Date
Ordere
d
Name of
the Drug
Classification and
Indication
Dose, Route, and
Frequency
Mechanism of
Action
Contraindication
Side
Effects
Generic
Name:
Classification:
Pharmacotherapeuti
c: Selective inhibitor
of cyclic nucleotide
phosphodiesterase
type 3
Clinical: Antiplatelet
and vasodilator
agent
Dosage: 100 mg
Inhibits
phosphodiesteras
e type 3 (PDE3),
leading to
increased
intracellular cyclic
adenosine
monophosphate
(cAMP). This
elevation of cAMP
results in
vasodilation,
enhancing blood
flow to the legs
and reducing
symptoms of
intermittent
claudication in
peripheral arterial
disease (PAD).
Additionally,
cilostazol exerts
antiplatelet
effects, inhibiting
platelet
aggregation, and
demonstrates
inhibitory effects
on smooth muscle
cell proliferation.
These actions
collectively
Hypersensitivity.
Vascular:
Tachycardia,
tachyarrythmia,
hypotension
Cilostazol
Brand
Name:
Pletal
Indication:
Used for treatment of
intermittent
claudication.
Prescribed to clients
with PAD to increase
walking distance and
improve symptoms
with reduced blood
flow to the legs.
Route: PO
Frequency: OD
Congestive heart
failure.
History of
ventricular
tachycardia.
Fibrillation,
tachyarrythmia,
unstable angina
pectoris,
myocardial
infarction.
Recent
haemorrhagic
stroke.
Active bleeding.
Pregnancy and
breastfeeding.
Concomitant use
of strong CYP3A4
inhibiors.
Nursing
Responsibility

Cardiac: Angina
pectoris,
ventricular
extrasystoles

Gastrointestinal:
Diarrhea,
nausea,
vomiting,
dyspepsia,
flatulence,
abdominal pain,
abnormal feces

Metabolism:
Anorexia
Respiratory,
thoracic,
mediastinal:
Rhinitis,
pharyngitis
Skin:
Ecchymosis,
rash, pruritus

Assess
patient’s
neurological
status, vital
signs, and
signs of
bleeding.
Administer
cilostazol
according to
physician’s
order and
medication
chart.
Implement
therapeutic
exercises and
ambulation
activities to
augment the
effects of
drug therapy
and promote
increased
walking
distance.
Educate
patient and
family on
medication’s
purpose,
potential side
effects, and
contribute to its
role in improving
blood circulation
and addressing
symptoms
associated with
PAD.


Generic
Name:
Edaravone
Brand
Name:
Conjuvon
Classification:
Pharmacotherape
utic: Free radical
scavenger or
antioxidant
Clinical:
Neuroprotective
agent
Indication:
Dosage: 30 mg
(1 amp) / 20 ml
Route: IV
Frequency: q12
Acts as a free
radical
scavenger,
combating
oxidative stress
and lipid
peroxidation. Its
neuroprotective
mechanism
helps stroke.
mitigate
neuronal
Hypersensitivity.
Pregnancy and
breastfeeding.
Hepatic:
Jaundice,
bilirubinuria
Severe renal
impairment.
Renal: Acute
renal failure,
proteinuria
Liver
dysfunction.
Digestive:
Belching


importance of
adherence.
Instruct
patient to
report other
bothersome
side effects,
including
severe or
prolonged
headache or
diarrhea.
Document
medication
administration
and patient’s
response to
medication.
Assess
patient’s
neurological
status, vital
signs, and
symptoms.
Administer
edaravone
according to
physician’s
order and
medication
chart.
damage, making
it valuable in
conditions like
amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis
(ALS) and acute
ischemic
Used for
treatment of ALS
and acute
ischemic stroke.
Skin: Rash,
pruritus
Vascular:
Elevated blood
pressure,
flushing
Other: Fever,
anemopyretic
cold, elevated
triglyceride,
decreased total
serum protein.
Generic
Name:
Atorvastati
n
Brand
Name:
Lipitor
Classification:
Hydroxymethylglut
aryl CoA (HMGCoA) reductase
inhibitor.
Indication:
Do not use in pts
with active
hepatic disease.
Note:
Individualize
dosage based on
Dyslipidemias
PO: ADULTS,
ELDERLY:
Initially, 10–20
mg/day (40 mg
in pts requiring
greater than
45% reduction
in LDL-C).
Range: 10–80
mg/day.
Atorvastatin
works by
inhibiting HMGCoA reductase,
an enzyme
involved in
cholesterol
synthesis. By
reducing the
production of
cholesterol in
the liver, it helps
lower LDL
cholesterol
levels and may
also have a
modest impact

