Anergy: Anergy refers to the absence or diminished ability of the body's immune system
to respond to an antigen or a specific stimulus, resulting in a weakened immune
response.
Hepatitis: Hepatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the liver. It can be
caused by various factors like viruses, alcohol abuse, autoimmune conditions, and
certain medications.
Immunity: Immunity refers to the body's ability to resist and protect itself from invading
pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances. It can be innate
(natural) or acquired (through previous exposure or vaccination).
Infection: Infection occurs when pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or
parasites, invade the body and multiply, leading to illness or disease.
Jaundice: Jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by an accumulation of
bilirubin in the blood. It is often a symptom of liver disease, such as hepatitis or liver
failure.
Leukopenia: Leukopenia refers to a decrease in the number of white blood cells
(leukocytes) in the blood. It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections,
certain medications, and autoimmune disorders.
Lymphocytopenia: Lymphocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low number of
lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the blood. It can be caused by various
factors, including viral infections, immune system disorders, and certain medications.
Opportunistic infections: Opportunistic infections are infections that occur in individuals
with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or who are
taking immunosuppressant drugs. These infections are typically caused by pathogens
that are normally harmless in healthy individuals.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): Pre-exposure prophylaxis is a preventive treatment
approach where individuals at high risk of acquiring a particular infection, such as HIV,
take medication regularly to reduce the likelihood of infection.
Retrovirus: A retrovirus is a type of RNA virus that uses reverse transcription to replicate
its genetic material into the DNA of the host cell it infects. Examples of retroviruses
include HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).
Viral hepatitis: Viral hepatitis refers to liver inflammation caused specifically by viral
infections. There are several types of viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and
E, each caused by different viruses.
Viremia: Viremia refers to the presence of virus particles in the bloodstream. It occurs
when viruses actively replicate within the body and can be associated with various viral
infections.