followed, and the conversion of the jailer, bring out
this truth, Romans 8:28
Opposition at Lystra (Acts 14:8-21)
 Initially, the people of Lystra misunderstood the Gospel and mistook Paul
and Barnabas for heathen gods. However, opposition soon came, and again
it was from the Jews. They had followed the Apostles from Antioch and
Iconium
 The Jews influenced the Gentiles in Lystra until, in their fury, they stoned
Paul. Thinking he was dead, they dragged him outside the city and left him
there. When the Christians gathered around, he rose up and they spent the
night in the city.
 However, Paul and Barnabas left the city the next day, not wanting to force
people to receive the Gospel. They did not leave because they were afraid
as they later returned to the very place Paul had been stoned.
Topic 2.2 – Various Persecutions Faced by
the Apostles
Persecution by Herod Agrippa I. (Read Acts 12:1-24)
 Roman colonial rulers were very unpopular with the Jews. The Jews hated
Herod, appointed by the Romans. He was always looking for ways and
means to please them so that he could rule the Jews more easily.
 When he realized that the Jews also hated the Christians, he arrested James
and had him beheaded. This pleased the Jews so much that Herod decided
to arrest Peter with the intention of putting him to death as well, and
thereby, making himself even more popular with Jews.
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Reactions of the Apostles
 The Christian reaction to this persecution was to use the greatest weapon
of all – prayer. They knew that God was, and is still in control. God
answered their prayer and Peter was saved from prison and death.
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Opposition from a Samaritan Sorcerer (Read Acts 8:9-24)
 Simon was a magician who had done what appeared to be miraculous
things by magic
 Simon was amazed when he saw miracles being done by the power of God
through Philip
 Read Mark 10:43-44
 Simon then tried to buy the power to give people the Holy Spirit!
Opposition from a Jewish magician. (Acts 13:4-11)
 Elymas was a Jewish magician and a false prophet who pretended to lead
people in God’s ways. As in the case of Simon of Samaria, he was under the
power of Satan. His other name was BarJesus – “Son of Jesus”
Paul’s Reaction
 Paul publicly rebuked him
 God’s temporary judgment of blindness showed Paul’s words to be true,
and quickly put a stop to the opposition.
Topic 2.3 – Christian Reaction to Persecution
Today
 Ignore the persecutors
 Pray for persecutors
 Pray for guidance and strength from God
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Topic 2.4 – Reaction to Persecution in Other
Religions
Hindu
 Mahatma Gandhi was a Hindu from India who suffered racial persecution
while in South Africa. He read the New Testament and was greatly
impressed by the teachings of Christ, especially such teachings as nonviolent reaction to persecution, Matt 5:38-42
 He could not understand, however, why so many people who called
themselves “Christians” did not live by what Christ taught. It was for this
reason that he did not become Christian.
 Hinduism is based on love, tolerance and forgiveness. To a true Hindu,
persecution is not a real defeat.
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Islam
 Islam is a very militant religion. Any opposition is dealt with in a violent
way. “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth ” describes the Islamic way
of reacting to persecution
 The non-violent reaction taught by Christians can be looked upon as a
weakness, and also as being unfaithful to their religion
 Life, property and everything else belongs to God, and Allah decrees
everything that happens even persecution. Therefore, he is ready to
sacrifice everything to please Allah.
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UNIT 3: LIFE IN THE EARLY
CHURCH
Topic 3.1 – Causes of Conflicts among
People.




