The Summary of the midterm exam
Structure skills: 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8
Reading skills: 1/2/3/5/8
‫‪Structure Skills‬‬
‫)‪Skill 1-8 (page 98-106‬‬
‫قواعد (صفحة ‪) 98-106‬‬
‫‪T. Majd Abushunnar‬‬
‫)‪Section 1 (1-5‬‬
‫‪Skill 1 (one subject and one verb) page 98:‬‬
‫‪Simple sentences consist of one subject and one verb.‬‬
‫مالحظة‪:‬‬
‫ال يوجد في اللغة االنجليزية جملة اسمية (جميع الجمل فعلية) لذلك يجب ان تتأكد ان هناك فاعل ‪ +‬فعل‬
‫فعل ‪+ verb‬فاعل ‪Simple sentence= subject‬‬
‫حتى لو بدت الجملة مفهومة لديك يجب ان يكون فيها فاعل وفعل‬
‫كما وال يمكن للفاعل ان يأتي بعد الفعل ( دائما الفاعل يسبق الفعل)‬
‫عندما نبحث عن الفاعل فاننا نبحث عن اسم (‪ )………boy, school, program‬او ضمير رفع ‪(he, she, it, they,‬‬
‫)‪we you, I‬‬
‫ال يمكن للصفات ( ‪ ) beautiful, tall, educational‬والظروف( ‪ ) still, quite, last week, quickly‬وضمائر‬
‫الملكية ( ‪ )mine, his‬و ضمائر النصب (‪ ) him, her‬ان تكون فاعل او فعل ‪ .‬لذلك اذا رأينا صفة او ظرف يجب ان نتأكد‬
‫ان هناك اسم (فاعل) يتبعهم وكذلك بالنسبة للفعل‪.‬‬
‫ولذلك العنصران الوحيدان واالساسيان بالجملة هما الفعل والفاعل وعدم وجودهما قد يؤدي الى خطأ بالجملة كما ان وجود‬
‫اكثر من فعل وفاعل يؤدي الى وجود خطأ بالجملة‪ ,‬كما هو موضح باألمثلة االتية‪:‬‬
‫‪If the sentence has:‬‬
‫‪1) more than one subject or verb, it will be incorrect (extra or doubled verb or subject).‬‬
‫انتبه عند وجود أكثر من فعل وفاعل ستكون الخيارات باالمتحان )‪(extra or doubled verb or subject‬‬
‫‪Example:‬‬
‫‪The new computer program in our company it increases the efficiency in our work.‬‬
‫)‪(Incorrect extra subject it‬‬
‫في هذه الجملة الفاعل هو ‪ program‬و اما الفعل هو ‪increases‬‬
‫الفاعل الثاني الي يجعل الجملة غير صحيحية هو ‪it‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪Ahmad and Salma decided to visit their grandparents live in Aqaba.‬‬
‫)‪(Incorrect extra verb live‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
decided ‫ والفعل‬Ahmad ‫الفاعل‬
:‫مالحظة‬
live ‫ الفعل الثاني الي يجعل الجملة غير صحيحية هو‬-1
‫ فلذالك ال يؤثران على‬,‫ ) اليدل على زمن هال نعده فعل‬to visit ( ‫ معطوفة فال نعده فاعل و‬Salma ‫ ان‬-2
‫الجملة‬
‫) هو شئ اضافي ال يؤثر على الجملة قواعديا‬to + v( ‫ دائما‬-3
2) no subject or verb, it will be incorrect (it misses or lacks subject or verb).
(it misses or lacks subject or verb) ‫انتبه عند عدم وجود فعل وفاعل ستكون الخيارات باالمتحان‬
Example:
-
By the next meeting of the class need to turn in the papers. (incorrect misses subject)
need ‫الحظ ان الجملة ال تحتوي على فاعل اما الفعل هو‬
‫( وال‬of the class((By the next meeting ‫وذلك الن جميع ما جاء قبل الفعل هو عبارة عن جار ومجرور‬
subject‫يوجد فاعل‬
-
The directions to the exercise on page 20 unclear to understand. (incorrect misses verb)
directions ‫ الحظ ان الجملة ال تحتوي على فعل اما الفاعل هو‬‫ ) ال يعد فعل‬to understand( ‫) هو شئ اضافي لذلك‬to + v( ‫ دائما‬:)singular or plural( ‫ تأكد ان الفعل يطابق الفاعل من حيث العدد‬:‫مالحظة‬
A pride of lions…………in the forest. (live, lives, living)
live‫ وليس‬lives‫ مفرد فالجواب‬pride‫الفاعل‬
Skill 1/ Exercise 1(page 99) ‫حل تمارين الكتاب‬
1. Last week went fishing for trout at the nearby mountain lake. (I)
Analysis:
The sentence has a Verb (went), but it doesn't have a Subject. So it is incorrect.
2. A schedule of the day's events can be obtained at the front desk. (C)
Analysis:
The sentence has a Subject (schedule) and a verb (can be obtained), so it is correct.
3. A job on the day shift or the night at the plant available. (I)
Analysis:
The sentence has a Subject (Job), but it doesn't have a Verb.
The correct sentence should be "A job on the day shift or night at the plant is available".
4. The new computer program has provides a variety of helpful applications. (I)
Analysis:
The sentence has a Subject ( The new computer program) and auxiliary verb (has), but main
verb (provides) is incorrect. So, it is incorrect.
The correct Sentence should be The new computer program has provided a variety of helpful
program.
5. The box can be opened only with a special screwdriver. (C)
Analysis:
The sentence has a subject (box) and a Verb (can be opened). So it is correct
6—————– The assigned text for history class it contains more than twenty chapters.
Incorrect/ extra subject (it)
7—————– The papers in the wastebasket should be emptied into the trash can outside.
Correct
8—————– Departure before dawn on a boat in the middle of the harbor. Incorrect /lacks
verb
9————– Yesterday found an interesting article on pollution. Incorrect/ misses subject
10————– The new machine is processes 50 percent more than the previous machine.
Incorrect / extra verb/ is and processes are two different verbs
Skill 2 (be careful of the object of preposition) page 99:
An object of a preposition (‫ )االسم المجرور‬is a noun or a pronoun that comes after a preposition
(‫ ) حرف الجر‬such as in, at, of to, by, behind, and on to form a prepositional phrase ( ‫الجار‬
‫)والمجرور‬.
Prepositional phrase (‫ = ) الجار والمجرور‬preposition(‫ ) حرف الجر‬+ object of preposition( ‫االسم‬
‫)المجرور‬
Under the table
= under
+ table
‫ في االمتحان سوف تسأل بأن تعين هذة المصطلحات وتحددها في الجملة لذلك يجب بأن تفرق هذه المصطلحات‬:‫مالحظة‬
‫ اما الجار والمجرور‬object of a preposition ‫ واالسم المجرور‬preposition ‫ اكرر حرف الجر اسمه‬.‫وتحفظم جيدا‬
‫ اما االتي هو مجموعة من حروف الجر باللغة االنجليزية وان الذي يأتي بعدهم هو اسم‬. prepositional phrase ‫فهو‬
object of a preposition ‫مجرور‬
Prepositions in English: in, at, of ,to, by, behind, on, before, after, among, throughout, above,
about, beneath, beside, next to, from, for, by, below, over, across, into, towards, according to,
due to, between, against, except, during……..
Example:
The trip (to the island) (on Saturday) will last (for three hours). In this sentence:
1) Prepositional phrases: to the island, on Saturday, for three hours.
2) Objects of preposition: the island, Saturday, three hours.
3) Prepositions: to, on, for
An object of a preposition cannot be the subject in the sentence.
‫اليمكن لالسم المجرور ان يكون فاعل تماما مثل اللغة العربية فال يمكن لكلمة ان نعربها فاعل مرفوع واسم مجرور في‬
‫نفس الوقت‬
Example:
-
During the week eat lunch in the school cafeteria. (incorrect lacks/misses subject)
During the week ‫ هو عبارة عن جار ومجرور‬eat ‫الجملة خطأ الن ما جاء قبل الفعل‬
(incorrect lacks/misses subject) ‫لذلك الجملة خطأ‬
-
In the morning after the concert was tired. (incorrect lacks subject)
prepositional phrases‫) هو عبارة عن جار ومجرور‬was tired ( ‫الجملة خطأ الن ما جاء قبل الفعل‬
-
(incorrect lacks/misses subject( ‫) لذلك الجملة خطأ‬In the morning /after the concert (
-
In a box on the top shelf of the cabinet in the hallway of the house. (No Subject and No
verbs)
prepositional phrases ‫اما في المثال السابق فال يوجد فيها ال فاعل وال فعل وكل ما فيها هو مجموعة من‬
of the house/ in the hallway/ of the cabinet/ on the top shelf/In a box
Skill 2/ Exercise 2(page 100) ‫حل تمارين الكتاب‬
1. The interviews by radio broadcasters were carried live by the station. (C)
Analysis:
Subject is interviews and Verb is were carried. So, it is correct.
radio broadcasters is not subject. It is object of preposition by.
2. In the last possible moment before takeoff took his seat om the airplane. (I)
Analysis:
Verb is took, but there is not Subject. So it is incorrect.
Last possible moment and takeoff are not Subject. They are only Object of prepositions.
3. At the neighborhood flower shop, flowers in quantities of a dozen or a half dozen can be
delivered.
Analysis:
Subject is Flowers and Verb is can be delivered. So, it is correct.
Neighborhood flower shop and in quantities of a dozen or half dozen are not Subject. They
are only Object of preposition.
4. The progressive reading methods at this school are given credit for the improved test
scores. ( C)
Analysis:
Subject is The progressive reading methods and Subject is are given. So, it is correct.
this school is not a subject. It is only object of preposition at.
5. For the last three years at various hospitals in the country has been practicing medicine. (I)
Analysis:
Verb is has been practicing, but there is no Subject. So, it is incorrect.
Last three years, various hospitals and country are not subject. They are only object of
prepositions.
