Question
Answer
What are the three main visual arts discussed in
this chapter?
Painting, architecture, and sculpture.
What will students gain knowledge and
understanding about in this chapter?
How artists conceptualize and realize their art forms based on societal influences and the
progress of visual arts from prehistoric to modern periods.
What can students do after studying this chapter?
Classify different works of art by citing their characteristics based on the influences of artists in a
particular period and present exhibits of artworks based on different art movements by citing
their influences and characteristics.
What will students be able to do at the end of this
lesson?
1. Distinguish the underlying history and philosophy of the art period or era. 2. Identify the
characteristics, dominant theme, famous artists, and their masterpieces of the art period or era.
3. Research about the famous artists and their masterpieces in each period/era. 4. Gather art
clips/pictures of the masterpieces of famous artists and provide data describing the period of
such art existence.
What is the oldest known painting, and where is it
found?
Believed to be about 32,000 years old, found at the Grotte-Vhauvet in France, depicting horse,
rhinoceros, lions, buffalos, and mammoths.
Where are the cave paintings of antelopes found?
In Altamira, Spain.
During which period were numerous paintings and
engravings found in European caves and
shelters?
Roughly between 40,000 and 14,000 years ago, during the Ice Age.
What do most of the cave art consist of?
Paintings and engravings.
What were the red pigments made of?
Iron oxides (hematite).
What were the black pigments made of?
Manganese dioxide and charcoal.
What is cave art considered to be associated
with?
Religious or symbolic functions.
According to Jean Clottis, what beliefs and
practices were the characteristics of cave art
created within?
Shamanic beliefs and practices.
What is the Egyptian writing system known as?
Hieroglyphics.
What is the first art form presented with images?
Hieroglyphics, the Egyptian writing system.
What are the three stages in the development of
Egyptian painting?
a. Old Kingdom - associated with worship and life after death. b. Middle Kingdom - associated
with scenes from local wars, animal life, dancing, and hunting scenes. c. New Kingdom - found
in rock tombs depicting scenes of funerals and pilgrimages.
What were the Egyptian architects and engineers
skillful in building?
Temples, palaces, and funeral tombs of the pharaohs.
What were most Egyptian temples made of for
durability purposes?
Stones instead of bricks.
What is the most famous pyramid built about
4,500 years ago?
The Great Pyramid of Giza.
What were the Egyptian temples considered to be
the home of?
The gods.
What are the characteristics of Egyptian
sculptures?
Symmetrical, perfectly arranged, solemn, ceremonious, and utilitarian in nature.
What is the fundamental principle of Greek
culture?
ARETE, meaning excellence and reaching one’s full potential.
What are the characteristics of Greek art?
Incorporation of the fundamental principle of ARETE, birthplace of Western civilization, and
contributions to painting, sculpture, and architecture.
What are the two great civilizations that developed
in Crete and mainland Greece?
The Minoan Civilization and Mycenaean Civilization.
What led to the decline of the Minoan Civilization?
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
What did the Minoans export to places such as
Egypt, Asia Minor, Syria, and Greece?
Honey and olive oil.
What did the Mycenaean Civilization borrow from
Pottery and jewelry decorated with designs in the Minoan style.
Question
Answer
the Minoan Civilization?
Who employed Minoan artisans?
Mycenaean kings.
Where did the Mycenaeans take the Minoan's sea
trade?
To Italy, Egypt, Phoenicia, and Sicily.
What caused the decline and downfall of the
Mycenaean civilization?
The invasion of the Dorian.
What are the three basic periods of fine art in
Greece?
Archaic Period, Classical Period, Hellenistic Period.
What characterized the Archaic Period in Greek
art?
Period of gradual experimentation.
What characterized the Classical Period in Greek
art?
Flowering of mainland Greece power and artistic dominations.
What characterized the Hellenistic Period in
Greek art?
Massive Greek cultural influence, creation of 'Greek style Art', decline of Greece, and rise of
Rome.
What is the most developed art of the pre-Archaic
period?
Archaic Greek Pottery.
What does the Archaic Greek Architecture rely
on?
Simple post-lintel building techniques.
What are the three orders of the Greek
architecture?
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian.
What does the Doric column symbolize?
Strength and nobility of the Greeks.