Pride
Jealousy
Violation
Being dogmatic
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 Failure to discuss situations from all angles
 Unwillingness to see another person’s point of view
 Misunderstanding through lack of communication
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Topic 3.2 – Characteristics of Community Life
in the Early Church
The following characterised life in the Early Church:
 New converts were willing to learn the teachings of Christ through the
Apostles
 They spent much of their time together and their fellowship was warm
without discord or strife
 They continued to remember the death of the Lord Jesus Christ by the
Breaking of Bread in their homes as they met regularly
 Prayer was another vital characteristic. The group turned to God in prayer
on behalf of those who suffered persecution. They also prayed to God to
give his servants boldness to speak His word and to perform miracles in the
name of Jesus, Acts 4:23-30, 2:43-47; 4:32-37
 The Church had a holy reverence for God as they saw they saw miracles
performed in the name of Jesus, through the Apostles who had been with
Him. Acts 2:43; 4:33
 They generously shared their possessions so that no one lacked material
needs. Property was sold and the proceeds given to Apostles to distribute
within the group, according to individual needs. This was commendable act
of love for each other, for their concern for the poor and encouragement in
the growth of the church, Read Acts 4:32-37
 They continually worshipped God in the Temple with praise and
thanksgiving for His mighty works, Read Acts 2:47
 The warmth of their daily fellowship in their homes extended to the
community outside and others were encouraged to join them as they
believed and accepted Jesus as the Messiah. Read Acts 2:46-47
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Topic 3.3 – Problems in the Early Church
Corruption within the Church. (Acts 5:1-11; 8:9-24)
 A couple, Ananias and Sapphira, like others, sold property for the benefit of
the whole church. Neither God nor the Christian community demanded
that all the money from such sales should be given, but, instead of openly
giving only a portion, Ananias and Sapphira pretended that they had given
the full amount to the Church. Their sin was not in the decision they made
of how to use their possessions but in their hypocrisy and lying, both to
man and to God. The problem was solved through Peter’s knowledge of the
incident inspired by the Holy Spirit. God’s judgment was quick.
 A second example of corruption was when Simon the Sorcerer tried to buy
the power of the Holy Spirit, so that he could give this power to others, as
he had seen Peter doing. Before this, he had become a powerful influence
on people, through the cultic power of Satan. The Scripture makes it clear
that this is in direct conflict with God and His ways. Again Peter with the
situation, and sternly rebuked Simon and challenged him to repent, as he
was not yet right with God
A problem of Administration. (Reads Acts 6:1-7)
 As the number of disciples continued to increase, some of the Greekspeaking Jewish believers felt that their widows were being neglected when
the supplies of the Church were distributed, for example: money, food and
clothing for the needy
 The Apostles handled the problem wisely. They asked the Church to choose
seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit, who would manage
the situation with wisdom
 Among those chosen were “Hellenist” (Greek speaking) Jews, like Stephen
and Philip. So the complaint was handled well, and the number of disciples
increased
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Barnabas and Paul (Read Acts 9:22-30; 15:36-41)
 Another problem was the acceptance of Paul into the Church after his
conversion. The members of the church only knew him as an enemy
because of his violent methods of persecution. This problem was solved
when Barnabas explained to them that his conversion was genuine
 Personal disputes were also apparent in the early Church. This is illustrated
by the disagreement between Barnabas and Paul about taking John Mark
with them on a second missionary journey, after he had left them on the
first one.
 The problem was solved when Paul took Silas to revisit churches he had
already founded, then covering new ground; whilst Barnabas took John
Mark and returned to Cyprus to build up the work there. The solution was
made in a friendly spirit. A wider area was covered and new Churches were
founded. John Mark became a great friend of Paul in his later years
Inclusion of Gentiles. (Read Acts 15:1-21, 24-29; 21:25)
 The “circumcision party” found fault with Peter for eating with men who
were “uncircumcised.” They challenged him when they heard that he had
admitted Cornelius into the church. The situation was resolved when Peter
told them of his vision, and how God had poured out the Holy Spirit on the
Gentiles too, Read Acts 11:1-48
 Some of the Jewish Christians insisted that Gentiles must be circumcised
when they became Christians. They thought that a Gentile must surrender
his own culture, and identify fully with the culture and life-style of the Jews
in order to become a Christian
 This became a serious issue and a Council was set up in Jerusalem in 49 AD,
to discuss fully whether Gentiles should be made to keep the Mosaic Law.
 Read Genesis 9:4-7
 Read Leviticus 17
 Acts 15
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Topic 3.5 – How Zambian Tradition and
Christianity Solve Problems
Zambian Tradition
 Having discussions on the issue in order to arrive at a lasting solution
 Getting the consensus of the parties in conflict through a go-between, so as
to reach a neutral and agreeable solution
 Being willing to give the statements as they occurred, so as to assist the
mediators to find a way of resolving the conflicts. Those found guilty were
made to apologize or pay damages to the other party with whom they were
in conflict. This made it easier to maintain order and relationships
 In case of death, divination was done, and revenge was sought
Christianity





Having a clear understanding of their disagreement by
Mutual discussions
Committing the problem to God through prayer
Referring to relevant scriptures
Giving brotherly and Godly counsel to the people in conflict
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UNIT 4: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES
TO WORK
Topic 4.1 – Reasons Why People Work.