6————- In the past a career in politics was not considered acceptable in some circle.
correct
7————- Shopping in the downtown area of the city it has improved a lot in recent years.
Incorrect / exta subject i
8————- At the building site the carpenters with the most experience were given the most
intricate work. correct
9————– For the fever and headache took two aspirin tablets. Incorrect/lacks subject
10————– The report with complete documentation was delivered at the conference.
correct
Skill 3 (the appositive) page 101:
An appositive (‫ )البدل‬is a noun that comes before or after another noun and has the same
meaning. An appositive is always separated from the rest of the sentence with comma.
: appositive ‫هناك ثالثة شروط حتى شروط حتى اعتبر الكلمة بدل‬
‫ ان يكون اسم‬.1
subject ‫ ان يحمل نفس معنى‬.2
‫ ان يكون محصور بفواصل وان عدد الفواصل يحدد من هو الفاعل ومن هو البدل‬.3
1) We use one comma when the first noun is the appositive.
subject‫ والثاني هو ال‬appositive ‫اذا كان هناك فاصلة واحدة فاالسم األول هو‬

My sister, Alice Smith likes jelly beans.
(My sister is the appositive) (Alice is the subject)
2) We use two commas when the second noun is the appositive.
subject ‫ واالول هو ال‬appositive ‫اذا كان هناك فاصلتين فاالسم الثاني هو‬

My sister, Alice Smith, likes jelly beans.
(My sister is the subject) (Alice Smith is the appositive)
An appositive cannot be the subject in the sentence.
‫) ان يكون فاعل تماما مثل اللغة العربية فال يمكن لكلمة ان نعربها فاعل مرفوع وبدل مرفوع‬appositive( ‫اليمكن للبدل‬
‫في نفس الوقت‬
Example:
-
The beast, in his party becomes a very interesting show. (incorrect misses subject)
appositive (the beast) ‫) هو عبارة عن‬becomes( ‫ الجملة خطأ الن ما جاء قبل الفعل‬-
-
The Duncan sofa a colonial masterpiece, is highly valued in today's antique furniture
market. (incorrect misses comma)
The Duncan sofa‫في هذا المثال يوجد فاعل‬
(a colonial masterpiece) appositive ‫لكن اليوجد فاصلة تفصلة عن‬
Last weekend, a friend, visited us with his parents. (incorrect misses subject)
adverb (Last weekend) ‫) هو عبارة عن‬becomes( ‫ الجملة خطأ الن ما جاء قبل الفعل‬(a friend)‫ فهي‬appositive ‫ اما‬-
-
Skill 3/ Exercise 3(page 102)‫تمارين الكتاب‬
1. _____ The son of the previous owner, the new owner is undertaking some fairly broad
changes in management policy. correct
2. _____ Last semester, a friend, graduated cum laude from the university. Incorrect/ lacks
subject
3. ______Valentine’s day, February 14, is a special holiday for sweethearts. correct
4. ______At long last, the chief executive officer, has decided to step down.
Incorrect/misses subject
5. ______ Tonight’s supper, leftovers from last night, did not taste any better tonight than
last night. correct
6. ______ The only entrance to the closet, the door was kept locked at all times. correct
7. ______In the cold of winter, a wall heating unit, would not turn on. Incorrect /lacks
subject
8. ______ The new tile pattern, yellow flowers on a white background, really brightens up
the room. correct
9. ______ The high-powered computer the most powerful machine of its type, was finally
readied for use. Incorrect/ lacks comma
10. ______A longtime friend and confident, the psychologist was often invited over for
Sunday dinner. correct
skill 4 (Present participle) page 102:
A present participle is the –ing form of the verb. The present participle can be (1) part of the
verb or (2) an adjective. It is part of the verb when it is accompanied by some form of the verb
be (is, am, are, were, was, will be, has been………). It is an adjective when it is not accompanied
by some form of the verb be.
:‫مالحظة مهمة‬
‫( بغض النظر عن‬ing) ‫ هو عبارة عن جميع الكلمات التي تنتهي ب‬present participle ‫يجب ان تعرف ان‬
.‫وظيفته بالجملة والتي قد تكون فعل او صفة‬
‫) قبل‬verb to be: is, am, are, were, was, will be, has been……… ( ‫اذا كان هناك فعل مساعد‬
.)part of the verb( ‫ فسوف يكون عبارة فعل‬present participle
.)adjective( ‫ فسوف يكون عبارة صفة‬present participle ‫اما اذا لم يكن هناك فعل مساعد قبل‬
-
Example:
-
The film ____ appearing at the local theater is my favorite.
(now, is, it, was)
correct answer is now
‫عندما يكون هناك سؤال امأل الفراغ يجب ان تتأكد ان هناك فاعل و فعل في حال لم يكن احدهم هنالك نكمل الجملة‬
,‫ ظرف‬,‫ الجار والمجرور‬,‫ البدل‬,‫اما في حال كان في الجملة فاعل وفعل نكملها بأحد الزوائد مثل الصفة‬......‫بأحدهما‬
‫وغيرها‬
‫ عبارة عن‬appearing‫ لذلك يجب ان يكون‬is ‫ كما ويوجد فعل‬The film ‫لذلك في المثال السابق الجملة تحتوي على فاعل‬
‫ الن ما يأتي قبل‬now ‫صفة النه لو جعلنها فعل فسوف يكون هناك فعالن وستكون الجملة خطأ فلذلك نختار الظرف‬
‫الصفات هو الظروف‬
-
Humans living at high elevations __ to the lower level of oxygen in the air by producing
more red blood corpuscles.
(adjust, adjusts, the adjustment, adjusting) the correct answer is adjust
‫ عبارة عن صفة حيث ال‬living ‫ ولكن ال يوجد فعل وذلك الن‬Humans ‫في هذا المثال السابق الجملة تحتوي على فاعل‬
‫ الن الفاعل جمع‬adjusts ‫ طبعا نستثني الفعل‬adjust ‫فلذلك نكل الفراغ بالفعل‬..... ‫يوجد فعل مساعد قبلها‬
Note: The -ing form can be a noun when it is the subject, the object or the object of
preposition
object of preposition ‫ او‬subject ‫ قد تكون‬ing ‫ احيانا الكلمات التي تنتهي ب‬:‫مالحظة مهمة جدا‬
object ‫ فمثال اذا جاءو بعد حرف الجر ولم يكن هناك اسم فسيكون‬:‫ونستدل على ذلك من خالل موقعه بالجملة‬
:‫ كما هو موضح بالمثال التالي‬of preposition
-
Example: The radiation piercing the atmosphere is the cause of tanning or burning in
humans.
Piercing is present participle which functions as adjective as it comes after a noun and
there is no auxiliary before it. However, tanning or burning are nouns because they
come after a preposition and thus they are objects of preposition.
Skill 4/ Exercise 4 (page 103) ‫تمارين الكتاب‬
1. The companies offering the lowest prices will have the most customers. (C)
Analysis:
Offering is participle adjective.
Subject is the companies and complete verb is will have.
2. Those travelers are completing their trip on Delta should report to Gate Three. (I)
Analysis:
are completing is incorrect. It should be completing only because completing should
be participle adjective, not part of the verb.
The correct sentence should be "Those travelers completing their trip on Delta should report
to Gate Three."
3. The artisans were demonstrating various handkerchiefs at booths throughout the fair. (C)
Analysis:
demonstrating is a part of the verb because it is accompanied by were.
Subject is the artisans and complete verb is were demonstrating.
4. The fraternities are giving the wildest parties attract the most new pledges. (I)
Analysis:
are giving is incorrect. It should be giving only because completing should be participle
adjective, not a part of the verb.
The correct sentence should be "The fraternities giving the wildest parties attract the most new
pledge".
Subject is the fraternities and complete verb is attract.
5. The first team winning four games is awarded the championship. (C)
Analysis:
winning is correct and function as a participle adjective.
Subject is the first team and complete verb is is.
6.———– The speaker was trying to make his point was often interrupted vociferously.
Incorrect/ extea verb
7.———– The fruits were rotting because of the moisture in the crates carrying them to
market. correct
8.———– Any students desiring official transcripts should complete the appropriate form.
correct
9.———– The advertisements were announcing the half-day sale received a lot of
attention.
Incorrect /extra verb
10.———– The spices flavoring the meal were quite distinctive. Correct
Skill 5 (past participle) page 104:
Past participle is (V3) whether regular (played, studied, and worked) or not (cut, eaten, and
written). It can be (1) part of the verb or (2) an adjective. It is part of the verb when it is
accompanied by some form of the auxiliary be (is, am, are, were, was, will be, has been, is
being………) and some form of the auxiliary have (have, has, and had). It is an adjective when it
is not accompanied by some form of the verb be or have.
