BOSH REVIEWER NOTES: ➢ Occupational Safety and Health Standards -was formulated in 1978 in compliance with the constitutional mandate to safeguard the worker’s social and economic well-being as well as his physical safety and health. -Adopted through the tested democratic machinery of tripartism, - the 1978 Standards is considered as a landmark in Philippine labor and social legislation. ➢ PPE – Personal Protective Gear ➢ ISLE -Integrated Survey on Labor and Employment ➢ OID – Occupational Injuries and Diseases ➢ TYPE OF INJURY • • ➢ International Labor Organization (ILO) – bore fruit in August 1989 • • ➢ Article 162 of the Labor Code of the Philippines • • • ➢ Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) focuses primarily on protecting employees in the workplace from accidents, injuries, and exposure to harmful substances. • • • • • ➢ Several Key Benefits • • • • • Reduced risk or accidents or injuries by identifying and mitigating hazards Improved efficiency and productivity due to fewer employees missing work from illness or injury Improved employee relations and morale (a safer work environment is a less stressful work environment) Reduced costs associated with accidents or injuries (healthcare and rehabilitative costs, losses in productivity, impact on employees’ well-being) Lower insurance premiums resulting from fewer workplace incidents and workers’ compensation claims Open wound – 40.5% cases Superficial injuries -22.4% cases Burns and corrosion -7.6% Dislocations, Sprains, and strains Fractures Injury of muscles and Tendons Foreign body entering through natural opening (eyes, ears Injury of Nerve/s of part of body injured Crushing Injury Injury of blood vessels Traumatic amputations Toxic effect of substances ➢ Top cases of occupational injuries 2019 • • • • • Type of injury: open wounds (40.5%) Part of body injured: wrist and hand (39.8%) Cause of injury; caught by or in between objects (28.5%) Agent of injury; Machines and equipment (29.5%) Occupation: Plant and machine operators and Assemblers (33.7%) ➢ Occupational Diseases 2017 & 2019 2017 – 101,851 2019 – 54, 551 ➢ “Approved” - shall mean acceptable to the Bureau after test and examination show compliance with standards. ➢ Top 3 occupational diseases 2019 1. Back pain -39.0% 2. Neck-shoulder pain – 12.1% 3. Occupational dermatitis9.4% ➢ Top 3 Industries Occupational diseases ➢ PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 626 FURTHER AMENDING CERTAIN ARTICLES OF PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 442 ENTITLED "LABOR CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES" EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION AND STATE INSURANCE FUND with 1. Manufacturing – 31.8% 2. Administrative and support service activities – 24.3% 3. Human Health and social work activities except health activities – 9.8% ➢ DOLE – Department of Labor and Employment ➢ Presidential Decree No. 442 known as the LABOR PHILIPPINES. CODE OF THE ➢ Republic Act 11058: An act strengthening compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations thereof (OSH LAW) ➢ PEZA- Philippine Economic Zone Authority ➢ biologic agents - such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoas, nematodes, and other parasites. ➢ 1211- Philippine Electrical Code is hereby adopted and the standards contained therein shall be considered safety standards to the extent that they safeguard any person employed in any workplace and control the practice of electrical engineering. ➢ “Installation” - as used in this Rule shall mean assemblage of electrical equipment in a given location, designed for coordinated operation, properly erected and wired. ➢ ECC – Employee Commission Compensation Art. 193. Permanent partial disability. The benefit shall be paid for not more than the period designated in the following schedules: Complete and permanent . loss of the use of One thumb – One index finger – One middle finger – One ring finger – One little finger – One big toe – One toe – One arm – One hand – One foot – One leg – One ear – Both ears – Hearing of one ear – Hearing of both ears – Sight of one eye – No. of Months 10 8 6 5 3 6 3 50 39 31 46 10 20 10 50 25 Government Fund • State SSS -means the Social Security System -created under Republic Act 1161 or the Social Security Act of 1954, as amended. (June 18, 1954) -AN ACT TO CREATE A SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM PROVIDING SICKNESS, UNEMPLOYMENT RETIREMENT, DISABILITY AND DEATH BENEFITS FOR EMPLOYEES • Types of hazards • Physical hazards -are environmental factors that can lead to injuries. -These include exposed electrical wiring, falling objects, wet floors, and other conditions that can cause slips, falls, cuts, or other injuries. - Some physical hazards don’t necessarily need to make physical contact to cause harm, such as excessive noise levels, heat, and pressure. • Biological hazards -can lead to diseases, infections, and other serious health conditions. -Mold and fungi, blood and other bodily fluids, bacteria, viruses, sewage, and vermin are all examples of biological hazards. -Using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is vital to preventing exposure to biological hazards and protecting your health. • Chemical hazards - can be inhaled as gases or vapours, or come in contact with skin as a liquid or solid. -They can cause skin irritation, burns, respiratory problems, blindness, or other serious health complications. -Chemicals such as cleaning products, acids, pesticides, and petroleum products need to be handled responsibly with proper PPE to prevent exposure. • Ergonomic hazards - put strain on muscles, tendons, and other connective tissues of the body. -They can result from bad posture, not using dollies other mechanical GSIS -means the Government Service Insurance System -created under Commonwealth Act 186 or the Government Service Insurance Act, as amended. (Nov. 14, 1936) -AN ACT TO CREATE AND ESTABLISH A “GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE SYSTEM,” TO PROVIDE FOR ITS ADMINISTRATION, AND TO APPROPRIATE THE NECESSARY FUNDS THEREFOR • pensioner. (As amended by Section 3, Executive Order No. 179) Insurance HDMF -means Home Development Mutual Fund -was created through Republic Act 9679 (otherwise known as Home Development Mutual Fund Law of 2009, July 21, 2009) to further strengthen the then known as the PagIBIG fund which was created by virtue of Presidential Decree 1530 -(INSTITUTING A SYSTEM OF VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS FOR HOUSING PURPOSE, June 11, 1978) ➢ Funeral benefit. – A funeral benefit of Three thousand pesos (P3,000.00) shall be paid upon the death of a covered employee or permanently totally disabled assistance, and repetitive or awkward lifting/movement. -They can lead to musculoskeletal injuries such as muscle sprains, ruptured or herniated discs, and carpal tunnel. • Psychological hazards -can lead to depression, concentration problems, inattention, or negligence. -This type of hazard includes workrelated stress, fatigue, harassment, and violence. -These conditions can, in turn, lead to morale issues, reduced productivity and quality of work, and increased risk of injury. Promoting Occupational Safety and Health in Your Workplace a. Make sure that your OSH policies comply with all federal and/or state laws and regulations b. Ensure that your staff is properly trained on all machinery and equipment they may use in the workplace and are certified to operate them if required c. Keep Safety Data Sheets for all chemical products in use at your workplace, and make sure that they are easily accessible by your employees d. Have all necessary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as hard hats, eye protection, and respirators readily available to all employees e. Use tools and other equipment correctly and only for their intended purpose f. Use mechanical assistance such as carts, dollies, or pallet jacks when lifting or moving heavy objects. g. Maintain good posture when sitting, standing, or lifting, especially when doing so for extended periods of time DEFINITION OF TERMS: Occupational accident -is an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence arising out of or in connection with work which results in one or more workers incurring a personal injury, disease or death. Occupational injury -is an injury which results from a work-related event or a single instantaneous exposure in the work environment (occupational accident). Case of occupational injury -refers to case of one worker incurring an occupational injury as a result of one occupational accident; -also refers to a person injured (or persons injured) brought by an accident related to work. Fatal cases -are defined as cases where a person is fatally injured as a result of occupational accident Non-fatal cases with workdays lost -refers to cases of either permanent incapacity cases or temporary incapacity cases Permanent incapacity case -is where an injured person was absent from work for at least one day, excluding the day of the accident, Temporary incapacity case -is where an injured person was absent from work for at least one day, excluding the day of the accident, Non-fatal cases without workdays lost -is where the injured person required only first aid or medical treatment on the day of the accident and was able to perform again, on the day after the accident Occupational disease -is defined as an abnormal condition or disorder aside from one resulting from an occupational injury caused by exposure over a period of time Hours actually worked -includes (a) normal or regular hours of work; (b) overtime; (c) time spent at the place of work such as the preparation of workplace, repairs, maintenance, preparation and cleaning of tools and preparation of receipts, time sheets and reports; Commuting accidents -is an accident which results to death or personal injury occurring on the habitual route of a worker, in either direction, Definition of terms. 1. “Code” - means the Labor Code of the Philippines instituted under Presidential Decree Numbered four hundred forty-two, as amended. 2. “Commission” means the Employees’ Compensation Commission created under this Title. 3. “SSS” means the Social Security System created under Republic Act Numbered Eleven hundred sixty-one, as amended. 4. “GSIS” - means the Government Service Insurance System created under Commonwealth Act Numbered One hundred eighty-six, as amended. 5. “System” - means the SSS or GSIS, as the case may be. 6. “Employer” - means any person, natural or juridical, employing the services of the employee. 7. “Employee” - means any person compulsorily covered by the GSIS under Commonwealth Act Numbered 8. “Person” - means any individual, partnership, firm, association, trust, corporation or legal representative thereof. 9. “Dependent” - means the legitimate, legitimated or legally adopted or acknowledged natural child who is unmarried, not gainfully employed, and not over twenty-one (21) years of age or over twenty-one (21) years of age 10. “Beneficiaries” means the dependent spouse until he/she remarries and dependent children, who are the primary beneficiaries. 11. “Injury” - means any harmful change in the human organism from any accident arising out of and in the course of the employment. 12. “Sickness” - means any illness definitely accepted as an occupational disease listed by the Commission, or any illness caused by employment 13. “Death” - means loss of life resulting from injury or sickness. 14. “Disability” - means loss or impairment of a physical or mental function resulting from injury or sickness. 15. “Compensation” means all payments made under this Title for income benefits and medical or related benefits. 