THE CONCEPT OF
DISASTER
DISASTER
• is a dangerous situation or threat from natural or man-made events
that disrupt the functions of individuals in a community. This could
mean death, damage to resources, and loss of property. Thus, a
community under disaster might need assistance to recover.
Disasters occur when a hazard is exposed to a vulnerable
community.
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VULNERABILITY
(conditions of the
community)
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DISASTER
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HAZARD
(trigger event)
HAZARD
•is a threat to life, environment, or property.
A hazard can be considered a disaster if it
poses an actual harm to life and
environment. It can be classified based on
its origins: natural and man-made.
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NATURAL HAZARDS
are caused by an abrupt or slow onset of naturally occurring phenomena which can
be biological, geological, hydrological, meteorological, and climatological in origin.
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TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARDS:
NATURAL HAZARD
DESCRIPTION
BIOLOGICAL
DISEASES, EPIDEMICS, PLAGUES
GEOLOGICAL
EARTHQUAKES, LANDSLIDES,
TSUNAMIS, AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
HYDROLOGICAL
AVALANCHE, FLOODS
METEOROLOGICAL
CLIMATOLOGICAL
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STORM SURGES, CYCLONES,
TORNADOES
6 DROUGHT, WILD FIRES
PLAGUE
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VOLCANIC ERUPTION
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CYCLONE
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DROUGHT
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MAN-MADE HAZARDS
•are caused by human activities and occur
near human settlements. Pollution, industrial,
and transport accidents, conflicts (war and
terrorism), and technological structures are
some examples of man-made hazards.
•EX: Pollution, accident, arson, war
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•The failure to withstand the impacts of
hazards is called vulnerability. For
example, a town located near an active
volcano is more vulnerable to a volcanic
eruption compared to a town located
far from the volcano.
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•The impacts of a disaster can be
reduced if proper mitigation measures
are done. Mitigation refers to the act
of preventing or minimizing the effects
of a disaster by introducing
precautionary measures before it strikes
a community.
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Nature of Disasters
• How are disasters formed? We can recall that
disaster occurrence is a combination of hazards and
vulnerability. A vulnerable community exposed to a
hazard is prone to disaster risks.Vulnerability is often
caused by limited resources, illnesses within the
population, and disabilities within a community.
Failure to plan proper disaster management
procedures also contribute to disaster formation.
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Natural Disasters
• Some natural disasters are unpredictable, but communities can prepare for
their occurrence to avoid heavy damages. For example, the earthquake on
the West Valley Fault lining the National Capital Region and nearby areas is
unpredictable. However, the government and nearby communities can take
precautionary measures to reduce the potential negative impacts of the
earthquake. The different communities around the area continue to conduct
earthquake drills to prepare for the upcoming disaster.
• On the other hand, natural disasters like typhoons occur with warning.
PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services)
and the media provide information about the typhoon’s speed and location
so that citizens could take precautionary measures and evacuation
procedures before the typhoon strikes.
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Man-Made Disasters
• Man-made disasters are caused by human activities and
usually occur in human settlements. Like natural disasters,
man-made disasters can happen with or without warning.
Flood caused by an unknown leak or breakage in a water
dam, without proper mitigation is an example of
unpredicted disaster.
• Some of the most severe man-made disasters strike
without warning. An example is the war at Marawi that
caused the death of hundreds of civilians and soldiers,
damage to properties, and the spread of diseases.
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