:‫مالحظة مهمة‬
‫ يجب ان تعرف ان ‪ past participle‬هو عبارة عن جميع الكلمات لها شكل التصريف الثالث (‪ )V3‬بغض النظر‬‫عن وظيفته بالجملة والتي قد تكون فعل ‪ verb‬او صفة ‪. adjective‬‬
‫ التصريف الثالث قد يكون منتظم ‪ studied/ worked/ finished‬او غير منتظم ‪written/ put/made/‬‬‫‪ taught/ bought‬وعند رؤيته ننظر الى ما قبله‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اذا كان هناك فعل مساعد ( ………‪)verb to be: is, am, are, were, was, will be, has been, is being‬‬
‫أو‬
‫)‪ (have, has, and had‬قبل ‪ past participle‬فسوف يكون عبارة عن فعل (‪.)part of the verb‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اما اذا لم يكن هناك فعل مساعد قبل ‪ past participle‬فسوف يكون عبارة صفة (‪.)adjective‬‬
‫‪Example:‬‬
‫‪1) The reactor core of a nuclear reactor is housed in a steel vessel ___ by a thick layer of‬‬
‫‪concrete.‬‬
‫‪the correct answer is D surrounded‬‬
‫‪C) surrounds‬‬
‫‪(A) is surrounded‬‬
‫‪D) surrounded‬‬
‫‪(B) it surrounds‬‬
‫عندما يكون هناك سؤال امأل الفراغ يجب ان تتأكد ان هناك فاعل و فعل في حال لم يكون احدهم هنالك نكمل الجملة‬
‫بأحدهما‪......‬اما في حال كان في الجملة فاعل وفعل نكملها بأحد الزوائد مثل الصفة‪ ,‬البدل‪ ,‬الجار والمجرور‪ ,‬ظرف‪,‬‬
‫وغيرها‬
‫لذلك في المثال السابق الجملة تحتوي على فاعل ‪ The reactor core‬كما ويوجد فعل ‪ is housed‬لذلك يجب ان‬
‫يكون بأحد الزوائد مثل الصفة‪ ,‬البدل‪ ,‬الجار والمجرور‪ ,‬أو ظرف لذلك نالحظ ان الخيار الوحد المتاح في الخيارات‬
‫هي الصفة ‪surrounded‬‬
‫‪2) The Statue of Liberty, completed in Paris in 1884, ___ in New York Harbor in 1886.‬‬
‫‪the correct answer is was unveiled‬‬
‫‪C) it unveiled‬‬
‫‪(A) the unveiling‬‬
‫‪D) was unveiled‬‬
‫‪(B) to unveil‬‬
‫في هذا المثال السابق الجملة تحتوي على فاعل‪ The Statue of Liberty‬ولكن ال يوجد فعل وذلك الن‬
‫‪completed‬عبارة عن صفة حيث ال يوجد فعل مساعد قبلها وايضا محصور بفواصل ‪.....‬فلذلك نكل الفراغ‬
‫بالفعل ‪was unveiled‬‬
Be careful:
1) The past participle is not simple past.
‫ لذلك يجب ان تحذر وتميز بينهما‬simple past ‫ تشبه بالشكل‬past participle ‫ احيانا الصفة من‬:‫مالحظة‬
- The mechanic fixed our car. (fixed is simple past)
simple ‫ لذلك ال يمكن انا يكون تصريف ثالث وانما هو تصريف ثاني‬fixed ‫ قام بالفعل‬The mechanic ‫في هذه الجملة‬
past
- The car fixed by the mechanic becomes very fast. (fixed is past participle functions as
adjective)
past participle functions as ‫ لذلك سوف يكون‬fixed ‫ بان تقوم بالفعل‬The car‫اما في هذة الجملة اليمكن ل‬
becomes‫ والفعل لهذة الجملة هو‬adjective
2) Present participle denotes the doer of the actions, while the past participle denotes the
recipient of the action.
past ‫ و‬Present participle ‫ احيانا قد تحتاج الجملة بأن تكملها بصفة فعليك ان تقرر بين‬:‫مالحظة‬
:participle
‫ هو اسم المفعول تدل على من قام‬past participle ‫ هي اسم الفاعل تدل على من قام بالفعل اما‬Present participle
‫بالفعل‬
- The ………………house requires a lot of money to be repaired. (damaged, damaging, is
damaged)
‫ هي عالقة من وقع عليه الفعل‬damaged‫ و‬house‫العالقة بين‬
-the…………..woman lost her child. (cried, crying, is crying)
the correct answer (crying)
‫ هي عالقة من قام بالفعل‬crying‫ و‬woman ‫العالقة بين‬
V3 ‫ مثل تأخذ‬house‫ والجمادات‬ing ‫ يأخذ‬woman ‫ في اغلب الحيان ولكن ليس دائما العاقل مثل‬:‫مالحظة‬
‫تمارين الكتاب‬
Skill 5/ Exercise 5 (page 105)
1. The money was offered by the client was not accepted. (I)
Analysis:
was offered should be offered only and function as as adjective.
Correct sentence should be The money offered by the client was not accepted.
2. The car listed in the advertisement had already stalled. (C)
Analysis:
listed function as an adjective.
The Subject is car and verb is had already stalled.
3. The chapters were taught by the professor this morning will be on next week's exam. (I)
Analysis:
were taught should be taught only and functions as an adjective, not part of a verb.
Correct sentence should be The chapters taught by professors this morning will be on next
week's exam.
4. The loaves of bread were baked in a brick oven at a low temperature for many hours. (C)
Analysis:
baked is part of a verb. Subject is loaves of bread and Verb is (were baked).
5. The ports were reached by the sailors were under the control of a foreign nation. (I)
Analysis:
were reached should be reached only and functions as adjective.
Subject is ports and verb is were.
Correct sentence is the ports reached by the sailors were under the control of a foreign nation.
6. Those suspected in the string of robberies were arrested by the police.(C)
Analysis:
arrested is part of a verb. Subject is robberies and verb is were arrested.
7. The pizza is served in this restaurant is the tastiest in the county. (I)
Analysis:
is served should be served only and functions as adjective.
Subject is pizza and verb is is correct sentence should be The pizza served in this restaurant is
the tastiest in the country.
8. The courses are listed on the second page of the brochure have several prerequisites. (I)
Analysis:
are listed should be listed and functions as adjective, not part of a verb.Subject is courses and
verb is have.
Correct answer should be The course listed on the second page of the brochure have several
prerequisites.
9. All the tenants were invited to the Independence Day barbeque at the apartment complex.
(C)
Analysis:
invited is part of a verb.
Subject is tenants and verb is were.
10. Any bills paid by the first of the month will be credited to your account by the next day.
(C)
Analysis:
paid is adjective.
Subject is bills and verb is will be.
Questions (skill 1-5)
T. MAJD ABUSHUNNAR
1) In the yard the children are playing. " the yard" is:
a) appositive
b) extra subject
c) prepositional phrase
d) object of preposition
2) The doctor .......... care of my father advised us to make our father happy as a part of the
treatment.
a) is taking
b) taking
c) takes
d) took
3) My friend, Ahmad is visiting us next week. "My friend" is:
a) appositive
b) object of preposition
c) extra subject
d) none of the above
4) the beautifully ...... dress will be on sales soon.
a) makes
b) making
c) made
d) is making
5) The company fired two employees because of the bad economy. fired is:
a) past participle
b) simple past
c) adjective
d) none of the above
6) The bread _____ baked this morning smelled delicious.
(A) has
(B) was
(C) it
(D) just
7) The classes it taught by Professor Smith were very interesting. This sentence is:
(A) correct
(B) incorrect because there is extra verb
(C) incorrect because there is extra subject
(D) incorrect because there extra subject and extra verb
8) To Mike ____ was a big surprise.
(A) really
(B) the party
(C) funny
(D) when
9) The book ________________ this month did not get much attention.
(A) is publishing
(B) publishes
(C) published
(D) was published
10) The house, sold last week, has been decorated by the new dwellers. “sold” function as:
a) past participle
b) simple past
c) verbs
d) appositive
11) A pride of lions________________ in the forest.
a) live
b) lives
c) living
d) none of the above
Section 2(1-8)
8 ‫و‬7‫ و‬6 :‫القواعد‬
T. Majd Abushunnar
Complex Sentences and connectors
Clause= one subject+ one verb
‫ واحد بمعنى‬clause ‫ فالجملة البسطة تتكون من‬.‫" هو عبارة عن شبه جملة تتكون من فاعل وفعل‬clause" ‫مفهوم‬
‫ بمعنى انها تحتوي‬clause ‫ اما في الجمل المركبة فانها تتكون أكثر من‬.‫انها تحتوي على فاعل واحد و فعل واحد‬
.‫على اكثر من فاعل و فعل‬
In Complex sentences:
.
:‫في الجمل المركبة يجب ان تتحقق من أربعة شروط اساسية‬
1) There are more than one clause (more than one subject and one verb)
‫ فاعل واحد و فعل واحد‬clause ‫ ويجب ان يكون في كل‬clause ‫( يوجد أكثر من‬1
2) There is a connector that links between two clauses (or two connectors when there are three
clauses)
one ‫ فحينها نحتاج الى اداة ربط واحدة‬two clauses ‫ فاذا كان يوجد في الجملة‬. clauses ‫) يوجد اداة ربط تربط بين‬2
two connectors ‫ فحينها نحتاج الى اداتين للربط‬three clauses ‫ اما اذا كان في الجملة‬.connector
3) The connector must be used correctly
‫ وذلك الن لكل نوع من ادواة الربط طريقة استخدام معينة وقاعدة‬,‫) يجب ان تكون اداة الربط مربوطة بطريقة صحيحة‬3
‫خاصة فيها‬
4) The connector must be appropriate
‫) يجب ان يكون معنى اداة الربط مناسب لمعنى الجملة بشكل عام‬4
- Examples:
-
The software should be used on a laptop computer, and this computer is a laptop. (C)
Clause (1): subject (the software), verb (should be used)
Clause (2): subject (this computer), verb (is)
Connector: and
‫ يحتوي على فاعل واحد وفعل واحد‬clause ‫) كل‬1 :‫ففي هذه الجملة يجب انا نتحقق ان‬
‫) ان اداة الربط تم استخدامها بطريقة صحيحة من حيث المعنى والقواعد‬3 ‫) ان هناك اداة ربط‬2
- Each type of connectors has its own rules:
‫ وبالمجمل يوجد نوعين من‬.‫ مربوط بطريقة صحيحة من حيث المعنى والقواعد‬connector ‫كما قلنا سابقا يجب أن نتأكد ان‬
:‫ سوف تسأل عنهم باالمتحان‬connectors
(skill 6) Coordinate connectors .1
(skill 7, 8) adverb connectors .2
1) Skill Six: coordinate connectors
They are five connectors: but, and, so, yet, or, and
‫ وهم خمس روابط‬Coordinate connectors ‫اول نوع من ادوات الربط هو‬
1.
but (‫ وتفيد التناقض )لكن‬contrast, unexpected result:
Ali is tall, but Ahmad is short
2.