What does the Ionic column symbolize?
Tenderness and being natural of the Greeks.
What does the Corinthian column symbolize?
Anxiety and insecurities of the Greeks.
What heavily influenced the Archaic Greek
Sculpture?
Egyptian and Syrian techniques.
What materials were used for Archaic Greek
Sculpture?
Stone, terracotta, bronze, ivory, and bones.
What was used to color marble and wooden
sculptures?
Tempera and encaustics.
What type of painting was involved in Archaic
Greek Painting?
Fresco painting.
What were the usual subjects of Classical Greek
sculpture?
Gods and goddesses.
What became the main medium for free-standing
works in Classical Greek sculpture?
Bronze.
How did the anatomy become more accurate in
Classical Greek sculpture?
Greek artists started to render human and animal forms in a realistic manner.
What are some characteristics of Classical Greek
sculpture?
Flexed knees, turned heads, and contemplative expressions.
What are some examples of Hellenistic sculpture?
Nike of Samonthrace, the Dying Gaul, Apollo Belvedere, and the Lacoön Group.
What are some examples of the Wonders of the
World produced by the Greeks in Arts?
Colossus of Rhodes, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum of
Halicarnassus, Lighthouse of Alexandria.
What were most of the artworks produced during
the Medieval times?
Purely religious artworks.
What are some forms of medieval art?
Mosaics, manuscripts, and fresco paintings.
What were medieval sculptures and paintings
Holy family and saints, although some depicted war scenes.
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Answer
mainly focused on?
What are some major periods of medieval art?
Early Christian art, Migration Period art, Byzantine art, Insular art, Pre-Romanesque,
Romanesque, and Gothic art.
What are some distinctive features of
Anglo-Saxon art?
Use of bright and vivid colors in illustrating manuscripts, and fine and highly intricate metal
works.
What are the characteristics of Romanesque art?
Preservation of iconic biblical events, records of important figures, beautiful styles in painting and
sculpture, illuminated manuscripts, and scenes from carved figures.
What influenced the development of Byzantine
art?
Arts of the Roman Empire, Ancient Greek, and Egyptian arts.
What is the focus of Byzantine art?
Religious expressions and translation of church teachings into artistic forms such as paintings,
sculptures, and mosaics.
What are the characteristics of Gothic art?
Presented in animated facial expressions and pose, includes fresco sculpture, illuminated
manuscripts, panel paintings, and stained glass painting of both secular and Christian essence.
What are the common types of Islamic
architectures?
Mosque, Madrasah, Hammam, Caravanserai, Casbah/Citadel, and Mausoleum.
What is the focus of Islamic architecture?
Building traditions of Muslim populations, both secular and religious styles, and influence on the
design and construction of buildings and structures.
What is a characteristic feature of the early church
building in the Philippines, especially in
Mindanao?
Integration of Chinese and Muslim forms and style elements.
What are the common interpretations of Islamic
architecture?
Manifestation of Allah's infinite power in designs and repeating themes, rare depiction of human
and animal forms in decorative arts, and focus on interior rather than exterior space.
What does the word 'Renaissance' mean?
It means 'rebirth' or 'revival'.
When did the Renaissance period occur?
In the 14th to 15th century.
Where did the revival of classical art, literature,
architecture, and learning originate?
Italy.
What are the three periods into which
Renaissance art is divided?
Early Renaissance, High Renaissance, and Late Renaissance/Mannerism Period.
What are the characteristics of the art works in the
High Renaissance period?
Deepening of the pictorial space and making the sky more dramatic with dark cloud.
What does the term 'Mannerism' mean?
It means 'manner' or 'style', denoting exaggerated, foreshortening, and elongated features.
What are the concepts of artworks during the
Mannerism period?
Distorting elements to produce drama, unusual lighting effects, frequent eroticism, bright colors,
fine detail, spatial, scenic, and dramatic distorted poses.
What does the Baroque period emphasize in
artworks?
Exaggerated motion, easily interrupted details, drama, grandeur, and tension.
What are some characteristics of the Baroque art
movement?
Elaborate ornamentation, religious grandeur, and theatrical effects.
Which countries did the Baroque art movement
flourish in?
Italy, Spain, Flanders, Dutch Republic, France, and England.