Hypersensitivity.
Active liver
disease or
unexplained
persistent
elevation of
serum
transaminases.
Pregnancy and
lactation.
Children.
Common:
Atorvastatin is
generally well
tolerated. Side
effects are
usually mild
and transient.
Frequent
(16%):
Headache.
Occasional
(5%–2%):
Myalgia, rash,
pruritus,
allergy. Rare

Educate
patient and
family on
medication’s
purpose,
potential
side effects,
and
importance
of
adherence.
Document
medication
administratio
n and
patient’s
response to
medication.
Baseline
assessment
Obtain
baseline
cholesterol,
triglycerides,
LFT. Question
for possibility
of pregnancy
before
initiating
therapy.
Obtain dietary
history.
baseline
LDL/cholesterol,
goal of therapy,
pt response.
Maximum dose
with strong
CYP3A4
inhibitors: 20
mg/day.
Heterozygous on raising HDL
Hypercholeste cholesterol.
rolemia PO:
CHILDREN 10–
17 YRS:
Initially, 10
mg/day.
Maximum: 20
mg/day
(less than
2%–1%):
Flatulence,
dyspepsia,
depression.
Intervention/e
valuation
Monitor for
headache.
Assess for
rash, pruritus,
malaise.
Monitor
cholesterol,
triglyceride lab
values for
therapeutic
response.
Monitor LFTs,
CPK.
Patient/family
teaching
• Follow
special diet
(important part
of treatment).
• Periodic lab
tests are
essential part
of therapy.
• Do not take
other
medications
without
consulting
physician.
• Do not chew,
crush,
dissolve, or
divide tablets.
• Report dark
urine, muscle
fatigue, bone
pain.
• Avoid
excessive
alcohol intake,
large
quantities of
grapefruit
products.
Generic
Name:
Metformin
Brand
Name:
Metformin
HCI
Classification:
Biguanide
Antihypherglycemi
c
Indication:
Treatment for
NDDM (Type 2)
500mg tab Adult
initially 500 mg
bid; increase by
500mg daily in
divided doses at
weekly intervals,
max: 3 g daily. If
2.5 g is required,
give tid, 850-mg
tab Adult initially
850 mg once
daily or bid. May
be increased to
2-3 g daily.
Metformin, a
commonly
prescribed
medication for
type 2 diabetes,
operates
through a
multifaceted
mechanism. It
primarily
reduces liver
glucose
production,
enhances insulin
sensitivity in
muscles, and
activates AMPK
for cellular
energy balance.
Metformin also
Diabetic coma
and
ketoacidosis.
Severe infection,
stress, trauma.
Renal or hepatic
impairment.
Heart failure,
recent MI,
dehydration,
alcoholism or
other conditions
predisposing to
lactic acidosis.
Gastro
Intestinal
effects eg.
Anorexia,
nausea, and
diarrhea.
Brand
Name:
Telmisartan
Generic
Name:
Micardis
Classification:
Angiostensin
Receptor Blockers
(ARBs)
Indication:
Used alone or in
combination with
other classes of
The typical
starting dose of
telmisartan for
adults in the
treatment of
hypertension is
often 40 mg once
daily. Depending
on the patient's
has effects on
mitochondrial
function and
decreases
intestinal
glucose
absorption.
Notably, it
avoids
stimulating
insulin release
from the
pancreas,
minimizing the
risk of
hypoglycemia.
Overall, its
diverse actions
make metformin
a key player in
managing type 2
diabetes by
lowering blood
glucose levels
and improving
metabolic
control.
Telmisartan acts
by selectively
and reversibly
binding to
angiotensin II
AT1-receptors in
vascular smooth
muscle and the
adrenal gland,
Individuals with
a history of
hypersensitivity
or allergy to
telmisartan or
any components
of the
medication.
Dizziness,
lightheadednes
s, blurred
vision, or back
pain as your
body adjusts to
the medication.
Other side
effects of
Regularly
monitor the
patient's blood
pressure to
assess the
effectiveness of
telmisartan in
antihypertensives
for the treatment of
hypertension. Also
used in the
treatment of
diabetic
nephropathy in
hypertensive
patients with type
2 diabetes
mellitus, as well as
the treatment of
congestive heart
failure (only in
patients who
cannot tolerate
ACE inhibitors).
response, the
