UNIVERSITY OF NORTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES
SAN ROQUE, IRIGA CITY
CAMARINES SUR
EDUC 201 (PHILOSOPHY AND FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION)
Midterm Examination
Give appropriate answer to the questions listed below.
1. Enumerate and simply explain the major educational contribution of the
following:
a. Chinese
Chinese education was aimed at selecting and training people for public service,
thus it put emphasis on the molding of person’s character and the inculcation of
ethical and moral values. The Chinese believed that it was the government’s
responsibility to provide education to the people so that they would know how
to live in harmony and happiness. To promote its focus on ethical teachings,
Chinese Education centered on mastery of the Chinese Language and on classical
literature particularly the works of Confucius.
b. Jewish
Jewish education was religious in nature. It was purely in accordance with the Old
Testament of the Bible and the Talmud, a collection of writings containing a full
account of Jewish civil and religious laws. The goal of education was to prepare
men to know God and to live peacefully among their fellows. School was a yearround session. It was held daily from sunrise until three o’clock in the afternoon.
The school had only one classroom where all students gathered.
c. Spartan
Sparta was the largest polis in Greece. It was purely city-state that exercised
totalitarianism over its subjects. This meant that the subjects had no right at all,
the state claimed full authority over their lives. Education for both male and
female was diverse. There was minimal intellectual training for Spartan male. The
boys engaged in exercises and activities that promoted bodily strength,
endurance, and vitality. They were also exposed to heat and cold to help them
develop hardy bodies. On the other hand, Spartan girls was limited to instructions
given by their mothers. This was related to such domestic chores as taking care
of infants, cooking, nursing the sick, and similar chores.
d. Athenians
Athens implemented a democratic and free society. All schools in Athens were
private and controlled by the private citizens. The training of boys was one
separate from the girls. The education of a boy during the first seven years of his
life was wholly in the hands of the family. The training was practically physical
and the primary concern was for him to develop a well-rounded personality and
in manly physique.
e. Egyptians
Egyptian education was highly practical and empirical. The Egyptian studied only
the subjects that could be applied to their daily lives. They were mentally
obstinate and reluctant toward furthering their education. The Egyptian provide
the modern world with the basic foundation of education—art-music-literature,
mathematics, engineering, architecture, astronomy, geography, geology,
medicine and other fields.
f. Romans
The Romans believed that education should be more inclusive of all of the aspects
of learning (at least for those who could afford to study in schools). In essence,
the Roman culture is something that can still be seen as affection modern
learning, from military, to political, to scientific, to general education. The Roman
education system was based on the Greek system- and many of the private tutors
in the Roman system were Greek slaves or freedmen. The educational
methodology and curriculum used in Rome was copied in its provinces and
provided a basis for education system throughout later Western civilization.
g. Sophists
In education, the Sophists popularized new scientific ideas. They introduced the
physical science, especially astronomy and mathematics, into the Athenian
Curriculum. Sophists offered an education designed to facilitate and promote
success in public life. All of the sophists appear to have provided a training in
rhetoric and in the art of speaking, and the Sophistic movement, responsible for
large advances in rhetorical theory, contributed greatly to the development of
style in oratory.
2. Cite and explain the influence of monasticism, scholasticism, chivalry and the
guild system to the present day Philippines Educational System?
Monasticism
The aim of Monastic Education is the salvation of individual souls, a kind of moral
and physical discipline based on bodily mortification and worldly renunciation for
the sake of moral improvement. In monasticism, monasteries and monastic schools
were the only agencies for education aside from the parish and cathedral schools.
Seven Liberal Arts was the curriculum of the monastic school. It was composed of
grammar, dialect, rhetoric, geometry, arithmetic, music and astronomy. There
were also three types of education in monasticism which are moral and religious
training, literacy education and manual training.