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
Feed themselves and families
Earn money to purchase food, homes etc
Pass time
Give prestige
Meet people and get together with others
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 Earn money and accumulate possessions
Topic 4.2 – People Have Different Gifts to
Help Them Work
 God has created us (Christians) to live a life which pleases Him. He has
already prepared good deeds for us to do. Eph. 2:10
 We must work for our food, 2 Thess. 3:10-12. Some people cannot work,
however. For example, the elderly small children – such people must be
supported because they cannot support themselves.
 Some people were specially called by God to work for Him
 Moses – Read Ex. 3:10-12
 Gideon - Read Judges 6:14-16
 Solomon - Read 1 Kings 3:5, 7-14
 Timothy – Read 1 Tim 4:12, 15
 Read Eph. 4:11-12
 Read Rom 12:4-8
Parable of the Talents (Read Matt. 25:14-30)




We are entrusted with talents. Everyone has been given at least one
We are given talents according to our natural ability to use them
We are expected to use our talents to the best of our ability
There will be a day of reckoning when we shall be required to account for
the use of our talents and abilities
Topic 4.3 – Reasons for Work as Found in the
Bible
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 Work was part of God’s original purpose for man. At creation, man was
instructed to subdue the earth, have dominion over it, cultivate and keep it,
Gen. 1:26-28; 2:15.
 If most people can find employment, it is often a sign of God’s blessing and
approval. Unemployment in a nation way be a sign of God’s judgment,
Zech. 8:9-12
Bible Teachings
 God’s original purpose, Gen. 1:26-28
 Work was appointed for six days. The seventh was to be a day of rest, Gen.
2:1-3; Exodus 20:9
 God intended man to find his work enjoyable, Eccl 5:18-20
 Incentives for daily work: -to buy food, Prov 16:26 – to build a home and
sustain it; Prov 24:27
 Work was part of God’s plan for the support of the human race, Prov 27:2527
Christian Purposes For Work in the New Testament
 Work is not meant to be only a means of gaining possessions, Lk 12:13-34
 Everyone should work with the aim of being able to help others, Eph 4:28, 1
Thess 4:11-12
 Paul says work is encouraged so that everyone may earn his own living
 Read Acts 18:3
 Read 2 Thess 3:10-12
 Read 1 Tim 5:4-8
Topic 4.4 – All Workers Should be Respected
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Most people in Zambia work. However, certain types of workers may not be
respected, for example: unskilled workers, house servants, charcoal burners and
many others.
Bible Teachings
 Jesus was despised and rejected in Nazareth because He was “a carpenter.”
Manual work is often despised, but the Bible commands us to work with
our hands. Paul also encourages Christians to work. Eph 4:28; 1 Thess 4:11;
2 Thess 3:7-8
 Read Eph 6:5-7
 The Christian, therefore, by his attitude to his work, must aim to earn
respect, whatever the job
Topic 4.5 – Conflicts Over Work Values
Biblical Teaching on the Exploitation of Workers
 The bible clearly says that a worker deserves his pay and must be given it,
Lk 10:7
 Exploitation of workers is wrong. Read Deut 24:14-15
 Read Matt 20:1-16
 Read Eph 6:5-9. The relationship between employers and employees is
taught
Wages and Salaries
 Most employment in modern Zambia has a fixed wage scale, set by the
Government and agreed upon by Trade Unions
 Any changes of wages is done by the Public Service Commission, appointed
and supported by the Government
 The Christian stand on salaries and wages must be just and fair
Disputes
 There are often disputes between employers and employees
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 Read 1 Peter 2:18
 John the Baptist told the soldiers to be content with their pay. Luke 3:14
Topic 4.6 – Attitudes to Work in Zambia
Today
Some are negative and some are positive
Different Attitudes towards Work
 Lack of interest in the job
 To support the family
 To have material possessions
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Topic 4.7 – Attitudes towards Work in
Christianity and Other Religions
Zambian Tradition
 In Zambian traditional society, everyone was expected to work from
childhood to adulthood, with supervision and teaching. In adulthood, less
supervision and more responsibility was expected
 Neglect in working resulted in lack of food and shelter
Hinduism
 The Bhagavad-Gita (ch.3:8) says, “Thou should do thy allotted task, for work
is superior to idleness. Without work, even the maintenance of your body is
impossible”
 Work is a source of happiness.
Islam
 The Quran commands people to work. There is no disrespect for manual
workers
 The Prophet Muhammad once came across a man who spent all his days
praying without working. The man said his brothers fed him. The Prophet
told the man that Allah would place all the blessings on his brothers.
Christianity
 The Christian attitude to work should be one of integrity, diligence, cooperation, punctuality, reliability and honesty, Eph 4:28 and 6:5-9
 Read 1 Cor 10:31
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UNIT 5: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES
TO LEISURE
Topic 5.1 – Leisure in Zambia Today
People spend leisure time visiting family and friends, beer drinking, watching
sports and TV.
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Topic 5.2 – Biblical Reason for Leisure
Read Genesis 2:2-3. This principle of rest is seen in Exodus 20:8-11; Exodus 23:12
and Mark 6:31. Leisure allows man to worship God, Leviticus 23:26-32.
Leisure in the Bible was used as:
 An opportunity for rest, recreation and refreshment; Exodus 20:11; 23:12;
Mark 6:31
 For praising and worshipping God, Luke 4:16; Isaiah 58:14:Psalm 92
 For meeting friends and relaxing with the family, Mark 6:30-32
 Read John 4:6-34
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Topic 5.3 – Christian Behaviour in Leisure
Time Activities
Zambian Christian Leisure Time
 1 Cor 6:12-20
 They must avoid indecent activities. Read 1 Cor 8:9-13. Read Gal 5:19-21.
Read Eph 5:15-20
 They must be controlled by God’s will – 1 Peter 4:2-5
 Read Gal 5:22-24
Proposed Plan for Christian Leisure
 Read Isaiah 58:13-14
 A Christian must remember that all their time is given by God. Therefore,
they are accountable to God on how they use their time.
 Helping the needy, sick etc
Leisure Time – Difficult Situations
 Should a Christian refuse to attend prep on a Saturday or Sunday
(Sabbath)?
 A Christian is a footballer but most games are played on a Sunday. Is it
alright for him to play with his team on Sunday?
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Topic 5.4 – Leisure in Other Religions
Zambian Tradition
 There was no particular day of rest. There were tasks that had to be done
everyday
 In their leisure time, children went out and played by pretending to be
fathers or mothers, keeping a house, cooking etc thereby learning more
about life in an informal way
Hinduism
 Opportunities for leisure occur outside working hours and at weekends,
especially Sunday. This day has no religious significance
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Islam
 Opportunities for leisure occur outside working hours. Time is allowed on
Friday for prayer and worship
 Good health and physical fitness are commended in the Quran. Time is
spent playing sports, visiting friends etc.
 Beer drinking and immoral cinema shows are forbidden in Islamic Law.
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UNIT 6: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES
TOWARDS MONEY AND
POSSESSIONS
Topic 6.1 – Attitudes to Money and
Possession in Zambia
 To money – Save monthly for “a rainy day”, use it wisely, invest, gamble
with it and spend all their earnings.
 To possessions – means of prestige, personal development, promoting
God’s work.
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Topic 6.2: - Biblical Teaching on Attitudes to
Wealth and Possessions
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