and ‫وتستخدم في األفكار المكملة لبعضها أو المتشابهة‬
I went to the market, and I bought some clothes
‫‪ expected result:‬ويأتي بعدها نتيجة متوقعة )لذلك( ‪So‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪I was tired, so I went to bed‬‬
‫‪ choice:‬وتفيد الخيار )أو( ‪Or‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪Ali will write a letter, or Ahmad will do it‬‬
‫‪ unexpected result:‬وتفيد نتيجة غير متوقعة )اال ان( ‪Yet‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬
‫‪I was tired, yet I didn’t go to bed‬‬
‫مالحظة‪ :‬ممكن ان استخدم ‪ but‬مكان جملة تحتاج ‪ yet‬اال ان االولى اذا كانت جملة سبب ونتيجة غير متوقة ان استخدم‬
‫‪:yet‬‬
‫مثال‪:‬‬
‫)‪I didn’t study,….. I passed the exam. (yet, so, and, or‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫لكن لو لم يكن هناك ‪ yet‬من ضمن الخيارات فأختار ‪but‬‬
‫)‪I didn’t study,….. I passed the exam. (or, so, and, but‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫اما اذا كان الخياران مع بعض فنختار االثنان‪:‬‬
‫)‪I didn’t study,….. I passed the exam. (yet, so, and, but‬‬
‫قاعدة ‪Skill 6‬‬
‫‪Coordinate connectors are: 1) always in the middle, 2) always with a comma before‬‬
‫‪them‬‬
‫‪subject 1+ verb1, connector sbject2+verb2‬‬
‫القاعدة االساسية ل‪ coordinate connectors‬ان مكانهم هو وسط الجملة وان قبلهم نحتاج الى فاصلة وال‬
‫ننسى القاعدة االساسية انه في كل ‪ clause‬يوجد فعل واحد وفاعل واحد‬
‫مالحظة‪ :‬ان اول فاعل و اول فعل اسمهما ‪ subject one‬و ‪ , verb one‬اما ثاني فاعل و ثاني فعل اسمهما‬
‫‪ subject two‬و ‪verb two‬‬
‫مالحظة‪ :‬هذة القاعدة تطبق على اداة العطف عندما تربط ‪ two clauses‬فقط‪ ,‬وليس عندما نستخدمهم لتربط اسم مع اسم ثاني‬
‫(‪ )Ali and Salma went home‬او عندما تربط صفة مع صفة او جار ومجرور مع جار ومجر وهكذا‪......‬‬
‫هناك ثالثة انواع اساسية من االسئلة سوف تواجهك باالمتحان‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫اختار اداة الربط المناسبة‪ ,‬مثال‪:‬‬
I forgot my coat, ____ I got very cold.
(A) but
(C) yet
(B) so
(D) because
correct answer is B
:‫ مثال‬,‫ اختار معنى الذي تفيدة اداة الربط‬-
Slama bought a house, so she is moving out. The underlined connector means:
(A) unexpected result
(B) expected result
(C) contrast
(D) manner
correct answer is B
:‫ والتي قد تكون واحدة من االتي‬,‫ حدد اذا ماكانت صحيحة او ال وأعطي السبب‬-
1) extra or missing subjects:
-It was raining, so decided not to go camping. (Incorrect: missing subject two)
‫ ال يوجد له فاعل‬decided ‫الحظ ان الفعل الثاني‬
The dress did not cost too much, but the quality it seemed excellent. (Incorrect: extra subject (it))
it ‫ لذلك يجب ان نحذف‬three subjects: the dress, the quality, and it ‫الحظ ان الجملة تحتوي على‬
2) extra or missing verbs:
- The lawn gets water every day, yet it still brown. (Incorrect: missing verb two)
verb ‫ ال يحتوي على‬the second clause ‫ هم عبارة عن ظروف وليست افعال فبالتاي‬quite ‫ و‬still ‫كما قلنا سابقا‬
complex sentence ‫وفي ما يلي أسباب جديدة لم نواجهها في مادة االمتحان االول النه خاص ب‬
3) extra or missing connector )‫ (ال يوجد اداة ربط‬:
‫ يجب أن يكون هناك اداة ربط‬clause ‫عندما يكون في االجملة أكثر من‬
-The material has been cut, the pieces have been sewn together. (Incorrect: missing/ lacking
connector)
‫ لذلك من الضروري ان يكون فيها اداة ربط‬two clauses ‫هذه الجملة تحتوى على‬
-Or the mail carrier has already delivered the mail. (Incorrect: extra connector)
‫) اي انه يجب ان ال نستخدم اداة ربط‬simple sentence) ‫اما في هذة الجملة ففيها فاعل واحد وفعل واحد‬
4) missing comma: The bill must be paid immediately or the electricity will be turned off.
(Incorrect: missing comma)
‫بما انه يجب علينا أن نستخدم فاصلة قبل اداة الربط فان عدم وجودها سيؤدي ان تكون الجملة خطأ‬
5) misplaced connector (skill 6 ‫) مكان اداة الربط خطأ وهذا الخيار خاص فقط ب‬:
But my dog enjoys being bathed, he hates getting his nails trimmed. (Incorrect: misplaced
connector)
.‫ هو في وسط الكلمة ومن الخطأ أن تأتي في اول الكلمة‬coordinate connector ‫حسب القاعدة موقع‬
6) misused or inappropriate connector (‫)خطأ في االستخدام او غير مناسب‬:
The weather is beautiful, so we are not going out today. (Incorrect: misused connector) (The
answer should be yet NOT so)
‫ غير مناسبة لمعنى‬so ‫ ففي الجملة السابقة‬.‫وهذا الخيار نستخدمة عندما يكون معنى اداة الربط غير مناسب لمعنى الجملة‬
.yet ‫الجملة والتي يوجد فيها نتيجة غير متوقعة‬
‫ اال ان السبب قد يكون احى الخياراة‬,‫ ان وجود ادواة العطف الخمسة في بداية الجملة هو دائما خطأ‬:‫مالحظة مهمة‬
:‫التالية‬
two clause ‫ في حال كان في الجملة‬misplaced connector -1
-
So I heard a noise, I called the police. Incorrect: misplaced connector
one cluase ‫ في حال كان هناك فاعل واحد وفعل واحد‬extra connector -2
- So I heard a noise last night about 7 o’clock. Incorrect: extra connector
‫تمارين الكتاب‬
EXERCISE 6: 108 ‫صفحة‬
1. The software should be used on a laptop computer, and this computer is a laptop. (C)
2. The rain clouds can be seen in the distance, but no has fallen. (I) there is no SUBJECT in the
second clause.
3. They are trying to sell their house, it has been on the market for two months. (I)
There is no Connector. Lacks/misses connector
4. So the quality of the print was not good, I changed the typewriter ribbon. (I) misplaced
connector
5. The lifeguard will warn you about the riptides, or she may require you to get out of the water.
(C)
6. You should have finished the work yesterday, yet is not close to being finished today. (I) the
second clause, is not close to being finished today, It lacks subject 2.
7. The phone rang again and again, so the receptionist was not able to get much work done. (C)
8. The missing wallet was found, but the cash and credit cards had been removed. (C)
9. Or you can drive your car for another 2,000 miles, you can get it fixed. (I)
the connector is misplaced.
10. The chemist was awarded the Nobel Prize, he flew to Europe to accept it. (I) it misses
connector
2) Skill 7, and 8: adverb connectors
‫ لذلك سوف يتم شرحهم مع بعضهم‬skill 8‫ و‬skill 7 ‫مالحظة ال يوجد فرق بين‬
‫ وهم فقط خمسة روابط فقط‬skill 6‫ بعكس ادواة العطف ب‬, adverb connectors ‫اما النوع الثاني من ادوات الربط فهو‬
‫ لذلك يجب ان تحفظ الجدول التالي بدقة‬.‫ ادوات الربط الظرفية كثر وينقسموا الى عدة انواع‬,)or, but, or, yet, and(
:‫ وطريقة كتابة كل واحد منهم كما هو موضح باألمثلة التالية‬,‫ ومعنى‬, ‫شديدة وان تعرف نوع‬
1) their meaning: ‫اسئلة عن المعنى‬
- …………..you hurry, you will be late for school.
a) if b) since
c) whereas
d) unless
ANSWER D
2) their class or usage (whether they are time, cause, contrast, …………) ‫اسئلة عن االستخدام‬
- Since he has long hair, he wears a ponytail.
Since is a) time
b) cause c) place d) condition ANSWER B
3) their spelling ‫اسثلة عن طريقة الكتابة‬
-
……………..the mobile phone is light to carry, it’s very convenient.
a) inasmuchas
b) inas much as
c) inasmuch as
d) in asmuchas
They are too many connectors that you have to memorize (tables in your book p. 109, 111).
You have to know:
109 ‫ هم نفس الجداول الموجودة بالكتاب بصفحة‬,‫الجداول التالية يجب دراستهم بدقة شديدة جدا‬
111‫و‬
-
Time connectors
The connector
Meaning
Usage
Example
time
After I had my coffee, I went to my
work.
time
Before I go to my work, I always have
my coffee.
time
As I was studying , it was raining.
time
I will not talk to
her as long as she behaves rudely
time
I will tell him about this as soon as I
see him.
‫في الوقت‬
time
By the time I get to New York, he
will be gone.
once
‫في الوقت‬
time
Once the report is typed, it will be
sent immediately.
since
time
‫منذ‬
I know her since we were in high
school
after
‫بعد‬
before
‫قبل‬
as
‫بينما‬
as long as
‫طالما‬
(spelling)
as soon as
‫حالما‬
(spelling)
by the time
(spelling)
Until
‫حتى‬
time
I will wait until you come
When
‫عندما‬
time
I was walking when I met a friend
whenever
‫متى‬
time
while
‫بينما‬
time

Whenever he leaves the house he
always takes an umbrella.
I don't want you to
drive while you're so tired
-
Cause connectors
Usage
Example
The connector
Meaning
as
‫ ألن‬, ‫بسبب‬
Cause
As he was tired , he slept
fast.
‫ ألن‬, ‫بسبب‬
Cause
because he was tired , he
slept fast.