Scholasticism
Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical method
of philosophical analysis predicted upon a Latin Catholic theistic curriculum which
dominated teaching in the medieval universities in Europe from about 1100 to
1700. Its basic beliefs were merging current knowledge and church knowledge.
This philosophy stunned learning because the church was always assumed correct.
Chivalry
Chivalric Education was essentially class education for entrance into aristocracy.
This social discipline taught the young noble to manage his state and to acquire the
class consciousness of superiority over lower class. The aims of chivalric education
were: Morality, to inculcate in the minds of the young nobles the virtues of honor,
bravery, courtesy, etc. And responsibility, to get the young nobles to assume their
responsibilities, how to manage their own estates, and how to deal with the lower
class.
Guild System
Guild is an education platform that upskills your workers and prepares your
organization for the future.
3. Simply discuss the influence of humanism, realism, disciplinism, rationalism
and naturalism on our present-day educational system?
Humanism
Humanistic education is a humane approach to education that help students
believe in themselves and their potential, encouraging compassion and
understanding, and fostering self-respect for others. Also, humanistic education
teaches a variety of skills needed for functioning in today’s world-basic skills such
as reading, writing and computation as well as skills in communicating, thinking,
decision making, problem solving and knowing oneself.
Realism
Realism aims to prepare learners for real and practical life. It calls for teachinglearning methodologies on the basis of subjects and interests of the learners. A
good teacher who embodies the philosophy of realism provides knowledge to the
students all of reality that is pre-existent or is antecedent to our experience. He or
she is master of the subject and knowledgeable with pedagogies. The realist
curriculum emphasizes the subject matter of the physical world, particularly
science and mathematics. The teacher also organizes and presents content
systematically within a discipline, demonstration=ng use of criteria in making
decisions.
Disciplinism
Formal discipline or Disciplinism is a theory that the mind has a number distinct
and general power of faculties such as observation, memory and will power, which
should be strengthened by exercise.
Rationalism
Rationalism is the practice of only believing what is based on reason. They believed
that the aim of education should be the mastery of thinking and judgement rather
than the mere assimilation of facts. An example of rationalism is not believing in
the supernatural.
Naturalism
Naturalism in philosophy, a theory that relates scientific method to philosophy by
affirming that all beings and events in the universe are natural. It also stands for
the doctrine of “follow-nature” in education. It wants all education to be in strict
conformity with the nature of the child. It stands for complete freedom to be given
to the child in learning. His whole education will be according to the natural laws
of human development.
4. Define philosophy. Explain its significant role in education and in a person’s life.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those
about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. The term
philosophy means “love of wisdom”. In broad sense, philosophy is an activity
people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about
themselves, the worlds in which they live, and their relationships to the world
and to each other.
Philosophy of Education may be defined as Application of fundamental
principle of life to the work of education. It also offers a definite a set of principles
and establishes a definite set of aims and objectives. It offers criteria for
intelligent interpretation of educational end and means.
Philosophy in person’s life. My philosophy on life is that you should live while
you are alive and you should give others the same privilege. We shouldn’t judge
people for the choices they make, because we all make bad decisions. You should
do what you want in your life, as long as it makes you happy and causes no harm
to others.
5. Compare and contrast periods of Philippine History.
Spanish rule (1521-1898)
The Spanish colonial period of the Philippines began when explorer Ferdinand
Magellan came to the islands in 1521 and claimed it as a colony for the Spanish
Empire. Spain has three objectives in its policy toward the Philippine, its only
colony in Asia: to acquire a share in the spice trade, to develop contacts with China
and Japan in order to further Christian missionary efforts there, and to convert
the Filipinos to Christianity. An important impact of Spanish rule in the
Philippines is the creation of a mestizo culture which entrenched landed interests
and a highly skewed land distribution.
American rule (1898-1946)
The period of American colonization of the Philippines lasted for 48 years, from
cession of the Philippines to the U.S. by Spain in 1998 to U.S. recognition of
Philippine independence in 1946. In an effort to become global imperial and
economic powerhouse, the United States political leaders colonized the
Philippines due to its strategic location in the Pacific Ocean.