Read Amos 8:4-7
Jesus points out the following wrong attitudes:
Greed
Laziness
Selfish pleasures – eating too much, beer drinking parties etc
Read Luke 12:13-34 and Matt 5:24
Money causes people to forsake their faith and brings many sorrows. 1 Tim
6:10
Biblical Teaching on the use of Wealth
 Riches come from God and must be considered to belong to Him and
should be used in God’s service. 1 Chron 29:1-12
 Wealth should be used to help the poor. Mk 10:21-27
 Wealth must be used to do good and be shared with others, 1 Tim 6 :17-19
God’s Judgment on Wrong use of Wealth (Read James 5:1-6)
 James gives a warning to the rich that they will lose everything if they have
exploited their employees.
 Read Luke 12:20
 Read 1 Tim 6:9
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Topic 6.3 – Christian Behaviour in Situations
concerning Money
Christians that are wealthy are expected to:
 Share with others
 Give towards God’s service
 Have earned their wealth in an honest way
Topic 6.4 – The Rich Find it Difficult to Enter
the Kingdom of Heaven
Read Mark 10:17-31
What Riches May Do.
 Choke the message of God’s word in our hearts
 It does not have much effects on us, Matt 13:22
 The love of riches may be the beginning of evil in a person’s life, leading to
lack of faith and many sorrows, 1 Tim 6:10
Examples of Rich People in the Bible