‫ ألن‬, ‫بسبب‬
Cause
Inasmuch as he was tired he slept
fast.
‫ ألن‬, ‫بسبب‬
Cause
Now that all the people are here,
we can start the meeting.
‫ ألن‬, ‫بسبب‬
Cause
Since he was tired , he slept
fast.
because
Inasmuch as
(spelling)
now that
(spelling)
since
-
Condition connectors
The connector
if
Meaning
Usage
Condition
‫إذا‬
Example
If you study, you will pass.
in case
,‫في حال‬
(spelling)
‫إذا‬
provided
whether
You will pass in case you
study hard.
Condition
You will pass provided you
study hard.
Condition
You will pass providing you
study hard.
Condition
You will not pass unless you
study hard.
Condition
I will go out to night
whether you go or not.
‫إذا‬
providing
unless
Condition
‫إذا‬
‫إذا لم‬
‫سواء‬
( or not)
‫أوال‬
-
Contrast connectors
the connector
Meaning
Usage
Example
Although
‫بالرغممن‬
Contrast
(Unexpected
result)
Although he studied hard, he
failed.
even though
(spelling)
‫بالرغم من‬
Contrast
(Unexpected
result)
Even though he studied hard,
he failed.
though
‫بالرغممن‬
Contrast
(Unexpected
result)
Though he studied hard, he
failed.
while
‫بينما‬
contrast
While Ahmad always comes
late, Ali comes on time.
contrast
Whereas Ahmad always
comes late, Ali comes on time.
whereas
(spelling)
‫بينما‬
-
Manner connectors
The
connector
as
in that
meaning
usage
example
Manner
As I told you , we should pay
the bill immediately.
Manner
This exam will be more difficult
in that it will contain more
chapters.
‫حسب ما‬, ‫كما‬
‫اي ان‬
(spelling)
-
Place connectors
the connector
meaning
where
wherever
usage
specific place
I will meet you where we
first met.
any place
you can go wherever
you want.
‫حيث‬
‫حيثما‬
example
(spelling)
:‫مالحظة مهمة بخصوص الجداول السابقة‬
‫ وذلك النك سوف تسأل ان تختار اداة الربط المناسبة او تحدد اذا كانت‬connectors ‫يجب ان تعرف معنى كل‬
-
.‫الجملة صحيحية او ال بناءا على معنى اداة الربط‬
‫ خطأ‬as long ‫ صحيحية ولكن‬as long as ‫ فمثال‬, ‫ادواة الربط التي تحتها خط سوف تسأل عن طريقة كتابتها‬
-
in ‫ ولكن‬, ‫ صحيحة‬inasmuch as ‫ مثال اخر‬.‫) مكتوب بطريقة صحيحية‬misspelled connector( ‫والسبب‬
.‫ خطأ‬in asmuch as‫ او‬inas muchas ‫ او‬as much as
‫ (في حال كانت اداة الربط تعود الى اكثر من نوع فيجب ان نعتمد على سياق‬, connectors ‫يجب ان تعرف نوع كل‬
:‫النص لنحدد كما هو محدد باالمثلة التالية‬
Since (time or cause)
-
Since I was a child, I learned how to ride a bike.
(cause, time, condition, contrast)
-
Since I worked hard, I’ve got a promotion.
(cause, time, condition, contrast)
-
As (time, cause, or manner)
-
As the teacher told us, the exam will be next week.
(cause, time, condition, manner)
-
As I worked hard, I’ve got a promotion.
(cause, time, manner, contrast)
-
As I was playing, I broke the window.
(cause, time, condition, manner)
While (time, or contrast)
-
While Ali went to Paris, his brother went to the USA.
(cause, time, manner, contrast)
-
While I was walking, I met a friend.
(cause, time, contrast, manner)
‫ والتي‬skill 6 ‫ وهذا عكس‬,‫ فهناك موقعان الداة الربط في بداية الجملة او في منتصفها‬skill 8 and 7 ‫اما بالنسبة لقواعد‬
:‫تكون ادواة الربط فيها دائما في منتصف الجملة مع وجود فاصلة‬
Unlike coordinate connectors (skill 6), adverb connectors can come in the middle or in the
beginning of the sentence.
With adverb connectors you have to make sure that:
1) if the connector is in the beginning, there will be a comma in the middle.
connector subject 1+ verb1, sbject2+verb2
Because he has been working so hard, he is tired.
‫اذا كان اداة الربط في بداية الجملة يجب ان تكون هناك فاصلة بالمنتصف واال سوف تكون الجملة خطأ‬
1) If the connector is in the middle, there will be no comma in the middle.
subject 1+ verb1 connector sbject2+ verb2
He is tired because he has been working so hard.
‫) يجب ان ال نستخدم فاصلة بالمنتصف واال سوف تكون الجملة‬cluase1 ‫اذا كان اداة الربط في منتصف الجملة (بعد‬
‫خطأ‬
Remember: Each clause must have one subject and one verb, and that there is a connector
‫ويجب ان ال ننسى ان نتأكد ان كل ‪ clause‬يحتوي على ‪.one subject and one verb‬‬
‫فاذا كان هناك ‪ two clauses‬يجب ان نتأكد ان هناك‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫فاعلين وفعلين و اداة ربط‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫اذا كانت اداة الربط بالمنتصف بدون فاصلة ‪ ,‬اما اذا كانت بالبداية يجب ان تكون هناك فاصلة‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫معنى اداة الربط مناسب للجملة‬
‫وفي ما يلي االسباب التي تجعل الجملة خطأ في ‪: skill 7 and 8‬‬
‫‪Incorrect sentences may have:‬‬
‫‪1) missing or Extra comma:‬‬
‫الحظ انه بعكس ‪ skill 6‬والتي تكون فيها الفاصلة واجبة دائما‪ ,‬فان ‪ skill 7,8‬قد تسوجب فاصلة او ال تستوجبها بناءا‬
‫على مكان اداة الربط‬
‫‪Although I wanted to say goodbye to them I didn't have time to do that. (Incorrect:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪missing comma‬‬
‫القاعدة تقول اذا كان اداة الربط في بداية الجملة يجب ان نستخدم فاصلة بالمنتصف واال سوف تكون الجملة خطأ والسبب‬
‫‪missing or lacking comma‬‬
‫)‪People will often dance, wherever there is music. (Incorrect: extra comma‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫القاعدة تقول اذا كان اداة الربط في منتصف الجملة يجب ان ال نستخدم فاصلة بالمنتصف واال سوف تكون الجملة خطأ‬
‫والسبب ‪extra comma‬‬
‫‪ :‬وهذا خاص ب مهارات ‪ 7‬و‪)8‬خطأ في كتابة الجملة( ‪2) misspelled connector‬‬
‫)‪Eventhough you are 13, you can’t go to that movie. (Incorrect: misspelled connector‬‬
‫عبارة عن كلمتين وليس كلمة واحدة ‪even though‬‬
‫‪3) extra/ missing subjects:‬‬
‫))‪You can buy a new game if save some money. (Incorrect: missing subject (2‬‬
‫الفعل الثاني ‪ save‬ليس له فاعل‬
‫‪4) extra/ missing verbs:‬‬
‫))‪Because he has a college degree, he given a great job. (Incorrect: missing verb (2‬‬
‫) ال يكون فعل اال اذا سبقه فعل مساعد‬past participle( given ‫ ليس له فعل وذلك الن التصريف الثالث‬he ‫الفاعل الثاني‬
skill5
5) extra or missing connector:
The storm started, she was at the store. (Incorrect: missing connector)
‫هذة جملة مركبة (فيها فاعلين وفعل) ولكن اليوجد اداة ربط لتربط بين شقي الجملة‬
6) misused or inappropriate connector:
Where you like it or not, you have to go.
(Incorrect: misused connector (it should be whether NOT where)
.whether ‫ غير مناسب لمعنى الجملة بشكل عام والتي هي جملة شرطية تحتاج الى‬where ‫معنى اداة الربط‬
‫ وهذا‬,‫ وغيرها هم اواوات ربط دائما‬so, before ‫ وجدت ان بعض الطالب بالخطأ يعتقد ان بعض الكلمات مثل‬:‫مالحظة‬
‫ وايضا‬. two clauses ‫ او اداة ربط اذا جاءت مع‬,‫ ممكن ان تكون حرف جر اذا جاء بعدها اسم‬after ‫ او‬before ‫ ف‬.‫خطأ‬
.‫ ممكن ان تكون اداة ربط بمعنى (لذلك) او ظرف بمعني (كثيرا) وسياق النص هو الذي يحدد‬so
-Ali is so smart. (Adverb)
- Ali is smart, so he solves the problem. (Connector)
)8 ‫و‬7‫حل تمارين الكتاب (مهارات‬
Exercise ( 7): 110 ‫صفحة‬
1. (Since) the bank closes in less than an hour, the deposits need to be tallied immediately. (C)
2. Their backgrounds are thoroughly investigated before are admitted to the organization. (I) it
lacks subject two. It must be before they are admitted to the organization.
3. The citizens are becoming more and more incensed about traffic accidents whenever the
accidents occur at that intersection. (C)
4. The ground had been prepared, the seedlings were carefully planted. (I) it lacks/ misses
connector.
5. We can start the conference now that all the participants have arrived. (C)
6. The building quite vulnerable to damage until the storm windows are installed. (I)
it lacks verb one. quite is an adverb. The correct sentence could be The building is quite
vulnerable ........
7. Once the address label for the package is typed, can be sent to the mail room. (I) lacks subject
two. It must be….the package is type, it can be sent ......
8. Because the recent change in work shifts was not posted, several workers missed their shifts.
(C)
9. The mother is going to be quite upset with her son as long he misbehaves so much. (I) the
connector is misspelled
10. Inasmuch as all the votes have not yet been counted the outcome of the election cannot be
announced. (I) lacks or misses comma between the two clauses............yet been counted, the
outcome of the election,,,,,
Exercise ( 8): 111 ‫صفحة‬
1. It is impossible to enter that program if you lack experience as teacher. (Correct)
2. The commandant left strict orders about the passes, several soldiers left the post anyway.
(Incorrect) there is no connector.