What historical events coincided with the Baroque
art movement?
Worldwide mercantilism, age of exploration, advances in shipbuilding, extensive voyaging, and
improved cartography.
What are the characteristics of Baroque art in
Italy, Spain, and Flanders?
Didactic to spiritual purposes, possessing theatrical effects, grand buildings, and strongly
supported by the Pope.
What are the characteristics of Baroque art in
France?
Opulence, identified with absolutism, simplistic, and dignified.
What are some common characteristics of art
works in the Rococo period?
Use of light or pastel colors, curvaceous forms, graceful lines, cherubs with myths of love, highly
ornate, and exquisite study of details.
Question
Answer
What inspired the Neo-Classicism period in
western art?
Revival of the styles and spirit of classical antiquity, especially in the field of architecture, and
excavated figurines and sculptures in Roman and Greek colony archaeological sites.
What are some characteristics of the artworks
found in the Neo-Classicism period?
Precise details, dynamism, elegance and simplicity, strong horizontal and vertical lines, shallow
spaces, sober colors, and clarity in forms.
Where did the Romanticism art movement begin?
Germany and England.
What are the characteristics of the Romanticism
art movement?
Style of art that found its subject in the world of dramatic and exotic, appealed to the emotions of
the audience, and provides deep love of nature and concerns about the metamorphosis of the
world.
What are some common characteristics of
artworks in the modern period?
Individualism, exoticism, emotions, and the revival of Gothic.
What are some art movements under the modern
period?
Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, Surrealism, and Dadaism.
What is the primary goal of the modern art
movement?
To please the public.
What is the art movement that offers unlimited
opportunities for artists and lovers?
The modern period.
What is the art movement that involves capturing
fleeting effects of natural light and sketchy styles?
Impressionism.
Who is a prominent French painter who led the
Realism movement in 19th century French
painting?
Gustave Courbet.
What is the name of the movement derived from
the work of Claude Monet's 'Impression, sunrise'?
Impressionism.
What are some characteristics of artworks in the
Realism movement?
Conveys a truthful and objective vision of contemporary life.
What are some characteristics of artworks in the
Impressionism movement?
Visible brush strokes, free style, common subject matter, and unusual visual angles.
Who is an American landscape painter and
printmaker associated with the Realism
movement?
Winslow Homer.
Who is the founder of French Impressionist
Painting?
Oscar Claude Monet.
What are two famous works by Oscar Claude
Monet?
WATER LILIES and THE JAPANESE FOOTBRIDGE.
Who is the major impressionist painter famous for
works like THE STARRY NIGHT and THE
POTATO EATERS?
Vincent Van Gogh.
Who is the artist known for helping shape the
Impressionist Movement and creating works like
PONT NEUF and BY THE SEASHORE?
Pierre-Auguste-Renoir.
Who is regarded as one of the founders of
Impressionism and known for works like LITTLE
DANCER OF FOURTEEN YEARS and BALLET
REHEARSAL?
Edgar Degas.
What is Post-Impressionism?
An art movement that appeared after the Impressionism movement, marking the beginning of
modern art.
What are some characteristics of
Post-Impressionist art?
Use of vivid or arbitrary colors, thick application of paint, emphasis on geometric forms, and
focus on real life subjects.
Who is famous for works like THE CARD
PLAYERS, CURTAIN, and JUG AND FRUIT in the
Post-Impressionist movement?
Paul Cezanne.
Question
Answer
Who is famous for the artwork TAHITIAN WOMEN
OF THE BEACH in the Post-Impressionist
movement?
Paul Gauguin.
What is Symbolism in art?
An art movement characterized by fascination with the inner world of fantasy and emphasis on
imagination over the copying of nature, using symbols in presenting art subjects.
What are some famous works by Gustav Klimt, an
Austrian symbolist painter?
THE KISS and PORTRAIT OF ADELE BLOCK BAUER.
Who is a Norwegian painter famous for works like
THE SCREAM, MADONNA, and VAMPIRE in the
Symbolism movement?
Edvard Munch.
Who is a Mexican painter known for self-portraits
like SELF-PORTRAIT WITH THIRN NECKLACE
AND HUMMINGBIRD and SELF-PORTRAIT
DEDICATE TO LEON TROTSKY in the
Symbolism movement?