Abraham – Genesis 13:12
Isaac – Genesis 26:13-14
Boaz – Ruth 2:1
Job – Job 1:3
Joseph of Arimathea – Matthew 27:57
Other rich men will not be in the kingdom of God because they rejected
God. Lk 16:19-26
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Topic 6.5 – Attitudes to Wealth and use of
Wealth in Christianity and other Religions
Zambian Tradition
ZAMBIAN PROVERB
“They are never dug hurriedly.”
“Food is never little, only the clothes
may be too small.”
“Two brothers shared one nut”
MEANING
You cannot get rich overnight
Receive everything gratefully without
judging its quality, or, share everything
generously without doubting its worth
Sharing is vital, no matter how small
the share.
Hinduism
 “Bound in the meshes of hundreds of desires by lust and anger, they try
hard to gather wealth by unfair means, for satisfaction of sensual desires”
Bhagavad-Gita Ch. 16:12
 To gather riches in not the goal of life. A noble man will only acquire wealth
by honest means. During Diwali, Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and
prosperity is honoured and welcomed
Islam




It is not a sin to be rich.
Exploitation of one’s fellow man in obtaining wealth is forbidden
Money must be used wisely
Lending money is permitted, but taking interest is forbidden.
Christianity
 Exploitation is wrong
 Put God first. Matthew 6:33
 Cheating, bribery, corruption, and any form of dishonesty is forbidden
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UNIT 7: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES
TO THE STATE IN A MULTIPARTY SYSTEM
Topic 7.1 – Government in a Democratic
Society
 Human rights are God-given and everyone is entitles to them. A right is a
lawful claim, which a citizen expects from society.
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 Democratic government has respect for the rule of law; the power to rule
comes from the people
Fundamental Human Rights
 Rights are divided into two categories: civil and political rights; economic
social and cultural and rights. Examples of rights:
 The right to life
 Fair hearing
 To own property
 To marry and have a family
 Right to nationality
 Equal pay for equal work
Attitudes of Responsible Citizens towards the Government
 In Zambia, all the citizens support the Government, especially the leader.
However, dissatisfaction may be expressed with prevailing situations.
Some Attitudes of a Responsible Citizen
 Obedience to authority and those in power – this means that one should be
law abiding and have respect for those in power
 Working together
 Social justice and respect for human rights
 Patience and tolerance
 Sense of responsibility
 Being patriotic
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Functions of a Democratic Government




To make, implement and enforce the laws
To meet the political demands of the people
To meet social needs of the people
To meet the economic needs of the people
Topic 7:2 – What the Bible Teaches on
Leadership
 Read Deut 6:1-3
 Read Genesis 17:1-8
 Read Judges 2:1-2, 11-23
Israel Rejects God as King and Ruler. (1 Samuel 8:4-9, 19-20;
9:2)
 Political instability led the people to demand a King
 God told Samuel, the Judge at that time, that their decision to choose a
human King was not a rejection of Samuel, God’s appointed leader, it was
also a rejection of God as their King and Ruler. The King whom they chose
was Saul, who was head and shoulders taller than anyone else in the land,
and very handsome.
Resistance to and Condemnation of Bad Rulers. (Judges 9:115, 22-25)
 Choosing a bad man to rule is dangerous, both to the ruler and to the
people he leads.
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 Ahab sinned against God more than any of his ancestors. He had married
Jezebel, a foreign princess and Baal worshipper. God also appointed Elijah’s
successor, Elisha. The story of Naboth’s vineyard, gives an example of the
greed, selfishness and cruelty of a bad King, 1 Kings 16:29, 19:1-8, and 21:129
 Read Ezekiel 34:1-10
God’s Example as a Ruler
Read Ezekiel 34:11-16; 34:20-31
Topic 7.3 – Qualities of a Good Leader (Luke
9:46-48; 22:24-30)
A Good Leader Has the Following Qualities