3. No one is admitted to the academy unless he or she the education requirements.(I) it misses
verb two.
4. While most students turned the assignment in on time, a few asked for the extension.(C)
5. I will take you whenever need to go to complete the registration procedures. (I) it lacks subject
two. It should be"you need to go....
6) I will wait here in the airport with you whether the plane leaves on time or not. C
7) Providing the envelope is postmarked by this Friday, your application still acceptable. I lacks
verb two.
8) As the nurse already explained all visitors must leave the hospital room now. I lacks comma
9) This exam will be more difficult than usual in that it covers two chapters instead of one. C
10) Though snow had been falling all day long, everyone got to the church on time for the
wedding. C
Exercise ( 6-8):
1) Until the registrar makes a decision about your status, you must stay in an unclassified
category. C
2) Or the bills can be paid by mail by the first of the month. I extra connector
3) The parents left a phone number with the baby-sitter in case a problem with the
lacks verb two
4) The furniture will be delivered as soon it is paid for. I misspelled connector
5) Whenever you want to hold tile meeting, we will schedule it. C
children. I
6) The government was overthrown in a revolution, the king has not returned to his homeland. I
lacks connector
7) Whereas most of the documents are complete, this form still needs to be notarized. C
8) Trash will be collected in the morning, so you should put the trash cans out tonight. C
9) It is impossible for the airplane to take off while is snowing so hard. (I) missing subject 2
10) We did not go out to dinner tonight eventhough I would have preferred not to cook. I
misspelled connector
)8‫و‬7‫و‬6( ‫ورقة عمل‬
Questions
Answer the following questions:
1)_____ arrived at the library, he started to work immediately.
(A) The student
(B) When
(C) He
(D) After the student
answer: d
2) The registration took many hours since the lines so long. This sentence is:
(A) correct
(B) incorrect because there is inappropriate connector
(C) incorrect because there is no comma
(D) incorrect because there is one verb
answer: d
3) ..................this type of medicine can be helpful, it can also have some bad side effects.
(A) Because
(C) Although
(B) In case
(D) But
4) We need to get a new car, whether it is on sale or not. This sentence is:
(A) correct
(B) incorrect because there is inappropriate connector
answer: c
(C) incorrect because there is a comma
(D) incorrect because there is one subject
answer: c
5)........... you have a visa, you can’t go to the USA.
(A) If
(C) Although
(B) As
(D) Unless
answer: d
6) I will help you as long you are nice to me. This sentence is:
(A) correct
(B) incorrect because there is inappropriate connector
(C) incorrect because there is no comma
(D) incorrect because is misspelled.
answer: d
7) Whether you stayed or not, I will leave today. Whether means:
(A) contrast
(C) condition
(B) manner
(D) time
answer: c
8) After the plane circled the airport, it landed on the main runway. This sentence is:
(A) correct
(B) incorrect there is misused connector
(C) incorrect there is a comma (D) incorrect here is one subject
answer: a
9) The waves were amazingly high ………… the coastal town.
a) when
b) until
c) when the storm
d) when the storm hit
answer: d
10) The sun was shining and the sky was blue. This sentence is:
(A) correct
(B) incorrect there is an inappropriate connector
(C) incorrect there is no comm. (D) incorrect there is one subject
answer: c
11) It was raining outside, yet I took my umbrella.
(A) correct
(B) incorrect there is an inappropriate connector
(C) incorrect there is a comma (D) incorrect there is one subject
answer: b
Reading Skills
)251 ‫القراءة صفحة (صفحة‬
T. Majd Abushunnar
Skill 1: Main idea questions (page 105)
‫أسئلة حول الفكرة الرئيسية‬
QUESTIONS ABOUT Main Idea OF A PASSAGE
What is the subject/ topic / main idea/ purpose/ primarily
concerned/ main point/ title of the passage?
‫نعرف على انه سؤال عن الفكرة الرئيسية اذا رأينا الكلمات التالية في السؤال‬
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE
QUESTION
‫كيف نتعرف على السؤال‬
subject/ topic / main idea/ purpose/ primarily concerned/ main
point/ title
HOW TO FIND THE ANSWER
‫اين نجد الجواب‬
HOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION
‫خطوات اجابة السؤال‬
in the first sentence of each paragraph
‫الجواب يكون في الجملة االولى لكل فقرة‬
‫نقرأ السطر االول لكل فقرة‬- .1
‫ نربطهم بفكرة مشتركة‬.2
‫ نختار الجواب االفضل من ضمن الخيارات‬.3
‫مالحظة في حال سألك عن فكرة لفقرة معينة فننا نقرأ الجملة االولى لتلك‬
‫ لكن اذا سألك عن القطعة بشكل عام‬,‫الفقرة وال نقرأ كل جملة في كل فقرة‬
‫فأننا نقرأ الجملة االولى لكل فقرة ونربطهم بفكرة واحدة ونبحث عن افضل‬
.‫جواب‬
:‫أمثلة الكتاب‬
Example I
In the philosophy of John Dewey a sharp distinction is made between
“intelligence” and “reasoning”. According to Dewey, intelligence is the only absolute way
to achieve a balance between realism and idealism, between practicality and wisdom
of life. Intelligence involves “interacting with other things and knowing them”, while reasoning is
merely the act of an observer, “... a mind that beholds or grasps objects outside the world of
things ...” With reasoning, a level of mental certainty can be achieved, but it is through
intelligence that control
is taken of events that shape one’s life.
The question :
What is the topic of this passage?
(A) The intelligence of John Dewey
(B) Distinctions made by John Dewey
(C)Dewey’s ideas on the ability to reason
(D) How intelligence differs from reasoning in Dewey’s works
In the philosophy of John Dewey a sharp distinction ( ‫في هذا المثال نقرأ الجملة األولى للفقره‬
‫) في هذة الجملة نالحظ انها تتكلم عن الفرق بين الذكاء‬is made between “intelligence” and “reasoning”
. D‫والمنطق لذلك سوف يكون الجواب الصحيح هو‬
Example II
:‫اما في المثال الثاني فالقطعة تتكون من فقرتين فنحتاج الى ان نقرأ الجملة االولى من كل فقرة ونوجد فكرة مشتركة بينهما‬
The passage :
Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen is continuously fed into
biological circulation. In this process, certain algae and bacteria convert nitrogen into ammonia
(NH3). This newly create d ammonia is then for the most part absorbed by plants.
The opposite process of denitrification returns nitrogen to the air. During the process
of denitrification, bacteria cause some of the nitrates from the soil to convert into
gaseous nitrogen or nitrous oxide (N2O). In this gaseous form the nitrogen returns to the
atmosphere.
The questions :
Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
(A)The Process of Nitrogen Fixation ‫هذة الفكرة الرئسية للفقرة االولى فقط‬
(B)Two Nitrogen Processes ‫هذة الفكرة الرئيسية للقطعة‬
(C) The Return of Nitrogen to the Air ‫هذة الفكرة الرئيسية للفقرة الثانية فقط‬
(D) The Effect of Nitrogen on Plant Life ‫لم تتحدث القطعة عن حياة النبات‬
Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen is ( ‫بعد قراءة الجملة االولى للفقرة االولى‬
‫ اما الجملة‬.‫ ) نجد انها تتحدث عن عملية تثبيت النيتروجين‬continuously fed into biological circulation.
)The opposite process of denitrification returns nitrogen to the air.( ‫االولى للفقرة الثانية‬
.B ‫ لذلك افضل جواب هو ال الخيارالذي يضم هذة العمليتان‬.‫فتتحدث عن عملية تحرير النيتروجين‬
‫حل تمارين‬
One identifying characteristic of minerals is their relative hardness, which can be
determined by scratching one mineral with another. In this type of test, a harder
mineral can scratch a softer one, but a softer mineral is unable to scratch the
harder one. The Mohs' hardness Line scale is used to rank minerals according to
hardness. Ten minerals are listed in this scale, ranging from talc with a hardness
of 1 to diamond with a hardness of 10. On this scale, quartz is harder than
feldspar and is therefore able to scratch it; however, feldspar is unable to make a
mark on quartz.
QUESTIONS
Which of the following best states the subject of this passage?
(A) The hardness of diamonds
(B) Identifying minerals by means of a scratch test
(C) Feldspar on the Mohs' scale
(D) Recognizing minerals in their natural state
The main idea of this passage is that:
(A) the hardness of a mineral can be determined by its ability to make a mark
on other minerals
(B) diamonds, with a hardness of 10 on the Mohs' scale, can scratch all other
minerals
(C) a softer mineral cannot be scratched by a harder mineral
(D) talc is the first mineral listed on the Mohs' scale
‫مالحظة هذة القطعة صعبة ولن يأتي بمستواها‬
passage 1 (page 253): 1) b 2)c
‫باالمتحان‬
passage 2 (page 253): 3) b 4)a
passage 3 (page 254): 5) d 6)b
passage 4 (page 254): 7) c 8)a
9)c
Skill 2: Organization of the ideas (page 255)
‫اسئلة حول ترتيب الفقرات وعالقتها ببعضها‬
QUESTIONS ABOUT ORGANIZATION OF THE IDEAS
How is the information in the passage organized?
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE
QUESTION
‫كيف نتعرف على السؤال‬
HOW TO FIND THE ANSWER
‫اين نجد الجواب‬
HOW TO ANSWER THE
QUESTION
‫خطوات اجابة السؤال‬
How is the information in the second paragraph related to
the information in the first paragraph?