16. “Income benefit” - means all payments made under this Title to the providers of medical care, rehabilitation services and hospital care. 17. “Medical benefit” - means all payments made under this Title to the providers of medical care, rehabilitation services and hospital care. 18. “Related benefit” - means all payments made under this Title for appliances and supplies. 19. “Appliances” - means crutches, artificial aids and other similar devices. 20. “Supplies” - means medicine and other medical, dental or surgical items. 21. “Hospital” - means any medical facility, government or private, authorized by law, 22. “Physician” -means any doctor of medicine duly licensed to practice in the Philippines, an active member in good standing of the Philippine Medical Association and accredited by the Commission. 23. “Wages” or “Salary”, - insofar as they refer to the computation of benefits defined in Republic Act No. 1161, as amended, for SSS and Presidential Decree No. 1146, as amended, for GSIS, respectively, except that part in excess of Three Thousand Pesos. 24. “Monthly salary credit” - means the wage or salary base for contributions as provided in Republic Act Numbered Eleven hundred sixty-one, as amended, or the wages or salary. 25. “Average monthly salary credit” - in the case of the SSS means the result obtained by dividing the sum of the monthly salary credits in the sixtymonth period immediately following the semester of death or permanent disability by sixty (60), except where the month of death or permanent disability falls within eighteen (18) calendar months from the month of coverage, in which case, it is the result obtained by dividing the sum of all monthly salary credits paid prior to the month of contingency by the total number of calendar months of coverage in the same period. 26. “Average daily salary credit” - in the case of the SSS means the result obtained by dividing the sum of the six (6) highest monthly salary credits in the twelve-month period immediately preceding the semester of sickness or injury by one hundred eighty (180), except where the month of injury falls within twelve (12) calendar months from the first month of coverage, in which case it is the result obtained by dividing the sum of all monthly salary credits by thirty (30) times the number of calendar months of coverage in the period. 27. In the case of the GSIS, the average daily salary credit - shall be the actual daily salary or wage, or the monthly salary or wage divided by the actual number of working days of the month of contingency. 28. “Quarter” - means a period of three (3) consecutive months ending on the last days of March, June, September and December. 29. “Semester” - means a period of two consecutive quarters ending in the quarter of death, permanent disability, injury or sickness. 30. “Replacement ratio” – The sum of twenty percent and the quotient obtained by dividing three hundred by the sum of three hundred forty and the average monthly salary credit. 3. Training 31. “Credited years of service” – For a member covered prior to January, 1975, nineteen hundred seventy-five minus the calendar year of coverage, plus the number of calendar years in which six or more contributions have been paid from January, 1975 up to the calendar year containing the semester prior to the contingency. 4. Risk Assessments 32. “Monthly income benefit” - means the amount equivalent to one hundred fifteen percent of the sum of the average monthly salary credit multiplied by the replacement ratio, and one and a half percent of the average monthly salary credit for each credited year of service in excess of ten years: Provided, That the monthly income benefit shall in no case be less than two hundred fifty pesos. Some key components of occupational safety and health management system 1. Planning -Whether you use a paper-based ‘Safety Statement’ or dedicated OSH management software, planning should be front and center of everything you do. 2. Incident reporting -An OSH system should be accessible to all members of an organization, from senior management down to junior employees, so that they can report incidents in a timely manner. - Without training, organization’s OSH system won’t run smoothly, no matter how much investment in OSH training and computer software training. -This means that the system should help the organization’s senior management conduct risk assessments and decide on an appropriate course of action. 5. Certification - The OSH system should be certified by a trusted third party to ensure that it is fit for purpose. 6. Communication - The OSH system must help personnel to communicate with each other and help the organization foster communication. 7. Data Accessibility -Every OSH system generates significant amounts of data and the goal of the management system should be to share and make use of that. List of Occupational Diseases (under PD 626) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Papilloma of the bladder Cancer Cataract Deafness Decompression sickness Caisson disease Aeroembolism Dermatitis due to irritants and sensitizers poisoning Pneumoconiosis Diseases caused by abnormalities in temperature and humidity Viral hepatitis Poisoning by cadmium Leukemia and lymphoma Infections: Anthrax, Brucellosis, Glanders, Rabies, Tuberculosis, Tularemia, Weill’s disease, Q Fever or equine encephalomyelitis, Mite dermatitis Vascular disturbance in the upper extremities due to continuous vibration from pneumatic tools or power drills, riveting machines or hammers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Cardio-vascular diseases Cerebro-vascular accidents Malaria and schistosomiasis Pneumonia Hernia Bronchial asthma Osteoarthritis Viral encephalitis Peptic ulcer Pulmonary tuberculosis Viral hepatitis Essential hypertension Asbestosis Ionizing radiation disease, inflammation, ulceration or malignant disease of the skin or subcutaneous tissues of the bones or leukaemia or anemia of the aplastic type due to X-rays, ionizing particles, radium or other radioactive substances Acute radiation syndrome: Chronic radiation syndrome and Glass blower’s cataract.
