ANSWERS
ter
ap
Ch
1
Organisation of Plant Tissues and Growth
Formative Practice 1.1
1.
2.
Guard cell / Root hair cell
3.
1.1
1.
2.
Formative Practice 1.2
1.
2.
(a)
Primary phloem
Secondary phloem
Secondary xylem
Primary xylem
1
3.
4.
1.1
Results:
Time (Day)
Dry mass of three seeds or
seedlings (g)
0
Graph of dry mass of maize seed against time (day):
Dry mass (g)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
3
6
9 12 15 18 21
Time (days)
Discussion:
1.
2.
2
Average dry mass of seeds or
seedlings (g)
Formative Practice 1.3
1.
2.
3.
Summative Practice 1
1.
Tissue A:
Characteristic:
Function:
Tissue B:
Characteristic:
Function:
Tissue C:
Characteristic:
Function:
2.
(a) Zone I:
Zone II:
Zone III:
Small vacuole
Smaller vacuoles combine
to form a larger vacuole
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell
wall
Zone I
(c)
(d)
Epidermis
Cortex
Pith
Zone II
Primary xylem
Primary phloem
Cambium
Corteks
Secondary phloem
Primary phloem
Cork
cambium
Secondary xylem
Primary xylem
3
3.
4.
5.
21st Century Mind
6.
4
ter
ap
Ch
2
Leaf Structure and Function
2.1
1.
2.
Formative Practice 2.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.1
Results:
Type of leaves
Parts of epidermis layer
Discussion:
1.
2.
5
Number of stoma
Formative Practice 2.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.2
Results:
Surrounding factor
Distance travelled by air bubble in
10 minutes (cm)
Discussion:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Formative Practice 2.3
1.
2.
3.
6
Transpiration rate
(cm/min)
2.3
1.
2.
3.
2.3
Discussion:
1. Example of the results for variable being light intensity
Distance from Hydrilla sp.
to light source (cm)
Average of number of air bubbles
released in 5 minutes
Graph of average number of air bubbles against distance between Hydrilla sp. and light
source:
Average number of air bubbles
25
20
15
10
5
0
20
30
40
50
60
Distance between Hydrilla sp. and light source (cm)
2.
7
3.
Hydrilla
Hydrilla
Hydrilla
Hydrilla
4.
Formative Practice 2.4
1.
2.
3.
o
4.
Formative Practice 2.5
1.
2.
3.
Summative Practice 2
1.
2.
8
3.
(c)
Pudina leaf
Characteristic
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
(c)
21st Century Mind
9.
10.
9
Thyme leaf
ter
ap
Ch
Nutrition in Plants
3
3.1
Results:
Culture bottle
Nutrient deficiency
Observation
A
B
All
E
Discussion:
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 3.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
10
3.2
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 3.2
1.
2.
3.
3.3
1.
2.
Nepenthes
Formative Practice 3.3
1.
2.
3.
Summative Practice 3
1.
11
2.
3.
4.
21st Century Mind
5.
12
ter
ap
Ch
4
Transport in Plants
4.1
1.
2.
Formative Practice 4.1
1.
2.
3.
4.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.2
1.
2.
3.
4.2
1.
2.
3.
13
Formative Practice 4.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.3
Results:
Observation
The beginning of the experiment
After three weeks
Discussion:
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 4.3
1.
2.
3.
the
to
4.
5.
14
4.4
Results:
Reading of ammonia in the lake water
Glass container
A
B
Discussion:
1.
2. Lemna
3.
Beginning of the experiment
End of the experiment
Hydrilla
4.5
Results:
Glass container
Reading of ammonia
Beginning of the experiment
End of the experiment
A
B
Discussion:
1.
2.
Formative Practice 4.4
1.
2.
Summative Practice 4
1.
15
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.
21st Century Mind
4.
ter
ap
Ch
5
Response in Plants
Practice Formative 5.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Formative Practice 5.2
1.
2.
3.
16
5.2
Results
Paper bag
Colour of tomatoes
At the beginning
At the end of the
of the experiment
experiment
A
B
Condition of tomatoes (hard/soft)
At the beginning
At the end of the
of the experiment
experiment
Hard
Hard
Hard
Discussion
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 5.3
1.
2.
Summative Practice 5
1.
Shoot tip bends
upwards
Gravity
Root tip bends
downwards
Gravity
2.
17
3.
21st Century Mind
4.
ter
ap
Ch
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
6
6.1
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 6.1
1.
(a) A
B
E
F
B
E
F
2.
3.
Aspect
Male reproductive organ
18
Female reproductive organ
6.2
1.
2.
Sketch
Name of plant
Features of pollen grains
Mimosa pudica
Lalang
Formative Practice 6.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Formative Practice 6.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
19
Importance
6.6
1.
2.
Formative Practice 6.4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Formative Practice 6.5
1.
2.
3.
