ENGR. JEFRIE TAGUBA ALINDAYU, RMP, MSCE
Department Head, Civil Engineering & Architecture
School of Engineering, Architecture & Information Technology
jalindayu@smu.edu.ph
zC o u r s e
Codes:
Time:
No.:
CE 3210
4043
7:30AM-10:30AM (M,T,Th,F)
11AM-1PM (M,T,Th,F)
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GRADING
SYSTEM
PRELIMS
MIDTERMS
FINALS
- 25%
- 25%
- 50%
100%
Requirements
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Attendance & Recitation
NSCP 2015 (Chapter 5)
ASEP MANUAL
Notebook
Problem Sets
Assignments/Seatwork/Case Analyses
Exams
Final Plate
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Course Syllabus
I. Introduction
 Classification of Structural Steel
 Properties of Structural Steel
 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
Designations of Structural Steel
 Steel Sections
 Loads and Loads Combinations (NSCP Chapter 2)
 Elastic vs Plastic Design
IV. Design of Trusses
• Tension Members
• Compression Members
II. Design of Beams
• Bending Stress
• Shearing Stress
• Deflection
• Composite Beams
VI. Design of Baseplate
III. Design of Columns
• Axially Loaded Columns
• Eccentrically Loaded Columns
• Built-up Columns
V. Design of Purlins
(Bending in Both Axes)
• Purlins with Sagrods
• Purlins without Sagrods
VII. Design of Anchor Bolts
VIII. Design of Connections
• Bolted Connection
• Welded Connection
IX. Application (Plate/Project)
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Objectives of Design
 Safety (Strength)
 Serviceability (Efficiency )- How well the structure
performs in terms of appearance and deflection
 Economy- An economical structure requires an
efficient use of materials and
construction labor
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What is steel structure?
Steel structure is a metal structure which is made
of structural steel components connect with each other
to carry loads and provide full rigidity. Because of the
high strength grade of steel, this structure is reliable
and requires less raw materials than other types of
structure like concrete structure and timber structure.
In modern construction, steel structure is used for
almost every type of structure including heavy
industrial building, high-rise building, equipment
support system, infrastructure, bridge, tower, airport
terminal, heavy industrial plant, pipe rack, etc.
Source: William T. Segui, 2013
Trusses
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Industrial Buildings
Bridge Structures
High-Rise Buildings
Tower
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What is steel structure?
*Structural steel is steel construction material which
fabricated with a specific shape and chemical composition to
suit a project’s applicable specifications.
Depending on each project’s applicable specifications, the
steel sections might have various shapes, sizes and gauges
made by hot or cold rolling, others are made
by welding together flat or bent plates. Common shapes
include the I-beam, HSS, Channels, Angles and Plate.
Brief History of Steel Construction
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• In the 1800s, there were three forms of “ferrous metals” in use:
wrought iron, cast iron, and steel.
• In 1855, the Bessemer Method, created by Sir Henry
Bessemer in England, made the production of steel more
efficient. It allowed for the creation of steel with good tensile
strength, however, wrought iron continued to be the more
prevalent choice for iron-based building of the period.
Source: https://www.steelincga.com/a-brief-history-of-steel-construction/
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Brief History of Steel Construction
Steel Construction Highlights Timeline
1883 Brooklyn Bridge completed
1885 Home Insurance Building complete, often seen as the first skyscraper
1889 Eiffel Tower completed
1912 Woolworth Building completed
1930 The Chrysler Building
1931 Empire State Building completed
1947 Steel, LLC founded
1958 Seagram Building completed
1960s Steel completed several major Atlanta projects including Phipps Plaza
shopping center, the World Congress Center, and the CNN building.