/organized ‫نتعرف على انه سؤال عن الفكرة الرئيسية اذا رأينا الكلمات‬
information/ related
in the first sentence of each paragraph
‫الجواب يكون في الجملة االولى لكل فقرة‬
‫نقرأ السطر االول لكل فقرة‬- .1
‫ نجد العالقة بين هذة الجمل‬.2
‫ نختار الجواب االفضل من ضمن الخيارات‬.3
‫مالحظة في حال سألك عن نوع المعلومات لفقرة معينة فننا نقرأ‬
‫ كما وقد‬.‫الجملة االولى لتلك الفقرة وال نقرأ كل جملة في كل فقرة‬
‫يسألك عن العالقة بين فقرتين فنقرأ الجمل االولى لكل من‬
.‫الفقرتين‬
:organization of the ideas‫ و‬main idea ‫مالحظة الفرق بين‬
‫) يطلب منك ايجاد فكرة مشتركة‬skill one( main idea .a
‫( يطلب منك ان تجد نوع العالقة او طريقة تنظيم‬skill two( organization of the ideas‫ و‬.b
‫المعلومات‬
Example
The passage:
If asked who invented the game of baseball, most Americans would probably
reply that it was Abner Doubleday. At the beginning of this century, there was some
disagreement over how the game of baseball had actually originated, so sporting goods
manufacturer Spaulding inaugurated a commission to research the question. In 1908 a
report was published by the commission in which Abner Doubleday, a U.S. Army officer
from Cooperstown, New York, was given credit for the invention of the game. The
National Baseball Hall of Fame was established in Cooperstown in honor of Doubleday.
Today, most sports historians are in agreement that Doubleday really did not
have much to do with the development of baseball. Instead, baseball seems to be a
close relation to the English game of rounders and probably has English rather than
American roots.
The question :
The second paragraph:
(A) provides examples to support the ideas in the first paragraph
(B) precedes the ideas in the first paragraph
(C)outlines the effect of the idea in the first paragraph
(D) refutes the idea in the first paragraph
:‫لنحدد عالقة الفقرة الثانية باألولى‬
If asked who invented the game of baseball, most Americans ( ‫ نقرأ الجملة االولى للفقرة االولى‬-1
‫) ونجد انها تتحدث عن ان‬would probably reply that it was Abner Doubleday
Abner Doubleday invented the game
Today, most sports historians are in agreement that Doubleday ( ‫ نقرأ الجملة االولى للفقرة الثانية‬-2
invent ‫) ونجد انها تتحدث عن ان‬really did not have much to do with the development of baseball.
Abner Doubleday didn’t the game
.D ‫ نجد ان الفقرة الثانية تنفي المعلومة الموجودة في الفقرة االولى لذلك الجواب األفضل هو‬-3
:‫مهم جدا العالقات التالية قد تراها باالمتحان‬
Provide example to support (‫ )تزود بأمثلة داعمة‬/ precede the idea (‫ )تكمل االفكار‬/ outline the idea
(‫)تلخص االفكار‬/ chronological order )‫)ترتيب زمني نختارها في فقرة تتكلم عن حياة انسان او تطور مؤسسه‬/
contrast the ideas (‫ )تناقض او تعارض االفكار‬/ refute the idea (‫)تنفي او تدحض األفكار‬/ comparison
(‫)مقارنة‬/ cause and effect (‫)سبب ونتيجة‬/ definition (‫)تعريف‬/ argument (‫)جدال‬/ opinion (‫)رأي‬/
premise (theory ‫) نظرية‬/ illustration of (‫)شرح ل‬/ opposing views (‫)وجهات نظر معارضة‬
‫حل تمارين الكتاب‬
1 How is the information in the passage organized?
(A) The origin of ideas about conflict is presented.
(B) Contrasting views of conflict are presented.
(C) Two theorists discuss the strengths and weaknesses of their views on conflict.
(D) Examples of conflict within organizations are presented.
2 Click on the paragraph that supports the view that organizational conflict can be beneficial.
passage 1 (page 256): 1) b 2) paragraph 3
passage 2 (page 257):
3) b
4) The third paragraph
passage 3 (page 257): 5) a 6)b
TOFEL exercise 1-2 (page 258): 1)C 2)B
3) C 4)B 5)D
6)A
7) A
Skill 3: page: 259
STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS
‫ االجابات مذكورة في النص‬- ‫االسئلة التفصلية‬
A stated detail question asks about one piece of information in the passage rather than the
passage as a whole. The answers to these questions are generally given in order in the passage,
and the correct answer is often a restatement of what is given in the passage. This means that the
correct answer often expresses the same idea as what is written in the passage, but the words are
not exactly the same.
‫ االجابات تكون بالتسلسل خالل المهارة علما انه في‬.‫االسئلة الضمنية تسأل عن معلمة محددة في النص وليس عن النص ككل‬
‫ االجابة عادة اعادة صياغة لما هو‬.‫االمتحان يكون االسئلة حول مختلف المهارات فال داعي للتركيز على موضوع التسلسل‬
‫ بمعنى اخر االجابة الصحيحة هي تعبير عن للفكرة الموجودة بالنص باستخدام مصطلحات ثانية‬.‫موجود في النص‬
If there are stated detail questions, students should identify those questions. The questions of
stated detail questions are as follow
:‫هناك اكثر من صيغة للسؤال يجب التركيز عليها في االمتحان واثناء الدراسة‬How to identify the question




According to the passage…..
It is stated in the passage ……..
The passage indicates that ………
Which of the following is true ……..
‫ اين تجد االجابة؟‬Where to find the answer‫؟‬
‫ االجابات عادة بالترتيب‬The answer to these questions are found in order in the passage.
‫ما هي خطوات الحل‬



How to answer the question.
‫ تحدد كلمة مفتاحية في السؤال‬Choose a key word in the question.
‫اقرأ سريعا وحدد مكان الكلمة المفتاحية‬Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the key word
or idea.
‫اقرأ الجملة التي تحتوي على الكلمة المفتاحية بتمعن‬Read the sentence that contains the key word or
idea carefully.

Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining
choices. ‫استبعد اي اجابة انت على ثقة بأنها خاطئة واختر االجابة الصحيحة‬
1. EXAMPLE: PAGE 260
Choose the best answers to the questions that follow.
PASSAGE ONE
Williamsburg is a historic city in Virginia situated on a peninsula between two rivers, the York
and the James. It was settled by English colonists in 1633, twenty-six years after the first
permanent English colony in America was settled at Jamestown. In the beginning the colony at
Williamsburg was named Middle Plantation because of its location in the middle of the
peninsula. The site for Williamsburg had been selected by the colonists because the soil drainage
was better there than at the Jamestown location, and there were fewer mosquitos.
‫مالحظة مهمة‬
‫الكلمات التي تحتها خط في االسئلة هي الكلمات المفتاحية وتم وضع خط تحتها في النص للتركيز على الجمل التي تتضمنها‬
‫ االجابات الصحيحة تم طباعته باللون الغامق‬. ‫الكلمات المفتاحية‬
1. According to the passage, Williamsburg is located
A. on an island
B. in the middle of a river
C. where the York and the James meet
D. on a piece of land with rivers on two sides
2. The passage indicates that Jamestown
A. was settled 1n 1633
B. was settled twenty-six years after Williamsburg
C. was the first permanent English colony in America
D. was originally named Middle Plantation
3. The passage states that the name Middle Plantation
A. is a more recent name than Williamsburg
B. derived from the location of the colony on the peninsula
C. refers to the middle part of England that was home to the colonists
D. was given to the new colony because it was located in the middle of several plantations
2

EXAMPLE :
Stated Question
Finally, for a fear to truly be a phobia, it must be recurring. That is, if the man on the plane had
flown before without incident and continued to use planes after this one panic attack without
experiencing further bouts of unreasonable fear, then he would not be said to be suffering from a
phobia. A true aviophobic could never contemplate flying in any form without experiencing
severe symptoms of acute nervousness. In this case, the man’s single onset of severe panic would
most likely be viewed as symptomatic of some other mental disorder, perhaps brought on by
unrelated stresses in his life. Obviously, the fact that phobias are recurring fears, or rather, that
they involve constant fear of the object of the phobia, should not be taken to mean that the fear
can never be overcome. A person who is suffering from a phobia may, either through great effort
of will, or, more likely, through a course of psychiatric treatment, conquer his phobia and cease
to be frightened of whatever it was he was formerly afraid of.
Question:
1. According to the author, in paragraph 4, what might be one cause of a single instance of a
phobic-like episode?
A. Seeing plane crashes on the news
B. Watching too much violent television
C. Possessing a desire for public attention
D. Having too much stress in one’s life
Analysis: ‫توضيح االجابة‬
(D) is the correct answer. It is stated directly in the text. (A) is incorrect. Seeing plane crashes on
the news is mentioned as something that might cause non-phobic nervousness in airline
passengers. (B) and (C) are not mentioned in the passage.

PASSAGE TWO
Flutes have been around for quite some time, in all sorts of shapes and sizes and made from a
variety of materials. The oldest known flutes are about 20,000 years old; they were made from
hollowed-out bones with holes cut in them In addition to bone, older flutes were often
constructed from bamboo or hollowed-out wood. Today’s flutes are generally made of metal,
and in addition to the holes they have a complicated system of keys, levers, and pads. The
instrument belonging to well known flautist James Galway is not just made of any metal; it is
made of gold
Questions:
1. According to the passage, the oldest flutes
A. had holes cut in them
B. were made of metal
C. were made 200,000 years ago
D. had a complicated set of levers and pads
2. The passage indicates that James Gaiway’s flute is made of
A. Bones
B. Bamboo
C. Wood
D. Gold
Analysis:
The answers to the questions are generally found in order in the passage, so you should look for
the answer to the first question near the beginning of the passage. Since the first question asks
about the oldest flutes, you should see that this question is answered in the second sentence. The
passage states that the oldest flutes were bones with holes cut in them, so the best answer is
answer (A). Answers (B) and (D) are true about today’s flutes, but not the oldest flutes, so they
are incorrect. Answer (C) is an incorrect number; the oldest flutes are 20,000 years old, not
200,000 years old.
The answer to the second question will probably be located in the passage after the answer to the
first question. Since the second question is about James Galway’s flute, you should skim through
the passage to find the part of the passage that discusses this topic. The answer to this question is
found in the statement that the instrument belonging to well-known flautist James Galway is not
just made of any metal; it is made of gold. The best answer to this question is therefore answer
(D).