Frida Kahlo De Rivera.
Who is Gustave Moreau?
A French symbolist painter known for illustrating biblical and mythological figures.
What is Art Nouveau?
An art movement that flourished between 1890 to 1910, characterized by long, sinuous organic
lines and used in jewelry, architecture, interior design, posters, and illustrations.
Who is Alfons Maria Mucha?
A Czech Art Nouveau painter and decorative artist famous for works like 'THE SLAV EPIC' and
'THE SEASONS (Spring, Summer).'
Who is Henri Marie Raymonde De
Toulouse-Lautrec Monfa?
A French painter, printmaker, draftsman, and illustrator famous for works like 'AT THE MOULIN
ROUGE' and 'THE HANGOVER'.
Who is Aubrey Vincent Beardsley?
An English illustrator and author famous for the work 'THE PEACOCK SKIRT'.
Who is Koloman Moser?
An Austrian artist in the 20th century graphic art famous for works like 'FLOWER BASKET' and
'VENUS IN THE GROTTO'.
What is Fauvism?
An art movement popular in France characterized by the use of vivid colors to express feelings,
intense bright, clashing colors, distorted forms and perspectives, vigorous brush styles, and flat
linear patterns.
Who is Henri Matisse?
A French artist known for his use of color and original craftsmanship, famous for works like
'WOMAN WITH A HAT' and 'BLUE NUDE'.
Who is Andre Derain?
A French painter, sculptor, and co-founder of Fauvism along with Henri Matisse, famous for
works like 'PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG GIRL' and 'CHARING CROSS BRIDGE FISHING BOAT'.
Who is Henri Charles Manguin?
A French painter associated with Les Fauves, famous for works like 'NUDE BENEATH THE
TREES' and 'VIEW OVER GRIMAND'.
What is Expressionism?
An art movement emphasizing emotional experiences and subjective, personal, and
self-expression.
When did the Expressionism movement begin?
In the early 20th century, centered in Germany.
What is one of the common characteristics of
Expressionism art?
Distorted images of reality to express the artist's inner feelings.
Who is August Macke?
A German painter trained at Dusseldorf Academy and known for his works like 'WOMAN IN
GREEN JACKET' and 'PEOPLE BY THE BLUE LAKE'.
Who is Frank Kupka?
A Czech artist and member of Ecole de Paris known for producing abstract expressionist
colorism.
What is Cubism?
An art movement that started in France, emphasizing the display of objects from multiple angles
and points of view.
Who suggested the concept of Cubism in 1909?
Henri Matisse.
Who is Pablo Ruiz Y Picasso?
A Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, and more, known for works like 'THE OLD GUITARIST'
and 'GUERNICA'.
Who is George Braque?
A major 20th-century French painter, collagist, and printmaker known for works like 'WOMEN
WITH A GUITAR' and 'STILL LIFE WITH A BOTTLE'.
Question
Answer
What is Futurism?
An art movement in the early 20th century that started in Italy, celebrating scientific and
technological progress.
Who wrote the manifesto advocating an artistic
revolution for Futurism?
Filippo Tommaso Marinette.
What were the common characteristics of
artworks in the Futurism movement?
Focused on speed and the power of the modern world.
What is the main focus of the Futurist movement?
Promoting a new taste for energy, speed, and power of modern technology and urban life.
Name an influential Italian painter and sculptor
associated with the Futurist movement.
Umberto Boccioni.
What are some famous works by Umberto
Boccioni?
“Dynamism of the Biker” and “Dynamism of a Soccer Player”.
Who is considered a leading member of the
Futurist movement and is known for works like
“Armored Train in Action”?
Gino Severini.
Who authored the manifesto, The Art of Noises,
and is known for works like “Crocifissione con le
pie donne”?
Luigi Russolo.
What is the main concept of the Constructivism
art movement?
Art should serve a social purpose beyond aesthetics and should be constructed.
What is the artistic and architectural philosophy
that emerged in Russia in the early 20th century?
Constructivism.
Who is considered one of the two most important
figures in the Soviet avant-garde art movement of
the 1920s?
Vladimir Yevgrafovich Tatlin.
Who pioneered geometric abstract art and was a
Russian painter and art theoretician?
Kasimir Malevich.