Humility
Listens and pays attention
Does not put himself above others
Explains
Arguments About Greatness
 In heaven, the most important thing is submission to the authority and will
of our King, Jesus Christ. Thoughts of personal gain disappear when Christ is
acknowledged as a king.
 Read 1 Peter 5:1-6. The one who boasts of his own greatness and
knowledge, is not a leader.
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James and John’s Request (Mark 10:35-45)
 James and John asked Jesus to be seated one on either side of Jesus in His
glory.4
 James and John said they were prepared to suffer for Jesus. James was
killed and John was exiled.
 Read Acts 12:2
 Read Rev 1:9
 Jesus told them that true greatness lay in serving others
 Read Mark 9:33-37
Parable about Humility. (Luke 14:7-11)
 “It is better to be asked to take a higher position than to be told to give
your place to someone more important.” Proverbs 25:7. Jesus turned this
into a parable.
 Jesus used another parable to teach a lesson on helping those in need, but
with no though of reward. Real generosity does not look for a reward. Luke
14:12-14
Jesus’ Example of Humility. (John 13:3-15, Luke 22:24-27)
 This took place during the last supper. The disciples had been arguing over
who was the greatest and Jesus demonstrated the answer.
Righteousness and Justice
 Read Psalms 72:1-4
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Topic 7:4 – Christian Attitudes to Leaders
 We must be subject to our rulers since they have been put there by God.
 We are urged to pray for our rulers, that our lives may be peaceful. 1 Tim
2:1-4; Mark 6:17-28; Acts 5:27-29
Different Religions and their Attitudes to
Rulers
Christianity
 A leader must be willing to serve, listen and learn
 A true leader is humble. He puts the interests of others over his own.
 A leader does not demand special treatment because of his position
Zambian Tradition
 A leader demands special treatment because of his position
 Leaders get into power through consensus
 Leaders are a fountain of knowledge and wisdom
Islam
 Administration in an Islamic state is under an Amir (Emir) or Chief. He
should have the confidence of the majority for his knowledge of Islam and
should show a fear of God
 The Amir is assisted by a Council called, Shura, who give advice
 The citizens have the right to criticize the Amir
 Ayatollahs are religious leaders and teachers
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Hinduism
 The great kings of ancient India took advice from the Great Sages or Wise
Ones
 Spiritual goals were the aim of their leadership. They taught “”simple living
and high thinking
 All great Kings had great “Gurus”
 Ghandi can be considered such a great leader. He took traditional ideas of
leadership and adjusted them to contemporary conditions of Indian society
 Ghandi never wished to be Prime Minister or President of India, but all
public figures in India respected him as a leader
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UNIT 8: CHRISTIAN ATTITUDES
TO SEX AND MARRIAGE
Topic 8.1 –
Marriage was
instituted by God.
(Gen 1:27-28;
2:18-25)
God created a woman primarily
to be a partner, a suitable
companion for the man. He
ordained that a man should leave
his parents and cleave his wife,
Genesis 2:18-25.
Topic 8:2 – Purpose of Marriage in the Bible





Mutual help. Genesis 2:18
Mutual love and faithfulness. Gen 2:24
A permanent union between two people. Mark 10:9
Reproduction of life. Genesis 1:28; 2:18
Fulfillment of desire. 1 Cor 7:1-6
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Topic 8.3 – Purposes for Marriage in Other
Religions
Islam




To strengthen relationships between families
For procreation, to produce more followers of Islam
To create a new family unit
To discourage immorality
Hinduism
 For procreation
 To create a family unit through a man and wife partnership
Zambian Tradition
 For reproduction
 To strengthen ties with other people
 For the good of the community. If a marriage did not produce children it
would be ended
Topic 8.4 – In Christianity: Choosing a
Marriage Partner and Preparing for Marriage
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Guiding Principles
 A man should not marry until he can leave the support of his parents, and
be able to support himself and his wife, Genesis 2:24; 24:1-32, 50-53
 Read 2 Cor 6:14-18. Christians cannot marry non-Christians
 One should not choose a marriage partner because of lust, but in honour
and love because lust always dies, but love lives on, 1 Thessalonians 4:4-5
Topic 8.5 – Choosing Marriage Partners in
Christianity and Other Religions
Christianity




A man must only marry when he can fend for himself
The man must leave his parents and cleave to his wife
A wife/husband must be chosen by God
Both must be compatible
Islam
 The parents arrange marriages. A Muslim man may marry a non-Muslim
but a woman cannot marry a non-Muslim. A girl cannot be given against
her will. She has the right to choose amongst free men but must respect
the decision of her father and other guardians. The Shia sect of Islam allows
a man to contract for a wife for a given period of time (one, two or five
years), on payment of a suitable dowry. She is then free to go back to her
father or guardian on expiry of the contract
Hinduism
 Parents arrange all marriages. The girl’s parents look for a suitor. The
woman pays the dowry
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Zambian Tradition
 Parents arrange marriages. The man’s parents approach the girl’s parents
and start negotiations for the marriage.