1971 U.S. Steel Tower completed
1973 Willis Tower (Sears Tower) completed
2009 Burj Khalifa completed
Source: https://www.steelincga.com/a-brief-history-of-steel-construction/
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Advantages of Structural Steel
1. High Strength
2. Light Weight
3. Uniformity
4. Elasticity
5. Ductility
6. Toughness
7. Ease of Fabrication & Speed of Erection
8. Additional to Existing Structures
9. Recyclable Material
10. Can be Fabricated in Large Sections
Source: Jack C. McCormac, 2012
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Disadvantages of Structural Steel
1. Corrosion
2. Maintenance Cost
3. Fire Proofing Cost
4. Susceptibility to Buckling
5. Fatigue
6. Brittle Fracture
7. Expensive to Transport
Source: Jack C. McCormac, 2012
z What
is the tallest building?
What zis the tallest building?
At the forefront of worldwide skyscraper activity, Jeddah Tower represents an
unprecedented exercise that dares to go beyond the one kilometer threshold, a
height that seemed only to exist in fantasy just years ago. Inspired by a bundle of
leaves shooting up from the ground, it is meant to emanate the growth, prosperity,
and regional emergence of its homeland on the global stage, a role that many of
the world’s tallest buildings have played in their respective locales.
Read More: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/jeddah-tower/2
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Steel Structure
Sears Tower
(Willis Tower)
Read More: https://www.archdaily.com/73442/worlds-tallest-steel-buildings
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Design Codes & Specifications
Buildings must be designed and constructed
according to the provisions of a building code, which
is a legal document containing requirements related to
such things as structural safety, fire safety, plumbing,
ventilation, and accessibility to the physically disabled.
A building code has the force of law and is
administered by a governmental entity such as a city,
a county, or for some large metropolitan areas, a
consolidated government. Building codes do not give
design procedures, but specify the design
requirements and constraints that must be satisfied.
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Design Codes & Specifications
NBCP - National Building Code of the Philippines
(PD1096)
NSCP - National Structural Code of the Philippines
Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514)
Plumbing Code of the Philippines (RA 1378)
Accessibility Law (BP 344)
ACI - American Concrete Institute
AISC - American Institute of Steel Construction
Loads & Load Combinations
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NSCP Chapter 2
1. Strength Design/LRFD
2. Allowable Strength Design
Reinforced Steel Bar
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Steel reinforcement bars or rebars are used to improve the
tensile strength of the concrete, since concrete is very weak in
tension, but is strong in compression.
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Reinforced Steel Bar
Mild Steel Bar
The surface of the mild steel bars are plain
and round in shape. They are available in
various sizes of 6 mm to 50 mm. They are
used in concrete for special purposes,
such as dowels at expansion joints, where
bars must slide in a metal or paper sleeve,
for contraction joints in roads and runways,
and for column spirals. They are easy to
cut and bend without damage.
For structural buildings like bridges and
other heavy structures, mild steel bar is
not recommended due to no great bonding
between concrete and steel, slippage and
strength.
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Reinforced Steel Bar
Deformed steel bars have
ribs, lugs and indentation on
the surface of the bar, which
reduces the major problem
that is faced by mild steel bar
due to slippage and good
bonding is achieved between
concrete and rebar. The
tensile properties is higher
compared to other rebars.
These bars are produced in
sections from 6 mm to 50 mm
dia.
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Fy= yield strength
Reinforced Steel Bar
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Reinforced Steel Bar
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Reinforced Steel Bar
 For every 10,000kgs. - 1
Quality Test
 Physical Test (diameter, wt.
etc…)
 Mechanical Tests
 Chemical Tests
(Phosporous Content)
Reinforced Steel Bar
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Reinforced Steel Bar
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Reinforced Steel Bar
Fu
Fy
Ductile/Mild Steel Graph
Hooke’s Law: 𝛔= 𝛜𝚬
𝛔
𝚬=
𝛜
𝚬 =Modulus of Elasticity
Fy = Yield Stress
Fu = Ultimate Stress
High Strength Steel Graph
A36 Steel: Fy = 36ksi
Fu = 58ksi
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References:
Steel Design (5th Edition) by William T. Segui
Simplified Steel Design By Besavilla
NSCP 2015 Edition
Internet Photos/Videos
Steel Making Process
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