What is the main characteristic of Dadaism as an
artistic and literary movement?
Ignoring conventional aesthetic and cultural values, producing non-sense artworks with no rules
or values.
Who is famous for the work 'Nude Descending a
Staircase' and is associated with the Dadaist
movement?
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp.
Who is Hans Bellmer?
A German artist best known for his life-sized pubescent female dolls produced in 1930.
What is Hans Bellmer famous for?
His work 'THE MACHINE GUNNERESS IN A STATE OF GRACE'.
What is Suprematism?
An art movement founded by Kazimir Severinovich Malevich in Russia in 1931, based upon the
supremacy of pure artistic feelings rather than visual depiction of objects.
What are the common characteristics of
Suprematist artworks?
Geometric forms like circles, squares, rectangles, and lines painted in limited colors.
Who is Kazimir Severinovich Malevich?
A Polish-Russian painter and art theoretician, the founder of the Suprematism art movement.
What are some famous works of Kazimir
Severinovich Malevich?
“WOMAN PICKING FLOWERS”, “FOUR SQUARES”, and “BLACK CROSS”.
Who is El Lissitzky?
A Russian artist, designer, photographer, typographer, polemicist, and architect.
What are some famous works of El Lissitzky?
“SELF-PORTRAIT” and “DESIGNS FOR USSR UNDER CONSTRUCTION”.
What is De Stijl?
An art and design movement founded in Holland in 1917 by Theo van Doesburg and Piet
Mondrian, emphasizing ideal spiritual harmony and order, geometric shapes, and simplified
visual compositions.
Who is Theo van Doesburg?
A Dutch artist who practiced painting, writing poetry, and architecture, the leader and founder of
the De Stijl art movement.
What are some famous works of Theo van
Doesburg?
“ARITHMETIC COMPOSITION”, “CONTRA-COMPOSITION WITH DISSONANCES XVI”, and
“PURE PAINTING”.
Question
Answer
What is Art Deco?
A popular art movement that flourished internationally in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, seen
across the spectrum of visual arts such as painting, architecture, sculpture.
What are the characteristics of the art movement
described?
Rich colors, geometric and angular shapes, fashion-oriented, lavish ornamentation, and strongly
decorative.
How did this art style influence other areas of
design?
It influenced stylized images of airplanes, cars, cruises, liners, and skyscrapers.
What does this art style represent?
Luxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in social and technological progress.
Name a famous artist associated with this art
style.
Romain de Tirtoff.
What are some fields in which Romain de Tirtoff
excelled?
Fashion, costume and set design for film, theatre, and opera, graphic arts, and interior
decoration.
Who is known for the works 'A CENTURY
COLOMBIAN EVOLUTION' and 'RISE OF JESUS
ON THE CROSS'?
Santiago Martinez Delgado.
What is the center of the Abstract Expressionism
movement?
The New York School of Modern Art.
How is the art in Abstract Expressionism
characterized?
Non-representational, chiefly improvisational, with distorted and exaggerated subjects and vivid,
shocking colors.
Who is known for the artworks 'STENOGRAPHIC
FIGURE' and 'No. 5'?
Paul Jackson Pollock.
Which artist is associated with the works 'GREEN
AND MAROON' and 'OCHRE AND RED ON
RED'?
Mark Rothko.
Who is an important figure in the development of
Abstract Expressionism in the Philippines?
Jose Joya.
What is the title of Jose Joya's famous work?
“HILLS OF NIKKO”.
What is Op art also known as?
Optical art.
When did the Op art movement start?
In the 1960s.
What type of visual art does Op art use?
Optical illusions.
What do Op art's non-representational geometric
shapes create?
Various types of optical illusions.
Name a famous Op artist known for the artwork
“MOVEMENT IN SQUARES”.
Bridget Riley.
Who is famous for the Op art entitled “ZEBRA”?
Victor Vasarely.
What is the art movement that emerged in Britain
and the United States during the 1950s?
Pop Art.
What materials do artists in the Pop Art
movement use?
Acrylic paints, plastics, photographs, fluorescent, and metallic colors.
Who is famous for the Pop art entitled “WOMAN
WITH FLOWERED HAT”?
Roy Lichtenstein.
Who is famous for the works “RACE RIOT”,
“FOUR MARLONS”, and “MEN IN HER LIFE”?