Topic 8.7 – Why Some Christians do not
Marry
Read Matthew 19:10-12
 They take vows of celibacy, so that they give themselves completely to
God’s service
 Read 1 Cor 7:25-40
Topic 8.8 – Various Attitudes to Unmarried
Adults in Christianity and Other Religions
Christianity
 It is more common to find unmarried adults in the Christian religion than
any other.
 The unmarried are expected to be accepted and appreciated
Islam
 Muslims regard an unmarried adult as not normal
 A person from a family with bad reputation will find it difficult to find a
partner
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Hinduism
 Hindus consider the unmarried adult as not normal because of a mental or
physical problem
Zambian Tradition
 With regard to unmarried people, the Zambian traditional and modern
attitudes are much the same. Unmarried adults are despised.
 People conclude that they have defective reproductive organs
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UNIT 9: HUSBAND AND WIFE
RELATIONSHIP
Topic 9.1 – Responsibilities of Husband and
Wife in Christianity
Qualities of a Good Husband





Must leave his parents and cleave to his wife Genesis 2:23-4
Must love his wife and show it Ephesians 5:22-33; Colossians 3:19
Understand, respect and protect his wife
Read 1 Peter 3:7
Read Deut 6:67
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Qualities of a Good Wife
 She must submit to her husband as leader and head of their home. Genesis
3:16; Ephesians 5:22; Titus 2:4-5
 Read Genesis 2:24. She must understand that she too has left her parents
to join her husband
 Should be cheerful understanding and kind. Read Proverbs 25:24; 27:15
 She should be loyal to her husband. Read Proverbs 31:10, 12, 27-29
Topic 9.2 – Husband and Wife Relationships
in Christianity and Other Religions
Zambian Traditional Belief
 The wife is regarded as his property and treats her as such
 The wife is not consulted on family matters
 The wife does a lot of manual work
Hinduism
 The husband loves his wife and cares for her needs and the needs of the
family
 The wife submits to, and honours the husband
Islam
 The husband loves his wife because she is one with him
 The wife submits to her husband, but there is no sense of being a slave
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Christianity




The husband loves, respects and cares for his wife
The wife loves and obeys her husband
The wife is considered equal to her husband before God
The husband is the head of the family
Topic 9.3 – The Biblical Teaching on Adultery
and Fornication
Adultery
 Definition: A sexual affair between two people whilst at least one of them is
already married
 Read Exodus 20:14; Malachi 2:14-15; Leviticus 20:10; John 8:1-11.
 Jesus taught that looking at someone lustfully is adultery in God’s eyes,
Matthew 5:27-28
Fornication
 Definition: A sexual affair between unmarried people.
 Read 1 Corinthians 6:18; Ephesians 5:5; 1 Thessalonians 4:3-7
Topic 9.4 – Adultery and Fornication in
Christianity and Other Religions
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Zambian Tradition
 Adultery is generally forbidden and culprits are fined heavily. In certain
situations adultery is allowed. A man may sleep with his dead brother’s
wife, to ensure children for the dead brother. It is also allowed for a man to
prove his manhood, although this rarely happens.
 There were a lot of taboos and rules aimed at preventing boys and girls
from fornicating. However, in some cases, elders insist on a young
committing this act before marriage.
Hinduism
 Both fornication and adultery are forbidden
Islam
 Adultery is punishable by stoning
 Many Muslim marriages cannot take place unless the woman’s virginity is
proven
 Fornication is prohibited
Christianity
 Both fornication and adultery are sins
 Offenders are excommunicated from the fellowship of the local church
Topic 9.5 – Polygamy and Divorce in the Bible
Polygamy
 This is a practice of having more than one wife
 Solomon’s many wives many wives made him turn away from God
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 Read Matthew 19:5-6
 Read 1 Kings 11:1-8
Divorce
 This is the dissolving or cancelling of a marriage
 It is forbidden in the Bible.
 Others believe that the exception in Matthew 5:32 refers to sexual
immorality before the actual marriage.
 Read Matthew 1:18-25. In Jewish culture, engagement was just as binding
as marriage and to break this contract required a divorce
 Read Deuteronomy 24:1-4
 Read Matthew 5:31-32; 19:3-9
 God hates divorce. Read Malachi 2:14-16. Read Matthew 19:8. Moses only
allowed divorce because of the “hardness of man’s heart”
Topic 9.6 – Polygamy and Divorce in Other
Religions
Zambian Tradition Belief
 Polygamy was widely practiced and is still fairly common
 Divorce was permitted. The most common reason Is inability to produce
children
Hinduism
 Polygamy is not practiced
 Divorce is forbidden
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Islam
 The Quran allows a man to have up to 4 wives, as long as he can support
them
 This was done to spread Islam
 This helps prevent adultery
 Divorce is allowed in cases of adultery
Topic 9.7 – Biblical Standards of Self Control
and Sexual Morality
Marital Disputes
 Causes are – inability to have children, incompatibility and pressure from
relatives