dosage may be
increased to a
maximum of 80
mg once daily.
The medication is
usually
administered
orally, with or
without food.
preventing the
vasoconstrictor
effects and the
synthesis/releas
e of aldosterone
associated with
angiotensin II.
This leads to a
reduction in
systemic
vascular
resistance.
Telmisartan
does not inhibit
angiotensinconverting
enzyme, other
hormone
receptors, or ion
channels.
Additionally,
studies suggest
that telmisartan
may act as a
partial agonist of
PPARγ, a target
for antidiabetic
drugs. This
implies potential
benefits in
improving
carbohydrate
and lipid
metabolism, as
well as
controlling
Pregnant
women,
especially during
the second and
third trimesters,
due to the
potential risk of
harm to the
fetus.
Micardis
include stuffy
nose, sinus
pain, cough,
stomach pain,
diarrhea,
headache, tired
feeling,
weakness, or
skin rash.
controlling
hypertension.
Educate the
patient about
the importance
of consistently
taking
telmisartan as
prescribed by
their healthcare
provider.
Conduct
ongoing
assessments of
renal function,
especially in
patients with
pre-existing
renal
impairment or
those at risk of
renal
dysfunction.
Be vigilant for
potential
adverse effects,
such as
dizziness or
lightheadedness
Generic
Name:
Amlodipine
Brand
Name:
Norvasc
Classification:
Hypertension
PO: ADULTS:
Calcium Channel
Initially, 5
Blocker,
mg/day as a
Antianginal
single dose.
Agents,
May titrate
Dihydropyridine
every 7–14
days.
Maximum: 10
Indication:
mg/day.
Amlodipine may be SMALLused alone or in
FRAME,
combination with
FRAGILE,
other
ELDERLY: 2.5
antihypertensive
mg/day as a
and antianginal
single dose.
agents for the
May titrate q7–
treatment of the
14 days.
following
Maximum: 10
conditions:
mg/day.
CHILDREN 6–
• Hypertension
17 YRS: 2.5–5
mg/day.
• Coronary artery
disease
CAD
PO: ADULTS:
5–10 mg/day as
insulin
resistance,
without the side
effects
associated with
full PPARγ
activators.
Inhibits calcium
movement
across cardiac
and vascular
smooth muscle
cell membranes.
Therapeutic
Effect: Dilates
coronary
arteries,
peripheral
arteries/arteriole
s. Decreases
total peripheral
vascular
resistance and
B/P by
vasodilation.
, which can
occur, especially
at the beginning
of treatment.
Contraindication
s:
Hypersensitivity
to amLODIPine.
Cautions:
Hepatic
impairment,
severe aortic
stenosis,
hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy
with outflow tract
obstruction.
Frequent
(greater than
5%):
Peripheral
edema,
headache,
flushing.
Occasional
(5%–1%):
Dizziness,
palpitations,
nausea,
unusual
fatigue or
weakness
(asthenia).
Rare (less
than 1%):
Chest pain,
bradycardia,
orthostatic
hypotension.
Baseline
assessment
Assess
baseline
renal/hepatic
function tests,
B/P, apical
pulse.
Intervention/e
valuation
Assess B/P (if
systolic B/P is
less than 90
mm Hg,
withhold
medication,
contact
physician).
Assess for
peripheral
edema behind
medial
malleolus
(sacral area in
bedridden pts).
Assess skin for
• Chronic stable
angina
• Vasospastic
angina
(Prinzmetal’s or
Variant angina)
• Angiographically
documented
coronary artery
disease in patients
without heart
failure or an
ejection fraction <
40%
Carvedilol
Piracetam
a single dose.
ELDERLY, PTS
WITH HEPATIC
INSUFFICIENC
Y: 5 mg/day as
a single dose.
Dosage in
Hepatic
Impairment
ADULTS,
ELDERLY:
(Hypertension)
Initially, 2.5
mg/day.
(Angina)
Initially, 5
mg/day. Titrate
slowly in pts
with severe
impairment.
flushing.
Question for
headache,
asthenia.
Patient/family
teaching
• Do not
abruptly
discontinue
medication.
• Compliance
with therapy
regimen is
essential to
control
hypertension.
• Avoid tasks
that require
alertness,
motor skills
until response
to drug is
established.
• Do not ingest
grapefruit
products.
Cinnarizine
Clopidogrel
Betahistine