Andy Warhol.
When did the Minimalism art movement begin?
Post-World War II.
What does the Minimalism art movement focus on
creating?
A purely visual piece without concern for hidden or deeper meanings.
What is the main focus of Conceptual Art?
The idea or concept, and meaning are the most important work of art.
Question
Answer
What does Conceptual Art reject?
The idea that 'Art is Beautiful' and the conventional painting and sculpture.
What kind of materials and objects are used by
artists in the Conceptual Art movement?
Text, imagery, everyday materials, and objects.
What does Social Realism depict?
The daily struggles of the working classes or human condition of its time.
What do artworks in the Social Realism
movement portray?
Human flaws and cruelty of human nature, individual people, small settings, and social
structures.
Who is Yoko Ono and what are some of her
artworks?
She is a Japanese multimedia artist and singer. Artworks include 'PLAY IT BY TRUST' and 'MY
MOMMY IS BEAUTIFUL'.
Who is Yves Klein and what is one of his
artworks?
He is a French artist. Artwork includes 'ANTHROPOMETRY: PRINCESS HELENA'.
Who is Philip Guston and what are some of his
famous works?
He is a painter and printmaker in New York. Famous works include 'HEAD', 'BLUE LIGHT',
'BACK VIEW', and 'INHABITER'.
Who is Edward Steichen and what are some of
his famous works?
He is a Luxembourgian American photographer, painter, and art gallery and museum curator.
Famous works include 'ROCK HILL', 'LONG ISLAND', and 'OYSTER'.
Who is Aaron Siskind and what are some of his
famous works?
He is an American photographer famous for works like 'CHICAGO FAÇADE 9', 'NEW YORK',
'GLOUCESTER 28', and 'TABERNACLE CITY'.
Who is Thomas Hart Benton and what is his
artwork entitled?
He is an American painter and muralist. His artwork is entitled 'HOMESTEAD'.
What is Photo Realism or Super Realism?
A genre of art in which artists study photographs and attempt to produce the image as
realistically as possible.
What kind of scenes does Photo Realism depict?
Simple scenes from everyday lives, such as trucks, fast food, and mechanical toys.
Who is the proponent of the photorealist art
movement?
Louis K. Meisel, an American author and art dealer.
Name some famous Photo Realism artists and
their masterpieces.
a. Elly Kurtz - "SPACE ART" b. Don Eddy - "12:45 WAITING V" c. Duane Hanso - "THE ARTIST
IN HIS LOFT", "TOURIST II", "BATON TWIRLER" d. Richard Ester - "DOWNTOWN" e. Ralph
Going - "WOMAN IN GIRDLE", "BODY REFLECTION".
What is Installation Art?
A relatively new genre of three-dimensional work from the 1960s and 1970s, involving the
configuration or installation of objects in a space for a temporary period, transforming the
perception of space.
Who are some famous Installation artists and their
artworks?
a. Adamo Macri - "CLANDESTINE" b. Nam June Paik - "ELECTRONIC SUPERHIGHWAY:
CONTINENTAL U.S., ALASKA, HAWAII" (1995) c. James Abbot McNeill - "THE PEACOCK
ROOM" d. Gabriel Orozco - "HOME RUN" e. John Pugh - "LIFE IMITATING ART IMITATING
LIFE IMITATING ART" f. Devon Dikeou - "MAMAS DON’T LET YOUR BABIES GROW UP TO
BE COWBOYS".
What is Performance Art?
A genre of art presented live by artists, scripted or unscripted, with the intention to shock and
outrage.
From which artistic roots does Performance Art
trace its movement?
FUTURISM and DADAISM, including demonstrations, protests, and poetry readings.
Who is Christopher Lee “Chris” Burden?
An American artist working in performance, sculpture, and installation art.
How is Marina Abramovic often described?
As “the grandmother of the performance art”.
What are the artistic fields in which Laurie
Anderson works?
Avant-garde artist, composer, musician, and film director.
Who is damali ayo?
An American conceptual artist, performance artist, and author who prefers to write her name in
lower case.
What is Yves Klein known for?
Being a French artist considered to be an important figure in post-war European art, pioneering
the development of performance art and being a forerunner of minimal and pop arts.