Summative Practice 6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lalang
6.
7.
8.
21st Century Mind
9.
20
ter
ap
Ch
7
Adaptations of Plants in Different Habitats
Formative Practice 7.1
1.
2.
Summative Practice 7
1.
2.
Aloe vera plant
Aloe vera
Aloe vera
21st Century Mind
3.
21
ter
ap
Ch
8
Biodiversity
8.1
Observations:
Kingdom
Number of
cells
Structure of
cell wall
Presence of
chlorophyll
Presence
of
nucleus
Example of
organisms
Halobacterium
salinarum
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Lactobacillus
Paramecium
Protista
Fucus
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
Fungi
Agaricus
(
.
)
Plantae
Bougainvillea
Animalia
Elephas maximus
Formative Practice 8.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
Formative Practice 8.2
1.
22
2.
3.
4.
Formative Practice 8.3
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pathogen
Vector
Vibrio cholerae
Salmonella typhi
Summative Practice 8
1.
(a) Felis catus
catus Felis
Felis
catus
2.
3.
4.
5.
Azotobacter
+
23
Rhizobium
+
Nitrosomonas
Nitrobacter
6.
7.
Triconympha
8.
21st Century Mind
9.
Azotobacter
+
24
Rhizobium
Nitrosomonas
ter
ap
Ch
9
Nitrobacter
Ecosystem
9.1
Results
Types of seeds /
Trays
Height of seedlings (cm)
1
2
3
4
5
Discussions
1.
2.
3.
4.
Formative Practice 9.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
25
6
7
8
9
10
Average
5.
9.3
Observations:
Quadrat
Plant
species
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total number of
species
Density of species
(m2)
)
X
Quadrat
Plant
species
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Area
covered by
species
Coverage
percentage (%)
X
Discussion:
1.
2.
3.
9.4
Observations:
Number of centipedes
Area
Second capture
First capture
Captured
number
Marked number
Science
garden
Discussion:
1.
2.
3.
26
Population size
9.5
Discussions
Quadrat
Total coverage of
Pleurococcus sp. in every
quadrat (cm2)
Total coverage of
Pleurococcus sp. in all
quadrat (cm2)
Coverage percentage
of Pleurococcus sp.
(cm-2)
Q
R
Pleurococcus
)
)
Discussions
1.
2.
3.
Pleurococcus
Pleurococcus
Pleurococcus
Formative Practice 9.2
1.
2.
Summative Practice 9
1.
Avicennia
Rhizophora
Bruguiera
Sonneratia
27
2.
3.
(c) (i)
4.
21st Century Mind
5.
28
ter
ap
Ch
10
Environmental Sustainability
10.1
Results:
Water samples
Time taken for 0.1% blue methylene
solution to decolourise (hour)
Discussions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Formative Practice 10.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
29
The rate of water
pollution (hour–1)
BOD level
Formative Practice 10.2
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 10.3
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 10.4
1.
2.
3.
30
Summative Practice 10
1.
2.
3.
31
21st Century Mind
4.
sisih
susun
sapu
seragam
sentiasa amal
ter
ap
h
C
11
Inheritance
11.1
1.
2.
(a)
3.
4.
Formative Practice 11.1
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 11.2
1.
2.
32
Formative Practice 11.3
1.
2.
Formative Practice 11.4
1.
Parent
:
Father
Mother
x
Genotype
:
Meiosis
Gamete
:
Fertilisation
Progeny genotype :
IO
IB
IO
IAIB IAIO
IBIO
IO IO
Progeny phenotype:
AB
B
O
Phenotypic ratio
:
A O
I I
IA
A
1 : 1
:
IBIO
1 : 1
2.
3.
Summative Practice 11
1.
(iii)
Gamete
PS
Ps
pS
PS
Ps
pS
ps
33
ps
2.
Parent
:
Father
Mother
Phenotype
:
Normal
eyesight
Colour
blind
Genotype
Meiosis
Gamete
:
XBY
:
XB
x
Y
XbXb
Xb
Fertilisation
Genotype of child
:
XBXb
XbY
Phenotype of child
:
Normal girl (carrier)
Colour blind boy
Phenotypic ratio
:
1
:
21st Century Mind
F
F
34
1
ter
ap
Ch
12
Variation
Formative Practice 12.1
1.
2.
Characteristic
Type of variation
3.
4.
12.1
Discussion:
1.
2.
Conclusion:
12.3
Discussion:
1.
2.
Conclusion:
35
Formative Practice 12.2
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 12.3
1.
2.
Summative Practice 12
1.
(ii)
Continuous variation (Body mass)
Discontinuous variation (Types of earlobes)
2.
36
21st Century Mind
37
ter
ap
Ch
13
Genetic Technology
Formative Practice 13.1
1.
2.
3.
Formative Practice 13.2
1.
2.
Summative Practice 13
1.
2.
38
21st Century Mind
3.
4.
39