Skill 5: The pronoun referent (page 267)
‫سؤال على ماذا يعود الضمير‬
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PRONOUN REFERENT
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION
the pronoun X in paragraph X refers to………
‫كيف نتعرف على السؤال‬
HOW TO FIND THE ANSWER
Look for nouns that come before the pronoun.
‫اين نجد الجواب‬
‫سوف يكون االسم الذي يعود عليه الضمير دائما قبل الضمير‬
‫لذلك عندما نبحث على االسم نقرأ ما قبل الضمير‬
‫ لن يكون االسم بعد الضمير مطلقا‬:‫مالحظة مهمة‬
1.
‫نعين الضمير بالقطعة‬
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION
2.
‫نقرأ الجملة التي تقع قبل الضمير‬
‫خطوات اجابة السؤال‬
3.
‫نبحث عن اسم يعود الضمير عليه في الجملة المقروءة او ما قبل الضمير بما‬
‫يتناسب مع نوع الضمير والمعنى‬
( ‫فمثال مع‬he( ‫) نبحث عن اسم مفرد مذكر مع‬they.....‫) نبحث عن اسم جمع وهكذا‬
Example
The passage:
Carnivorous plants, such as the sundew and the Venus-flytrap, are generally found in humid areas where
there is an inadequate supply of nitrogen in the soil. In order to survive, these plants have developed
mechanisms to trap insects within their foliage. They have digestive fluids to obtain the necessary
nitrogen from the insects. These plants trap the insects in a variety of ways. The sundew has sticky hairs
on its leaves; when an insect lands on these leaves, it gets caught up in the sticky hairs, and the leaf
wraps itself around the insect. The leaves of the Venus-flytrap function more like a trap, snapping
suddenly and forcefully shut around an insect.
The question :
1-The underlined pronoun “They” refers to:
a) Humid areas. b) These plants.
c) Insects.
d) Digestive fluids
In order to survive, these plants have developed mechanisms to trap insects ( ‫بعد ان نقرأ ما قبل الضمير‬
‫ يمكن ان يعود الضمير عليه لكن المعنى يوضح العالقة ونعرف ان‬plural ‫) نجد ان هناك اكثر من اسم‬within their foliage
.)these plants( ‫) يعود على‬They (‫الضمير‬
2-The underlined pronoun “it” refers to:
a) Humid areas. b) These plants.
c) Insects.
d) Digestive fluids
when an insect lands on these leaves, it gets caught up in the sticky hairs( ‫بعد ان نقرأ ما قبل الضمير‬
.)insects( ‫نجد أن الضمير يعود على‬
Passage 1
The full moon that occurs nearest the equinox of the Sun has become known as the harvest
moon. It is a bright moon which allows farmers to work late into the night for several nights;
they can work when the moon is at its brightest to bring in the fall harvest. The harvest moon, of
Line course, occurs at different times of the year in the northern and southern hemispheres. In the
northern hemisphere, the harvest moon occurs in September at the time of the autumnal equinox.
In the southern hemisphere, the harvest moon occurs in March at the time of the vernal equinox.
1. The pronoun "It" in line 2 refers to:
(A) the equinox
(B) the Sun
(C) the harvest moon
(D) the night
2. The pronoun "they" in line 3 refers to:
(A) farmers
(B) nights
(C) times
(D) hemispheres
PASSAGE 2
Mardi Gras, which means "Fat Tuesday" in French, was introduced to America by French
colonists in the early eighteenth century. From that time, it has grown in popularity, particularly
in New Orleans, and today it is actually a legal holiday in several southern states. The Mardi
Gras Line celebration in New Orleans begins well before the actual Mardi Gras Day. Parades,
parties, balls, and numerous festivities take place throughout the week before Mardi Gras Day;
tourists from various countries throughout the world flock to New Orleans for the celebration
where they take part in a week of nonstop activities before returning home for some muchneeded rest.
3. The pronoun "it" in line 3 refers to:
(A) Mardi Gras
(B) French
(C) that time
(D) New Orleans
4.The pronoun "they’’ refers to:
(A) parades
(B) tourists
(C) activities
(D) New Orleans
Skill 8: Structural clues / vocabulary question (page
288)
‫ والجواب يكون بعد الداللة التركيبية‬/‫أسئلة حول معاني الكلمات‬
QUESTIONS ABOUT VOCABULARY
HOW TO IDENTIFY THE QUESTION
‫كيف نتعرف على السؤال‬
What is...?
what is the meaning of...?
what is true about...?
1- punctuation: commas, parentheses, dashes
Structural clues
‫نوع الدالالت التركيبية‬
‫ عالمات الترقيم‬,‫ الفواصل‬, ‫ االقواس‬,‫الشرطات‬
2-restatement: or, that is, in other words, i.e
‫مالحظة مهمة (يجد ان تعرف هذة الدالالت‬
)‫وتحفظها‬
‫كلمات عادة صياغة الفكرة‬
examples: such as, for example, e.g.
‫كلمات تدل على األمثلة‬
HOW TO FIND THE ANSWER
‫اين نجد الجواب‬
will generally be found after the punctuation clue, the restatement
clue, or the example clue.
(‫الجواب سوف يكون بعد هذة الدالالت التركيبية فمثال بعد كلمة‬or) (‫او بعد‬such as ‫)او بعد‬
‫او محصور بفواصل او شرطات او اقواس وهكذا‬
1. ‫نحدد الكلمة في القطعة‬
HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTION
2. ‫نبحث على داللة تركبية والتي تكون بعد الكلمة مباشرة‬
‫خطوات اجابة السؤال‬
3.
‫بعد تعيين الداللة التركيبية تقرأ ما بعدها ونحاول ان نجد كلمة مماثلة لها في‬
‫المعنى موجودة بالخيارات‬
Example
The passage:
One of the leading schools of psychological thought in the twentieth century is behaviorism-the belief
that the role of the psychologist is to study behavior, which is observable, rather than conscious or
unconscious thought, which is not. Probably the best-known proponent of behaviorism is B.F. Skinner,
who is famous for his research on how positive and negative reinforcement influence behavior. He came
to believe that positive reinforcement such as praise, food, or money were more effective in promoting
good behavior than negative reinforcement, or punishment.
1- what is the meaning of behaviorism?
a) conscious thought patterns
b) unconscious thought patterns
c) observable actions
d) unobservable actions
the belief that the role of the ( ‫ نجد ان بعدها شرطة ) _( فنقرأ الذي بعد الشرطة‬behaviorism ‫بعد ان نعين كلمة‬
psychologist is to study behavior, which is observable, rather than conscious or unconscious thought,
‫ لذلك‬conscious or unconscious thought ‫ وليس‬observable action ‫ عبارة عن‬behaviorism ‫) فنجد ان‬which is not
. observable actions ‫فالجواب الصحيح‬
2- positive reinforcement means:
a) gift
b) reward
c) penalty
d) bribe
praise, food, or ( ‫ فنقرأ الذي بعد هذة الكلمة‬such as ‫ نجد ان بعدها كلمة‬positive reinforcement ‫بعد ان نعين كلمة‬
‫) فنجد هذة امثلة على اشياء تعطى كمكافئة لذلك فالجواب‬money were more effective in promoting good behavior
. reward ‫الصحيح‬
3- - positive reinforcement means:
a) punishment
b) reward
c) promotion
d) bribe
‫بعد ان نعين كلمة‬negative reinforcement ‫ نجد ان بعدها كلمة‬or ‫ فنقرأ الذي بعد هذة‬or( punishment) ‫فجد ان الجواب‬
‫الصحيح‬punishment.
‫حل تمارين الكتاب‬
The teddy bear is a child's toy, a nice soft stuffed animal suitable for cuddling. It is, however, a toy with
an interesting history behind it.
Theodore Roosevelt, or Teddy as he was commonly called, was president of the United Line States from
1901 to 1909. He was an unusually active man with varied pastimes, one of which was hunting. One day
the president was invited to take part in a bear hunt; and inasmuch as Teddy was president, his hosts
wanted to ensure that he caught a bear. A bear was captured, clanked over the head to knock it out, and
tied to a tree; however, Teddy, who really wanted to hunt a bear, refused to shoot the bear and, in fact,
demanded that the bear be extricated from the ropes; that is, he demanded that the bear be set free.
The incident attracted a lot of attention among journalists. First a cartoon—drawn by Clifford K
Berryman to make fun of this situation—appeared in the Washington Post, and the cartoon was widely
distributed and reprinted throughout the country. Then toy manufacturers began producing a toy bear
which they called a "teddy bear." The teddy bear became the most widely recognized symbol of
Roosevelt's presidency.
1. According to line 1 of the passage, what is a "teddy bear"?
(A) A ferocious animal
(B) The president of the United States
(C) A famous hunter
(D) A plaything
2. Look at the word pastimes in paragraph 2. This word could best be replaced by
A. past occurrences
B. previous jobs
C. hunting trips
D.
leisure activities
3. Choose the word or phrase that is close in meaning to ‘extricated’ in paragraph 2.
A. Release
B. Tied up
4. In line 10, a "cartoon" could best be described as:
(A) a newspaper
(B) a type of teddy bear
(C) a drawing with a message
(D) a newspaper article
:‫مالحظات مهمة حول القراءة‬
‫ جميع القطع بالكتاب للتدريب حيث ستكون القطعة باالمتحان خارجية‬-2
‫ لذلك تأكد من اجابة جميع‬next ‫ عندما تتقدم لالمتحان جميع اسئلة القراءة سوف تكون تحت بعض واليمكن ان تعود اليها عندما تكبس‬-3
‫االسئلة بشكل صحيح‬
‫ دقايق ثم طبق ما تعلمته في المهارات‬7 ‫ او‬5‫ دقيقة اقرأ القطعة ب‬20-15 ‫ دقيقة لذلك اعطي اسئلة القراءة من‬50 ‫ مدة االمتحان‬-4