Japanese Occupation (1941-1946)
The Japanese occupation of the Philippines occurred between 1941-1945, when
Imperial Japan occupied the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War
II. The invasion of the Philippines started on December 8, 1941, ten hours after
the attack on Pearl harbor, an American aircraft were severely damaged in the
initial Japanese attack. Lacking air cover, the American Asiatic fleet in the
Philippines withdrew to java on December 12, 1941. General Douglas McArthur
was ordered out, leaving his men at Corregidor on the night of March 11, 1942
for Australia, 4, 000 km away. Japan occupied the Philippines for three years, until
the surrender of Japan.
Philippine self-rule (1946-present)
On July 4, 1946, the United States formally recognized the independence of the
Republic of the Philippines. The independence of the Philippines was marked by
Manuel Roxas retaking his oath as President of the Philippines, eliminating the
pledge of allegiance to the United States required prior to independence.
Final Exam
Give appropriate answer to the questions listed below.
1. Define academic freedom. Explain its implication on the Philippine Education
System.
Academic freedom is a moral and legal concept expressing the conviction that the
freedom of inquiry by faculty members is essential to the mission of the academy
as well as the principles of academia, and the scholars should have freedom to
teach or communicate ideas or facts. For Conception, it is the freedom to pursues
knowledge without boundaries in an unencumbered and enabling environment.
According to the 1987 constitution, academic freedom should be enjoyed in all
institutions in higher learning. Every citizen has a right to select a profession or
course of study, subject to fair, reasonable, and equitable admission and academic
requirements. State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional
advancement.
2. Explain why education is considered a function of the state and a right not a
privilege of all citizens.
Education is not a privilege. It is a human right. Education as a human right
means:
 The right to education is legally guaranteed for all without any
discrimination.
 States have the obligation to protect, respect, and fulfill the right to
education.
 There are always to hold states accountable for violations or
deprivations of the right to education.
3. Among the countries which colonized the Philippines, identify the country to
whom, we can attribute the present structure organization of the DepEd?
Explain your answer how.
Education in the Philippines has undergone several stages of development from
the pre-Spanish times to the present. Each country which colonized the Philippines
has their own contribution to our present educational system. To carry out the
DepEd mandates and objectives, the Department is organized into two major
structural components. The central office maintains the overall administration of
basic education at the national level. The field offices are responsible for the
regional and local coordination and administration of the Department’s mandate.
4. Explain how the government provides adequate support to vocational and
technical as well as non-formal education programs.
The Philippines has worked a lot to make sure a greater number of students are
attending school that’s why there are other kinds of education aside from the
traditional one or the formal education.
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is education and
training which provides knowledge and skills for employment. TVET uses formal,
non-formal and informal learning. TVET is recognized to be a crucial vehicle for
social equity, inclusion and sustainable development. It also prepares people to
work in various jobs, such as trade, craft or technician.
Non-formal Education refers to education that occurs outside the formal school
system. It is often used interchangeably with terms such as community education,
adult education, life-long education and second-chance education. The mission of
Non-formal Education (NFE) in the Philippines is to empower the Filipino with
desirable knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that will enable him/her to think
critically and creatively, act innovatively and humanely in improving the quality of
his/her life and that of his/her family, community and country.
5. Prove whether the courses offered in the tertiary level are relevant to the
condition and needs of our country.
Tertiary education refers to any type of education pursued beyond the high school
level. This includes diplomas, undergraduate and graduate certificates, bachelor’s,
master’s and doctorate degree. The varied courses offered in tertiary levels were
relevant to the condition and needs of our country since it provides all learners
with capabilities they require to become economically productive, develop
sustainable livelihoods, contribute to peaceful and democratic societies and
enhance individual well-being.
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
JOY A. PADILLA
MA Student
ADELAIDA P. HERNANDEZ, Ed.D
MA Professor