Christian Standards for Sexual Behaviour
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
No sex before marriage. Read 2 Timothy 2:22
No unfaithfulness after marriage. Read Hebrews 13:4
Read 1 Peter 4:2-5
Read Mark 7:20-23
Homosexuality is a sin. Read 1 Corinthians 6:9
Read Ephesians 5:3-5, 11-13; Proverbs 26:20
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UNIT 10: RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN PARENTS AND
CHILDREN
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Topic 10.1 – Attitudes to Family Life in
Zambia
Traditional Zambia
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Marriages are arranged by parents
After a certain age, children are isolated according to their sex
Children learnt by imitation with little formal education
The child’s parents taught the child about their duties according to their sex
Modern Zambia
 Children generally respect and love their parents. This is more evident in
rural communities
 In rural areas, traditional customs and practices are more carefully followed
than in urban areas
 In towns, customs and traditional values are more easily abandoned.
Foreign culture has more influence on the rich traditional culture and family
life
Topic 10.2 – The Christian Home
 The family unit is bound together in Christian love. All activities are
controlled and guided by Christ
 Read Gen 2:24
 Read Eph 5:25
 Read Deut 6:4-9
 Read Heb 13:2
 The home should reflect God’s purity and goodness
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Topic 10.3 – Duties of Parents to their
Children
 Parents should recognize that their children are a gift from God. Read Titus
2:4; Luke 15:11-32; Psalm 127:3-5; Titus 2:5;
 Parents should teach their children the things of God, Deuteronomy 6:4-9;
32:46; Matt 7:7-11
 Parents should pray for their children. Read 1 Chronicles 29:19
 Train and discipline their children. Proverbs 22:6; 13:24; Hebrews 12:5-11
Topic 10.4 – Duties of Children to their
Parents
 The first duty of children is to honour and obey their parents, Exodus 20:12;
Eph 6:1-2; Luke 2:51
 Take care of their parents in old age. 1 Timothy 5:4; Mark 7:9-13
 Respect their elders. 1 Samuel 3:1-14; 1 Peter 5:5
Topic 10.5 – Loyalty to God Comes First in
the Family
Jesus: Example of Loyalty (Luke 2:40-52)
 He showed love and respect for His earthly parents by His obedience
Loyalty to Christ Will Divide Families (Luke 12:51-53)
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 Faith in him would divide families for and against Him, and against each
other.
The Cost of Discipleship (Luke 9:59-62)
 Read Luke 9:59-62
Topic 10.6 – Parent /Child Relationships in
Other Religions
Islam
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Children are a gift from God
Parents train and discipline their children
Children respect and obey their parents
Children are responsible to caring for old parents, especially their mothers
Hinduism
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Children are a gift from God
Parents train, discipline and give spiritual guidance to children
Children respect their elders
Children are guided spiritually by observing religious traditions and
celebrations
Zambian Tradition
Read Topic 10.1
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References
Biography.com
Pinterest.com
Freebibleimages.org
ECZ RE Grade 12 Book
Geography.name
Gsfdcy.com
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